    [Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
    [H.R. 8467 Introduced in House (IH)]

    <DOC>

    118th CONGRESS
      2d Session
                                    H. R. 8467

     To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other
    programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and
                              for other purposes.

    _______________________________________________________________________

                        IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                                  May 21, 2024

     Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania introduced the following bill; which was
                    referred to the Committee on Agriculture

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                     A BILL

     To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other
    programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and
                              for other purposes.

        Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,

    SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

        (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Farm, Food, and
    National Security Act of 2024''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
    follows:

    Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
    Sec. 2. Definitions.
                              TITLE I--COMMODITIES

                          Subtitle A--Commodity Policy

    Sec. 1101. Reference prices.
    Sec. 1102. 1-time opportunity to add base acres.
    Sec. 1103. Producer election.
    Sec. 1104. Price loss coverage.
    Sec. 1105. Agriculture risk coverage.
                          Subtitle B--Marketing Loans

    Sec. 1201. Loan rates for nonrecourse marketing assistance loans.
    Sec. 1202. Repayment rates for upland cotton, long grain rice, and
                                medium grain rice.
    Sec. 1203. Repayment rates for extra long staple cotton.
    Sec. 1204. Modifications to storage credits.
    Sec. 1205. Economic adjustment assistance for textile mills.
                               Subtitle C--Sugar

    Sec. 1301. Loan rate modifications.
    Sec. 1302. Adjustments to commodity credit corporation storage rates.
    Sec. 1303. Modernizing beet sugar allotments.
    Sec. 1304. Reallocations of tariff rate quota shortfall.
    Sec. 1305. Clarification of tariff rate quota adjustments.
                               Subtitle D--Dairy

    Sec. 1401. Dairy margin coverage production history.
    Sec. 1402. Premiums for dairy margins.
    Sec. 1403. Mandatory reporting of dairy product processing costs.
    Sec. 1404. Class I skim milk price.
    Sec. 1405. Extensions.
    Sec. 1406. Dairy reports.
       Subtitle E--Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs

    Sec. 1501. Livestock indemnity payment rates.
    Sec. 1502. Emergency assistance for honeybees.
    Sec. 1503. Tree assistance program.
    Sec. 1504. Assistance in the form of block grants.
                           Subtitle F--Administration

    Sec. 1601. Suspension of permanent price support authority.
    Sec. 1602. Implementation.
    Sec. 1603. Equitable treatment of certain entities.
    Sec. 1604. Payment limitation.
    Sec. 1605. Adjusted gross income limitation.
    Sec. 1606. Storage facility loans.
    Sec. 1607. Strengthening domestic food production supply chains.
    Sec. 1608. Limitation on CCC authority.
                             TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                            Subtitle A--Definitions

    Sec. 2001. Definitions.
                    Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program

    Sec. 2101. Definitions.
    Sec. 2102. Conservation reserve.
    Sec. 2103. Partnership initiatives.
    Sec. 2104. Duties of owners and operators.
    Sec. 2105. Duties of the Secretary.
    Sec. 2106. Payments.
    Sec. 2107. Contracts.
              Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

    Sec. 2201. Definitions.
    Sec. 2202. Establishment and administration.
    Sec. 2203. Limitation on payments.
    Sec. 2204. Conservation innovation grants and payments.
                  Subtitle D--Conservation Stewardship Program

    Sec. 2301. Conservation stewardship program.
    Sec. 2302. Duties of the Secretary.
    Sec. 2303. State assistance for soil health.
                    Subtitle E--Other Conservation Programs

    Sec. 2401. Conservation of private grazing land.
    Sec. 2402. Feral swine eradication and control program.
    Sec. 2403. Grassroots source water protection program.
    Sec. 2404. Voluntary public access and habitat incentive program.
    Sec. 2405. Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act.
    Sec. 2406. Emergency conservation program.
    Sec. 2407. Emergency watershed program.
    Sec. 2408. National agriculture flood vulnerability study.
                     Subtitle F--Funding and Administration

    Sec. 2501. Commodity Credit Corporation.
    Sec. 2502. Rescissions.
    Sec. 2503. Delivery of technical assistance.
    Sec. 2504. Administrative requirements for conservation programs.
    Sec. 2505. Experienced services program.
             Subtitle G--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

    Sec. 2601. Definitions.
    Sec. 2602. Agricultural land easements.
    Sec. 2603. Wetland reserve easements.
    Sec. 2604. Administration.
                Subtitle H--Forest Conservation Easement Program

    Sec. 2701. Forest conservation easement program.
             Subtitle I--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

    Sec. 2801. Establishment and purposes.
    Sec. 2802. Definitions.
    Sec. 2803. Regional conservation partnerships.
    Sec. 2804. Assistance to producers.
    Sec. 2805. Funding.
    Sec. 2806. Administration.
    Sec. 2807. Critical conservation areas.
                Subtitle J--Repeals and Transitional Provisions

    Sec. 2901. Superseded conservation reserve program authorities.
    Sec. 2902. Healthy Forests Reserve Program.
                                TITLE III--TRADE

                         Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

    Sec. 3101. Food aid quality assurance.
    Sec. 3102. Minimum levels of assistance.
    Sec. 3103. Food aid consultative group.
    Sec. 3104. Issuance of regulations; oversight, monitoring, and
                                evaluation.
    Sec. 3105. International food relief partnership.
    Sec. 3106. Use of commodity credit corporation.
    Sec. 3107. Pre-positioning of agricultural commodities and annual
                                report regarding food aid programs and
                                activities.
    Sec. 3108. Deadline for agreements to finance sales or to provide other
                                assistance.
    Sec. 3109. Minimum level of nonemergency food assistance.
    Sec. 3110. Termination date for micronutrient fortification programs.
    Sec. 3111. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter farmer-to-farmer program.
                   Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

    Sec. 3201. Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation.
    Sec. 3202. Preserving foreign markets for goods using common names.
    Sec. 3203. Interagency seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetable
                                working group.
                   Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

    Sec. 3301. Growing American food exports.
    Sec. 3302. Food for progress act of 1985.
    Sec. 3303. Bill Emerson humanitarian trust act.
    Sec. 3304. Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets.
    Sec. 3305. International agricultural education fellowship program.
    Sec. 3306. International agriculture cultural immersion and exchange
                                program.
    Sec. 3307. International food security technical assistance.
    Sec. 3308. McGovern-Dole international food for education and child
                                nutrition program.
    Sec. 3309. Global crop diversity trust.
    Sec. 3310. Local and regional food aid procurement projects.
    Sec. 3311. Agricultural trade enforcement task force.
                              TITLE IV--NUTRITION

             Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

    Sec. 4101. Declaration of policy.
    Sec. 4102. Food distribution program on Indian reservations.
    Sec. 4103. Exclusions from income and resources.
    Sec. 4104. Earned income deduction.
    Sec. 4105. SNAP employment and training provider service referrals.
    Sec. 4106. Prohibited fees.
    Sec. 4107. Prohibition on benefit redemption by owners of retail food
                                stores.
    Sec. 4108. Supplemental nutrition assistance program benefit transfer
                                transaction data report.
    Sec. 4109. Public availability of State plans.
    Sec. 4110. National accuracy clearinghouse.
    Sec. 4111. SNAP staffing flexibility.
    Sec. 4112. Updates to administrative processes for SNAP retailers.
    Sec. 4113. Adjustment to percentage of recovered funds retained by
                                States.
    Sec. 4114. Tolerance level for payment errors.
    Sec. 4115. Public comment on quality control guidance.
    Sec. 4116. Office of program integrity.
    Sec. 4117. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 4118. Assistance for community food projects.
    Sec. 4119. Emergency food assistance program.
    Sec. 4120. Nutrition education.
    Sec. 4121. Retail food store and recipient trafficking.
    Sec. 4122. Repeal of denial of benefits for certain drug-related
                                convictions.
    Sec. 4123. Residents of Institutions.
    Sec. 4124. Block grants for Puerto Rico and American Samoa.
    Sec. 4125. Elderly simplified application program.
    Sec. 4126. Amendment to Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023.
    Sec. 4127. Modification of State plan requirement.
    Sec. 4128. Food security and diet quality report.
    Sec. 4129. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
                                study and report.
                  Subtitle B--Commodity Distribution Programs

    Sec. 4201. Commodity distribution program.
    Sec. 4202. Commodity supplemental food program.
    Sec. 4203. Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition
                                projects.
    Sec. 4204. Commodity supplemental food program demonstration project
                                for Tribal organizations.
                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 4301. Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to
                                schools and service institutions.
    Sec. 4302. Food box pilot program.
    Sec. 4303. Nutrition standards for food distribution programs.
    Sec. 4304. Guidance regarding notifying certain students regarding SNAP
                                benefits.
    Sec. 4305. Buy American requirements for certain school meals.
    Sec. 4306. Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive
                                program.
    Sec. 4307. Food loss and waste reduction liaison annual report.
    Sec. 4308. Healthy food financing initiative.
    Sec. 4309. Micro-grants for food security.
    Sec. 4310. Healthy fluid milk incentives projects.
                                TITLE V--CREDIT

                        Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

    Sec. 5101. Persons eligible for real estate loans.
    Sec. 5102. Experience requirements.
    Sec. 5103. Conservation loan and loan guarantee program.
    Sec. 5104. Limitations on amount of farm ownership loans.
    Sec. 5105. Inflation percentage.
    Sec. 5106. Authority of Farm Credit System institutions to provide
                                financial support for essential rural
                                community facilities projects.
    Sec. 5107. Down payment loan program.
    Sec. 5108. Heirs property.
    Sec. 5109. Prompt approval of loans and loan guarantees.
    Sec. 5110. Farmer loan pilot projects.
    Sec. 5111. Refinancing of guaranteed loans into direct loans.
                          Subtitle B--Operating Loans

    Sec. 5201. Persons eligible for operating loans.
    Sec. 5202. Limitations on amount of operating loans.
    Sec. 5203. Limitation on microloan amounts.
    Sec. 5204. Cooperative lending pilot projects.
                          Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

    Sec. 5301. Persons eligible for emergency loans.
                     Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

    Sec. 5401. Beginning farmer and rancher individual development accounts
                                pilot program.
    Sec. 5402. Loan authorization levels.
    Sec. 5403. Loan fund set-asides.
    Sec. 5404. Use of additional funds for direct operating microloans
                                under certain conditions.
                           Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 5501. Export finance authority.
    Sec. 5502. Support for rural water and waste systems.
    Sec. 5503. Farmer loan data collection.
    Sec. 5504. Loan guarantees.
    Sec. 5505. Standards for qualified loans.
    Sec. 5506. State agricultural mediation programs.
    Sec. 5507. Technical corrections.
                          TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

             Subtitle A--Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

    Sec. 6101. Prioritizations for distance learning and telemedicine and
                                community facilities program.
    Sec. 6102. Distance learning and telemedicine loans and grants.
         Subtitle B--Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

    Sec. 6201. Rural broadband program loans and grants.
    Sec. 6202. Expansion of middle mile infrastructure into rural areas.
    Sec. 6203. Innovative broadband advancement program.
    Sec. 6204. Community connect grants.
    Sec. 6205. Rate regulation.
    Sec. 6206. Public notice, assessments, technical assistance, and
                                reporting requirements.
    Sec. 6207. Limitation on overbuilding.
                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 6301. Rural energy savings program.
    Sec. 6302. Regional commission reauthorization.
    Sec. 6303. Promoting precision agriculture.
    Sec. 6304. Food supply chain guaranteed loans.
    Sec. 6305. New, mobile, and expanded meat processing and rendering
                                grants.
    Sec. 6306. Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative.
    Sec. 6307. Technical assistance for geographically underserved and
                                distressed areas.
    Sec. 6308. Establishment of the Rural Development Innovation Center.
    Sec. 6309. Rural Health Liaison report.
    Sec. 6310. Precision Agriculture Task Force amendments.
     Subtitle D--Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural
                                Development Act

    Sec. 6401. Water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grants.
    Sec. 6402. Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.
    Sec. 6403. Zero and low interest loans for distressed water systems.
    Sec. 6404. Tribal college and university essential community
                                facilities.
    Sec. 6405. Emergency and imminent community water assistance grant
                                program.
    Sec. 6406. Water systems for rural and native villages in Alaska.
    Sec. 6407. Rural decentralized water systems.
    Sec. 6408. Assistance to rural entities.
    Sec. 6409. Solid waste management grants.
    Sec. 6410. Rural business development grants.
    Sec. 6411. Rural cooperative development grants.
    Sec. 6412. Lender fees in guaranteed loan programs.
    Sec. 6413. Locally or regionally produced agricultural food products.
    Sec. 6414. Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas program.
    Sec. 6415. Rural economic area partnership zones.
    Sec. 6416. Intermediary relending program.
    Sec. 6417. Rural health care facility assistance.
    Sec. 6418. Elimination of prohibition on use of loans for certain
                                purposes.
    Sec. 6419. Rural Business-Cooperative Service programs technical
                                assistance and training.
    Sec. 6420. National Rural Development Partnership.
    Sec. 6421. Grants for NOAA weather radio transmitters.
    Sec. 6422. Rural microentrepreneur assistance program.
    Sec. 6423. Health care services.
    Sec. 6424. Strategic economic and community development.
    Sec. 6425. Rural innovation stronger economy grant program.
    Sec. 6426. Delta Regional Authority.
    Sec. 6427. Limitation on rural business investment companies controlled
                                by Farm Credit System institutions.
    Sec. 6428. Rural business investment program.
    Sec. 6429. Technical corrections.
    Sec. 6430. Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training
                                programs.
     Subtitle E--Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of
                                      1936

    Sec. 6501. Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for utility
                                infrastructure purposes.
    Sec. 6502. Extension of the rural economic development loan and grant
                                program.
    Sec. 6503. Expansion of 911 access.
              TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

      Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching
                               Policy Act of 1977

    Sec. 7101. National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and
                                Economics Advisory Board.
    Sec. 7102. Specialty crop committee.
    Sec. 7103. Veterinary medicine loan repayment.
    Sec. 7104. Veterinary services grant program.
    Sec. 7105. Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences
                                education.
    Sec. 7106. Agricultural and food policy research centers.
    Sec. 7107. Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and
                                Native Hawaiian serving institutions.
    Sec. 7108. Nutrition education program.
    Sec. 7109. Continuing animal health and disease research programs.
    Sec. 7110. Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant
                                colleges, including Tuskegee University.
    Sec. 7111. Scholarships for students at 1890 Institutions.
    Sec. 7112. Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities
                                at 1890 land-grant colleges, including
                                Tuskegee University.
    Sec. 7113. Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities
                                and equipment and support tropical and
                                subtropical agricultural research at
                                insular area land-grant colleges and
                                universities.
    Sec. 7114. Matching funds requirement for research and extension
                                activities at eligible institutions.
    Sec. 7115. New Beginning for Tribal Students.
    Sec. 7116. Education grants programs for Hispanic-serving institutions.
    Sec. 7117. Binational agricultural research and development.
    Sec. 7118. Grants and partnerships for international agricultural
                                research, extension, and education.
    Sec. 7119. Research equipment grants.
    Sec. 7120. University research.
    Sec. 7121. Extension service.
    Sec. 7122. Supplemental and alternative crops.
    Sec. 7123. Grants for community college agriculture and natural
                                resources programs.
    Sec. 7124. Capacity building grants for NLGCA institutions.
    Sec. 7125. Agriculture advanced research and development authority.
    Sec. 7126. Aquaculture assistance programs.
    Sec. 7127. Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response.
    Sec. 7128. Agriculture and food protection grant program.
    Sec. 7129. Distance education grants for insular areas.
    Sec. 7130. Resident instruction grants for insular areas.
    Sec. 7131. Repeals.
       Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

    Sec. 7201. Sustainable agriculture research and education.
    Sec. 7202. National Genetics Resources Program.
    Sec. 7203. Agricultural genome to phenome initiative.
    Sec. 7204. High-priority research and extension initiatives.
    Sec. 7205. Organic agriculture research and extension initiative.
    Sec. 7206. Farm business management.
    Sec. 7207. Urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production
                                research, education, and extension
                                initiative.
    Sec. 7208. Centers of excellence.
    Sec. 7209. ThinkDIFFERENTLY National AgrAbility Project.
    Sec. 7210. Farming opportunities training and outreach.
    Sec. 7211. National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse.
    Sec. 7212. Repeal.
    Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act
                                    of 1998

    Sec. 7301. National food safety training, education, extension,
                                outreach, and technical assistance program.
    Sec. 7302. Integrated research, education, and extension competitive
                                grants program.
    Sec. 7303. Support for research regarding diseases of wheat, triticale,
                                and barley caused by fusarium graminearum
                                or by tilletia indica.
    Sec. 7304. Grants for youth organizations.
    Sec. 7305. Specialty crop research initiative.
    Sec. 7306. Agriculture grants for veteran education and training
                                services.
    Sec. 7307. Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database program.
    Sec. 7308. Office of Pest Management Policy.
    Sec. 7309. Forestry products advanced utilization research.
    Sec. 7310. Repeals.
             Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

    Sec. 7401. Grazinglands research laboratory.
    Sec. 7402. Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network.
    Sec. 7403. Sun grant program.
    Sec. 7404. Repeals.
                      Subtitle E--Amendments to Other Laws

    Sec. 7501. Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994.
    Sec. 7502. Research Facilities Act.
    Sec. 7503. Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.
    Sec. 7504. Extension design and demonstration initiative.
    Sec. 7505. Biomass research and development.
    Sec. 7506. Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978.
    Sec. 7507. National Aquaculture Act of 1980.
    Sec. 7508. Reports on disbursement of funds for agricultural research
                                and extension at 1862 and 1890 land-grant
                                colleges, including Tuskegee University.
    Sec. 7509. Repeal.
                           Subtitle F--Other Matters

    Sec. 7601. Foundation for food and agriculture research.
    Sec. 7602. Agriculture innovation center demonstration program.
    Sec. 7603. Livestock insects laboratory.
    Sec. 7604. Hatch Act of 1887.
    Sec. 7605. Commission on national agricultural statistics service
                                modernization.
    Sec. 7606. Restoration of 4-H name and emblem authority.
    Sec. 7607. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and
                                Economics.
    Sec. 7608. Agricultural Innovation Corps.
                              TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

            Subtitle A--Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978

    Sec. 8101. Support for State assessments and strategies for forest
                                resources.
    Sec. 8102. Forest Legacy Program technical correction.
    Sec. 8103. State and private forest landscape-scale restoration
                                program.
              Subtitle B--Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

    Sec. 8201. Definition of at-risk community.
    Sec. 8202. Promoting cross-boundary wildfire mitigation.
    Sec. 8203. Authorization of appropriations for hazardous fuel reduction
                                on Federal land.
    Sec. 8204. Water source protection program.
    Sec. 8205. Watershed condition framework technical corrections.
    Sec. 8206. Authorization of appropriations to combat insect
                                infestations and related diseases.
    Sec. 8207. Insect and disease infestation.
    Sec. 8208. Stewardship end result contracting projects.
                      Subtitle C--Other Forestry Programs

    Sec. 8301. National and Regional Agroforestry Centers.
    Sec. 8302. National Forest Foundation Act.
    Sec. 8303. Conveyances and leases of Forest Service administrative
                                sites.
    Sec. 8304. Forest inventory and analysis.
    Sec. 8305. Reforestation, nursery, and seed orchard support.
                         Subtitle D--Forest Management

                   Part I--National Forest System Management

    Sec. 8401. Categorical exclusion for high priority hazard trees.
    Sec. 8402. Collaborative restoration projects.
    Sec. 8403. Wildfire resilience project size.
    Sec. 8404. Fuel breaks in forests and other wildland vegetation.
    Sec. 8405. Greater sage-grouse and mule deer habitat.
                     Part II--Forest Management Activities

    Sec. 8411. No additional consultation required.
    Sec. 8412. Good neighbor authority.
    Sec. 8413. Collaborative forest landscape restoration program.
    Sec. 8414. Public-private wildfire technology deployment and testbed
                                partnership.
    Sec. 8415. Forest Service participation in Experienced Services
                                Program.
    Sec. 8416. Timber sales on National Forest System land.
    Sec. 8417. Permits and agreements with electrical utilities.
    Sec. 8418. Cooperative agreements and contracts for prescribed fire.
    Sec. 8419. Utilizing grazing for wildfire risk reduction.
    Sec. 8420. Joint Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership program.
    Sec. 8421. Tribal Forest Management program technical correction.
                          Part III--Timber Innovation

    Sec. 8431. Community wood facilities program.
    Sec. 8432. Wood innovation grant program.
    Sec. 8433. Forest and wood products data tracker.
    Sec. 8434. Biochar application demonstration project.
                         Subtitle E--Save Our Sequoias

    Sec. 8501. Short title.
    Sec. 8502. Definitions.
    Sec. 8503. Shared stewardship agreement for giant sequoias.
    Sec. 8504. Giant sequoia lands coalition.
    Sec. 8505. Giant sequoia health and resiliency assessment.
    Sec. 8506. Giant sequoia emergency response.
    Sec. 8507. Giant sequoia reforestation and rehabilitation strategy.
    Sec. 8508. Giant sequoia strike teams.
    Sec. 8509. Giant sequoia collaborative restoration grants.
    Sec. 8510. Good neighbor authority for giant sequoias.
    Sec. 8511. Stewardship contracting for giant sequoias.
    Sec. 8512. Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program and Fund.
    Sec. 8513. Authorization of appropriations.
                           Subtitle F--Other Matters

    Sec. 8701. Rural revitalization technologies.
    Sec. 8702. Resource advisory committees.
    Sec. 8703. Accurate hazardous fuels reduction reports.
    Sec. 8704. Special use authorization rental fee waiver.
    Sec. 8705. Charges and fees for harvest of forest botanical products.
    Sec. 8706. Forest Service Legacy Road and Trail Remediation Program
                                transparency.
    Sec. 8707. Direct hire authority.
    Sec. 8708. Improving the emergency forest restoration program.
                                TITLE IX--ENERGY

    Sec. 9001. Definition of advanced biofuel.
    Sec. 9002. Biobased markets program.
    Sec. 9003. Biorefinery assistance.
    Sec. 9004. Bioproduct labeling report.
    Sec. 9005. Bioenergy program for advanced biofuels.
    Sec. 9006. Biodiesel Fuel Education Program.
    Sec. 9007. Rural Energy for America Program.
    Sec. 9008. Feedstock flexibility.
    Sec. 9009. Biomass Crop Assistance Program.
    Sec. 9010. Carbon utilization and biogas education program.
    Sec. 9011. Study on effects of solar panel installations on covered
                                farmland.
    Sec. 9012. Limitation on USDA funding for ground mounted solar systems.
            TITLE X--HORTICULTURE, MARKETING, AND REGULATORY REFORM

                            Subtitle A--Horticulture

    Sec. 10001. Plant pest and disease management and disaster prevention.
    Sec. 10002. Specialty crop block grants.
    Sec. 10003. Specialty crops market news allocation.
    Sec. 10004. Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production.
    Sec. 10005. National plant diagnostics network.
    Sec. 10006. Hemp production.
    Sec. 10007. Pilot Program for the Intra-Organizational Movement of
                                Genetically Engineered Microorganisms by
                                Certain Authorized Parties.
                             Subtitle B--Marketing

    Sec. 10101. Marketing orders.
    Sec. 10102. Local agriculture market program.
    Sec. 10103. Acer access and development program.
    Sec. 10104. Organic production and market data initiative.
    Sec. 10105. Organic certification.
    Sec. 10106. National organic certification cost-share program.
    Sec. 10107. Report on procurement.
                         Subtitle C--Regulatory Reform

          Part I--Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

    Sec. 10201. Exclusion of certain substances.
    Sec. 10202. Coordination.
    Sec. 10203. Interagency working group.
    Sec. 10204. Uniformity of Pesticide Labeling Requirements.
    Sec. 10205. Authority of States.
                  Part II--Other Regulatory Reform Provisions

    Sec. 10211. Multiple crop and pesticide use survey.
    Sec. 10212. Critical minerals.
    Sec. 10213. Safe harbor for certain discharges of wildland fire
                                chemicals.
    Sec. 10214. Science Advisory Board of the Environmental Protection
                                Agency.
    Sec. 10215. Office of Biotechnology Policy.
                            TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

    Sec. 11001. Specialty Crop Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 11002. Identification of holders of substantial interests.
    Sec. 11003. Actuarial soundness of certain new products.
    Sec. 11004. Coverage of revenue losses.
    Sec. 11005. Supplemental and aggregate coverage enhancements.
    Sec. 11006. Limitation on farm program participation.
    Sec. 11007. Limitation on interest accrual.
    Sec. 11008. Crop insurance support for beginning and veteran farmers
                                and ranchers.
    Sec. 11009. Marketability.
    Sec. 11010. Reinsurance.
    Sec. 11011. Revenue insurance.
    Sec. 11012. Pilot program to review effectiveness of coverage penalty.
    Sec. 11013. Program compliance and integrity.
    Sec. 11014. Reviews, compliance, and integrity.
    Sec. 11015. Whole Farm improvements.
    Sec. 11016. Research and development priorities.
                      TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                    Subtitle A--Livestock and Other Animals

                      Part I--Animal Health and Production

    Sec. 12001. Animal disease prevention and management.
    Sec. 12002. Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program review and report.
    Sec. 12003. Dog detection training center.
    Sec. 12004. Regionalization, zoning, and compartmentalization
                                agreements.
    Sec. 12005. Importation of live dogs.
    Sec. 12006. Sheep production and marketing grant program.
    Sec. 12007. Ensuring the free movement of livestock-derived products in
                                interstate commerce.
    Sec. 12008. Report on support for livestock and poultry producers
                                during a foreign animal disease outbreak.
              Part II--Meat and Poultry Processing and Inspection

    Sec. 12111. Amplifying Processing of Livestock in the United States (A-
                                PLUS).
    Sec. 12112. Hazard analysis and critical control point guidance and
                                resources for small and very small poultry
                                and meat establishments.
    Sec. 12113. Outreach on cooperative interstate shipment.
    Sec. 12114. Pilot program to support custom slaughter establishments.
        Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994

    Sec. 12201. Office of Homeland Security.
    Sec. 12202. Farm Service Agency.
    Sec. 12203. Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement.
    Sec. 12204. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
    Sec. 12205. Burden of proof for national appeals division hearings.
    Sec. 12206. Termination of authority.
    Sec. 12207. Functions of the Office of Tribal Relations.
    Sec. 12208. Office of the Ombudsman.
                         Subtitle C--National Security

    Sec. 12301. Agricultural foreign investment disclosure improvements.
    Sec. 12302. Report on agricultural land purchasing activities in the
                                United States by countries designated as
                                state sponsors of terrorism and certain
                                other countries.
    Sec. 12303. Investigative actions.
    Sec. 12304. Digitization and consolidation of foreign land ownership
                                data collection and publication.
                   Subtitle D--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

    Sec. 12401. Thrifty food plan.
    Sec. 12402. Establishment of dietary guidelines.
    Sec. 12403. Organic or non-organic Whole milk permissible.
    Sec. 12404. Commission on Farm Transitions--Needs for 2050.
    Sec. 12405. Report on personnel.
    Sec. 12406. Improvements to United States Drought Monitor.
    Sec. 12407. Agricultural fiber products trust fund.
    Sec. 12408. Reports on land access and farmland ownership data
                                collection.
    Sec. 12409. Increasing transparency regarding detention of imported
                                plants.
    Sec. 12410. Enhancement of pet protections.
    Sec. 12411. Protecting animals with shelter.
    Sec. 12412. Report on available assistance to agricultural producers in
                                the State of Texas that have suffered
                                economic losses due to the failure of
                                Mexico to deliver water.
    Sec. 12413. Experienced services program.
    Sec. 12414. Agricultural Labor Survey.
    Sec. 12415. Extension of Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
                                Determination Act of 2000.
    Sec. 12416. Commodity futures trading commission whistleblower program.
    Sec. 12417. Qualified renewable biomass.

    SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

        In this Act:
                (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the
            Department of Agriculture.
                (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.

                              TITLE I--COMMODITIES

                          Subtitle A--Commodity Policy

    SEC. 1101. REFERENCE PRICES.

        Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``September 30, 2013''
            and inserting ``September 30, 2024''; and
                (2) in paragraph (19)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``$5.50'' and
                    inserting ``$6.35'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``$3.70'' and
                    inserting ``$4.10'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``$3.95'' and
                    inserting ``$4.40'';
                        (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``$4.95'' and
                    inserting ``$5.45'';
                        (E) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``$2.40'' and
                    inserting ``$2.65'';
                        (F) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``$14.00'' and
                    inserting ``$16.90'';
                        (G) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``$14.00'' and
                    inserting ``$16.90'';
                        (H) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``$8.40'' and
                    inserting ``$10.00'';
                        (I) in subparagraph (I), by striking ``$20.15'' and
                    inserting ``$23.75'';
                        (J) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``$535.00''
                    and inserting ``$630.00'';
                        (K) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``$11.00'' and
                    inserting ``$13.10'';
                        (L) in subparagraph (L), by striking ``$19.97'' and
                    inserting ``$23.75'';
                        (M) in subparagraph (M), by striking ``$19.04'' and
                    inserting ``$22.65'';
                        (N) in subparagraph (N), by striking ``$21.54'' and
                    inserting ``$25.65''; and
                        (O) in subparagraph (O), by striking ``$0.367'' and
                    inserting ``$0.42''.

    SEC. 1102. 1-TIME OPPORTUNITY TO ADD BASE ACRES.

        Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012) is
    amended:
                (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
        ``(a) 1-time Opportunity to Add Base Acres.--
                ``(1) In general.--
                        ``(A) Notice of opportunity to add base acres.--As
                    soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the
                    Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the
                    Secretary shall provide notice to the owners of a farm
                    regarding the allocation of base acres to such farm in
                    the manner provided in this subsection.
                        ``(B) Content of notice.--The notice under
                    subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
                                ``(i) Information that the allocation is
                            occurring.
                                ``(ii) Information regarding the
                            eligibility of the farm for an allocation of
                            base acres under paragraph (2).
                                ``(iii) Information on how an owner may
                            appeal a determination of ineligibility for an
                            allocation of base acres under paragraph (2)
                            through an appeals process established by the
                            Secretary.
                        ``(C) Opt-out.--An owner of a farm that is eligible
                    to receive an allocation of base acres may elect to not
                    receive such allocation by notifying the Secretary.
                ``(2) Eligibility.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (E),
                    effective beginning with the 2025 crop year, a farm is
                    eligible to receive an allocation of base acres if,
                    with respect to such farm, the amount described in
                    subparagraph (B) exceeds the amount described in
                    subparagraph (C).
                        ``(B) 5-year average sum.--The amount described in
                    this subparagraph is, with respect to a farm, the sum
                    of--
                                ``(i) the 5-year average of--
                                        ``(I) the acreage planted on the
                                    farm to all covered commodities for
                                    harvest, grazing, haying, silage or
                                    other similar purposes for the 2019
                                    through 2023 crop years; and
                                        ``(II) any acreage on the farm that
                                    the producers were prevented from
                                    planting during the 2019 through 2023
                                    crop years to covered commodities
                                    because of drought, flood, or other
                                    natural disaster, or other condition
                                    beyond the control of the producers, as
                                    determined by the Secretary; plus
                                ``(ii) the lesser of the following:
                                        ``(I) 15 percent of the total acres
                                    on the farm.
                                        ``(II) The 5-year average of--
                                                ``(aa) the acreage planted
                                            on the farm to eligible non-
                                            covered commodities for
                                            harvest, grazing, haying,
                                            silage, or other similar
                                            purposes for the 2019 through
                                            2023 crop years; and
                                                ``(bb) any acreage on the
                                            farm that the producers were
                                            prevented from planting during
                                            the 2019 through 2023 crop
                                            years to eligible non-covered
                                            commodities because of drought,
                                            flood, or other natural
                                            disaster, or other condition
                                            beyond the control of the
                                            producers, as determined by the
                                            Secretary.
                        ``(C) Total number of base acres for covered
                    commodities.--The amount described in this subparagraph
                    is, with respect to a farm, the total number of base
                    acres for covered commodities on the farm (excluding
                    unassigned crop base), as in effect on September 30,
                    2024.
                        ``(D) Acreage planted on the farm to eligible non-
                    covered commodities defined.--In this paragraph, the
                    term `acreage planted on the farm to eligible non-
                    covered commodities' means acreage planted on a farm to
                    commodities other than covered commodities, trees,
                    bushes, vines, grass, or pasture (including cropland
                    that was idle or fallow), as determined by the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(E) Effect of no recent plantings of covered
                    commodities.--In the case of a farm for which the
                    amount determined under clause (i) of subparagraph (B)
                    is equal to zero, such farm shall be ineligible to
                    receive an allocation of base acres under this
                    subsection.
                ``(3) Eligible acres.--Subject to paragraph (5), the acres
            eligible for allocation to base acres--
                        ``(A) shall be equal to the difference obtained by
                    subtracting the amount determined under subparagraph
                    (C) of paragraph (2) from the amount determined under
                    subparagraph (B) of such paragraph; and
                        ``(B) shall include unassigned crop base.
                ``(4) Allocation of acres.--
                        ``(A) Allocation.--For the purpose of applying this
                    subsection to covered commodities, the Secretary shall
                    allocate the eligible acres under paragraph (3) among
                    those covered commodities planted on the farm at any
                    time during the 2019 through 2023 crop years.
                        ``(B) Allocation formula.--The allocation of
                    eligible acres to base acres for covered commodities
                    shall be in proportion to the ratio of--
                                ``(i) the 5-year average of--
                                        ``(I) the acreage planted on the
                                    farm to each covered commodity for
                                    harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or
                                    other similar purposes for the 2019
                                    through 2023 crop years; and
                                        ``(II) any acreage on the farm that
                                    the producers were prevented from
                                    planting during the 2019 through 2023
                                    crop years to that covered commodity
                                    because of drought, flood, or other
                                    natural disaster, or other condition
                                    beyond the control of the producers, as
                                    determined by the Secretary; to
                                ``(ii) the 5-year average determined under
                            paragraph (2)(B)(i).
                        ``(C) Inclusion of all 5 years in average.--For the
                    purpose of determining a 5-year acreage average under
                    subparagraph (B) for a farm, the Secretary shall not
                    exclude any crop year in which a covered commodity was
                    not planted.
                        ``(D) Treatment of multiple planting or prevented
                    planting.--For the purpose of determining under
                    subparagraph (B) the acreage on a farm that producers
                    planted or were prevented from planting during the 2019
                    through 2023 crop years to covered commodities, if the
                    acreage that was planted or prevented from being
                    planted was devoted to another covered commodity in the
                    same crop year (other than a covered commodity produced
                    under an established practice of double cropping), the
                    owner may elect the commodity to be used for that crop
                    year in determining the 5-year average, but may not
                    include both the initial commodity and the subsequent
                    commodity.
                        ``(E) Limitation.--The allocation of eligible acres
                    to base acres among covered commodities on a farm under
                    this paragraph may not result in a total number of base
                    acres for the farm in excess of the total number of
                    acres on the farm.
                ``(5) Reduction by the secretary.--In carrying out this
            subsection, if the total number of eligible acres allocated to
            base acres across all farms in the United States under this
            subsection would exceed 30,000,000 acres, the Secretary shall
            apply an across the board, pro-rata reduction to the number of
            eligible acres to ensure the number of allocated base acres
            under this subsection is equal to 30,000,000 acres.
                ``(6) Payment yield.--Beginning with crop year 2025, for
            the purpose of making price loss coverage payments under
            section 1116, the Secretary shall establish payment yields to
            base acres allocated under this subsection equal to--
                        ``(A) the payment yield established on the farm for
                    the applicable covered commodity; and
                        ``(B) if no such payment yield for the applicable
                    covered commodity exists, a payment yield--
                                ``(i) equal to the average payment yield
                            for the covered commodity for the county in
                            which the farm is situated; or
                                ``(ii) determined pursuant to section
                            1113(c).
                ``(7) Treatment of new owners.--In the case of a farm for
            which the owner on the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food,
            and National Security Act of 2024 was not the owner for the
            2019 crop year, the Secretary shall use the planting history of
            the prior owner or owners of such farm for purposes of
            determining eligibility under paragraph (2), eligible acres
            under paragraph (3), and the allocation of acres under
            paragraph (4).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``Notwithstanding the
            election made under subsection (a), the'' and inserting
            ``The'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Notwithstanding the
            election made under subsection (a), if'' and inserting ``If'';
            and
                (4) in subsection (d)(3)(A), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 1103. PRODUCER ELECTION.

        Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``and for'' and inserting ``,
                    for''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``, and for the 2025 through 2029
                    crop years (subject to subsection (h))'' after
                    ``(subject to subsection (h))''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    striking ``2014 crop year or the 2019 crop year, as
                    applicable'' and inserting ``2014 crop year, 2019 crop
                    year, or 2025 crop year, as applicable'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2014 crop year
                    or the 2019 crop year, as applicable,'' and inserting
                    ``2014 crop year, 2019 crop year, or 2025 crop year, as
                    applicable,''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) the same coverage for each covered commodity
                    on the farm for the 2026 through 2029 crop years as was
                    applicable for the 2024 crop year.''.

    SEC. 1104. PRICE LOSS COVERAGE.

        Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)(B)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking
                    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``2024'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 1105. AGRICULTURE RISK COVERAGE.

        Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9017) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``2014 through 2018 crop years or the 2019
            through 2023 crop years, as applicable'' and inserting ``2014
            through 2018 crop years, 2019 through 2023 crop years, or 2025
            through 2029 crop years, as applicable'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``for each of
                    2014 through 2024 crop years and 90 percent of the
                    benchmark revenue for each of 2025 through 2029 crop
                    years'' before the period at the end;
                        (B) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                        (C) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                                (i) in the heading, by striking ``2023''
                            and inserting ``2029''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                            ``2029'';
                        (D) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                (3) by amending subsection (d)(1)(B) to read as follows:
                        ``(B)(i) for each of the crop years 2014 through
                    2024, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop
                    year applicable under subsection (c); and
                                ``(ii) for each of the crop years 2025
                            through 2029, 12.5 percent of the benchmark
                            revenue for the crop year applicable under
                            subsection (c).'';
                (4) in subsection (e), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (5) in subsection (g)(5), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

                          Subtitle B--Marketing Loans

    SEC. 1201. LOAN RATES FOR NONRECOURSE MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS.

        (a) Availability of Nonrecourse Loans.--Section 1201(b)(1) of the
    Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (b) Loan Rates.--Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9032) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``2023''
                    and inserting ``2024'';
                        (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2024'';
                (2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections
            (d) and (e), respectively;
                (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
        ``(c) 2025 Through 2029 Crop Years.--For purposes of each of the
    2025 through 2029 crop years, the loan rate for a marketing assistance
    loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity shall be equal to the
    following:
                ``(1) In the case of wheat, $3.72 per bushel.
                ``(2) In the case of corn, $2.42 per bushel.
                ``(3) In the case of grain sorghum, $2.42 per bushel.
                ``(4) In the case of barley, $2.75 per bushel.
                ``(5) In the case of oats, $2.20 per bushel.
                ``(6) In the case of base quality of upland cotton, $0.55
            per pound.
                ``(7) In the case of extra long staple cotton, $1.00 per
            pound.
                ``(8) In the case of long grain rice, $7.70 per
            hundredweight.
                ``(9) In the case of medium grain rice, $7.70 per
            hundredweight.
                ``(10) In the case of soybeans, $6.82 per bushel.
                ``(11) In the case of other oilseeds, $11.10 per
            hundredweight for each of the following kinds of oilseeds:
                        ``(A) Sunflower seed.
                        ``(B) Rapeseed.
                        ``(C) Canola.
                        ``(D) Safflower.
                        ``(E) Flaxseed.
                        ``(F) Mustard seed.
                        ``(G) Crambe.
                        ``(H) Sesame seed.
                        ``(I) Other oilseeds designated by the Secretary.
                ``(12) In the case of dry peas, $6.87 per hundredweight.
                ``(13) In the case of lentils, $14.30 per hundredweight.
                ``(14) In the case of small chickpeas, $11.00 per
            hundredweight.
                ``(15) In the case of large chickpeas, $15.40 per
            hundredweight.
                ``(16) In the case of graded wool, $1.60 per pound.
                ``(17) In the case of nongraded wool, $0.55 per pound.
                ``(18) In the case of mohair, $5.00 per pound.
                ``(19) In the case of honey, $1.50 per pound.
                ``(20) In the case of peanuts, $390 per ton.''; and
                (4) by amending subsection (e) (as so redesignated) to read
            as follows:
        ``(e) Special Rule for Seed Cotton and Corn.--
                ``(1) In general.--For purposes of section 1116(b)(2) and
            paragraphs (1)(B)(ii) and (2)(A)(ii)(II) of section 1117(b),
            the loan rate shall be deemed to equal--
                        ``(A) for seed cotton, $0.30 per pound; and
                        ``(B) for corn, $3.30 per bushel.
                ``(2) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection authorizes any
            nonrecourse marketing assistance loan under this subtitle for
            seed cotton.''.

    SEC. 1202. REPAYMENT RATES FOR UPLAND COTTON, LONG GRAIN RICE, AND
                  MEDIUM GRAIN RICE.

        (a) In General.--Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9034) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by inserting ``(subject to subsection (j))'' after
            ``section 1201 for upland cotton''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph
                    (3); and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) a formula to determine the prevailing world market
            price for upland cotton that, during any period which price
            quotations for Middling (M) one and three-thirty-second inch
            cotton are available, is based on the average of the 3 lowest-
            priced growths that are quoted; and''.
        (b) Flexibility for Seasonal Loan Redemptions.--Section 1204 of the
    Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is further amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(j) Reimbursement for Upland Cotton.--In the case of a marketing
    assistance loan under section 1201 for upland cotton that is repaid by
    a producer on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection,
    the Secretary shall provide a reimbursement to such producer in an
    amount equal to the difference obtained by subtracting--
                ``(1) the amount the producer would have paid under such
            loan using the lowest prevailing world market price during the
            30-day period beginning on the date on which such loan was
            repaid, from
                ``(2) the amount repaid by the producer.''.

    SEC. 1203. REPAYMENT RATES FOR EXTRA LONG STAPLE COTTON.

        Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is
    further amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking ``shall be at the'' and inserting
                    the following: ``shall be the lesser of--
                ``(1) the'';
                        (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting
                    ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) the prevailing world market price for the commodity,
            as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with
            this section.'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``upland cotton'' and inserting
                    ``extra long staple cotton''; and
                        (B) by striking ``and'' at the end; and
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the heading, by inserting ``Extra Long
                    Staple Cotton,'' after ``Upland Cotton,''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the heading, by inserting ``upland''
                            before ``cotton''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''.
                        (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph
                    (4); and
                        (D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) Extra long staple cotton.--The prevailing world
            market price for extra long staple cotton determined under
            subsection (d)--
                        ``(A) shall be adjusted to United States quality
                    and location, with the adjustment to include the
                    average costs to market the commodity, including
                    average transportation costs, as determined by the
                    Secretary; and
                        ``(B) may be further adjusted, during the period
                    beginning on the date of enactment of this paragraph
                    and ending on July 31, 2030, if the Secretary
                    determines the adjustment is necessary--
                                ``(i) to minimize potential loan
                            forfeitures;
                                ``(ii) to minimize the accumulation of
                            stocks of extra long staple cotton by the
                            Federal Government;
                                ``(iii) to ensure that extra long staple
                            cotton produced in the United States can be
                            marketed freely and competitively, both
                            domestically and internationally; and
                                ``(iv) to ensure an appropriate transition
                            between current-crop and forward-crop price
                            quotations, except that the Secretary may use
                            forward-crop price quotations prior to July 31
                            of a marketing year only if--
                                        ``(I) there are insufficient
                                    current-crop price quotations; and
                                        ``(II) the forward-crop price
                                    quotation is the lowest such quotation
                                    available.''.

    SEC. 1204. MODIFICATIONS TO STORAGE CREDITS.

        Section 1204(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(g))
    is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Effective'' and inserting the following:
                ``(1) Crop years 2014 through 2024.--Effective'';
                (2) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2024''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Payment of cotton storage costs.--Effective for each
            of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make
            cotton storage payments for upland cotton and extra long staple
            cotton available in the same manner as the Secretary provided
            storage payments for the 2006 crop of upland cotton, except
            that the payment rate shall be equal to the lesser of--
                        ``(A) the submitted tariff rate for the current
                    marketing year; or
                        ``(B) in the case of storage in--
                                ``(i) California or Arizona, a payment rate
                            of $4.90; and
                                ``(ii) any other State, a payment rate of
                            $3.00.''.

    SEC. 1205. ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE FOR TEXTILE MILLS.

        Section 1207(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C.
    9037(c)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) Value of assistance.--The value of the assistance
            provided under paragraph (1) shall be--
                        ``(A) for the period beginning on August 1, 2013,
                    and ending on July 31, 2024, 3 cents per pound; and
                        ``(B) beginning on August 1, 2024, 5 cents per
                    pound.''.

                               Subtitle C--Sugar

    SEC. 1301. LOAN RATE MODIFICATIONS.

        Section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
    of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2024''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) 24.00 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of
            the 2025 through 2029 crop years.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                            ``2024''; and
                                (ii) by striking the period at the end and
                            inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) a rate that is equal to 136.55 percent of the loan
            rate per pound of raw cane sugar under subsection (a)(6) for
            each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.''.

    SEC. 1302. ADJUSTMENTS TO COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION STORAGE RATES.

        Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
    of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
        ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for
    the 2025 crop year and each subsequent crop year thereafter, the
    Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of
    forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than--
                ``(1) in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per
            hundredweight per month; and
                ``(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per
            hundredweight per month.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``Subsequent'' and
                    inserting ``Prior''; and
                        (B) by striking ``and subsequent'' and inserting
                    ``through 2024''.

    SEC. 1303. MODERNIZING BEET SUGAR ALLOTMENTS.

        (a) Allocation to Processors.--Section 359c(g)(2) of the
    Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2)) is
    amended--
                (1) by striking ``In'' and inserting ``(A) in general.--
            Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Exception.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A),
                    if the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under
                    paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet
                    sugar processors the Secretary shall give priority to
                    such processors with available sugar.''.
        (b) Timing of Reassignment.--Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural
    Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``If'' and inserting ``(A) in general.--
            If'';
                (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as
            clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Timing.--In carrying out this paragraph, the
                    Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) make an initial determination
                            following the publication of the World
                            Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates
                            (WASDE) by the World Agricultural Outlook Board
                            for the month of January that is applicable to
                            the crop year for which allotments are
                            required; and
                                ``(ii) provide for an initial reassignment
                            under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30
                            days after the announcement of such WASDE.''.

    SEC. 1304. REALLOCATIONS OF TARIFF RATE QUOTA SHORTFALL.

        Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C.
    1359kk) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Reallocation.--
                ``(1) Initial reallocation.--Subject to paragraph (3),
            following the establishment of the tariff-rate quotas under
            subsection (a), the United States Trade Representative, in
            consultation with the Secretary, shall--
                        ``(A) determine which countries do not intend to
                    fill their allocation for the quota year; and
                        ``(B) reallocate any forecasted shortfall as soon
                    as practicable.
                ``(2) Subsequent reallocation.--Subject to paragraph (3),
            not later than March 1 of a quota year, the United States Trade
            Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, shall
            reallocate any additional forecasted shortfall in the
            fulfillment of the minimum tariff-rate quotas for raw cane
            sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for that quota year.
                ``(3) Early cessation of effectiveness.--Paragraphs (1) and
            (2) shall not apply if--
                        ``(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing
                    Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico (C-201-846) is
                    terminated; and
                        ``(B) the countervailing duty order on sugar from
                    Mexico is revoked.
        ``(d) Refined Sugar.--
                ``(1) Study required.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and
                    National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall
                    carry out a study on whether additional terms and
                    conditions with respect to refined sugar imports are
                    necessary and appropriate.
                        ``(B) Elements.--In conducting the study required
                    by subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall examine the
                    following:
                                ``(i) The need for:
                                        ``(I) Defining `refined sugar' as
                                    having a minimum polarization of 99.8
                                    degrees or higher.
                                        ``(II) Establishing a standard for
                                    color or reflectance based units for
                                    refined sugar such as those utilized by
                                    the International Commission of Uniform
                                    Methods of Sugar Analysis.
                                        ``(III) Prescribing specifications
                                    for packaging type for refined sugar.
                                        ``(IV) Prescribing specifications
                                    for transportation modes for refined
                                    sugar.
                                        ``(V) Requiring affidavits or other
                                    evidence that sugar imported as refined
                                    will not undergo further refining in
                                    the United States.
                                        ``(VI) Prescribing appropriate
                                    terms and conditions to avoid the
                                    circumvention of United States law
                                    relative to any sugar imports.
                                        ``(VII) requiring other additional
                                    definitions, terms and conditions, or
                                    other requirements.
                                ``(ii) The potential impact of each of
                            subclauses (I) through (VII) of clause (i) on
                            the domestic sugar industry.
                                ``(iii) Whether, based on the need
                            described in clause (i) and the impact
                            described in clause (ii), additional terms and
                            conditions are appropriate.
                        ``(C) Consultation.--In conducting the study
                    required by paragraph (A), the Secretary shall consult
                    with representatives of the domestic sugar industry,
                    users of refined sugar, and relevant State and Federal
                    agencies.
                        ``(D) Report.--Not later than one year after the
                    date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to the
                    Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    includes the findings of the study required under
                    subparagraph (A).
                ``(2) Establishment of additional terms and conditions
            permitted.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Based on the findings in the
                    report submitted under paragraph (1)(D), the Secretary
                    may establish through the rulemaking authorized under
                    subparagraph (B) such additional terms and conditions
                    after providing notice to the Committee on Agriculture
                    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
                        ``(B) Promulgation of regulations.--The Secretary
                    may issue regulations to establish and implement any
                    additional terms and conditions determined necessary
                    and appropriate pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), so long
                    as such regulations--
                                ``(i) do not have an adverse impact on the
                            domestic sugar industry; and
                                ``(ii) are consistent with the requirements
                            of this part, section 156 of the Federal
                            Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
                            (7 U.S.C. 7272), and obligations under
                            international trade agreements that have been
                            approved by Congress.
                ``(3) Domestic sugar industry.--In this subsection, the
            term `domestic sugar industry' means domestic--
                        ``(A) sugar beet producers and processors;
                        ``(B) producers and processors of sugar cane; and
                        ``(C) refiners of raw cane sugar.''.

    SEC. 1305. CLARIFICATION OF TARIFF RATE QUOTA ADJUSTMENTS.

        Section 359k(b)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7
    U.S.C. 1359kk(b)(1)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Before'' and inserting ``Notwithstanding
            any other provision of law, before''; and
                (2) by striking ``if there is an'' and inserting ``for the
            sole purpose of responding directly to an''.

                               Subtitle D--Dairy

    SEC. 1401. DAIRY MARGIN COVERAGE PRODUCTION HISTORY.

        (a) Definition.--Section 1401(8) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9051(8)) is amended by striking ``when the participating dairy
    operation first registers to participate in dairy margin coverage''.
        (b) Production History of Participating Dairy Operations.--Section
    1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
        ``(a) Production History.--Except as provided in subsection (b),
    the production history of a dairy operation for dairy margin coverage
    is equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating
    dairy operation during any one of the 2021, 2022, or 2023 calendar
    years.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                        (B) by striking ``Operations'' in the subsection
                    heading and all that follows through ``In the case'' in
                    the matter preceding subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1)
                    and inserting the following: ``Operations.--In the
                    case''; and
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
                    paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, and indenting
                    appropriately.

    SEC. 1402. PREMIUMS FOR DAIRY MARGINS.

        (a) Tier I.--Section 1407(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9057(b)) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``5,000,000'' and inserting
            ``6,000,000''; and
                (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5,000,000'' and
            inserting ``6,000,000''.
        (b) Tier II.--Section 1407(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9057(c)) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``5,000,000'' and inserting
            ``6,000,000''; and
                (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5,000,000'' and
            inserting ``6,000,000''.
        (c) Premium Discounts.--Section 1407(g) of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(g)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting
                    ``2025 through 2029''; and
                        (B) by striking ``January 2019'' and inserting
                    ``January 2025''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 1403. MANDATORY REPORTING OF DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING COSTS.

        Section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C.
    1637b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) for each manufacturer required to report
                    under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that
                    manufacturer to report production cost and product
                    yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for
                    all products processed in the same facility or
                    facilities.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``products
                    and'' after ``those'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Electronic Reporting'' and inserting ``Reporting'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the heading, by striking
                            ``Electronic reporting'' and inserting
                            ``Reporting''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``this section'' and
                            inserting in its place ``subparagraphs (A) and
                            (B) of subsection (b)(1)'';
                        (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``this section''
                    and inserting in its place ``subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                    of subsection (b)(1)''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Dairy product processing costs.--Not later than 3
            years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every
            2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report
            containing the information obtained under subparagraph (C) of
            subsection (b)(1).''.

    SEC. 1404. CLASS I SKIM MILK PRICE.

        (a) In General.--Section 8c(5)(A) of the Agricultural Adjustment
    Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(5)(A)), reenacted with amendments by the
    Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, is amended by striking
    the third sentence and inserting ``For the period beginning on the
    earlier of the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of
    the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 and the date on which
    the Announcement of Advanced Prices and Pricing Factors is first
    published after such date of enactment and ending on the effective date
    of a modification by amendment to the order involved, for purposes of
    determining prices for milk of the highest use classification, the
    Class I skim milk price per hundredweight specified in section
    1000.50(b) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor
    regulations), shall be the sum of the adjusted Class I differential
    specified in section 1000.52 of such title 7 (or successor
    regulations), plus the adjustment to Class I prices specified in
    sections 1005.51(b), 1006.51(b), and 1007.51(b) of such title 7 (or
    successor regulations), plus the higher of the advanced pricing factors
    computed in sections 1000.50(q)(1) and 1000.50(q)(2) of such title 7
    (or successor regulations).''.
        (b) Implementation.--Implementation of the amendment made by
    subsection (a) shall not be subject to any of the following:
                (1) The notice and comment provisions of section 553 of
            title 5, United States Code.
                (2) The notice and hearing requirements of section 8c(3) of
            the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(3)), reenacted
            with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of
            1937.
                (3) The order amendment requirements of section 8c(17) of
            that Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(17)).
                (4) A referendum under section 8c(19) of that Act (7 U.S.C.
            608c(19)).

    SEC. 1405. EXTENSIONS.

        (a) Forward Pricing.--Section 1502 of the Food, Conservation, and
    Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772) is amended by striking subsection
    (e).
        (b) Indemnity Program.--Section 3 of Public Law 90-484 (7 U.S.C.
    4553) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (c) Promotion and Research.--Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy
    Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended
    by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 1406. DAIRY REPORTS.

        Section 301 of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7
    U.S.C. 4514) is amended by striking ``Not later'' and all that follows
    through ``an annual report,'' and inserting ``With respect to each
    calendar year beginning after the date of the enactment of the Farm,
    Food, and National Security Act of 2024, a report (which shall be
    submitted not later than 18 months after the last day of such calendar
    year)''.

       Subtitle E--Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs

    SEC. 1501. LIVESTOCK INDEMNITY PAYMENT RATES.

        (a) In General.--Section 1501(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9081(b)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Payment rates.--
                        ``(A) Losses due to predation.--Indemnity payments
                    to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph
                    (1)(A) shall be made at a rate of 100 percent of the
                    market value of the affected livestock on the
                    applicable date, as determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Losses due to adverse weather or disease.--
                    Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm
                    under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be
                    made at a rate of 75 percent of the market value of the
                    affected livestock on the applicable date, as
                    determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(C) Determination of market value.--The Secretary
                    shall determine the market value described in
                    paragraphs (A) and (B)--
                                ``(i) in coordination with the
                            Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing
                            Service;
                                ``(ii) using other appropriate resources,
                            as determined by the Secretary; and
                                ``(iii) on a quarterly basis.
                        ``(D) Applicable date defined.--In this paragraph,
                    the term `applicable date' means, with respect to
                    livestock, as applicable--
                                ``(i) the day before the date of death of
                            the livestock; or
                                ``(ii) the day before the date of the event
                            that caused the harm to the livestock that
                            resulted in a reduced sale price.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Additional payment for unborn livestock.--
                        ``(A) In general.--In the case of unborn livestock
                    death losses incurred on or after January 1, 2024, the
                    Secretary shall make an additional payment to eligible
                    producers on farms that have incurred such losses in
                    excess of the normal mortality due to a condition
                    specified in paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Payment rate.--Additional payments under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be made at a rate--
                                ``(i) determined by the Secretary; and
                                ``(ii) less than or equal to 85 percent of
                            the payment rate established with respect to
                            the lowest weight class of the livestock, as
                            determined by the Secretary, acting through the
                            Administrator of the Farm Service Agency.
                        ``(C) Payment amount.--The amount of a payment to
                    an eligible producer that has incurred unborn livestock
                    death losses shall be equal to the payment rate
                    determined under subparagraph (B) multiplied, in the
                    case of livestock described in--
                                ``(i) subparagraph (A), (B), or (F) of
                            subsection (a)(4), by 1;
                                ``(ii) subparagraph (D) of such subsection,
                            by 2;
                                ``(iii) subparagraph (E) of such
                            subsection, by 12; and
                                ``(iv) subparagraph (G) of such subsection,
                            by the average number of birthed animals (for
                            one gestation cycle) for the species of each
                            such livestock, as determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(D) Unborn livestock death losses defined.--In
                    this paragraph, the term `unborn livestock death
                    losses' means losses of any livestock described in
                    subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or (G) of
                    subsection (a)(4) that was gestating on the date of the
                    death of the livestock.''.
        (b) Determination of Losses.--
                (1) Livestock indemnity program.--In determining livestock
            death losses in excess of the normal mortality for purposes of
            livestock indemnity payments under section 1501(b) of the
            Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(b)), the Secretary
            shall--
                        (A) with respect to eligible animal attacks by
                    animals or avian predators treat documentation showing
                    probability or confirmation of such an attack as
                    sufficient to qualify for a payment under such program;
                    and
                        (B) calculate normal mortality as the numerical
                    amount, computed by a percentage, as established for
                    the area by the Farm Service Agency State Committee, of
                    expected livestock deaths by category (except that such
                    amount shall not include attacks by animals
                    reintroduced into the wild by the Federal Government or
                    protected by Federal law, including wolves and avian
                    predators), that normally occur during a calendar year
                    for a producer.
                (2) Livestock forage program.--In determining grazing
            losses for covered livestock under the livestock forage program
            section under 1501(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C.
            9081(c)), the Secretary shall provide eligible livestock
            producers not less than 90 days after the calendar year in
            which such grazing losses occurred to submit a completed
            application for assistance and the required supporting
            documentation relating to such losses.
                (3) Revision of regulations.--The Secretary shall issue or
            revise regulations in accordance with this section and the
            amendment made by this section, including sections 1416.302 and
            1416.305 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect
            on the date of the enactment of this Act).
        (c) Codification of Bovine Weight Categories.--For purposes of
    determining payments under subsection (b) of section 1501 of the
    Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) with respect to livestock
    described in subsection (a)(4)(A) of such section, the Secretary shall
    use the following:
                (1) Weight categories of either less than 400 pounds or 400
            pounds or more.
                (2) Such other weight categories as the Secretary
            determines appropriate, except that such weight categories may
            only be set at an amount that is greater than 400 pounds.

    SEC. 1502. EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FOR HONEYBEES.

        In determining honeybee colony losses eligible for assistance under
    section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)), the
    Secretary shall review the normal mortality rate used for the
    calculation of such assistance and adjust such rate as necessary to not
    include losses caused by colony collapse disorder, as determined by the
    Secretary.

    SEC. 1503. TREE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 1501(e)(1) of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(1)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or biennial'' after
            ``annual''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or pest'' after
            ``insect''.
        (b) Lowering Mortality Threshold.--Section 1501(e) of the
    Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``15 percent (adjusted
            for normal mortality)'' and inserting ``normal mortality'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking ``15 percent
            mortality (adjusted for normal mortality)'' and inserting
            ``normal mortality''; and
                (3) in paragraph (3)(B)--
                        (A) by striking ``50 percent'' and inserting ``65
                    percent''; and
                        (B) by striking ``15 percent damage or mortality
                    (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality)'' and
                    inserting ``normal tree damage or mortality''.
        (c) Assistance.--Section 1501(e)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014
    (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(3)) is amended in the matter before subparagraph (A)
    by striking ``and (5)'' and inserting ``, (5), and (6)''.
        (d) Requirements With Respect to Assistance.--Section 1501(e) of
    the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(6) Timing requirements.--An eligible orchardist or
            nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of
            assistance under this subsection, to replant new trees and
            salvage existing trees for which such assistance is provided
            not later than--
                        ``(A) 12 months after the application for such
                    assistance is approved; or
                        ``(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A)
                    is not adequate for tree survival, at such time as is
                    necessary to ensure tree survival.
                ``(7) Alternatives used in replanting.--
                        ``(A) In general.--An eligible orchardist or
                    nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this
                    subsection with respect to tree loss may use such
                    assistance to replant using--
                                ``(i) an alternative variety;
                                ``(ii) an alternative stand density; and
                                ``(iii) an alternative location.
                        ``(B) Limitations with respect to alternatives.--
                    The assistance provided by the Secretary to eligible
                    orchardists and nursery tree growers for losses
                    described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of
                    subparagraph (A), may not be greater than the amount
                    the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would
                    receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree
                    grower planted the variety or stand density lost or
                    planted in the location in which the loss occurred, as
                    applicable.''.
        (e) Deadline for Application Status.--Section 1501(e) of the
    Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9801(e)) is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Deadline for application status.--Not later than 120
            days after receiving an application for assistance under this
            subsection, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) approve or deny such application; and
                        ``(B) notify the applicant of such approval or
                    denial.''.

    SEC. 1504. ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF BLOCK GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Subtitle E of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
    U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 1502. ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF BLOCK GRANTS.

        ``(a) In General.--In the case additional funds made available
    after the date of the enactment of this section for covered losses, the
    Secretary may make assistance for such losses available in the form of
    block grants.
        ``(b) Covered Losses.--In this section, the term `covered losses'
    means losses--
                ``(1) of revenue, quality, or production of crops, trees,
            bushes, vines, poultry or livestock as a consequence of a
            natural disaster (as determined by the Secretary); and
                ``(2) for which assistance is not available pursuant to any
            other Federal law.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Agricultural
    Act of 2014 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section
    1501 the following:

    ``1502. Assistance in the form of block grants.''.

                           Subtitle F--Administration

    SEC. 1601. SUSPENSION OF PERMANENT PRICE SUPPORT AUTHORITY.

        Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 1602. IMPLEMENTATION.

        Section 1614 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking the period at
                    the end and adding ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) establish a system that provides producers the option
            to repay a marketing assistance loan under section 1204 during
            a lapse in appropriations regardless of whether an employee of
            the Department is on furlough.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Farm, food, and national security act of 2024.--The
            Secretary shall make available to the Farm Service Agency to
            carry out titles I and XI of the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2024 and the amendments made by those titles
            $50,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which--
                        ``(A) $15,000,000 shall be used to carry out the
                    mandatory cost surveys required by paragraph (3) of
                    section 273(d) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of
                    1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b(d)), as added by the Farm, Food,
                    and National Security Act of 2024;
                        ``(B) not less than $5,000,000 shall be used to
                    carry out paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection
                    (b);
                        ``(C) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities
                    described in paragraph (3)(A); and
                        ``(D) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities
                    described in paragraph (3)(B).''.

    SEC. 1603. EQUITABLE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ENTITIES.

        (a) In General.--Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7
    U.S.C. 1308) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Qualified pass through entity.--The term `qualified
            pass through entity' means--
                        ``(A) a partnership (within the meaning of
                    subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code
                    of 1986);
                        ``(B) a limited liability company that does not
                    affirmatively elect to be treated as a corporation;
                        ``(C) an S corporation (as defined in section 1361
                    of such Code); or
                        ``(D) a joint venture or general partnership.'';
                    and
                (2) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking ``except a
            joint venture or general partnership'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``except a qualified pass through entity''.
        (b) Attribution of Payments.--Section 1001(e)(3)(B)(ii) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii)) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``joint ventures and
            general partnerships'' and inserting ``qualified pass through
            entities'';
                (2) by striking ``joint venture or a general partnership''
            and inserting ``qualified pass through entity'';
                (3) by striking ``joint ventures and general partnerships''
            and inserting ``qualified pass through entities''; and
                (4) by striking ``joint venture or general partnership''
            and inserting ``qualified pass through entity''.
        (c) Exclusion From AGI Calculation.--Section 1001D(d) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(d)) is amended by striking ``,
    general partnership, or joint venture'' both places it appears.

    SEC. 1604. PAYMENT LIMITATION.

        Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308) is
    further amended--
                (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``The'' and inserting
            ``Subject to subsection (i), the'';
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``The'' and inserting
            ``Subject to subsection (i), the''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Limitations for Certain Operations.--
                ``(1) In general.--Beginning with the 2025 crop year, in
            the case of a person or legal entity (except a qualified pass
            through entity) for which greater than or equal to 75 percent
            of the average adjusted gross income of such person or legal
            entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture
            activities, subsections (b) and (c) shall apply by substituting
            `$155,000' for `$125,000' each place it appears.
                ``(2) Adjustment.--The Secretary shall annually adjust the
            amount substituted under paragraph (1) for inflation based on
            the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers published by
            the Department of Labor.
                ``(3) Farming, ranching, or silviculture activities.--In
            this subsection, the term `farming, ranching, or silviculture
            activities' includes agri-tourism, direct-to-consumer marketing
            of agricultural products, the sale of agricultural equipment
            owned by such person or legal entity, and other agricultural-
            related activities, as determined by the Secretary.''.

    SEC. 1605. ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME LIMITATION.

        Section 1001D(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-
    3a(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``paragraph (3)'' and
            inserting ``paragraphs (3) and (4)''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Exception.--
                        ``(A) In general.--In the case of an excepted
                    payment or benefit, the limitation established by
                    paragraph (1) shall not apply to a person or legal
                    entity during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as
                    appropriate, if greater than or equal to 75 percent of
                    the average adjusted gross income of the person or
                    legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or
                    silviculture activities (as described in section
                    1001(i)).
                        ``(B) Excepted payment or benefit.--For purposes of
                    this paragraph, the term `excepted payment or benefit'
                    means--
                                ``(i) a payment or benefit under subtitle E
                            of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7
                            U.S.C. 9081 et seq.);
                                ``(ii) a payment or benefit under section
                            196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and
                            Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333); and
                                ``(iii) beginning October 1, 2024, a
                            payment or benefit described in paragraph
                            (2)(C).''.

    SEC. 1606. STORAGE FACILITY LOANS.

        Section 1614(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
    (7 U.S.C. 8789(a)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``funds for producers'' and inserting the
            following: ``funds for--
                ``(1) producers''; and
                (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) producers to construct or upgrade storage facilities
            for propane that is primarily used for agricultural production
            (as such term is defined in section 4279.2 of title 7, Code of
            Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment
            of this paragraph)).''.

    SEC. 1607. STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS.

        Subtitle C of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law
    113-79) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 1302. STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS.

        ``(a) In General.--With respect to any Federal policy that would
    impact the administration of this subtitle, the amendments made by this
    subtitle, or any rule, policy, or guidance issued pursuant to such
    subtitle or amendments, the preservation and strengthening of the
    domestic production described in subsection (b) shall be a priority
    objective of the President.
        ``(b) Domestic Production Described.--The domestic production
    described in this subsection is the production of an agricultural
    commodity--
                ``(1) covered under this subtitle or an amendment made by
            this subtitle; and
                ``(2) from which a food ingredient that serves an important
            function throughout the domestic food production supply chain
            is derived.''.

    SEC. 1608. LIMITATION ON CCC AUTHORITY.

        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 5 of the Commodity Credit
    Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c), during fiscal years 2025
    through 2034, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to use its
    general powers only to carry out operations as the Congress may
    specifically authorize or provide for.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be
    construed to impact funds obligated before the date of the enactment of
    this Act.

                             TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                            Subtitle A--Definitions

    SEC. 2001. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3801(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``subtitles A through I:'' and inserting ``subtitles A through
            J:'';
                (2) in paragraph (14), by striking ``term `Indian tribe'
            has the meaning given the term'' and inserting ``terms `Indian
            tribe' and `Indian Tribe' have the meaning given those terms'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraph (20) through (27) as
            paragraphs (22) through (29), respectively; and
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (19) the following:
                ``(20) Precision agriculture.--The term `precision
            agriculture' means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or
            livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer,
            chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial
            and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste,
            and maintain environmental quality.
                ``(21) Precision agriculture technology.--The term
            `precision agriculture technology' means any technology
            (including equipment that is necessary for the deployment of
            such technology) that directly contributes to a reduction in,
            or improved efficiency of, inputs used in crop or livestock
            production, including--
                        ``(A) Global Positioning System-based or geospatial
                    mapping technology;
                        ``(B) satellite or aerial imagery technology;
                        ``(C) yield monitors;
                        ``(D) soil mapping technology;
                        ``(E) sensors for gathering data on crop, soil, or
                    livestock conditions;
                        ``(F) Internet of Things and telematics
                    technologies;
                        ``(G) data management software and advanced
                    analytics;
                        ``(H) network connectivity products and solutions;
                        ``(I) Global Positioning System guidance or auto-
                    steer systems;
                        ``(J) variable rate technology for applying inputs,
                    such as section control; and
                        ``(K) any other technology, as determined by the
                    Secretary, that directly contributes to a reduction in,
                    or improved efficiency of, the use of crop or livestock
                    production inputs, which may include seed, feed,
                    fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time.''.

                    Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program

    SEC. 2101. DEFINITIONS.

        Subchapter B of chapter 1 of title XII of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) is amended by inserting before section
    1231 the following:

    ``SEC. 1230. DEFINITIONS.

        ``In this subchapter:
                ``(1) Conservation buffer.--The term `conservation buffer'
            means a practice that, once established, provides a benefit to
            water quality or another resource concern, including--
                        ``(A) a grass sod waterway;
                        ``(B) a contour grass sod strip;
                        ``(C) a prairie strip;
                        ``(D) a filterstrip;
                        ``(E) a field border;
                        ``(F) a living snow fence;
                        ``(G) a riparian buffer;
                        ``(H) a shelterbelt or windbreak;
                        ``(I) a wetland or a wetland buffer (including a
                    buffer for prairie potholes, a playa, or a pocosin);
                        ``(J) a saturated buffer;
                        ``(K) a bioreactor;
                        ``(L) a wellhead protection area; and
                        ``(M) other similar practices, as determined by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(2) Conservation reserve plan.--The term `conservation
            reserve plan' means a plan for land enrolled in the
            conservation reserve under a contract entered into under this
            subchapter that--
                        ``(A) covers the full term of the contract;
                        ``(B) details the practices to be implemented under
                    the contract and a schedule for establishment,
                    evaluation, and monitoring of the applicable vegetative
                    cover;
                        ``(C) prescribes and schedules management to be
                    conducted on the established cover throughout the term
                    of the contract;
                        ``(D) sets forth the commercial use, if any, to be
                    permitted on the land during the term of the contract;
                    and
                        ``(E) may be modified, with the approval of the
                    Secretary, when necessary to achieve the purposes of
                    the program.
                ``(3) Conservation reserve program.--The term `conservation
            reserve program' means the conservation reserve program
            established under this subchapter.
                ``(4) Continuous enrollment option.--The term `continuous
            enrollment option' means the continuous enrollment option
            offered under section 1231(d)(1)(B).
                ``(5) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means land
            that is authorized to be included in the conservation reserve
            program under section 1231(b).
                ``(6) Eligible partner.--The term `eligible partner'
            means--
                        ``(A) a State;
                        ``(B) a political subdivision of a State;
                        ``(C) an Indian Tribe; or
                        ``(D) a nongovernmental organization.
                ``(7) General enrollment option.--The term `general
            enrollment option' means the general enrollment option offered
            under section 1231(d)(1)(A).
                ``(8) Grasslands enrollment option.--The term `grasslands
            enrollment option' means the grasslands enrollment option
            offered under section 1231(d)(1)(C).
                ``(9) Land capability class.--The term `land capability
            class' means a soil classification assigned using the land
            capability classification system in effect on December 23,
            1985.
                ``(10) Partnership initiatives enrollment option.--The term
            `partnership initiatives enrollment option' means the
            partnership initiatives enrollment option offered under section
            1231(d)(1)(D).''.

    SEC. 2102. CONSERVATION RESERVE.

        (a) In General.--Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(a) In General.--Through the 2029 fiscal year, the Secretary
    shall formulate and carry out a conservation reserve program in each
    State, to the maximum extent practicable, under which eligible land is
    enrolled in the conservation reserve through the use of contracts to
    assist owners and operators of such land with the establishment and
    maintenance of permanent cover for the purposes of--
                ``(1) conserving and improving the soil, water, and
            wildlife resources of such land; and
                ``(2) addressing resource concerns raised by Tribal, State,
            regional, and national conservation initiatives.''.
        (b) Eligible Land.--Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Eligible Land.--The Secretary may include in the conservation
    reserve program the following, in accordance with subsection (d)(1):
                ``(1) Cropland that--
                        ``(A)(i) on a field level, consists of not less
                    than 85 percent soils with a dryland cropland land
                    capability class of III through VII; or
                        ``(ii) cannot be farmed in accordance with a plan
                    that complies with the requirements of subtitle B; and
                        ``(B) the Secretary determines had a cropping
                    history or was considered to be planted for not fewer
                    than 4 of the 6 years preceding the date of enactment
                    of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024.
                ``(2) Cropland (including prairie potholes, playas, and
            pocosins within cropland), grasslands, and marginal pasture
            land (including marginal pastureland converted to wetland or
            established as wildlife habitat) to be--
                        ``(A) devoted to conservation buffers;
                        ``(B) established to ecologically appropriate
                    vegetation, including trees, in or near riparian areas,
                    intermittent, seasonal, or perennial streams, wetlands
                    (including prairie potholes, playas, and pocosins), or
                    saline-impaired soils; or
                        ``(C) devoted to similar water quality or wildlife
                    habitat practices.
                ``(3) Grasslands that--
                        ``(A) contain forbs or shrubland (including
                    improved rangeland and pastureland) for which grazing
                    is the predominant use;
                        ``(B) are located in an area historically dominated
                    by grasslands; and
                        ``(C) could provide habitat for animal and plant
                    populations of significant ecological value if the land
                    is retained in its current use or restored to a natural
                    condition.
                ``(4) Land described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) that
            will address significant water quality, water conservation, and
            wildlife habitat concerns, as proposed by an eligible partner
            and agreed to by the Secretary for purposes of section 1231A.
                ``(5) The portion of land in a field not enrolled in the
            conservation reserve in a case in which--
                        ``(A) more than 50 percent of the land in the field
                    is enrolled as a buffer or filterstrip, or more than 75
                    percent of the land in the field is enrolled as a
                    conservation practice other than as a buffer or
                    filterstrip; and
                        ``(B) the Secretary determines that the remainder
                    of the field is infeasible to farm.''.
        (c) Planting Status of Certain Land.--Section 1231(c) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(c)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(c) Planting Status of Certain Land.--
                ``(1) In general.--For purposes of determining the
            eligibility of land to be enrolled in the conservation reserve
            established under this subchapter, land shall be considered to
            be planted to an agricultural commodity during a crop year if,
            during the crop year, the land was devoted to a conserving use.
                ``(2) Multi-year grasses and legumes.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subchapter,
                    alfalfa and other multi-year grasses and legumes in a
                    rotation practice, approved by the Secretary, shall be
                    considered agricultural commodities.
                        ``(B) Cropping history.--Alfalfa, when grown as
                    part of a rotation practice, as determined by the
                    Secretary, is an agricultural commodity subject to the
                    cropping history criteria under subsection (b)(1)(B)
                    for the purpose of determining whether eligible
                    cropland has been planted or considered planted for 4
                    of the 6 years referred to in such subsection.''.
        (d) Enrollment.--Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(d) Enrollment.--
                ``(1) Enrollment options.--The Secretary shall offer
            enrollment in the conservation reserve under this subchapter
            through the following enrollment options:
                        ``(A) A general enrollment option, for eligible
                    land described in subsection (b)(1).
                        ``(B) A continuous enrollment option, for eligible
                    land described in subsection (b)(2) and any associated
                    eligible land described in subsection (b)(5).
                        ``(C) A grassland enrollment option, for eligible
                    land described in subsection (b)(3).
                        ``(D) A partnership initiatives enrollment option,
                    for eligible land described in subsection (b)(4), and
                    any associated eligible land described in subsection
                    (b)(5), that is to be enrolled pursuant to an agreement
                    entered into under section 1231A(b).
                ``(2) Method of enrollment.--
                        ``(A) General enrollment option.--In enrolling
                    eligible land under the general enrollment option, the
                    Secretary shall make the conservation reserve program
                    available to owners or operators of eligible land on an
                    annual enrollment basis with one or more ranking
                    periods.
                        ``(B) Continuous enrollment option.--In enrolling
                    eligible land under the continuous enrollment option,
                    the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve
                    program available to owners or operators of eligible
                    land on a continuous basis.
                        ``(C) Grasslands enrollment option.--In enrolling
                    eligible land under the grasslands enrollment option,
                    the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve
                    program available to owners or operators of eligible
                    land on an annual enrollment basis with one or more
                    ranking periods.
                        ``(D) Partnership initiatives enrollment option.--
                    In enrolling eligible land under the partnership
                    initiatives enrollment option, the Secretary shall make
                    the conservation reserve program available to owners or
                    operators of eligible land using the methods and
                    processes for enrollment described in the applicable
                    agreement under section 1231A(b)(2)(A).
                ``(3) Maximum acreage enrolled.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may maintain in
                    the conservation reserve at any one time during fiscal
                    years 2025 through 2029 not more than 27,000,000 acres.
                        ``(B) Grasslands.--For purposes of applying the
                    limitations in subparagraph (A)--
                                ``(i) the Secretary shall enroll and
                            maintain in the conservation reserve not fewer
                            than 8,000,000 acres of the land described in
                            subsection (b)(3) by September 30, 2029; and
                                ``(ii) in carrying out clause (i), to the
                            maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall
                            maintain in the conservation reserve at any one
                            time during--
                                        ``(I) fiscal year 2025, 6,000,000
                                    acres;
                                        ``(II) fiscal year 2026, 7,000,000
                                    acres; and
                                        ``(III) fiscal years 2027 through
                                    2029, 8,000,000 acres.''.
        (e) Term of Contract.--Section 1231(e) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(e) Term of Contract.--The term of a contract under this
    subchapter shall be--
                ``(1) 10 years for a contract entered into pursuant to the
            general enrollment option or the grasslands enrollment option;
                ``(2) not fewer than 10 years nor more than 15 years, as
            determined by the Secretary, for a contract entered into
            pursuant to the continuous enrollment option or the partnership
            initiatives enrollment option; and
                ``(3) notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), upon request
            of the owner or operator of eligible land, not fewer than 10
            years nor more than 30 years, as determined by the Secretary,
            for a contract to enroll eligible land devoted to conservation
            buffers that improve water quality by reducing sediment
            loadings, nutrient loadings, and harmful algal blooms.''.
        (f) Conservation Priority Areas.--Section 1231(f) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(f)) is amended by striking
    paragraph (4).
        (g) Reenrollment; Provisions for Land Established to Trees.--
    Section 1231 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831) is
    amended by striking subsections (g) through (i) and inserting the
    following:
        ``(g) Reenrollment.--
                ``(1) Eligibility for consideration.--During the final year
            of the term of a contract entered into under this subchapter,
            the land subject to the contract shall be eligible to be
            considered for reenrollment in the conservation reserve in
            accordance with paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Requirement.--The eligibility of land for
            reenrollment in the conservation reserve shall be subject to
            the land meeting the applicable requirements of subsection (b).
        ``(h) Provisions for Land Established to Trees.--
                ``(1) Restricted trees.--In this subsection, the term
            `restricted tree' means a pine tree, other than a shortleaf
            pine (Pinus echinata) or a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris).
                ``(2) Reenrollment.--
                        ``(A) Prohibition for restricted trees.--
                    Notwithstanding subsection (g), land subject to a
                    contract entered into under this subchapter that is
                    established predominately to restricted trees is not
                    eligible to be considered for reenrollment in the
                    conservation reserve.
                        ``(B) Limitation on other trees.--Notwithstanding
                    subsection (g), land subject to a contract entered into
                    under this subchapter that is established predominately
                    to trees that are not restricted trees is eligible to
                    be considered for reenrollment in the conservation
                    reserve in accordance with such subsection only if the
                    land--
                                ``(i) is devoted to shelterbelts, riparian
                            forest buffers, or trees of high conservation
                            value, as determined by the Secretary; or
                                ``(ii) consists of forested wetlands.
                ``(3) Subsequent enrollment.--Land that has previously been
            subject to a contract entered into under this subchapter, and
            which was established predominately to restricted trees during
            the term of such contract, may be subsequently enrolled in the
            conservation reserve in accordance with subsection (d) only
            if--
                        ``(A) the restricted trees have been harvested; and
                        ``(B) the new enrollment is for establishment of a
                    permanent cover other than restricted trees.''.

    SEC. 2103. PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES.

        (a) Partnership Initiatives.--Section 1231A of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended in the header by striking
    ``conservation reserve enhancement program'' and inserting
    ``partnership initiatives''.
        (b) In General.--Section 1231A(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831a(a)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish the conservation
    reserve enhancement program and the State acres for wildlife
    enhancement program under this subchapter in order to leverage Federal
    and non-Federal funds to--
                ``(1) target specific State, regional, or nationally
            significant conservation concerns; and
                ``(2) restore critical wildlife habitat.''.
        (c) Agreements.--Section 1231A(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831a(b)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Agreements.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into or modify
            an agreement with an eligible partner to carry out the
            conservation reserve enhancement program or the State acres for
            wildlife enhancement program, within a defined geographic
            area--
                        ``(A) to assist in enrolling eligible land in the
                    conservation reserve under this subchapter; and
                        ``(B) that the Secretary determines will advance
                    the purposes of this subchapter.
                ``(2) Contents.--
                        ``(A) In general.--An agreement entered into or
                    modified under paragraph (1) shall describe--
                                ``(i) 1 or more specific State or
                            nationally significant resource concerns to be
                            addressed by the agreement;
                                ``(ii) quantifiable environmental goals for
                            addressing the concerns under clause (i);
                                ``(iii) a suitable acreage goal for
                            enrollment of eligible land under the
                            agreement, as determined by the Secretary;
                                ``(iv) the location of eligible land to be
                            enrolled in the project area identified under
                            the agreement;
                                ``(v) the payments to be offered by the
                            Secretary and eligible partner to an owner or
                            operator;
                                ``(vi) an appropriate list of conservation
                            reserve program conservation practices that are
                            appropriate to meeting the concerns described
                            under clause (i), as determined by the
                            Secretary in consultation with eligible
                            partners; and
                                ``(vii) methods and processes for
                            enrollment of eligible land under the
                            agreement, as determined by the Secretary in
                            consultation with the eligible partner.
                        ``(B) CREP matching requirements.--An agreement
                    entered into or modified under paragraph (1) to carry
                    out the conservation reserve enhancement program
                    shall--
                                ``(i) subject to clause (ii), require the
                            eligible partner to provide matching funds--
                                        ``(I) in an amount determined
                                    during a negotiation between the
                                    Secretary and 1 or more eligible
                                    partners, if the majority of the
                                    matching funds to carry out the
                                    agreement are provided by 1 or more
                                    eligible partners that are not
                                    nongovernmental organizations; or
                                        ``(II) in an amount not less than
                                    30 percent of the cost required to
                                    carry out the conservation measures and
                                    practices described in the agreement,
                                    if a majority of the matching funds to
                                    carry out the agreement are provided by
                                    1 or more nongovernmental
                                    organizations; and
                                ``(ii) include procedures to allow for a
                            temporary waiver of the matching requirements
                            under clause (i), or continued enrollment with
                            a temporary suspension of incentives or
                            eligible partner contributions for new
                            agreements, during a period when an eligible
                            partner loses the authority or ability to
                            provide matching contributions, if the
                            Secretary determines that the temporary waiver
                            or continued enrollment with a temporary
                            suspension will advance the purposes of this
                            subchapter.''.
        (d) Payments.--Section 1231A(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831a(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``under a CREP'' and
            inserting ``under a contract entered into pursuant to an
            agreement under this section'';
                (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``under a CREP'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``under a contract entered into
            pursuant to an agreement under this section'';
                (3) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``reserve''
                    after ``consistent with the conservation''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``The amount
                    of payments received by'' and inserting ``The amount of
                    payments made by the Secretary to''.
        (e) Forested Riparian Buffer Practice.--Section 1231A(d) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(d)) is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(d) Forested Riparian Buffer Practice.--In the case of an
    agreement under subsection (b)(1) that includes forested riparian
    buffers as an eligible practice, the Secretary shall allow an owner or
    operator--
                ``(1) to plant food-producing woody plants in the forested
            riparian buffers, on the conditions that--
                        ``(A) the plants shall contribute to the
                    conservation of soil, water quality, and wildlife
                    habitat; and
                        ``(B) the planting shall be consistent with--
                                ``(i) recommendations of the applicable
                            State technical committee established under
                            section 1261(a); and
                                ``(ii) technical guide standards approved
                            by the Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                            and
                ``(2) to harvest from plants described in paragraph (1), on
            the conditions that--
                        ``(A) the harvesting shall not damage the
                    conserving cover or otherwise have a negative impact on
                    the conservation concerns targeted by the agreement;
                        ``(B) only native plant species appropriate to the
                    region shall be used within 35 feet of the watercourse;
                    and
                        ``(C) the producer shall be subject to a reduction
                    in the rental rate commensurate to the value of the
                    crop harvested.''.
        (f) Drought and Water Conservation Agreements.--Section 1231A(e) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(e)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``In
            the case of an agreement under subsection (b)(1) to address
            regional drought concerns, in accordance with the conservation
            purposes of the CREP'' and inserting ``In the case of an
            agreement under the conservation reserve enhancement program to
            address regional drought concerns, in accordance with the
            conservation purposes of the agreement''; and
                (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``notwithstanding
            subsection (a)(2)'' and inserting ``notwithstanding section
            1230(4)''.
        (g) Status Report.--Section 1231A of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended by striking subsection (f).

    SEC. 2104. DUTIES OF OWNERS AND OPERATORS.

        Section 1232 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3832) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a plan'' and
                    inserting ``a conservation reserve plan'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``highly erodible
                    cropland'' and inserting ``eligible land'';
                        (C) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) by striking ``undertake'' and inserting
                            ``conduct''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``conservation plan'' and
                            inserting ``conservation reserve plan''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``conservation
                    reserve'' before ``program''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (b) and redesignating subsection
            (c) as subsection (b).

    SEC. 2105. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

        (a) Cost-Share and Rental Payments.--Section 1233(a)(2)(A) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(a)(2)(A)) by striking
    ``highly erodible cropland, marginal pastureland, or other eligible
    lands'' and inserting ``eligible land''.
        (b) Specified Activities Permitted.--Section 1233(b) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)--
                        (A) in subclause (I)(cc), by inserting
                    ``conservation reserve'' before ``program'';
                        (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``if payments
                    are authorized for a county under the livestock forage
                    disaster program under clause (ii) of section
                    1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C.
                    9081(c)(3)(D))'' and inserting ``if an owner or
                    operator has received a payment under the livestock
                    forage disaster program under clause (ii) of section
                    1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C.
                    9081(c)(3)(D)) in the fiscal year during which the
                    emergency grazing is conducted''; and
                        (C) in subclause (V), by striking ``under
                    paragraphs (4) and (5) of section 1231(b)'' and
                    inserting ``under a contract entered into pursuant to
                    the continuous enrollment option or the partnership
                    initiatives enrollment option''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(B)(ii)--
                        (A) by amending subclause (I) to read as follows:
                                        ``(I) In general.--Except as
                                    provided in subclause (II), haying or
                                    grazing described in paragraph (1)
                                    shall not be permitted on land covered
                                    by a contract entered into pursuant to
                                    the partnership initiatives enrollment
                                    option.''; and
                        (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``conservation
                    reserve enhancement program agreement or other
                    partnership agreement entered into under this
                    subchapter'' and inserting ``agreement entered into
                    under section 1231A''.
        (c) Resource Conserving Use.--Section 1233(d) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(d))--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Beginning on the date
            that is 1 year before the date of termination of a contract
            under the program'' and inserting ``During the final year of
            the term of a contract entered into under this subchapter'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``Conservation
                    plan'' and inserting ``Conservation reserve plan''; and
                        (B) by striking ``a conservation plan'' and
                    inserting ``a conservation reserve plan''; and
                (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Limitation.--Land improved under paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) shall not be eligible to be considered for
                    reenrollment in the conservation reserve under section
                    1231(g), notwithstanding paragraph (1) of such section;
                    and
                        ``(B) may not be subsequently enrolled in the
                    conservation reserve before the date that is 5 years
                    after the date of expiration of the contract.''.
        (d) Natural Disaster or Adverse Weather as Mid-contract
    Management.--Section 1233(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
    U.S.C. 3833(e)) is amended by inserting ``reserve'' after
    ``conservation''.
        (e) Allocation to States.--Section 1233 of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Allocation to States.--The Secretary shall allocate acres to
    States for enrollment of eligible land in the conservation reserve
    under this subchapter, based--
                ``(1) primarily on the proportion of eligible land in each
            State relative to the total acreage of eligible land in all
            States; and
                ``(2) also on consideration of--
                        ``(A) historical State enrollment rates;
                        ``(B) the extent and magnitude in each State of the
                    conservation needs and of the impact of agricultural
                    production on water quality, water quantity, wetlands,
                    and wildlife habitat;
                        ``(C) the degree to which implementation of the
                    conservation reserve program in each State is, or will
                    be, effective in helping producers address such needs
                    and mitigate such impact; and
                        ``(D) equitable geographic distribution of acres,
                    as determined by the Secretary.''.

    SEC. 2106. PAYMENTS.

        (a) Cost Sharing Payments.--Section 1234(b) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) In general.--In making cost sharing payments to an
            owner or operator under a contract entered into under this
            subchapter, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of,
            as the Secretary determines appropriate and in the public
            interest--
                        ``(A) establishing permanent vegetation, including
                    site preparation, cover, fertilizer, seeding, and
                    planting;
                        ``(B) carrying out erosion control practices
                    necessary to stabilize the site for vegetation
                    established under subparagraph (A);
                        ``(C) installing fencing to protect riparian areas
                    and buffers;
                        ``(D) carrying out water development practices
                    associated with excluding livestock from protected
                    riparian areas;
                        ``(E) installing fencing and carrying out water
                    development practices to facilitate transition to
                    livestock grazing on lands enrolled under the
                    grasslands enrollment option;
                        ``(F) conducting the necessary and appropriate mid-
                    contract management activities to maintain the
                    permanent cover and associated benefits; and
                        ``(G) carrying out other water quality conservation
                    measures and practices.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in the heading, by inserting ``or
                            haying'' after ``grazing''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``for grazing livestock
                            or harvesting hay'' before ``pursuant to''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``made by the
                    Secretary'' before ``under this subchapter'';
                (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``the conservation
            reserve enhancement program under section 1231A'' and inserting
            ``section 1231A''; and
                (4) by striking paragraph (4).
        (b) Incentive Payments.--Section 1234(c) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(c)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(c) Incentive Payments.--
                ``(1) Practice incentives for continuous practices.--In
            addition to the cost sharing payment described in subsection
            (b), the Secretary shall make a practice incentive payment to
            an owner or operator of eligible land enrolled under the
            continuous enrollment option, or of eligible land described in
            section 1231(b)(2) (and any associated eligible land described
            in section 1231(b)(5)) and enrolled under the partnership
            initiatives enrollment option, in an amount not to exceed 50
            percent of the actual cost of establishing all measures and
            practices described in subsection (b)(1), including seed costs
            related to the establishment of cover, as determined by the
            Secretary.
                ``(2) Sign-up incentives for qualifying practices.--
                        ``(A) Authorization.--In addition to the annual
                    rental payment under subsection (d), the Secretary may
                    make an incentive payment to an owner or operator for
                    enrolling environmentally sensitive eligible land in
                    the conservation reserve to implement or establish a
                    qualifying practice.
                        ``(B) Payment.--The Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) for purposes of subparagraph (A),
                            establish an incentive payment amount for each
                            contract with an owner or operator that does
                            not exceed 50 percent of the first annual
                            rental payment made to the owner or operator
                            under subsection (d) for the eligible land; and
                                ``(ii) make any incentive payment under
                            subparagraph (A) concurrent with such first
                            annual rental payment.
                        ``(C) Qualifying practice.--In this paragraph, the
                    term `qualifying practice' means a practice the
                    implementation or establishment of which is appropriate
                    to encourage on environmentally sensitive eligible
                    land--
                                ``(i) as determined by the Secretary, in
                            consultation with the applicable State
                            technical committee, for environmentally
                            sensitive eligible land enrolled under the
                            continuous enrollment option; or
                                ``(ii) as identified in an agreement under
                            section 1231A, for environmentally sensitive
                            eligible land enrolled pursuant to such
                            agreement.
                ``(3) Forest management incentive payments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Using funds made available under
                    section 1241(a)(1)(A), the Secretary may make incentive
                    payments to an owner or operator of eligible land in an
                    amount sufficient to encourage proper thinning and
                    other practices to improve the condition of resources,
                    promote forest management, or enhance wildlife habitat
                    on the land.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--A payment described in
                    subparagraph (A) may not exceed 100 percent of the
                    total cost of thinning and other practices conducted by
                    the owner or operator.
                        ``(C) Reduction.--The Secretary shall reduce the
                    amount of a payment under subparagraph (A) by an amount
                    that is equal to any income received by the owner or
                    operator as a result of the thinning or other practice,
                    as determined by the Secretary.''.
        (c) Annual Rental Payments.--
                (1) In general.--Section 1234(d)(1) of the Food Security
            Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(1)) is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``highly erodible cropland or other
                    eligible lands'' each place it appears and inserting
                    ``eligible land''; and
                        (B) by striking ``the program established by this
                    subchapter'' and inserting ``the conservation reserve
                    program''.
                (2) Methods of determination.--Section 1234(d)(2) of the
            Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(2)) is amended--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(B) Multiple enrollments.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding
                            subparagraph (A), if land subject to a contract
                            entered into under this subchapter is
                            reenrolled pursuant to section 1231(g), the
                            annual rental payment shall be in an amount
                            that is not more than the applicable percentage
                            of the relevant county average soil rental rate
                            for the year in which the reenrollment occurs
                            (as determined under paragraph (4)(E)).
                                ``(ii) Applicable percentage.--For purposes
                            of clause (i), the applicable percentage shall
                            be--
                                        ``(I) for the first reenrollment
                                    that occurs after the date of enactment
                                    of the Farm, Food, and National
                                    Security Act of 2024, 85 percent; and
                                        ``(II) for each subsequent
                                    reenrollment, the percentage that is 10
                                    percentage points less than the
                                    percentage that was applicable to the
                                    preceding reenrollment.
                                ``(iii) Partnership initiatives.--The
                            limitations on annual rental payments under
                            clauses (i) and (ii) may be waived or modified
                            as part of the negotiation between the
                            Secretary and an eligible partner to enter into
                            an agreement under section 1231A.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``subparagraph
                    (A)'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (A) and (B)''; and
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (D).
                (3) Acceptance of contract offers.--Section 1234(d)(3) of
            the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(3)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) Natural resource considerations.--In
                    determining the acceptability of contract offers, the
                    Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) with the advice of the applicable
                            State technical committee, take into
                            consideration the extent to which enrollment of
                            the land that is the subject of the contract
                            offer would improve soil resources, water
                            quality, or wildlife habitat or provide other
                            environmental benefits; and
                                ``(ii) ensure, to the maximum extent
                            practicable, an equitable balance among the
                            conservation purposes of soil erosion, water
                            quality, and wildlife habitat.'';
                        (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(B) Establishment of different criteria in
                    various states.--The Secretary, with the advice of the
                    applicable State technical committee, shall establish
                    different criteria for determining the acceptability of
                    contract offers in various States based on the extent
                    to which water quality or wildlife habitat may be
                    improved or erosion may be abated.'';
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                    subparagraph (E); and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Conservation priority areas.--In carrying out
                    this paragraph, the Secretary shall, to the extent
                    practicable, maximize water quality and habitat
                    benefits in conservation priority areas designated
                    under section 1231(f) by promoting a significant level
                    of enrollment of land within such areas in the
                    conservation reserve by--
                                ``(i) giving additional weight to
                            applications for the enrollment of land within
                            such areas that will maximize water quality and
                            habitat benefits;
                                ``(ii) holding a signup and enrollment
                            under the general enrollment option and the
                            grasslands enrollment option specific to the
                            designated areas; or
                                ``(iii) whatever other means the Secretary
                            determines are appropriate and consistent with
                            the purposes of this subchapter.
                        ``(D) Transition to grassland use.--In carrying out
                    this paragraph, the Secretary, in consultation with the
                    applicable State technical committee, shall give
                    priority to contract offers for enrollment under the
                    grasslands enrollment option for eligible land--
                                ``(i) that has previously been enrolled
                            under the general enrollment option, the
                            continuous enrollment option, or the
                            partnership initiatives enrollment option;
                                ``(ii) with established cover that supports
                            conservation objectives for a conservation
                            priority area designated under section 1231(f);
                            and
                                ``(iii) enrollment of which under the
                            grasslands enrollment option will extend the
                            protection of the established cover as an
                            alternative to cropping.''.
                (4) Rental rates.--Section 1234(d)(4) of the Food Security
            Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(4)) is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``as a
                    factor'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in the header, by striking ``fsa
                            offices and crep'' and inserting ``offices
                            and'';
                                (ii) by amending clause (i) to read as
                            follows:
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall,
                            prior to finalizing a new soil rental rate,
                            provide a period of not fewer than 60 days for
                            the County Operating Committees of the Farm
                            Service Agency, State Committees of the Farm
                            Service Agency, State conservationists,
                            conservation districts, State technical
                            committees established under section 1261(a),
                            and eligible partners to review such rate and
                            concur or propose an alternative soil rental
                            rate, on the condition that documentation
                            described in clause (ii) is provided to support
                            the proposed alternative.'';
                                (iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as
                            clause (iv); and
                                (iv) by inserting after clause (ii) the
                            following:
                                ``(iii) Acceptance of alternative rates.--
                            The Secretary shall accept and finalize an
                            alternative soil rental rate proposed in
                            accordance with clause (i) unless the Secretary
                            finds that such alternative rate is not
                            appropriate, and publishes such finding on a
                            publicly accessible website, including a
                            justification for such finding.''; and
                        (C) by amending subparagraph (E) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(E) Rental rate limitation.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The county average soil
                            rental rate (before any adjustments relating to
                            specific practices, wellhead protection, or
                            soil productivity) shall not exceed--
                                        ``(I) for eligible land consisting
                                    of soils with a dryland cropland land
                                    capability class of I or II that is
                                    enrolled under the general enrollment
                                    option, 85 percent of the estimated
                                    rental rate determined under this
                                    paragraph;
                                        ``(II) for eligible land consisting
                                    of soils with a dryland cropland land
                                    capability class of III that is
                                    enrolled under the general enrollment
                                    option, 100 percent of the estimated
                                    rental rate determined under this
                                    paragraph;
                                        ``(III) for eligible land
                                    consisting of soils with a dryland
                                    cropland land capability class of IV
                                    through VII that is enrolled under the
                                    general enrollment option, 115 percent
                                    of the estimated rental rate determined
                                    under this paragraph; and
                                        ``(IV) for eligible land enrolled
                                    under the continuous enrollment option,
                                    100 percent of the estimated rental
                                    rate determined under this paragraph,
                                    without regard to the land capability
                                    class of the soil.
                                ``(ii) Partnership initiatives.--For
                            eligible land enrolled under the partnership
                            initiatives enrollment option, the county
                            average soil rental rate (before any
                            adjustments relating to specific practices,
                            wellhead protection, or soil productivity)
                            shall not exceed--
                                        ``(I) for eligible land consisting
                                    of soils with a dryland cropland land
                                    capability class of I or II, 85 percent
                                    of the estimated rental rate determined
                                    under this paragraph;
                                        ``(II) for eligible land consisting
                                    of soils with a dryland cropland land
                                    capability class of III, 100 percent of
                                    the estimated rental rate determined
                                    under this paragraph;
                                        ``(III) for eligible land
                                    consisting of soils with a dryland
                                    cropland land capability class of IV
                                    through VII, 115 percent of the
                                    estimated rental rate determined under
                                    this paragraph; and
                                        ``(IV) for eligible land that would
                                    otherwise be enrolled under the
                                    continuous enrollment option, 100
                                    percent of the estimated rental rate
                                    determined under this paragraph,
                                    without regard to the land capability
                                    class of the soil.''.
        (d) Payment Schedule.--Section 1234(e)(2) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(e)(2)) is amended by striking ``Payments'' and
    inserting ``As the Secretary determines appropriate, payments''.
        (e) Payment Limitation for Rental Payments.--Section 1234(g)(1) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(g)(1)) is amended by
    striking ``$50,000'' and inserting ``$125,000''.

    SEC. 2107. CONTRACTS.

        (a) Ownership or Operation Requirements.--Section 1235(a) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``placing the land in
            the program established by'' and inserting ``enrolling the land
            in the conservation reserve under''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``agreement'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``contract''.
        (b) Sales or Transfers.--Section 1235(b)(3) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(b)(3)) is amended by striking ``program
    established by this subchapter'' and inserting ``conservation reserve
    program''.
        (c) Early Termination by Owner or Operator.--
                (1) Early termination.--Section 1235(e)(1)(A) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(1)(A)) is amended by
            striking ``During fiscal year 2015, the'' and inserting
            ``The''.
                (2) Certain land excepted.--Section 1235(e)(2) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(2)) is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                    ``Filterstrips, waterways, strips adjacent to riparian
                    areas, windbreaks, and shelterbelts'' and inserting
                    ``Conservation buffers'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``an
                    erodibility index of more than 15'' and inserting ``a
                    dryland cropland land capability class of VI through
                    VII'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, longleaf
                    pine, or shortleaf pine'' before ``trees'';
                        (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``State acres
                    for wildlife enhancement,''; and
                        (E) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``under the
                    conservation reserve enhancement program'' and
                    inserting ``pursuant to section 1231A''.
                (3) Prorated cost recovery.--Section 1235(e)(4) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(4)) is amended--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``Prorated rental
                    payment'' and inserting ``Prorations'';
                        (B) by striking ``If a contract'' and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(A) Prorated rental payment.--If a contract'';
                    and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Prorated cost recovery.--If a contract
                    entered into under this subchapter is terminated under
                    this subsection before the end of the contract term,
                    the Secretary shall require repayment of the portion of
                    the cost sharing payments received that is proportional
                    to the percentage of the years remaining in the
                    contract term on the date of the termination.''.
                (4) Renewed enrollment.--Section 1235(e)(5) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(5)) is amended--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``Renewed'' and
                    inserting ``Subsequent''; and
                        (B) by striking ``a subsequent bid to enroll the
                    land'' and inserting ``an application for subsequent
                    enrollment of the land''.
        (d) Transition Option for Certain Farmers or Ranchers.--
                (1) Transition to covered farmer or rancher.--Section
            1235(f)(1)(C) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3835(f)(1)(C)) is amended by inserting ``reserve'' after
            ``conservation''.
                (2) Reenrollment.--Section 1235(f)(2) of the Food Security
            Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(f)(2)) is amended to read as
            follows:
                ``(2) Reenrollment.--To the extent that the maximum number
            of acres permitted to be enrolled under the conservation
            reserve program has not been met, the Secretary shall approve
            the first reenrollment requested by a covered farmer or rancher
            pursuant to section 1231(g), subject to the requirements of
            such section.''.
        (e) Drought and Emergency Grazing Assistance.--Section 1235 of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835) is further amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(i) Drought and Emergency Grazing Assistance.--The Secretary may
    allow an owner or operator to receive emergency cost-share assistance
    for livestock water facilities and grazing infrastructure through the
    emergency conservation program, authorized by section 402 of the
    Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2202), with respect to land
    enrolled in the conservation reserve, except that the Secretary shall
    ensure that there is no payment from the conservation reserve program
    for the same assistance.''.

              Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

    SEC. 2201. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1240A(6)(B)(v) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839aa-1(6)(B)(v)) is amended by inserting ``(including the adoption of
    precision agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision
    agriculture technology)'' after ``planning''.

    SEC. 2202. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Establishment.--Section 1240B(a) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a)) is amended by striking ``2031'' and
    inserting ``2029''.
        (b) Payments.--
                (1) Other payments.--Section 1240B(d)(6) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(6)) is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``A producer shall'' and inserting
                    the following:
                        ``(A) Payments under this subtitle.--A producer
                    shall''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Conservation loan and loan guarantee program
                    payments.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A producer receiving
                            payments for practices on eligible land under
                            the program may also receive a loan or loan
                            guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated
                            Farm and Rural Development Act to cover costs
                            for the same practices on the same land.
                                ``(ii) Notice to producer.--The Secretary
                            shall inform a producer participating in the
                            program in writing that they may apply to
                            receive a loan or loan guarantee under section
                            304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
                            Development Act as it relates to costs of
                            implementing practices under this program.''.
                (2) Increased payments for high-priority practices.--
            Section 1240B(d)(7) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3839aa-2(d)(7)) is amended--
                        (A) in the paragraph heading, by inserting ``state-
                    determined'' before ``high-priority''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (iii), by striking ``or'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (iv), by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) increases carbon sequestration or
                            reduces greenhouse gas emissions, including
                            emissions of methane and nitrous oxide.''.
                (3) Increased payments for precision agriculture.--Section
            1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
            2(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Increased payments for precision agriculture
            practices.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the Secretary may
            increase the amount that would otherwise be provided for a
            practice under this subsection to not more than 90 percent of
            the costs associated with adopting precision agriculture
            practices and acquiring precision agriculture technology for
            the purpose of implementing conservation practices.''.
        (c) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1240B(f) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``2031'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (d) Water Conservation or Irrigation Efficiency Practice.--Section
    1240B(h)(1) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting
            a semicolon;
                (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and
            inserting ``; or''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) the adoption of precision agriculture
                    practices or the acquisition of precision agriculture
                    technology to achieve water conservation and energy
                    efficiency.''.
        (e) Payments for Conservation Practice Related to Organic
    Production.--Section 1240B(i)(3)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i)(3)(A)(ii)) is amended by striking ``2019
    through 2023, $140,000'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029, $200,000''.
        (f) Conservation Incentive Contracts.--Section 1240B(j)(2)(A)(i) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(j)(2)(A)(i)) is
    amended by inserting ``(which may include the adoption of precision
    agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture
    technology)'' after ``incentive practices''.
        (g) Southern Border Initiative.--Section 1240B of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(k) Southern Border Initiative.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide payments
            under the program to producers to implement conservation
            practices on covered lands of such producers that address and
            repair covered damage that may contribute to a natural resource
            concern or problem.
                ``(2) Contract term.--In the case of a contract under the
            program entered into for the implementation of practices
            described in paragraph (1), such contract shall have a term of
            1 year.
                ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Covered damage.--The term `covered damage'
                    means damage to agricultural land or farming
                    infrastructure.
                        ``(B) Covered land.--The term `covered land' means
                    eligible land in a county at or near the southern
                    border of the United States, as determined by the
                    Secretary.''.

    SEC. 2203. LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS.

        Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7)
    is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025
    through 2029''.

    SEC. 2204. CONSERVATION INNOVATION GRANTS AND PAYMENTS.

        (a) Competitive Grants for Innovative Conservation Approaches.--
    Section 1240H(a) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Grants.--Out of the funds made available to carry out
            this subchapter, the Secretary may award competitive grants
            that are intended to stimulate development and evaluation of
            new and innovative approaches to leveraging the Federal
            investment in environmental enhancement and protection, in
            conjunction with agricultural production or forest resource
            management, through the program, including grants for the
            development and evaluation of new and innovative technologies
            that may be incorporated into conservation practice
            standards.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(H), by inserting before the period
            ``(including precision agriculture practices and precision
            agriculture technologies)''.
        (b) Air Quality Concerns From Agricultural Operations.--Section
    1240H(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(b)(2))
    is amended by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (c) On-Farm Conservation Innovation Trials.--Section 1240H(c) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)--
                        (A) in subclause (VI), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end; and
                        (B) by inserting after subclause (VII) the
                    following:
                                        ``(VIII) perennial production
                                    systems, including agroforestry and
                                    perennial forages and grain crops;
                                    and''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2031'' and inserting
            ``2029''.
        (d) Reporting and Database.--Section 1240H(d)(2)(A) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(d)(2)(A)) is amended--
                (1) in clause (i)--
                        (A) by inserting ``, including both management and
                    structural conservation practices,'' after
                    ``conservation practices''; and
                        (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);
                (3) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
                                ``(ii) data that may be used to evaluate
                            new and emerging technologies and
                            recommendations for State and regional
                            applications of such new and emerging
                            technologies; and''; and
                (4) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by inserting ``for
            consideration under the streamlined process developed under
            section 1242(h)(3)'' before the period at the end.

                  Subtitle D--Conservation Stewardship Program

    SEC. 2301. CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 1240J(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839aa-22(a)) is amended by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 2302. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

        (a) Conservation Stewardship Payments.--Section 1240L(c) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting before the period
            ``(including increased costs associated with planning and
            adopting precision agriculture conservation activities and
            acquiring precision agriculture technology)''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Minimum payment.--The amount of an annual payment
            under the program shall be not less than $2,500.''.
        (b) Supplemental Payments for Resource-Conserving Crop Rotations
    and Advanced Grazing Management.--Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(d)) is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``and Advanced
            Grazing Management'' and inserting ``, Advanced Grazing
            Management, and Precision Agriculture'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; or'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) precision agriculture conservation
                    activities.''; and
                (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``or advanced grazing
            management'' and inserting ``, advanced grazing management, or
            precision agriculture conservation activities''.
        (c) Payment Limitations.--Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(f)) is amended by striking ``2019 through
    2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.
        (d) Organic Certification.--Section 1240L(h)(2)(A) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(h)(2)(A)) is amended by
    striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 2303. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

        Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21 et seq.) is amended by adding
    at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 1240L-2. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible indian tribe.--The term `eligible Indian
            Tribe' means an Indian Tribe that is--
                        ``(A) implementing a soil health program for the
                    area over which the Indian Tribe has jurisdiction; and
                        ``(B) meeting or exceeding performance measures
                    established by the Indian Tribe for the soil health
                    program.
                ``(2) Eligible state.--The term `eligible State' means a
            State that is--
                        ``(A) implementing a soil health program for the
                    State; and
                        ``(B) meeting or exceeding performance measures
                    established by the State for the soil health program.
                ``(3) Soil health program.--The term `soil health program'
            means a program to improve soil health on agricultural land
            that--
                        ``(A) is broadly consistent with the soil health
                    principles of the Natural Resources Conservation
                    Service, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) may include--
                                ``(i) technical assistance;
                                ``(ii) financial assistance;
                                ``(iii) on-farm research and demonstration;
                                ``(iv) education, outreach, and training;
                                ``(v) monitoring and evaluation; or
                                ``(vi) such other components as the
                            Secretary determines appropriate.
        ``(b) Availability and Purpose of Grants.--For fiscal years 2025
    through 2029, the Secretary shall make grants to eligible States and
    eligible Indian Tribes for the purpose of improving soil health on
    agricultural lands through the implementation of State and Tribal soil
    health programs.
        ``(c) Applications.--
                ``(1) In general.--To receive a grant under this section,
            an eligible State or eligible Indian Tribe shall submit to the
            Secretary an application at such time, in such a manner, and
            containing such information as the Secretary shall require,
            which shall include--
                        ``(A) a description of performance measures to be
                    used to evaluate the State or Tribal soil health
                    program and the results of any activities carried out
                    using grant funds received under this section; and
                        ``(B) an assurance that grant funds received under
                    this section will supplement the expenditure of State
                    or Tribal funds in support of soil health, rather than
                    replace such funds.
                ``(2) Tribal option.--An Indian Tribe shall have the
            option, at the sole discretion of the Indian Tribe, to be
            incorporated into the application of an eligible State.
        ``(d) Priority.--In making grants under this section, the Secretary
    shall give priority to eligible States and eligible Indian Tribes with
    a climate action plan that includes soil health, as determined by the
    Secretary.
        ``(e) Grants.--
                ``(1) Amount.--The amount of a grant to an eligible State
            or eligible Indian Tribe under this section for a fiscal year
            may not exceed the lower of--
                        ``(A) $5,000,000; or
                        ``(B) as applicable--
                                ``(i) 50 percent of the cost of
                            implementing the State soil health program in
                            the fiscal year; or
                                ``(ii) 75 percent of the cost of
                            implementing the Tribal soil health program in
                            the fiscal year.
                ``(2) Term.--A grant under this section shall be for 1
            year, and may be renewed annually.
        ``(f) Audits and Reviews.--An eligible State or eligible Indian
    Tribe receiving a grant under this section shall submit to the
    Secretary--
                ``(1) for each year for which the State or Indian Tribe
            receives such a grant, the results of an audit of the
            expenditures of the grant funds; and
                ``(2) at such intervals as the Secretary shall establish, a
            review and evaluation of the State or Tribal soil health
            program.
        ``(g) Effect of Noncompliance.--If the Secretary, after reasonable
    notice to an eligible State or eligible Indian Tribe receiving a grant
    under this section, finds that the State or Indian Tribe has failed to
    comply with the terms of the grant, the Secretary may disqualify, for 1
    or more years, the State or Indian Tribe from receipt of future grants
    under this section.
        ``(h) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out this
    subchapter, $100,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years
    2025 through 2029 to carry out this section.
        ``(i) Administration.--
                ``(1) Department.--The Secretary may not use more than 3
            percent of the funds made available to carry out this section
            for a fiscal year for administrative expenses.
                ``(2) States or indian tribes.--An eligible State or
            eligible Indian Tribe receiving a grant under this section may
            not use more than 7 percent of the granted funds for a fiscal
            year for administrative expenses.''.

                    Subtitle E--Other Conservation Programs

    SEC. 2401. CONSERVATION OF PRIVATE GRAZING LAND.

        Section 1240M(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839bb) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 2402. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

        (a) Feral Swine Eradication and Control Program.--Chapter 5 of
    subtitle D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.)
    is amended by inserting after section 1240M the following:

    ``SEC. 1240N. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a feral swine
    eradication and control program (in this section referred to as the
    `program') to respond to the threat feral swine pose to agriculture,
    native ecosystems, and human and animal health.
        ``(b) Duties of the Secretary.--In carrying out the program, the
    Secretary shall--
                ``(1) study and assess the nature and extent of damage to
            the threatened areas caused by feral swine;
                ``(2) develop methods to eradicate or control feral swine
            in the threatened areas;
                ``(3) develop methods to restore damage caused by feral
            swine; and
                ``(4) provide financial assistance to agricultural
            producers in threatened areas.
        ``(c) Assistance.--The Secretary may provide financial assistance
    to agricultural producers under the program to implement methods to--
                ``(1) eradicate or control feral swine in the threatened
            areas; and
                ``(2) restore damage caused by feral swine.
        ``(d) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure that the Natural
    Resources Conservation Service and the Animal and Plant Health
    Inspection Service coordinate for purposes of this section through
    State technical committees established under section 1261(a).
        ``(e) Cost Sharing.--
                ``(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the costs of
            activities under the program may not exceed 75 percent of the
            total costs of such activities.
                ``(2) In-kind contributions.--The non-Federal share of the
            costs of activities under the program may be provided in the
            form of in-kind contributions of materials or services.
        ``(f) Threatened Area Defined.--In this section, the term
    `threatened area' means an area of a State in which feral swine have
    been identified as a threat to agriculture, native ecosystems, or human
    and animal health, as determined by the Secretary.
        ``(g) Funding.--
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds made available under
            section 1241(a)(3)(A), the Secretary shall use to carry out
            this section $150,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025
            through 2029.
                ``(2) Distribution of funds.--Of the funds made available
            under paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) 40 percent shall be allocated to the Natural
                    Resources Conservation Service to carry out the
                    program, including the provision of financial
                    assistance to producers for on-farm trapping and
                    technology related to capturing and confining feral
                    swine; and
                        ``(B) 60 percent shall be allocated to the Animal
                    and Plant Health Inspection Service to carry out the
                    program, including the use of established, and testing
                    of innovative, population reduction methods.
                ``(3) Limitation on administrative expenses.--Not more than
            10 percent of funds made available under this section may be
            used for administrative expenses of the program.''.
        (b) Repeal.--Section 2408 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of
    2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note) is repealed.
        (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of
    the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is amended by striking the item
    relating to section 2408.

    SEC. 2403. GRASSROOTS SOURCE WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM.

        Section 1240O(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839bb-2(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) of the funds made available under section
                    1241(a)(3)(A), $1,000,000 beginning in fiscal year
                    2025, to remain available until expended.''.

    SEC. 2404. VOLUNTARY PUBLIC ACCESS AND HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

        Section 1240R(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839bb-5(f)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(f) Funding.--
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds made available under
            section 1241(a)(3)(A), the Secretary shall use to carry out
            this section $150,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025
            through 2029.
                ``(2) Enhanced public access to wetland reserve
            easements.--To the maximum extent practicable, of the funds
            made available under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use
            $3,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to
            encourage public access to land covered by wetland reserve
            easements under section 1265C through agreements with States
            and Tribal governments under this section.''.

    SEC. 2405. WATERSHED PROTECTION AND FLOOD PREVENTION ACT.

        (a) Assistance to Local Organizations.--
                (1) In general.--Section 3(a) of the Watershed Protection
            and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003(a)) is amended by
            redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7) and inserting
            after paragraph (5) the following:
                ``(6) to provide technical and financial assistance for
            remedial actions in accordance with subsection (c); and''.
                (2) Assistance for remedial actions; streamlining.--Section
            3 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16
            U.S.C. 1003) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Assistance for Remedial Actions.--
                ``(1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a)(6), the
            Secretary may provide technical and financial assistance to
            local organizations for remedial actions for a completed work
            of improvement installed under this Act with respect to which--
                        ``(A) deterioration of a structural component of
                    the work of improvement is occurring at an abnormal
                    rate, including situations in which such deterioration
                    is due to a design deficiency or to site conditions
                    that were unknown at the time of installation of the
                    work of improvement;
                        ``(B) the planned service life of the work of
                    improvement exceeds the service life of a structural
                    component of such work of improvement; or
                        ``(C) structural damage to such work of
                    improvement, or to a structural component of such work
                    of improvement, was caused by a storm event that
                    exceeded the maximum storm event for which the work of
                    improvement was designed.
                ``(2) Cost share.--Financial assistance provided under this
            subsection shall be provided in accordance with the cost-share
            rate established in the agreement with the local organization
            for the work of improvement.
        ``(d) Streamlining.--The Secretary shall, on an ongoing basis--
                ``(1) engage with relevant Federal agencies to reduce or
            eliminate regulatory, policy, or procedural barriers to timely
            provision of assistance under this Act;
                ``(2) provide for streamlined procedures relating to
            coordination with other Federal or State agencies for required
            reviews and permitting of projects pursuant to this Act, and
            ensure such procedures are commensurate with the size and scale
            of the projects;
                ``(3) conduct an assessment of internal Department of
            Agriculture planning, technical support, and approvals to
            determine best practices to be used for the purpose of
            maximizing the decisionmaking authority of State
            conservationists with respect to approvals required for
            projects under this Act; and
                ``(4) prioritize the use of agreements and contracting
            authorities under this Act to provide funding to local
            organizations for the planning, design, and construction of
            works of improvement.''.
        (b) Data.--Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood
    Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 13. DATA.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall collect and maintain, and
    make publicly available--
                ``(1) data, on a national and State-by-State basis,
            concerning--
                        ``(A) expenditures for the individual flood control
                    and conservation measures for which assistance is
                    provided under this Act; and
                        ``(B) the expected flood control or environmental
                    (including soil erosion) benefits that will result from
                    the implementation of such measures; and
                ``(2) data, with respect to each project for which
            assistance is provided under this Act, concerning--
                        ``(A) total allocated and expended funds for
                    planning, design, construction, remedial actions, and
                    rehabilitation; and
                        ``(B) contracts and agreements entered into by the
                    Secretary with a local organization to provide
                    services, including--
                                ``(i) the services provided through such
                            contracts and agreements;
                                ``(ii) the total funds allocated to such
                            contracts and agreements; and
                                ``(iii) any modifications or adjustments
                            made to such contracts and agreements.
        ``(b) Prohibition.--The Secretary may not make publicly available
    under this section an agreement entered into with an individual
    landowner, operator, or occupier under this Act, or any disaggregated
    information that identifies such individual landowner, operator, or
    occupier.''.
        (c) Rehabilitation of Structural Measures Near, at, or Past Their
    Evaluated Life Expectancy.--
                (1) Cost share assistance for rehabilitation.--Section
            14(b) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16
            U.S.C. 1012(b)) is amended--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``65 percent''
                    and inserting ``90 percent''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Relation to requirements of authorized projects.--A
            rehabilitation project for which assistance is provided under
            this section shall not be subject to--
                        ``(A) the requirement under section 2 that a
                    project contain benefits directly related to
                    agriculture, including rural communities, that account
                    for at least 20 percent of the total benefits of the
                    project; or
                        ``(B) section 4(5).''.
                (2) Funding.--Section 14(h)(2)(E) of the Watershed
            Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012(h)(2)(E))
            is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (d) Funding.--Section 15 of the Watershed Protection and Flood
    Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012a) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019'' and
            inserting ``$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''; and
                (2) by inserting before the period at the end ``, to remain
            available until expended''.

    SEC. 2406. EMERGENCY CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

        Section 401 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201)
    is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
                    Other Emergency Conservation Measures'' after
                    ``Fencing''; and
                        (B) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) In general.--With respect to a payment to an
            agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or
            replacement of fencing, or for other emergency measures to
            rehabilitate farmland or to repair or replace a farmland or
            conservation structure, the Secretary shall give the
            agricultural producer the option of receiving--
                        ``(A) before carrying out such replacement or
                    rehabilitation, not more than 75 percent of the payment
                    for such replacement or rehabilitation, which shall be
                    based on the fair market value of the replacement or
                    rehabilitation, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) before carrying out such repair, not more
                    than 50 percent of the payment for such repair, which
                    shall be based on the fair market value of the repair,
                    as determined by the Secretary.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Wildfires.--A wildfire that causes damage with respect to
    which a payment may be made under subsection (a) includes any wildfire
    that is not caused naturally, including a wildfire that is caused by
    the Federal Government, if the damage is caused by the spread of the
    fire due to natural causes.''.

    SEC. 2407. EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROGRAM.

        (a) Floodplain Easements.--Section 403(b) of the Agricultural
    Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203(b)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs
            (5) and (6);
                (2) by inserting after the subsection header the following:
                ``(1) Easement restoration.--The Secretary is authorized to
            restore appropriate vegetative cover, hydrological functions,
            and other functions and values of the land subject to a
            floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a).
                ``(2) Easement maintenance.--The Secretary is authorized to
            monitor, maintain, and enhance appropriate vegetative cover,
            hydrological restoration measures, and other restoration
            measures on land subject to a floodplain easement acquired
            under subsection (a).
                ``(3) Contracts and agreements.--In carrying out paragraphs
            (1) and (2), the Secretary may--
                        ``(A) enter into contracts with landowners; and
                        ``(B) enter into agreements with States,
                    nongovernmental organizations, and Indian Tribes.
                ``(4) Compatible use authority.--The Secretary may
            authorize a landowner to carry out activities on land subject
            to a floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a) that
            are--
                        ``(A) compatible uses necessary to carry out
                    paragraph (1) or (2); or
                        ``(B) compatible economic uses (including such
                    activities as hunting and fishing, managed timber
                    harvest, water management, or periodic haying or
                    grazing) if such uses are consistent with the long-term
                    protection of the floodplain functions and values for
                    which the easement was acquired.''; and
                (3) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph (5)'' each place it
            appears.
        (b) Level of Restoration.--Section 403 of the Agricultural Credit
    Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(c) Level of Restoration.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary may undertake measures that increase the level of protection
    above that which would be necessary to address the immediate impairment
    of the watershed if the Secretary determines that such restoration is
    in the best interest of the long-term health of the watershed and the
    long-term protection of the watershed from repetitive impairments.''.

    SEC. 2408. NATIONAL AGRICULTURE FLOOD VULNERABILITY STUDY.

        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate a national agriculture flood vulnerability
    report containing the results of a Conservation Effects Assessment
    Project assessment of flood risk on agricultural lands, including--
                (1) an analysis of economic losses of crops and livestock
            resulting from flooding under different recurrence scenarios;
                (2) an analysis of the downstream effects of mitigation
            activities carried out as part of a watershed management
            approach;
                (3) an analysis of available Federal and State data
            relating to flood risk, as applicable to agricultural land,
            including data relating to riverine flooding, coastal flooding,
            storm surge, extreme precipitation, and flash flooding; and
                (4) a description of ongoing producer-level conservation
            practices and broader government initiatives to manage the
            effects of flooding and flood risk within and across
            watersheds, and recommendations for additional practices and
            initiatives to further address such effects and risk.

                     Subtitle F--Funding and Administration

    SEC. 2501. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

        (a) Annual Funding.--Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``2031'' and inserting ``2029'';
                (2) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``2019 through
                    2023 to provide payments under section 1234(c)'' and
                    inserting ``2025 through 2029 to provide payments under
                    section 1234(c)(3)''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2019 through
                    2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
                (3) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) through
            (F) and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                        ``(B) $625,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                        ``(C) $650,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(D) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                        ``(E) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.'';
                (4) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking clauses (i)
                    through (v) and inserting the following:
                                ``(i) $2,400,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                                ``(ii) $2,600,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                                ``(iii) $2,800,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2027;
                                ``(iv) $3,100,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            and
                                ``(v) $3,120,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                            and''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking clauses (i)
                    through (v) and inserting the following:
                                ``(i) $1,275,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                                ``(ii) $1,300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                                ``(iii) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2027;
                                ``(iv) $1,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            and
                                ``(v) $1,375,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2029.''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) The forest conservation easement program under
            subtitle I, using, to the maximum extent practicable--
                        ``(A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                        ``(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                        ``(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(D) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                        ``(E) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
                ``(6) The regional conservation partnership program under
            subtitle J, using, to the maximum extent practicable--
                        ``(A) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                        ``(B) $425,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                        ``(C) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(D) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                        ``(E) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.''.
        (b) Availability of Funds.--Section 1241(b) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(b)) is amended by striking ``2031'' and
    inserting ``2029''.
        (c) Regional Equity.--Section 1241(e)(1) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``subtitle I''
    and inserting ``subtitle J''.
        (d) Acceptance and Use of Contributions for Public-Private
    Partnerships.--Section 1241(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
    U.S.C. 3841(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (6)(A)(ii), by inserting ``of'' before
            ``any terms'';
                (2) in paragraph (8), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (3) in paragraph (9)--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) subtitle D (except for subchapter B of
                    chapter 1 of such subtitle), subtitle H, subtitle I, or
                    subtitle J;'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the semicolon
                    and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (C).
        (e) Assistance to Certain Farmers or Ranchers for Conservation
    Access.--Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3841(h)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``2031'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking
                    ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2031'' and inserting
            ``2029''.
        (f) Report on Program Enrollments and Assistance.--Section 1241(i)
    of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2024 through 2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``section
            1265B(b)(2)(B)(ii)'' and inserting ``section
            1265B(b)(2)(A)(iii)''.

    SEC. 2502. RESCISSIONS.

        The unobligated balances of amounts made available by the following
    provisions of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 2015-2016) are hereby
    rescinded:
                (1) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section
            21001(a)(1)(A).
                (2) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section
            21001(a)(2)(A).
                (3) Subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of section 21001(a)(3).
                (4) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section
            21001(a)(4)(A).

    SEC. 2503. DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 1242(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3842(a)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Non-federal certifying entity.--The term `non-Federal
            certifying entity' means a non-Federal entity, an Indian Tribe,
            or a State agency described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of
            subsection (e)(4) that has entered into an agreement under
            subsection (e)(5)(D).''.
        (b) Purpose of Technical Assistance.--Section 1242(b) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(b)) is amended by inserting
    ``timely,'' after ``consistent,''.
        (c) Non-Federal Assistance.--Section 1242(d) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(d)) is amended by inserting ``(including
    private sector entities)'' after ``Department or non-Federal
    entities''.
        (d) Certification of Third-Party Providers.--Section 1242(e) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Food, Conservation, and
            Energy Act of 2008'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2024'';
                (2) by amending paragraph (3)(A) to read as follows:
                        ``(A) ensure that persons (including commercial
                    entities, nonprofit entities, State or local
                    governments or agencies, and other Federal agencies)
                    with expertise in the technical aspects of conservation
                    planning, watershed planning, environmental
                    engineering, conservation practice design,
                    implementation, and evaluation, and any other technical
                    skills determined appropriate by the Secretary, are
                    eligible to become approved providers of the technical
                    assistance;''; and
                (3) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and inserting the
            following:
                ``(4) Certification.--A third-party provider may be
            certified to provide technical assistance under this section
            only--
                        ``(A) through a certification process administered
                    by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the
                    Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                        ``(B) by a non-Federal entity (other than a State
                    agency or an Indian Tribe) approved by the Secretary
                    under paragraph (5) to certify a third-party provider;
                        ``(C) by an Indian Tribe approved by the Secretary
                    under paragraph (5) to certify a third-party provider;
                    or
                        ``(D) by a State agency that--
                                ``(i) has statutory authority to certify,
                            administer, or license professionals in one or
                            more fields of natural resources, agriculture,
                            or engineering; and
                                ``(ii) is approved by the Secretary under
                            paragraph (5) to certify a third-party
                            provider.
                ``(5) Non-federal certifying entity.--
                        ``(A) Establishment of approval process.--Not later
                    than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Farm,
                    Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary
                    shall establish a process to approve a non-Federal
                    entity (including a State agency and an Indian Tribe),
                    to become a non-Federal certifying entity.
                        ``(B) Approval.--Not later than 60 days after the
                    date on which the Secretary receives an application by
                    a non-Federal entity to certify third-party providers
                    under this section, the Secretary shall make a decision
                    on whether to approve such application.
                        ``(C) Eligibility.--In carrying out subparagraph
                    (B), the Secretary shall take into consideration--
                                ``(i) the ability of the applicable non-
                            Federal entity to assess the qualifications of
                            a third-party provider and to certify third-
                            party providers at scale;
                                ``(ii) the experience of the applicable
                            non-Federal entity in working with third-party
                            providers and eligible participants;
                                ``(iii) the expertise of the applicable
                            non-Federal entity in the technical skills
                            described in paragraph (3)(A); and
                                ``(iv) such other qualifications as the
                            Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                        ``(D) Agreement.--Upon approving an application
                    under this paragraph, the Secretary shall enter into an
                    agreement with the non-Federal entity to become a non-
                    Federal certifying entity.
                        ``(E) Duties of non-federal certifying entities.--
                    In certifying third-party providers under this section,
                    a non-Federal certifying entity shall--
                                ``(i) assess the ability of a third-party
                            provider to appropriately provide technical
                            assistance to eligible participants for
                            specified practices and conservation
                            activities;
                                ``(ii) provide training to ensure that a
                            third-party provider is qualified to provide
                            technical assistance upon certification by the
                            non-Federal certifying entity; and
                                ``(iii) submit to the Secretary, in a
                            timely manner, information on--
                                        ``(I) each third-party provider
                                    certified by the non-Federal certifying
                                    entity, for inclusion on the registry
                                    of certified third-party providers
                                    maintained by the Secretary; and
                                        ``(II) each third-party provider
                                    the certification of which is withdrawn
                                    by the non-Federal certifying entity.
                ``(6) Timely decisions.--
                        ``(A) Certification by secretary.--Not later than
                    30 days after the date on which the Secretary receives
                    an application from a third-party provider to be
                    certified under the process described in paragraph
                    (4)(A) for particular practices and conservation
                    activities, the Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) make a final decision with respect to
                            such application; and
                                ``(ii) if the final decision is to certify
                            the third-party provider, include the name of
                            the certified third-party provider on the
                            registry of certified third-party providers
                            maintained by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Certification by non-federal certifying
                    entity.--Not later than 10 days after the date on which
                    the Secretary receives a notification from a non-
                    Federal certifying entity that a third-party provider
                    was certified, pursuant to subparagraph (B), (C), or
                    (D) of paragraph (4), for particular practices and
                    conservation activities, the Secretary shall include
                    the name of the certified third-party provider on the
                    registry of certified third-party providers maintained
                    by the Secretary.
                ``(7) Streamlined certification.--Not later than 180 days
            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish a
            streamlined process for the Secretary and non-Federal
            certifying entities to use to certify under this section a
            third-party provider that has a relevant professional
            certification for particular practices and conservation
            activities, as determined by the Secretary.''.
        (e) Administration.--Section 1242(f) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``each of the programs
            specified in section 1241'' and inserting ``conservation
            programs administered by the Secretary'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by inserting ``or a non-Federal certifying entity'' before
            ``under this section'';
                (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Update of certification process by the secretary.--
            Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Farm,
            Food, and National Security Act of 2024, and periodically
            thereafter, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) review the certification processes under
                    paragraphs (4)(A) and (7) of subsection (e);
                        ``(B) make any adjustments considered necessary by
                    the Secretary to--
                                ``(i) increase the number of third-party
                            providers delivering technical assistance; and
                                ``(ii) improve the quality of technical
                            assistance delivered by third-party providers;
                        ``(C) conduct outreach to, and receive input on the
                    barriers for third-party providers to become certified
                    under this section from--
                                ``(i) third-party providers that are, or
                            have been, certified under this section; and
                                ``(ii) other interested parties associated
                            with eligible participants; and
                        ``(D) set a target rate of utilization of third-
                    party providers to deliver technical assistance across
                    all conservation programs administered by the
                    Secretary.'';
                (4) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting ``(including
            maintenance)'' after ``implementation'';
                (5) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
                ``(5) Payment amount.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For payments provided by the
                    Secretary under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (c),
                    the Secretary shall determine payment amounts for
                    technical assistance provided by third-party providers,
                    which shall be at rates equivalent to, but that do not
                    exceed, the cost to the Secretary of providing
                    technical assistance directly to an eligible
                    participant.
                        ``(B) Considerations.--In determining payment
                    amounts under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall
                    consider specialized equipment, frequency of site
                    visits, training, travel and transportation, and such
                    other factors as the Secretary determines to be
                    appropriate.
                        ``(C) Exclusion.--A payment provided under
                    subsection (c)(3) shall be excluded from calculations
                    relating to any cost-sharing requirements of the
                    applicable conservation program under which the payment
                    was provided.
                ``(6) Transparency.--Not later than 1 year after the date
            of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
            2024, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary shall make
            publicly available information on--
                        ``(A) funds obligated to third-party providers
                    through--
                                ``(i) contracts entered into between
                            eligible participants and individual third-
                            party providers; and
                                ``(ii) agreements with public and private
                            sector entities to secure third-party technical
                            assistance;
                        ``(B) the certification process under this section,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by the Secretary;
                                ``(ii) the number of non-Federal certifying
                            entities approved by the Secretary;
                                ``(iii) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by non-Federal certifying entities
                            (other than State agencies and Indian Tribes);
                                ``(iv) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by Indian Tribes;
                                ``(v) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by State agencies; and
                                ``(vi) the number of third-party providers
                            certified through the streamlined certification
                            process described in subsection (e)(7);
                        ``(C) how third-party providers contribute to the
                    quality and effectiveness of conservation practices
                    implemented and adopted through conservation programs
                    administered by the Secretary, and what improvements
                    are needed; and
                        ``(D) the target rate of utilization of third-party
                    providers set under paragraph (3)(D) and how actual
                    rate of utilization compares to the target rate.''; and
                (6) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Soil health planning.--The Secretary shall emphasize
            the use of third-party providers in providing technical
            assistance for soil health planning, including planning related
            to the use of cover crops, precision agriculture practices,
            comprehensive nutrient management planning, and other
            innovative plans.''.
        (f) Review of Conservation Practice Standards.--Section 1242(h) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(h)) is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Review'' and
            inserting ``Establishment and Review'';
                (2) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) not later than 1 year after the date of
                    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
                    of 2024, and at least every 5 years thereafter,
                    complete a review of each conservation practice
                    standard, including engineering design
                    specifications;'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) provide a process for public input on each
                    conservation practice standard under such review,
                    including a process for consideration of State and
                    local input;
                        ``(F) publicly post a summary of any input received
                    under subparagraph (E) and any decisions made relating
                    to such input; and
                        ``(G) revise any conservation practice standard
                    based on the results of such review, as determined
                    appropriate by the Secretary, and publish any such
                    revised standard.'';
                (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Process for establishment of interim and new
            conservation practice standards.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall develop a
                    streamlined process under which the Secretary shall
                    establish interim conservation practice standards and
                    new conservation practice standards.
                        ``(B) Development.--In developing the streamlined
                    process under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) ensure that the public can engage
                            with the Department of Agriculture, including
                            by recommending interim conservation practice
                            standards; and
                                ``(ii) establish--
                                        ``(I) the types of data, metrics,
                                    and other relevant information that are
                                    necessary for the establishment of
                                    interim conservation practice standards
                                    and new conservation practice
                                    standards;
                                        ``(II) the process by which an
                                    interim conservation practice standard
                                    may become a new conservation practice
                                    standard; and
                                        ``(III) specific requirements for
                                    an expedited review of a new
                                    conservation practice for the purpose
                                    of establishing a new conservation
                                    practice standard for such practice.
                        ``(C) Considerations.--In establishing an interim
                    conservation practice standard or a new conservation
                    practice standard under this subsection, the Secretary
                    shall consider--
                                ``(i) input from State technical committees
                            on recommendations that identify innovations or
                            advancements in conservation practices;
                                ``(ii) technological advancements,
                            including advancements from projects developed
                            under section 1240H; and
                                ``(iii) State and local input in the form
                            of--
                                        ``(I) recommendations for interim
                                    conservation practice standards; and
                                        ``(II) partnership-led proposals
                                    for new and innovative techniques to
                                    facilitate implementing agreements and
                                    grants under this title; and
                                ``(iv) input from native entities in the
                            form of information relating to native
                            traditional ecological knowledge that can
                            inform conservation practice standards.
                        ``(D) Transparency.--The Secretary shall make
                    available on a public website a detailed description of
                    the process for recommending, reviewing, and
                    establishing interim conservation practice standards
                    and new conservation practice standards under this
                    paragraph.'';
                (4) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``Agriculture Improvement
                            Act of 2018'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and
                            National Security Act of 2024''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``a report on'' and
                            inserting ``a report detailing'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                    ``administrative'' and inserting ``streamlined'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (E) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) any other information the Secretary
                    determines useful to improve such streamlined process
                    for reviewing and establishing conservation practice
                    standards.''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Office of conservation innovation.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish
                    within the Office of the Chief of the Natural Resources
                    Conservation Service an Office of Conservation
                    Innovation (referred to in this paragraph as the
                    `Office') which shall be under the direct supervision
                    of the Chief.
                        ``(B) Duties.--The Office shall--
                                ``(i) provide support to the Chief in
                            meeting the requirements of this subsection;
                            and
                                ``(ii) encourage innovation in conservation
                            practices through--
                                        ``(I) revisions of existing
                                    conservation practice standards;
                                        ``(II) recommendations of interim
                                    conservation practice standards; and
                                        ``(III) recommendations of new
                                    conservation practice standards.
                        ``(C) Staff.--The Chief shall detail to the Office
                    not more than 6 employees of the Department of
                    Agriculture who are technical specialists that possess
                    an understanding of conventional, organic, and other
                    production techniques representing--
                                ``(i) agronomy and agroecology;
                                ``(ii) grazing lands ecology (including
                            rangeland, pastureland, and grazed forest
                            land);
                                ``(iii) animal husbandry (including animal
                            nutrition and feed management);
                                ``(iv) water conservation, drainage water
                            management, and irrigation engineering
                            technology;
                                ``(v) agricultural engineering (including
                            animal waste management, energy, and structural
                            measures); and
                                ``(vi) forest ecology and agroforestry.
                ``(6) Funding.--The Secretary shall use funding from the
            annual appropriations for conservation operations of the
            Natural Resources Conservation Service to carry out this
            subsection.''.
        (g) Direct Hire Authority.--Section 1242 of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) NRCS Direct Hire Authority.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may appoint, without
            regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title
            5, United States Code (other than sections 3303 and 3328 of
            such title), qualified candidates, as described in paragraph
            (2), directly to positions within the Natural Resources
            Conservation Service that provide technical assistance under
            conservation programs administered by the Natural Resources
            Conservation Service.
                ``(2) Qualifications.--Paragraph (1) applies to a candidate
            who--
                        ``(A) is qualified to provide the technical
                    assistance described in paragraph (1), as determined by
                    the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) meets qualification standards established by
                    the Office of Personnel Management.''.

    SEC. 2504. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSERVATION PROGRAMS.

        (a) Tenant Protections.--Section 1244(d) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(d)) is amended by striking ``I.'' and inserting
    ``J.''.
        (b) Acreage Limitations.--Section 1244(f) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(f)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not enroll more than
            25 percent of the cropland in any county in the conservation
            reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of
            subtitle D and wetland reserve easements under section
            1265C.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and inserting ``paragraph
                    (1)''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end and inserting ``or'';
                (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and
            inserting ``paragraph (1)''; and
                (4) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``classes IV'' and
            inserting ``classes III''.
        (c) Review and Guidance for Practice Costs and Payment Rates.--
                (1) In general.--Section 1244(j)(1) of the Food Security
            Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(1)) is amended--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date of
                    enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018,
                    and not later than October 1 of each year thereafter,
                    the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``The Secretary
                    shall establish a process under which the Secretary
                    shall annually'';
                        (B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) review, with respect to each State, the
                    actual practice costs and rates of payments (or, where
                    actual practice costs and rates of payments are not
                    available, estimates of such practice costs and rates)
                    made to producers pursuant to programs under this title
                    for practices on eligible land; and''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (iii) as
                            clause (iv);
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (ii) the
                            following:
                                ``(iii) accounts for the variability in
                            costs of implementing practices on eligible
                            land under this title; and''; and
                                (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by
                            striking ``regional, State, and'' and inserting
                            ``State and''.
                (2) Guidance; review.--Section 1244(j)(2) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(2)) is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``estimates
                    for''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause
                            (iii);
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) monitoring for and identifying
                            significant variability in practice costs in
                            each year; and''; and
                                (iv) in clause (iii), as so redesignated,
                            by inserting ``and, when appropriate, adopting
                            any recommendations made by such State
                            technical committee'' after ``that State''.
                (3) Effect on existing contracts.--Section 1244(j) of the
            Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)) is amended by
            adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Effect on existing contracts.--In order to provide
            rates of payments that are commensurate with the costs of
            implementing practices pursuant to programs under this title,
            the Secretary shall establish processes and procedures for
            updating rates of payments under a contract or agreement in
            effect under this title to reflect the appropriate practice
            costs and rates of payments determined under paragraph (2)(B)
            for the year in which the practice is implemented.''.
        (d) Source Water Protection Through Targeting of Agricultural
    Practices.--Section 1244(n) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3844(n)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause
                            (iii);
                                (ii) in clause (i), by striking the ``and''
                            at the end; and
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) identify in each State a source
                            water protection coordinator who shall be
                            responsible for coordinating such collaboration
                            with community water systems under this
                            subsection; and''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``under
                    subparagraph (A)(ii)'' and inserting ``under
                    subparagraph (A)(iii)'';
                (2) in paragraph (3), strike ``2031'' and insert ``2029'';
            and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Publicly available information.--Beginning on the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2024, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service, shall make publicly available--
                        ``(A) an annual report that details--
                                ``(i) for each local priority area
                            identified under paragraph (2)(A)(i)--
                                        ``(I) the conservation programs
                                    under which assistance is provided
                                    pursuant to paragraph (1);
                                        ``(II) the practices implemented
                                    pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                                        ``(III) the number of contracts and
                                    acres devoted to such practices;
                                ``(ii) for each conservation program
                            administered by the Secretary--
                                        ``(I) the amount of funds obligated
                                    and expended for practices implemented
                                    pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                                        ``(II) information regarding the
                                    status of compliance with paragraph
                                    (3); and
                                ``(iii) the practices, by State, that are
                            receiving increased incentives and higher
                            payment rates under paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and
                        ``(B) through an interactive map, aggregated data
                    detailed under subparagraph (A).''.
        (e) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife Corridors.--
    Section 1244 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(q) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife
    Corridors.--In carrying out any conservation program administered by
    the Secretary, the Secretary may, as appropriate, encourage the use of
    conservation practices that support the development, restoration, and
    maintenance of habitat connectivity and wildlife corridors.''.

    SEC. 2505. EXPERIENCED SERVICES PROGRAM.

        (a) Establishment and Purpose.--Section 1252(a) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851(a)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(a) Establishment and Purpose.--The Secretary shall establish an
    experienced services program (referred to in this section as the
    `program') for the purpose of utilizing the talents of individuals who
    are age 55 or older, but who are not employees of the Department of
    Agriculture or a State agriculture department, to provide technical,
    professional, and administrative services in support of conservation
    programs administered by the Secretary, including conservation planning
    assistance, technical consultation, and assistance with design and
    implementation of conservation practices.''.
        (b) Funding Source.--Section 1252(c) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851(c)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2),
            with respect to subsection (a), the Secretary may carry out the
            program using funds made available to carry out each
            conservation program administered by the Secretary.''; and
                (2) by striking paragraph (3).

             Subtitle G--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

    SEC. 2601. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1265A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865a) is
    amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (2);
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as
            paragraphs (2) through (6), respectively; and
                (3) in paragraph (3)(A), as so redesignated, by amending
            clause (i) to read as follows:
                                ``(i) that is subject to a pending offer
                            for purchase of an agricultural land easement
                            from an eligible entity;''.

    SEC. 2602. AGRICULTURAL LAND EASEMENTS.

        (a) Availability of Assistance.--Section 1265B(a) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``in eligible land;'' and
            inserting ``on eligible land; and'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(iv); and'' and
            inserting ``(iii).''; and
                (3) by striking paragraph (3).
        (b) Cost-Share Assistance.--
                (1) Scope of assistance available.--Section 1265B(b)(2) of
            the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(2)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) Federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--An agreement described
                            in paragraph (4) shall provide for a Federal
                            share determined by the Secretary of an amount
                            not to exceed 65 percent of the fair market
                            value of the agricultural land easement, as
                            determined by the Secretary using--
                                        ``(I) the Uniform Standards of
                                    Professional Appraisal Practice;
                                        ``(II) an areawide market analysis
                                    or survey; or
                                        ``(III) another industry-approved
                                    method.
                                ``(ii) Socially disadvantaged farmers and
                            ranchers exception.--In the case of eligible
                            land with respect to which a socially
                            disadvantaged farmer or rancher holds an
                            ownership interest of not less than 50 percent,
                            the Secretary may provide an amount not to
                            exceed 90 percent of the fair market value of
                            the agricultural land easement.
                                ``(iii) Grasslands exception.--In the case
                            of grassland of special environmental
                            significance, as determined by the Secretary,
                            the Secretary may provide an amount not to
                            exceed 75 percent of the fair market value of
                            the agricultural land easement.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by amending clause (i) to read as
                            follows:
                                ``(i) In general.--Under the agreement, the
                            eligible entity shall provide a non-Federal
                            share that is equivalent to the remainder of
                            the fair market value of the agricultural land
                            easement not provided by the Secretary under
                            subparagraph (A).'';
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii);
                                (iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as
                            clause (ii); and
                                (iv) in clause (ii), as so redesignated, in
                            the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking
                            ``subparagraph'' and inserting ``paragraph'';
                            and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Lower cost-share option.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding
                            paragraph (4)(C)(v), an eligible entity may
                            elect to enter into an agreement under
                            paragraph (4) in which the terms and conditions
                            of an agricultural land easement funded under
                            the agreement do not include a right of
                            enforcement for the Secretary if the eligible
                            entity agrees to a Federal share that does not
                            exceed 25 percent of the fair market value of
                            the agricultural land easement, as determined
                            by the Secretary under subparagraph (A).
                                ``(ii) Minimum terms and conditions.--Under
                            an agreement described in clause (i), an
                            eligible entity shall be authorized to use its
                            own terms and conditions for agricultural land
                            easements so long as the Secretary determines
                            such terms and conditions--
                                        ``(I) are consistent with the
                                    purposes of the program; and
                                        ``(II) permit effective enforcement
                                    of the conservation purposes of such
                                    easements.
                                ``(iii) Entity enforcement.--Under an
                            agreement described in clause (i), the
                            Secretary shall require the terms and
                            conditions for the agricultural land easement
                            to include a right of enforcement for the
                            eligible entity.
                                ``(iv) Cash contribution.--Under an
                            agreement described in clause (i), the eligible
                            entity shall provide cash resources in an
                            amount that is not less than 50 percent of the
                            fair market value of the agricultural land
                            easement, as determined by the Secretary under
                            subparagraph (A).''.
                (2) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--Section
            1265B(b)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3865b(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) Pooling of applications.--The Secretary may
                    evaluate and rank applications submitted by eligible
                    entities for the purchase of agricultural land
                    easements from landowners who are socially
                    disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately from
                    applications submitted for the purchase of agricultural
                    land easements from other landowners.''.
                (3) Agreements with eligible entities.--Section 1265B(b)(4)
            of the Food Security Act of 1985 (42 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(4)) is
            amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by striking clause (iii);
                                (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v)
                            as clauses (iii) and (iv), respectively;
                                (iii) in clause (iii), as so redesignated,
                            by striking the ``and'' at the end;
                                (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by
                            striking the period at the end and inserting
                            ``;''; and
                                (v) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) include a right of enforcement for
                            the Secretary that--
                                        ``(I) may be used only if the terms
                                    and conditions of the easement are not
                                    enforced by the eligible entity; and
                                        ``(II) does not extend to a right
                                    of inspection unless--
                                                ``(aa)(AA) the holder of
                                            the easement fails to provide
                                            monitoring reports in a timely
                                            manner; or
                                                ``(BB) the Secretary has a
                                            reasonable and articulable
                                            belief that the terms and
                                            conditions of the easement have
                                            been violated; and
                                                ``(bb) prior to the
                                            inspection, the Secretary
                                            notifies the eligible entity
                                            and the landowner of the
                                            inspection and provides a
                                            reasonable opportunity for the
                                            eligible entity and the
                                            landowner to participate in the
                                            inspection; and
                                ``(vi) include a right of the Secretary to
                            require the transfer of the easement to a
                            different eligible entity if the eligible
                            entity that holds the easement ceases to exist
                            or is no longer eligible to participate in the
                            program, as determined by the Secretary.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (I)(ff), by
                                    striking ``(v)'' and inserting
                                    ``(iv)''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (II), by striking
                                    the ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subclause (iii), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by inserting at the end the
                            following:
                                ``(iv) do not conflict with any minimum
                            terms or conditions under subparagraph (C) that
                            may be required.''.
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as
                    subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following:
                        ``(E) Modification of terms and conditions.--An
                    eligible entity shall be authorized to modify a term or
                    condition of an agricultural land easement funded under
                    an agreement under subparagraph (A) if such
                    modification does not conflict with any minimum term or
                    condition required by the Secretary under subparagraph
                    (C).''.
                (4) Certification of eligible entities.--Section
            1265B(b)(5) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3865b(b)(5)) is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by
                            striking ``under which the Secretary may'' and
                            inserting ``, to minimize administrative
                            burdens on the Secretary and recognize the
                            ability of experienced eligible entities to
                            administer easements with minimal oversight by
                            the Secretary, under which the Secretary
                            shall''; and
                                (ii) in clause (iv), by inserting ``, and
                            modify,'' after ``entity to use'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (II), by striking
                                    ``10'' and inserting ``5''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (III), by
                                    striking the ``or'' at the end;
                                (ii) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (I), by striking
                                    ``10'' and inserting ``5''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (II), by striking
                                    the period at the end and inserting ``;
                                    or'';
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iv) is an eligible entity not described
                            in clause (ii) or (iii) that has--
                                        ``(I) acquired not fewer than 10
                                    agricultural land easements under the
                                    program or any predecessor program; and
                                        ``(II) successfully met the
                                    responsibilities of the eligible entity
                                    under the applicable agreements with
                                    the Secretary, as determined by the
                                    Secretary, relating to agricultural
                                    land easements that the eligible entity
                                    has acquired under the program or any
                                    predecessor program.''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) in the header, by striking ``Review and
                            revision'' and inserting ``Review and
                            revocation'';
                                (ii) in the header of clause (i) by
                            striking ``Review'' and inserting ``Certified
                            entity review''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) Easement review.--The Secretary
                            shall establish and conduct an annual quality
                            review process to--
                                        ``(I) review a sample set of
                                    easements acquired by certified
                                    eligible entities;
                                        ``(II) ensure the integrity of the
                                    easement acquisition process under this
                                    section;
                                        ``(III) establish and enforce a
                                    process for corrective actions; and
                                        ``(IV) provide for a waiver of
                                    successive easement reviews based on
                                    demonstrated compliance.''.

    SEC. 2603. WETLAND RESERVE EASEMENTS.

        (a) Easements.--Section 1265C(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(D), by striking ``tribes'' and
            inserting ``Tribes and landowners who are socially
            disadvantaged farmers or ranchers''; and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (3)(C) the following:
                        ``(D) Pooling of applications.--The Secretary may
                    evaluate and rank offers from landowners who are
                    socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately
                    from offers from other landowners.''.
        (b) Easement Restoration.--Section 1265C(c)(1) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``subsection
    (f)'' and inserting ``subsection (g)''.
        (c) Easement Stewardship.--Section 1265C of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (d) through (g) as
            subsections (e) through (h); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (c), the following:
        ``(d) Easement Stewardship.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide financial
            assistance to owners of eligible land enrolled under this
            section for the repair, necessary maintenance, and enhancement
            activities described in the wetland reserve easement plan
            developed for the eligible land under subsection (g)(1).
                ``(2) Evaluation of stewardship need.--The Secretary
            shall--
                        ``(A) regularly assess land enrolled under this
                    section to identify maintenance and management needs,
                    including any needed repair or enhancement of existing
                    structural practices, in accordance with the applicable
                    wetland reserve easement plan;
                        ``(B) consistent with the purposes of the program,
                    create, execute, and update as necessary based on the
                    assessments carried out under subparagraph (A), a
                    stewardship strategy for--
                                ``(i) prioritizing and addressing the needs
                            identified under subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) projecting the amount of annual
                            funding needed for financial and technical
                            assistance to address such needs; and
                        ``(C) establish a 5-year schedule to address such
                    needs.
                ``(3) Payments.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall make payments in an amount that is not more
            than 100 percent of the eligible costs, as determined by the
            Secretary.
                ``(4) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024,
            the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
            Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes--
                        ``(A) an inventory of the existing stewardship
                    needs of all wetland reserve easements, based on the
                    assessments carried out under paragraph (2);
                        ``(B) the stewardship strategy created under
                    paragraph (2)(B);
                        ``(C) the amounts the Secretary plans to allocate
                    to address such stewardship needs, based on projections
                    made pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)(ii); and
                        ``(D) the planned use of compatible uses under
                    subsection (b)(5)(C), contracts or agreements under
                    subsection (e)(2), or wetland reserve easement plans
                    under subsection (g)(1) to ensure that each such
                    stewardship need is addressed.''.
        (d) Assistance.--Subsection (e) of section 1265C of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c), as so redesignated, is
    amended--
                (1) in the header, by striking ``Technical Assistance'' and
            inserting ``Assistance''; and
                (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter
            into 1 or more contracts or agreements with a Federal, State,
            or local agency, a nongovernmental organization, an Indian
            Tribe, or a private entity to carry out necessary restoration,
            enhancement, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of
            a wetland reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the
            contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the
            program.''.
        (e) Wetland Reserve Enhancement Option.--Subsection (f) of section
    1265C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c), as so
    redesignated, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the
            following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out
            this section, the Secretary shall reserve not less than 15
            percent to carry out this subsection.''.

    SEC. 2604. ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Subordination, Exchange, Modification, and Termination.--
    Section 1265D(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865d(c))
    is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Modification and exchange.--
                        ``(A) Modification.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            a modification of any interest in land, or
                            portion of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that the
                            modification--
                                        ``(I) will support the long-term
                                    agricultural viability of the
                                    applicable farm or ranch operation and
                                    the conservation values of the
                                    applicable easement;
                                        ``(II) will result in equal or
                                    increased conservation values;
                                        ``(III) is consistent with the
                                    original intent of the easement;
                                        ``(IV) is consistent with the
                                    purposes of the program; and
                                        ``(V) is in the public interest or
                                    furthers the practical administration
                                    of the program, including correcting
                                    errors, exercising reserved rights, and
                                    increasing flexibility to recognize
                                    changes in water availability or
                                    administration.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In modifying an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not,
                            except in the case of a modification that
                            includes a change to an easement to add
                            acreage, increase any payment to an eligible
                            entity.
                                ``(iii) NEPA compliance.--An action taken
                            pursuant to this subparagraph may not be
                            considered a major Federal action under section
                            102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy
                            Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)).
                        ``(B) Exchange.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            an exchange of any interest in land, or portion
                            of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that--
                                        ``(I) no reasonable alternative
                                    exists and the effect on the interest
                                    in land is avoided or minimized to the
                                    extent practicable; and
                                        ``(II) the exchange--
                                                ``(aa) results in equal or
                                            increased conservation values;
                                                ``(bb) results in equal or
                                            greater economic value to the
                                            United States;
                                                ``(cc) is consistent with
                                            the original intent of the
                                            easement;
                                                ``(dd) is consistent with
                                            the purposes of the program;
                                            and
                                                ``(ee) is in the public
                                            interest or furthers the
                                            practical administration of the
                                            program.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In exchanging an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not
                            increase any payment to an eligible entity.'';
                            and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) De minimis adjustments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may approve and
                    make de minimis adjustments to any interest in land, or
                    a portion of such interest, administered by the
                    Secretary, directly or on behalf of the Commodity
                    Credit Corporation, under the program if the Secretary
                    determines that the adjustment--
                                ``(i) furthers the practical administration
                            of the program; and
                                ``(ii) is not a subordination,
                            modification, exchange, or termination, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Types of de minimis adjustments.--De minimis
                    adjustments made under this paragraph may include title
                    corrections and other minor adjustments, including--
                                ``(i) typographical error corrections;
                                ``(ii) minor changes in legal descriptions
                            as a result of survey or mapping errors;
                                ``(iii) the transfer of an interest of an
                            eligible entity to another eligible entity;
                                ``(iv) changes to a building envelope
                            boundary;
                                ``(v) relocation of easement access;
                                ``(vi) authorization of temporary work
                            areas not associated with other easement
                            administration actions; and
                                ``(vii) other adjustments determined
                            necessary by the Secretary.''.
        (b) Adjusted Gross Income Exemption.--Section 1265D of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865D) is amended by adding at the end
    the following:
        ``(f) Adjusted Gross Income Exemption.--The adjusted gross income
    limitation described in section 1001D(b)(1) shall not apply to any
    payment or other assistance under this subtitle.''.

                Subtitle H--Forest Conservation Easement Program

    SEC. 2701. FOREST CONSERVATION EASEMENT PROGRAM.

        Title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.)
    is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subtitle I (16 U.S.C. 3871 et seq.) as
            subtitle J; and
                (2) by inserting after subtitle H (16 U.S.C. 3865 et seq.)
            the following:

               ``Subtitle I--Forest Conservation Easement Program

    ``SEC. 1267. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

        ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a forest
    conservation easement program for the conservation and restoration of
    eligible land and natural resources through the acquisition of
    conservation easements or other interests in land.
        ``(b) Purposes.--The purposes of the program are--
                ``(1) to protect the viability and sustainability of
            working forest land, and related conservation values of
            eligible land, by limiting the negative effects of nonforest
            land uses of such land;
                ``(2) to protect and enhance forest ecosystem and landscape
            functions and values;
                ``(3) to promote the restoration, protection, and
            improvement of habitat of species that are threatened,
            endangered, or otherwise at risk; and
                ``(4) to carry out the purposes and functions of the
            healthy forests reserve program established under title V of
            the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et
            seq.), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of
            this section.

    ``SEC. 1267A. DEFINITIONS.

        ``In this subtitle:
                ``(1) Acreage owned by an indian tribe.--The term `acreage
            owned by an Indian Tribe' means--
                        ``(A) land that is held in trust by the United
                    States for Indian Tribes or individual Indians;
                        ``(B) land, the title to which is held by Indian
                    Tribes or individual Indians subject to Federal
                    restrictions against alienation or encumbrance;
                        ``(C) land that is subject to rights of use,
                    occupancy, and benefit of certain Indian Tribes;
                        ``(D) land that is held in fee title by an Indian
                    Tribe;
                        ``(E) land that is owned by a native corporation
                    formed under--
                                ``(i) section 17 of the Act of June 18,
                            1934 (commonly known as the `Indian
                            Reorganization Act') (25 U.S.C. 5124); or
                                ``(ii) section 8 of the Alaska Native
                            Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1607); and
                        ``(F) a combination of 1 or more types of land
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
                ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                        ``(A) an agency of State or local government or an
                    Indian Tribe (including a land resource council
                    established under State law); or
                        ``(B) an organization that is--
                                ``(i) organized for, and at all times since
                            the formation of the organization has been
                            operated principally for, 1 or more of the
                            conservation purposes specified in clause (i),
                            (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 170(h)(4)(A) of
                            the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                                ``(ii) an organization described in section
                            501(c)(3) of that Code that is exempt from
                            taxation under section 501(a) of that Code; or
                                ``(iii) described in--
                                        ``(I) paragraph (1) or (2) of
                                    section 509(a) of that Code; or
                                        ``(II) section 509(a)(3) of that
                                    Code and is controlled by an
                                    organization described in section
                                    509(a)(2) of that Code.
                ``(3) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means
            private land or acreage owned by an Indian Tribe--
                        ``(A) that is--
                                ``(i) forest land; or
                                ``(ii) being restored to forest land;
                        ``(B) in the case of a forest land easement--
                                ``(i) the enrollment of which would protect
                            working forests and related conservation values
                            by conserving land; or
                                ``(ii) the protection of which will further
                            a State or local policy consistent with the
                            purposes of the program; and
                        ``(C) in the case of a forest reserve easement, the
                    enrollment of which will maintain, restore, enhance, or
                    otherwise measurably--
                                ``(i) increase the likelihood of recovery
                            of a species that is listed as endangered or
                            threatened under section 4 of the Endangered
                            Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533); or
                                ``(ii) improve the well-being of a species
                            that is--
                                        ``(I) not listed as endangered or
                                    threatened under that section; and
                                        ``(II)(aa) a candidate for that
                                    listing, a State-listed species, or a
                                    special concern species; or
                                        ``(bb) designated as a species of
                                    greatest conservation need by a State
                                    wildlife action plan.
                ``(4) Forest land easement.--The term `forest land
            easement' means an easement or other interest in eligible land
            that--
                        ``(A) is conveyed to an eligible entity for the
                    purpose of protecting natural resources and the forest
                    nature of the eligible land; and
                        ``(B) permits the landowner the right to continue
                    working forest production and related uses, consistent
                    with an applicable forest management plan.
                ``(5) Forest management plan.--The term `forest management
            plan' means--
                        ``(A) a forest stewardship plan described in
                    section 5(f) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act
                    of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103a(f));
                        ``(B) another plan approved by the applicable State
                    forester or State forestry agency;
                        ``(C) a plan developed under a third-party
                    certification system determined appropriate by the
                    Secretary; or
                        ``(D) another plan determined appropriate by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(6) Forest reserve easement.--The term `forest reserve
            easement' means an easement or other interest in eligible land
            that--
                        ``(A) is conveyed to the Secretary for the purpose
                    of protecting natural resources and the forest nature
                    of the eligible land; and
                        ``(B) permits the landowner the right to continue
                    working forest production and related uses consistent
                    with the applicable forest reserve easement plan
                    developed under section 1267C(c)(1)(A).
                ``(7) Program.--The term `program' means the forest
            conservation easement program established under this subtitle.
                ``(8) Socially disadvantaged forest landowner.--The term
            `socially disadvantaged forest landowner' means a forest
            landowner who is a member of a socially disadvantaged group (as
            defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture,
            Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).

    ``SEC. 1267B. FOREST LAND EASEMENTS.

        ``(a) Availability of Assistance.--The Secretary shall facilitate
    and provide funding for--
                ``(1) the purchase by eligible entities of forest land
            easements on eligible land;
                ``(2) the development of a forest management plan; and
                ``(3) technical assistance to implement this section.
        ``(b) Cost-Share Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall protect working
            forests, and related conservation values of eligible land,
            through cost-share assistance to eligible entities for
            purchasing forest land easements.
                ``(2) Scope of assistance available.--
                        ``(A) Federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), an agreement described in
                            paragraph (4) shall provide for a Federal share
                            of 50 percent of the fair market value of the
                            forest land easement, as determined by the
                            Secretary.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--An agreement described
                            in paragraph (4) may provide for a Federal
                            share of not more than 75 percent of the fair
                            market value of a forest land easement in the
                            case of eligible land that is--
                                        ``(I) a forest of special
                                    environmental significance, as
                                    determined by the Secretary; or
                                        ``(II) owned by a socially
                                    disadvantaged forest landowner.
                        ``(B) Non-federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Under an agreement
                            described in paragraph (4), the eligible entity
                            shall provide a non-Federal share that is
                            equivalent to the remainder of the fair market
                            value of the forest land easement not provided
                            by the Secretary under subparagraph (A).
                                ``(ii) Permissible forms.--The non-Federal
                            share provided by an eligible entity under this
                            paragraph may comprise--
                                        ``(I) cash resources;
                                        ``(II) a charitable donation or
                                    qualified conservation contribution (as
                                    defined in section 170(h) of the
                                    Internal Revenue Code of 1986) from the
                                    private forest landowner from which the
                                    forest land easement will be purchased;
                                        ``(III) costs associated with
                                    securing a deed to the forest land
                                    easement, including the cost of
                                    appraisal, survey, inspection, and
                                    title; and
                                        ``(IV) other costs, as determined
                                    by the Secretary.
                        ``(C) Determination of fair market value.--For
                    purposes of this paragraph, the Secretary shall
                    determine the fair market value of a forest land
                    easement using--
                                ``(i) the Uniform Standards of Professional
                            Appraisal Practice;
                                ``(ii) an areawide market analysis or
                            survey; or
                                ``(iii) another industry-approved method.
                ``(3) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--
                        ``(A) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish
                    evaluation and ranking criteria to maximize the benefit
                    of Federal investment under the program.
                        ``(B) Priority.--In evaluating applications under
                    the program, the Secretary shall give priority to an
                    application for the purchase of a forest land
                    easement--
                                ``(i) that maintains the viability of a
                            working forest, as determined by the Secretary;
                            and
                                ``(ii) on eligible land for which a forest
                            management plan has been developed at the time
                            of application.
                        ``(C) Considerations.--In establishing the criteria
                    under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall emphasize
                    support for--
                                ``(i) protecting working forests and
                            related conservation values of eligible land;
                                ``(ii) reducing fragmentation of forest
                            land; and
                                ``(iii) maximizing the areas protected from
                            conversion to nonforest uses.
                ``(4) Agreements with eligible entities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into
                    agreements with eligible entities to stipulate the
                    terms and conditions under which the eligible entity is
                    permitted to use cost-share assistance provided under
                    this section.
                        ``(B) Length of agreements.--An agreement under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be for a term that is not less
                    than 3, but not more than 5, years, unless the
                    Secretary determines that a longer term is justified.
                        ``(C) Minimum terms and conditions.--An eligible
                    entity shall be authorized to use its own terms and
                    conditions for forest land easements so long as the
                    Secretary determines such terms and conditions--
                                ``(i) are consistent with--
                                        ``(I) the purposes of the program;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) the forestry activities to
                                    be conducted on the eligible land;
                                ``(ii) permit effective enforcement of the
                            conservation purposes of the forest land
                            easements;
                                ``(iii) include a requirement to implement
                            a forest management plan on eligible land
                            subject to a forest land easement;
                                ``(iv) include a limit on the impervious
                            surfaces to be allowed that is consistent with
                            the forestry activities to be conducted; and
                                ``(v) include a right of enforcement for
                            the Secretary that--
                                        ``(I) may be used only if the terms
                                    and conditions of the forest land
                                    easement are not enforced by the
                                    eligible entity; and
                                        ``(II) does not extend to a right
                                    of inspection unless--
                                                ``(aa)(AA) the holder of
                                            the forest land easement fails
                                            to provide monitoring reports
                                            in a timely manner; or
                                                ``(BB) the Secretary has a
                                            reasonable and articulable
                                            belief that the terms and
                                            conditions of the forest land
                                            easement have been violated;
                                            and
                                                ``(bb) prior to the
                                            inspection, the Secretary
                                            notifies the eligible entity
                                            and the landowner of the
                                            inspection and provides a
                                            reasonable opportunity for the
                                            eligible entity and the
                                            landowner to participate in the
                                            inspection.
                        ``(D) Substitution of qualified projects.--An
                    agreement under subparagraph (A) shall allow, upon
                    mutual agreement of the parties, substitution of
                    qualified projects that are identified at the time of
                    the proposed substitution.
                        ``(E) Effect of violation.--If a violation of a
                    term or condition of an agreement under subparagraph
                    (A) occurs--
                                ``(i) the Secretary may terminate the
                            agreement; and
                                ``(ii) the Secretary may require the
                            eligible entity to refund all or part of any
                            payments received by the eligible entity under
                            the program, with interest on the payments as
                            determined appropriate by the Secretary.
                ``(5) Forest management plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If the eligible land does not
                    have a forest management plan at the time of
                    application, prior to the acquisition of the forest
                    land easement the landowner shall develop, in
                    partnership with the eligible entity, a forest
                    management plan for the land subject to the forest land
                    easement.
                        ``(B) Reimbursement.--The Secretary may reimburse
                    the landowner for the cost of the development of a
                    forest management plan for eligible land enrolled under
                    this section.
        ``(c) Method of Enrollment.--The Secretary shall enroll eligible
    land under this section through the use of--
                ``(1) permanent easements; or
                ``(2) easements for the maximum duration allowed under
            applicable State laws.
        ``(d) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may provide technical
    assistance, on request, to assist in compliance with the terms and
    conditions of forest land easements.

    ``SEC. 1267C. FOREST RESERVE EASEMENTS.

        ``(a) Availability of Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide
    assistance to owners of eligible land to restore, protect, and enhance
    eligible land through--
                ``(1) forest reserve easements and related forest reserve
            easement plans; and
                ``(2) technical assistance to implement this section.
        ``(b) Easements.--
                ``(1) Method of enrollment.--
                        ``(A) Authorized methods.--The Secretary shall
                    enroll eligible land under this section--
                                ``(i) through the use of--
                                        ``(I) permanent easements;
                                        ``(II) 30-year easements; and
                                        ``(III) easements for the maximum
                                    duration allowed under applicable State
                                    laws; and
                                ``(ii) in the case of acreage owned by an
                            Indian Tribe, through the use of--
                                        ``(I) 30-year contracts (the
                                    compensation for which shall be
                                    equivalent to the compensation for 30-
                                    year easements); or
                                        ``(II) permanent easements.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--Not more than 10 percent of
                    amounts made available to carry out this section in a
                    fiscal year may be used for 30-year easements under
                    this section.
                ``(2) Evaluation and ranking of offers.--
                        ``(A) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish
                    evaluation and ranking criteria for offers from
                    landowners under this section.
                        ``(B) Priority.--The Secretary shall give priority
                    to the enrollment of eligible land under this section
                    that provides the greatest conservation benefit to--
                                ``(i) primarily, species listed as
                            endangered or threatened under section 4 of the
                            Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
                            1533); and
                                ``(ii) secondarily, species that are--
                                        ``(I) not listed as endangered or
                                    threatened under that section; and
                                        ``(II)(aa) candidates for that
                                    listing, State-listed species, or
                                    special concern species; or
                                        ``(bb) designated as species of
                                    greatest conservation need by a State
                                    wildlife action plan.
                        ``(C) Other considerations.--The Secretary may give
                    additional consideration to eligible land the
                    enrollment under this section of which will--
                                ``(i) improve biological diversity;
                                ``(ii) restore native forest ecosystems;
                                ``(iii) conserve forest land that provides
                            habitat for species described in subparagraph
                            (B);
                                ``(iv) reduce fragmentation of forest land;
                            and
                                ``(v) increase carbon sequestration.
                ``(3) Terms and conditions of easements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A forest reserve easement shall
                    include terms and conditions that--
                                ``(i) are consistent with the purposes of
                            the program and the forestry activities to be
                            conducted on the eligible land;
                                ``(ii) are consistent with the management
                            objectives of the owner of the eligible land
                            and the implementation of the forest reserve
                            easement plan developed under subsection
                            (c)(1)(A);
                                ``(iii) permit effective enforcement of the
                            conservation purposes of the forest reserve
                            easements;
                                ``(iv) provide for the efficient and
                            effective establishment or enhancement of
                            forest ecosystem functions and values; and
                                ``(v) include such additional provisions as
                            the Secretary determines are desirable to carry
                            out the program or facilitate the practical
                            administration of the program.
                        ``(B) Requested terms and conditions.--An owner of
                    eligible land may request that a term or condition be
                    included in a forest reserve easement, and the
                    Secretary may include such term or condition, if it--
                                ``(i) is consistent with the management
                            objectives of the owner of the eligible land
                            and the implementation of the forest reserve
                            easement plan developed under subsection
                            (c)(1)(A); and
                                ``(ii) does not conflict with any terms or
                            conditions included under subparagraph (A).
                ``(4) Compensation.--
                        ``(A) Permanent easements.--In the case of eligible
                    land enrolled in a permanent easement under this
                    section, the Secretary shall pay the owner of the
                    eligible land an amount equal to the difference
                    between, as determined by the Secretary--
                                ``(i) the fair market value of the eligible
                            land before the enrollment in the permanent
                            easement; and
                                ``(ii) the fair market value of the
                            eligible land as encumbered by the permanent
                            easement.
                        ``(B) Other.--The Secretary shall pay the owner of
                    eligible land enrolled under this section in a 30-year
                    contract, a 30-year easement, or an easement for the
                    maximum duration allowed under applicable State laws,
                    not less than 50 percent, and not more than 75 percent,
                    of the compensation that would be paid under
                    subparagraph (A) if the land were being enrolled in a
                    permanent easement.
                        ``(C) Determination of fair market value.--The
                    Secretary shall determine the fair market value of
                    eligible land for purposes of this paragraph using the
                    Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice or
                    another industry-approved method.
        ``(c) Easement Restoration and Management.--
                ``(1) Forest reserve easement plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Land enrolled in a forest
                    reserve easement shall be subject to a forest reserve
                    easement plan, to be developed jointly by the landowner
                    and the Secretary, that describes such activities to be
                    carried out on the land as are necessary to restore,
                    maintain, and enhance habitat for species described in
                    subsection (b)(2)(B).
                        ``(B) Practices and measures.--A forest reserve
                    easement plan developed under subparagraph (A) shall
                    require implementation of such practices and measures
                    as are necessary to accomplish the activities described
                    in the plan under such subparagraph, which may
                    include--
                                ``(i) vegetative management and
                            silviculture practices;
                                ``(ii) structural practices and measures;
                                ``(iii) practices to increase carbon
                            sequestration;
                                ``(iv) practices to improve biological
                            diversity; and
                                ``(v) other practices and measures, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                ``(2) Financial assistance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide
                    financial assistance to owners of eligible land to
                    carry out the activities, practices, and measures
                    described in the forest reserve easement plan developed
                    for the eligible land under paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Payments.--With respect to financial
                    assistance provided under subparagraph (A), the
                    Secretary shall pay--
                                ``(i) in the case of a forest reserve
                            easement plan for eligible land enrolled in a
                            permanent easement, an amount that is not more
                            than 100 percent of the eligible costs
                            described in subparagraph (C), as determined by
                            the Secretary; and
                                ``(ii) in the case of a forest reserve
                            easement plan for eligible land enrolled in a
                            30-year contract, a 30-year easement, or an
                            easement for the maximum duration allowed under
                            applicable State laws, an amount that is not
                            less than 50 percent, and not more than 75
                            percent, of the eligible costs described in
                            subparagraph (C), as determined by the
                            Secretary.
                        ``(C) Eligible costs.--Costs eligible for payments
                    under this paragraph are the costs of activities,
                    practices, and measures referred to in subparagraph (A)
                    that are associated with the restoration or enhancement
                    of the habitat conditions specified for the applicable
                    species in the forest reserve easement plan.
                        ``(D) Timing of payments.--Payments under this
                    paragraph shall be made--
                                ``(i) only on a determination by the
                            Secretary that an activity, practice, or
                            measure described in subparagraph (C) has been
                            established in compliance with appropriate
                            standards and specifications, which
                            determination shall be made as soon as
                            practicable after establishment; and
                                ``(ii) as soon as possible after such
                            determination is made.
                        ``(E) Limitations.--Financial assistance provided
                    by the Secretary under this paragraph to an owner of
                    eligible land may not exceed $500,000 per easement or
                    contract.
        ``(d) Technical Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to owners of
            eligible land technical assistance to assist the owners in--
                        ``(A) developing a forest reserve easement plan;
                    and
                        ``(B) complying with the terms and conditions of a
                    forest reserve easement, including the implementation
                    of a forest reserve easement plan.
                ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter
            into 1 or more contracts with private entities or agreements
            with a State, nongovernmental organization, or Indian Tribe to
            provide technical assistance described in paragraph (1), if the
            Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will
            advance the purposes of the program.
        ``(e) Protections and Measures.--
                ``(1) Protections.--In the case of a landowner who enrolls
            eligible land in a forest reserve easement, and whose
            conservation activities under the forest reserve easement plan
            developed for such land result in a net conservation benefit
            for a species described in subsection (b)(2)(B), the Secretary
            shall make available to the landowner safe harbor or similar
            assurances and protection under--
                        ``(A) section 7(b)(4) of the Endangered Species Act
                    of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1536(b)(4)); or
                        ``(B) section 10(a)(1) of that Act (16 U.S.C.
                    1539(a)(1)).
                ``(2) Measures.--If protection under paragraph (1) requires
            the taking of measures that are in addition to the measures
            covered by the forest reserve easement plan developed for the
            eligible land, the cost of the additional measures, and the
            cost of any permit, shall be considered costs eligible for
            payments under subsection (c)(2).
        ``(f) Administration.--
                ``(1) Delegation of easement administration.--
                        ``(A) Federal and state agencies.--The Secretary
                    may delegate any of the management, monitoring, and
                    enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary under
                    this section to other Federal or State agencies that
                    have the appropriate authority, expertise, and
                    resources necessary to carry out those delegated
                    responsibilities.
                        ``(B) Conservation organizations.--The Secretary
                    may delegate any of the management responsibilities of
                    the Secretary under this section to a nonprofit
                    conservation organization if the Secretary determines
                    the organization has the appropriate expertise and
                    resources necessary to carry out those delegated
                    responsibilities.
                ``(2) Involvement by other agencies and organizations.--In
            carrying out this section, the Secretary may consult with--
                        ``(A) private forest landowners;
                        ``(B) other Federal agencies;
                        ``(C) State forestry agencies;
                        ``(D) State fish and wildlife agencies;
                        ``(E) State environmental quality agencies;
                        ``(F) other State conservation agencies; and
                        ``(G) nonprofit conservation organizations.

    ``SEC. 1267D. ADMINISTRATION.

        ``(a) Ineligible Land.--The Secretary shall not use amounts made
    available to carry out the program for the purposes of acquiring an
    easement on--
                ``(1) land owned by a Federal agency, other than such land
            that is acreage owned by an Indian Tribe;
                ``(2) land owned in fee title by a State, including an
            agency or a subdivision of a State, or a unit of local
            government;
                ``(3) land subject to an easement or deed restriction that,
            as determined by the Secretary, provides similar protection as
            would be provided by enrollment in the program; or
                ``(4) land the enrollment in the program of which would
            undermine the purposes of the program due to on-site or off-
            site conditions, such as risk of hazardous substances,
            permitted or existing rights of way, infrastructure
            development, or adjacent land uses.
        ``(b) Subordination, Exchange, Modification, and Termination.--
                ``(1) Subordination.--The Secretary may subordinate any
            interest in eligible land, or portion of such an interest,
            administered by the Secretary (including for the purposes of
            utilities and energy transmission services) directly or on
            behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the program if
            the Secretary determines that the subordination--
                        ``(A) increases conservation values or has a
                    limited negative effect on conservation values;
                        ``(B) minimally affects the acreage subject to the
                    interest in eligible land; and
                        ``(C) is in the public interest or furthers the
                    practical administration of the program.
                ``(2) Modification and exchange.--
                        ``(A) Modification.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            a modification of any interest in land, or
                            portion of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that the
                            modification--
                                        ``(I) will support the viability
                                    and sustainability of working forests
                                    and the conservation values of the
                                    applicable easement;
                                        ``(II) will result in equal or
                                    increased conservation values;
                                        ``(III) is consistent with the
                                    original intent of the easement;
                                        ``(IV) is consistent with the
                                    purposes of the program; and
                                        ``(V) is in the public interest or
                                    furthers the practical administration
                                    of the program, including correcting
                                    errors and exercising reserved rights.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In modifying an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not,
                            except in the case of a modification that
                            includes a change to an easement to add
                            acreage, increase any payment to an eligible
                            entity.
                        ``(B) Exchange.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            an exchange of any interest in land, or portion
                            of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that--
                                        ``(I) no reasonable alternative
                                    exists and the effect on the interest
                                    in land is avoided or minimized to the
                                    extent practicable; and
                                        ``(II) the exchange--
                                                ``(aa) results in equal or
                                            increased conservation values;
                                                ``(bb) results in equal or
                                            greater economic value to the
                                            United States;
                                                ``(cc) is consistent with
                                            the original intent of the
                                            easement;
                                                ``(dd) is consistent with
                                            the purposes of the program;
                                            and
                                                ``(ee) is in the public
                                            interest or furthers the
                                            practical administration of the
                                            program.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In exchanging an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not
                            increase any payment to an eligible entity.
                ``(3) Termination.--The Secretary may approve a termination
            of any interest in eligible land, or portion of such an
            interest, administered by the Secretary, directly or on behalf
            of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the program if the
            Secretary determines that--
                        ``(A) termination is in the interest of the Federal
                    Government;
                        ``(B) the United States will be fully compensated
                    for--
                                ``(i) the value of the interest in the
                            land, as determined by the Secretary;
                                ``(ii) any costs relating to the
                            termination; and
                                ``(iii) any damages determined appropriate
                            by the Secretary; and
                        ``(C) the termination will--
                                ``(i) address a compelling public need for
                            which there is no practicable alternative even
                            with avoidance and minimization; and
                                ``(ii) further the practical administration
                            of the program.
                ``(4) Consent.--The Secretary shall obtain consent from the
            landowner and eligible entity, if applicable, for any
            subordination, exchange, modification, or termination of an
            interest in eligible land, or portion of such an interest,
            under this subsection.
                ``(5) Notice.--Not fewer than 90 days before taking any
            termination action described in paragraph (3), the Secretary
            shall provide written notice of that action to the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee
            on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
        ``(c) Land Enrolled in Other Programs.--In accordance with the
    provisions of section 2902 of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
    of 2024, land enrolled in the healthy forests reserve program
    established under title V of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of
    2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) on the day before the date of enactment
    of this section shall be considered enrolled in the program.''.

             Subtitle I--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

    SEC. 2801. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

        Section 1271(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3871(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) To address natural resource concerns on eligible land
            on a regional or watershed scale, including through--
                        ``(A) the conservation, protection, restoration,
                    and sustainable use of soil;
                        ``(B) the conservation and protection of water,
                    including sources of drinking water and groundwater;
                        ``(C) the prevention and mitigation of the effects
                    of flooding and drought, and the improvement or
                    expansion of flood resiliency; and
                        ``(D) the conservation of wildlife, agricultural
                    land, and related natural resources.''.

    SEC. 2802. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1271A(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3871a(1)) is amended by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the
    following:
                        ``(D) The forest conservation easement program
                    established under subtitle I.''.

    SEC. 2803. REGIONAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS.

        (a) Partnership Agreements Authorized.--Section 1271B(a) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(a)) is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(a) Partnership Agreements Authorized.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into a
            partnership agreement with an eligible partner to implement a
            project that will assist producers with installing and
            maintaining an eligible activity on eligible land.
                ``(2) Streamlining required.--The Secretary shall ensure
            that a partnership agreement under paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) is entered into not later than 180 days after
                    the date on which an application is selected under
                    subsection (e); and
                        ``(B) contains only--
                                ``(i) the information, described under
                            subsection (e)(3), necessary to fund and
                            initiate the project to be implemented under
                            the partnership agreement; and
                                ``(ii) any adjustments to the requirements
                            of a covered program determined necessary by
                            the Secretary under paragraph (2) of section
                            1271E(f), and any waiver provided under
                            paragraph (3) of such section.
                ``(3) Process for requesting waivers and adjustments.--The
            Secretary shall make available information on the process for
            requesting a waiver or an adjustment to the requirements of a
            covered program pursuant to section 1271E(f).''.
        (b) Duties of Secretary.--Section 1271B(d) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(d)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``how the Secretary
            used amounts reserved by the Secretary for that year for
            technical assistance under section 1271D(f); and'' and
            inserting ``the use of funds for technical assistance under
            section 1271D(c);'';
                (2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and
            inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) ensure payments to eligible partners under a
            partnership agreement are made not later than 30 days after the
            date on which the eligible partner submits to the Secretary a
            request for payment.''.
        (c) Applications.--Section 1271B(e)(3) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(e)(3)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F);
            and
                (3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                        ``(E) any requests by an eligible partner for a
                    waiver or an adjustment to the requirements of a
                    covered program pursuant to section 1271E(f); and''.

    SEC. 2804. ASSISTANCE TO PRODUCERS.

        Section 1271C(d)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3871c(d)(3)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
                (2) in subparagraph (A)(iv), by striking the ``and'' at the
            end; and
                (3) by inserting after subparagraph (A)(iv) the following:
                        ``(B) provide, under section 1271B(c)(2), not less
                    than 50 percent of the overall costs of the scope of
                    the project that is the subject of a partnership
                    agreement funded pursuant to paragraph (1) in direct
                    funding; and''.

    SEC. 2805. FUNDING.

        (a) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1271D of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (3871d) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b);
                (2) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and (e) as
            subsections (a), (b), and (c), respectively; and
                (3) in subsection (a), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``subsection (a)'' and inserting ``section 1241(a)(6)''.
        (b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--Subsection (b) of
    section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d), as so
    redesignated, is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--
                ``(1) In general.--Of the funds made available to implement
            a project under a partnership agreement, the Secretary may use
            not more than ten percent to reimburse the eligible partner for
            administrative expenses relating to the project.
                ``(2) Consideration.--Any amounts expended by an eligible
            partner for administrative expenses that are not reimbursed
            under paragraph (1) may be considered to be a part of the
            contribution of the eligible partner under section
            1271B(c)(2).''.
        (c) Technical Assistance.--Subsection (c) of section 1271D of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d), as so redesignated, is
    amended to read as follows:
        ``(c) Technical Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall, through a
            partnership agreement, identify--
                        ``(A) the total amount of funds that will be used
                    for technical assistance; and
                        ``(B) the share of such funds that will be provided
                    to eligible partners under paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Provision of assistance.--
                        ``(A) Reimbursement.--Under a partnership agreement
                    that is not funded through an alternative funding
                    arrangement or grant agreement under section 1271C(d),
                    the Secretary may reimburse eligible partners for the
                    costs of technical assistance provided through such
                    partnership agreement, including--
                                ``(i) the costs of technical assistance
                            needed to facilitate the maximum conservation
                            benefit of the applicable project;
                                ``(ii) the costs of providing outreach and
                            education to producers for potential
                            participation in the applicable project;
                                ``(iii) the costs of establishing baseline
                            metrics to support the development of the
                            assessment required under section
                            1271B(c)(1)(E); and
                                ``(iv) other costs necessary to support the
                            implementation of eligible activities, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Advancement of funds.--The Secretary may
                    advance to eligible partners reasonable amounts of
                    funds for costs that may be reimbursed under
                    subparagraph (A), as determined by the Secretary.
                ``(3) Limitation.--The Secretary shall limit costs of the
            Secretary for technical assistance to costs necessary to carry
            out the objectives of the program.
                ``(4) Reduction of administrative barriers.--The Secretary
            shall provide a single, simplified process for reimbursements
            or advancements to eligible partners for the costs of technical
            assistance under this subsection.
                ``(5) Third-party providers.--The Secretary shall develop
            and implement strategies to encourage third-party technical
            service providers to provide technical assistance to eligible
            partners pursuant to a partnership agreement.''.

    SEC. 2806. ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Reporting.--Section 1271E(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3871e(b)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1)
    by inserting ``make publicly available and'' after ``the Secretary
    shall''.
        (b) Consistency With Covered Program Rules.--Section 1271E of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871e) is amended by adding at the
    end the following:
        ``(f) Consistency With Covered Program Requirements.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in this subsection,
            the Secretary shall ensure that the terms and conditions of a
            program contract are consistent with the requirements of the
            applicable covered program to be used as part of the applicable
            partnership agreement.
                ``(2) Adjustments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may, if the
                    Secretary determines necessary, adjust a regulatory
                    requirement of a covered program to be used as a part
                    of a partnership agreement, or related guidance, as it
                    applies to an eligible activity carried out under a
                    program contract entered into pursuant to the
                    partnership agreement--
                                ``(i) to provide a simplified process; or
                                ``(ii) to better reflect unique local
                            circumstances.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not adjust
                    the application of statutory requirements for a covered
                    program to be used as a part of a partnership
                    agreement, including requirements governing appeals,
                    payment limits, and conservation compliance.
                ``(3) Waiver.--With respect to a program contract for an
            eligible activity under the agricultural conservation easement
            program, the Secretary may, in the applicable partnership
            agreement, waive the application of clauses (ii) or (iii)(III)
            of section 1265A(4)(A) for purposes of determining the
            eligibility of land.
                ``(4) Certification applicability.--With respect to a
            partnership agreement entered into for acquisition of
            easements, the Secretary shall apply the authorities applicable
            to the eligible partner under section 1265B(b)(5)(A) if the
            eligible partner is an eligible entity certified under such
            section.
                ``(5) Exemption.--With respect to a program contract that
            includes an eligible activity under the environmental quality
            incentives program to be installed and maintained in a State in
            which irrigation has not been used significantly for
            agricultural purposes, as determined by the Secretary, the
            Secretary may not consider prior irrigation history when
            determining the eligibility of land.
                ``(6) Application.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to
            partnership agreements funded pursuant to section 1271C(d).''.

    SEC. 2807. CRITICAL CONSERVATION AREAS.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 1271F(a)(2)(C) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f(a)(2)(C)) is amended by inserting ``,
    including restoration and enhancement of wildlife habitat connectivity
    and wildlife migration corridors'' before the semicolon at the end.
        (b) Applications.--Section 1271F(b) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f(b)) is amended by striking ``funds under section
    1271D(d)(2)'' and inserting ``funds allocated under section
    1271D(a)(2)''.

                Subtitle J--Repeals and Transitional Provisions

    SEC. 2901. SUPERSEDED CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM AUTHORITIES.

        (a) Repeals.--
                (1) Farmable wetland program.--Section 1231B of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831b) is repealed.
                (2) Pilot programs.--Section 1231C of the Food Security Act
            of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is repealed.
        (b) Transitional Provisions.--
                (1) Effect on existing contracts and agreements.--Subject
            to paragraph (2), this title, and the amendments made by this
            title, shall not affect the validity or terms of any contract
            or agreement entered into by the Secretary under subchapter B
            of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security
            Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) before the date of
            enactment of this Act, or any payments or technical assistance
            required to be made in connection with the contract or
            agreement.
                (2) Modification of existing contracts and agreements.--The
            signatories to a contract or an agreement entered into under
            subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the
            Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) before the
            date of enactment of this Act may mutually agree to a
            modification of the contract or agreement to implement this
            title, and the amendments made by this title.
                (3) Extension permitted.--Notwithstanding the repeal of
            sections 1231B and 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 made
            by subsection (a), the Secretary may extend for 1 year a
            contract or agreement entered into under either such section
            before the date of enactment of this Act, if that contract or
            agreement expires on or before September 30, 2025, under the
            terms and payment rate of the existing contract or agreement
            and in accordance with section 1231B or 1231C of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (as in effect on the day before the date
            of enactment of this Act), as applicable.
                (4) Funding.--
                        (A) Use of prior year funds.--Notwithstanding the
                    amendments made by this title, any funds made available
                    from the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out
                    subchapter B of chapter 1 of title XII of the Food
                    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) (as in
                    effect on the day before the date of enactment of this
                    Act) for any of fiscal years 2019 through 2024 shall be
                    made available to carry out contracts and agreements
                    that were entered into under such subchapter prior to
                    the date of enactment of this Act, subject to the
                    condition that no such contract or agreement may be
                    modified so as to increase the amount of land enrolled
                    or the amount of the payment received.
                        (B) Other.--The Secretary may use funds made
                    available to carry out subchapter B of chapter 1 of
                    title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 to continue
                    to carry out contracts or agreements that were entered
                    into under such subchapter prior to the date of
                    enactment of this Act using the provisions of law
                    (including regulations) applicable to those contracts
                    or agreements as in existence on the day before the
                    date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 2902. HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAM.

        (a) Repeal.--
                (1) In general.--Title V of the Healthy Forests Restoration
            Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) is repealed.
                (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents in section
            1(b) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law
            108-148; 117 Stat. 1887) is amended by striking the items
            relating to title V.
        (b) Transitional Provisions.--
                (1) Effect on existing contracts, agreements, and
            easements.--The repeal made by subsection (a) shall not affect
            the validity or terms of any contract, agreement, or easement
            entered into by the Secretary under title V of the Healthy
            Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) before
            the date of enactment of this Act, or any payments or technical
            assistance required to be made in connection with the contract,
            agreement, or easement.
                (2) Funding.--
                        (A) Use of prior year funds.--Notwithstanding the
                    repeal made by subsection (a), any funds made available
                    from the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the
                    healthy forests reserve program established under title
                    V of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
                    U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) (as in effect on the day before
                    the date of enactment of this Act) for any of fiscal
                    years 2019 through 2024 shall be made available to
                    carry out contracts, agreements, or easements referred
                    to in paragraph (1), subject to the condition that no
                    such contract, agreement, or easement may be modified
                    so as to increase the amount of any payment received.
                        (B) Other.--The Secretary may use funds made
                    available to carry out the forest conservation easement
                    program established under subtitle I of the Food
                    Security Act of 1985 to continue to carry out
                    contracts, agreements, or easements referred to in
                    paragraph (1) using the provisions of law (including
                    regulations) applicable to those contracts, agreements,
                    and easements as in existence on the day before the
                    date of enactment of this Act.

                                TITLE III--TRADE

                         Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

    SEC. 3101. FOOD AID QUALITY ASSURANCE.

        Section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1722) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``any other provision of law'' and
                    inserting ``any other provision of this Act'';
                        (B) by inserting ``, in consultation with the
                    Secretary,'' after ``Administrator''; and
                        (C) by striking ``as the Administrator determines
                    appropriate'' and inserting ``as the Secretary
                    determines appropriate'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ``assistance,
            including in the form of'' before ``agricultural commodities'';
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; or'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(3) a nongovernmental organization, as determined by the
            Administrator.'';
                (4) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following
            new paragraph:
                ``(5) Limitation on diversion of funds.--Of the funds made
            available in each fiscal year under this title to the
            Administrator, not more than 50 percent may be made available
            for expenses other than the procurement of United States-grown
            agricultural commodities and ocean transportation of such
            commodities.''; and
                (5) in subsection (h)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3102. MINIMUM LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

        Section 204(a) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.1724(a)) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Committees on
            International Relations'' and inserting ``Committees on Foreign
            Affairs'';
                (2) by striking paragraph (2); and
                (3) by redesignating paragraph (3), as amended, as
            paragraph (2).

    SEC. 3103. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

        Section 205(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 13 1725(f)) is
    amended by striking ``December 31, 2023'' and inserting ``December 31,
    2029''.

    SEC. 3104. ISSUANCE OF REGULATIONS; OVERSIGHT, MONITORING, AND
                  EVALUATION.

        Section 207 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``the Agriculture
            Improvement Act of 2018''and inserting ``the Farm, Food, and
            National Security Act of 2024''; and
                (2) in subsection (f)(4), by striking ``2023'' each place
            it appears and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3105. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RELIEF PARTNERSHIP.

        Section 208(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)) is
    amended to read as follows:
        ``(f) Availability of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts
    otherwise made available to carry out this section, of the funds made
    available in each fiscal year under this title to the Administrator,
    not less than $15,000,000 shall be made available in each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029 to carry out this section, to remain available
    until expended.''.

    SEC. 3106. USE OF COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

        Subsection (b) of section 406 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.
    1736) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Included Expenses.--With respect to commodities made
    available under titles II and III, the Commodity Credit Corporation may
    pay all associated and incidental costs of such commodities.''.

    SEC. 3107. PRE-POSITIONING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND ANNUAL
                  REPORT REGARDING FOOD AID PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES.

        Section 407 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (c)(1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Acquisition.--The Administrator shall transfer,
            arrange for the transportation, and take other steps necessary
            to make available agricultural commodities to be provided under
            title II and title III.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``2023'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``2029'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(2)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (I);
                        (B) by amending subparagraph (H) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(H) A statement of the amount of funds provided
                    to each eligible organization that received assistance
                    under this Act and the manner in which those funds were
                    used, including whether such use was for commodity
                    transportation or administrative costs.'';
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (H)
                    (as amended) as subparagraphs (F) through (I),
                    respectively; and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following new subparagraph:
                        ``(E) An assessment of activities specifically
                    targeting women and girls and the impact of those
                    activities in addressing the unique needs of women and
                    girls.''; and
                (4) by striking subsection (f)(3).

    SEC. 3108. DEADLINE FOR AGREEMENTS TO FINANCE SALES OR TO PROVIDE OTHER
                  ASSISTANCE.

        Section 408 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended
    by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3109. MINIMUM LEVEL OF NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE.

        Section 412 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
        ``(f) Minimum Levels of Funding to Address Child Wasting.--
                ``(1) In general.--For each of fiscal years 2025 through
            2029, if the most recent Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates,
            published annually by the World Health Organization, the World
            Bank, and the United Nations Children's Fund, report a rate of
            children under 5 years of age affected by child wasting above 5
            percent for the year covered by such report, not less than the
            minimum level described in paragraph (2), to be derived from
            amounts otherwise made available to carry out food assistance
            programs for such fiscal year and in addition to amounts
            otherwise made available pursuant to this Act, shall be
            expended for the procurement of ready-to-use therapeutic foods.
                ``(2) Minimum level described.--The minimum level described
            in this paragraph is--
                        ``(A) $200,000,000; or
                        ``(B) in the case of a fiscal year for which the
                    total amount made available to carry out programs under
                    title II is less than $1,925,000,000, the product of--
                                ``(i) $200,000,000, multiplied by
                                ``(ii) the quotient of the total amount
                            made available to carry out programs under
                            title II for that fiscal year divided by
                            $1,925,000,000.''.

    SEC. 3110. TERMINATION DATE FOR MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION PROGRAMS.

        Section 415(c) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.1736g-2(c)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3111. JOHN OGONOWSKI AND DOUG BEREUTER FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM.

        Section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``2029''.

                   Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

    SEC. 3201. AGRICULTURAL TRADE PROMOTION AND FACILITATION.

        (a) Modification to Foreign Market Development Cooperator
    Program.--Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7
    U.S.C. 5623(c)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following new
    paragraph:
                ``(4) Technical assistance to improve infrastructure in
            foreign markets for united states agricultural commodities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--As part of the program
                    established under this subsection, the Secretary shall
                    enter into contracts or other agreements with eligible
                    trade organizations to provide needs assessments,
                    training, and other technical assistance to enhance the
                    capabilities of infrastructure in new and developing
                    foreign markets, including infrastructure relating to
                    cold chain capacity, port improvements, and other
                    developments, to ensure that United States agricultural
                    commodities are not damaged or lost due to deficiencies
                    of such infrastructure.
                        ``(B) Authorization of appropriations.--
                                ``(i) In general.--There is authorized to
                            be appropriated to carry out this paragraph
                            $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2025
                            through 2029.
                                ``(ii) Availability.--Amounts authorized to
                            be appropriated under this subparagraph that
                            are not used to carry out this paragraph are
                            authorized to be made available to carry out
                            the program established under this
                            subsection.''.
        (b) Report on Competitiveness of United States Specialty Crops.--
    Section 203(e)(7) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C.
    5623(e)(7)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(7) Biennial report.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation
                    with the United States Trade Representative, shall
                    submit every two years to the Committee on Agriculture
                    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report detailing the competitiveness of United States
                    specialty crops.
                        ``(B) Elements.--The report required by
                    subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) identify and analyze acts, policies,
                            or practices of foreign countries that
                            constitute significant barriers to, or
                            distortions of, United States exports of
                            specialty crops, including the imposition of--
                                        ``(I) tariffs (including
                                    retaliatory tariffs) or quotas
                                    (including tariff-rate quotas); and
                                        ``(II) non-tariff barriers,
                                    including technical barriers to trade,
                                    sanitary and phytosanitary measures,
                                    import licensing procedures, and
                                    subsidies;
                                ``(ii) identify and analyze acts, policies,
                            or practices of foreign countries that enhance
                            the competitiveness of imported specialty crops
                            with domestic specialty crop producers,
                            including--
                                        ``(I) the subsidization of exports
                                    from the producing country; and
                                        ``(II) the impact of any lack or
                                    circumvention of labor and
                                    environmental laws in the producing
                                    country;
                                ``(iii) identify and analyze any
                            differences in applicable food safety
                            regulations of foreign countries that may
                            result in imported specialty crops posing a
                            risk to United States consumers;
                                ``(iv) make an estimate--
                                        ``(I) of the impacts on the
                                    competitiveness of United States
                                    specialty crops of any act, policy, or
                                    practice identified under clauses (i)
                                    and (ii);
                                        ``(II) if feasible, of the value of
                                    additional specialty crops that would,
                                    during the year preceding submission of
                                    the report, have been exported from the
                                    United States to each foreign country
                                    an act, policy, or practice of which is
                                    identified under clause (i) if each
                                    such act, policy, or practice of that
                                    country did not exist; and
                                        ``(III) if feasible, of the injury
                                    caused to domestic specialty crop
                                    producers for any acts, policies, or
                                    practices identified under clause (ii).
                                ``(v) assess the extent to which each act,
                            policy, or practice identified under clauses
                            (i) and (ii) are subject to international
                            agreements to which the United States is a
                            party;
                                ``(vi) include information with respect to
                            any action taken by the executive or
                            legislative branches during the two years
                            preceding submission of the report, or expected
                            to be taken after submission of the report, to
                            eliminate any act, policy, or practice
                            identified under clauses (i) and (ii),
                            including--
                                        ``(I) any action under section 301;
                                        ``(II) negotiations or
                                    consultations with foreign governments,
                                    which may include engagement through
                                    the standing committee on sanitary and
                                    phytosanitary matters established under
                                    a free trade agreement to which the
                                    United States is a party; and
                                        ``(III) action at the World Trade
                                    Organization, including dispute
                                    settlement actions, consultations, or
                                    negotiations; and
                                ``(vii) a description of--
                                        ``(I) any funds provided under
                                    subsection (f)(3)(A)(iv) that were not
                                    obligated in the fiscal year preceding
                                    submission of the report; and
                                        ``(II) the reason such funds were
                                    not obligated.
                        ``(C) Comment period.--In preparing the report
                    required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in
                    coordination with the United States Trade
                    Representative, shall seek and consider comments from
                    the public and from the Agricultural Technical Advisory
                    Committee for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables.
                        ``(D) Form of report.--The report required by
                    subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the public
                    in machine-readable format.''.
        (c) Modification and Extension of Funding.--Section 203(f) of the
    Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623(f)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$255,000,000'' and
            inserting ``$489,500,000'';
                (3) in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking ``$200,000,000''
            and inserting ``$400,000,000'';
                (4) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), by striking ``$34,500,000''
            and inserting ``$69,000,000''; and
                (5) in paragraph (4), by striking ``during the period in
            which that memorandum is in effect'' and inserting ``during the
            period in which the directives in such memorandum are in
            effect''.
        (d) Repeal.--Section 718 of title VII of the Agriculture, Rural
    Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
    Appropriations Act, 1999 (as enacted by section 101(a) of division A of
    Public Law 105-277; 7 U.S.C. 5623 note) is repealed.

    SEC. 3202. PRESERVING FOREIGN MARKETS FOR GOODS USING COMMON NAMES.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978
    (7 U.S.C. 5602) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``As
            used in this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as
            paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (4), respectively,
            and reordering such paragraphs in numerical sequence;
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Common name.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The term `common name' means a
                    name that, as determined by the Secretary--
                                ``(i) is ordinarily or customarily used for
                            an agricultural commodity or food product;
                                ``(ii) is typically placed on the packaging
                            and product label of the agricultural commodity
                            or food product;
                                ``(iii) with respect to wine--
                                        ``(I) is--
                                                ``(aa) ordinarily or
                                            customarily used for a wine
                                            grape varietal name; or
                                                ``(bb) a traditional term
                                            or expression that is typically
                                            placed on the packaging and
                                            label of the wine; and
                                        ``(II) does not mean any
                                    appellation of origin for wine listed
                                    in subpart C of part 9 of title 27,
                                    Code of Federal Regulations (or
                                    successor regulations); and
                                ``(iv) the use of which is consistent with
                            standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
                        ``(B) Considerations.--In making a determination
                    under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may take into
                    account--
                                ``(i) competent sources, such as
                            dictionaries, newspapers, professional journals
                            and literature, and information posted on
                            websites that are determined by the Secretary
                            to be reliable in reporting market information;
                                ``(ii) the use of the common name in a
                            domestic, regional, or international product
                            standard, including a standard promulgated by
                            the Codex Alimentarius Commission, for the
                            agricultural commodity or food product; and
                                ``(iii) the ordinary and customary use of
                            the common name in the production or marketing
                            of the agricultural commodity or food product
                            in the United States or in other countries.'';
                            and
                (4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph
            (A)--
                        (A) in clause (v), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                        (B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(vii) prohibits or disallows the use of
                            the common name of an agricultural commodity or
                            food product of the United States.''.
        (b) Negotiations to Defend Use of Common Names.--Title III of the
    Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5652 et seq.) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 303. NEGOTIATIONS TO DEFEND THE USE OF COMMON NAMES.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall coordinate efforts with the
    United States Trade Representative to secure the right of United States
    agricultural producers, processors, and exporters to use common names
    for agricultural commodities or food products in foreign markets
    through the negotiation of bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral
    agreements, memoranda of understanding, or exchanges of letters that
    assure the current and future use of each common name identified by the
    Secretary in connection with United States agricultural commodities or
    food products.
        ``(b) Briefing.--The Secretary and the United States Trade
    Representative shall jointly provide to the Committee on Agriculture of
    the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
    and Forestry of the Senate, the Committee on Ways and Means of the
    House of Representatives, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate, a
    briefing, twice annually, on efforts and successes in carrying out
    subsection (a).''.

    SEC. 3203. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLE
                  WORKING GROUP.

        Subtitle B of title IV of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7
    U.S.C. 5671 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 418. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
                  WORKING GROUP.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary (acting through the Under
    Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs),
    the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of Commerce, and
    the heads of other Federal agencies or entities as determined to be
    appropriate by the Secretary, shall jointly establish an interagency
    working group (referred to in this section as the `working group')
    composed of representatives from each agency to monitor and assess, on
    an ongoing basis, seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables trade
    data and related information.
        ``(b) Consultation.--The working group shall consult with the
    Agricultural Trade Advisory Committee, relevant seasonal or perishable
    agricultural producers, and other relevant trade associations to
    identify threats that imports pose to domestic producers of seasonal
    and perishable fruits and vegetables.
        ``(c) Trade Actions and Investigations.--The working group shall
    coordinate as appropriate regarding potential additional trade actions
    and investigations with respect to any seasonal or perishable fruits
    and vegetables, as determined to be advisable by the working group.
        ``(d) Recommendations to the Secretary.--The working group shall
    recommend programs or assistance that the Secretary could provide to
    producers of seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables to address
    market impacts.''.

                   Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

    SEC. 3301. GROWING AMERICAN FOOD EXPORTS.

        Section 1543A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5679) is amended in subsection (d), by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3302. FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT OF 1985.

        Section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (commonly referred to
    as the ``Food for Progress Act of 1985''; 7 U.S.C. 1736o) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking ``enter into'' and inserting
                    ``annually enter into two or more''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``two or more'' before ``eligible
                    entities'';
                (2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029'';
                (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029'';
                (4) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029'';
                (5) in subsection (l)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in the heading of paragraph (4), by striking
                    ``Humanitarian or'';
                (6) in subsection (m)(2), by striking ``humanitarian and'';
            and
                (7) in subsection (n)(2)(C), by striking ``Committee on
            International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on Foreign
            Affairs''.

    SEC. 3303. BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST ACT.

        Section 302 of the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act (7 U.S.C.
    1736f-1) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(2)(B)(i), by striking ``2023'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``2029'';
                (2) by amending the matter preceding subclause (I) of
            subsection (c)(1)(B)(i) to read as follows:
                                ``(i) In general.--Without undue delay, any
                            funds or commodities held in the trust may be
                            released by the Secretary, which shall be
                            informed by information provided by the
                            Administrator regarding the ongoing programs of
                            the Administrator, to provide food, and cover
                            any associated costs, under title II of the
                            Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.)--'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(1)(C), by striking ``the
            Administrator'' and inserting ``the Secretary'';
                (4) in subsection (f)(2)(A), by inserting ``by the
            Secretary'' after ``reimbursed''; and
                (5) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3304. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EMERGING MARKETS.

        Section 1542(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3305. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 3307 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    3295) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)(1)), by striking ``2019 through
            2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
                (3) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
        ``(g) Program Continuity.--To assist eligible countries in the
    long-term development of enduring, school-based agricultural education
    and youth extension programs, the Secretary shall, to the maximum
    extent practicable--
                ``(1) implement the fellowship program in each
            participating host country for not fewer than 3 consecutive
            years; and
                ``(2) ensure that contracts awarded to outside
            organizations are multi-year.''.

    SEC. 3306. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE CULTURAL IMMERSION AND EXCHANGE
                  PROGRAM.

        Title III of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law
    115-334) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

    ``SEC. 3313. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE CULTURAL IMMERSION AND EXCHANGE
                  PROGRAM.

        ``(a) Definition.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible candidate.--The term `eligible candidate'
            means an individual that--
                        ``(A) is between the ages of 19 and 30 years;
                        ``(B) has demonstrated experience in agricultural
                    sciences, food systems, and food and nutrition
                    education;
                        ``(C) is prepared to live in 1 or more host
                    countries for at least 2 months or up to 6 months; and
                        ``(D) is a resident of the United States.
                ``(2) Eligible country.--The term `eligible country' means
            a country that has agricultural trade relations with the United
            States, as recognized by the Foreign Agriculture Service.
                ``(3) Program.--The term `Program' means the International
            Agriculture Cultural Immersion and Exchange Program established
            under subsection (b).
                ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.
        ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an
    international cultural immersion and exchange program, to be known as
    the `International Agriculture Cultural Immersion and Exchange
    Program', under which the Secretary shall--
                ``(1) provide eligible candidates with international
            cultural exchange and immersion experiences focused on
            agricultural sciences, food systems, and food and nutrition
            education through placement with host families in eligible
            countries; and
                ``(2) place in the United States with host families
            individuals that meet the requirement of subsection (a)(1)(A)
            and are residents of eligible countries to experience United
            States agriculture, trade relations, and culture.
        ``(c) Purposes.--The purposes of the Program are--
                ``(1) to develop globally minded citizens of the United
            States; and
                ``(2) to strengthen and enhance trade between eligible
            countries and the United States in agricultural, food,
            nutrition, and environmental industries.
        ``(d) Cooperative Agreement.--
                ``(1) In general.--To administer the Program, the Secretary
            shall enter into a cooperative agreement with a nonprofit
            organization that has experience in implementing international
            cultural exchange programs focused on agricultural sciences,
            food and nutrition education, and cultural understanding
            through placement with host families.
                ``(2) Priority.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall give priority to a nonprofit organization with
            which the Secretary has a memorandum of understanding dated not
            earlier than January 1, 2019.
                ``(3) Matching funds.--As a condition of entering into a
            cooperative agreement under this subsection, a nonprofit
            organization shall provide equal matching funds from non-
            Federal sources.
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated $10,000,000 to carry out this section for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.''.

    SEC. 3307. INTERNATIONAL FOOD SECURITY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        Section 1543B(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3308. MCGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD
                  NUTRITION PROGRAM.

        Section 3107 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 1736o-1) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(2)(B)(ii), by inserting ``or lower-
            middle'' before ``income'';
                (2) in subsection (h)(2), by striking ``Committee on
            International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on Foreign
            Affairs'';
                (3) in subsection (l)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''; and
                (4) in subsection (l)(4), by striking ``not more than 10
            percent'' and inserting ``not less than 8 percent, but not more
            than 15 percent''.

    SEC. 3309. GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST.

        Section 3202 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (22
    U.S.C. 2220a note; Public Law 110-246) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (b)(1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) In general.--For the period of fiscal years 2025
            through 2029, the aggregate contributions of funds of the
            Federal Government provided to the Trust under this section
            shall not exceed 33 percent of the total amount of funds
            contributed to the Trust from all sources and for all
            purposes.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) by inserting ``under this section'' after
                    ``Trust''; and
                        (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029'';
                    and
                (3) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 3310. LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD AID PROCUREMENT PROJECTS.

        Section 3206(e)(1) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of
    2008 (7 U.S.C. 1726c(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 3311. AGRICULTURAL TRADE ENFORCEMENT TASK FORCE.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the President shall establish a joint task
    force, to be known as the ``Agricultural Trade Enforcement Task Force''
    (referred to in this section as the ``Task Force'').
        (b) Duties.--
                (1) In general.--The Task Force shall--
                        (A) identify trade barriers to United States
                    agricultural exports that are vulnerable to dispute
                    settlement under the World Trade Organization (``WTO'')
                    or other trade agreements;
                        (B) develop and implement a strategy for enforcing
                    violations of trade agreements related to these trade
                    barriers;
                        (C) identify like-minded trading partners for
                    specific trade barriers that could act as co-
                    complainants or primary complainants on disputes that
                    are systemically or economically important to the
                    United States; and
                        (D) report quarterly to Congress on progress
                    towards resolving cases or filing disputes.
                (2) Consultation.--In carrying out its duties under this
            subsection, the Task Force shall regularly consult, to the
            extent necessary and appropriate, with the following:
                        (A) Relevant stakeholders in the private sector,
                    including the agricultural trade advisory committees.
                        (B) Federal departments and agencies that are not
                    represented on the Task Force.
                        (C) Like-minded trading partners that are similarly
                    concerned with trade barriers and are potential
                    participants in the dispute settlement process.
        (c) Membership.--
                (1) In general.--The Task Force shall be comprised of the
            following members:
                        (A) One or more employees of the Foreign
                    Agricultural Service, who shall be appointed by the
                    Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural
                    Affairs.
                        (B) One of more employees of the Office of the
                    United States Trade Representative, who shall be
                    appointed jointly by the General Counsel for the Office
                    of the United States Trade Representative and the Chief
                    Agricultural Negotiator.
                        (C) One or more employees of other Federal agencies
                    as needed, who shall be appointed jointly by the
                    officials specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
                (2) Qualification.--Employees of the Federal agencies
            specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1)
            may be appointed as members of the Task Force only if such
            employees have appropriate expertise in agricultural trade
            policy and trade enforcement.
        (d) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, and on a quarterly basis thereafter, the
            Task Force shall submit to Congress a report on its progress in
            identifying and addressing trade barriers to United States
            agricultural exports.
                (2) Matters to be included.--The report required by this
            subsection shall include the following:
                        (A) A description of the systemic and economically
                    significant trade barriers that have been identified.
                        (B) A justification for including the identified
                    trade barriers.
                        (C) A description of the progress that has been
                    made in developing dispute settlement cases and further
                    information that is required.
                        (D) The current status of ongoing disputes at the
                    WTO and implementation of panel, arbitration, or
                    Appellate Body decisions.
                (3) Additional matters to be included in initial report.--
            The initial report required by this subsection shall, in
            addition to the matters described in subparagraphs (A), (B),
            (C), and (D) of paragraph (2), include a plan to file a request
            under the WTO dispute settlement process for consultations to
            address India's minimum price supports. The plan shall
            include--
                        (A) an identification of like-minded trading
                    partners that could act as co-complainants or primary
                    complainants with respect to the request;
                        (B) a description of specific claims the United
                    States intends to make with respect to the request; and
                        (C) a timeline to--
                                (i) request consultations; and
                                (ii) request the establishment of a panel
                            not later than 60 days after the date of the
                            request for consultations if India does not
                            provide assurances that it will address its
                            minimum price supports.
        (e) Congressional Briefings.--The United States Trade
    Representative and the Secretary of Agriculture shall provide briefings
    on the Task Force to appropriate Members of Congress and congressional
    staff.

                              TITLE IV--NUTRITION

             Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

    SEC. 4101. DECLARATION OF POLICY.

        Section 2 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011) is
    amended--
                (1) by inserting ``(a)'' before ``It.'', and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Congress recognizes the supplemental nutrition assistance
    program allows low-income households to obtain supplemental food for an
    active, healthy life that supports the prevention of--
                ``(1) diet-related chronic disease, including--
                        ``(A) obesity;
                        ``(B) diabetes;
                        ``(C) hypertension;
                        ``(D) heart disease; and
                        ``(E) cancer;
                ``(2) disability;
                ``(3) premature death;
                ``(4) unsustainable health care costs; and
                ``(5) undermining of military readiness.
        ``(c) Accordingly, it is also the policy of the Congress that the
    Secretary should administer the supplemental nutrition assistance
    program in a manner that will provide participants, especially
    children, access to a variety of foods essential to optimal health and
    well-being.''.

    SEC. 4102. FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS.

        (a) Self-determination for SNAP.--Title I of the Indian Self-
    Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5321 et seq.) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 112. SELF-DETERMINATION FOR SNAP.

        ``(a) Agriculture Self-determination Authorized.--The Secretary of
    Agriculture shall enter into self-determination contracts, in
    accordance with subsection (b), with Indian Tribes and Tribal
    organizations, on the request of any Indian Tribe by Tribal resolution,
    to plan, conduct, and administer any function, service, or activity of
    the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the
    Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) for the Indian
    Tribe.
        ``(b) Self-determination Contract.--A self-determination contract
    entered into under subsection (a) shall have the same terms and
    conditions, and be subject to the same procedures, regulations, and
    requirements, as a self-determination contract entered into under
    section 102, except that the Secretary of Agriculture and the
    Department of Agriculture shall be the appropriate Secretary and agency
    for purposes of a self-determination contract entered into under
    subsection (a).
        ``(c) Technical Assistance.--The Office of Self-Governance of the
    Bureau of Indian Affairs shall provide technical assistance regarding
    the self-determination contracts authorized under this section to--
                ``(1) the Secretary of Agriculture; and
                ``(2) Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations that request
            that assistance.''.
        (b) Authorization of Appropriations.-- Section 4(b)(6)(E) of the
    Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)(5)(E)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 4103. EXCLUSIONS FROM INCOME AND RESOURCES.

        (a) Exclusions From Income.--Section 5(d) of the Food and Nutrition
    Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(d)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (7)--
                        (A) by striking ``a child who is'', and
                        (B) by striking ``17'' and inserting ``21'', and
                (2) in paragraph (18) by striking ``and'' at the end,
                (3) in paragraph (19) by striking the period at the end and
            by inserting ``; and'', and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(20) Any payment, income, allowance, or earnings made to
            household members derived from--
                        ``(A) any program defined in section 6(o)(1),
                    except any earnings made to a household member derived
                    from any program established under the Post-9/11
                    Veterans Educational Assistance Improvements Act of
                    2010 or the Harry W. Colmery Veterans Educational
                    Assistance Act of 2017;
                        ``(B) any program established under section
                    6(d)(4), any vocational rehabilitation program
                    established as defined in the Rehabilitation Act of
                    1973; or
                        ``(C) any refugee employment program established
                    under section 412(c) of the Immigration and Nationality
                    Act.''.
        (b)  Repeal of Certain Earned Income Inclusion.--Section 5 of the
    Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended by striking
    subsection (l).
        (c) Exclusion of Employment and Training Programs From Allowable
    Financial Resources.--Section 5(g) of the Food and Nutrition Act of
    2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(g)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) Exclusion of employment and training programs from
            allowable financial resources.--The Secretary shall exclude
            from financial resources under this subsection the value of any
            earnings made to household members derived from--
                        ``(A) any program defined in section 6(o)(1),
                    except any earnings derived from any program
                    established under the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational
                    Assistance Improvements Act of 2010 or the Harry W.
                    Colmery Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2017;
                        ``(B) any program established under section 6(d)(4)
                    and any vocational rehabilitation program established
                    as defined in the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; or
                        ``(C) any refugee employment program established
                    under section 412(c) of the Immigration and Nationality
                    Act.''.

    SEC. 4104. EARNED INCOME DEDUCTION.

        Section 5(e)(2)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2014(e)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``20'' and inserting ``22''.

    SEC. 4105. SNAP EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROVIDER SERVICE REFERRALS.

        Section 6(d)(4) of the Food and Nutrition act (7 U.S.C. 2015) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(P) SNAP employment and training provider service
                    referrals.--In the case of any individual who is a
                    member of a household that received supplemental
                    nutrition assistance program benefits and who is exempt
                    from requirements by the State agency specified in
                    (d)(1)(A)(ii) of this section, the State may use
                    personnel exempt from Merit System requirements
                    specified in section 11(e)(6)(B) to screen the
                    recipient for appropriateness for participation in the
                    service program, notwithstanding any determination
                    otherwise by the State agency of eligibility of such
                    individual for such services.''.

    SEC. 4106. PROHIBITED FEES.

        Section 7(h)(13)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2016(h)(13)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
                        ``(B) Other fees.--
                                ``(i) Prohibition.--Neither a State, nor
                            any agent, contractor, or subcontractor of a
                            State who facilitates the provision of
                            supplemental nutrition assistance program
                            benefits in such State may impose a fee on a
                            SNAP authorized retailer for EBT transactions
                            including switching (as defined in subsection
                            (j)(1)(H)) or routing such benefits, for costs
                            to implement subsections (d) and (f)(5)(B).
                                ``(ii) Exception.--The prohibition against
                            fees described in clause (i) shall not apply
                            towards costs associated with equipment
                            rentals.''.

    SEC. 4107. PROHIBITION ON BENEFIT REDEMPTION BY OWNERS OF RETAIL FOOD
                  STORES.

        Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Owners of Retail Food Stores.--
                ``(1) Definition of covered person.--In this subsection,
            the term `covered person' means a person who--
                        ``(A) is a member of a household that receives
                    benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance
                    program; and
                        ``(B) owns or is a member of a household in which
                    another member owns a retail food store that is
                    authorized to accept and redeem benefits under the
                    supplemental nutrition assistance program under section
                    9.
                ``(2) Prohibition.--A covered person shall not redeem
            benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program at
            a retail food store owned by the covered person or a member of
            the household of the covered person.''.

    SEC. 4108. SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM BENEFIT TRANSFER
                  TRANSACTION DATA REPORT.

        Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end,
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and'', and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) parameters for third party cooperation with
                    the Secretary sufficient to carry out subsection
                    (k).'', and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Data Collection for SNAP Transactions.--
                ``(1) Collection of data.--To assist in making improvements
            to supplemental nutrition assistance program design, for each
            interval not greater than a 2-year period, the Secretary
            shall--
                        ``(A) collect a statistically significant sample of
                    transaction data consisting of an aggregation of costs
                    and a description of items purchased for all customers
                    including those using supplemental nutrition assistance
                    program benefits, to the extent practicable and without
                    affecting retail food store confidential information or
                    document retention practices;
                        ``(B) prioritize consumer single sourced data as a
                    component of the aggregate summary with verified
                    purchases to capture consumers natural purchase
                    behavior; and
                        ``(C) make a summarized report of aggregated data
                    collected under subparagraph (A) available to the
                    public in a manner that prevents identification of
                    individual retail food stores, individual retail food
                    store chains, and households that use such benefits.
                ``(2) Nondisclosure.--Any data that contains information
            specific to a retail food store, a retail food store location,
            a person, or other entity shall be exempt from the disclosure
            requirements of Section 552(a) of title 5 of the United States
            Code pursuant to section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5 of the United
            States Code. The Secretary shall limit the use or disclosure of
            information obtained under this subsection in a manner
            consistent with sections 9(c) and 11(e)(8).''.

    SEC. 4109. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF STATE PLANS.

        Section 11(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act (7 U.S.C. 2020(d)) is
    amended by inserting after the 1st sentence the following:
    ``The Secretary shall maintain a publicly available database of the
    parts of each State agency approved plan of operation in accordance
    with criteria established by the Secretary not later than 180 days
    after the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
    2024.''.

    SEC. 4110. NATIONAL ACCURACY CLEARINGHOUSE.

        Section 11(x) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2020(x)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``an
                    interstate'' and inserting ``a centralized national'',
                        (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(B) Data matching.--The Secretary shall require
                    that State agencies make available to the National
                    Accuracy Clearinghouse only such information as is
                    necessary for the purpose described in subparagraph
                    (A), including the following for each member of a
                    participating household--
                                ``(i) the social security number or the
                            social security number substitute;
                                ``(ii) the current residence of such
                            member;
                                ``(iii) the employment status of such
                            member;
                                ``(iv) the amount of income and whether
                            that income is earned or unearned;
                                ``(v) that member's portion of the
                            household monthly allotment; and
                                ``(vi) the portion of the aggregate value
                            of household assets attributed to that
                            member.'',
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by striking clauses (i), (ii), and
                            (iii), and
                                (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v)
                            as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and
                        (D) by adding at end the following:
                        ``(D) Administration.--The Secretary shall enter
                    into a contract with a single national contractor that
                    may subcontract with other entities as necessary to
                    administer the National Accuracy Clearinghouse
                    established in this paragraph.'',
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) by striking ``18 months'' and all that follows
                    through ``promulgate regulations'', and inserting the
                    following:
            `` 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food,
            and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall withdraw
            regulations promulgated to implement the National Accuracy
            Clearinghouse and promulgate new regulations'',
                        (B) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``from the''
                    and inserting ``since the implementation of the'',
                        (C) in subparagraph (C) by inserting ``and
                    subsection (e)(8)'' before the semicolon at the end,
                    and
                        (D) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(D) require a State agency, as determined by the
                    Secretary--
                                ``(i) to conduct initial and ongoing
                            matches of participant and applicant data;
                                ``(ii) to identify and act on all apparent
                            instances of duplicative participation by
                            participants or applicants in multiple States;
                            and
                                ``(iii) to disenroll an individual who has
                            applied to participate in another State in a
                            manner sufficient to allow the State in which
                            the individual is currently applying to comply
                            with paragraphs (3) and (9) of section 11(e);
                            and'', and
                (3) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``1
                    year'', and
                        (B) by striking ``Agriculture Improvement Act of
                    2018'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2024''.

    SEC. 4111. SNAP STAFFING FLEXIBILITY.

        Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act (7 U.S.C. 2020) is amended
    by adding at the end the following:
        ``(y) SNAP Staffing Flexibility.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 11(e)(6)(B), a
            State agency (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition
            Act of 2008) may, by contract with the State agency at a
            reasonable cost in accordance with the State agency's standard
            contracting rules, hire a contractor to undertake supplemental
            nutrition assistance program certification or carry out any
            other function of the State agency under such program so long
            as--
                        ``(A) the contract does not provide incentives for
                    the agency or contractor to delay eligibility
                    determinations or to deny eligibility for individuals
                    otherwise eligible for supplemental nutrition
                    assistance program benefits; and
                        ``(B) the contractor has no direct or indirect
                    financial interest in an approved retail store.
                ``(2) Use.--A State agency may use the authority provided
            in paragraph (1) when the State experiences increases in
            supplemental nutrition assistance program applications or an
            inability to timely process such applications from causes that
            include but are not limited to--
                        ``(A) pandemics and other health emergencies,
                        ``(B) seasonal workforce cycles,
                        ``(C) temporary staffing shortages, and
                        ``(D) weather or other natural disasters.
                ``(3) Requirements.--A State agency that hires a contractor
            under paragraph (1) shall ensure such action--
                        ``(A) is consistent with all principles under
                    section 900.603 of title 5 of the Code of Federal
                    Regulations; and
                        ``(B) is part of a blended workforce and does not
                    supplant existing merit-based personnel in the State.
                ``(4) Notification.--A State agency shall notify the
            Secretary of its intent to use the authority provided in this
            section and shall provide any information or data supporting
            State agency increases in supplemental nutrition assistance
            program applications or any inability to timely process such
            applications.
                ``(5) Public availability.--Not later than 10 days after
            the date of the receipt of a notification submitted by a State
            agency under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall make publicly
            available on the website of the Department of Agriculture the
            notification submitted by such State agency and any
            accompanying information or data supporting such notification
            so submitted.
                ``(6) Program design.--Any action taken by a State agency
            under paragraph (1) shall not be--
                        ``(A) considered to be a major change in the
                    operations of such State agency for purposes of section
                    11(a)(4) of this Act, or
                        ``(B) subject to any requirement specified in such
                    section.
                ``(7) Annual report.--The Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate, an annual report that contains--
                        ``(A) a description of measures taken to address
                    increases in supplemental nutrition assistance program
                    applications and any inability to timely process such
                    applications;
                        ``(B) information or data supporting State agency
                    notifications provided pursuant to paragraph (4); and
                        ``(C) recommendations for changes to the
                    Secretary's authority under this Act to assist the
                    Secretary, States, and local governments of States in
                    preparing for any future increases in supplemental
                    nutrition assistance program applications or inability
                    to timely process such applications.
                ``(8) Temporary staffing shortages.--In cases of temporary
            staffing shortages, the authority provided to State agencies
            under paragraph (1) shall--
                        ``(A) expire when the backlog of supplemental
                    nutrition assistance program applications has been
                    eliminated; and
                        ``(B) not override any collective bargaining
                    agreement or memorandum of understanding in effect
                    between the State and employees of the State or of a
                    local government of such State.''.

    SEC. 4112. UPDATES TO ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES FOR SNAP RETAILERS.

        (a) Administrative Amendments.--Section 14(a) of the Food and
    Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2023(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``by any'' and inserting
            ``to each of the firm's owners, officers, and managers by email
            and via any other'',
                (2) in paragraph (3) by striking ``ten'' and inserting
            ``30'',
                (3) by amending subparagraph (4) to read as follows:
        ``(4) If such a request is not made by such store, concern, or
    State agency or if such store, concern, or State agency otherwise fails
    to submit information in support of its position after filing a
    request, the administrative determination shall be a final
    determination, subject to the provisions of judicial review.'', and
                (4) by amending paragraph (5) to read as follows:
        ``(5) If such request is made by such store, concern, or State
    agency, such information as may be submitted by such store, concern, or
    State agency, as well as such other information as may be available,
    shall be reviewed by the person or persons designated by the Secretary,
    who shall, subject to the right of judicial review hereinafter
    provided, make a determination within 60 days after submission of such
    store's response. The agency's determination shall be final and shall
    take effect 30 days after the date of the delivery or service of such
    final notice of determination. In all administrative proceedings
    involving the denial, withdrawal, or disqualification of a retail food
    store from the supplemental nutrition assistance program, the agency
    shall bear the burden of proof of establishing that the denial,
    withdrawal, or disqualification is based on a preponderance of the
    evidence. The agency shall produce, within 10 days of any request by
    such store or its counsel, all records reviewed or relied upon by the
    agency in issuing the charge letter or other notice. Notwithstanding
    any other provision of this Act or of any other Act, the agency shall
    produce information and records otherwise prohibited from disclosure to
    counsel for such store subject to a nondisclosure agreement.''.
        (b) Reporting.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a
    study and submit the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate, a report that contains the results of such
    study, including--
                (1) the number of times first-time trafficking offenders
            are given a penalty of permanent disqualification in lieu of
            civil penalty, disaggregated by--
                        (A) the number of employees and revenue; and
                        (B) the race and ethnicity of owners.
                (2) an analysis of the Anti-Fraud Locator Using Electronic
            Benefits Transfer System (ALERT) including--
                        (A) the metrics of detecting fraudulent activity;
                        (B) how the metrics of detecting fraudulent
                    activity were determined;
                        (C) how often these metrics are updated to ensure
                    they continue to be reliable; and
                        (D) what metrics are reviewed in addition to ALERT
                    findings to determine fraudulent activity.
        (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 4113. ADJUSTMENT TO PERCENTAGE OF RECOVERED FUNDS RETAINED BY
                  STATES.

        Section 16(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2025(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the 1st sentence by striking ``35 percent'' and
            inserting ``50 percent'', and
                (2) by inserting after the 1st sentence the following:
    ``A State agency shall use such funds retained only to carry out the
    supplemental nutrition assistance program, including investments in
    technology, improvements in administration and distribution, and
    actions to prevent fraud (including skimming).''.

    SEC. 4114. TOLERANCE LEVEL FOR PAYMENT ERRORS.

        Section 16(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 2025(c)(1)(A)(ii)) is amended--
                (1) in subclause (I) by striking ``and'' at the end,
                (2) in subclause (II)--
                        (A) by striking ``fiscal year thereafter'' and
                    inserting ``of the fiscal years 2015 through 2024'',
                    and
                        (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting
                    ``; and'', and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                        ``(III) for each fiscal year
                                    thereafter, $0.''.

    SEC. 4115. PUBLIC COMMENT ON QUALITY CONTROL GUIDANCE.

        Section 16(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2025(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following--
                ``(10) Public comment on quality control guidance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide
                    notice, and make available for public comment for a
                    period of not fewer than 60 days, any new or updated
                    guidance proposing substantive changes for conducting
                    quality control reviews prior to any such guidance
                    being finalized.
                        ``(B) Scope.--The requirement in (A) shall be
                    applicable to any proposed guidance reasonably expected
                    to require State agencies to make changes to systems,
                    procedures, or staffing pertaining to quality control
                    reviews or that impact verification requirements for
                    supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits
                    recipients.
                        ``(C) Exception.--In the case of an urgent and
                    immediate need, the Secretary may issue interim final
                    guidance simultaneous with the notice and comment
                    requirements required in subparagraph (A).''.

    SEC. 4116. OFFICE OF PROGRAM INTEGRITY.

        Section 16 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Office of Program Integrity.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 18 months after
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024,
            the Secretary shall establish within the Food and Nutrition
            Service an Office of Program Integrity.
                ``(2) Director.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
            office of Inspector General, shall appoint a senior official to
            serve as the Director of the Office of Program Integrity
            (referred to in this section as the `Director').
                ``(3) Mission.--The mission of the Office of Program
            Integrity shall be to reduce fraud, waste, and abuse in
            nutrition programs administered by the Food and Nutrition
            Service, and improve the development, implementation,
            evaluation, and monitoring of nutrition programs and policies
            administered by the Food and Nutrition Service.
                ``(4) Duties of the director.--The Director of the Office
            of Program Integrity shall--
                        ``(A) evaluate current program integrity policies,
                    and where applicable develop and implement, in
                    coordination with the Food and Nutrition Service and
                    State agencies, program integrity policies, including
                    reporting requirements, for all nutrition programs
                    administered by the agency, including but not limited
                    to the--
                                ``(i) supplemental nutrition assistance
                            program;
                                ``(ii) emergency food assistance program;
                            and
                                ``(iii) commodity supplemental food
                            program;
                        ``(B) continuously track and evaluate program
                    spending, participation, and outcomes;
                        ``(C) monitor, evaluate, and work to mitigate,
                    instances of program fraud, waste, and abuse by the
                    Food and Nutrition Service, State agencies, and program
                    participants;
                        ``(D) annually prepare and submit to the Committee
                    on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of
                    the Senate, reports on program trends, outcomes,
                    recommendations, and instances of fraud, waste, and
                    abuse where enforcement action was not taken, which
                    shall be made publicly available; and
                        ``(E) at the Director's discretion, and after
                    informing the Secretary, refer instances of program
                    fraud by the Food and Nutrition Service, State
                    agencies, and program participants, to appropriate law
                    enforcement agencies.
                ``(5) Collaboration.--In carrying out the duties required
            under paragraph (4), the Director shall collaborate with other
            Federal Departments and Agencies with offices or functions
            similar to the Office of Program Integrity to identify and
            incorporate best practices.''.

    SEC. 4117. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        The 1st sentence of section 18(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act
    of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2027(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ```2029''.

    SEC. 4118. ASSISTANCE FOR COMMUNITY FOOD PROJECTS.

        Section 25(b)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2034(b)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``year 2019 and each
            fiscal year thereafter.'' and inserting ``years 2019 through
            2024; and''; and
                (3) by adding at end the following:
                        ``(E) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each
                    fiscal year thereafter.''.

    SEC. 4119. EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        (a) Direct Purchase of Commodities.--Section 202 of the Emergency
    Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7502) is amended by inserting
    after subsection (a) the following:
        ``(b) Direct Purchase of Commodities.--
                ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Eligible state.--The term `eligible State'
                    has the meaning given the term in section 4206(b) of
                    the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
                    7518(b)).
                        ``(B) Entitlement funds.--The term `entitlement
                    funds', with respect to an eligible State, means the
                    dollar amount used by the Secretary to purchase
                    commodities pursuant to section 27 of the Food and
                    Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036) to distribute to
                    the eligible State in accordance with section 214.
                ``(2) Direct purchase.--The Secretary shall allow an
            eligible State to elect to receive all of the entitlement funds
            of the eligible State as cash to make direct purchases of
            commodities through the private commercial marketplace.''.
        (b) State and Local Supplementation of Commodities.--Section
    203D(d)(5) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C.
    7507(d)(5)) is amended--
                (1) by striking `` subsection'' and inserting the
            following:
    `` subsection--
                        ``(A)'';
                (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            and''; and
                (3) by adding at end the following:
                        ``(B) $6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025
                    through 2029, to remain available until the end of the
                    subsequent fiscal year.''.
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 204(a)(1) of the
    Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7508(a)(1)) is amended
    by striking ``year 2008'' and inserting ``years 2008 through 2024, and
    $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.
        (d) Emergency Food Program Infrastructure Grants.--Section 209(d)
    of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7511a(d)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (e) Availability of Commodities for the Emergency Food Assistance
    Program.--Section 27(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2036(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2025''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) by striking ``2023'' the 1st place it
                            appears and inserting ``2025'';
                                (ii) in clause (ix) by striking ``fiscal
                            year 2023'' and inserting ``each of the fiscal
                            years 2023 and 2024''; and
                                (iii) by adding at end the following:
                                ``(x) for fiscal year 2025, $40,000,000;
                            and'', and
                        (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) by striking ``2024'' and inserting
                            ``2026''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``(D)(ix)'' and inserting
                            ``(D)(x)''.

    SEC. 4120. NUTRITION EDUCATION.

        Section 28 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a)
    is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by amending paragraph (1)(B) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(B) through agreements or partnerships with other
                    State or local agencies, nonprofit organizations,
                    schools, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, or community
                    organizations.'',
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by inserting ``,
                            including how the projects will reach a broad
                            age range of individuals and how each local
                            project will be evaluated by the local
                            partner'' before the semicolon at the end,
                                (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) by inserting ``of all ages''
                                    after ``individuals'', and
                                        (II) by striking ``constrained'',
                                    and
                                (iii) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) in item (hh) by striking
                                    ``and'' at the end, and
                                        (II) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                                ``(JJ) cost of conducting
                                            research to assess and evaluate
                                            the projects; and'',
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)(i) by inserting
                            ``culinary and'' after ``group-based'', and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in clause (iii) by striking
                                    ``and'' at the end,
                                        (II) in clause (iv) by striking the
                                    period at the end and inserting a
                                    semicolon, and
                                        (III) by adding at end the
                                    following:
                                ``(v) healthcare practitioners and
                            community health workers; and
                                ``(vi) educators.'',
                        (D) in paragraph (6) by inserting ``evidence-based
                    and'' after ``section are'',
                        (E) in paragraph (9)--
                                (i) by inserting ``, based on external
                            review by non-government experts with
                            recognized expertise in quality of evidence
                            evaluation'' after ``report that'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)(iii) by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iv) by adding at end the following:
                        ``(C) includes comprehensive analysis of the
                    impacts, outcomes, and efficacy of all projects
                    described in subparagraph (8).'', and
                        (F) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(10) Project evaluation.--Project recipients shall use
            not less than 5 percent of funds received for process and
            impact evaluation and may contract with land-grant colleges and
            universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National
            Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of
            1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to carry out this evaluation.'',
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end, and
                        (B) in subparagraph (F)--
                                (i) by striking ``2016 and each subsequent
                            fiscal year'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2016
                            through 2024'', and
                                (ii) by striking the period at the end and
                            inserting a semicolon, and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) for fiscal year 2025, $521,000,000; and
                        ``(H) for fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent
                    fiscal year, the applicable amount during the preceding
                    fiscal year, as adjusted to reflect any increases for
                    the 12-month period ending the preceding June 30 in the
                    Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published
                    by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of
                    Labor."''.
                (3) by adding at end the following:
        ``(f) Proposed Unification of Nutrition Education Programs.--
                ``(1) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024,
            the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, in
            consultation with the Director of the National Institute of
            Food and Agriculture, and the Secretary of Health and Human
            Services, shall issue recommendations to Congress on how to
            unify the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant
            program under this section with the expanded food and nutrition
            education program under section 1425 of the National
            Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of
            1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175). In developing these recommendations, the
            Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, the Director
            of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and the
            Secretary of Health and Human Services shall consider the
            policy options described in the Comptroller General report
            described in paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Comptroller general.--Not later than 2 years after
            the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security
            Act of 2024, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
            finalize and submit to the United States House of
            Representatives Committees on Agriculture, and Energy and
            Commerce, a report that examines policy options to unify the
            nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program under
            this section with the expanded food and nutrition education
            program under section 1425 of the National Agricultural
            Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C.
            3175).".''.

    SEC. 4121. RETAIL FOOD STORE AND RECIPIENT TRAFFICKING.

        Section 29(c)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2036b) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 4122. REPEAL OF DENIAL OF BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN DRUG-RELATED
                  CONVICTIONS.

        (a) Repealer.--Section 115 of the Personal Responsibility and Work
    Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 U.S.C. 862a) is amended--
                (1) in the heading by striking ``and benefits'',
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``, or'' at the
                    end and inserting a period,
                        (B) by striking ``for--'' and all that follows
                    through ``(1)'', and inserting ``for'', and
                        (C) by striking paragraph (2),
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``and Benefits for Others'' and all
                    that follows through ``families'', and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2),
                (4) in subsection (c) by striking ``or benefits'', and
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``, and'' at the
                    end and inserting a period,
                        (B) by striking ``it--'' and all that follows
                    through ``(1)'', and inserting ``it'', and
                        (C) by striking paragraph (2).
        (b) Technical Amendment.--The Personal Responsibility and Work
    Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 is amended in the table of
    contents by striking the item relating to section 115 and inserting the
    following:

    ``Sec. 115. Denial of assistance for certain drug-related
                                convictions.''.''.
        (c) Comparable Treatment for Disqualification.--Section 6(i) of the
    Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(i) is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(i) Comparable Treatment for Disqualification.--
                ``(1) In general.--
                        ``(A) Disqualification.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), if a disqualification is imposed on a
                    household member for a failure of the member to perform
                    an action required under a Federal, State, or local law
                    relating to a means-tested public assistance program,
                    the State agency may impose the same disqualification
                    on the member of the household under the supplemental
                    nutrition assistance program.
                        ``(B) Exception.--A State agency may not impose a
                    disqualification under subparagraph (A) for a felony-
                    drug conviction or for a failure to satisfy an action
                    required under a Federal, State, or local law relating
                    to a means-tested public assistance program that was
                    required as a result of a felony drug conviction.
                ``(2) Rules and procedures.--If a disqualification is
            imposed under paragraph (1) for a failure of a household member
            to perform an action required under part A of title IV of the
            Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the State agency
            may use the rules and procedures that apply under part A of
            title IV of the Act to impose the same disqualification under
            the supplemental nutrition assistance program, provided that
            there may be no disqualification under the supplemental
            nutrition assistance program for a felony-drug conviction or
            for a failure to satisfy an action required under a Federal,
            State, or local law relating to a means-tested public
            assistance program that was required as a result of a felony
            drug conviction.
                ``(3) Application after disqualification period.--A
            household member disqualified under paragraph (1) may, after
            the disqualification period has expires, apply for supplemental
            nutrition assistance program benefits and shall be treated as a
            new applicant, except that a prior disqualification under
            subsection (d) shall be considered in determining eligibility.
                ``(4) Felony drug conviction.--In this subsection, the term
            `felony drug conviction' means a criminal conviction under a
            Federal or State law that includes an element that is the
            possession, use, or distribution of a controlled substance as
            defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21
            U.S.C. 802).''.

    SEC. 4123. RESIDENTS OF INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 3(m)(5) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2012(m)(5)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) Incarcerated individuals who are scheduled to
                    be released from an institution within 30 days.''.

    SEC. 4124. BLOCK GRANTS FOR PUERTO RICO AND AMERICAN SAMOA.

        Section 19(a)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2028(a)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) in clause (i) by striking ``2003,
                    $1,401,000,000'' and inserting ``2025,
                    $1,451,000,000'', and
                        (B) in clause (ii) by striking ``2002'' and
                    inserting ``2024'',
                (2) in subparagraph (B)(i) by striking ``2003'' and
            inserting ``2025'',
                (3) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``2003'' and inserting
            ``2025'', and
                (4) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``2002'' and inserting
            ``2024''.

    SEC. 4125. ELDERLY SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION PROGRAM.

        The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 31. ELDERLY SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the effective date
    of this section, the Secretary shall establish a program, to be known
    as the `elderly simplified application program' (referred to in this
    section as `ESAP'), under which a State, in carrying out the
    supplemental nutrition assistance program, may elect to implement a
    streamlined application and certification process for households in
    which all adult members--
                ``(1) are elderly or disabled members; and
                ``(2) have no earned income.
        ``(b) Certification Period.--The certification period for
    participants in ESAP shall be 36 months.
        ``(c) Income and Other Data Verification.--
                ``(1) In general.--A State agency determining the
            eligibility for an applicant household under ESAP shall,
            notwithstanding section 11(e)(3)--
                        ``(A) to the maximum extent practicable, use data
                    matching for income verification and household size;
                    and
                        ``(B) allow self-declaration by the household of
                    the information required under section 273.2(f) of
                    title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations (or
                    successor regulations), subject to household
                    certification after verification of the information
                    provided that relates to eligibility factors and that
                    the State agency determines is questionable.
                ``(2) Accountability and fraud prevention.--In carrying out
            paragraph (1), a State agency shall establish accountability
            and fraud protection measures to deter fraud and ensure the
            integrity of ESAP and the supplemental nutrition assistance
            program.
        ``(d) Interviews.--Notwithstanding section 11(e)(6)(A), for
    recertification of a household under ESAP, the State agency shall not
    require an interview unless requested by the household, which may be
    conducted virtually.
        ``(e) Guidance.--Before establishment of ESAP under subsection (a),
    the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service shall develop
    guidance for States, after consultation with States, to carry out ESAP,
    including--
                ``(1) general implementation guidelines;
                ``(2) reporting requirements;
                ``(3) quality control requirements; and
                ``(4) best practices.''.

    SEC. 4126. AMENDMENT TO CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2023.

        Section 501 of title IV of division HH of the Consolidated
    Appropriations Act, 2023, is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(e) Exclusively Out-of-State Purchases.--The State agency shall
    review and, where appropriate, suspend the accounts of households for
    which EBT card transactions are made exclusively out-of-State for a
    period longer than 90 days, until--
                ``(1) the household affirmatively provides substantiating
            evidence that the members of the household who are program
            participants still reside in the State from which they receive
            benefits; or
                ``(2) an inquiry is conducted and conclusively determines
            that the members of the household who are program participants
            still reside in the State from which they receive benefits.''.

    SEC. 4127. MODIFICATION OF STATE PLAN REQUIREMENT.

        Section 11(e) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2020(e)) is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (24); and
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (25) and (26) as paragraphs
            (24) and (25), respectively.

    SEC. 4128. FOOD SECURITY AND DIET QUALITY REPORT.

        The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), as
    amended by section 4125, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 32. FOOD SECURITY AND DIET QUALITY REPORT.

        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the effective date
    of this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report
    on food security and diet quality in the United States.
        ``(b) Contents.--The report required to be submitted under
    subsection (a) shall include--
                ``(1) an analysis of the food security and diet quality of
            participants and nonparticipants in the supplemental nutrition
            assistance program;
                ``(2)(A) a summary of legislative and Executive branch
            changes made to the supplemental nutrition assistance program
            in the year covered by the report that are intended to improve
            food security and diet quality; and
                        ``(B) an analysis of the impact and effectiveness
                    of those changes on food security and diet quality; and
                ``(3) recommendations to the Congress on how to improve
            food security and diet quality for participants and
            nonparticipants in the supplemental nutrition assistance
            program.''.

    SEC. 4129. NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE
                  STUDY AND REPORT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the
    Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the Food
    and Nutrition Service, shall contract with the National Academies of
    Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to carry out a study to assess the
    efficacy of allowing hot foods or hot food products ready for immediate
    consumption to be purchased with supplemental nutrition assistance
    program benefits issued under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), including the impact on diet quality, purchasing
    power, and access to food.
        (b) Inclusions.--The study pursuant to the contract under
    subsection (a) shall include--
                (1) an assessment of currently available data, including
            data of instances of temporary emergency standards which
            disrupt commercial channels of food distribution where the
            prohibition on hot foods or hot food products ready for
            immediate consumption was temporarily lifted;
                (2) an assessment of participating households' diet
            quality, including whether diet quality would improve or worsen
            upon the termination of the prohibition on hot foods or hot
            food products ready for immediate consumption;
                (3) an assessment of food access, including changes in the
            types of foods accessed for eligible households participating
            in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program upon the
            termination of the prohibition on hot foods or hot food
            products ready for immediate consumption;
                (4) an assessment of participating households' purchasing
            power of current supplemental nutrition assistance program
            allotments compared with what the purchasing power would be
            upon the termination of the prohibition on hot foods or hot
            food products ready for immediate consumption; and
                (5) factors for the Congress to contemplate if considering
            the authorization of a pilot to test the termination of the
            prohibition on hot foods or hot food products ready for
            immediate consumption.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives a report on the study carried out under subsection (a)
    to determine whether a pilot program for the termination of the
    prohibition on hot foods or hot food products ready for immediate
    consumption is warranted.
        (d) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the
    Secretary of Agriculture shall make available to carry out this section
    $1,000,000, to remain available until expended.

                  Subtitle B--Commodity Distribution Programs

    SEC. 4201. COMMODITY DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM.

        (a) Seniors Farmers' Market Nutrition Program.--Section 4402(a) of
    the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007(a))
    is amended--
                (1) by striking ``$20,600,000'' and inserting
            ``$22,600,000''; and
                (2) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (b) Expansion of the Seniors Farmers' Market Nutrition Program.--
    Section 4402(b)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007(b)(1)) is amended by striking ``and herbs'' and
    inserting ``herbs, and maple syrup''.
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--The 1st sentence of section
    4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C.
    612c note) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 4202. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM.

        Section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7
    U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93-86) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'', and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B), in the matter preceding
                    clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                    ``2029'',
                (2) in subsection (d)(2), in the 1st sentence, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (3) by amending subsection (g)(1) to read as follows--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in subsection (m)--
                        ``(A) the States shall only provide assistance
                    under the commodity supplemental food program to low-
                    income persons aged 60 and older; and
                        ``(B) any amount deducted from social security
                    payments for premiums paid under part B of title XVIII
                    of the Social Security Act shall not be considered
                    income for the purposes of this section.'', and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(n) Commodity Supplemental Food Program Delivery Pilot Program.--
                ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to award
            grants for the operation of projects that increase the access
            of low-income elderly persons to commodities through home
            delivery or other means and to evaluate such projects.
                ``(2) In general.--The Secretary shall award, on a
            competitive basis, grants directly to State agencies, or to
            State agencies on behalf of eligible entities, to carry out the
            activities described in paragraph (5).
                ``(3) Maximum grant award.--A grant awarded to a State
            agency under this subsection shall not exceed--
                        ``(A) the greater of--
                                ``(i) the State's commodity supplemental
                            food program caseload at time of application
                            multiplied by 60; or
                                ``(ii) $10,000; or
                        ``(B) $4,000,000;
                    whichever is less.
                ``(4) Application.--A State agency seeking a grant under
            this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application in
            such form, at such time, and containing such information as the
            Secretary may require.
                ``(5) Grant uses.--A State agency awarded a grant under
            this subsection shall distribute grant funds to eligible
            entities to operate projects that facilitate delivery of
            commodities to participants in the commodity supplemental food
            program, including with respect to costs associated with--
                        ``(A) transportation and distribution of
                    commodities to participants in the commodity
                    supplemental food program, including transportation and
                    distribution services provided by a third party;
                        ``(B) staffing required to operate delivery
                    services; and
                        ``(C) outreach to participants or potential
                    participants in the commodity supplemental food program
                    with respect to home delivery.
                ``(6) Priority.--A State agency awarded a grant under this
            subsection must prioritize eligible entities that serve
            participants in the commodity supplemental food program who
            reside in a rural area.
                ``(7) Report to the secretary.--Not later than 180 days
            after the end of the fiscal year in which a State agency is
            awarded a grant under this subsection and has distributed grant
            funds to eligible entities, and in each succeeding fiscal year
            until grant funds are expended, a State agency shall submit a
            report to the Secretary that includes--
                        ``(A) a summary of the activities carried out under
                    the project, including the quantity of commodities
                    delivered, number of participants in the commodity
                    supplemental food program served, and total number of
                    deliveries;
                        ``(B) an assessment of the effectiveness of the
                    project, including a calculation of the average cost
                    per delivery, and an evaluation of any services
                    provided by a third party; and
                        ``(C) best practices regarding use of home delivery
                    to improve the effectiveness of the commodity
                    supplemental food program.
                ``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Terms in regulations.--The term `State
                    agency', `local agency', and `subdistributing agency'
                    have the meanings given such terms in section 247.1 of
                    title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations (or any
                    successor regulations).
                        ``(B) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means--
                                ``(i) a local agency;
                                ``(ii) a subdistributing agency;
                        ``(C) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the
                    meaning given such term in section 343(a) of the
                    Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
                    1991(a)).
                ``(9) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
            to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $10,000,000 for
            each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to remain available
            until expended.''.

    SEC. 4203. DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES TO SPECIAL NUTRITION
                  PROJECTS.

        Section 1114(a)(2)(A) of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7
    U.S.C. 1431e(a)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 4204. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                  FOR TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.

        (a) Demonstration Project for Tribal Organizations.--
                (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Demonstration project.--The term
                    `demonstration project' means the demonstration project
                    established under paragraph (2).''.
                        (A) Food distribution program.--The term ``food
                    distribution program'' means the commodity supplemental
                    food program identified in section 4 of the Agriculture
                    and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c
                    note; Public Law 93-86).
                        (B) Indian reservation.--The term ``Indian
                    reservation'' has the meaning given the term
                    ``reservation'' in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition
                    Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).
                        (C) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian Tribe'' has
                    the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian
                    Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25
                    U.S.C. 5304).
                        (D) Self-determination contract.--The term ``self-
                    determination contract'' has the meaning given the term
                    in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and
                    Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304) with
                    modification as determined by the Secretary.
                        (E) Tribal organization.--The term ``Tribal
                    organization'' has the meaning given the term in
                    section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7
                    U.S.C. 2012).
                (2) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of
            appropriations, the Secretary shall establish a demonstration
            project under which 1 or more Tribal organizations may enter
            into self-determination contracts to purchase agricultural
            commodities under the food distribution program for the Indian
            reservation of that Tribal organization.
                (3) Eligibility.--
                        (A) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with
                    Indian Tribes to determine the process and criteria
                    under which a Tribal organization may participate in
                    the demonstration project.
                        (B) Criteria.--The Secretary shall select for
                    participation in the demonstration project Tribal
                    organizations that--
                                (i) are successfully administering the food
                            distribution program of the Tribal organization
                            under section 4(b)(2)(B) of the Agriculture and
                            Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c
                            note);
                                (ii) have the capacity to purchase
                            agricultural commodities in accordance with
                            paragraph (4) for the food distribution program
                            of the Tribal organization; and
                                (iii) meet any other criteria determined by
                            the Secretary, in consultation with the
                            Secretary of the Interior and Indian tribes.
                (4) Procurement of agricultural commodities.--Any
            agricultural commodities purchased by a Tribal organization
            under the demonstration project shall--
                        (A) be domestically produced;
                        (B) not result in a material increase in the amount
                    of food in the food package of that Tribal organization
                    compared to the amount of food that the Secretary
                    authorized to be provided through the Commodity
                    Supplemental Food Program Guide Rate;
                        (C) be of similar or higher nutritional value as
                    the type of agricultural commodities that would be
                    supplanted in the existing food package for that Tribal
                    organization or be an agricultural commodity with
                    Tribal significance to that Indian Tribe; and
                        (D) meet any other criteria determined by the
                    Secretary.
                (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which
            funds are appropriated under paragraph (6) and annually
            thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee
            on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report
            describing the activities carried out under the demonstration
            project during the preceding year.
                (6) Funding.--
                        (A) Authorization of appropriations.--There is
                    authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
                    subsection $5,000,000, to remain available until
                    expended.
                        (B) Appropriations in advance.--Only funds
                    appropriated under subparagraph (A) in advance
                    specifically to carry out this subsection shall be
                    available to carry out this subsection.
        (b) Administration of Tribal Self-determination Contracts.--
                (1) Administration.--The Secretary shall appoint an
            existing office of the United States Department of Agriculture
            to administer Tribal self-determination contracts to include
            but not limited to:
                        (A) awarding of Food and Nutrition Service
                    nutrition program self-determination contracts to
                    selected Tribal organizations; and
                        (B) hiring contract officers and program staff in
                    order to manage the selection of Tribal organizations
                    and execution of self-determination contracts.
                (2) Staffing minimum funding.--Notwithstanding any other
            provision of law, there is authorized to be appropriated
            $1,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 for the
            payment of Department contract officers and program staff
            salaries and benefits.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 4301. PURCHASE OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR DISTRIBUTION TO
                  SCHOOLS AND SERVICE INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 10603(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 612c-4(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 4302. FOOD BOX PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through
    the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service and in
    consultation with the Food and Nutrition Service, shall--
                (1) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment
            of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024--
                        (A) establish a pilot program for the purpose of
                    procuring and distributing foods from the categories of
                    staple foods listed in section 3(q) of the Food and
                    Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(q)) that align
                    with dietary patterns as defined in the most recent
                    Dietary Guidelines for Americans; and
                        (B) publish guidance for participation in such
                    program; and
                (2) not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment
            of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, enter
            into contracts with eligible entities to carry out not more
            than 20 pilot projects under such program.
        (b) Goals.--The pilot program established under subsection (a)
    shall be designed--
                (1) to supplement, not supplant, the nutrition of food
            insecure households in a manner complementary to other food
            nutrition programs administered by the Department;
                (2) to expand the capacity of nonprofit organizations,
            including community-based and faith-based organizations; and
                (3) to support local and regional food systems to improve
            food access.
        (c) Selection Criteria.--In determining whether to award contracts
    under subsection (a), the Secretary may consider whether an eligible
    entity--
                (1) demonstrates the capability to meet the program goals
            in subsection (b);
                (2) offers a price inclusive of all inspection,
            transportation, and distribution costs, including last mile
            distribution;
                (3) proposes to deliver a variety of staple foods
            determined by the Secretary to be the best value using trade-
            offs among evaluation factors other than lowest price or
            highest technical rating;
                (4) demonstrates an established network of partners or
            affiliates with distribution and logistics capability to
            provide last mile delivery to individuals in need;
                (5) will engage small- and medium-sized farmers or
            retailers, or distributors who source from such farmers; or
                (6) will source local and regional products relative to the
            proposed distribution area when commercially and seasonally
            available at a fair and reasonable price.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than one year after the entering
    into a contract to carry out this section, the Secretary shall submit
    to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a
    report on the status of activities carried out under this section,
    including--
                (1) the amount and types of products purchased and the
            proximity to relevant distribution points;
                (2) the distribution data for each project sufficient to
            identify all partners involved and their respective roles in
            the distribution process, the means of distribution and the
            ultimate destination of products;
                (3) the number of farms sourced from;
                (4) the number of boxes delivered to households and number
            of households receiving boxes; and
                (5) the associated economic impact of each project.
        (e) Eligible Entities.--In this section the term ``eligible
    entity'' includes--
                (1) small- and medium-sized farmers, as determined by the
            Secretary;
                (2) distributors with demonstrated capacity to source from
            small- and medium-sized farmers; and
                (3) recipient and nonprofit organizations with expertise in
            management or administration of food distribution, including--
                        (A) faith-based organizations that distributes food
                    or meals;
                        (B) Tribal organizations that distribute food or
                    meals;
                        (C) child or adult care centers; and
                        (D) any other similar feeding entity, as determined
                    by the Secretary.
        (f) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the
    Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $100,000,000
    for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, to remain available until
    expended.

    SEC. 4303. NUTRITION STANDARDS FOR FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS.

        (a) Regulations.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate
    regulations with respect to nutrition guidelines for food distributed
    under the programs established under--
                (1) section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection
            Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note);
                (2) the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C.
            7501); and
                (3) section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7
            U.S.C. 2013(b)).
        (b) Requirements.--In promulgating regulations under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall--
                (1) ensure that the food products distributed under the
            programs described in such subsection are consistent with the
            goals of the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans
            published under section 301 of the National Nutrition
            Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5341) and
            designed to meet the quantitative recommendations of such
            Guidelines; and
                (2) Ensure that the nutrition standards reflect the
            different cultural and religious dietary needs of the
            populations being served food products under the programs
            described in such subsection.

    SEC. 4304. GUIDANCE REGARDING NOTIFYING CERTAIN STUDENTS REGARDING SNAP
                  BENEFITS.

        The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), as
    amended by sections 4125 and 4128, is amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``SEC. 33. GUIDANCE REGARDING NOTIFYING CERTAIN STUDENTS REGARDING SNAP
                  BENEFITS.

        ``(a) Guidance.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall issue guidance
    to States on how to identify and notify eligible students who are
    likely to qualify for the supplemental nutrition assistance program.
        ``(b) Consultation.--In issuing the guidance under subsection (a),
    the Secretary of Agriculture may consult with the Secretary of
    Education.
        ``(c) Eligible Student Defined.--In this section, the term
    `eligible student' means a student receiving work-study assistance
    under part C of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965.''.

    SEC. 4305. BUY AMERICAN REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN SCHOOL MEALS.

        (a) In General.--Section 12(n)(2)(A) of the Richard B. Russell
    National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1760(n)(2)(A)) is amended to read
    as follows:
                        ``(A) Requirements.--
                                ``(i) Purchase expenditures by category.--
                            Subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph (B),
                            the Secretary shall require that a school food
                            authority purchase, with respect to each food
                            purchase category designated by the
                            Agricultural Marketing Service, at least 95
                            percent domestic products and commodities in
                            each such category for each school year.
                                ``(ii) Domestically unavailable food
                            articles.--Domestically unavailable products
                            and commodities included on a list issued
                            pursuant to clause (iii) with respect to a
                            school year and purchased by a school food
                            authority during such school year shall not be
                            used to calculate whether such school food
                            authority meets the requirements under clause
                            (i).
                                ``(iii) Updated list.-- Not later than 6
                            months after the date of the enactment of this
                            subparagraph, and every 2 years thereafter, the
                            Secretary shall make available to school food
                            authorities a list of domestically unavailable
                            products.''.
        (b) Application.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply
    to school food authorities beginning on the first day of the first
    school year that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 4306. REAUTHORIZATION OF THE GUS SCHUMACHER NUTRITION INCENTIVE
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 4405 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 7517) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by amending subparagraph (C)
                    to read as follows:
                        ``(C) Federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii) and subparagraph (D)(iii), the
                            Federal share of the cost of carrying out an
                            activity under this subsection shall not exceed
                            50 percent of the total cost of the activity.
                                ``(ii) Waiver for persistent poverty
                            counties.--The Secretary may waive the
                            application of clause (i) in the case of an
                            activity carried out in a county that, during
                            the preceding 30-year period has had a
                            population of which greater than or equal to 20
                            percent of such population are living in
                            poverty (as measured by the most recent
                            decennial censuses).''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (ix) and (x)
                            as clauses (x) and (xi); and
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (viii) the
                            following:
                                ``(ix) increase year-round availability of
                            incentives by offering all forms of fruits or
                            vegetables;''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking ``fresh fruits and vegetables'' and
                    inserting ``all forms of fruits, vegetables, and
                    legumes'' each place it appears; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Transition to health and human services.--
                        ``(A) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2024, the Secretary, in consultation
                    with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall
                    issue recommendations to Congress on how to transition
                    the produce prescription program established under this
                    subsection to the Department of Health and Human
                    Services to be administered by the Secretary of Health
                    and Human Services. In developing these
                    recommendations, the Secretary and the Secretary of
                    Health and Human Services, shall consider the policy
                    option described in the Comptroller General report
                    described in subparagraph (B).
                        ``(B) Comptroller general.--Not later than 18
                    months after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
                    and National Security Act of 2024, the Comptroller
                    General of the United States shall finalize and submit
                    to the United States House of Representatives
                    Committees on Agriculture, and Energy and Commerce, a
                    report that examines policy options relating to the
                    transition of the produce prescription program
                    established under this subsection to the Department of
                    Health and Human Services to be administered by the
                    Secretary of Health and Human Services.
                ``(7) Termination of authority.--The authority to carry out
            this subsection shall terminate on September 30, 2029.''; and
                (3) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(G), by striking
                    ``$56,000,000'' and inserting ``$75,000,000''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by striking ``2023'' each place it
                            appears and inserting ``2029'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``8
                            percent'' and inserting ``7 percent''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking
                            ``$7,000,000'' and inserting ``$4,000,000''.

    SEC. 4307. FOOD LOSS AND WASTE REDUCTION LIAISON ANNUAL REPORT.

        Section 224(e)(2) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization
    Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924(e)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by inserting ``Annual'' before
            ``Report'';
                (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting
            ``and annually thereafter,'' before ``the Secretary shall'';
                (3) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (4) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end
            and inserting a semicolon; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) a general description of each project and
                    activity implemented pursuant to this section;
                        ``(D) a summary of the cooperative agreements
                    entered into pursuant to subsection (c);
                        ``(E) a detailed account of how the Secretary
                    avoided, managed, or will manage market disruption; and
                        ``(F) a summary of coordinated activities with the
                    Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
                    and the Commissioner of the Food and Drug
                    Administration, including interagency communication and
                    coordination related to the promotion or exclusion of
                    practices and technologies to limit food waste.''.

    SEC. 4308. HEALTHY FOOD FINANCING INITIATIVE.

        Section 243(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act
    of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6953(d)) is amended by striking ``$125,000,000'' and
    inserting ``$135,000,000''.

    SEC. 4309. MICRO-GRANTS FOR FOOD SECURITY.

        Section 4206(g)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7
    U.S.C. 7518(g)(1)) is amended by striking ``$10,000,000'' and inserting
    ``$30,000,000''.

    SEC. 4310. HEALTHY FLUID MILK INCENTIVES PROJECTS.

        Section 4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    2026a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``flavoring or''
                    and inserting ``artificial'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2); and
                        (C) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
                    paragraphs (2) and (3); and
                (2) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking `` $20,000,000''
                    and inserting ``$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years
                    2025 through 2029'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or made
                    available under paragraph (3)'' before ``shall be'';
                    and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
            Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry
            out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025
            through 2029, to remain available until expended.''.

                                TITLE V--CREDIT

                        Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

    SEC. 5101. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR REAL ESTATE LOANS.

        Section 302(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1922(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the 2nd sentence of paragraph (1), by striking ``a
            majority'' each place it appears and inserting ``at least a 50
            percent'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B)
            and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                    Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall
                    be considered to meet the operator requirement of
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only
                    entities.-- An applicant that is or will become only
                    the operator of farm real estate acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle shall be
                    considered to meet the owner-operator requirements of
                    paragraph (1) if 1 or more of the individuals who is an
                    owner of the farm real estate owns at least 50 percent
                    (or such other percentage as the Secretary determines
                    is appropriate) of the applicant.
                        ``(C) Eligibility of certain embedded entities.--An
                    entity that is an owner-operator described in paragraph
                    (1), or an operator described in subparagraph (B) of
                    this paragraph that is owned, in whole or in part, by 1
                    or more other entities, shall be considered to meet the
                    direct ownership requirement imposed under paragraph
                    (1) if at least 75 percent of the total ownership
                    interests of the embedded entity, or of the other
                    entities, is owned, directly or indirectly, by
                    qualified operators of the farm acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle.''.

    SEC. 5102. EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 302(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1922(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``2 years''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i)--
                                        (I) by striking ``3-year'' and
                                    inserting ``2-year''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``1 or 2 years''
                                    and inserting ``1 year'';
                                (ii) in clause (iii), by inserting ``or
                            operational'' before ``responsibilities'';
                                (iii) in clause (vii), by striking ``or'';
                            and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ix) met any other criteria established
                            by the Secretary; or''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``3-year'' and
                    inserting ``2- year''.

    SEC. 5103. CONSERVATION LOAN AND LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM.

        Section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1924) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``1985.'' and
                    inserting ``1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812); and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) producers who use the loans to adopt precision
            agriculture practices or acquire precision agriculture
            technologies, including adoption or acquisition for the purpose
            of participating in the environmental quality incentives
            program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title
            XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa et
            seq.).''; and
                (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 5104. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF FARM OWNERSHIP LOANS.

        Section 305(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1925(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``$600,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$850,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,500,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2025''.

    SEC. 5105. INFLATION PERCENTAGE.

        Section 305(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1925(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of the Prices Paid By
            Farmers Index (as compiled by the National Agricultural
            Statistics Service of the Department of Agriculture) for the
            12-month period ending on July 31 of the immediately preceding
            fiscal year'' and inserting ``of the per acre average United
            States farm real estate value, the per acre average United
            States cropland value, and the per acre average United States
            pasture value for the preceding year (as published in the
            applicable Agricultural Land Values report of the National
            Agricultural Statistics Service of the Department of
            Agriculture), weighted equally''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``of such index (as so
            defined) for the 12-month period that immediately precedes the
            12-month period described in paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``of
            the per acre average United States farm real estate value, the
            per acre average United States cropland value, and the per acre
            average United States pasture value for the year immediately
            preceding the year described in paragraph (1) (as so
            published), weighted equally''.

    SEC. 5106. AUTHORITY OF FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS TO PROVIDE
                  FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR ESSENTIAL RURAL COMMUNITY
                  FACILITIES PROJECTS.

        (a) In General.--The Farm Credit Act of 1971 is amended by
    inserting after section 4.18A (12 U.S.C. 2206a) the following:

    ``SEC. 4.18B. ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES.

        ``(a) In General.--A Farm Credit Bank, direct lender association,
    or bank for cooperatives chartered under this Act may, for the purpose
    of making available capital to develop, build, maintain, improve, or
    provide related equipment or other support for essential community
    facilities in rural areas, make and participate in loans and
    commitments, and extend other technical and financial assistance for
    projects for essential community facilities eligible for financing
    under section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act.
        ``(b) Eligibility.--Only an entity eligible for financing under
    section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act may
    receive financing or any other assistance under subsection (a) of this
    section.
        ``(c) Limitations.--
                ``(1) Financing.--A Farm Credit System institution
            described in subsection (a) shall not provide financing or
            assistance under this section in an aggregate amount that
            exceeds 15 percent of the total of all outstanding loans of the
            institution.
                ``(2) Offer requirement.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A Farm Credit System institution
                    shall not provide financing or assistance under this
                    section unless the institution--
                                ``(i) has offered, under reasonable terms
                            and conditions acceptable to the borrower
                            involved, an interest in the financing to at
                            least 1 domestic lending institution not
                            referred to in subsection (a) other than the
                            Department of Agriculture; and
                                ``(ii) has reported the offer to the Farm
                            Credit Administration.
                        ``(B) Rural community bank priority.--In offering
                    an interest in a financing to a domestic lending
                    institution described in subparagraph (A)(i), the Farm
                    Credit System institution shall give priority to
                    community banks located in the service area of the
                    essential community facility being financed.
        ``(d) Annual Report to Congress.--Within 1 year after the date of
    the enactment of this section and annually thereafter, the Farm Credit
    Administration shall provide a report to the Committee on Agriculture
    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on the activities undertaken
    pursuant to this section by Farm Credit System institutions during the
    period covered by the report, including through partnerships between
    such an institution and other lending institutions, which shall also be
    posted on the website of the Farm Credit Administration.''.
        (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect on October 1, 2024.

    SEC. 5107. DOWN PAYMENT LOAN PROGRAM.

        Section 310E(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(b)(1)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
            ``exceed 45 percent of the least'' and inserting ``exceed,
            subject to section 305(a), 45 percent of the lesser'';
                (2) in subparagraph (A), by adding ``or'' after the
            semicolon;
                (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting
            a period; and
                (4) by striking subparagraph (C).

    SEC. 5108. HEIRS PROPERTY.

        (a) Reauthorization of the Heirs Property Intermediary Relending
    Program.--Section 310I(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1936c(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.
        (b) Cooperative Agreements for Heirs Property Resolution Through
    Direct Public Interest Legal Services.--Section 310I of such Act (7
    U.S.C. 1936c) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections
            (g) and (h), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
        ``(f) Cooperative Agreements for Heirs Property Resolution Through
    Direct Public Interest Legal Services.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into
            cooperative agreements with eligible entities to provide legal
            or accounting services to underserved heirs, at no cost to the
            underserved heirs, to assist in resolving undivided ownership
            interests on farmland or forest land, or land transitioning to
            farmland or forest land, that has multiple owners. Such a
            cooperative agreement must be for any of the following
            purposes:
                        ``(A) To assist with transitioning land to
                    agricultural production.
                        ``(B) To maintain land in agricultural production.
                        ``(C) To increase access to programs administered
                    by the Secretary through the resolution of real
                    property claims in order to allow real property owners
                    to meet land ownership eligibility requirements for
                    participation in a program administered by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(2) Administration of cooperative agreements.--
                        ``(A) Duration.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A cooperative agreement
                            under paragraph (1) shall be in effect for not
                            more than 4 years, subject to clause (ii).
                                ``(ii) Special rule.--The Secretary may
                            extend a cooperative agreement or re-enter into
                            a cooperative agreement with the same or a
                            different eligible entity to provide continued
                            services for heirs if--
                                        ``(I) property ownership is not
                                    resolved within the initial term of the
                                    original cooperative agreement; and
                                        ``(II) the entity certifies that
                                    the entity understands that the
                                    cooperative agreement is not guaranteed
                                    to be funded for more than 4 years
                                    after the commencement of the original
                                    cooperative agreement.
                        ``(B) Management of performance.--
                                ``(i) Annual reports.--An eligible entity
                            must provide annual reports to the Secretary
                            summarizing the progress made during each
                            fiscal year towards achieving the goals of the
                            cooperative agreement for the heirs for whom
                            services are provided under the cooperative
                            agreement.
                                ``(ii) Information and data.--The Secretary
                            may require an eligible entity to provide the
                            Secretary with such information or data as the
                            Secretary deems necessary to determine that the
                            eligible entity is making acceptable progress.
                            The data may not include personally
                            identifiable information.
                                ``(iii) Effect of failure to demonstrate
                            success.--If an eligible entity providing
                            services under such a cooperative agreement
                            does not demonstrate success, as determined by
                            the Secretary, in resolving or reasonably
                            attempting to resolve the property claims of an
                            heir, the Secretary may terminate the agreement
                        ``(C) Implementation.--The Secretary may utilize
                    requests for public input or the formal rulemaking
                    process to effectuate this subsection. At a minimum,
                    the Secretary shall make publicly available the
                    criteria for selecting an eligible entity to enter into
                    an agreement to provide services, the administrative
                    and performance requirements for cooperative agreements
                    under this subsection, as well as codify within its
                    internal policy its implementation process.
                        ``(D) Heirs property not in farming.--On a limited
                    basis, and when determined by the Secretary to meet the
                    purposes of a program administered by the Secretary and
                    to expand access to such a program, the Secretary may
                    allow an eligible entity to provide services at no cost
                    to an heir who is not an underserved heir if--
                                ``(i) the land with respect to which the
                            services are to be provided is not farmland or
                            in agricultural production, but could be viably
                            productive for agricultural, conservation, or
                            forestry purposes;
                                ``(ii) the heir satisfies all other
                            requirements of the definition of `underserved
                            heir';
                                ``(iii) the heir can provide proof to
                            substantiate that the heir is in control of the
                            real property; and
                                ``(iv) the heir certifies to the Secretary
                            that the heir intends to apply for, and make a
                            good faith effort to enroll the land in, a
                            program administered by the Secretary once
                            property claims to the land are resolved
                            through services provided under a cooperative
                            agreement entered into under this subsection.
                ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means a nonprofit organization that--
                                ``(i) provides legal or accounting services
                            to an underserved heir at no cost to the
                            underserved heir to resolve property ownership
                            issues; and
                                ``(ii) has demonstrated experience in
                            resolving issues related to ownership and
                            succession on farmland or forest land that has
                            multiple owners.
                        ``(B) Limited resource heir.--An heir shall be
                    considered a limited resource heir for purposes of this
                    subsection if--
                                ``(i) the total household income of the
                            heir is at or below the national poverty level
                            for a family of 4, or less than 50 percent of
                            the county median household income for the 2
                            immediately preceding calendar years, as
                            determined annually using data of the
                            Department of Commerce; or
                                ``(ii) the property of the heir for which
                            legal services are provided pursuant to a
                            cooperative agreement entered into under this
                            subsection is in a persistent poverty
                            community, as determined annually on the basis
                            of data from the Department of Commerce, or a
                            socially vulnerable area, as designated by the
                            Centers on Disease Control and Prevention.
                        ``(C) Underserved heir.--The term `underserved
                    heir' means an heir with an undivided ownership
                    interest in farmland or forest land that has multiple
                    owners, who is--
                                ``(i) a limited resource heir;
                                ``(ii) a member of a socially disadvantaged
                            group (as defined in section 2501(a) of the
                            Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
                            of 1990); or
                                ``(iii) a veteran (as defined in section
                            101(2) of title 38, United States Code).
                ``(4) Annual reports to congress.--Within 1 year after the
            date of the enactment of this subsection, and annually
            thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare, make public, and
            submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
            and Forestry of the Senate a written report on the activities
            carried out under this subsection in the year covered by the
            report.
                ``(5) Limitations on authorization of appropriations.--To
            carry out this subsection, there is authorized to be
            appropriated to the Secretary $60,000,000 for each of fiscal
            years 2025 through 2029.''.
        (c) Annual Report on Operations and Outcomes Under the Relending
    Program to Resolve Ownership and Succession on Farmland.--Section
    310I(g) of such Act, as so redesignated by subsection (b) of this
    section, is amended by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``The
    Secretary shall annually''.

    SEC. 5109. PROMPT APPROVAL OF LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES.

        Section 333A of the of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) Real estate and operating guaranteed loans.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to
                    lenders a short, simplified application form for real
                    estate and operating guaranteed loans under this title,
                    for loans of not more than $1,000,000.
                        ``(B) Notice.--Within 5 business days after receipt
                    of an application to guarantee a farm ownership or
                    operating loan that meets the requirements under
                    subparagraph (A) originated by a USDA preferred lender,
                    the Secretary shall notify the lender as to whether the
                    application is approved or disapproved.
                        ``(C) Maximum guarantee.--The percentage of the
                    principal amount of a loan which may be guaranteed
                    pursuant to this paragraph shall not exceed--
                                ``(i) 90 percent, in the case of a loan not
                            exceeding $125,000;
                                ``(ii) 75 percent, in the case of a loan of
                            more than $125,000 and not more than $500,000;
                            or
                                ``(iii) 50 percent, in the case of a loan
                            of more than $500,000 and not more than
                            $1,000,000.''; and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively, and inserting
                    after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Business and industry guaranteed loans to assist
            rural entities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall develop an
                    application process that accelerates, to the maximum
                    extent practicable, the processing of applications for
                    business and industry guaranteed loans to assist rural
                    entities, as described under section 310B(a)(2)(A), for
                    loans not exceeding $400,000.
                        ``(B) Exception.--The accelerated application
                    process, as provided under subparagraph (A), shall
                    apply to loans not exceeding $600,000 if there is not a
                    significant increased risk of a default on the loan, as
                    determined by the Secretary.''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (h).

    SEC. 5110. FARMER LOAN PILOT PROJECTS.

        Subtitle D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act is
    amended by inserting after section 333D (7 U.S.C. 1983d) the following:

    ``SEC. 333E. PRIOR APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION PILOT PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator
    of the Farm Service Agency, shall carry out a pilot program to
    establish a pre-approval process for direct farm ownership loans made
    under subtitle A in order to streamline the application process and
    provide greater certainty to borrowers.
        ``(b) Eligibility Requirements.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            this Act, the Secretary may establish eligibility requirements
            for direct farm ownership loans under subtitle A.
                ``(2) Limitation.--This section shall not be interpreted to
            repeal any borrowing requirement imposed under subtitle A.
        ``(c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
    report examining the actions undertaken under, and the results of, the
    pilot program.
        ``(d) Termination of Effectiveness.--The authority provided by this
    section shall terminate effective September 30, 2029.''.

    SEC. 5111. REFINANCING OF GUARANTEED LOANS INTO DIRECT LOANS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the
    Farm Service Agency (referred to in this section as the ``Secretary''),
    shall promulgate regulations allowing certain loans guaranteed by the
    Farm Service Agency to be refinanced into direct loans issued by the
    Farm Service Agency, in accordance with this section.
        (b) Requirements.--
                (1) In general.--The regulations promulgated under
            subsection (a) shall provide that a guaranteed loan described
            in that subsection may be refinanced into a direct loan
            described in that subsection only if the Secretary determines
            that--
                        (A) the guaranteed loan is distressed;
                        (B) the borrower on that guaranteed loan has
                    attempted to work with the lender and has been
                    unsuccessful;
                        (C) a reasonable chance for the success of the
                    operation financed by the guaranteed loan exists; and
                        (D) all other criteria established by the Secretary
                    for purposes of this section to protect taxpayer funds
                    and the loan programs of the Farm Service Agency have
                    been satisfied.
                (2) Reasonable chance of success.--For purposes of
            paragraph (1)(C), the Secretary may determine that a reasonable
            chance for the success of an operation exists if the Secretary
            determines that--
                        (A) all relevant problems with the operation
                    financed by the guaranteed loan--
                                (i) have been identified; and
                                (ii) can be corrected; and
                        (B) on correction of those problems, the operation
                    can achieve, or be returned to, a sound financial
                    basis.
        (c) No Effect on Subsidies.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary shall ensure that the refinancing of guaranteed loans into
    direct loans has no impact on the subsidy rate of--
                (1) loans guaranteed by the Farm Service Agency; or
                (2) direct loans issued by the Farm Service Agency.
        (d) Loan Programs.--In making direct loans pursuant to the
    regulations promulgated under subsection (a), the Secretary may
    refinance a loan guaranteed under 1 program of the Farm Service Agency
    into a direct loan issued under another program of the Farm Service
    Agency, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate and in accordance
    with the laws applicable to the program under which the new direct loan
    is issued.
        (e) Maximum Amount of Direct Refinancing Loans.--A direct loan
    issued by the Farm Service Agency pursuant to the regulations
    promulgated under subsection (a) shall be subject to any otherwise
    applicable limitation on the maximum amount of a direct loan issued by
    the Farm Service Agency, including, if applicable, the limitations
    described in--
                (1) section 305 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
            Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1925); and
                (2) section 313 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1943).

                          Subtitle B--Operating Loans

    SEC. 5201. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR OPERATING LOANS.

        Section 311(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1941) is amended--
                (1) in the 2nd sentence of paragraph (1), by striking ``a
            majority'' each place it appears and inserting ``at least a 50
            percent''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``(2)
                    special rule.--An entity'' and inserting the following:
                ``(2) Special rules.--
                        ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                    Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall
                    be considered to meet the operator requirement of
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only
                    entities.--An entity''; and
                        (B) by striking ``ownership interests of each
                    embedded entity of the entity is owned directly or
                    indirectly by the individuals that own the family
                    farm'' and inserting ``total ownership interests of the
                    embedded entity, or of the other entities, is owned,
                    directly or indirectly, by qualified operators of the
                    farm improved or supported with funds under this
                    subtitle''.

    SEC. 5202. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF OPERATING LOANS.

        Section 313(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``$400,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$750,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,000,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2025''.

    SEC. 5203. LIMITATION ON MICROLOAN AMOUNTS.

        Section 313(c)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``$50,000'' and
    inserting ``$100,000''.

    SEC. 5204. COOPERATIVE LENDING PILOT PROJECTS.

        Section 313(c)(4)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

                          Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

    SEC. 5301. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR EMERGENCY LOANS.

        Section 321 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1961) is amended--
                (1) by striking all that precedes ``shall make and insure''
            and inserting the following:

    ``SEC. 321. ELIGIBILITY FOR LOANS.

        ``(a) In General.--
                ``(1) Eligibility requirements.--The Secretary'';
                (2) in the 1st sentence--
                        (A) by striking ``(1)'' and inserting ``(A)'';
                        (B) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(B)'';
                        (C) by striking ``(A)'' the 1st place it appears
                    and inserting ``(i)'';
                        (D) by striking ``(B)'' the 1st place it appears
                    and inserting ``(ii)''; and
                        (E) by striking ``a majority'' each place it
                    appears and inserting ``at least a 50 percent'';
                (3) by striking the 5th sentence; and
                (4) by adding after and below the end the following:
                ``(2) Special rules.--
                        ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                    Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall
                    be considered to meet the operator requirement of
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only
                    entities.-- An applicant that is or will become only
                    the operator of farm real estate acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle shall be
                    considered to meet the owner-operator requirements of
                    paragraph (1) if 1 or more of the individuals who is an
                    owner of the real estate owns at least 50 percent (or
                    such other percentage as the Secretary determines is
                    appropriate) of the applicant.
                        ``(C) Eligibility of certain embedded entities.--An
                    entity that is an owner-operator described in paragraph
                    (1), or an operator described in subparagraph (B) of
                    this paragraph that is owned, in whole or in part, by 1
                    or more other entities, shall be considered to meet the
                    direct ownership requirement imposed under paragraph
                    (1) if at least 75 percent of the total ownership
                    interests of the embedded entity, or of the other
                    entities, is owned, directly or indirectly, by
                    qualified operators of the farm acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle.''.

                     Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

    SEC. 5401. BEGINNING FARMER AND RANCHER INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT ACCOUNTS
                  PILOT PROGRAM.

        Section 333B(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1983b(h)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 5402. LOAN AUTHORIZATION LEVELS.

        Section 346(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1)) is amended in the matter preceding
    subparagraph (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 5403. LOAN FUND SET-ASIDES.

        Section 346(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 5404. USE OF ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR DIRECT OPERATING MICROLOANS
                  UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS.

        Section 346(b)(5)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(5)(C)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

                           Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 5501. EXPORT FINANCE AUTHORITY.

        Section 3.7(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C.
    2128(b)(2)(A)(i)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``50 percent of the bank's capital'' and
            inserting ``15 percent of the total assets of the bank''; and
                (2) by striking ``an amount equal to 50 percent of the
            bank's capital'' and inserting ``15 percent of the total assets
            of the bank''.

    SEC. 5502. SUPPORT FOR RURAL WATER AND WASTE SYSTEMS.

        Section 3.7(f) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2128(f))
    is amended by inserting ``, or in the case of such loans, commitments,
    and assistance that are guaranteed, the term `rural area' means an area
    described in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the period at the
    end.

    SEC. 5503. FARMER LOAN DATA COLLECTION.

        (a) In General.--The Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et
    seq.) is amended by inserting after section 4.20 the following:

    ``SEC. 4.21. SMALL FARMER LOAN DATA COLLECTION.

        ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to affirm that the
    Farm Credit Administration is the sole and independent regulator of the
    Farm Credit System.
        ``(b) Definition.--In this section, the term `small farmer' means a
    `small farmer, rancher, or producer or harvester of aquatic products'
    as defined pursuant to section 4.19.
        ``(c) Collection of Demographic Data by Farm Credit System
    Lenders.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, Farm Credit
    System institutions, pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Farm
    Credit Administration, shall--
                ``(1) request that loan applicants and borrowers that are
            small farmers disclose information identifying their race, sex,
            and ethnicity;
                ``(2) collect and maintain the information resulting from
            the requests; and
                ``(3) report to the Farm Credit Administration on an annual
            basis the information collected pursuant to the requests.
        ``(d) Directions to the Farm Credit Administration.--The Farm
    Credit Administration--
                ``(1) shall collect the information gathered by Farm Credit
            System institutions under this section and make the information
            available to the public on an annual basis; and
                ``(2) shall not require, in prescribing regulations to
            implement this section, that any Farm Credit System institution
            contradict the wishes of a customer who does not wish to
            voluntarily report race, sex, or ethnicity by requiring the
            Farm Credit System institution to report the race, sex, or
            ethnicity of the customer based on visual observation, surname,
            or any other method.
        ``(e) Protection of Personally Identifiable Information.--In
    reporting the information collected under this section, the Farm Credit
    Administration shall not include any information that would reveal the
    identity of any loan applicant or borrower.
        ``(f) Effective Date.--This section shall apply only to
    applications received and loans made 1 year or more after the date of
    the enactment of this section.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 704B(h)(1) of the Equal Credit
    Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691c-2(h)(1)) is amended by inserting ``,
    other than any entity that is supervised by the Farm Credit
    Administration'' before the period at the end.
        (c) Compliance.--
                (1) Effective date.--A Farm Credit System institution shall
            not be required to comply with any regulation promulgated
            pursuant to this section until January 1, 2026.
                (2) Cessation.--If a financial institution subject to
            subpart B of part 1002 of title 12, Code of Federal
            Regulations, is not required to comply with the rule, whether
            because a court invalidates the rule or the rule is otherwise
            repealed, the Farm Credit System institutions shall not be
            required to comply with any regulation promulgated pursuant to
            this section or an amendment made by this section.

    SEC. 5504. LOAN GUARANTEES.

        Section 8.0(7)(B) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C.
    2279aa(7)(B)) is amended by inserting `` or section 9007(c)(1) of the
    Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107(c)(1))''
    before the 1st comma.

    SEC. 5505. STANDARDS FOR QUALIFIED LOANS.

        Section 8.8 of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``mortgage
            investors'' and inserting ``investors in those types of
            loans''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``limitation'' and inserting ``limitations''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Further limitation.--Notwithstanding paragraphs (1)
            and (2), the Farm Credit Administration may establish such
            other loan amount limitations to reflect the treatment as a
            qualified loan of a moderately sized agricultural mortgage
            loan, as determined by the Farm Credit Administration, with
            appropriate periodic adjustments for geographic differences and
            valuations, consistent with maintaining the safety and
            soundness of the Corporation.''.

    SEC. 5506. STATE AGRICULTURAL MEDIATION PROGRAMS.

        (a) Definition of State.--Section 501 of the Agricultural Credit
    Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(e) Definition of State.--In this title, the term `State' has the
    meaning given the term in section 1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act
    of 1977, and includes any Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of the
    Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act).''.
        (b) Matching Grants to States.--Section 502 of the Agricultural
    Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5102) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``$500,000'' and
            inserting ``$700,000''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Carryover of Financial Assistance.--The Secretary shall
    permit a State that receives financial assistance under subsection (a)
    for a fiscal year to carry over not more than 25 percent of the
    financial assistance that is not expended by the end of the fiscal
    year, for use during the next fiscal year without deducting the amount
    from any assistance provided under this Act in subsequent fiscal
    years.''.
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 506 of such Act (7
    U.S.C. 5106) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 5507. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        (a) Elimination of Obsolete References to County Committees.--
                (1) Section 333A(a)(2)(B)(vi) of the Consolidated Farm and
            Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(a)(2)(B)(vi)) is amended
            by striking ``by the county committee'' and inserting ``of the
            application''.
                (2) Section 336 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1986) is amended--
                        (A) by striking the last sentence of subsection
                    (b); and
                        (B) by striking subsection (c) and redesignating
                    subsection (d) as subsection (c).
                (3) Section 339 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1989) is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``county
                    committee certification that the borrower of the loan
                    meets the eligibility requirements and'' and inserting
                    ``the borrower meeting''; and
                        (B) in subsection (d)(4)(A), by striking ``county
                    committee certification that the borrower meets the
                    eligibility requirements or'' and inserting ``the
                    borrower meeting''.
                (4) Section 359(c)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2006a(c)(1)) is
            amended by striking ``(as determined by the appropriate county
            committee during the determination of eligibility for the
            loan)''.
        (b) Revision of Loan Assessment Requirements.--Section 360(d)(1) of
    such Act (7 U.S.C. 2006b(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``annual review
    of direct loans, and periodic review (as determined necessary by the
    Secretary) of guaranteed loans'' and inserting ``periodic review (as
    determined by the Secretary) of direct and guaranteed loans''.
        (c) Updating of Outdated References to the Farmers Home
    Administration and the Rural Development Agency.--
                (1) Section 309(e) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1928(e)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration and the Rural
            Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency and Rural Development''.
                (2) Section 331(a)(5) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(a)(5)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' each place
            it appears and inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural
            Development''.
                (3) Section 331(a)(7) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(a)(7)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and
            inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural Development''.
                (4) Section 331(a)(8) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(a)(8)) is
            amended by striking ``Rural Development Administration or by
            the Farmers Home Administration'' ``Farm Service Agency and
            Rural Development''.
                (5) Section 331(b)(4) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(4)) is
            amended by striking ``Consolidated''.
                (6) Section 331(b) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)) is
            amended in each of paragraphs (5) and (7) by striking ``Farmers
            Home Administration'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Farm Service Agency and Rural Development''.
                (7) Section 331(b)(8) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(8)) is
            amended by striking ``Rural Development Administration or by
            the Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency and Rural Development''.
                (8) Section 331A(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or by the
            Rural Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency or by Rural Development''.
                (9) Section 335(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(a)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural
            Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency or Rural Development''.
                (10) Section 335(f)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(f)(1)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by striking ``Agricultural Stabilization and
                    Conservation Service payments'' and inserting ``Farm
                    Service Agency farm program'';
                        (B) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration
                    liens'' and inserting ``liens for a farmer program
                    loan''; and
                        (C) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration
                    farmer'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency farmer''.
                (11) Section 338(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1988(a)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural
            Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency and Rural Development''.
                (12) Section 347 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1995) is amended by
            striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm
            Service Agency and Rural Development''.
                (13) Section 356 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2004) is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration may''
                    and inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural
                    Development may''; and
                        (B) by striking ``the inventory of the Farmers Home
                    Administration'' and inserting ``inventory''.
                (14) Section 370(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2008e(a)) is
            amended by striking ``the Rural Development Administration, the
            Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Electrification
            Administration'' and inserting ``Rural Development, the Farm
            Service Agency, the Rural Utilities Service''.
                (15) Each of the following provisions of such Act is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' each place
            it appears and inserting ``Farm Service Agency'':
                        (A) Section 309(g)(1) (7 U.S.C. 1929(g)(1)).
                        (B) Section 331A(a) (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)).
                        (C) Section 333A(a)(2)(B) (7 U.S.C.
                    1983a(a)(2)(B)).
                        (D) Section 333A(e)(1) (7 U.S.C. 1983a(e)(1)).
                        (E) Section 335(d) (7 U.S.C. 1985(d)).
                        (F) Section 353A (7 U.S.C. 2001a).
                        (G) Section 349(e)(1)(B) (7 U.S.C. 1997(e)(1)(B)).
                        (H) Section 361 (7 U.S.C. 2006c).
        (d) Section 335(c)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(c)(1)) is
    amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``15'' and inserting
            ``60'';
                (2) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                        (A) by striking ``135'' and inserting ``180''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``suitable for farming and
                    ranching, as determined by the Secretary'' before the
                    comma; and
                (3) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``not later than 135
            days after acquiring the real property, the Secretary shall,
            not later than 30 days after the 135-day period,'' and
            inserting ``or if the property is not suitable for farming and
            ranching as determined by the Secretary, not later than 60 days
            after the 180-day period, the Secretary shall''.
        (e) Correction of Infeasible Inventory Property Disposition
    Framework.--
                (1) Section 331(b)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(1)) is
            amended by striking ``, and until January'' and all that
            follows through ``fit)''.
                (2) Section 335(f) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(f)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by striking paragraphs (3) through (5) and
                    redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (3); and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the
                    following:
        ``(4) The Secretary shall issue regulations consistent with this
    section that ensures the release of funds to each borrower.''.
        (f) Replacement of References to District Office With References to
    District Director.--Section 333A(a)(2)(B) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1983a(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``district office'' each place
    it appears and inserting ``District Director''.
        (g) Correction of Obsolete Reference to Former Trust Territories.--
    Section 343(a)(6) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(6)) is amended by
    striking ``the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands'' and inserting
    ``the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the
    Republic of the Marshall Islands''.
        (h) Revision of Farmer Program Loan Definition.--Section 343(a)(10)
    of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(10)) is amended by inserting ``before
    June 18, 2008, conservation loan (CL) under section 304 on or after
    June 18, 2008,'' before ``emergency loan (EM)''.
        (i) Elimination of Inconsistency Between Rules Applicable to
    Beginning Farmers.--Section 343(a)(11)(C) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1991(a)(11)(C)) is amended by striking ``related to one another by
    blood or marriage'' and inserting ``qualified beginning farmers''.
        (j) Updating of Provisions to Reflect Repurposing of Conservation
    Loan Provisions.--
                (1) Section 303(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)) is
            amended in each of paragraphs (1)(D) and (2)(D) by striking
            ``described in section 304''.
                (2) Section 310D of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1934) is amended by
            striking ``, or paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 304(a),''
            and inserting ``section 304(a)''.
        (k) Updating of Notice Provision Requirement and Lifetime Debt
    Forgiveness Limit.--Section 353 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``registered or
            certified mail'' and inserting ``any method that provides
            documentation of delivery''; and
                (2) in subsection (o), by striking ``$300,000'' and
            inserting ``$600,000''.
        (l) Updating of Obsolete Reference to the Soil Conservation
    Service.--Section 306(a)(13) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(13)) is
    amended by striking ``Soil Conservation Service'' and inserting
    ``Natural Resources Conservation Service''.
        (m) Clarification of Interest Rate Requirements.--
                (1) Section 307(a)(3)(B) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
            1927(a)(3)(B)) is amended by striking ``not be--'' and all that
            follows and inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for
            direct farm ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed
            5 percent per year.''.
                (2) Section 316(a)(2) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1946(a)(2)) is
            amended by striking ``not be--'' and all that follows and
            inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for direct farm
            ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed 5 percent
            per year.''.
        (n) Correction of Heading.--Section 309(h)(6) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1929(h)(6)) is amended in the paragraph heading by striking ``Beginning
    farmer loans'' and inserting ``Down payment loan program participant''.
        (o) Elimination of Superfluous Restrictions.--Section 312 of such
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1942) is amended by striking subsection (d) and
    redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (d).
        (p) Elimination of Confusing References to Loan Guarantees.--
    Section 319 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1949) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``or loan
            guarantees'';
                (2) by striking ``(a)''; and
                (3) by striking ``or with respect to whom there is an
            outstanding guarantee under this subtitle''.
        (q) Elimination of Obsolete Reporting Requirements.--Section 346 of
    such Act (7 U.S.C. 1994) is amended by striking subsections (c) and
    (d).
        (r) Correction of Obsolete Appeals Provisions.--
                (1) Section 352(c)(3) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2000(c)(3)) is
            amended by striking ``section 333B'' and inserting ``subtitle H
            of title II of Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of
            Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994''.
                (2) Section 353 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (h), by striking ``under section
                    333B''; and
                        (B) in subsection (j)--
                                (i) by striking ``filed with the appeals
                            division under section 333B'' and inserting
                            ``to the National Appeals Division'';
                                (ii) by striking ``appeals division shall''
                            and inserting ``Secretary shall''; and
                                (iii) by striking ``county supervisor'' and
                            inserting ``Secretary''.
        (s) Elimination of Unnecessary Constraint on Pilot Projects.--
    Section 333D(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1983d(a)) is amended by striking
    ``that are consistent with subtitle A through this subtitle''.
        (t) Correction of Heading.--The paragraph heading in section
    8.8(a)(3) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8(a)(3)) is
    amended by striking ``Mortgage loans'' and inserting ``Loan quality''.

                          TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

             Subtitle A--Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

    SEC. 6101. PRIORITIZATIONS FOR DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE AND
                  COMMUNITY FACILITIES PROGRAM.

        Section 6101(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (132
    Stat. 4726; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2026'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) in the heading, by striking
                                    ``Substance use disorder set-aside''
                                    and inserting ``Set-aside''; and
                                        (II) by inserting ``, mental
                                    health, behavioral health, or maternal
                                    health'' before ``treatment''; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ``mental
                            health, behavioral health, maternal health,
                            or'' before ``substance'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) in the heading, by striking
                                    ``Substance abuse disorder selection''
                                    and inserting ``Selection'';
                                        (II) in subclause (I), by inserting
                                    ``mental health, behavioral health,
                                    maternal health, or'' before
                                    ``substance''; and
                                        (III) in subclause (II), by
                                    inserting ``mental health concerns,
                                    behavioral health concerns, maternal
                                    health concerns, or'' before
                                    ``substance''; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ``,
                            behavioral health treatment, mental health
                            treatment, or maternal health, respectively''
                            before the period; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``behavioral
                    health, mental health, maternal health, or'' before
                    ``substance''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2025'' and inserting
            ``2026''.

    SEC. 6102. DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE LOANS AND GRANTS.

        Section 2335A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa-5) is amended by striking ``$82,000,000 for
    each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$82,000,000
    for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available for 2
    fiscal years after the fiscal year for which appropriated''.

         Subtitle B--Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

    SEC. 6201. RURAL BROADBAND PROGRAM LOANS AND GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of
    1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``access to
            broadband telecommunications services in rural areas'' and
            inserting ``reconnect rural broadband program'';
                (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``The purpose'' and all
            that follows through ``provide funds for'' and inserting ``The
            Secretary shall establish a program, which shall be known as
            the `ReConnect Rural Broadband Program', to provide grants,
            loans, and loan guarantees to finance'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants, loans,
            and loan guarantees to eligible entities described in
            subsection (d) for the purpose of financing the construction,
            improvement, or acquisition of facilities and equipment
            necessary for delivering broadband service in rural areas.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A)
                    and (B) and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) In general.--In making grants, making loans,
                    and guaranteeing loans under paragraph (1), the
                    Secretary shall give the highest priority to
                    applications for projects to provide broadband service
                    to unserved rural communities that do not have any
                    residential broadband service of at least--
                                ``(i) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission
                            capacity; and
                                ``(ii) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission
                            capacity.
                        ``(B) Other.--After giving priority to the
                    applications described in subparagraph (A), the
                    Secretary shall then give priority to applications--
                                ``(i) for projects to provide broadband
                            service to rural communities--
                                        ``(I) with a population of less
                                    than 10,000 inhabitants; or
                                        ``(II) in geographically
                                    underserved and distressed areas,
                                    including--
                                                ``(aa) a socially
                                            vulnerable community (as
                                            determined by the Secretary);
                                                ``(bb) a persistent poverty
                                            county (as determined by the
                                            Secretary); or
                                                ``(cc) in an economically
                                            distressed area (as determined
                                            by the Secretary);
                                ``(ii) that were developed with the
                            participation of, and will receive a
                            substantial portion of the funding or in-kind
                            assistance for the project from, 2 or more
                            stakeholders, including--
                                        ``(I) State, local, and tribal
                                    governments;
                                        ``(II) nonprofit institutions;
                                        ``(III) community anchor
                                    institutions, such as--
                                                ``(aa) public libraries;
                                                ``(bb) elementary schools
                                            and secondary schools (as
                                            defined in section 8101 of the
                                            Elementary and Secondary
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20
                                            U.S.C. 7801));
                                                ``(cc) institutions of
                                            higher education (including
                                            1862 Land-Grant Institutions,
                                            1890 Land-Grant Institutions,
                                            1994 Land-Grant Institutions,
                                            Hispanic-Serving Institutions,
                                            and Historically Black Colleges
                                            and Universities);
                                                ``(dd) health care
                                            facilities; and
                                                ``(ee) facilities essential
                                            for local or regional commerce
                                            or for the movement of goods;
                                        ``(IV) private entities;
                                        ``(V) philanthropic organizations;
                                    and
                                        ``(VI) cooperatives; or
                                ``(iii) that are submitted by an eligible
                            entity or is owned by an entity that has
                            provided broadband service or other utility
                            service for at least 5 years in rural areas in
                            the State in which the project would be carried
                            out.'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking ``and'' at the end
                                    of clause (i);
                                        (II) by striking the period at the
                                    end of clause (ii) and inserting ``;
                                    and''; and
                                        (III) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                ``(iii) shall be subject to a grant
                            agreement of not less than 10 years.'';
                                (ii) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(C) Applications.--
                                ``(i) Grant-only applications.--The
                            Secretary shall establish an application
                            process that permits an application for a
                            grant-only award.
                                ``(ii) Combined applications.--The
                            Secretary shall establish an application
                            process that--
                                        ``(I) permits a single application
                                    for a grant and a loan under title I or
                                    II, or this title, that is associated
                                    with the grant; and
                                        ``(II) provides a single decision
                                    to award the grant and the loan.'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                            subparagraph (D); and
                                (iv) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                        (D) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(4) Fees.--
                        ``(A) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess an initial guarantee fee for any insured or
                    guaranteed loan issued or modified under this section
                    in an amount that does not exceed 3 percent of the
                    guaranteed principal portion of the loan.
                        ``(B) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess a periodic retention fee for any insured or
                    guaranteed loan or modified under this section in an
                    amount that does not exceed 0.75 percent of the
                    outstanding principal of the guarantee loan.
                        ``(C) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for
                    any insured or guaranteed loan issued or modified under
                    this section, the Secretary, not less than 30 days in
                    advance of any fee change, shall provide a public
                    disclosure, of the financial data, economic and
                    behavioral assumptions, calculations, and other factors
                    used to determine the new fee rates.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in clause (i), by adding
                                    ``and'' at the end; and
                                        (II) by striking ``require; and''
                                    and all that follows through ``agree''
                                    and insert ``require, and agree'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                            subparagraph (E) and inserting after
                            subparagraph (A) the following:
                        ``(B) Inclusions.--An entity eligible to obtain
                    assistance under subsection (c) may include--
                                ``(i) a State or local government,
                            including any agency, subdivision,
                            instrumentality, or political subdivision of a
                            State or local government;
                                ``(ii) a territory or possession of the
                            United States;
                                ``(iii) an Indian Tribe (as defined in
                            section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and
                            Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                                ``(iv) a cooperative or mutual
                            organization;
                                ``(v) an organization of 2 or more
                            incorporated areas that have established an
                            intermunicipal legal agreement for the purposes
                            of delivering communication services to
                            residents;
                                ``(vi) a corporation; or
                                ``(vii) a limited liability company or
                            limited liability partnership.
                        ``(C) Ineligible entities.--An individual or legal
                    general partnership that is formed with individuals
                    shall not be eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant
                    and loan combination under subsection (c).
                        ``(D) Affiliated owned and operated networks.--
                    Under this subsection, the Secretary may fund the
                    construction of networks owned and operated by an
                    affiliate of an eligible entity receiving the grant,
                    loan, or loan guarantee, if the eligible entity, the
                    affiliate, or both, as determined necessary by the
                    Secretary, furnishes adequate security for the grant,
                    loan, or loan guarantee.''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (E) (as so
                            redesignated by clause (ii) of this
                            subparagraph), by inserting ``, directly or in
                            conjunction with any combination of
                            affiliates,'' before ``may not'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``subparagraphs (B)
                                    and (C)'' and inserting ``subparagraph
                                    (B)'';
                                        (II) by striking ``is submitted--''
                                    and all that follows through ``(i) not
                                    less than 50'' and inserting ``is
                                    submitted not less than 75'' ; and
                                        (III) by striking ``(e); and'' and
                                    all that follows and inserting
                                    ``(e).'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``(A)(i)'' and inserting ``(A)''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                        (C) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``Subject to paragraph (2),
                            for'' and inserting ``For'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``25'' and inserting ``50''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``3'' and inserting ``25'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Adjustments.--The Secretary may adjust, through a 30-
            day public notice and comment period published in the Federal
            Register, an increase in the minimum level of broadband service
            under paragraph (1) of no more than 50 percent from the
            preceding year, if less than 95 percent of the funds of the
            program are obligated in the preceding 2 funding rounds.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``buildout'' and inserting ``project
                            agreement''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) through
                            (D) and inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Broadband buildout standards defined.--A
                    project must meet the following applicable broadband
                    standard in order to be considered for assistance;
                                ``(i) A project with an award term of less
                            than 8 years must provide service at 2 times
                            the minimum broadband speed established in
                            subsection (e)(1).
                                ``(ii) A project with an award term of at
                            least 8 years and less than 14 years must
                            provide service at 5 times the minimum
                            broadband speed established in subsection
                            (e)(1).
                                ``(iii) A project with an award term of 14
                            or more years must provide service at 10 times
                            the minimum broadband speed established in
                            subsection (e)(1).
                        ``(C) Network upgrade planning.--The Secretary may
                    prioritize an applicant seeking to meet the broadband
                    buildout standards under clause (i) or (ii) of
                    subparagraph (B) if the applicant submits information
                    regarding the potential for the physical infrastructure
                    of the network to be upgraded to meet the broadband
                    buildout standards under subparagraph (B)(iii) at the
                    time of the application, assuming reasonable progress
                    in relevant networking technologies.'';
                (6) by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following:
        ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $350,000,000
    for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until
    expended.''; and
                (7) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.
        (b) Regulations.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate rules to carry
    out the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section, and complete
    the biennial review process required by section 601(e)(2) of the Rural
    Electrification Act of 1936.
        (c) Sunset.--The authorities provided by section 779 of the
    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141) shall have
    no force or effect beginning 270 days after the date of the enactment
    of this Act.
        (d) Transition Rules.--
                (1) Availability of funds for administrative costs.--Not
            more than 1 percent of the unobligated balances of amounts made
            available, as of the date that is 270 days after the date of
            the enactment of this Act, to carry out the pilot program
            described in section 779 of the Consolidated Appropriations
            Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141) may be used for the costs of
            transitioning from the pilot program to the program under
            section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as
            amended by this Act.
                (2) Consolidation of funds.--
                        (A) In general.--The unobligated balances of all
                    amounts made available on or before June 30, 2025, to
                    carry out the pilot program described in section 779 of
                    the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law
                    115-141) that are in excess of the amount described in
                    subparagraph (B) of this paragraph are hereby
                    transferred to and merged with amounts made available
                    to carry out the program authorized under section 601
                    of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.
                        (B) Unfunded approvals.--The amount described in
                    this subparagraph is the amount required to fully fund
                    each project approved as of the date that is 270 days
                    after the date of the enactment of this Act, under the
                    pilot program described in such section 779 for which
                    amounts were not obligated or partially obligated as of
                    such date.

    SEC. 6202. EXPANSION OF MIDDLE MILE INFRASTRUCTURE INTO RURAL AREAS.

        Section 602(g) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950bb-1(g)) is amended by striking ``2018 through 2023'' and inserting
    ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6203. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

        Section 603 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950bb-2) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 603. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to be
    known as the `Innovative Broadband Advancement Program', under which
    the Secretary may provide a grant, a loan, or both to an eligible
    entity for the purpose of demonstrating innovative broadband
    technologies or methods of broadband deployment that significantly
    decrease the cost of broadband deployment, and provide substantially
    faster broadband speeds than are available, in a rural area.
        ``(b) Terrestrial Broadband Demonstration Projects.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide grants or
            loans to eligible entities for the purpose of deploying
            innovative broadband technologies to qualified consumers who
            subscribe to terrestrial broadband service in rural areas.
                ``(2) Eligibility.--To be eligible to obtain assistance
            under this subsection for a project, an entity shall--
                        ``(A) submit to the Secretary an application--
                                ``(i) that describes a terrestrial
                            broadband demonstration project designed to
                            decrease the cost of broadband deployment, and
                            substantially increase broadband speed to not
                            less than the maximum broadband project
                            agreement requirements established under
                            section 601(e)(4), to qualified consumers in a
                            rural area to be served by the project; and
                                ``(ii) at such time, in such manner, and
                            containing such other information as the
                            Secretary may require;
                        ``(B) demonstrate that the entity is able to carry
                    out the project; and
                        ``(C) agree to complete the project build-out
                    within 5 years after the date the assistance is first
                    provided for the project.
                ``(3) Prioritization.--In awarding assistance under this
            subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals for
            projects that--
                        ``(A) involve partnerships between or among
                    multiple entities;
                        ``(B) would provide broadband service to the
                    greatest number of rural entities at or above the
                    broadband requirements referred to in paragraph
                    (2)(A)(i);
                        ``(C) the Secretary determines could be replicated
                    in rural areas described in paragraph (2); and
                        ``(D) are located in States and territories
                    selected by the Secretary to be diverse on the basis of
                    geography, topography, and demographics.
                ``(4) Qualified consumer.--In this subsection, the term
            `qualified consumer' means--
                        ``(A) an individual or member of a household who
                    lives in a rural area;
                        ``(B) a rural small business; or
                        ``(C) an essential community facility, as defined
                    pursuant to section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and
                    Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)).
                ``(5) Rural area.--In this subsection, the term `rural
            area' has the meaning provided in section 601(b)(3).
        ``(c) Satellite Broadband Demonstration Projects.--
                ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to reduce
            or eliminate the costs to access satellite broadband service
            for remote subscribers.
                ``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means a broadband service provider that provides
                    Internet access directly to qualified consumers in
                    remote areas via satellite technology.
                        ``(B) Qualified consumer.--The term `qualified
                    consumer' means a consumer served by an eligible entity
                    that receives a grant under paragraph (3), who is--
                                ``(i) an individual or a member of a
                            household at or below the poverty line (as
                            defined in section 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget
                            Reconciliation Act of 1981, including any
                            revision required by such section, applicable
                            to a family of the size involved); or
                                ``(ii) an essential community facility, as
                            defined pursuant to section 306(a) of the
                            Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
                            U.S.C. 1926(a)).
                        ``(C) Satellite broadband equipment.--The term
                    `satellite broadband equipment' means user terminals,
                    wi-fi routers, power supplies, mounts, and any other
                    equipment necessary to connect a qualified consumer to
                    satellite broadband service.
                        ``(D) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the
                    Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the
                    Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service.
                        ``(E) Remote.--The term `remote' means a region
                    classified within level 3 or level 4 of the frontier
                    and remote zip code areas published by the Economic
                    Research Service of the Department of Agriculture.
                ``(3) Grants to eligible entities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (B), the
                    Secretary shall make grants to eligible entities for
                    the purpose of reducing or eliminating the cost
                    associated with the purchase or installation, or both,
                    of satellite broadband equipment to qualified consumers
                    to subscribe to satellite broadband service in remote
                    areas.
                        ``(B) Requirements.--As a condition of receiving a
                    grant under this subsection, an eligible entity shall--
                                ``(i) provide retail broadband service
                            delivered via satellite technology to qualified
                            consumers, that--
                                        ``(I) enables a qualified consumer
                                    to the service to originate and receive
                                    high-quality voice, data, graphics,
                                    video; and
                                        ``(II) has a latency which does not
                                    exceed 250 milliseconds;
                                ``(ii) submit to the Secretary an
                            application at such time, in such manner, and
                            containing such other information as the
                            Secretary may require;
                                ``(iii) agree to reduce or eliminate the
                            cost associated with the purchase,
                            installation, or both, of satellite broadband
                            equipment for qualified consumers; and
                                ``(iv) agree to provide qualified consumers
                            with the reduction or elimination of that cost
                            within 1 year of the assistance being obligated
                            to the eligible entity.
                        ``(C) Eligibility map of qualified consumers.--
                    Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this
                    Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall
                    publish a map of the remote areas of qualified
                    consumers that do not have access to terrestrial
                    broadband service of at least--
                                ``(i) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission
                            capacity; and
                                ``(ii) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission
                            capacity.
        ``(d) Report.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a
    comprehensive report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate that shall provide the outcomes, effectiveness,
    and impact of the Innovative Broadband Advancement Program, including--
                ``(1) an assessment of the broadband infrastructure funded,
            including the scope, scale, nature and geographic locations of
            each award;
                ``(2) the broadband access and speeds achieved, including
            the download and upload speeds, latency, and overall network
            reliability;
                ``(3) any technical or logistical challenges encountered by
            the eligible entities; and
                ``(4) any recommendations for future innovative broadband
            deployment initiatives in rural areas.
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.''.

    SEC. 6204. COMMUNITY CONNECT GRANTS.

        Section 604 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950bb-3) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``10'' and
                    inserting ``25''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``1'' and
                    inserting ``3'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) provides broadband speeds not less than the broadband
            project agreement requirements established under section
            601(e)(4)(B)(ii) to the eligible entity within the proposed
            eligible service area.''; and
                (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6205. RATE REGULATION.

        Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb-
    950bb-5) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 607. RATE REGULATION.

        ``Nothing in this title authorizes the Secretary to regulate rates
    charged for broadband service.''.

    SEC. 6206. PUBLIC NOTICE, ASSESSMENTS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, AND
                  REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 701 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950cc) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``technical
            assistance,'' before ``and'';
                (2) in subsection (a)(1)(B)(i), by inserting ``, including
            a complete shapefile map'' before the semicolon;
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                            subparagraph (C) and inserting after
                            subparagraph (A) the following:
                        ``(B) validate the information submitted by service
                    providers under subparagraph (A) through procedures
                    established by the Secretary, which shall include an
                    agency determination provided to the submitter, an
                    opportunity of the submitter to respond, and a final
                    non-appealable determination of the Secretary; and'';
                    and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (C) (as so
                            redesignated by clause (ii) of this
                            subparagraph), by striking ``paragraph (1)''
                            and inserting ``subparagraph (A)''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking all that precedes
                    subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
                ``(2) Assessment of eligibility.--In making any
            determination to award a loan, loan guarantee, or grant for any
            retail broadband project provided assistance or for which
            assistance is sought that is administered by the Secretary, the
            Secretary shall confirm that each unserved rural community
            identified in the application is eligible for funding by--
                        ``(A) utilizing the map created by the Federal
                    Communications Commission under section 802(c)(1)(A) of
                    the Communications Act of 1934 and the Deployment
                    Locations Map established under section 60104(b) of the
                    Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (47 U.S.C.
                    1704(b));''; and
                (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
        ``(e) Broadband Technical Assistance Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants to
            private, nonprofit, or public organizations to provide or
            receive eligible entities broadband technical assistance and
            training to expand access to broadband service in rural
            communities through the broadband programs of the Department of
            Agriculture including--
                        ``(A) preparing applications for grants, loans and
                    loan guarantees under this section;
                        ``(B) identifying resources to finance broadband
                    facilities from public and private sources, including
                    other Federal agencies;
                        ``(C) preparing feasibility studies, financial
                    forecasts, market surveys, environmental studies, and
                    technical design information to support broadband
                    services;
                        ``(D) preparing reports and surveys necessary to
                    support the need for broadband services, the price
                    range, and request financial assistance;
                        ``(E) analyzing and improving operations related to
                    the management, including financial management, of
                    broadband facilities and to the efficiency of the
                    entity;
                        ``(F) collecting broadband infrastructure data; or
                        ``(G) assisting with other areas of need identified
                    by the Secretary.
                ``(2) Eligible entities.--To be eligible to obtain
            assistance under this subsection, an entity shall be--
                        ``(A) a federally recognized tribe or tribal
                    entity;
                        ``(B) a State or local government, including any
                    agency, subdivision, instrumentality, or political
                    subdivision thereof;
                        ``(C) a territory or possession of the United
                    States;
                        ``(D) an institution of higher education (including
                    a 1862 Land-Grant Institution, 1890 Land-Grant
                    Institution, 1994 Land-Grant Institution, Hispanic-
                    Serving Institution, or Historically Black College or
                    University);
                        ``(E) a nonprofit organization described in section
                    501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                        ``(F) a cooperative or mutual organization;
                        ``(G) a corporation; or
                        ``(H) a limited liability company or limited
                    liability partnership.
                ``(3) Selection priority.--In selecting recipients of
            grants under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority
            to organizations that have experience in providing technical
            assistance and training to rural entities.
                ``(4) National applications.--The Secretary shall allow
            applications for grants under this paragraph from qualified
            organizations for the sole purpose of providing on-site
            community technical assistance and training on a national or
            multi-State regional basis.
        ``(f) Assistance for Community Broadband Mapping.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants to
            eligible entities for the purpose of collecting broadband
            service data to assist the Secretary in--
                        ``(A) establishing the availability of broadband
                    service or middle mile infrastructure in a rural area;
                        ``(B) determining the eligibility of a community
                    for assistance under any broadband program administered
                    by the Secretary;
                        ``(C) undertaking a service area assessment under
                    this section; or
                        ``(D) collecting information to submit a challenge
                    to the National Broadband Map created by the Federal
                    Communications Commission pursuant to section 802(c)(1)
                    of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C.
                    642(c)(1)).
                ``(2) Application.--To apply for a grant under this
            section, an entity shall submit an application which
            identifies--
                        ``(A) the data collection area;
                        ``(B) the purpose of the data collection;
                        ``(C) the types of broadband service data to be
                    collected;
                        ``(D) the survey and data collection methods
                    utilized; and
                        ``(E) any other information the Secretary
                    determines necessary to promote the integrity of
                    broadband service collected under this section.
                ``(3) Limitation of grant amount.--The amount of a grant
            made available under this subsection shall not exceed $50,000.
                ``(4) Broadband service data usage.--The Secretary shall
            ensure that any broadband service data collected under this
            section is--
                        ``(A) measured or assessed in accordance with such
                    standards as are established by the Federal
                    Communications Commission pursuant to section
                    802(a)(1)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47
                    U.S.C. 642(a)(1)(A));
                        ``(B) accurate and verifiable in accordance with
                    such standards as are established by the Federal
                    Communications Commission pursuant to section
                    802(a)(1)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47
                    U.S.C. 642(a)(1)(A));
                        ``(C) included in any broadband maps or data sets
                    maintained by the Secretary; and
                        ``(D) made available to the Chair of the Federal
                    Communications Commission and the Administrator of the
                    National Telecommunications and Information
                    Administration for inclusion in any broadband maps or
                    data sets either may maintain.
                ``(5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Broadband service.--The term `broadband
                    service' has the same meaning given the term in section
                    601.
                        ``(B) Broadband service data.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The term `broadband
                            service data' means information related to--
                                        ``(I) the location and type of
                                    broadband service;
                                        ``(II) the location and type of
                                    broadband infrastructure;
                                        ``(III) the advertised, maximum,
                                    and average speed of broadband service;
                                        ``(IV) the average price of the
                                    most subscribed tier of broadband
                                    service;
                                        ``(V) the speed tiers of broadband
                                    service available in the area; or
                                        ``(VI) any additional metric the
                                    Secretary deems appropriate.
                                ``(ii) Further definition.--The Secretary
                            shall further define the term `broadband
                            service area' to ensure that data is measured
                            and collected in a manner consistent with the
                            reporting requirements under this section, and
                            any broadband coordination or data-sharing
                            obligations.
                        ``(C) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means--
                                ``(i) a unit of local government in a rural
                            area;
                                ``(ii) a tribal government or unit of
                            tribal government;
                                ``(iii) an economic development or other
                            community organization;
                                ``(iv) an eligible entity under title I or
                            II that serves persons in rural areas;
                                ``(v) an internet service provider that has
                            not more than 100,000 subscribers; or
                                ``(vi) any other entity eligible under a
                            title VI program that is not an internet
                            service provider.
                        ``(D) Middle mile infrastructure.--The term `middle
                    mile infrastructure' has the meaning given the term in
                    section 602.
                        ``(E) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the
                    meaning given the term in section 601.
                ``(6) Limitation on amount made available for grants.--The
            Secretary may not expend more than 1 percent of the amounts
            made available under subsection (g) for each of fiscal years
            2025 through 2029 to carry out this subsection.
        ``(g) Limitations on Reservation of Funds.--Not less than 3 but not
    more than 5 percent of the amounts appropriated to the program to carry
    out title VI shall be set aside to be used for--
                ``(1) conducting oversight under such title;
                ``(2) implementing accountability measures and related
            activities authorized under such title; or
                ``(3) carrying out this section.''.

    SEC. 6207. LIMITATION ON OVERBUILDING.

        Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb
    et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 608. LIMITATION ON OVERBUILDING.

        ``Any area in a proposed service area under this title shall not be
    considered unserved if an applicant in another Federal or State
    broadband program has received an obligation of funding to offer retail
    broadband service in the area not more than 5 years from the date of
    the obligation of funds, at a speed of at least 100 Mbps download and
    20 Mbps upload.''.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 6301. RURAL ENERGY SAVINGS PROGRAM.

        Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8107a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``,
                            if the entity continues to serve rural areas
                            (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the
                            Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
                            U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the semicolon;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``or'' at the end; and
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                            subparagraph (E) and inserting after
                            subparagraph (B) the following:
                        ``(C) any Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of
                    the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance
                    Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                        ``(D) any public, quasi-public, or nonprofit entity
                    that uses innovative financing techniques and market
                    development tools to accelerate the deployment of
                    energy efficiency technology; or'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Energy efficiency measures.--The term `energy
            efficiency measures' means, with respect to any property
            service by an eligible entity--
                        ``(A) a structural improvement or investment in a
                    cost-effective, commercial technology to increase
                    energy efficiency (including cost-effective on-or off-
                    grid renewable energy or energy storage system); and
                        ``(B) the replacement of a manufactured housing
                    unit or large appliance with a substantially similar
                    manufacturing housing unit or appliance, respectively,
                    if that replacement is a cost-effective option with
                    respect to energy savings.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
                    Grants'' before ``to'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) In general.--Subject to this subsection, the
            Secretary shall provide--
                        ``(A) loans to eligible entities that agree to use
                    the loan funds to make loans under subsection (d) to
                    qualified consumers for the purpose of implementing
                    energy efficiency measures; and
                        ``(B) at the election of any eligible entity that
                    receives a loan under subparagraph (A) of this
                    paragraph, a grant in accordance with paragraph
                    (11).'';
                        (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (9) as
                    paragraphs (3) through (10), respectively, and
                    inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Prioritization.--The Secretary shall give priority to
            applications from eligible entities serving at least 80 percent
            of their ratepayers residing in rural areas, as defined in
            section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
            Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).'';
                        (D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated by
                    subparagraph (C) of this paragraph)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting
                            ``for loans'' before the period; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking
                            ``that is'';
                        (E) by striking paragraph (6) (as so redesignated
                    by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph) and inserting
                    the following:
                ``(6) Repayment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B) of
                    this paragraph, with respect to a loan under paragraph
                    (1)(A)--
                                ``(i) the term shall not exceed 20 years
                            from the date on which the loan is closed; and
                                ``(ii) except as provided in paragraph (8),
                            the repayment of each advance shall be
                            amortized for a period not to exceed 10 years.
                        ``(B) Extensions.--The Secretary may extend the
                    term of a loan under subparagraph (A)(i), or the
                    deadline for repayment of an advance under subparagraph
                    (A)(ii), as the Secretary determines appropriate.'';
                        (F) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated by
                    subparagraph (C) of this paragraph)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``(1)'' and inserting ``(1)(A)''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking
                            ``Repayment'' and inserting ``Subject to an
                            applicable extension under paragraph (6)(B),
                            repayment'';
                        (G) by striking paragraph (9) (as so redesignated
                    by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph) and inserting
                    the following:
                ``(9) Limitations.--
                        ``(A) Special advances.--All special advances shall
                    be made under a loan described in paragraph (1) during
                    the first 10 years of the term of the loan.
                        ``(B) Replacement of manufactured housing units or
                    large appliances.--Not more than 10 percent of the
                    total annual amount of budget authority for loans
                    described in paragraph (1) may be used for the
                    replacement of manufactured housing units or large
                    appliances.''; and
                        (H) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(11) Grants.--
                        ``(A) In general.--At the election of an eligible
                    entity that receives a loan under this subsection, the
                    Secretary may provide to the eligible entity a grant to
                    pay for a portion of the costs incurred in--
                                ``(i) making repairs to the property of a
                            qualified consumer that facilitates the energy
                            efficiency measures for the property financed
                            through a loan provided to the qualified
                            consumer under subsection (d); or
                                ``(ii) providing technical assistance,
                            outreach, and training.
                        ``(B) Amount.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), the amount of a grant provided to
                            an eligible entity under this paragraph shall
                            be equal to not more than 5 percent of the
                            amount of the loan provided to the eligible
                            entity under this subsection.
                                ``(ii) Persistent poverty counties.--The
                            amount of a grant provided under this paragraph
                            to an eligible entity that will use the grant
                            to make loans under subsection (d) to qualified
                            consumers located in a persistent poverty
                            county (as determined by the Secretary) shall
                            be equal to 10 percent of the amount of the
                            loan provided to the eligible entity under this
                            subsection.'';
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by inserting ``or grant'' before
                            ``funds''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(B)(i) may have a term and amortization schedule
                    the length of which is the useful life of the energy
                    efficiency measures implemented using the loan, if the
                    loan term does not exceed 20 years; and
                        ``(ii) shall finance energy efficiency measures for
                    the purpose of decreasing energy usage or costs of the
                    qualified consumer by an amount that ensures, to the
                    maximum extent practicable, that the applicable loan
                    term described in clause (i) will not pose an undue
                    financial burden on the qualified consumer, as
                    determined by the eligible entity;
                        ``(C) shall not be used to fund purchases of, or
                    modifications to, personal property unless the personal
                    property--
                                ``(i) is a manufactured housing unit or
                            large appliance described in subsection
                            (b)(2)(B); or
                                ``(ii) is or becomes attached to real
                            property as a fixture;''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Clarification of eligibility.--Notwithstanding any
            other provision of law (including regulations), an eligible
            entity may make a loan under this subsection to any qualified
            consumer located within the service territory of the eligible
            entity, regardless of whether the qualified consumer is located
            in a rural area.'';
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting
                    ``Outreach,'' before ``and Technical Assistance'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and
                            technical assistance of the program'' and
                            inserting ``outreach, and technical assistance
                            relating to the program under this section'';
                            and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting
                            ``, outreach,'' before ``and training''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Funding.--Not less than 3 but not more than 5 percent
            of amounts appropriated under subsection (i) may be used to
            provide outreach, training, and technical assistance under this
            subsection.''; and
                (5) in subsection (i), by striking ``2014 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6302. REGIONAL COMMISSION REAUTHORIZATION.

        (a) State Capacity Building Program.--Section 6304(c)(9)(A) of the
    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (40 U.S.C. 15501 note) is amended
    by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.
        (b) Regional Commission.--Section 15751(a) of title 40, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting
    ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6303. PROMOTING PRECISION AGRICULTURE.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Advanced wireless communications technology.--The term
            ``advanced wireless communications technology'' means advanced
            technology that contributes to mobile (5G or beyond) networks,
            next-generation Wi-Fi networks, or other future networks using
            other technologies, regardless of whether the network is
            operating on an exclusive licensed, shared licensed, or
            unlicensed frequency band.
                (2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
            intelligence'' has the meaning given the term in section 238(g)
            of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for
            Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. note prec.
            4061).
                (3) Foreign adversary.--The term ``foreign adversary''
            means any foreign government or foreign nongovernment person
            engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct
            significantly adverse to the national security of the United
            States, or security and safety of United States persons.
                (4) Precision agriculture; precision agriculture
            technology.--The terms ``precision agriculture'' and
            ``precision agriculture technology'' have the meanings given
            the terms in section 1201 of the Food Security Act of 1985.
                (5) Trusted.--The term ``trusted'' means, with respect to a
            provider of advanced communications service or a supplier of
            communications equipment or service, that the Secretary has
            determined that the provider or supplier is not owned by,
            controlled by, or subject to the influence of, a foreign
            adversary.
                (6) Voluntary consensus standards development
            organization.--The term ``voluntary consensus standards
            development organization'' means an organization that develops
            standards in a process that meets the principles for the
            development of voluntary consensus standards (as defined in the
            document of the Office of Management and Budget entitled
            ``Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary
            Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities''
            (OMB Circular A-119)).
        (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
                (1) to enhance the participation of precision agriculture
            in the United States; and
                (2) to promote United States leadership in voluntary
            consensus standards development organizations that set
            standards for precision agriculture.
        (c) Interconnectivity Standards for Precision Agriculture.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the
            Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
            and the Federal Communications Commission, shall--
                        (A) develop voluntary, consensus-based, private
                    sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and
                    best practices for precision agriculture that will
                    promote economies of scale and ease the burden of the
                    adoption of precision agriculture; and
                        (B) in carrying out subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) coordinate with relevant public and
                            trusted private sector stakeholders and other
                            relevant industry organizations, including
                            voluntary consensus standards development
                            organizations; and
                                (ii) consult with sector-specific agencies,
                            other appropriate agencies, and State and local
                            governments.
                (2) Considerations.--The Secretary, in carrying out
            paragraph (1), shall, in consultation with the Federal
            Communications Commission and the Director of the National
            Institute of Standards and Technology, consider--
                        (A) the evolving demands of precision agriculture;
                        (B) the connectivity needs of precision agriculture
                    technology;
                        (C) the cybersecurity challenges facing precision
                    agriculture, including cybersecurity threats for
                    agriculture producers and agriculture supply chains;
                        (D) the impact of advanced wireless communications
                    technology on precision agriculture; and
                        (E) the impact of artificial intelligence on
                    precision agriculture.
        (d) GAO Assessment of Precision Agriculture Standards.--
                (1) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the Secretary
            develops standards under subsection (c), and every 2 years
            thereafter for the following 8 years, the Comptroller General
            of the United States shall conduct a study that assesses those
            standards, including the extent to which those standards, as
            applicable--
                        (A) are voluntary;
                        (B) were developed in coordination with relevant
                    industry organizations, including voluntary consensus
                    standards development organizations; and
                        (C) have successfully encouraged the adoption of
                    precision agriculture.
                (2) Report.--The Comptroller General of the United States
            shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space,
            and Technology of the House of Representatives, the Committee
            on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the
            Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
            a report that summarizes the findings of each study conducted
            under paragraph (1).

    SEC. 6304. FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN GUARANTEED LOANS.

        Section 310B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1932) is amended by inserting after subsection (e) the
    following:
        ``(f) Food Supply Chain Capacity and Resilience Guaranteed Loans.--
                ``(1) Definition of food supply chain guaranteed loan.--In
            this subsection, the term `food supply chain guaranteed loan'
            means a business and industry guaranteed loan that is made or
            guaranteed by the Secretary under subsection (a)(2)(A),
            including a guarantee described in subsection (a)(3).
                ``(2) Purpose.--A food supply chain guaranteed loan may be
            made for the purpose of financing new investments in the start-
            up or expansion of projects in the United States that will
            increase the capacity of the food supply chain in the United
            States to aggregate, process, manufacture, store, transport,
            wholesale, or distribute food, agricultural products, or
            agricultural inputs.
                ``(3) Limitations.--The maximum amount of a food supply
            chain guaranteed loan shall not exceed $40,000,000.
                ``(4) Loan guarantees in nonrural areas.--The Secretary may
            guarantee a food supply chain guaranteed loan to an eligible
            entity for a facility that is not located in a rural area if--
                        ``(A) the primary purpose of the loan guarantee is
                    for a facility to aggregate, process, manufacture,
                    store, transport, wholesale, or distribute food
                    agricultural products, or agricultural inputs for
                    agricultural producers or processors that are located
                    within 80 miles of the facility;
                        ``(B) the applicant demonstrates to the Secretary
                    that the primary benefit of the loan guarantee will be
                    to provide employment for residents of a rural area;
                    and
                        ``(C) the total principal amount of food supply
                    chain guaranteed loans guaranteed for a fiscal year
                    under this paragraph does not exceed 10 percent of the
                    total principal amount of food supply chain guaranteed
                    loans made for the fiscal year under subsection
                    (a)(2)(A).
                ``(5) Reservation of funds.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For each of fiscal years 2025
                    through 2029, the Secretary shall reserve not more than
                    5 percent of the funds made available to carry out
                    subsection (a) to carry out this subsection.
                        ``(B) Availability of funds.--Funds reserved under
                    subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year shall be reserved
                    until April 1 of the fiscal year.''.

    SEC. 6305. NEW, MOBILE, AND EXPANDED MEAT PROCESSING AND RENDERING
                  GRANTS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                        (A) a public, private, or cooperative organization
                    organized on a for-profit or nonprofit basis, including
                    a small establishment and very small establishment;
                        (B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the
                    Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
                    (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                        (C) a land-grant college or university (as defined
                    in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
                    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C.
                    3103));
                        (D) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as
                    defined in that section); and
                        (E) a State department of agriculture or other
                    applicable State office with authority over meat and
                    poultry processing and rendering.
                (2) Small establishment; very small establishment.--The
            terms ``small establishment'' and ``very small establishment''
            have the meanings given the terms ``smaller establishment'' and
            ``very small establishment'', respectively, in the final rule
            entitled ``Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical
            Control Point (HACCP) Systems'' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25,
            1996)) (or successor regulations).
        (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
                (1) to create more resilient local and regional food
            systems;
                (2) to expand, diversify, and increase resilience in meat
            and poultry processing and rendering activities;
                (3) to increase farmer and rancher access to animal
            slaughter options;
                (4) to improve compliance of processors with livestock and
            poultry processing statutes (including regulations), including
            the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the
            Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.);
                (5) to reduce barriers to entry for new meat and poultry
            processors and renderers;
                (6) to establish new, or update, expand, or otherwise
            improve existing, meat and poultry processing and rendering
            facilities; and
                (7) to support the processing and slaughtering of niche
            production methods such as halal, kosher, and other specific
            cultural methods.
        (c) Grants.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall award grants to
            eligible entities to use in accordance with subsection (d).
                (2) Maximum amount.--The maximum amount of a grant awarded
            under paragraph (1) shall not exceed $500,000.
                (3) Duration.--The term of a grant awarded under paragraph
            (1) shall not exceed 3 years.
                (4) Priority.--In awarding grants under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall give priority to small establishments and very
            small establishments.
        (d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant under this
    section shall use the grant to carry out activities in support of the
    purposes described in subsection (b), including activities--
                (1) to identify and analyze business opportunities,
            including feasibility studies required for credit worthiness;
                (2) to achieve compliance with applicable Federal, State,
            or local regulations;
                (3) to conduct regional, community, and local economic
            development planning and coordination and leadership
            development;
                (4) to incentivize new, innovative, or mobile enterprises
            for increasing or improving local and regional meat or poultry
            processing and rendering;
                (5) to implement humane handling infrastructure, including
            holding space for livestock prior to slaughter, shade
            structures, and structures and equipment for humane slaughter;
                (6) to develop a feasibility study or business plan for, or
            carry out any other activity associated with, establishing or
            expanding a small meat or poultry slaughter, processing, or
            rendering facility;
                (7) to purchase equipment that enables the further use or
            value-added sale of coproducts or byproducts; and
                (8) to purchase cold storage and related equipment.
        (e) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the activities carried out
    using a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed--
                (1) 90 percent in the case of a grant in the amount of
            $100,000 or less; or
                (2) 75 percent in the case of a grant in an amount greater
            than $100,000.
        (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $3,000,000 for
    each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

    SEC. 6306. EXPANDING CHILDCARE IN RURAL AMERICA INITIATIVE.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Childcare.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``childcare'' means any
                    program that--
                                (i) provides quality care and early
                            education for children who have not yet entered
                            first grade; and
                                (ii) is operated by--
                                        (I) an eligible childcare provider
                                    described in section 658P(6)(A) of the
                                    Child Care and Development Block Grant
                                    Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n(6)(A)); or
                                        (II) a childcare provider that, on
                                    the date of enactment of this Act--
                                                (aa) is licensed,
                                            regulated, or registered in the
                                            State, territory, or Indian
                                            Tribe in which the provider is
                                            located; and
                                                (bb) meets applicable
                                            State, Tribal, territorial, and
                                            local health and safety
                                            requirements.
                        (B) Inclusions.--The term ``childcare'' includes--
                                (i) a school-based program described in
                            subparagraph (A);
                                (ii) a facility used for a program
                            described in subparagraph (A); and
                                (iii) a service provided under a program
                            described in subparagraph (A).
                (2) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the
            Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative established
            under subsection (b).
                (3) Rural area.--The term ``rural area'' has the meaning
            given the term in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated
            Farm and Rural Development Act.
        (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an initiative, to
    be known as the ``Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative'',
    under which the Secretary shall provide, for each of fiscal years 2025
    through 2027, priority in accordance with subsection (c) to address the
    availability, quality, and cost of childcare in rural areas.
        (c) Childcare Priorities.--
                (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, in selecting recipients of loans and grants under a
            program described in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall give
            priority to any qualified applicant that proposes to use the
            loan or grant to address the availability, quality, or cost of
            childcare.
                (2) Description of programs.--The programs referred to in
            paragraph (1) are the following:
                        (A) The essential community facilities loan and
                    grant programs authorized under section 306(a) of the
                    Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
                    1926(a)).
                        (B) The business and industry direct and guaranteed
                    loan program authorized under section 310B(g) of that
                    Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)).
                        (C) The rural microentrepreneur assistance program
                    authorized under section 379E of that Act (7 U.S.C.
                    2008s).
                        (D) The intermediary relending program authorized
                    under the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1936b).
        (d) Requirements.--In providing funding in accordance with the
    Initiative, the Secretary shall ensure a balanced geographical
    distribution of the benefits under the Initiative.
        (e) Evaluation; Report.--
                (1) Evaluation.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a
            comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the
            projects carried out using assistance provided under the
            Initiative, including--
                        (A) a description of--
                                (i) the types of projects carried out;
                                (ii) the communities in which the projects
                            are carried out;
                                (iii) the organizations and entities
                            participating in the projects; and
                                (iv) the types of partnerships developed to
                            carry out the projects; and
                        (B) the economic and social impacts of the
                    investments in the projects.
                (2) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
            and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives a report describing the evaluation conducted
            under paragraph (1), including a thorough analysis of the
            outcomes of the evaluation.

    SEC. 6307. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY UNDERSERVED AND
                  DISTRESSED AREAS.

        (a) In General.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall directly, or through cooperative
    agreements, provide technical assistance and strengthen local capacity
    to improve access to rural development programs administered by the
    Secretary for local partners (including local governments,
    cooperatives, businesses, and community anchor institutions) in
    geographically underserved and distressed areas.
        (b) Reports.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall annually publish, make available to
    the public, and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate a report on how the provision of technical
    assistance under subsection (a) has affected geographically underserved
    and distressed areas in the year covered by the report.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Geographically underserved and distressed area.--The
            term ``geographically underserved and distressed area'' means a
            rural area (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the
            Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(A)))--
                        (A) in a socially vulnerable community (as
                    determined by the Secretary);
                        (B) in a persistent poverty county (as determined
                    by the Secretary);
                        (C) in an economically distressed area (as
                    determined by the Secretary); or
                        (D) in a colonia.
                (2) Community anchor institution.--The term ``community
            anchor institution'' means--
                        (A) a public library;
                        (B) an elementary or secondary school;
                        (C) an institution of higher education;
                        (D) a health care facility; or
                        (E) any other nonprofit or governmental community
                    support organization.

    SEC. 6308. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION CENTER.

        Subtitle D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1981- 2008w) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 379J. RURAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION CENTER.

        ``(a) Definition of Rural Development Mission Areas.--In this
    section, the term `Rural Development Mission Areas' means the agencies
    under the Rural Development Agency at the Department of Agriculture,
    including the Rural Utilities Service, Rural Business-Cooperative
    Service, and the Rural Housing Service.
        ``(b) Establishment.--There is hereby established within the Rural
    Development Mission Areas a Rural Development Innovation Center (the
    `Innovation Center') to promote and facilitate innovation in the
    administration and implementation of rural development programs and
    initiatives.
        ``(c) Functions.--The Innovation Center shall--
                ``(1) review all processes for Rural Development Mission
            Area programs to identify inefficiencies, redundancies, and
            barriers to access, including--
                        ``(A) unnecessary delays in loan and grant
                    applications processing and approvals;
                        ``(B) high application costs; and
                        ``(C) deficiencies in technical assistance for
                    programs;
                ``(2) establish and maintain an ongoing public process for
            public and private stakeholders to provide perspectives on the
            challenges faced when applying for, utilizing, or participating
            in Rural Development Mission Area programs;
                ``(3) identify and assess any innovative strategies and
            collaborative models to enhance the efficiency and
            effectiveness of rural development programs and initiatives;
                ``(4) foster and maintain partnerships with public and
            private stakeholders to leverage expertise and resources for
            the Rural Development Mission Areas;
                ``(5) promote cross-agency collaborations and identify best
            practices in rural economic development;
                ``(6) identify and implement technological solutions and
            software applications to improve the effectiveness and
            efficiency of Rural Development Mission Area programs,
            including enhancing data management systems;
                ``(7) conduct research, analysis, and evaluation to
            modernize, simplify, and improve Rural Development Mission Area
            programs, and ensure that the programs are accessible,
            transparent, and user-friendly; and
                ``(8) disseminate information, guidance, and training
            materials to Rural Development Mission Area personnel and
            stakeholders on innovative rural development practices and
            opportunities.
        ``(d) Modernization Plan.--The Innovation Center shall develop, and
    periodically update, a modernization plan to facilitate innovation in
    administering and implementing rural development programs and
    initiatives that--
                ``(1) outlines strategies aimed at harnessing the potential
            of emerging technologies for program delivery and overall
            service;
                ``(2) enhances program efficiencies by identifying and
            implementing measures to streamline program and administrative
            processes, reduce redundancies, and optimize resource
            allocation;
                ``(3) expands the availability and accessibility of digital
            services, leveraging digital platforms and tools to broaden the
            reach of the programs and improve the overall user experience
            for rural stakeholders;
                ``(4) integrates data-driven solutions to optimize program
            delivery and maximize impact and effectiveness of the efforts
            in rural development; and
                ``(5) establishes periodic milestones and goals to track
            the progress of the modernization plan.
        ``(e) Report.--The Secretary shall submit an annual report to the
    Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on--
                ``(1) the activities and accomplishments of the Innovation
            Center, including progress in advancing rural development
            innovation and the outcome achieved;
                ``(2) a comprehensive working plan designed to actively
            engage public and private stakeholders, as described in
            subsection (c)(2); and
                ``(3) the progress on the modernization plan described in
            subsection (d).''.

    SEC. 6309. RURAL HEALTH LIAISON REPORT.

        Section 236 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6946) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(10) coordinate with the National Institute of Food and
            Agriculture in implementation of the Farm and Ranch Stress
            Assistance Network provided for in section 7522 of the Food,
            Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 5936).''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Report.--The Rural Health Liaison shall submit an annual
    report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
    outlining the activities conducted under subsection (b).''.

    SEC. 6310. PRECISION AGRICULTURE TASK FORCE AMENDMENTS.

        Section 12511(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (132
    Stat. 4992) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``2025''
                            and inserting ``2026''; and
                                (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) through
                            (vi) as clauses (vi) through (viii),
                            respectively, and inserting after clause (iii)
                            the following:
                                ``(iv) conduct a comprehensive evaluation
                            of international standards and guidelines
                            pertaining to precision agriculture policies
                            and offer recommendations on their suitability
                            and integration within the United States
                            regulatory framework;
                                ``(v) review the competitive and security
                            implications of the use and deployment of
                            precision agricultural technologies by foreign
                            governments or state sponsored entities in
                            third countries;''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``(v) and
                    (vi)'' and inserting ``(vii) and (viii)''; and
                (2) in paragraph (6), by striking ``2025'' and inserting
            ``2026''.

     Subtitle D--Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural
                                Development Act

    SEC. 6401. WATER, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND WASTEWATER FACILITY GRANTS.

        Section 306(a)(2)(B)(vii) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B)(vii)) is amended by striking
    ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6402. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER CIRCUIT RIDER PROGRAM.

        Section 306(a)(22) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(22) Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.--
                        ``(A) Establishment.--The Secretary, through the
                    Rural Utilities Service, shall continue a national
                    rural water and wastewater circuit rider program that
                    is consistent with the activities and results of the
                    program conducted before the date of enactment of this
                    Act, and with this section, as determined by the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(B) Purpose.--The Rural Water and Wastewater
                    Circuit Rider Program shall provide a network of expert
                    rural water Circuit Riders located in all 50 States,
                    including United States territories and Freely
                    Associated States, which work one-on-one with eligible
                    rural water and wastewater systems in major assistance
                    categories described in subparagraph (D). The program
                    is intended to help rural water systems operate
                    effectively and efficiently and achieve long-term
                    sustainability and compliance with certain Federal laws
                    and requirements, including the Safe Water Drinking Act
                    (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.) and the Clean Water Act (33
                    U.S.C. 1251 et seq.).
                        ``(C) Eligible entities.--In selecting recipients
                    of grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements to be
                    made available for activities listed under subparagraph
                    (D), the Secretary shall select nonprofit organizations
                    that have demonstrated experience providing technical
                    assistance and disaster and recovery assistance for
                    water and wastewater utilities nationwide. Awardees
                    shall rely on personnel that possess active water and
                    wastewater operators' licenses or overall knowledge of
                    water utilities necessary to carry out eligible
                    activities under subparagraph (D).
                        ``(D) Eligible uses of funds.--An eligible entity
                    shall use funds under the Rural Water and Wastewater
                    Circuit Rider program for a rural water, wastewater, or
                    wastewater disposal facility for--
                                ``(i) technical assistance, including--
                                        ``(I) Board training;
                                        ``(II) managerial and financial
                                    operations with the effort to enhance
                                    the long-term sustainability of rural
                                    water and wastewater systems, including
                                    partnerships, consolidation, and
                                    regionalization;
                                        ``(III) physical operation and
                                    maintenance of rural water and
                                    wastewater infrastructure;
                                        ``(IV) water treatment;
                                        ``(V) regulatory compliance;
                                        ``(VI) facility security;
                                        ``(VII) loan application and
                                    reporting;
                                        ``(VIII) cybersecurity; or
                                        ``(IX) other areas the Secretary
                                    deems appropriate;
                                ``(ii) disaster and recovery assistance
                            including--
                                        ``(I) direct on-site personnel and
                                    equipment to eligible utilities;
                                        ``(II) coordinating in statewide
                                    emergency response networks;
                                        ``(III) facilitating the
                                    development of action plans between
                                    utilities, local governments, the
                                    Federal Emergency Management Agency and
                                    the State emergency management
                                    agencies;
                                        ``(IV) resiliency and mitigation
                                    planning;
                                        ``(V) GIS mapping;
                                        ``(VI) updating vulnerability
                                    assessments, preparation of emergency
                                    response plans, communication
                                    protocols, hazard recognition and
                                    evaluation skills;
                                        ``(VII) conducting preliminary
                                    damage assessments of critical
                                    infrastructure;
                                        ``(VIII) addressing outstanding
                                    deficiencies focused on resolving
                                    health-based regulatory, operational,
                                    financial, and managerial deficiencies
                                    that impact the sustainability of the
                                    affected utilities;
                                        ``(IX) application and reporting
                                    assistance for Federal and State
                                    requirements including Federal
                                    Emergency Management Agency and
                                    insurance recovery claims;
                                        ``(X) providing for disaster
                                    readiness, support, and response
                                    activities targeted to disadvantaged
                                    communities that lack the financial
                                    resources and human capital necessary
                                    to adequately address significant
                                    health, safety, or sanitary concerns;
                                    and
                                        ``(XI) other areas the Secretary
                                    deems appropriate.
                                ``(iii) Additional uses.--In response to
                            activities under subparagraph (B) related to
                            natural disasters and emergencies, not more
                            than 5 percent of each award may be used to
                            purchase or reimburse the rental costs of
                            appropriate emergency equipment, as determined
                            by the Secretary.
                        ``(E) Eligible project areas.--To receive
                    assistance under the Rural Water and Wastewater Circuit
                    Rider Program and carry out activities, an eligible
                    entity must serve--
                                ``(i) an area with a population of--
                                        ``(I) 10,000 or fewer inhabitants
                                    for technical assistance under
                                    subparagraph (D)(i); or
                                        ``(II) 50,000 or fewer inhabitants
                                    for disaster and recovery assistance
                                    under subparagraph (D)(ii); and
                                ``(ii) a public body, non-profit
                            corporation, or Indian tribe with legal
                            authority to own and operate the water
                            facility.
                        ``(F) Authorization of appropriations.--There is
                    authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
                    paragraph $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 through
                    fiscal year 2029.''.

    SEC. 6403. ZERO AND LOW INTEREST LOANS FOR DISTRESSED WATER SYSTEMS.

        Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (22) the
    following:
                ``(23) Assistance for distressed water systems.--
                        ``(A) To promote the long-term sustainability and
                    financial viability of eligible rural community waste
                    disposal and water facilities as described in
                    subparagraph (B), for any entity described in
                    subparagraph (C), the Secretary may--
                                ``(i) make a zero percent interest loan or
                            a 1 percent interest loan pursuant to paragraph
                            (1);
                                ``(ii) forgive the principal or interest,
                            or modify any term or condition of a new or
                            existing loan made pursuant to paragraph (1);
                                ``(iii) refinance all or part of any other
                            loan made for an eligible purpose under
                            paragraph (1) of this subsection or section
                            306C; or
                                ``(iv) waive any fee required to insure or
                            guarantee a loan pursuant to paragraph (1) or
                            (24).
                        ``(B) To promote the long-term sustainability and
                    financial viability of eligible entities, the Secretary
                    shall--
                                ``(i) provide assistance to an eligible
                            entity for the purpose of--
                                        ``(I) ensuring the entity has
                                    necessary resources to maintain public
                                    health, safety, or order;
                                        ``(II) addressing financial
                                    hardships of the eligible entity, its
                                    customers, and the community it serves;
                                    and
                                        ``(III) identifying the financial
                                    stability of the eligible entity,
                                    including--
                                                ``(aa) operational
                                            practices;
                                                ``(bb) revenue
                                            enhancements;
                                                ``(cc) policy revisions;
                                                ``(dd) partnerships,
                                            regionalization, or
                                            consolidation of water systems;
                                            and
                                                ``(ee) contract services;
                                ``(ii) require an applicant to--
                                        ``(I) receive financial planning
                                    assistance; and
                                        ``(II) prepare a long-term
                                    financial plan.
                        ``(C) An entity shall be eligible for assistance
                    under this paragraph if the entity--
                                ``(i) is a rural water, wastewater, or
                            wastewater disposal system with respect to
                            which assistance may be provided under a water
                            or wastewater, or waste disposal program under
                            this subsection or section 306A, 306C, or 306D,
                            and
                                ``(ii) is--
                                        ``(I) located in a socially
                                    disadvantaged community, a persistent
                                    poverty county, colonia, or distressed
                                    tribal area, as determined by the
                                    Secretary; or
                                        ``(II) facing an economic hardship
                                    as defined by the Secretary.''.

    SEC. 6404. TRIBAL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY
                  FACILITIES.

        Section 306(a)(25)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C)) is amended by striking ``2008
    through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6405. EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 306A(i)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and
    Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926a(i)(2)) is amended by striking
    ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6406. WATER SYSTEMS FOR RURAL AND NATIVE VILLAGES IN ALASKA.

        Section 306D(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1926d(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6407. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

        Section 306E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1926e) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 306E. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible individual.--The term `eligible individual'
            means an individual who is a member of a household the members
            of which have a combined income (for the most recent 12-month
            period for which the information is available) that is not more
            than 80 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household income
            for the State or territory in which the individual resides,
            according to the most recent decennial census of the United
            States.
                ``(2) Eligible grant recipient.--The term `eligible grant
            recipient' means a private nonprofit organization that uses a
            grant provided under this section for the purposes described in
            subsection (b)(1).
                ``(3) Qualified water quality testing.--The term `qualified
            water quality testing' means a baseline analysis of the
            bacterial and chemical characteristics of concern from a
            drinking water sample collected at the point of consumption and
            tested by a laboratory certified to conduct water quality
            testing that is provided to--
                        ``(A) the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) the eligible grant recipient receiving a
                    grant under this section and any eligible individual
                    served by the eligible grant recipient.
        ``(b) Grants.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants to an
            eligible grant recipient for the purpose of--
                        ``(A) providing loans and subgrants to eligible
                    individuals for--
                                ``(i) the construction, refurbishing, and
                            servicing of individual household water well
                            systems and individually owned household
                            decentralized wastewater systems in rural areas
                            that are or will be owned by the eligible
                            individuals; or
                                ``(ii) in the event of ground well water
                            contamination, the installation or replacement
                            of water treatment, where needed as determined
                            by a qualified water quality test or other
                            third party documentation to the satisfaction
                            of the Secretary;
                        ``(B) performing qualified water quality testing of
                    individual household water well systems and
                    individually utilized household decentralized
                    wastewater systems in rural areas that are or will be
                    utilized by the eligible individuals; or
                        ``(C) providing technical assistance to eligible
                    individuals for--
                                ``(i) the installation or replacement of
                            individual household water well systems and
                            individually owned household decentralized
                            wastewater systems in rural areas that are or
                            will be owned by the eligible individuals;
                                ``(ii) interpreting qualified water quality
                            tests; or
                                ``(iii) addressing ground well water
                            contamination.
                ``(2) Terms and amounts for loans and subgrants.--
                        ``(A) Terms of loans.--A loan made with grant funds
                    under this section--
                                ``(i) shall have an interest rate of 1
                            percent; and
                                ``(ii) shall have a term not to exceed 20
                            years.
                        ``(B) Amounts.--A loan or subgrant made with grant
                    funds under this section shall not exceed $20,000 for
                    each water well system or decentralized wastewater
                    system described in paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Administrative expenses.--A recipient of a grant made
            under this section may use grant funds to pay administrative
            expenses associated with providing the assistance described in
            paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary.
                ``(4) Water treatment standards.--Water treatment provided
            under this section shall--
                        ``(A) incorporate components that are third-party
                    certified as compliant with relevant consensus-based
                    standards for drinking water treatment units or
                    systems, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) be installed, according to the instructions
                    of the manufacturer, by a qualified, certified, or
                    licensed water treatment professional, including a
                    professional credentialed through a manufacturer or
                    third-party.
        ``(c) Priority in Awarding Grants.--In awarding grants under this
    section, the Secretary shall give priority to an applicant that has
    substantial expertise and experience in promoting the safe and
    effective use of individually owned household water well systems,
    individually owned household decentralized wastewater systems, and
    ground water.
        ``(d) Limitation.--An eligible grant recipient cannot use more than
    10 percent of a grant awarded under this section for the activities
    described under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (b)(1).
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.''.

    SEC. 6408. ASSISTANCE TO RURAL ENTITIES.

        Section 310B(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Precision agriculture; precision agriculture
                    technology.--The terms `precision agriculture' and
                    `precision agriculture technology' have the meanings
                    given those terms in section 1201 of the Food Security
                    Act of 1985.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph
                    (C);
                        (B) by striking the period at the end of
                    subparagraph (D) and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) expanding the adoption of precision
                    agriculture practices, including by financing the
                    acquisition of precision agriculture technology, in
                    order to promote best practices, reduce costs, and
                    improve the environment.''.

    SEC. 6409. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT GRANTS.

        Section 310B(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``governments and related
            agencies'' and inserting ``governments, related agencies, and
            Indian tribes''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
            inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6410. RURAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

        Section 310B(c)(4)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``2014
    through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6411. RURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

        Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Cooperative development.--The term
                    `cooperative development' means activities including
                    education, training, and technical assistance, to
                    support the start-up, expansion, or ongoing
                    sustainability of new and existing cooperatives.'';
                (2) in paragraph (5)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``underserved
                    and economically distressed areas in rural areas of the
                    United States'' and inserting ``socially vulnerable,
                    underserved, or distressed communities''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (F)--
                                (i) by inserting ``at least'' before ``a 25
                            percent''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``, and all applications
                            that satisfy this subparagraph shall be given
                            the same priority for the scoring criterion
                            based on satisfying this subparagraph'' before
                            the period;
                (3) in paragraph (6), by striking subparagraph (B) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Award renewals for qualified non-profit
                    institutions.--The Secretary shall award a grant under
                    this subsection to a non-profit institution on the same
                    terms and for the establishment or operation of the
                    same center or centers for cooperative development for
                    which the non-profit institution was awarded a grant in
                    the current fiscal year, if the non-profit
                    institution--
                                ``(i) is a recipient of an award under this
                            subsection;
                                ``(ii) requests a renewal under this
                            subparagraph;
                                ``(iii) has submitted a complete
                            application under this subsection in the
                            preceding 2 fiscal years; and
                                ``(iv) has operated the center or centers
                            for cooperative development in a manner which
                            successfully meets the parameters described in
                            paragraph (5), as determined by the
                            Secretary.'';
                (4) in paragraph (10), by adding at the end the following:
            ``The Secretary shall analyze the data resulting from the
            research, and include the data and the analysis in the annual
            report submitted by the interagency working group under
            paragraph (12).'';
                (5) in paragraph (12), by adding at the end the following:
            ``Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of
            this sentence and annually thereafter, the interagency working
            group shall submit to the Congress a report describing the
            activities carried out by the working group.''; and
                (6) in paragraph (13), by striking ``2014 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6412. LENDER FEES IN GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Section 333 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1983) is
    amended--
                (1) by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' before ``In
            connection'';
                (2) in paragraph (5), by adding ``and'' at the end;
                (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking ``; and'' and
            inserting a period;
                (4) by striking paragraph (7); and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Fees.--
                ``(1) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may assess an
            initial guarantee fee for any insured or guaranteed loan issued
            or modified under section 306(a) in an amount that does not
            exceed 3 percent of the guaranteed principal portion of the
            loan.
                ``(2) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may assess a
            periodic retention fee for any insured or guaranteed loan or
            modified under section 306(a) in an amount that does not exceed
            0.75 percent of the outstanding principal of the guaranteed
            loan.
                ``(3) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for any
            insured or guaranteed loan issued or modified under section
            306(a), the Secretary, not less than 30 days in advance of any
            fee change, shall provide a public disclosure, of the financial
            data, economic and behavioral assumptions, calculations, and
            other factors used to determine the new fee rates.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 310B(g)(5) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1932(g)(5)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(5) Fees.--
                        ``(A) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess an initial guarantee fee for any guaranteed
                    business and industry loan in an amount that does not
                    exceed 3 percent of the guaranteed principal portion of
                    the loan.
                        ``(B) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess a periodic retention fee for any guaranteed
                    business and industry loan in an amount that does not
                    exceed 0.75 percent of the outstanding principal of the
                    guaranteed loan.
                        ``(C) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for
                    any guaranteed business and industry loan, the
                    Secretary, not less than 30 days in advance of any fee
                    change, shall provide a public disclosure, of the
                    financial data, economic and behavioral assumptions,
                    calculations, and other factors used to determine the
                    new fee rates.''.

    SEC. 6413. LOCALLY OR REGIONALLY PRODUCED AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS.

        Section 310B(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I)) is amended by striking
    ``2008 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6414. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR RURAL AREAS PROGRAM.

        Section 310B(i)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(4)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6415. RURAL ECONOMIC AREA PARTNERSHIP ZONES.

        Section 310B(j) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(j)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 6416. INTERMEDIARY RELENDING PROGRAM.

        Section 310H(i) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1936b(i)) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6417. RURAL HEALTH CARE FACILITY ASSISTANCE.

        (a) In General.--Section 342 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1990a) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Assistance'' and inserting the following:
        ``(a) Refinancing of Certain Rural Health Care Facility Debt.--
                ``(1) In general.--Assistance'';
                (2) by striking ``rural hospital'' and inserting ``an
            eligible health care facility'';
                (3) by striking ``a community'' and inserting ``an area'';
                (4) by striking ``hospital,'' and inserting ``eligible
            health care facility,''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Requirements.--To promote the long-term
            sustainability and financial viability of an eligible health
            care facility, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) provide assistance to an eligible health care
                    facility for the purpose of--
                                ``(i) ensuring the facility has necessary
                            resources to maintain public health, safety, or
                            order;
                                ``(ii) addressing financial hardships of
                            the facility, its patients, and the area it
                            serves; and
                                ``(iii) identifying the financial stability
                            of the facility, including--
                                        ``(I) operational practices;
                                        ``(II) revenue enhancements;
                                        ``(III) policy revisions;
                                        ``(IV) partnerships,
                                    regionalization, or consolidation of
                                    rural health systems; and
                                        ``(V) contract services; and
                        ``(B) require an applicant to--
                                ``(i) receive financial planning
                            assistance; and
                                ``(ii) prepare a long-term financial plan.
                ``(3) Waiver.--In the case of an application for
            refinancing pursuant to this section, the Secretary may waive
            the requirement of section 302(a)(1)(D) if the eligible health
            care facility is insolvent.
        ``(b) Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--In lieu of any other authority under
            which the Secretary may provide technical assistance to any
            eligible health care facility, the Secretary shall establish,
            and maintain, directly or by grant, contract, or cooperative
            agreement, a Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance
            Program (in this section referred to as the `Program') to
            provide technical assistance and training, tailored to the
            capacity and needs of each eligible health care facility, to
            help eligible health care facilities in rural areas--
                        ``(A) identify development needs for maintaining
                    essential health care services, and support action
                    plans for operational and quality improvement projects
                    to meet the development needs;
                        ``(B) better manage their financial and business
                    strategies, including providing financial planning
                    assistance and preparing long-term financial plans; and
                        ``(C) identify, and apply for assistance from, loan
                    and grant programs of the Department of Agriculture for
                    which the facilities are eligible.
                ``(2) Goals.--The goals of the Program shall be to--
                        ``(A) improve the long-term financial position and
                    operational efficiency of the eligible health care
                    facilities;
                        ``(B) prevent the closure of eligible health care
                    facilities;
                        ``(C) strengthen the delivery of health care in
                    rural areas;
                        ``(D) help eligible health care facilities better
                    access and compete for loans and grants from programs
                    administered by the Department of Agriculture; and
                        ``(E) continue the activities of the Rural Hospital
                    Technical Assistance Program in effect as of the date
                    of the enactment of this subsection.
                ``(3) Program participation.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall engage in
                    outreach and engagement strategies to encourage
                    eligible health care facilities to participate in the
                    Program.
                        ``(B) Eligible health care facility selection.--In
                    selecting eligible health care facilities to
                    participate in the Program, the Secretary shall give
                    priority to borrowers and grantees of the Rural Housing
                    Service, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and Rural
                    Utilities Service. The Secretary may also consider--
                                ``(i) the age and physical state of the
                            health care facility involved;
                                ``(ii) the financial vulnerability of the
                            eligible health care facility, and the ability
                            of the eligible health care facility to meet
                            debt obligations;
                                ``(iii) the electronic health record
                            implementation needs of the health care
                            facility;
                                ``(iv) whether the eligible health care
                            facility is located in a health professional
                            shortage area or a medically underserved area;
                                ``(v) whether the eligible health care
                            facility serves a medically underserved
                            population; and
                                ``(vi) such other criteria and priorities
                            as are determined by the Secretary of
                            Agriculture.
                        ``(C) Reporting requirements.--Not later than 1
                    year after the date of the enactment of this section,
                    and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to
                    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a written report
                    describing the progress and results of the program
                    conducted under this section, which should include--
                                ``(i) a brief description of each project
                            to provide technical assistance to an eligible
                            health care facility under this section,
                            including--
                                        ``(I) the name and location of the
                                    facility;
                                        ``(II) a description of the
                                    assistance provided;
                                        ``(III) a description of the
                                    outcomes for completed projects;
                                        ``(IV) the cost of the technical
                                    assistance; and
                                        ``(V) any other information the
                                    Secretary deems appropriate;
                                ``(ii) a summary of the technical
                            assistance projects completed;
                                ``(iii) a summary of the outcomes of the
                            technical assistance projects;
                                ``(iv) an assessment of the effectiveness
                            of the Program; and
                                ``(v) recommendations for improving the
                            Program.
                        ``(D) Limitations on authorization of
                    appropriations.--To carry out this section, there are
                    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary not more
                    than $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through
                    2029.
        ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the meaning
            given the term in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated
            Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).
                ``(2) Development needs.--The term `development needs'
            includes--
                        ``(A) constructing, expanding, renovating or
                    otherwise modernizing health care facilities;
                        ``(B) increasing telehealth capabilities;
                        ``(C) acquiring or upgrading health care
                    information systems such as electronic health records;
                        ``(D) providing financial planning assistance and
                    preparing long-term financial plan; and
                        ``(E) such other needs as the Secretary deems
                    critical to maintaining health care services in the
                    community in which an eligible health care facility is
                    located.
                ``(3) Eligible health care facility.--The term `eligible
            health care facility' means a facility that is located in a
            rural area and is--
                        ``(A) a hospital (as defined in section 1861(e) of
                    the Social Security Act;
                        ``(B) a psychiatric hospital (as defined in section
                    1861(f) of such Act);
                        ``(C) a long-term care hospital (as defined in
                    section 1861(ccc) of such Act);
                        ``(D) a critical access hospital (as defined in
                    section 1861(mm)(1) of such Act);
                        ``(E) a rural health clinic (as defined in section
                    1861(aa)(2) of such Act);
                        ``(F) a religious nonmedical health care
                    institution (as defined in section 1861(ss)(1) of such
                    Act);
                        ``(G) a sole community hospital (as defined in
                    section 1886(d)(5)(C)(iii) of such Act);
                        ``(H) a rural emergency hospital (as defined in
                    section 1861(kkk)(2) of such Act);
                        ``(I) a home health agency (as defined in section
                    1861(o) of such Act); or
                        ``(J) a community health center (as defined in
                    section 330 of the Public Health Service Act).
                ``(4) Health professional shortage area.--The term `health
            professional shortage area' has the meaning given the term in
            section 332(a)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act.
                ``(5) Medically underserved area.--The term `medically
            underserved area' has the meaning given the term in section
            330I(a)(5) of the Public Health Service Act.
                ``(6) Medically underserved population.--The term
            `medically underserved population' has the meaning given the
            term in section 330(b)(3) of the Public Health Service Act.''.
        (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect on the completion of a rulemaking carrying out such
    amendments.

    SEC. 6418. ELIMINATION OF PROHIBITION ON USE OF LOANS FOR CERTAIN
                  PURPOSES.

        Section 363 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2006e) is hereby repealed.

    SEC. 6419. RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE PROGRAMS TECHNICAL
                  ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING.

        Section 368(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 2008c(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6420. NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP.

        Section 378 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2008m) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``2008 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
                (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 6421. GRANTS FOR NOAA WEATHER RADIO TRANSMITTERS.

        Section 379B(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2008p(d)) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6422. RURAL MICROENTREPRENEUR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 379E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2008s) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``$50,000'' and
            inserting ``$75,000'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``shall not exceed
            75 percent'' and inserting ``may be up to 100 percent, and a
            loan under this section for a project may be used to cover not
            more than 50 percent of any renovation, construction, or
            related costs of real estate improvements under the project'';
            and
                (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6423. HEALTH CARE SERVICES.

        Section 379G(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2008u(e)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6424. STRATEGIC ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 379H(d)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)(4)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6425. RURAL INNOVATION STRONGER ECONOMY GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 379I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2008w) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) by striking subclause (I) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                        ``(I) an institution of higher
                                    education (as defined in section 101,
                                    and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
                                    section 102(a)(1), of the Higher
                                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001,
                                    1002(a)(1)));'';
                                        (II) by redesignating subclauses
                                    (II) and (III) as subclauses (III) and
                                    (IV), respectively, and inserting after
                                    subclause (I) the following:
                                        ``(II) an area career and technical
                                    education school (as defined in section
                                    3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and
                                    Technical Education Act of 2006 (20
                                    U.S.C. 2302);''; and
                                        (III) in subclause (IV) (as so
                                    redesignated by subclause (II) of this
                                    clause), by striking ``and'';
                                (ii) in clause (iv)--
                                        (I) by striking subclause (IV) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                        ``(IV) an institution of higher
                                    education (as defined in section 101,
                                    and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
                                    section 102(a)(1), of the Higher
                                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001,
                                    1002(a)(1)));''; and
                                        (II) by redesignating subclause (V)
                                    as subclause (VI) and inserting after
                                    subclause (IV) the following:
                                        ``(V) an area career and technical
                                    education school (as defined in section
                                    3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and
                                    Technical Education Act of 2006 (20
                                    U.S.C. 2302); or''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) in the case of a career pathway
                            program, includes 1 or more members of the
                            local workforce development board established
                            under section 107 of the Workforce Innovation
                            and Opportunity Act and serving the region to
                            ensure the program is integrated with the
                            activities carried out by the local workforce
                            development board; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Career pathway.--The term `career pathway' has the
            meaning given the term in section 3(7) of the Workforce
            Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102(7)).
                ``(7) Industry or sector partnership.--The term `industry
            or sector partnership' has the meaning given the term in
            section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29
            U.S.C. 3102).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by inserting ``or carry out career pathway
                            training programs or industry or sector
                            partnerships aligned with industry sectors in
                            rural communities'' before ``, including'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``and'' after the semicolon;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
                            period and inserting a semicolon; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) address workforce challenges, including
                    worker displacement, faced by specific industry sectors
                    in rural communities; and
                        ``(D) promote targeted skills development and
                    training initiatives to stimulate innovation and
                    enhance economic development in rural regions.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in clause (i), by inserting ``,
                                    career pathway programs, or industry or
                                    sector partnerships'' before the
                                    semicolon; and
                                        (II) in clause (ii)--
                                                (aa) by inserting ``,
                                            career pathway programs, or
                                            industry or sector
                                            partnerships'' before ``to
                                            provide''; and
                                                (bb) by inserting
                                            ``leadership development,''
                                            before ``customized training'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the
                            period and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) the ability of the eligible entity to carry
                    out activities to address the issues of worker
                    displacement, an aging workforce, and youth
                    migration.''; and
                        (C) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(5) Geographic distribution.--The Secretary shall ensure
            regional diversity of recipients of grants or participants in
            providing grants under paragraph (1) for jobs accelerators,
            career pathway programs, and related programming.'';
                (3) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)(xi), by striking the period
                    and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) to support career pathway programs or
                    industry or sector partnerships to be carried out
                    within industries in rural communities, including--
                                ``(i) telecommunications or broadband
                            services;
                                ``(ii) water, waste water, or disposal
                            services;
                                ``(iii) electric supply services;
                                ``(iv) forestry and logging operations;
                                ``(v) conservation practices and
                            management;
                                ``(vi) health care and child care;
                                ``(vii) manufacturing;
                                ``(viii) agribusiness related to
                            production, processing, and distribution;
                                ``(ix) veterinarian services; and
                                ``(x) any other sectors identified by the
                            local workforce development board serving the
                            region to be an in-demand industry sector or
                            occupation, as defined in section 3 of the
                            Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act.'';
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (xvii), by striking ``or'';
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (xviii) as
                            clause (xix) and inserting after clause (xvii)
                            the following:
                                ``(xviii) the number of individuals who
                            have completed skills development, recognized
                            postsecondary credentials, or gained
                            specialized education through career pathways
                            programs or industry or sector partnerships;
                            or''; and
                                (iii) in clause (xix) (as so redesignated
                            by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph), by
                            striking the period and inserting ``; and'';
                            and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) in the case of a career pathway program or industry
            or sector partnership, report to the Secretary the employment
            and earnings outcomes for individuals who participate in the
            program on the indicators described in subclauses (I) through
            (III) of section 116(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Workforce Innovation
            and Opportunity Act.''; and
                (5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6426. DELTA REGIONAL AUTHORITY.

        (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 382M(a) of the
    Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2009aa-12(a)) is
    amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through
    2029''.
        (b) Termination of Authority.--Section 382N of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    2009aa-13) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
        (c) Clarification of Delta Regional Authority Areas.--Section
    4(2)(D) of the Delta Development Act (42 U.S.C. 3121 note; Public Law
    100-460) is amended by inserting ``Sabine, Vernon,'' after
    ``Webster,''.

    SEC. 6427. LIMITATION ON RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES CONTROLLED
                  BY FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 384J(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2009cc-9(c)) is amended by striking ``50'' and inserting
    ``75''.

    SEC. 6428. RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

        Section 384S of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2009cc-18) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6429. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        Each of the following provisions of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act are amended by striking ``urbanized'' and inserting
    ``urban'':
                (1) Section 343(a)(13)(A)(ii) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(A)(ii)).
                (2) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(I) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)), in the matter preceding item (aa).
                (3) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)(bb) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)(bb)).
                (4) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(II) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(II)).
                (5) Section 343(a)(13)(E) (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(E)).
                (6) Section 343(a)(13)(F)(i)(II) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(F)(i)(II)).
                (7) Section 384I(c)(4)(C) (7 U.S.C. 2009cc-8(c)(4)(C)).

    SEC. 6430. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING
                  PROGRAMS.

        Section 306(a)(14) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 926(a)(14)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) by striking ``technical assistance and training
                    to--'' and inserting ``for--'';
                        (B) in clause (v), by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by redesignating clauses (i) through (v) as
                    subclauses (I) through (V), respectively, and moving
                    each such provision 2 ems to the right; and
                        (D) by inserting before the matter so redesignated
                    the following:
                                ``(i) technical assistance and training
                            to--''; and
                        (E) by adding after and below the end the
                    following:
                                ``(ii) disaster and recovery assistance.'';
                            and
                (2) in subparagraph (B),by inserting ``or disaster and
            recovery assistance'' before ``described''.

     Subtitle E--Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of
                                      1936

    SEC. 6501. GUARANTEES FOR BONDS AND NOTES ISSUED FOR UTILITY
                  INFRASTRUCTURE PURPOSES.

        Section 313A(f) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    940c-1(f)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 6502. EXTENSION OF THE RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LOAN AND GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 313B of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    940c-2) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) Repayments.--
                ``(1) In general.--In the case of zero interest loans, the
            Secretary shall establish such reasonable repayment terms as
            will encourage borrower participation.
                ``(2) Letters of credit.--The Secretary shall not require a
            letter of credit or other similar guarantee from a recipient of
            a zero-interest loan under this section if the borrower assigns
            the Secretary a security interest in any collateral provided to
            secure a loan made with funds loaned under this section, or
            makes other similar arrangements to the satisfaction of the
            Secretary.''; and
                (2) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 6503. EXPANSION OF 911 ACCESS.

        Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    940e(d)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and inserting
    ``2025 through 2029''.

              TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

      Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching
                               Policy Act of 1977

    SEC. 7101. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, EDUCATION, AND
                  ECONOMICS ADVISORY BOARD.

        Section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``15'' and
                    inserting ``16'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(E) 1 member representing the industry, consumer,
                    or rural interests of insular areas.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (5), by striking ``7'' and
                    inserting ``3''; and
                (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 7102. SPECIALTY CROP COMMITTEE.

        Section 1408A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later
                    than'' and all that follows through ``initial members
                    of'' and inserting ``The Secretary shall continue to
                    implement, and appoint the members of''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C), by adding a period
                            at the end; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking
                            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``executive
            committee'' and inserting ``Secretary''.

    SEC. 7103. VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT.

        Section 1415A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151a) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
        ``(b) Determination of Veterinarian Shortage Situations.--In
    determining `veterinarian shortage situations', the Secretary--
                ``(1) may consider--
                        ``(A) geographical areas that the Secretary
                    determines have a shortage of veterinarians;
                        ``(B) areas of veterinary practice that the
                    Secretary determines have a shortage of veterinarians,
                    such as food animal medicine, public health,
                    epidemiology, and food safety; and
                        ``(C) areas described in subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                    identified by appropriate State agencies; and
                ``(2) shall--
                        ``(A) develop quantitative mechanisms for
                    predicting the emergence of new veterinarian shortage
                    situations in the short-term and long-term; and
                        ``(B) make available to State agencies described in
                    paragraph (1)(C) the quantitative mechanisms developed
                    under subparagraph (A).''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) Eligibility.--The Secretary shall not make a
            veterinarian ineligible for the program under this section
            based on a veterinarian's participation in a comparable
            Federal, State, or local program.
                ``(10) Application process.--Not later than 1 year after
            the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish streamlined
            application procedures and guidelines for entering into
            agreements with veterinarians under this section.''.

    SEC. 7104. VETERINARY SERVICES GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 1415B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking ``, as
                    defined in'' and all that follows through ``1991(a))'';
                    and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Rural area.--The term ``rural area'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and
            Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as
                    subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                    following:
                        ``(B) expand, retain, or attract additional
                    veterinary practices in rural areas;'';
                (3) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Application process.--Not later than 1 year after the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2024 the Secretary shall establish a streamlined application
            process.''; and
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``To
                    Relieve Veterinarian Shortage Situations and Support
                    Veterinary Services''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``situations and support'' and
                            inserting ``situations, to expand, retain, or
                            attract additional veterinary practices in
                            rural areas, and to support''; and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) To cover expenses associated with starting a
                    new veterinary practice or attracting new veterinarians
                    to existing practices, including--
                                ``(i) relocation expenses;
                                ``(ii) the purchase of necessary startup
                            equipment; and
                                ``(iii) housing or living stipends for
                            veterinary students, veterinary interns,
                            externs, fellows, and residents, and veterinary
                            technician students.''.

    SEC. 7105. GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SCIENCES
                  EDUCATION.

        Section 1417(m)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(m)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7106. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD POLICY RESEARCH CENTERS.

        Section 1419A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3155(e)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7107. EDUCATION GRANTS TO ALASKA NATIVE SERVING INSTITUTIONS AND
                  NATIVE HAWAIIAN SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1419B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3156) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the
                    following: ``The term of such grants may be for a
                    period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5
                    years.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the
                    following: ``The term of such grants may be for a
                    period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5
                    years.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7108. NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAM.

        Section 1425(g) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175(g)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7109. CONTINUING ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

        Section 1433 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3195) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Carryover.--The balance of any annual funds provided
            to an eligible institution for a fiscal year under this
            subsection that remains unexpended at the end of that fiscal
            year may be carried over for use during the following fiscal
            year.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7110. EXTENSION AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT 1890 LAND-GRANT
                  COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

        (a) Extension.--Section 1444(a)(2) of the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C.
    3221(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``20 percent'' and inserting ``40
    percent''.
        (b) Research.--Section 1445 of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``30 percent'' and
            inserting ``40 percent'';
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``the research
            director'' each place it appears and inserting ``the
            agricultural research director''; and
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking ``a research director'' and
                    inserting ``an agricultural research director''; and
                        (B) by striking ``or other officer''.

    SEC. 7111. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS AT 1890 INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1446(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222a(b)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
            Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry
            out this section--
                        ``(A) $40,000,000, not later than October 1, 2019,
                    to remain available until expended;
                        ``(B) $10,000,000, not later than November 17,
                    2023, to remain available until expended; and
                        ``(C) $100,000,000, not later than October 1, 2024,
                    to remain available until expended.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 7112. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES
                  AT 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE
                  UNIVERSITY.

        Section 1447(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b(b)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7113. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES
                  AND EQUIPMENT AND SUPPORT TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL
                  AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT INSULAR AREA LAND-GRANT COLLEGES
                  AND UNIVERSITIES.

        Section 1447B(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-2(d)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7114. MATCHING FUNDS REQUIREMENT FOR RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
                  ACTIVITIES AT ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1449 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222d) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than September 30,
                    1999'' and inserting ``Beginning on September 30, 2025,
                    and not later than September 30 of each fiscal year
                    thereafter''; and
                        (B) by striking ``fiscal year 1999'' and inserting
                    ``the fiscal year ending on that September 30''; and
                (2) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
        ``(c) State Matching Funds Requirement.--Notwithstanding any other
    provision of this subtitle, for each fiscal year, a State shall provide
    to each eligible institution located in the State matching funds from
    non-Federal sources in an amount equal to the amounts provided to the
    eligible institution under sections 1444 and 1445 for the purposes
    described in subsection (b)(1).''.

    SEC. 7115. NEW BEGINNING FOR TRIBAL STUDENTS.

        Section 1450 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222e) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (5); and
                (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 7116. EDUCATION GRANTS PROGRAMS FOR HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1455(c) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241(c)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7117. BINATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 1458(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3291(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``entered into'' and
            inserting ``, as entered into in 1977,'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``United States and
            Israel'' and inserting ``United States, Israel, or other
            signatories of the Abraham Accords Declaration''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) BARD fund accelerator.--The BARD Fund shall establish
            an accelerator program that supports mid-stage research, as
            determined by the technology readiness level, in priority areas
            established by the BARD Fund that--
                        ``(A) fast-tracks cooperative research between
                    scientists participating in activities described in
                    paragraph (2);
                        ``(B) accelerates the successful development of
                    agricultural research through resources and services
                    developed or orchestrated by the BARD Fund;
                        ``(C) provides management guidance, technical
                    assistance, and consulting to scientists participating
                    in activities described in paragraph (2); or
                        ``(D) advances cooperative agricultural research
                    projects of mutual interest to the United States,
                    Israel, or other signatories of the Abraham Accords
                    Declaration.''.

    SEC. 7118. GRANTS AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL
                  RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION.

        (a) In General.--Section 1458A of the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292) is
    amended--
                (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows
            ``grants and partnerships for international agricultural
            research, extension, and education'';
                (2) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the
            following:
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Developing country.--The term `developing country'
            means a country that meets such criteria as determined by the
            Secretary, established using a gross national income per capita
            test selected by the Secretary.
                ``(2) Eligible institution.--The term `eligible
            institution' means--
                        ``(A) a land-grant colleges or university;
                        ``(B) a non-land-grant college of agriculture;
                        ``(C) a Hispanic-serving agricultural college or
                    university; and
                        ``(D) a cooperating forestry school.
                ``(3) International partner institution.--The term
            `international partner institution' means a higher education
            institution in a developing country that is performing, or
            desiring to perform, activities similar to agricultural
            research, extension, and education activities carried out
            through eligible institutions in the United States.
        ``(b) Grants and Partnerships.--
                ``(1) Grants.--The Secretary may make competitive grants to
            eligible institutions in order to strengthen United States
            economic competitiveness and to promote international market
            development through--
                        ``(A) enhancing the international content of the
                    curricula in colleges and universities so as to ensure
                    that United States students acquire an understanding of
                    the international dimensions and trade implications of
                    their studies;
                        ``(B) ensuring that United States scientists,
                    extension agents, and educators involved in
                    agricultural research and development activities
                    outside of the United States have the opportunity to
                    convey the implications of their activities and
                    findings to their peers and students in the United
                    States and to the users of agricultural research,
                    extension, and teaching;
                        ``(C) enhancing the capabilities of colleges and
                    universities to do collaborative research with other
                    countries, in cooperation with other Federal agencies,
                    on issues relevant to United States agricultural
                    competitiveness;
                        ``(D) enhancing the capabilities of colleges and
                    universities to provide cooperative extension education
                    to promote the application of new technology developed
                    in foreign countries to United States agriculture; and
                        ``(E) enhancing the capability of United States
                    colleges and universities, in cooperation with other
                    Federal agencies, to provide leadership and educational
                    programs that will assist United States natural
                    resources and food production, processing, and
                    distribution businesses and industries to compete
                    internationally, including through the use of product
                    market identification, international policies limiting
                    or enhancing market production, the development of new
                    or enhancement of existing markets, and production
                    efficiencies.
                ``(2) Partnerships.--The Secretary may promote cooperation
            and coordination between eligible institutions and
            international partner institutions through--
                        ``(A) improving extension by--
                                ``(i) encouraging the exchange of research
                            materials and results between eligible
                            institutions and international partner
                            institutions;
                                ``(ii) facilitating the broad dissemination
                            of agricultural research through extension;
                                ``(iii) assisting with efforts to plan and
                            initiate extension services in developing
                            countries; and
                                ``(iv) developing self-sustaining regional
                            agricultural markets and promoting the
                            application of new agricultural technologies
                            and techniques;
                        ``(B) improving agricultural research by--
                                ``(i) in partnership with international
                            partner institutions, encouraging research that
                            addresses problems affecting food production
                            and security, human nutrition, agriculture,
                            forestry, livestock, and fisheries, including
                            local challenges; and
                                ``(ii) supporting and strengthening
                            national agricultural research systems in
                            developing countries;
                        ``(C) supporting the participation of eligible
                    institutions in programs of international
                    organizations, such as the United Nations, the World
                    Bank, regional development banks, and international
                    agricultural research centers;
                        ``(D) improving agricultural teaching and education
                    by--
                                ``(i) in partnership with international
                            partner institutions, supporting education and
                            teaching relating to food and agricultural
                            sciences, including technical assistance,
                            degree training, research collaborations,
                            classroom instruction, workforce training, and
                            education programs; and
                                ``(ii) assisting with efforts to increase
                            student capacity, including to encourage
                            equitable access for women and other
                            underserved populations, at international
                            partner institutions by promoting partnerships
                            with, and improving the capacity of, eligible
                            institutions;
                        ``(E) assisting eligible institutions in
                    strengthening their capacity for food, agricultural,
                    and related research, extension, and teaching programs
                    relevant to agricultural development activities in
                    developing countries to promote the application of new
                    technology to improve education delivery;
                        ``(F) providing support for the
                    internationalization of resident instruction programs
                    of eligible institutions;
                        ``(G) establishing a program, to be coordinated by
                    the Director of the National Institute of Food and
                    Agriculture and the Administrator of the Foreign
                    Agricultural Service, to place interns from eligible
                    institutions in, or in service to benefit, developing
                    countries; and
                        ``(H) establishing a program to provide fellowships
                    to students at eligible institutions to study at
                    foreign agricultural colleges and universities.'';
                (3) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``covered Institutions'' and inserting
            ``eligible institutions''; and
                (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1459A of the National
    Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
    U.S.C. 3292b) is repealed.

    SEC. 7119. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT GRANTS.

        Section 1462A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310a(e)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7120. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH.

        Section 1463 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3311) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b) and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 7121. EXTENSION SERVICE.

        Section 1464 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3312) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7122. SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CROPS.

        Section 1473D of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as
                    subparagraph (G); and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the
                    following:
                ``(F) to examine potential benefits and opportunities for
            supplemental and alternative crops (including winter-planted
            rapeseed and winter-planted canola crops); and''; and
                (3) in subsection (e)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7123. GRANTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL
                  RESOURCES PROGRAMS.

         Section 1473E of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319e) is amended--
                (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows:
            ``grants for community college agriculture and natural
            resources programs'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e);
                (3) by striking subsections (a) through (c) and inserting
            the following:
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                        ``(A) a junior or community college (as defined in
                    section 312 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1058)) supporting agriculture advancement;
                        ``(B) a consortium or alliance of 2-year public
                    colleges supporting agriculture advancement; or
                        ``(C) an area career and technical education school
                    (as defined in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career
                    and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302))
                    that offers a program of study in agriculture.
                ``(2) Work-based learning.--The term `work-based learning'
            has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Carl D.
            Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C.
            2302).
        ``(b) Competitive Grants.--The Secretary shall make competitive
    grants to eligible entities to conduct workforce training, education,
    research, and outreach activities relating to food and agricultural
    sciences.
        ``(c) Priority.--In making grants under subsection (b), the
    Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity coordinating with a
    local agriculture industry operator to provide work-based learning,
    experiential training, and other opportunities for students.
        ``(d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under
    subsection (b) may use the funds made available through the grant--
                ``(1) to offer educational programming on agricultural
            industry jobs, including farm business management-related
            subjects, such as accounting, paralegal studies, and finance;
                ``(2) to develop apprenticeships and other work-based
            learning opportunities; and
                ``(3) other services that would increase workforce
            training, education, research, and outreach activities relating
            to food and agricultural sciences, as determined by the
            Secretary.''; and
                (4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7124. CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS FOR NLGCA INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1473F(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7125. AGRICULTURE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

        Section 1473H of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by inserting ``, including precision
                            agriculture,'' after ``equipment''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``relating to the research
                            and development of qualified products and
                            projects'';
                        (B) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``person'' and inserting ``eligible entity'';
                                (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``person'' and inserting
                            ``eligible entity'';
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (E); and
                                (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (F)
                            through (H) as subparagraphs (E) through (G),
                            respectively;
                        (C) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking
                            the period at the end and inserting ``; or'';
                            and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) any other product or project, as determined
                    by the Secretary.''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (7), by striking ``that is
                    developed to assist in the discovery, development, or
                    manufacture of a qualified product or project'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by amending subparagraph (B)
                    to read as follows:
                        ``(B) to overcome the long-term and high-risk
                    technological barriers in the development of
                    agricultural technologies, research tools, and
                    qualified products and projects that enhance export
                    competitiveness, environmental sustainability, water
                    conservation, and resilience to extreme weather,
                    drought, infectious diseases, plant and animal
                    pathogens, and plant and animal pests;'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking
                            ``persons'' and inserting ``eligible
                            entities''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (G), by striking
                            ``persons'' and inserting ``eligible
                            entities''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (7)(A)--
                                (i) by striking ``a person'' and inserting
                            ``an eligible entity''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``person'' and inserting
                            ``eligible entity'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``persons'' and
                    inserting ``eligible entities''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Use of strategic plan.--The Secretary shall use the
            strategic plan developed under paragraph (1) to inform the
            administration of AGARDA under this section.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''; and
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5 years'' and
                    inserting ``11 years''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``5-year'' and
                    inserting ``11-year''.

    SEC. 7126. AQUACULTURE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

        Section 1477(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324(a)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and insert ``2029''.

    SEC. 7127. SPECIAL AUTHORIZATION FOR BIOSECURITY PLANNING AND RESPONSE.

        Section 1484(a)(3) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3351(a)(3)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7128. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 1485 of the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3352) is
    amended--
                (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows:
            ``agriculture and food protection grant program'';
                (2) by striking subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and
            (f) and inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive
    grant program under which the Secretary will award grants to eligible
    entities to support research, extension, and education activities that
    improve the capability of the United States to protect the food and
    agricultural system from any chemical, biological, cybersecurity, or
    bioterrorism attack.
        ``(b) Use of Funds.--Grants made under this section shall be used
    to--
                ``(1) encourage basic and applied research and development
            of agricultural countermeasures;
                ``(2) promote the development and expansion of teaching
            programs in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and other
            disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture system
            to increase the number of trained individuals with an expertise
            in agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity;
                ``(3) expand or upgrade facilities to meet biosafety and
            biosecurity requirements necessary to protect facility staff,
            members of the public, and the food supply while carrying out
            agricultural biosecurity research;
                ``(4) costs associated with the acquisition of equipment
            and other capital costs related to expansion of food,
            agriculture, and veterinary medicine teaching programs in
            agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity; or
                ``(5) otherwise improve the capacity of the United States
            to respond in a timely manner to emerging or existing threats.
        ``(c) Eligible Entities.--Entities eligible to receive a grant
    under this section include--
                ``(1) State agricultural experiment stations;
                ``(2) State departments of agriculture;
                ``(3) colleges and universities;
                ``(4) university research foundations;
                ``(5) other research institutions and organizations;
                ``(6) Federal agencies;
                ``(7) national laboratories; or
                ``(8) any group consisting of 2 or more of the entities
            described in paragraphs (1) through (7).'';
                (3) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (d); and
                (4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``for each fiscal year.'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal
            years 2025 through 2029.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
                (1) Section 14112 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act
            of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8912) is repealed.
                (2) Section 14113 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act
            of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8913) is repealed.
                (3) Section 14121 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act
            of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8921) is repealed.
                (4) Section 14122 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act
            of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8922) is repealed.

    SEC. 7129. DISTANCE EDUCATION GRANTS FOR INSULAR AREAS.

        Section 1490(f)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362(f)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7130. RESIDENT INSTRUCTION GRANTS FOR INSULAR AREAS.

        Section 1491(c)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363(c)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7131. REPEALS.

        (a) Section 1410 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 ((7 U.S.C. 3125) is repealed.
        (b) Section 1419C of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3158) is repealed.
        (c) Section 1447A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-1) is repealed.
        (d) Subtitle M of title XIV of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3331 et seq.) is
    repealed.

       Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

    SEC. 7201. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

        Subtitle B of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' each place it appears in sections 1624 (7 U.S.C. 5814),
    1627(d) (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)), 1628(f)(2) (7 U.S.C. 1631(f)(2)), and
    1629(i) (7 U.S.C. 5832(i)), and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7202. NATIONAL GENETICS RESOURCES PROGRAM.

        Section 1635(b)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5844(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023''
    and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7203. AGRICULTURAL GENOME TO PHENOME INITIATIVE.

        Section 1671(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7204. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVES.

        Section 1672 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking paragraphs (5), (6), (9), (10),
                    (11), (13), and (18);
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (7), (8), (12),
                    (14), (15), (16), (17), (19), and (20) as paragraphs
                    (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), and (13);
                        (C) in paragraph (11), as so redesignated, by
                    inserting ``and harmful algal blooms'' after ``macro-
                    algae systems''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(14) Fertilizer and nutrient management initiative.--
            Research and extension grants may be made under this section
            for the purposes of carrying out research to improve fertilizer
            use efficiency in crops and examining nutrient management based
            on the source, rate, timing, and placement of crop nutrients.
                ``(15) Tropical plant health initiative.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of--
                        ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based
                    tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious
                    weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the
                    Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact
                    tropical plants, including--
                                ``(i) coffee plants;
                                ``(ii) macadamia trees;
                                ``(iii) cacao trees;
                                ``(iv) plantains and bananas;
                                ``(v) mangos;
                                ``(vi) tropical floriculture and nursery
                            crops; and
                                ``(vii) any other tropical plant as
                            determined by the Secretary;
                        ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest
                    management program in areas affected by, or areas at
                    risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious
                    weeds;
                        ``(C) surveying and collecting data on tropical
                    plant production and health;
                        ``(D) investigating tropical plant biology,
                    immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                        ``(E) conducting research on various factors that
                    may contribute to, or be associated with, tropical
                    plant immune systems and other serious threats to
                    tropical plants.
                ``(16) Biochar research.--Research and extension grants may
            be made under this section for the purpose of testing the full
            range of biochar types across soil types, soil health and soil
            management conditions, application methods, and climatic and
            agronomic regions, including through the establishment of a
            national biochar research network, to--
                        ``(A) assess the soil carbon sequestration
                    potential of various biochars and management systems
                    integrating biochar use;
                        ``(B) understand how to use biochar productively to
                    contribute to climate mitigation, crop production,
                    resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and
                    soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm
                    profitability; and
                        ``(C) deliver science-based, region-specific, cost-
                    effective, and practical information to farmers,
                    ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban
                    land managers, and other land and natural resource
                    managers and businesses on sustainable biochar
                    production and application.
                ``(17) Wildfire smoke exposure research.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of studying the impact of wildfire smoke exposure on
            specialty crops, including wine grapes, hops, stone fruit, and
            apples, by--
                        ``(A) conducting research--
                                ``(i) to identify the compounds responsible
                            for smoke exposure; and
                                ``(ii) to establish standard methodologies
                            for sampling and testing smoke-exposed
                            specialty crops and smoke-affected products,
                            including fast and inexpensive screening
                            methods;
                        ``(B) establishing a reliable database of
                    background levels of smoke exposure compounds that
                    occur naturally in specialty crops;
                        ``(C) developing risk assessment tools or
                    mitigation methods to reduce or eliminate smoke
                    exposure; and
                        ``(D) studying compounds that can act as a barrier
                    between specialty crops and smoke compounds.
                ``(18) Invasive species research.--Research and extension
            grants may be made under this section for the purposes of
            developing and disseminating science-based tools and treatments
            to manage or eradicate (including through methods of biocontrol
            and sterile insect techniques) invasive species of plants and
            animals, such as the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula),
            navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), and spotted wing
            drosophila (Drosophila suzukii).
                ``(19) Microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl
            substances on farmland.--Research and extension grants may be
            made under this section for the purposes of carrying out or
            enhancing research on the agricultural impacts of microplastics
            and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, including structural
            firefighting foam, in land-applied biosolids or compost on
            farmland, including by--
                        ``(A) conducting surveys and collecting data on
                    concentration, particle size, and chemical composition
                    of such substances in land-applied biosolids on
                    farmland;
                        ``(B) the development or analysis of techniques,
                    including wastewater treatment and composting, to
                    filter out or biodegrade such substances from biosolids
                    intended to be used for agricultural purposes;
                        ``(C) conducting an analysis of the impact on
                    agricultural crops and soil health of such substances
                    in land-applied biosolids on farmland, including the
                    uptake of such substances by various crops or
                    livestock;
                        ``(D) conducting research to better understand how
                    wastewater processing impacts such substances;
                        ``(E) conducting research to better understand the
                    fate, residence time, and transport of such substances
                    on farmland; and
                        ``(F) conducting research on how to remediate soil
                    and water systems contaminated with such substances.
                ``(20) Agricultural byproducts research.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of converting agricultural byproducts or forest
            residuals into valuable materials and products, including
            innovations in production processes for easily deployable
            refining facilities, developing alternatives to agricultural
            burning, and fostering energy production through recycling
            animal byproducts, wet waste, and plant-based waste.
                ``(21) Soil health research.--Research and extension grants
            may be made under this section for the purposes of--
                        ``(A) developing management practices that improve
                    soil health, including establishing tools that aid soil
                    preservation or improve composition of soil organic
                    compounds that are beneficial to soil quality and the
                    environment; and
                        ``(B) disseminating such practices through methods
                    such as innovative coursework and work-based learning.
                ``(22) White oak research.--Research and extension grants
            may be made under this section for the purposes of white oak
            research, including conducting research on--
                        ``(A) white oak genes with resistance and stress
                    tolerance;
                        ``(B) white oak trees that exhibit vigor for the
                    purpose of increasing survival and growth;
                        ``(C) establishing a diverse white oak seed bank
                    capable of responding to stressors;
                        ``(D) providing a sustainable supply of white oak
                    seedlings and genetic resources;
                        ``(E) reforestation of white oak through natural
                    and artificial regeneration; and
                        ``(F) the best methods for reforesting abandoned
                    mine land sites.
                ``(23) Alternative growing media research.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of developing and enhancing research on the
            characterization, utilization, and evaluation of alternative
            growing media, including science-based techniques that maximize
            functions in the growth of plants and harvest yields.
                ``(24) Rangeland research.--Research and extension grants
            may be made under this section for the purposes of carrying out
            or enhancing research on the development of forage production
            and improved grazing and range management, including the
            adoption of virtual fencing technology that simultaneously
            enhance wildlife habitat, protect watersheds, and reduce
            hazards of erosion and flooding.
                ``(25) Specialty crop mechanization and automation
            research.--Research and extension grants may be made under this
            section for the purpose of developing and evaluating
            mechanization and automation technologies for specialty
            crops.'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(5), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(5), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029'';
                (4) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                (5) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i);
                (6) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
        ``(h) Report.--Not later than February 1, 2026, and not less
    frequently than once every other year thereafter, the Secretary shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
    a report describing how the Department carried out research and
    extension activities specified in subsections (d) through (f) for the
    previous two fiscal years, including the amount of funding allocated to
    each high-priority research and extension initiative, through--
                ``(1) amounts made available under appropriations Acts to
            the Agricultural Research Service;
                ``(2) amounts made available to the National Institute of
            Food and Agriculture under capacity and infrastructure programs
            (as defined in section 251 of the Department of Agriculture
            Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971));
                ``(3) amounts made available to the National Institute of
            Food and Agriculture under competitive programs (as defined in
            such section); and
                ``(4) amounts made available through other agencies within
            the Department.''; and
                (7) in subsection (i) (as redesignated by paragraph (4)),
            by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7205. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

        Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029'';
                (2) by striking subsection (e);
                (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (e); and
                (4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (3).

    SEC. 7206. FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

        Section 1672D(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)(2)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7207. URBAN, INDOOR, AND OTHER EMERGING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
                  RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

        Section 1672E of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925g)--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``the Urban Agriculture and
                            Innovative Production Advisory Committee
                            established under section 222(b) of the
                            Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
                            1994'' and inserting ``the Urban Agriculture
                            and Innovative Production Advisory Committee
                            and the Office of Urban Agriculture and
                            Innovative Production established under section
                            222 of the Department of Agriculture
                            Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923)'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``emerging agricultural
                            production'' and inserting ``emerging
                            agricultural production practices (as described
                            in subsection (a)(3) of such section)'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``emerging
                    agricultural production'' and inserting ``emerging
                    agricultural production practices'';
                        (C) in paragraph (7), by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (D) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (E) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) managing waste streams to improve the environmental
            footprint; or
                ``(10) advising land-grant colleges and universities (as
            defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
            Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)),
            minority-serving institutions (as described in section 371(a)
            of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a))),
            junior or community colleges (as defined in section 312(f) of
            such Act (20 U.S.C. 1058(f))), and vocational schools, with
            respect to career and technical education.''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7208. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE.

        Section 1673 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5926) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsections (a), (b), and (c) and inserting
            the following:
        ``(a) Centers of Excellence.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall
            establish at least one center of excellence for the purpose of
            carrying out research, extension, and education activities for
            each of the areas of focus described in paragraph (3).
                ``(2) Host institutions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Institutions eligible to host or
                    co-host a center of excellence established under this
                    subsection include--
                                ``(i) 1862 Institutions, as defined in
                            section 2 of the Agricultural Research,
                            Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7
                            U.S.C. 7601);
                                ``(ii) 1890 Institutions, as defined in
                            section 2 of the Agricultural Research,
                            Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7
                            U.S.C. 7601);
                                ``(iii) 1994 Institutions, as defined in
                            section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-
                            Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note);
                                ``(iv) non-land-grant colleges of
                            agriculture, as defined in section 1404 of the
                            National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
                            Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103);
                                ``(v) Hispanic-serving agricultural
                            colleges or universities, as defined in section
                            1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
                            Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
                            U.S.C. 3103); and
                                ``(vi) accredited schools of veterinary
                            medicine.
                        ``(B) Distribution.--To the maximum extent
                    practicable, the Secretary shall ensure the geographic
                    diversity of institutions selected to host or co-host a
                    center of excellence established under this subsection.
                        ``(C) Limitation.--An institution may host or co-
                    host only one center of excellence under this
                    subsection at a time.
                        ``(D) Duties.--The institution or institutions
                    selected to host or co-host a center of excellence
                    established under this subsection shall partner with
                    the Agricultural Research Service, other Federal
                    agencies, State governments, other institutions of
                    higher education (as defined in section 101 of the
                    Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)),
                    agricultural industry groups, or other relevant
                    entities to--
                                ``(i) reduce duplicative efforts and focus
                            on filling gaps across research, extension, and
                            education activities by enhancing coordination
                            and improving cost-effectiveness;
                                ``(ii) leverage available resources by
                            using public-private partnerships;
                                ``(iii) implement training and educational
                            initiatives to increase awareness and
                            effectively disseminate solutions to target
                            audiences through extension activities;
                                ``(iv) increase the economic returns to
                            rural communities by identifying, attracting,
                            and directing funds to high-priority
                            agricultural issues;
                                ``(v) rapidly respond to emerging issues
                            that threaten any sector of the United States
                            agricultural industry;
                                ``(vi) focus on workforce development for
                            employers to recruit and retain high-quality
                            employees in rural areas; and
                                ``(vii) engage in assistance for
                            administrative management and education
                            regarding potentially valuable intellectual
                            property derived from federally-supported
                            research, extension, and education activities.
                ``(3) Areas of focus.--
                        ``(A) Aquaculture.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, and education activities focused
                    on developing and applying aquaculture methods,
                    including through the propagation and rearing of
                    economically and ecologically valuable aquatic and
                    marine species.
                        ``(B) Beginning farmers and ranchers.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension and education activities focused
                    on training beginning farmers and ranchers, including
                    farm and agribusiness management, mentoring and
                    technical assistance, and access to capital.
                        ``(C) Biosecurity and cybersecurity.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, and education activities
                    focused on agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity
                    efforts to defend the United States food supply from
                    any attacks.
                        ``(D) Biosystems and agricultural engineering.--A
                    center of excellence established under this subsection
                    may engage in research, extension, and education
                    activities focused on biosystems and agricultural
                    engineering, including precision agriculture
                    technologies and mechanization and automation
                    technologies for specialty crops.
                        ``(E) Biotechnology.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, and education activities focused
                    on development of animal and plant biotechnologies that
                    will increase agricultural productivity.
                        ``(F) Crop production, protection, and
                    resilience.--A center of excellence established under
                    this subsection may engage in research, extension, and
                    education activities focused on crop production and
                    protection, including the development, manufacture, and
                    use of fertilizer, crop protection tools, and adjuvants
                    in increasing productivity and protecting crops from
                    damaging pests and diseases.
                        ``(G) Digital agriculture.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, and education activities focused
                    on developing, evaluating, and deploying digital
                    agriculture, including artificial intelligence and
                    remote sensing systems.
                        ``(H) Farm business and financial management.--A
                    center of excellence established under this subsection
                    may engage in research, extension, and education
                    activities focused on farm business and financial
                    management activities, including marketing plans,
                    production diversification, and cash forward
                    contracting.
                        ``(I) Food quality.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, and education activities focused
                    on improving food quality, including research on the
                    uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food,
                    the presence of microplastics in biosolids, and the
                    efficacy and feasibility of reducing levels of
                    inorganic arsenic, lead, cadmium, or mercury in food.
                        ``(J) Foreign animal disease.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, and education activities
                    focused on foreign animal diseases, including the
                    ecology and etiology of emerging diseases, control
                    methods, and implementation strategies to enhance
                    preparedness and response efforts to protect the
                    livestock and poultry industry.
                        ``(K) Forestry.--A center of excellence established
                    under this subsection may engage in research,
                    extension, and education activities focused on forest
                    productivity and forest health, including invasive
                    species control, biochar and pyrolysis development and
                    commercialization, reforestation and restoration of
                    damaged landscapes, and new wood-based materials.
                        ``(L) Invasive species.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, and education activities focused
                    on the control and eradication of invasive species that
                    pose a persistent and growing threat to United States
                    agricultural production, forest resources, global food
                    security, and rural economies.
                        ``(M) Livestock and poultry.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, and education activities
                    focused on issues impacting livestock (including
                    equines) and poultry production in the United States,
                    including economic research to understand policy
                    implications for producers.
                        ``(N) Veterinary medicine.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, and education activities focused
                    on developing large animal veterinarians and addressing
                    the veterinarian shortage in rural areas.
                        ``(O) Water quality and quantity.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, and education activities
                    focused on water quality and quantity efforts,
                    including drought, water management, natural resource
                    benefits, and the health and resilience of the water
                    supply in the United States.
                ``(4) Terms.--
                        ``(A) Duration.--The term of an award under this
                    subsection shall be for a five-year period, and may be
                    renewed for not more than one additional five-year
                    period.
                        ``(B) Construction prohibited.--Funds made
                    available under this subsection shall not be used for
                    the construction of a new building or facility or the
                    acquisition, expansion, remodeling, or alteration of an
                    existing building or facility (including site grading
                    and improvement, and architect fees).
                ``(5) Annual report.--Not later than one year after the
            date of enactment of this subsection, and every year
            thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee
            on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report
            describing--
                        ``(A) the projects initiated by each center of
                    excellence established under this subsection in the
                    preceding year;
                        ``(B) the amount of funding for each such project
                    and the funding source;
                        ``(C) the institutions participating in each such
                    project and their shares of the overall funding for
                    each project;
                        ``(D) the level of cost sharing for each such
                    project;
                        ``(E) any technology transfer and intellectual
                    property management actions taken by each such center
                    of excellence, such as the number of relevant invention
                    disclosures, any provisional patents filed, any non-
                    provisional patents filed and issued, the number of
                    licenses executed, and any start-up companies
                    registered; and
                        ``(F) any additional information deemed
                    necessary.'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (b);
                (3) in subsection (b), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``The Secretary'' and
                            inserting ``In addition to the centers of
                            excellence established under subsection (a),
                            the Secretary''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``not less than 3 centers
                            of excellence'' and inserting ``not less than 8
                            centers of excellence'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in the subparagraph heading, by
                                    striking ``and workforce development''
                                    and inserting ``, workforce
                                    development, and rural studies''; and
                                        (II) by inserting ``economics,
                                    psychology, rural sociology, data
                                    sciences,'' after ``mathematics,'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (E), by inserting
                            ``and nature-based solutions to improve the
                            composition of soil organic compounds,
                            including carbon, that are beneficial to soil
                            quality and the environment'' before the period
                            at the end; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) Forest health and conservation.--A center of
                    excellence established under paragraph (1) may focus on
                    forest health, sustainable forest management,
                    agroforestry, enhancing forest resilience to
                    catastrophic wildfire, supporting rural infrastructure,
                    and urban and community forestry programs to promote
                    healthy forest ecosystems and resilient communities.
                        ``(H) Food safety, bioprocessing, and value-added
                    agriculture.--A center of excellence established under
                    paragraph (1) may focus on food safety, bioprocessing,
                    value-added agriculture enterprise development, and
                    innovative food and agriculture product development.'';
                    and
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7209. THINKDIFFERENTLY NATIONAL AGRABILITY PROJECT.

        Section 1680 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``assistive
            technology program for farmers with disabilities'' and
            inserting ``thinkdifferently national agrability project'';
                (2) in subsection (a)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) provide education and support to youth and
                    young adults with disabilities interested in farming
                    and farm-related occupations.''; and
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Authorization of Appropriations'' and inserting
                    ``Funding'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as
                    paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                        (C) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
            Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this
            section $8,000,000, to remain available until expended.'';
                        (D) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``In general'' and inserting ``Authorization of
                            appropriations'';
                                (ii) by striking ``Subject to paragraph
                            (2)'' and inserting ``Subject to paragraph
                            (3)''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                        (E) by amending paragraph (3), as so redesignated,
                    to read as follows:
                        ``(3) National grant.--Not more than 15 percent of
                    the amounts made available under this subsection shall
                    be used to carry out subsection (b).''.

    SEC. 7210. FARMING OPPORTUNITIES TRAINING AND OUTREACH.

        Section 2501 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``Secretary of
                            Agriculture'' and inserting ``Secretary of
                            Agriculture, acting through the Director of the
                            National Institute of Food and Agriculture,'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                            ``2029''; and
                (2) by striking ``2023'' each place it appears in
            subsections (d)(1) and (l)(2) and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7211. NATIONAL RURAL INFORMATION CENTER CLEARINGHOUSE.

        Section 2381(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7212. REPEAL.

        Subtitle D of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5851 et seq.) is repealed.

    Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act
                                    of 1998

    SEC. 7301. NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY TRAINING, EDUCATION, EXTENSION,
                  OUTREACH, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 405 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
    Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7625) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (d);
                (2) by redesignating subsections (e) through (j) as
            subsections (d) through (i), respectively; and
                (3) in subsection (i), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7302. INTEGRATED RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION COMPETITIVE
                  GRANTS PROGRAM.

        Section 406(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626(f)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7303. SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH REGARDING DISEASES OF WHEAT, TRITICALE,
                  AND BARLEY CAUSED BY FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM OR BY TILLETIA
                  INDICA.

        Section 408(e)(3) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7628(e)(3)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7304. GRANTS FOR YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS.

        Section 410(d)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7305. SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

        Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
    Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``subsection (d) and
            (j)'' and inserting ``subsections (d), (j), and (k)'';
                (2) in subsection (g)(3), by adding at the end the
            following:
                        ``(C) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the matching
                    funds requirement under subparagraph (A) with respect
                    to a grant if the Secretary determines that--
                                ``(i) the results of the grant are of a
                            particular benefit to a specific specialty
                            crop, but such results are likely to be
                            applicable to specialty crops or agricultural
                            commodities, generally; or
                                ``(ii)(I) the grant--
                                        ``(aa) involves a minor commodity;
                                    and
                                        ``(bb) deals with scientifically
                                    important research; and
                                ``(II) the recipient is unable to satisfy
                            the matching funds requirement.'';
                (3) in subjection (j)(5), by striking ``subsection
            (k)(1)(C)'' and inserting ``subsection (l)(1)(C)'';
                (4) by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l);
                (5) by inserting after subsection (j) the following:
        ``(k) Specialty Crop Mechanization and Automation Research and
    Extension Program.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive
    research and extension grant program to award grants to eligible
    entities to increase the competitiveness of specialty crops in the
    United States through the advancement and acceleration of mechanization
    and automation, including projects that--
                ``(1) create or improve cost-effective mechanization and
            automation technologies to--
                        ``(A) reduce the manual labor requirements of a
                    specialty crop grower; or
                        ``(B) increase the efficiency of--
                                ``(i) crop production;
                                ``(ii) resource management;
                                ``(iii) harvesting;
                                ``(iv) processing;
                                ``(v) post-harvest technologies; or
                                ``(vi) packing;
                ``(2) increase adoption of mechanization and automation
            technologies by--
                        ``(A) emphasizing adoption drivers, including--
                                ``(i) connectivity;
                                ``(ii) autonomy;
                                ``(iii) reliability;
                                ``(iv) durability;
                                ``(v) in-field validation; or
                                ``(vi) cost-effectiveness; or
                        ``(B) investing in, and developing human capital
                    to, increase the capacity to--
                                ``(i) utilize new technologies; or
                                ``(ii) manage a more tech-focused farm
                            workforce; or
                ``(3) accelerate automation and mechanization through--
                        ``(A) prototype development;
                        ``(B) in-field trial testing;
                        ``(C) ongoing industry engagement; or
                        ``(D) rapid commercialization.''; and
                (6) in subsection (l), as redesignated by paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``section $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2014''
                            and inserting the following: ``section--
                                ``(i) $80,000,000 for each of fiscal years
                            2014 through 2024; and
                                ``(ii) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2025'';
                                (ii) by amending subparagraph (C) to read
                            as follows:
                        ``(C) Reservation.--
                                ``(i) Emergency citrus disease research and
                            extension program.--
                                        ``(I) Fiscal years 2014 through
                                    2018.--For each of fiscal years 2014
                                    through 2018, the Secretary shall
                                    reserve not less than $25,000,000 of
                                    the funds made available under
                                    subparagraph (B) to carry out the
                                    program established under subsection
                                    (j).
                                        ``(II) Fiscal years 2025 through
                                    2029.--For each of fiscal years 2025
                                    through 2029, the Secretary shall
                                    reserve not less than $25,000,000 of
                                    the funds made available under
                                    subparagraph (B) to carry out the
                                    program established under subsection
                                    (j).
                                ``(ii) Specialty crop mechanization and
                            automation research and extension program.--For
                            each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the
                            Secretary shall reserve not less than
                            $20,000,000 of the funds made available under
                            subparagraph (B) to carry out the program
                            established under subsection (k).''; and
                                (iii) by amending subparagraph (D) to read
                            as follows:
                        ``(D) Reallocation.--Notwithstanding paragraph (4),
                    any funds reserved under subparagraph (C) that remain
                    unobligated at the end of the fiscal year following the
                    fiscal year in which such funds are first made
                    available shall be reallocated to carry out activities
                    of the specialty crop research initiative established
                    under subsection (b).'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``for fiscal years 2014 through 2023''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                            ``2029'';
                        (C) by striking paragraph (3); and
                        (D) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as
                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

    SEC. 7306. AGRICULTURE GRANTS FOR VETERAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
                  SERVICES.

        Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
    Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7624 et seq.) is amended by adding at the
    end the following:

    ``SEC. 414. AGRICULTURE GRANTS FOR VETERAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
                  SERVICES.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program under
    which the Secretary will award competitive grants to eligible entities
    for the purpose of establishing and enhancing farming and ranching
    opportunities for veterans (as defined in section 101(2) of title 38,
    United States Code).
        ``(b) Eligible Entities.--An entity is eligible for a grant under
    this section if such entity is--
                ``(1) a cooperative extension service;
                ``(2) a land-grant college or university (as defined in
            section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
            and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
                ``(3) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as defined
            in such section);
                ``(4) a Hispanic-serving agricultural college and
            university (as defined in such section);
                ``(5) a State department of agriculture;
                ``(6) a nonprofit organization;
                ``(7) a community-based organization; or
                ``(8) a combination of 2 or more eligible entities
            described in paragraphs (1) through (7).
        ``(c) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under
    this section shall use the funds received through the grant--
                ``(1) to provide training and classroom education that
            leads to a comprehensive understanding of farm and ranch
            business operations and management practices;
                ``(2) to develop or identify curriculum that veteran
            farmers and ranchers can adopt to help manage their enterprise;
                ``(3) to offer education, workshops, tours, and instructor-
            supervised field experiences; or
                ``(4) to support any other activity, as identified by the
            Secretary, to increase the number of veterans pursuing
            knowledge and skills development in agriculture.
        ``(d) Matching Funds.--An entity that receives a grant under this
    section shall provide non-Federal matching funds for the purposes of
    carrying out this section in an amount equal to not less than the
    amount of the grant.
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $3,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.''.

    SEC. 7307. FOOD ANIMAL RESIDUE AVOIDANCE DATABASE PROGRAM.

        Section 604(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7642(e)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7308. OFFICE OF PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY.

        Section 614(f)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7653(f)(2)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7309. FORESTRY PRODUCTS ADVANCED UTILIZATION RESEARCH.

        Section 617(f)(1) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7310. REPEALS.

        The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of
    1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601 et seq.) is amended--
                (1) by striking section 404 (7 U.S.C. 7624); and
                (2) by striking section 411 (7 U.S.C. 7631).

             Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

    SEC. 7401. GRAZINGLANDS RESEARCH LABORATORY.

        Section 7502 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
    (Public Law 110-246; 122 Stat. 2019) is amended by striking ``, for the
    15-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act''.

    SEC. 7402. FARM AND RANCH STRESS ASSISTANCE NETWORK.

        Section 7522 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 5936) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting ``, including
            crisis hotlines'' after ``websites'';
                (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029'';
                (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
        ``(f) Referrals to Providers.--As part of the efforts of the
    recipient of a grant under subsection (a) to connect individuals to
    behavioral health counseling and wellness support and to ensure
    individuals have access to a comprehensive scope of mental health and
    substance use treatments and supports, when applicable, the grant
    recipient may establish referral relationships with--
                ``(1) certified community behavioral health clinics
            described in section 223 of the Protecting Access to Medicare
            Act of 2014 (42 U.S.C. 1396a note; Public Law 113-93);
                ``(2) health centers (as defined in section 330(a) of the
            Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(a)));
                ``(3) rural health clinics (as defined in section 1861(aa)
            of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)));
                ``(4) Federally qualified health centers (as defined in
            that section); and
                ``(5) critical access hospitals (as defined in section
            1861(mm) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm))).''.

    SEC. 7403. SUN GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 7526 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 8114) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and
                    bioproduct'' before ``technologies'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``product'' and
                    inserting ``bioproduct''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``product'' and
                    inserting ``bioproduct'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``4 percent'' and
            inserting ``30 percent''; and
                (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 7404. REPEALS.

        The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et
    seq.) is amended--
                (1) by striking section 7521 (7 U.S.C. 3202); and
                (2) by striking section 7525 (7 U.S.C. 5937).

                      Subtitle E--Amendments to Other Laws

    SEC. 7501. EQUITY IN EDUCATIONAL LAND-GRANT STATUS ACT OF 1994.

        The Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C.
    301 note; Public Law 103-382) is amended--
                (1) in section 533(b), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029'';
                (2) in section 534(a)(1), by striking ``equal to'' and
            inserting ``not less than'';
                (3) in section 535, by striking ``2023'' each place it
            appears in subsections (b)(1) and (c) and inserting ``2029'';
                (4) in section 536--
                        (A) by striking subsection (b);
                        (B) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection
                    (b); and
                        (C) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7502. RESEARCH FACILITIES ACT.

        Section 6 of the Research Facilities Act (7 U.S.C. 390d) is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking ``authorization of
            appropriations'' and inserting ``funding''; and
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``(a) In General.--Subject to'' and
                    inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
            Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry
            out the competitive grant program under section 4,
            $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until
            expended.
                ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Subject to''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), as so designated, by striking
                    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7503. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

        Subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research
    Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)(iii)--
                                (i) by inserting ``regionally adapted''
                            before ``cultivar''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``breeding for
                            environmental resilience,'' before ``and
                            participatory breeding'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting ``,
                    including methods of increasing survival rate and
                    adaptability of shellfish'' after ``aquaculture'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (v), by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(vi) hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics,
                            and other production technologies used in
                            controlled-environment agriculture
                            production.''; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (F)--
                                (i) in clause (i), by inserting ``,
                            including supply chain coordination and
                            capacity building'' after ``overseas markets'';
                                (ii) in clause (vii), by striking ``; and''
                            at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                                (iii) in clause (viii), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ix) workforce training and development,
                            including meat and poultry processing
                            (including rendering) and precision
                            agriculture.'';
                (2) in paragraph (7)--
                        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (I)
                    as subparagraphs (E) through (J), respectively;
                        (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
                    following:
                        ``(D) area career and technical education
                    schools;''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (J), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``(H)'' and inserting ``(I)''; and
                (3) in paragraph (11)(A), in the matter preceding clause
            (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7504. EXTENSION DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE.

        Subsection (d)(6) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities
    Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(d)(6)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7505. BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 9008(h)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8108(h)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7506. RENEWABLE RESOURCES EXTENSION ACT OF 1978.

        The Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 et
    seq.) is amended--
                (1) in section 6 (16 U.S.C. 1675), in the first sentence,
            by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                (2) in section 8 (16 U.S.C. 1671 note), by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7507. NATIONAL AQUACULTURE ACT OF 1980.

        The National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) is
    amended--
                (1) in section 4 (16 U.S.C. 2803)--
                        (A) in subsection (a)(2), by striking
                    ``acquaculture'' and inserting ``aquaculture'';
                        (B) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding
                    paragraph (1), by inserting ``, not less than once
                    every 3 years,'' after ``periodic reviews''; and
                        (C) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1),
                            by inserting ``, not less than once every 3
                            years,'' after ``undertake a continuing
                            assessment of aquaculture in the United
                            States'';
                                (ii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (iii) in paragraph (6), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) a catalog of new and existing capital constraints, as
            described in the capital requirements plan formulated under
            section 8(b), that affect the development of the aquaculture
            industry in the United States; and
                ``(8) a catalog of new and existing Federal or State
            regulatory barriers, as described in the regulatory constraints
            plan formulated under section 9(b), to the initiation and
            operation of commercial aquaculture ventures.'';
                (2) in section 5 (16 U.S.C. 2804), by striking subsection
            (d) and inserting the following:
        ``(d) Aquaculture Advisory Committee.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
            2024, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee, to
            be known as the Aquaculture Advisory Committee (referred to in
            this subsection as the `Committee'), to advise the Secretary
            on--
                        ``(A) oversight of programs of the Department and
                    other members of the coordinating group to support
                    development of, and to advance, aquaculture best
                    practices using the best available science, in
                    consultation with farmers and industry partners;
                        ``(B) providing technical assistance to aquaculture
                    farmers and businesses, including technical assistance
                    that pertains to shellfish, algae, and land-based
                    aquaculture systems, using the best available science;
                    and
                        ``(C) any other aspects of the implementation of
                    this Act.
                ``(2) Membership.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Committee shall be composed
                    of 14 members, who are not officers or employees of the
                    Federal Government.
                        ``(B) Initial appointments.--The Secretary shall
                    appoint the members of the Committee not later than 180
                    days after the date of enactment of this section.
                        ``(C) Period of initial appointment; vacancies.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), a member of the Committee shall be
                            appointed for a term of 3 years.
                                ``(ii) Initial appointments.--Of the
                            members first appointed to the Committee--
                                        ``(I) 5 of the members, as
                                    determined by the Secretary, shall be
                                    appointed for a term of 3 years;
                                        ``(II) 5 of the members, as
                                    determined by the Secretary, shall be
                                    appointed for a term of 2 years; and
                                        ``(III) 4 of the members, as
                                    determined by the Secretary, shall be
                                    appointed for a term of 1 year.
                                ``(iii) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the
                            Committee--
                                        ``(I) shall not affect the powers
                                    of the Committee; and
                                        ``(II) shall be filled as soon as
                                    practicable in the same manner as the
                                    original appointment.
                        ``(D) Consecutive terms.--An initial appointee of
                    the Committee may serve an additional consecutive term
                    if the member is reappointed by the Secretary.
                ``(3) Meetings.--
                        ``(A) Frequency.--The Committee shall meet not
                    fewer than 3 times per year.
                        ``(B) Initial meeting.--Not later than 180 days
                    after the date on which the members are appointed under
                    paragraph (2)(B), the Committee shall hold the first
                    meeting of the Committee.
                ``(4) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                        ``(A) develop recommendations and advise the
                    Secretary on aquaculture policies, initiatives, and
                    outreach administered by the Department;
                        ``(B) evaluate and review ongoing research and
                    extension activities relating to aquaculture practices;
                        ``(C) identify new and existing barriers to
                    successful aquaculture practices; and
                        ``(D) provide additional assistance and advice to
                    the Secretary as appropriate.
                ``(5) Personnel matters.--
                        ``(A) Compensation.--A member of the Committee
                    shall serve without compensation.
                        ``(B) Travel expenses.--A member of the Committee
                    shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in
                    lieu of subsistence, in accordance with section 5703 of
                    title 5, United States Code.
                ``(6) Termination.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
                    Committee shall terminate on the date that is 5 years
                    after the date on which the members are appointed under
                    paragraph (2)(B).
                        ``(B) Extensions.--Before the date on which the
                    Committee terminates, the Secretary may renew the
                    Committee for 1 or more 2-year periods.
        ``(e) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, and
    each year thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the coordinating
    group and in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the
    Secretary of the Interior, shall prepare on an annual basis, and submit
    to Congress, a report on the status of aquaculture in the United
    States. Such report shall contain--
                ``(1) a description and evaluation of the actions
            undertaken with respect to the Plan during the reporting
            period;
                ``(2) an explanation of any revisions made to the Plan
            during the reporting period;
                ``(3) the results of the continuing assessment established
            under section 4(e);
                ``(4) an evaluation of the role each Federal department or
            agency has in supporting the aquaculture industry;
                ``(5) the total amount and value of expenditures of Federal
            departments or agencies on--
                        ``(A) aquaculture purchases;
                        ``(B) aquaculture promotion and outreach supporting
                    the aquaculture industry;
                        ``(C) grants made to the aquaculture industry; and
                        ``(D) grants to facilitate aquaculture research and
                    the subject matter of such research;
                ``(6) a summary of the activities and recommendations of
            the Aquaculture Advisory Committee established under subsection
            (d);
                ``(7) a summary of the activities and recommendations of
            the coordinating group; and
                ``(8) such other comments and recommendations as the
            Secretary determines appropriate.''; and
                (3) in section 10 (16 U.S.C. 2809), by striking ``2023''
            each place it appears in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 7508. REPORTS ON DISBURSEMENT OF FUNDS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
                  AND EXTENSION AT 1862 AND 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES,
                  INCLUDING TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

         Section 7116 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    2207d) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``Not later than'' and inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Outreach.--Not later than February 1 of each fiscal year, the
    Secretary shall provide information relating to each matching
    requirement applicable to the State under the programs referred to in
    subsection (a) to the Governor and legislature of each State in which
    an 1862 Institution or 1890 Institution (as those terms are defined in
    section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform
    Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)) is located.
        ``(c) Attestations.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not less frequently than once each
            calendar year, the Governor of each State described in
            subsection (b) shall submit to the Secretary an attestation
            that describes if the State is able to fulfill each matching
            requirement with respect to which information is provided by
            the Secretary under such subsection for such State and calendar
            year.
                ``(2) Reports.--Not later than December 31 of each calendar
            year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly
            available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, an
            annual report describing the attestations received under
            paragraph (1) during that calendar year.''.

    SEC. 7509. REPEAL.

        Section 1431 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985 (title XIV of Public Law 99-198;
    99 Stat. 1556) is repealed.

                           Subtitle F--Other Matters

    SEC. 7601. FOUNDATION FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH.

        Section 7601 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5939) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``of
                            Agriculture; and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (ii) by striking clause (iii); and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``the roadmap
                    for agricultural research, education, and extension
                    authorized by section 7504 of the Food, Conservation,
                    and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7614a)'' and inserting
                    ``the national research policies and priorities set
                    forth in section 1402 of the National Agricultural
                    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
                    U.S.C. 3101)'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(2)(C)(i)--
                        (A) in subclause (I), by striking ``National
                    Academy of Sciences'' and inserting ``National
                    Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and
                    Economics Advisory Board established under section 1408
                    of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
                    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123)''; and
                        (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``industry'' and
                    inserting ``national farm, producer, or research
                    organizations''; and
                (3) in subsection (f)(3)(B)(i)--
                        (A) in subclause (I)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding item (aa), by
                            striking ``and post online'' and inserting
                            ``online and submit to the Committee on
                            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
                            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                            Forestry of the Senate'';
                                (ii) in item (bb), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (iii) in item (cc), by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                                ``(dd) the source and a
                                            description of all gifts to the
                                            Foundation of real or personal
                                            property;
                                                ``(ee) the source and
                                            amount of each gift to the
                                            Foundation of money, including
                                            a specification of any
                                            restrictions on the purposes
                                            for which a gift to the
                                            Foundation may be used;
                                                ``(ff) the source and
                                            amount of any Federal or State
                                            grant, contract, or cooperative
                                            agreement awarded to the
                                            Foundation;
                                                ``(gg) an accounting of the
                                            use of funds made available
                                            under subsection (g)(1);
                                                ``(hh) a description of the
                                            Foundation's outreach
                                            activities to agricultural
                                            stakeholders and potential
                                            research partners; and
                                                ``(ii) a description of the
                                            Foundation's consultation
                                            process with the Department
                                            under subsection (d)(1)(B).'';
                        (B) by striking subclauses (II) and (III); and
                        (C) by redesignating subclause (IV) as subclause
                    (II).

    SEC. 7602. AGRICULTURE INNOVATION CENTER DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

        Section 6402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 1632b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``Each Agriculture
                            Innovation Center'' and inserting ``Subject to
                            paragraph (3), each Agriculture Innovation
                            Center''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``following::'' and
                            inserting ``following:''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the requirement
            described in paragraph (2) with respect to an eligible entity
            if the Secretary determines that the eligible entity has a
            board of directors adequate for the purpose of carrying out
            this section.''; and
                (2) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 7603. LIVESTOCK INSECTS LABORATORY.

        The Act of December 23, 1987 (Public Law 100-208; 101 Stat. 1439)
    is amended by striking ``Knipling-Bushland Research Laboratory'' each
    place it appears and inserting ``Knipling-Bushland Research Center''.

    SEC. 7604. HATCH ACT OF 1887.

        Section 5 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361e) is amended--
                (1) in the second sentence--
                        (A) by striking ``known as a director'' and
                    inserting ``known as an experiment station director'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``or other officer appointed by the
                    government board of the station'';
                (2) in the third sentence, by striking ``or other
            officer''; and
                (3) by striking ``the authorized receiving officer'' and
            inserting ``the experiment station director''.

    SEC. 7605. COMMISSION ON NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE
                  MODERNIZATION.

        (a) Establishment.--There is established a commission to be known
    as the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service
    Modernization (referred to in this section as the ``Commission'').
        (b) Study.--The Commission shall conduct a study of the National
    Agricultural Statistics Service and provide recommendations on--
                (1) how data collection can be modernized and streamlined
            to--
                        (A) improve the quality of statistics reported;
                        (B) account for differences of national, regional,
                    and local production;
                        (C) accelerate adoption of new and innovative
                    technologies to reduce the number of surveys needed;
                        (D) improve producer response rates in statistical
                    surveys and identifying ways to reduce survey fatigue;
                        (E) increase transparency and confidence in
                    statistical reports through improved collaboration with
                    agricultural stakeholders;
                        (F) use more real-time statistical and
                    environmental data to complement existing survey-based
                    data and reporting; and
                        (G) improve collection and generation of timely
                    data on the specialty crop industry; and
                (2) how the recommendations under paragraph (1) with
            respect to modernizing and streamlining data collection can be
            implemented and the estimated costs of such implementation.
        (c) Membership.--
                (1) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 11
            members, as follows:
                        (A) The Administrator of the National Agricultural
                    Statistics Service.
                        (B) The Administrator of the Economic Research
                    Service.
                        (C) The Chief Economist of the Department.
                        (D) The Chair of the World Agricultural Outlook
                    Board of the Department.
                        (E) A representative from the Bureau of Labor
                    Statistics.
                        (F) 3 members appointed by the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, of
                    which--
                                (i) 1 shall be appointed by the chair of
                            the Committee;
                                (ii) 1 shall be appointed by the ranking
                            member of the Committee; and
                                (iii) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the
                            chair and ranking member of the Committee.
                        (G) 3 members appointed by the Committee on
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives, of which--
                                (i) 1 shall be appointed by the chair of
                            the Committee;
                                (ii) 1 shall be appointed by the ranking
                            member of the Committee; and
                                (iii) 1 shall be appointed jointed by the
                            chair and ranking member of the Committee.
                (2) Date of appointments.--The appointment of all members
            of the Commission shall be made not later than 60 days after
            the date of enactment of this Act.
                (3) Term; vacancies.--
                        (A) Term.--A member shall be appointed for the life
                    of the Commission.
                        (B) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission--
                                (i) shall not affect the powers of the
                            Commission; and
                                (ii) shall be filled in the same manner as
                            the original appointment was made.
                (4) Initial meeting.--Not later than 60 days after the date
            on which all members of the Commission have been appointed, the
            Commission shall hold the initial meeting of the Commission.
        (d) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall
    constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a lesser
    number of members may hold hearings.
        (e) Chair.--The Chair of the Commission shall be selected by a
    majority of the members of the Commission.
        (f) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Commission shall submit to the President, the Committee
    on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report containing
    the results of the study required by subsection (b), including--
                (1) an inventory of surveys conducted by the Commission,
            and the frequency with which they are conducted; and
                (2) such recommendations for administrative, regulatory,
            and legislative changes as the Commission considers
            appropriate.
        (g) Hearings.--The Commission shall hold such hearings, meet and
    act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such
    evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out this
    section.
        (h) Stakeholder Engagement.--The Commission shall establish a
    process to collect feedback from agricultural stakeholders to inform
    the results of the study required under subsection (b) and the report
    required under subsection (f).
        (i) Information From Federal Agencies.--The Commission may secure
    directly from a Federal agency such information as the Commission
    considers necessary to carry out this section. On request of the
    Chairperson of the Commission, the head of the agency shall provide the
    information to the Commission.
        (j) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mail
    in the same manner and under the same conditions as other agencies of
    the Federal Government.
        (k) Assistance From Secretary.--The Secretary shall provide to the
    Commission appropriate office space and such reasonable administrative
    and support services as the Commission may request.
        (l) Compensation of Members.--
                (1) Non-federal employees.--A member of the Commission who
            is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall
            be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the
            annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the
            Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States
            Code, for each day (including travel time) during which the
            member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the
            Commission.
                (2) Federal employees.--A member of the Commission who is
            an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall serve
            without compensation in addition to the compensation received
            for the services of the member as an officer or employee of the
            Federal Government.
                (3) Travel expenses.--A member of the Commission shall be
            allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
            subsistence, at rates authorized for an employee of an agency
            under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States
            Code, while away from the home or regular place of business of
            the member in the performance of the duties of the Commission.
        (m) Federal Advisory Committee Act.--Sections 1009 and 1013 of
    title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to the Commission or any
    proceeding of the Commission.
        (n) Termination.--The Commission shall terminate on September 30,
    2029.
        (o) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the
    Secretary shall use to carry out this section $1,000,000 for fiscal
    year 2025, to remain available until expended.

    SEC. 7606. RESTORATION OF 4-H NAME AND EMBLEM AUTHORITY.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) 4-H club.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``4-H club'' means a 4-H
                    club recognized under the 4-H Program.
                        (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H club'' includes an
                    authorized agent of a 4-H club.
                (2) 4-H emblem or name.--The term ``4-H emblem or name''
            means the 4-H sign or emblem, consisting of a green four-leaf
            clover with stem and the letter ``H'' in white or gold on each
            leaflet, and the words ``4-H'', ``4-H Club'', and ``4-H
            Clubs'', used to identify and distinguish the 4-H Program and
            the activities, clubs, members, goods, and services of the 4-H
            Program.
                (3) 4-H program.--The term ``4-H Program''--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``4-H Program'' means the
                    youth development program of the land-grant colleges or
                    universities, the Cooperative Extension System (as
                    defined by the Secretary), and the Department.
                        (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H Program'' includes
                    an authorized agent of the 4-H Program.
                (4) Land-grant college or university.--The term ``land-
            grant college or university''--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``land-grant college or
                    university'' means an 1862 Institution, an 1890
                    Institution, or a 1994 Institution (as those terms are
                    defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research,
                    Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C.
                    7601)).
                        (B) Inclusion.--The term ``land-grant college or
                    university'' includes an authorized agent of a land-
                    grant college or university.
        (b) Effect of Repeal; Ratification.--
                (1) Civil acts.--Any civil act or action of the 4-H
            Program, a 4-H club, the Secretary, or a land-grant college or
            university taken with respect to the use of the 4-H emblem or
            name, or the recognition of any 4-H club, during the period
            beginning on May 8, 1914, and ending on the date of enactment
            of this Act, is deemed to be of legal force and effect and
            ratified as if section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of
            2019 (title X of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat.
            2155) had not been enacted into law.
                (2) Effect on criminal law.--Nothing in this subsection
            affects the effect on criminal law of the repeal made by
            section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (title X
            of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 2155).
        (c) Authorizations for Use of 4-H Emblem or Name; Fees; Deposits.--
                (1) Authorization.--The Secretary may--
                        (A) use the 4-H emblem or name; and
                        (B) grant authorizations to use the 4-H emblem or
                    name, as provided by regulations issued by the
                    Secretary.
                (2) Fees.--An authorization under paragraph (1) may be
            granted--
                        (A) without a fee or other consideration; or
                        (B) for a fee or other consideration.
                (3) Use of fees.--The Secretary shall deposit into a
            special account any fees collected under paragraph (2)(B), the
            amounts in which shall remain available to the Secretary until
            expended, without further appropriation, for furthering the 4-H
            Program.
        (d) Unauthorized Use of 4-H Emblem or Name.--
                (1) Prohibition.--Whoever, other than the 4-H Program, a 4-
            H club, the Department, a land-grant college or university, and
            those authorized by them, uses in commerce the 4-H emblem or
            name or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable
            imitation of the 4-H emblem or name to indicate membership in
            an association, organization, or other collective group, or in
            connection with the sale, offering for sale, distribution, or
            advertising of goods or services, on or in connection with
            which that use is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake,
            or to deceive as to membership or participation in, an
            affiliation, connection, or association with, or authorization
            or approval by, a 4-H club or the 4-H Program, shall be subject
            to the civil action under paragraph (2).
                (2) Civil action.--The Attorney General, on behalf of the
            Secretary, or contract counsel procured by the Secretary, may
            bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the
            United States against whoever engages in any of the prohibited
            acts described in paragraph (1) for the remedies provided in
            the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly known as the ``Trademark Act
            of 1946'' or the ``Lanham Act'') (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.).
        (e) Savings Clauses.--
                (1) Prior authorized uses.--Nothing in this section makes
            unlawful the use of any emblem, name, sign, symbol, insignia,
            or words that was lawful on December 26, 2020.
                (2) Delegation.--Nothing in this section limits the
            authority of the Secretary to delegate the authority of the
            Secretary as otherwise authorized by law.

    SEC. 7607. UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND
                  ECONOMICS.

        Section 251 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' at the
                    end and inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) be responsible for the coordination of research
            activities with other Federal agencies.'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(3)(C), by striking ``not less than 3
            years'' and inserting ``not less than 1 year'';
                (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
        ``(f) Interagency Coordination.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out cross-
            cutting and collaborative research and development activities
            focused on the joint advancement of the mission requirements
            and priorities of the Department of Agriculture and other
            Federal agencies.
                ``(2) Memoranda of understanding.--
                        ``(A) Department of energy.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year
                            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
                            and National Security Act of 2024, the
                            Secretary and the Secretary of Energy (referred
                            to in this subparagraph as the `Secretaries')
                            shall coordinate the activities under paragraph
                            (1) through the establishment of memoranda of
                            understanding or other appropriate interagency
                            agreements. Such a memorandum or such an
                            agreement shall require the use of a
                            competitive, merit-reviewed process as
                            appropriate. Activities may include components
                            proposed by Federal agencies, National
                            Laboratories, institutions of higher education,
                            nonprofit organizations, and other entities
                            deemed appropriate under the memorandum or
                            agreement.
                                ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the
                            activities under paragraph (1), the Secretaries
                            may--
                                        ``(I) conduct collaborative
                                    research in a variety of focus areas;
                                        ``(II) develop methods to
                                    accommodate large voluntary
                                    standardized and integrated data sets
                                    on agricultural, environmental, supply
                                    chain, and economic information with
                                    variable accuracy and scale;
                                        ``(III) promote collaboration and
                                    open community-based development
                                    between--
                                                ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                                ``(bb) National
                                            Laboratories;
                                                ``(cc) institutions of
                                            higher education (as defined in
                                            section 101 of the Higher
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20
                                            U.S.C. 1001));
                                                ``(dd) nonprofit
                                            institutions;
                                                ``(ee) industry partners;
                                            and
                                                ``(ff) other entities
                                            deemed appropriate under the
                                            memorandum or agreement
                                            involved;
                                        ``(IV) support research
                                    infrastructure, including new
                                    facilities and equipment, and workforce
                                    development as the Secretaries
                                    determine necessary;
                                        ``(V) conduct collaborative
                                    research, development, and
                                    demonstration of methods and
                                    technologies; and
                                        ``(VI) facilitate relations between
                                    public and private entities to carry on
                                    the activities of this clause upon the
                                    termination of any agreement
                                    established under this subparagraph.
                                ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the
                            activities under this subparagraph, the
                            Secretaries are authorized to--
                                        ``(I) carry out reimbursable
                                    agreements between the Department of
                                    Agriculture, the Department of Energy,
                                    and other entities in order to maximize
                                    the effectiveness of research and
                                    development; and
                                        ``(II) collaborate with other
                                    Federal agencies, as appropriate.
                        ``(B) National science foundation.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year
                            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
                            and National Security Act of 2024, the
                            Secretary and the Director of the National
                            Science Foundation (referred to in this
                            subparagraph as the ``Director'') shall
                            coordinate the activities under paragraph (1)
                            through the establishment of memoranda of
                            understanding or other appropriate interagency
                            agreements. Such a memorandum or such an
                            agreement shall require the use of a
                            competitive, merit-reviewed process as
                            appropriate. Activities may include components
                            proposed by Federal agencies, institutions of
                            higher education, nonprofit organizations, and
                            other entities deemed appropriate under the
                            memorandum or agreement.
                                ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the
                            activities under paragraph (1), the Secretary
                            and the Director may--
                                        ``(I) conduct collaborative
                                    research in a variety of focus areas;
                                        ``(II) promote collaboration and
                                    open, community-based development
                                    between--
                                                ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                                ``(bb) institutions of
                                            higher education;
                                                ``(cc) community colleges
                                            (as defined in section 3167B of
                                            the Energy Science Education
                                            Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C.
                                            7381c-3));
                                                ``(dd) area career and
                                            technical education schools (as
                                            defined in section 3 of the
                                            Carl D. Perkins Career and
                                            Technical Education Act of 2006
                                            (20 U.S.C. 2302));
                                                ``(ee) nonprofit
                                            institutions;
                                                ``(ff) industry partners;
                                            and
                                                ``(gg) other entities
                                            deemed appropriate under the
                                            memorandum or agreement;
                                        ``(III) support research
                                    infrastructure, including new
                                    facilities, equipment and broadband
                                    deployment, as the Secretary and
                                    Director determine necessary;
                                        ``(IV) develop translational
                                    technologies for commercial
                                    utilization;
                                        ``(V) organize education, training,
                                    and research initiatives relating to
                                    STEM education and workforce
                                    development, which may include--
                                                ``(aa) activities supported
                                            by the Cooperative Extension
                                            System;
                                                ``(bb) industrial
                                            partnership programs;
                                                ``(cc) workshops for
                                            educating kindergarten through
                                            grade 12 teachers on how to
                                            increase agricultural literacy;
                                                ``(dd) development of
                                            agricultural-based science
                                            curricula for kindergarten
                                            through grade 12 students; and
                                                ``(ee) distribution of
                                            resources for educators to
                                            implement curricula; and
                                        ``(VI) facilitate relationships
                                    between public and private entities to
                                    carry on the activities under this
                                    clause upon the termination of any
                                    agreement established under this
                                    subparagraph.
                                ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the
                            activities under this subparagraph, the
                            Secretary and the Director are authorized to--
                                        ``(I) carry out reimbursable
                                    agreements between the Department of
                                    Agriculture, the National Science
                                    Foundation, and other entities in order
                                    to maximize the effectiveness of
                                    research and development; and
                                        ``(II) collaborate with other
                                    Federal agencies as appropriate.
                        ``(C) Other federal agencies.--In addition to the
                    memoranda of understanding with Federal agencies
                    described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary
                    shall, as appropriate, enter into memoranda of
                    understanding with the heads of other Federal agencies
                    to coordinate the activities under paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024,
            the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional
            committees a report detailing--
                        ``(A) interagency coordination between each Federal
                    agency involved in the research and development
                    activities carried out under this section;
                        ``(B) potential opportunities to expand the
                    technical capabilities of each Federal agency involved
                    in the research and development activities carried out
                    under this section;
                        ``(C) collaborative research achievements;
                        ``(D) areas of future mutually beneficial
                    successes;
                        ``(E) continuation of coordination activities
                    between each Federal agency involved in the research
                    and development activities carried out under this
                    section;
                        ``(F) potential opportunities for additional
                    memoranda of understanding with other Federal agencies;
                    and
                        ``(G) any additional information as the Secretary
                    deems appropriate.
                ``(4) Research security.--The activities authorized under
            this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with
            subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development,
            Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of the
            CHIPS Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et
            seq.)).''.

    SEC. 7608. AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION CORPS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish an Agricultural
    Innovation Corps (referred to in this section as the ``Ag I-Corps'') to
    promote technology transfer and increase the economic impact of
    federally-funded research through--
                (1) supporting agricultural researchers, students, and
            institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of
            the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), in
            exploring the commercial potential of technologies developed in
            laboratories through a standardized entrepreneurial training
            program; and
                (2) bringing together Agriculture Research Service
            researchers and institutions of higher education within a
            distinct geographical region to collaborate and deliver a
            standardized entrepreneurial training curriculum.
        (b) Eligibility.--Agricultural researchers, students, and
    institutions of higher education receiving funds from the Department
    shall be eligible to participate in Ag I-Corps.
        (c) Follow-on Grants.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary may make funds available
            from the Small Business Innovation Research Program for
            competitive grants to Ag I-Corps participants to help support--
                        (A) prototype or proof-of-concept development; and
                        (B) such activities as the Secretary considers
                    necessary to build local, regional, and national
                    infrastructure for agricultural entrepreneurship.
                (2) Limitation.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be
            limited to participants in Ag I-Corps with innovations that,
            because of the early stage of development of such innovations,
            are not eligible to participate in a Small Business Innovation
            Research Program or Small Business Technology Transfer Program
            (as defined in section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C.
            638)).
        (d) Partnerships.--The Secretary may engage in partnerships with
    other Federal agencies, State and local governments, economic
    development organizations, and nonprofit organizations to provide
    access to Ag I-Corps to support entrepreneurship education and training
    for agricultural researchers, students, and institutions of higher
    education under this section.
        (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2025, and not less
    frequently than once every other year, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
    report on the efficacy of Ag I-Corps, including metrics on the
    effectiveness of the program.

                              TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

            Subtitle A--Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978

    SEC. 8101. SUPPORT FOR STATE ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR FOREST
                  RESOURCES.

        Section 2A(f) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
    (16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``to carry out this
            section'' and all that follows through the period at the end
            and inserting the following: ``the Secretary may use any other
            funds made available under this Act to develop and implement
            the State-wide assessment and State-wide strategy required by
            subsection (a), except that the total amount of combined
            funding used to develop and implement such assessment and
            strategy may not exceed $10,000,000 in any fiscal year.''.

    SEC. 8102. FOREST LEGACY PROGRAM TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

        Section 7(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
    (16 U.S.C. 2103c) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the State of
            Vermont'' and inserting ``any State''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B)(ii), in the matter preceding
            subclause (I), by striking ``of Vermont'' and inserting
            ``involved''.

    SEC. 8103. STATE AND PRIVATE FOREST LANDSCAPE-SCALE RESTORATION
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 13A(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of
    1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109a(l)(3)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

              Subtitle B--Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

    SEC. 8201. DEFINITION OF AT-RISK COMMUNITY.

        Section 101(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6511(1)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(1) At-risk community.--The term `at-risk community'
            means an area that is comprised of--
                        ``(A) an interface community as defined in the
                    notice entitled `Wildland Urban Interface Communities
                    Within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High
                    Risk From Wildfire' issued by the Secretary of
                    Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior in
                    accordance with title IV of the Department of the
                    Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001
                    (114 Stat. 1009) (66 Fed. Reg. 753, January 4, 2001);
                    or
                        ``(B) a group of homes or other structures with
                    basic infrastructure and services (such as utilities
                    and collectively maintained transportation routes) at
                    risk from wildfire as recognized by a local, State,
                    regional, Tribal, territorial, or national wildfire
                    risk assessment.''.

    SEC. 8202. PROMOTING CROSS-BOUNDARY WILDFIRE MITIGATION.

        Section 103(e)(5) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6513(e)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 8203. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS FUEL REDUCTION
                  ON FEDERAL LAND.

        Section 108 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6518) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 8204. WATER SOURCE PROTECTION PROGRAM.

        Section 303 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6542(g)(4)(B)) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (2) through (8), respectively;
                        (B) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(1) Adjacent land.--The term `adjacent land' means non-
            Federal land, including State, local, and private land, that is
            adjacent to, and within the same watershed as, National Forest
            System land on which a watershed protection and restoration
            project is carried out under this section.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) and
                            (H) as subparagraphs (K) and (L), respectively;
                            and
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (F)
                            the following:
                        ``(G) an acequia association;
                        ``(H) a local, regional, or other public entity
                    that manages stormwater or wastewater resources or
                    other related water infrastructure;
                        ``(I) a land-grant mercedes;
                        ``(J) a local, regional, or other private entity
                    that has water delivery authority;'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and
                    inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Requirements.--A watershed protection and restoration
            project under the Program shall be designed to--
                        ``(A) protect and restore watershed health, water
                    supply and quality, a municipal or agricultural water
                    supply system, and water-related infrastructure;
                        ``(B) protect and restore forest health from insect
                    infestation and disease or wildfire; or
                        ``(C) advance any combination of the purposes
                    described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
                ``(3) Priorities.--In selecting watershed protection and
            restoration projects under the Program, the Secretary shall
            give priority to projects that would--
                        ``(A) provide risk management benefits associated
                    with: drought; wildfire; post-wildfire conditions;
                    extreme weather; flooding; resilience to climate
                    change; and watershed and fire resilience, including
                    minimizing risks to watershed health, water supply and
                    quality, and water-related infrastructure, including
                    municipal and agricultural water supply systems;
                        ``(B) support aquatic restoration and conservation
                    efforts that complement existing or planned forest
                    restoration or wildfire risk reduction efforts; or
                        ``(C) provide quantifiable benefits to water supply
                    or quality and include the use of nature-based
                    solutions, such as restoring wetland and riparian
                    ecosystems.
                ``(4) Conditions for projects on adjacent land.--
                        ``(A) In general.--No project or activity may be
                    carried out under this section on adjacent land unless
                    the owner of the adjacent land agrees in writing that
                    the owner is a willing and engaged partner in carrying
                    out that project or activity.
                        ``(B) Effect.--Nothing in this section shall be
                    construed to authorize any change in--
                                ``(i) the ownership of adjacent land on
                            which a project or activity is carried out
                            under this section; or
                                ``(ii) the management of adjacent land on
                            which a project or activity is carried out
                            under this section, except during the carrying
                            out of that project or activity.'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``with end water
                    users'' and inserting ``with end water users to protect
                    and restore the condition of National Forest watersheds
                    and adjacent land that provide water--
                        ``(A) to the end water users subject to the
                    agreement; or
                        ``(B) for the benefit of another end water user.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``or''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
                            subparagraph (E); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) a good neighbor agreement entered into under
                    section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C.
                    2113a); or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Cooperation with non-federal partners.--The Secretary
            shall cooperate with non-Federal partners in carrying out
            assessments, planning, project design, and project
            implementation under this section.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Requirement.--A water source management plan shall
            be--
                        ``(A) designed to protect and restore ecological
                    integrity (as defined in section 219.19 of title 36,
                    Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date
                    of enactment of this subparagraph));
                        ``(B) based on the best available scientific
                    information; and
                        ``(C) conducted in a manner consistent with the
                    forest plan applicable to the National Forest System
                    land on which the watershed protection and restoration
                    project is carried out.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Reducing redundancy.--An existing watershed plan,
            such as a watershed protection and restoration action plan
            developed under section 304(a)(3), or other applicable
            watershed planning documents as approved by the Secretary may
            be used as the basis for a water source management plan under
            this subsection.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``primary purpose
            of'' and all that follows through the period at the end and
            inserting ``primary purpose of advancing any of the purposes
            described in subsection (b)(2).'';
                (6) in subsection (g), by amending paragraph (2) to read as
            follows:
                ``(2) Matching funds required.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
                    Secretary shall require the contribution of funds or
                    in-kind support from non-Federal partners to be in an
                    amount that is not less than 50 percent of the amount
                    of Federal funds.
                        ``(B) Waiver.--The requirement in subparagraph (A)
                    may be waived at the discretion of the Secretary.'';
                    and
                (7) in subsection (g)(4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2019 through
                    2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Set-aside for partner participation in
                    planning and technical assistance.--Of the amounts made
                    available under subparagraph (B) to carry out this
                    section for each fiscal year, the Secretary may not use
                    more than 10 percent for non-Federal partner planning
                    and technical assistance efforts in developing or
                    implementing a water source management plan under
                    subsection (d).''.

    SEC. 8205. WATERSHED CONDITION FRAMEWORK TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        Section 304(a) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6543(a)) is amended in paragraphs (3) and (5) by striking
    ``protection and''.

    SEC. 8206. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO COMBAT INSECT
                  INFESTATIONS AND RELATED DISEASES.

        Section 406 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6556) is amended by striking ``October 1, 2023'' and inserting
    ``October 1, 2029''.

    SEC. 8207. INSECT AND DISEASE INFESTATION.

        Section 602(d)(2) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6591a(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 8208. STEWARDSHIP END RESULT CONTRACTING PROJECTS.

        Section 604 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6591c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, including retaining
            and expanding existing forest products infrastructure'' before
            the period at the end;
                (2) in subsection (d)(3)(B), by striking ``10'' and
            inserting ``20''; and
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by striking ``Other Laws.--'' and all that
                    follows through ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting
                    ``Other Laws.--Notwithstanding''; and
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (B).

                      Subtitle C--Other Forestry Programs

    SEC. 8301. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL AGROFORESTRY CENTERS.

        Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended--
                (1) by striking the section heading and inserting
            ``national and regional agroforestry centers'';
                (2) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as
            subsections (b), (d), (e), and (h), respectively;
                (3) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(a) Definition of Agroforestry.--In this section, the term
    `agroforestry' means a management system that intentionally integrates
    trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to build more
    profitable and weather-resilient farms, ranches, and communities,
    address natural resource concerns and conservation needs, and establish
    productive and sustainable land use practices, including--
                ``(1) riparian forest buffers;
                ``(2) alley cropping;
                ``(3) silvopasture;
                ``(4) forest farming and multistory cropping; and
                ``(5) windbreaks, shelterbelts, hedgerows, and, where
            applicable, field borders, and living snow fences.'';
                (4) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Semiarid'' and inserting ``National'';
                        (B) by inserting ``(referred to in this section as
                    the `Secretary')'' after ``Secretary of Agriculture'';
                        (C) by striking ``Semiarid Agroforestry Research,
                    Development, and Demonstration Center (hereafter
                    referred to in this section as the `Center')'' and
                    inserting ``National Agroforestry Research,
                    Development, and Demonstration Center''; and
                        (D) by striking ``subsection (b)'' and inserting
                    ``subsection (d)'';
                (5) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(c) Regional Agroforestry Centers.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service, shall, subject to the
            availability of appropriations, establish 1 or more regional
            agroforestry centers to advance agroforestry research,
            outreach, technical assistance, and adoption.
                ``(2) Director.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service, shall appoint a Director to
            manage and coordinate the 1 or more regional agroforestry
            centers established under paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Location.--In selecting the locations for the 1 or
            more regional agroforestry centers under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall prioritize locations at which the Department of
            Agriculture has, on the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
            and National Security Act of 2024, at least 1 employee
            providing coordination among a diverse group of research
            institutions and other partners.
                ``(4) Administration.--Regional agroforestry centers
            established under paragraph (1) shall by administered by the
            National Agroforestry Center.'';
                (6) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``the Center'' and
                            inserting ``each of the centers established
                            under subsections (b) and (c) (referred to in
                            this section as the `Centers')'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and organizations''
                            after ``nonprofit foundations''; and
                                (iii) by inserting ``demonstration
                            projects,'' after ``studies,'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands that''
                            and inserting ``that build soil health and'';
                            and
                                (ii) by inserting ``, including
                            agroforestry systems on semiarid land and other
                            fragile agroecosystems where permanent woody
                            perennial plant communities can enhance carbon
                            sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas
                            emissions'' before the semicolon;
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``forestry
                    products for commercial sale from semiarid land'' and
                    inserting ``agroforestry products for commercial
                    sale'';
                        (D) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) by striking ``in semiarid regions'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``the Great Plains
                            region'' and inserting ``particular regions'';
                        (E) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``technical
                    assistance, demonstration projects, and'' before
                    ``technology'';
                        (F) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (11) as
                    paragraphs (8) through (12), respectively;
                        (G) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(6) develop improved silvopasture, alley cropping, forest
            farming, multistory cropping, riparian buffer, windbreak and
            shelterbelt, and other perennial production and conservation
            systems and technologies to improve soil health, carbon
            sequestration, drought preparedness, soil and water
            conservation, environmental quality, and biological diversity;
                ``(7) address barriers to the adoption of agroforestry
            practices, including--
                        ``(A) insufficient access to plant material;
                        ``(B) insufficient infrastructure to contain
                    equipment and plant material;
                        ``(C) insufficient machinery to implement
                    agroforestry practices;
                        ``(D) insufficient technical service assistance;
                    and
                        ``(E) insufficient research related to agroforestry
                    systems, including silvopasture and alley cropping;'';
                        (H) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``on semiarid lands'';
                        (I) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``on semiarid lands worldwide'' and inserting
                    ``worldwide, including on semiarid land''; and
                        (J) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated)--
                                (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``and extreme weather''
                            after ``pollution'';
                (7) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``the Center'' and inserting ``each of the
                    Centers'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``forestry'' and inserting
                            ``forestry, agroforestry,''; and
                                (ii) by striking the period at the end and
                            inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) facilitate agroforestry adoption by disseminating
            comprehensive information on Federal, State, local, and Tribal
            programs that provide support for agroforestry.'';
                (8) by inserting after subsection (e) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(f) Regional Support.--The Secretary shall provide targeted
    regional support for agroforestry projects, including demonstration
    sites.
        ``(g) Survey.--Not later than 5 years after the date of the
    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 and
    every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct a National
    Agroforestry Producers Survey.''; and
                (9) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) by striking ``There are'' and inserting ``In
                    addition to amounts otherwise available, there is'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``$5,000,000 for each of fiscal
                    years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$7,000,000
                    for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 8302. NATIONAL FOREST FOUNDATION ACT.

        (a) Matching Funds.--Section 405(b) of the National Forest
    Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-3(b)) is amended by striking ``2023''
    and inserting ``2029''.
        (b) White Oak Restoration Fund.--Section 409 of the National Forest
    Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-7) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``The activities'' and inserting the
            following:
        ``(a) In General.--The activities''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) White Oak Restoration Fund.--
                ``(1) In general.--Funds described in paragraph (2) shall
            be made available for activities--
                        ``(A) on national forests that are approved by the
                    Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
                    Service; and
                        ``(B) to--
                                ``(i) re-establish white oak forests where
                            appropriate;
                                ``(ii) improve management of existing white
                            oak forests to foster natural regeneration of
                            white oak;
                                ``(iii) improve and expand white oak
                            nursery stock; and
                                ``(iv) adapt and improve white oak
                            seedlings.
                ``(2) Fund.--The National Forest Foundation may accept
            gifts, devises, or bequests for the purposes of carrying out
            the activities specified in paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Summary.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the
            enactment of this section, the National Forest Foundation shall
            include in the budget justification materials submitted to
            Congress in support of the budget of each such Foundation for
            each fiscal year (as submitted with the budget of the President
            under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code) a
            summary of the activities carried out under paragraph (1) and
            the funds accepted under paragraph (2) that includes--
                        ``(A) the amount--
                                ``(i) accepted under paragraph (2) in the
                            preceding fiscal year; and
                                ``(ii) described in clause (i) that is
                            unobligated on the date of the report; and
                        ``(B) a description of the activities under
                    paragraph (1) funded during the preceding fiscal
                    year.''.
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 410(b) of the
    National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-8(b)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 8303. CONVEYANCES AND LEASES OF FOREST SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE
                  SITES.

        (a) Conveyance of Forest Service Administrative Sites.--Section
    503(f) of the Forest Service Facility Realignment and Enhancement Act
    of 2005 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 109-54) is amended by striking
    ``September 30, 2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 2029''.
        (b) Authorization for Lease of Forest Service Administrative
    Sites.--Section 8623 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16
    U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)(D), by striking ``dwelling;'' and
            inserting ``dwelling or multiunit dwelling;'';
                (2) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)(B)(ii)--
                                (i) in subclause (I), by inserting ``such
                            as housing,'' after ``improvements,'';
                                (ii) in subclause (II), by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (iii) in subclause (III), by striking
                            ``or'' at the end and inserting ``and''; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                        ``(IV) services occurring off the
                                    administrative site that--
                                                ``(aa) occur at another
                                            administrative site on the same
                                            or a different unit of the
                                            National Forest System in which
                                            the administrative site is
                                            located;
                                                ``(bb) benefit the National
                                            Forest System; and
                                                ``(cc) support activities
                                            occurring within the unit of
                                            the National Forest System in
                                            which the administrative site
                                            is located; or''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Lease term.--The term of a lease of an administrative
            site under this section shall be not greater than 100 years.'';
                (3) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by inserting ``(or other party)'' after
                    ``leaseholder''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``or constructed'' after
                    ``improved''; and
                (4) in subsection (i), by striking ``2023'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 8304. FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS.

        (a) In General.--Section 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable
    Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``their resources'' and inserting
                    ``the resources of those forests, including forest
                    carbon,'';
                        (B) by striking ``In compliance'' and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(A) In general.--In compliance''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Additional methods.--Under the program under
                    this subsection, the Secretary shall carry out, as a
                    data collection method--
                                ``(i) a national timber products output
                            survey; and
                                ``(ii) a national woodland owner survey.'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``including with
            respect to available forest carbon data,'' after ``2
            decades,'';
                (3) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``The
                    standards'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Inclusions.--The standards described in
                    subparagraph (A)'';
                        (B) by striking ``(4) national standards and
                    definitions.--To ensure'' and inserting the following:
                ``(4) National consistency.--
                        ``(A) Standards and definitions.--To ensure''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Terminology.--The Secretary shall include a
                    clear description of the definition of `forest' used
                    for purposes of reporting data from inventories and
                    analyses of forests and the resources of forests under
                    this subsection with--
                                ``(i) any data or report provided under the
                            program under this subsection;
                                ``(ii) Renewable Resource Assessments
                            prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and
                            Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of
                            1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(a)); and
                                ``(iii) any data or report provided to an
                            entity outside the United States.'';
                (4) in paragraph (6)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Not later than 180 days after the date of
                    enactment of this subsection,'' and inserting ``In
                    accordance with paragraph (7),''; and
                        (B) by striking subparagraphs (D) and (E) and
                    inserting the following:
                        ``(D) the organization and procedures necessary to
                    understand and report on changes in land cover and use;
                        ``(E) the organization and procedures necessary to
                    sample and evaluate carbon-related data variables,
                    including soil carbon, collected from forest inventory
                    and analysis plots, timber products output surveys, and
                    national woodland owner surveys to ensure that carbon
                    accounting information needs can be met; and''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Updates to strategic plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary
                    shall prepare an update to the strategic plan under
                    paragraph (6) to include--
                                ``(i) a plan to implement nationally
                            consistent data collection protocols and
                            procedures to improve the statistical precision
                            of base program estimates;
                                ``(ii) pathways to integrate and report on
                            status and trends in forest carbon pools,
                            including below-ground carbon;
                                ``(iii) plans, including the identification
                            of challenges, to collaborate with other
                            Federal agencies, non-Federal partners, and the
                            private sector to integrate existing nationally
                            available data sets and best available
                            commercial technologies, such as remote
                            sensing, spatial analysis techniques, and other
                            new technologies;
                                ``(iv) a plan to increase transparency and
                            clarity in reporting in accordance with
                            paragraph (4)(C);
                                ``(v) a plan to expand current data
                            collection, further integrate remote sensing
                            technology, or both, to include procedures to
                            improve the statistical precision of estimates
                            at the sub-State level;
                                ``(vi) a plan to expand current data
                            collection, further integrate remote sensing
                            technology, or both, to include information on
                            renewable biomass supplies and carbon stocks at
                            the local, State, regional, and national
                            levels, including by ownership type; and
                                ``(vii) such other matters as the Secretary
                            determines to be appropriate based on
                            recommendations of the Forest Inventory and
                            Analysis National User Group.
                        ``(B) Submission.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee
                    on Agriculture of the House of Representatives the
                    update to the strategic plan prepared under
                    subparagraph (A).
                        ``(C) Further updates.--Not later than 5 years
                    after the date on which the update is submitted under
                    subparagraph (B), and every 5 years thereafter, the
                    Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) prepare an additional update to the
                            strategic plan; and
                                ``(ii) submit the additional update to the
                            committees described in subparagraph (B).
                ``(8) Accessibility.--The Secretary shall ensure that data
            collected under this subsection is--
                        ``(A) easily accessible to all public- and private-
                    sector entities; and
                        ``(B) collected and made accessible using means
                    that ensure the confidentiality, in accordance with
                    section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C.
                    2276), of--
                                ``(i) plot locations;
                                ``(ii) nonaggregated data of woodland
                            owners; and
                                ``(iii) nonaggregated data from timber
                            product output survey.
                ``(9) Biennial compilations.--Biennially, the Secretary
            shall prepare and make publicly available a compilation of
            national forest inventory and analysis forest statistics, which
            shall be similar to the tables contained in the Renewable
            Resource Assessments prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest
            and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16
            U.S.C. 1601(a)), accompanied by relevant geospatial products.
                ``(10) External complex data requests.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an
                    office, a data platform, or team to process and respond
                    to complex data requests submitted by external
                    organizations relating to the program under this
                    subsection.
                        ``(B) Fees.--
                                ``(i) In general.--To cover the costs of
                            processing of and responding to complex data
                            requests described in subparagraph (A), the
                            Secretary may impose fees on external
                            organizations submitting the requests.
                                ``(ii) Fees collected.--Fees collected
                            under clause (i) may only be used for the
                            purposes described in such clause.
                ``(11) Reports.--Each year, the Secretary shall publish as
            part of the forest inventory and analysis business report a
            detailed description of the progress of the Secretary in
            implementing the programmatic elements of the strategic plan
            described in paragraph (6), including--
                        ``(A) the costs and priorities of the strategic
                    plan; and
                        ``(B) how the program under this subsection
                    leverages new technology, improves and standardizes
                    collection protocols, and increases workforce
                    capacity.''.
        (b) Remote Sensing Technologies.--Section 8632(1) of the
    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law
    115-334) is amended by striking ``technologies'' and inserting
    ``technologies, such as microwave, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and high-
    resolution remote sensing data, and advanced computing technologies for
    improved modeling to provide tabular statistical estimates and
    geospatial products,''.

    SEC. 8305. REFORESTATION, NURSERY, AND SEED ORCHARD SUPPORT.

        (a) Partnerships, Collaboration, and Other Assistance in Support of
    Nurseries and Seed Orchards.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief
    of the Forest Service, shall--
                (1) partner with Federal and State agencies, Indian Tribes,
            private nurseries, and other relevant entities to provide
            training, technical assistance, and research to nursery and
            tree establishment programs that support natural regeneration,
            reforestation, agroforestry, and afforestation;
                (2) promote information sharing to improve the technical
            knowledge, practices, and understanding of the demands, climate
            change impacts, and other issues necessary to address all
            facets of the reforestation pipeline;
                (3) provide technical and financial assistance to
            international nursery and tree establishment programs through--
                        (A) international programs conducted by the Forest
                    Service pursuant to the International Forestry
                    Cooperation Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.);
                        (B) the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry of
                    the Forest Service; and
                        (C) the International Institute of Tropical
                    Forestry of the Forest Service;
                (4) collaborate with other relevant Federal departments and
            agencies, including the Foreign Agricultural Service of the
            Department, the United States Agency for International
            Development, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of the
            Department of the Interior, and international organizations to
            provide technical and financial assistance related to nurseries
            and reforestation;
                (5) coordinate the efforts of the Department to--
                        (A) address the challenges associated with the
                    reforestation pipeline; and
                        (B) leverage economic development assistance for
                    work with private nurseries; and
                (6) expand science-based reforestation supply chains
            through research, seed collection and storage, and nursery
            infrastructure and operations in coordination with the
            Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service.
        (b) Nursery and Seed Orchard Financial Assistance.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program
            to provide grants to eligible recipients to support nurseries
            and seed orchards.
                (2) Eligible projects.--The Secretary may make a grant
            under this subsection to an eligible recipient for a project to
            carry out at least one of the following:
                        (A) Develop, expand, enhance, or improve nursery
                    production capacity or other infrastructure to--
                                (i) improve seed collection, processing,
                            and storage;
                                (ii) increase seedling production, storage,
                            and distribution; or
                                (iii) enhance seedling survival and
                            properly manage tree genetic resources.
                        (B) Establish, improve, or expand a nursery or seed
                    orchard, including by acquiring equipment for such
                    nursery or seed orchard.
                        (C) Develop or implement quality control measures
                    at nurseries or seed orchards.
                        (D) Promote workforce development within any facet
                    of the reforestation pipeline.
                        (E) Carry out such other activity as the Secretary
                    determines appropriate.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Eligible recipient.--The term ``eligible recipient''
            means--
                        (A) a State forestry agency;
                        (B) an Indian Tribe;
                        (C) a private nursery that has experience growing
                    high-quality native trees of appropriate genetic
                    sources in bareroot or container stocktypes specific
                    for reforestation, restoration, or conservation,
                    including native plants and seeds that are of cultural
                    significance to Indian Tribes;
                        (D) an institution of higher education (as defined
                    in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1001)); and
                        (E) a county or local government with a nursery or
                    seed orchard.
                (2) Nursery.--The term ``nursery'' means a tree or native
            plant nursery.
                (3) Seed orchard.--The term ``seed orchard'' means a tree
            or native plant seed orchard.
                (4) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several
            States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
            Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.
        (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.

                         Subtitle D--Forest Management

                   PART I--NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

    SEC. 8401. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR HIGH PRIORITY HAZARD TREES.

        (a) Categorical Exclusion.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Secretary shall develop a
            categorical exclusion (as defined in section 1508.4 of title
            40, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation))
            for high priority hazard tree activities.
                (2) Administration.--In developing and administering the
            categorical exclusion under paragraph (1), the Secretary
            shall--
                        (A) comply with the National Environmental Policy
                    Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and
                        (B) apply the extraordinary circumstances
                    procedures under section 220.6 of title 36, Code of
                    Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), in
                    determining whether to use the categorical exclusion.
        (b) Project Size Limitations.--A project under this section may not
    exceed 3,000 acres.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) High-priority hazard tree.--The term ``high-priority
            hazard tree'' means a standing tree that--
                        (A) presents a visible hazard to people or Federal
                    property due to conditions such as deterioration of or
                    damage to the root system, trunk, stem, or limbs of the
                    tree, or the direction or lean of the tree, as
                    determined by the Secretary;
                        (B) is determined by the Secretary to be highly
                    likely to fail and, if it failed, would be highly
                    likely to cause injury to people or damage to Federal
                    property; and
                        (C) is within 300 feet of a National Forest System
                    road with a maintenance level of 3, 4, or 5, a National
                    Forest System trail, or a developed recreation site on
                    National Forest System lands that is operated and
                    maintained by the Secretary.
                (2) High-priority hazard tree activities.--The term ``high
            priority hazard tree activities''--
                        (A) means forest management activities that
                    mitigate the risks associated with high-priority hazard
                    trees, including pruning, felling, and disposal of
                    those trees; and
                        (B) does not include any activity--
                                (i) conducted in a wilderness area or
                            wilderness study area;
                                (ii) for the construction of a permanent
                            road or permanent trail;
                                (iii) conducted on Federal land on which,
                            by Act of Congress or Presidential
                            proclamation, the removal of vegetation is
                            restricted or prohibited;
                                (iv) that would be inconsistent with the
                            applicable land and resource management plan;
                            or
                                (v) conducted in an inventoried roadless
                            area.

    SEC. 8402. COLLABORATIVE RESTORATION PROJECTS.

        Section 603(c)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6591b(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``3000 acres'' and
    inserting ``10,000 acres''.

    SEC. 8403. WILDFIRE RESILIENCE PROJECT SIZE.

        Section 605(c)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6591d(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``3000 acres'' and
    inserting ``10,000 acres''.

    SEC. 8404. FUEL BREAKS IN FORESTS AND OTHER WILDLAND VEGETATION.

        Section 40806(d)(1) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
    (16 U.S.C. 6592b(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``3,000 acres'' and
    inserting ``10,000 acres''.

    SEC. 8405. GREATER SAGE-GROUSE AND MULE DEER HABITAT.

         Section 606 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6591e) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A)--
                        (A) by striking clause (ii);
                        (B) by redesignating clauses (iii) through (vii) as
                    clauses (ii) through (vi), respectively; and
                        (C) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem'';
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``concurrently for both
            greater sage-grouse and'' and inserting ``for greater sage-
            grouse or'';
                (3) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
        ``(g) Limitation.--A covered vegetation management activity that is
    covered by the categorical exclusion under subsection (b) may not
    exceed 4,500 acres in a forested ecosystem or 7,500 acres in a
    rangeland ecosystem.''.

                     PART II--FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

    SEC. 8411. NO ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION REQUIRED.

        (a) Forest Service Plans.--Section 6(d)(2) of the Forest and
    Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C.
    1604(d)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) No additional consultation required under certain
            circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
            Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation
            under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16
            U.S.C. 1536(a)(2)) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of
            Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), on an approved
            land management plan prepared, amended, or revised under this
            section when, after the date of such approval, amendment, or
            revision--
                        ``(A) a species is listed as a threatened or
                    endangered species under section 4 of the Endangered
                    Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533);
                        ``(B) a critical habitat for a threatened or
                    endangered species is designated under that section; or
                        ``(C) new information concerning a threatened or
                    endangered species or critical habitat for such a
                    species becomes available.''.
        (b) Bureau of Land Management Plans.--Section 202 of the Federal
    Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1712) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) No Additional Consultation Required Under Certain
    Circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation under
    section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
    1536(a)(2)) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations
    (or a successor regulation), on an approved land management plan
    prepared, amended, or revised under this section when, after the date
    of such approval, amendment, or revision--
                ``(1) a species is listed as a threatened or endangered
            species under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973
            (16 U.S.C. 1533);
                ``(2) a critical habitat for a threatened or endangered
            species is designated under that section; or
                ``(3) new information concerning a threatened or endangered
            species or critical habitat for such a species becomes
            available.''.

    SEC. 8412. GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY.

        (a) Treating Tribes and Counties as Good Neighbors.--Section 8206
    of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(6), by striking ``or Indian tribe'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``, Indian
                    tribe,'' after ``Governor'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking clause (i) and
                    inserting the following:
                                ``(i) In general.--Funds received from the
                            sale of timber by a Governor, an Indian tribe,
                            or a county under a good neighbor agreement
                            shall be retained and used by the Governor,
                            Indian tribe, or county, as applicable--
                                        ``(I) to carry out authorized
                                    restoration services under the good
                                    neighbor agreement; and
                                        ``(II) if there are funds remaining
                                    after carrying out subclause (I), to
                                    carry out authorized restoration
                                    services under other good neighbor
                                    agreements.'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, Indian
                    tribe,'' after ``Governor''; and
                        (D) by striking paragraph (4).
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act
    of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting ``, Indian tribe,''
            after ``Governor''; and
                (2) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``, Indian tribe,''
            after ``Governor''.
        (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section apply to
    any project initiated pursuant to a good neighbor agreement (as defined
    in section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C.
    2113a(a)))--
                (1) before the date of enactment of this Act, if the
            project was initiated after the date of enactment of the
            Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132
            Stat. 4490); or
                (2) on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 8413. COLLABORATIVE FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PROGRAM.

        Section 4003 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (16
    U.S.C. 7303) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``or
                    pathogens'' after ``species'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (H), by adding ``and'' after
                    the semicolon at the end; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(I) address standardized monitoring questions and
                    indicators;'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) proposals that seek to use innovative
                    implementation mechanisms, including conservation
                    finance agreements, good neighbor agreements entered
                    into under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014
                    (16 U.S.C. 2113a), and similar implementation
                    mechanisms; and
                        ``(H) proposals that seek to reduce the risk of
                    uncharacteristic wildfire or increase ecological
                    restoration activities--
                                ``(i) within areas across land ownerships,
                            including State, Tribal, and private land; and
                                ``(ii) within the wildland-urban interface;
                            and
                        ``(I) proposals that seek to enhance watershed
                    health and drinking water sources.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                            follows:
                        ``(A) 4 proposals in any 1 region of the National
                    Forest System to be funded during any fiscal year;
                    and'';
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                            subparagraph (B); and
                (3) in subsection (f)(6), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 8414. PUBLIC-PRIVATE WILDFIRE TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT AND TESTBED
                  PARTNERSHIP.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Appropriate committees.--The term ``appropriate
            committees'' means--
                        (A) the Committees on Agriculture, Natural
                    Resources, and Science, Space, and Technology of the
                    House of Representatives; and
                        (B) the Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                    Forestry, Energy and Natural Resources, and Commerce,
                    Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
                (2) Covered agency.--The term ``covered agency'' means--
                        (A) the National Park Service;
                        (B) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
                        (C) the Bureau of Land Management;
                        (D) the Bureau of Reclamation;
                        (E) the Forest Service;
                        (F) the Department of Defense;
                        (G) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                    Administration;
                        (H) the United States Fire Administration;
                        (I) the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
                        (J) the National Aeronautics and Space
                    Administration;
                        (K) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; and
                        (L) any other Federal agency involved in wildfire
                    response.
                (3) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                        (A) a private entity;
                        (B) a nonprofit organization; or
                        (C) an institution of higher education (as defined
                    in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1001)).
                (4) Secretaries.--The term ``Secretaries'' means the
            Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior,
            acting jointly.
                (5) Pilot program.--The term ``Pilot Program'' means the
            deployment and testbed pilot program developed under subsection
            (b).
        (b) Deployment and Testbed Pilot Program Established.--Not later
    than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
    Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of the covered agencies,
    shall establish a deployment and testbed pilot program for new and
    innovative wildfire prevention, detection, communication, and
    mitigation technologies.
        (c) Functions.--In carrying out the Pilot Program, the Secretaries
    shall--
                (1) incorporate the Pilot Program into an existing
            interagency coordinating group on wildfires;
                (2) in consultation with the heads of covered agencies,
            identify key technology priority areas with respect to the
            deployment of wildfire prevention, detection, communication,
            and mitigation technologies, including--
                        (A) hazardous fuels reduction treatments or
                    activities;
                        (B) dispatch communications;
                        (C) remote sensing and tracking;
                        (D) safety equipment; and
                        (E) common operating pictures or operational
                    dashboards; and
                (3) partner with each covered entity selected to
            participate in the Pilot Program with the appropriate covered
            agency to coordinate real-time and on-the-ground testing of
            technology during wildland fire mitigation activities and
            training.
        (d) Applications.--To participate in the Pilot Program, a covered
    entity shall submit to the Secretaries an application at such time, in
    such manner, and containing such information as the Secretaries may
    require, which shall include a proposal to test technologies specific
    to key technology priority areas identified under subsection (c)(2).
        (e) Prioritization of Emerging Technologies.--In selecting covered
    entities to participate in the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall
    give priority to covered entities developing and applying emerging
    technologies that address issues identified by the Secretaries,
    including artificial intelligence, quantum sensing, computing and
    quantum-hybrid applications, augmented reality, and 5G private networks
    and device-to-device communications supporting nomadic mesh networks,
    for wildfire mitigation.
        (f) Outreach.--The Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of
    the covered agencies, shall make publicly available the key technology
    priority areas identified under subsection (c)(2) and invite covered
    entities to apply to test and demonstrate their technologies to address
    those priority areas.
        (g) Reports and Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after the
    date of the enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter for the
    duration of the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall submit to the
    appropriate committees a report that includes the following with
    respect to the Pilot Program:
                (1) A list of participating covered entities.
                (2) A brief description of the technologies tested by such
            covered entities.
                (3) An estimate of the cost of acquiring the technology
            tested in the program and applying it at scale.
                (4) Outreach efforts by Federal agencies to covered
            entities developing wildfire technologies.
                (5) Assessments of, and recommendations relating to, new
            technologies with potential adoption and application at-scale
            in Federal land management agencies' wildfire prevention,
            detection, communication, and mitigation efforts.
        (h) Termination.--The Pilot Program shall expire on September 30,
    2029.

    SEC. 8415. FOREST SERVICE PARTICIPATION IN EXPERIENCED SERVICES
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 8302 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 3851a) is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``aces'' and
            inserting ``experienced services'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``(a) In General.--'';
                        (B) by striking ``Agriculture Conservation''; and
                        (C) by inserting ``, professional, or
                    administrative'' after ``technical''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (b).

    SEC. 8416. TIMBER SALES ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LAND.

        Section 14 of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C.
    472a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d) by striking ``$10,000'' and inserting
            ``$50,000''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) In the event of extreme risks to a unit of National Forest
    System land, including catastrophic wildfire, insect and disease
    outbreak, wind, hurricane, flood, drought, or to avoid impacts from
    such extreme events, the Secretary may, without an appraisal and under
    such rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, dispose of by
    sale or otherwise, portions of trees, or forest products located on
    such unit of National Forest System lands.''.

    SEC. 8417. PERMITS AND AGREEMENTS WITH ELECTRICAL UTILITIES.

        (a) In General.--In any special use permit or easement on National
    Forest System lands provided to an electric utility company (as defined
    in section 1262 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16451)) the
    Secretary may provide permission to cut and remove trees or other
    vegetation from within the vicinity of distribution lines or
    transmission lines, including hazardous vegetation that increases fire
    risk, without requiring a separate timber sale if that cutting and
    removal is consistent with the applicable land management plan.
        (b) Use of Proceeds.--A special use permit or easement that
    includes permission for the cutting and removal of trees or other
    vegetation described in subsection (a), shall include a requirement
    that, if the applicable electrical utility sells any portion of the
    material removed under the permit or easement, the electrical utility
    shall provide to the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
    Service, any proceeds received from the sale, less any transportation
    costs incurred in the sale.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require the sale of any material removed under a special
    use permit or easement that includes permission for the cutting and
    removal of trees or other vegetation described in subsection (a).

    SEC. 8418. COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FOR PRESCRIBED FIRE.

        (a) Authority to Enter Into Agreements and Contracts for Prescribed
    Fire.--
                (1) Authorization.--The Secretary, the Secretary of the
            Interior, and the Secretary of Defense may each enter into a
            cooperative agreement or contract with an eligible entity, for
            a period of less than or equal to 10 years, that authorizes the
            eligible entity to coordinate, plan, or conduct a prescribed
            fire on Federal land or to conduct a prescribed fire training
            event.
                (2) Subcontracts.--A State, Indian Tribe, or county that
            enters into a cooperative agreement or contract under paragraph
            (1) may enter into a subcontract, in accordance with applicable
            contracting procedures of the State, Indian Tribe, or county,
            to conduct a prescribed fire on Federal land or to conduct a
            prescribed fire training event pursuant to that cooperative
            agreement or contract.
                (3) Applicable law.--A prescribed fire conducted under this
            subsection shall be carried out on a project-by-project basis
            under existing authorities of the applicable Federal agency
            responsible for the management of the Federal land.
                (4) Preservation of decision authority.--An eligible entity
            may not carry out a project authorized under this subsection
            pursuant to a cooperative agreement or contract without the
            prior written approval of each Secretary that entered in to
            such cooperative agreement or contract.
                (5) Definition of eligible entity.--In this subsection, the
            term ``eligible entity'' means a State, Indian Tribe, county or
            local government, Department of Defense military installation
            (as defined in section 2801(c) of title 10, United States
            Code), fire district, nongovernmental organization, or private
            entity.
        (b) Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 Amendments.--The Tribal
    Forest Protection Act of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a et seq.) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 3. TRIBAL PRESCRIBED BURN DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary may enter into a contract or
    agreement with an Indian tribe under this Act that provides for
    prescribed burns on Federal land under the additional authorities
    provided in this section.
        ``(b) Scope of Contract or Agreement.--Contracts or agreements
    entered into under this section may, notwithstanding any other
    provision of law--
                ``(1) utilize burn plans that, once approved by the
            Secretary, allow multiple prescribed burns to be conducted in
            accordance with the burn plan to eliminate the need for
            individual burn plans for each prescribed burn and enable
            forest managers to have the flexibility to conduct prescribed
            burns when conditions allow; and
                ``(2) include terms that--
                        ``(A) authorize the Secretary to delegate their
                    authority to an Indian tribe to plan, coordinate, and
                    execute prescribed burns on the behalf of the Secretary
                    within the scope of the burn plan including, but not
                    limited to, applying the National Wildfire Coordinating
                    Group standards for Prescribed Fire Planning and
                    Implementation, to the extent authorized by Federal
                    law;
                        ``(B) any applicable Federal standard that requires
                    a certain number of personnel to be on-hand during
                    prescribed burns may be satisfied by regional Federal,
                    State, or tribal resources and personnel; and
                        ``(C) where appropriate, the Secretary shall work
                    with other Federal agencies and Tribal, State, and
                    local governments to coordinate and communicate the
                    shared objectives of the prescribed burn and ensure
                    activities comply with applicable law and
                    regulations.''.
        (c) Cooperative Funds and Deposits Act Amendments.--Public Law 94-
    148 is amended--
                (1) in section 1 (16 U.S.C. 565a-1), by inserting
            ``prescribed fire and prescribed fire training events,'' after
            ``including fire protection,''; and
                (2) in section 2 (16 U.S.C. 565a-2), by inserting ``,
            section 3 of the Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004, or
            section 8418(a) of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
            2024'' after ``authorized by section 1''.

    SEC. 8419. UTILIZING GRAZING FOR WILDFIRE RISK REDUCTION.

        The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, in
    coordination with holders of permits to graze livestock on Federal
    land, shall develop a strategy to increase opportunities to utilize
    livestock grazing and associated rangeland improvements as a wildfire
    risk reduction strategy, including--
                (1) completing the reviews required under the National
            Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)) to
            allow permitted grazing on vacant grazing allotments during
            instances of drought, wildfire, or other natural disasters that
            disrupt grazing on allotments already permitted;
                (2) using targeted grazing;
                (3) increasing the use of all instruments applicable to
            grazing, including temporary permits, to promote targeted
            grazing to reduce fuels and invasive annual grasses; and
                (4) increasing the use of grazing as a postfire recovery
            and restoration strategy, where appropriate.

    SEC. 8420. JOINT CHIEFS LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 40808 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)(2), by inserting ``and at least once
            every 2 fiscal years thereafter'' after ``and 2023''; and
                (2) in subsection (h)(1), by striking ``and 2023'' and
            inserting ``through 2029''.

    SEC. 8421. TRIBAL FOREST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

        Section 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is
    amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``demonstration project''
            and inserting ``program''; and
                (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``demonstration projects
            by'' and inserting ``a program under''.

                          PART III--TIMBER INNOVATION

    SEC. 8431. COMMUNITY WOOD FACILITIES PROGRAM.

        Section 9013 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8113) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``community wood energy and
            wood innovation program'' and inserting ``community wood
            facilities program'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), in the matter
                    preceding subclause (I) by striking ``woody biomass,
                    including residuals'' and inserting ``primarily forest
                    biomass, including processing or manufacturing
                    residuals''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Community Wood
                    Energy and Wood Innovation Program'' and inserting
                    ``Community Wood Facilities Program'';
                (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``to be known as'' and
            all that follows through the period at the end and inserting
            ``to be known as the `Community Wood Facilities Program'.'';
                (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``exceed--'' in the
            matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through the
            period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ``exceed
            $5,000,000.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1);
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as
                    (1) through (7), respectively; and
                        (C) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated, by
                    inserting ``or market competitiveness'' after ``cost
                    effectiveness'';
                (6) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2);
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
                    paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``use or retrofitting (or both) of existing
                    sawmill'' and inserting ``construction, use or
                    retrofitting of forest products manufacturing'';
                (7) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5 megawatts of
                    thermal energy or combined thermal and electric
                    energy'' and inserting ``15 megawatts of thermal energy
                    or combined thermal and electric energy''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``25 percent''
                    and inserting ``50 percent''; and
                (8) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 8432. WOOD INNOVATION GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) Application to Transportation Costs.--Section 8643(b)(1) of the
    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(b)(1)) is amended
    by inserting ``, including the construction of new facilities that
    advance the purposes of the program and for the hauling of material
    removed to reduce hazardous fuels to locations where that material can
    be utilized'' before the period at the end.
        (b) Targeting to Support Economic Development, Enhanced Building
    Design, and Impact Assessment.--Section 8643(c) of the Agriculture
    Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(c)) is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(c) Targeting to Support Economic Development, Enhanced Building
    Design, and Impact Assessment.--In selecting among proposals of
    eligible entities under subsection (b)(2), the Secretary may give
    priority to proposals for projects that--
                ``(1) include the use or retrofitting (or both) of existing
            sawmill facilities located in counties in which the average
            annual unemployment rate exceeded the national average
            unemployment rate by more than 1 percent in the previous
            calendar year;
                ``(2) recognize or enhance carbon reduction strategies in
            building design and interior wood products, including forest
            impacts, which can be improved or by North American
            manufacturing; or
                ``(3) includes in the proposal of the entity an analysis of
            the benefits that forest management under the proposal will
            have on the resilience and economy of the community, including
            benefits associated with--
                        ``(A) wood products from anticipated wood supply
                    areas;
                        ``(B) wildfire risk reduction;
                        ``(C) increased fiber flow;
                        ``(D) the increase of forest or mill jobs; and
                        ``(E) support for forested communities.''.
        (c) Matching Requirement.--Section 8643(d) of the Agriculture
    Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(d)) is amended by inserting
    ``50 percent of'' before ``the amount''.

    SEC. 8433. FOREST AND WOOD PRODUCTS DATA TRACKER.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the
    Forest Service, in collaboration with the Chief of the Natural
    Resources Conservation Service and in consultation with federally-
    recognized Indian Tribes, State foresters, and private sector partners,
    shall establish a publicly available platform to provide measurement,
    monitoring, verification, and reporting data regarding the carbon
    emissions, sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of
    forest management and wood products.
        (b) Activities.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall source data, information, and data analysis from Department
    programs and interagency programs, including--
                (1) the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, including
            the Timber Products Output survey;
                (2) Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation
            Service soil carbon estimations;
                (3) the Forest Products Laboratory;
                (4) the Federal Life Cycle Assessment Commons;
                (5) Department entity level guidelines; and
                (6) other relevant programmatic data and information
            sources, as published and made available.
        (c) Priorities.--The platform established by subsection (a) shall
    provide tools that calculate--
                (1) the above- and below-ground forest carbon stocks and
            stock changes associated with species composition, forest
            management regime, and landowner types (including small area
            estimations for regional and localized geographies across the
            United States) made available through Forest Inventory and
            Analysis updates and annual reports;
                (2) the embodied carbon involved in the manufacture of
            products, using data from published environmental product
            declarations and life cycle assessments, updated as new and
            more refined data becomes available;
                (3) the long-term stored carbon in manufactured timber
            products; and
                (4) the carbon displacement of wood products, compared to
            other materials, using substitution factors.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to provide authority with respect to the generation, consumption, or
    trading of carbon or environmental credits from National Forest System
    lands in any voluntary or compliance environmental markets.

    SEC. 8434. BIOCHAR APPLICATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Biochar.--The term ``biochar'' means carbonized biomass
            produced by converting feedstock through reductive thermal
            processing with limited oxygen for non-fuel uses.
                (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                        (A) an individual;
                        (B) a public or private entity; or
                        (C) a State, local, or Tribal government.
                (3) Feedstock.--The term ``feedstock'' means excess woody
            and agricultural biomass in the form of plant matter or
            materials that serves as the raw material for the production of
            biochar.
                (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary,
            acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
        (b) Biochar Application Demonstration Projects.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall conduct
            performance-driven research and development, education,
            technical assistance, outreach, and demonstration projects for
            the purpose of facilitating the use of biochar, developing
            additional biochar applications, and commercializing biochar in
            accordance with this subsection.
                (2) Location of demonstration projects.--The Secretary
            shall, to the maximum extent practicable, establish a biochar
            application demonstration project in each Forest Service
            region.
                (3) Activities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall--
                        (A) conduct research and development, education,
                    technical assistance, outreach, and demonstration
                    projects--
                                (i) in close coordination with the Forest
                            Products Lab after receipt of input from the
                            forest products industry, conservation
                            organizations, and institutions of higher
                            education; and
                                (ii) that meets measurable performance
                            goals for the achievement of the priorities
                            described in paragraph (4); and
                        (B) enter into partnerships and provide financial
                    and technical assistance to carry out demonstration
                    projects with eligible entities that ---
                                (i) acquire and test various feedstocks and
                            their efficacy;
                                (ii) develop and optimize commercially and
                            technologically viable biochar production
                            units, including mobile and permanent units;
                                (iii) demonstrate the production of biochar
                            from forest residues and the use of biochar to
                            restore forest health and resiliency;
                                (iv) build, expand, or establish biochar
                            facilities;
                                (v) conduct research on new and innovative
                            uses of biochar or demonstrate cost-effective
                            market opportunities for biochar and biochar-
                            based products;
                                (vi) carry out any activities the Secretary
                            determines appropriate that meet the measurable
                            performance goals for the achievement of
                            priorities described in paragraph (4).
                (4) Priorities.--The research and development, education,
            technical assistance, outreach, and demonstration projects
            conducted under paragraph (1) shall give priority to--
                        (A) projects to improve the commercialization of
                    biochar and create the greatest potential for long-term
                    market growth;
                        (B) projects that create new jobs and contribute to
                    local economies, particularly in rural areas;
                        (C) projects demonstrating--
                                (i) new and innovative applications of
                            biochar;
                                (ii) viable markets for cost-effective
                            biochar-based products;
                                (iii) economic viability of production and
                            markets;
                                (iv) the ecosystem services of biochar;
                                (v) the benefits of biochar to restore
                            forest heath and resiliency, including for
                            forest soils and watersheds;
                                (vi) have the most carbon sequestration
                            potential; or
                                (vii) any combination of purposes specified
                            in clauses (i) through (vi); or
                        (D) projects located in local markets that have the
                    greatest need for the biochar production units--
                                (i) near forestlands identified as having
                            high or very high or extreme risk of wildfire,
                            forestlands experiencing significant die off
                            due to insects and diseases, forestlands
                            impacted by extreme weather events, or
                            forestlands needing soil or water quality
                            remediation;
                                (ii) near sufficient quantities of
                            feedstocks; or
                                (iii) where a high level of demand for
                            biochar or other commercial byproducts of
                            biochar exists.
        (c) Feedstock Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, a
    biochar application demonstration project under this subsection shall
    derive such feedstock from forest thinning and management activities
    conducted for science-based restoration on National Forest System
    lands, and other Federal, State, Tribal, and private forestlands,
    including mill residuals.
        (d) Timeframe.--To the maximum extent practicable, the measurable
    performance goals for the research and development, education,
    technical assistance, and demonstration projects conducted under
    subsection (a) shall be achievable within a 5-year timeframe.
        (e) Funding.--
                (1) Limitation.--In the case of an eligible entity that
            enters into a partnership to carry out a demonstration project
            under this section and seeks to establish a biochar facility
            under such demonstration project, the Secretary may not provide
            funding to such eligible entity in an amount greater than 35
            percent of the capital cost of establishing such biochar
            facility.
                (2) Funding source.--Funds made available to carry out the
            wood innovation grant program under section 8643 of the
            Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d) may also
            be used to carry out this section.

                         Subtitle E--Save Our Sequoias

    SEC. 8501. SHORT TITLE.

        This subtitle may be cited as the ``Save Our Sequoias Act''.

    SEC. 8502. DEFINITIONS.

        In this subtitle:
                (1) Assessment.--The term ``Assessment'' means the Giant
            Sequoia Health and Resiliency Assessment required by section
            8505.
                (2) Coalition.--The term ``Coalition'' means the Giant
            Sequoia Lands Coalition codified under section 8504(a).
                (3) Collaborative process.--The term ``collaborative
            process'' means a process relating to the management of covered
            National Forest system lands or covered public lands by which a
            project or forest management activity is developed and
            implemented by the Secretary concerned through collaboration
            with multiple interested persons representing diverse
            interests.
                (4) Covered national forest system lands.--The term
            ``covered National Forest System lands'' means the proclaimed
            National Forest System lands reserved or withdrawn from the
            public domain of the United States covering the Sequoia
            National Forest and Giant Sequoia National Monument, Sierra
            National Forest, and Tahoe National Forest.
                (5) Covered public lands.--The term ``covered public
            lands'' means--
                        (A) the Case Mountain Extensive Recreation
                    Management Area in California managed by the Bureau of
                    Land Management; and
                        (B) Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National
                    Park, and Yosemite National Park in California managed
                    by the National Park Service.
                (6) Giant sequoia.--The term ``giant sequoia'' means a tree
            of the species Sequoiadendron giganteum.
                (7) Grove-specific hazardous fuels reduction plan.--The
            term ``grove-specific hazardous fuels reduction plan'' means a
            plan developed by the applicable land management agency prior
            to conducting an analysis under the National Environmental
            Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) to address hazardous fuels
            in 1 or more giant sequoia groves.
                (8) Protection project.--The term ``Protection Project''
            means a Giant Sequoia Protection Project carried out under
            section 8506.
                (9) Reforestation.--The term ``reforestation'' means the
            act of renewing tree cover, taking into consideration species
            composition and resilience, by establishing young trees through
            natural regeneration, artificial or natural regeneration with
            site preparation, planting or direct seeding, or vegetation
            competition control following artificial or natural
            regeneration.
                (10) Rehabilitation.--The term ``rehabilitation'' means any
            action taken during the 5-year period beginning on the last day
            of a wildland fire to repair or improve fire-impacted lands
            which are unlikely to recover to management-approved
            conditions.
                (11) Relevant congressional committees.--The term
            ``relevant Congressional Committees'' means--
                        (A) the Committees on Natural Resources,
                    Agriculture, and Appropriations of the House of
                    Representatives; and
                        (B) the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources,
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, and
                    Appropriations of the Senate.
                (12) Responsible official.--The term ``responsible
            official'' means an employee of the Department of the Interior
            or Forest Service who has the authority to make and implement a
            decision on a proposed action.
                (13) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of the Interior.
                (14) Secretary concerned.--The term ``Secretary concerned''
            means--
                        (A) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to
                    covered National Forest System lands, or their
                    designee; and
                        (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to
                    covered public lands, or their designee.
                (15) Strategy.--The term ``Strategy'' means the Giant
            Sequoia Reforestation and Rehabilitation Strategy established
            under section 8507.
                (16) Strike team.--The term ``Strike Team'' means a Giant
            Sequoia Strike Team established under section 8508.
                (17) Tribe.--The term ``Tribe'' means the Tule River Indian
            Tribe of the Tule River Reservation, California.

    SEC. 8503. SHARED STEWARDSHIP AGREEMENT FOR GIANT SEQUOIAS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after receiving a request
    from the Governor of the State of California or the Tribe, the
    Secretary shall enter into or expand an existing shared stewardship
    agreement or enter into a similar agreement with the Secretary, the
    Governor of the State of California, and the Tribe to jointly carry out
    the short-term and long-term management and conservation of giant
    sequoias.
        (b) Participation.--
                (1) In general.--If the Secretary has not received a
            request from the Governor of the State of California or the
            Tribe under subsection (a) before the date that is 90 days
            after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
            enter into the agreement under subsection (a) and jointly
            implement such agreement with the Secretary.
                (2) Future participation.--If the Secretary receives a
            request from the Governor of the State of California or the
            Tribe any time after entering into the agreement with the
            Secretary under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall accept the
            Governor of the State of California or the Tribe as a party to
            such agreement.

    SEC. 8504. GIANT SEQUOIA LANDS COALITION.

        (a) Codification.--The Coalition is the entity established under
    the charter titled ``Giant Sequoia Lands Coalition Charter'' (or
    successor charter) signed during the period beginning June 2, 2022 and
    ending August 2, 2022 by each of the following:
                (1) The National Park Service, representing Sequoia and
            Kings Canyon National Parks.
                (2) The National Park Service, representing Yosemite
            National Park.
                (3) The Forest Service, representing Sequoia National
            Forest and Giant Sequoia National Monument.
                (4) The Forest Service, representing Sierra National
            Forest.
                (5) The Forest Service, representing Tahoe National Forest.
                (6) The Bureau of Land Management, representing Case
            Mountain Extensive Recreation Management Area.
                (7) The Tribe, representing the Tule River Indian
            Reservation.
                (8) The State of California, representing Calaveras Big
            Trees State Park.
                (9) The State of California, representing Mountain Home
            Demonstration State Forest.
                (10) The University of California, Berkeley, representing
            Whitaker's Research Forest.
                (11) The County of Tulare, California, representing Balch
            Park.
        (b) Duties.--In addition to the duties specified in the charter
    referenced in subsection (a), the Coalition shall--
                (1) produce the Assessment under section 8505;
                (2) observe implementation, and provide policy
            recommendations to the Secretary concerned, with respect to--
                        (A) Protection Projects carried out under section
                    8506; and
                        (B) the Strategy established under section 8507;
                (3) facilitate collaboration and coordination on Protection
            Projects, particularly projects that cross jurisdictional
            boundaries;
                (4) facilitate information sharing, including best
            available science as described in section 8505(c) and mapping
            resources; and
                (5) support the development and dissemination of
            educational materials and programs that inform the public about
            the threats to the health and resiliency of giant sequoia
            groves and actions being taken to reduce the risk to such
            groves from high-severity wildfire, insects, and drought.
        (c) Administrative Support, Technical Services, and Staff
    Support.--The Secretary shall make personnel of the Department of the
    Interior available to the Coalition for administrative support,
    technical services, development and dissemination of educational
    materials, and staff support that the Secretary determines necessary to
    carry out this section.

    SEC. 8505. GIANT SEQUOIA HEALTH AND RESILIENCY ASSESSMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Coalition shall submit to the relevant
    Congressional Committees a Giant Sequoia Health and Resiliency
    Assessment that, based on the best available science--
                (1) identifies--
                        (A) each giant sequoia grove that has experienced
                    a--
                                (i) stand-replacing disturbance; or
                                (ii) disturbance but continues to have
                            living giant sequoias within the grove,
                            including identifying the tree mortality and
                            regeneration of giant sequoias within such
                            grove;
                        (B) each giant sequoia grove that is at high risk
                    of experiencing a stand-replacing disturbance;
                        (C) lands located near giant sequoia groves that
                    are at risk of experiencing high-severity wildfires
                    that could adversely impact such giant sequoia groves;
                    and
                        (D) each giant sequoia grove that has experienced a
                    disturbance and is unlikely to naturally regenerate and
                    is in need of reforestation;
                (2) analyzes the resiliency of each giant sequoia grove to
            threats, such as--
                        (A) high-severity wildfire;
                        (B) insects, including beetle kill; and
                        (C) drought;
                (3) with respect to Protection Projects, proposes a list of
            highest priority Protection Projects to be carried out under
            section 8506, giving priority to projects located on lands
            identified under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection
            (a)(1);
                (4) examines how historical, Tribal, or current approaches
            to wildland fire suppression and forest management activities
            across various jurisdictions have impacted the health and
            resiliency of giant sequoia groves with respect to--
                        (A) high-severity wildfires;
                        (B) insects, including beetle kill; and
                        (C) drought; and
                (5) includes program and policy recommendations that
            address--
                        (A) Federal and State policies that impede
                    activities to improve the health and resiliency of
                    giant sequoias and proposed policy changes to address
                    such impediments;
                        (B) new Federal and State policies necessary to
                    increase the pace and scale of treatments that improve
                    the health and resiliency of giant sequoias;
                        (C) options to enhance communication, coordination,
                    and collaboration, particularly for cross-boundary
                    projects, to improve the health and resiliency of giant
                    sequoias; and
                        (D) research gaps that should be addressed to
                    improve the best available science on the giant
                    sequoias.
        (b) Annual Updates.--Not later than 1 year after the submission of
    the Assessment under subsection (a), and annually thereafter, the
    Coalition shall submit an updated Assessment to the relevant
    Congressional Committees that--
                (1) includes any new data, information, or best available
            science that has changed or become available since the previous
            Assessment was submitted;
                (2) with respect to Protection Projects--
                        (A) includes information on the number of
                    Protection Projects initiated the previous year and the
                    estimated timeline for completing those projects;
                        (B) includes information on the number of
                    Protection Projects planned in the upcoming year and
                    the estimated timeline for completing those projects;
                        (C) provides status updates and long-term
                    monitoring reports on giant sequoia groves after the
                    completion of Protection Projects;
                        (D) if the Secretary concerned failed to reduce
                    hazardous fuels in at least 3 giant sequoia groves in
                    the previous year, a written explanation that
                    includes--
                                (i) a detailed explanation of what
                            impediments resulted in failing to reduce
                            hazardous fuels in at least 3 giant sequoia
                            groves;
                                (ii) a detailed explanation of what actions
                            the Secretary concerned is taking to ensure
                            that hazardous fuels are reduced in at least 3
                            giant sequoia groves the following year; and
                                (iii) recommendations to Congress on any
                            policies that need to be changed to assist the
                            Secretary concerned in reducing hazardous fuels
                            in giant sequoia groves; and
                (3) with respect to reforestation and rehabilitation of
            giant sequoias--
                        (A) contains updates on the implementation of the
                    Strategy under section 8507, including grove-level data
                    on reforestation and rehabilitation activities; and
                        (B) provides status updates and monitoring reports
                    on giant sequoia groves that have experienced natural
                    or artificial regeneration as part of the Strategy
                    under section 8507.
        (c) Dashboard.--
                (1) Requirement to maintain.--The Coalition shall create
            and maintain a website that--
                        (A) publishes the Assessment, annual updates to the
                    Assessment, and other educational materials developed
                    by the Coalition;
                        (B) contains searchable information about
                    individual giant sequoia groves, including the--
                                (i) resiliency of such groves to threats
                            described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of
                            subsection (a);
                                (ii) Protection Projects that have been
                            proposed, initiated, or completed in such
                            groves; and
                                (iii) reforestation and rehabilitation
                            activities that have been proposed, initiated,
                            or completed in such groves; and
                        (C) maintains a searchable database to track--
                                (i) the status of Federal environmental
                            reviews and authorizations for specific
                            Protection Projects and reforestation and
                            rehabilitation activities; and
                                (ii) the projected cost of Protection
                            Projects and reforestation and rehabilitation
                            activities.
                (2) Searchable database.--The Coalition shall include
            information on the status of Protection Projects in the
            searchable database created under paragraph (1)(C), including--
                        (A) a comprehensive permitting timetable;
                        (B) the status of the compliance of each lead
                    agency, cooperating agency, and participating agency
                    with the permitting timetable;
                        (C) any modifications of the permitting timetable
                    required under subparagraph (A), including an
                    explanation as to why the permitting timetable was
                    modified; and
                        (D) information about project-related public
                    meetings, public hearings, and public comment periods,
                    which shall be presented in English and the predominant
                    language of the community or communities most affected
                    by the project, as that information becomes available.
        (d) Best Available Science.--In utilizing the best available
    science for the Assessment, the Coalition shall include--
                (1) data and peer-reviewed research from academic
            institutions with a demonstrated history of studying giant
            sequoias and with experience analyzing distinct management
            strategies to improve giant sequoia resiliency;
                (2) traditional ecological knowledge from the Tribe related
            to improving the health and resiliency of giant sequoia groves;
            and
                (3) data from Federal, State, Tribal, and local governments
            or agencies.
        (e) Technology Improvements.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary may enter into memorandums of understanding or agreements
    with other Federal agencies or departments, State or local governments,
    Tribal governments, private entities, or academic institutions to
    improve, with respect to the Assessment, the use and integration of--
                (1) advanced remote sensing and geospatial technologies;
                (2) statistical modeling and analysis; or
                (3) any other technology the Secretary determines will
            benefit the quality of information used in the Assessment.
        (f) Planning.--The Coalition shall make information from this
    Assessment available to the Secretary concerned and State of California
    to integrate into the--
                (1) State of California's Wildfire and Forest Resilience
            Action Plan;
                (2) Forest Service's 10-year Wildfire Crisis Strategy (or
            successor plan); and
                (3) Department of the Interior's Wildfire Risk Five-Year
            Monitoring, Maintenance, and Treatment Plan (or successor
            plan).
        (g) Relation to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.--The
    development and submission of the Assessment under subsection (a) shall
    not be subject to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
    U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

    SEC. 8506. GIANT SEQUOIA EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

        (a) Emergency Response to Protect Giant Sequoias.--
                (1) In general.--
                        (A) Emergency determination.--Congress determines
                    that--
                                (i) an emergency exists on covered public
                            lands and covered National Forest System lands
                            that makes it necessary to carry out Protection
                            Projects that take needed actions to respond to
                            the threat of wildfires, insects, and drought
                            to giant sequoias; and
                                (ii) Protection Projects are necessary to
                            control the immediate impacts of the emergency
                            described in clause (i) and are needed to
                            mitigate harm to life, property, or important
                            natural or cultural resources on covered public
                            lands and covered National Forest System lands.
                        (B) Application.--The emergency determination
                    established under subparagraph (A) shall apply to all
                    covered public lands and covered National Forest System
                    lands.
                        (C) Expiration.--The emergency determination
                    established under subparagraph (A) shall expire on the
                    date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of
                    this Act.
                (2) Implementation.--While the emergency determination
            established under subsection (a) is in effect, the following
            shall apply:
                        (A) The following shall have the force and effect
                    of law:
                                (i) Section 220.4(b) of title 36, Code of
                            Federal Regulations (as in effect July 21,
                            2022), with respect to covered National Forest
                            System lands.
                                (ii) Section 46.150 of title 43, Code of
                            Federal Regulations (as in effect October 12,
                            2022), with respect to covered public lands.
                                (iii) Section 402.05 of title 50, Code of
                            Federal Regulations (as in effect July 21,
                            2022), with respect to covered National Forest
                            System lands and covered public lands.
                                (iv) Section 800.12 of title 36, Code of
                            Federal Regulations (as in effect July 21,
                            2022), with respect to covered National Forest
                            System lands and covered public lands.
                        (B) A responsible official may carry out a
                    Protection Project described by paragraph (4) before
                    initiating--
                                (i) an analysis under section 102 of the
                            National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
                            U.S.C. 4332);
                                (ii) consultation under section 7 of the
                            Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
                            1536); and
                                (iii) consultation under section 106 of the
                            National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C.
                            470(f)).
                        (C) The rules established under subsections (d) and
                    (e) of section 40807 of the Infrastructure Investment
                    and Jobs Act (16 U.S.C. 6592c(d) and (e)) shall apply
                    with respect to Protection Projects by substituting
                    ``Protection Projects'' for ``authorized emergency
                    action under this section'' each place it appears in
                    such subsections.
                        (D) Protection Projects shall be subject to the
                    requirements of section 106 of title I of the Healthy
                    Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6511 et
                    seq.).
                (3) Protection projects.--The responsible official shall
            carry out the following forest management activities,
            consistent with applicable grove-specific hazardous fuels
            reduction plans or activities recommend by the Assessment under
            section 8505, as Protection Projects under the emergency
            determination under this section:
                        (A) Conducting hazardous fuels management,
                    including mechanical thinning, mastication, and
                    prescribed burning.
                        (B) Removing hazard trees, dead trees, dying trees,
                    or trees at risk of dying, as determined by the
                    responsible official.
                        (C) Removing trees to address overstocking or
                    crowding in a forest stand, consistent with the
                    appropriate basal area of the forest stand as
                    determined by the responsible official.
                        (D) Activities included in the applicable grove-
                    specific hazardous fuels reduction plan.
                        (E) Using chemical treatments to address insects
                    and disease and control vegetation competition.
                        (F) Any combination of activities described in this
                    paragraph.
                (4) Requirements.--
                        (A) In general.--Protection Projects carried out
                    under paragraph (3) and reforestation and
                    rehabilitation activities carried out under this Act
                    that are described by subparagraph (D) are a category
                    of actions hereby designated as being categorically
                    excluded from the preparation of an environmental
                    assessment or an environmental impact statement under
                    section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of
                    1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332).
                        (B) Availability.--The Secretary concerned shall
                    use the categorical exclusion established under
                    subparagraph (A) in accordance with this section.
                        (C) Interagency cooperation.--Congress finds that
                    Protection Projects carried out under this section are
                    consistent with improving the health and resiliency of
                    critical habitat for threatened and endangered species,
                    including the Pacific fisher and California spotted
                    owl.
                        (D) Requirements.--A Protection Project or
                    reforestation or rehabilitation activity is described
                    by this subparagraph if such Protection Project or
                    reforestation or rehabilitation activity--
                                (i) covers an area of no more than--
                                        (I) 2,000 acres within giant
                                    sequoia groves where a grove-specific
                                    hazardous fuels reduction plan has been
                                    developed by the relevant land
                                    management agency or on lands
                                    identified under section 8505(a)(1)(B);
                                    and
                                        (II) 3,000 acres on lands
                                    identified under section 8505(a)(1)(C);
                                    and
                                (ii) was--
                                        (I) proposed by the Assessment
                                    under section 8505(a)(3);
                                        (II) developed through a
                                    collaborative process; or
                                        (III) proposed by a resource
                                    advisory committee (as defined in
                                    section 201 of the Secure Rural Schools
                                    and Community Self-Determination Act of
                                    2000 (16 U.S.C. 7121)); and
                                (iii) occurs on Federal land or non-Federal
                            land with the consent of the non-Federal
                            landowner.
                        (E) Use of other authorities.--To the maximum
                    extent practicable, the Secretary concerned shall use
                    the authorities provided under this section in
                    combination with other authorities to carry out
                    Protection Projects, including--
                                (i) good neighbor agreements entered into
                            under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of
                            2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a); and
                                (ii) stewardship contracting projects
                            entered into under section 604 of the Healthy
                            Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C.
                            6591c).
                        (F) Savings clause.--With respect to joint
                    Protection Projects and reforestation and
                    rehabilitation activities involving the Tribe, nothing
                    in this section shall be construed to add any
                    additional regulatory requirements onto the Tribe.
        (b) Implementation.--To the maximum extent practicable, the
    Secretary concerned shall reduce hazardous fuels in no fewer than 3
    giant sequoia groves each year.

    SEC. 8507. GIANT SEQUOIA REFORESTATION AND REHABILITATION STRATEGY.

        (a) Reforestation and Rehabilitation Strategy.--
        (1) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the
    Coalition, shall develop and implement a strategy, to be known as the
    Giant Sequoia Reforestation and Rehabilitation Strategy, to enhance the
    reforestation and rehabilitation of giant sequoia groves that--
        (A) identifies giant sequoia groves in need of natural or
    artificial regeneration, giving highest priority to groves identified
    under section 8505(a)(1)(A)(i);
        (B) creates a priority list of reforestation and rehabilitation
    activities;
        (C) identifies and addresses--
        (i) barriers to reforestation or rehabilitation including--
        (I) regulatory and funding barriers;
        (II) seedling shortages or related nursery infrastructure capacity
    constraints;
        (III) labor and workforce shortages;
        (IV) technology and science gaps; and
        (V) site preparation challenges;
        (ii) potential public-private partnership opportunities to complete
    high-priority reforestation or rehabilitation projects;
        (iii) a timeline for addressing the backlog of reforestation for
    giant sequoias in the 10-year period after the agreement is entered
    into under section 8503; and
        (iv) strategies to ensure genetic diversity across giant sequoia
    groves; and
        (D) includes program and policy recommendations needed to improve
    the efficiency or effectiveness of the Strategy.
        (2) Assessment.--The Secretary may incorporate the Strategy into
    the Assessment under section 8505.
        (b) Priority Reforestation Projects Amendment.--Section
    3(e)(4)(C)(ii)(I) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources
    Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(e)(4)(C)(ii)(I)) is amended--
        (1) in item (bb), by striking ``and'';
        (2) in item (cc), by striking the period and inserting ``; and'';
    and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                                ``(dd) shall include
                                            reforestation and
                                            rehabilitation activities
                                            conducted under section 8507 of
                                            the Save Our Sequoias Act.''.
        (c) Implementation.--Section 4(d)(1) of the Wilderness Act (16
    U.S.C. 1133(d)) is amended by inserting ``Nothing in this Act precludes
    reforestation (as defined in section 8502 of the Save our Sequoias Act)
    activities to reestablish giant sequoias following a wildfire.'' after
    the period at the end.

    SEC. 8508. GIANT SEQUOIA STRIKE TEAMS.

        (a) Giant Sequoia Strike Teams.--
                (1) Establishment.--The Secretary concerned shall each
            establish a Giant Sequoia Strike Team to assist the Secretary
            concerned with the implementation of--
                        (A) primarily, section 8506; and
                        (B) secondarily, section 8507.
                (2) Duties.--Each Strike Team shall--
                        (A) assist the Secretary concerned with any
                    reviews, including analysis under the National
                    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
                    seq.), consultations under the National Historic
                    Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) and
                    consultations under the Endangered Species Act of 1973
                    (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
                        (B) implement any necessary site preparation work
                    in advance of or as part of a Protection Project or
                    reforestation or rehabilitation activity;
                        (C) implement Protection Projects under section
                    8506; and
                        (D) implement reforestation or rehabilitation
                    activities under section 8507.
                (3) Members.--The Secretary concerned may appoint no more
            than 10 individuals each to serve on a Strike Team comprised
            of--
                        (A) employees of the Department of the Interior;
                        (B) employees of the Forest Service;
                        (C) private contractors from any nonprofit
                    organization, State government, Tribal Government,
                    local government, academic institution, or private
                    organization; and
                        (D) volunteers from any nonprofit organization,
                    State government, Tribal Government, local government,
                    academic institution, or private organization.

    SEC. 8509. GIANT SEQUOIA COLLABORATIVE RESTORATION GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the parties to
    the agreement under section 8503, shall establish a program to award
    grants to eligible entities to advance, facilitate, or improve giant
    sequoia health and resiliency.
        (b) Eligible Entity.--The Secretary may award grants under this
    section to any nonprofit organization, Tribal Government, local
    government, academic institution, or private organization to help
    advance, facilitate, or improve giant sequoia health and resiliency.
        (c) Priority.--In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary
    shall give priority to eligible entities that--
                (1) primarily, are likely to have the greatest impact on
            giant sequoia health and resiliency; and
                (2) secondarily--
                        (A) are small businesses or tribal entities,
                    particularly in rural areas; and
                        (B) create or support jobs, particularly in rural
                    areas.
        (d) Use of Grant Funds.--Funds from grants awarded under this
    section shall be used to--
                (1) create, expand, or develop markets for hazardous fuels
            removed under section 8506, including markets for biomass and
            biochar;
                (2) facilitate hazardous fuel removal under section 8506,
            including by reducing the cost of transporting hazardous fuels
            removed as part of a Protection Project;
                (3) expand, enhance, develop, or create facilities or land
            that can store or process hazardous fuels removed under section
            8506;
                (4) establish, develop, expand, enhance, or improve nursery
            capacity or infrastructure necessary to facilitate the Strategy
            established under section 8507; or
                (5) support tribal management and conservation of giant
            sequoias, including funding for tribal historic preservation
            officers.

    SEC. 8510. GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY FOR GIANT SEQUOIAS.

        Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a), as
    amended by section 8412, is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause
                            (iii);
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia
                            National Park, and Yosemite National Park;
                            or'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (iii) as
                            clause (iv);
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (ii) the
                            following:
                                ``(iii) activities conducted under section
                            8506 of the Save Our Sequoias Act;'';
                                (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by
                            striking the period at the end and inserting
                            ``; or''; and
                                (v) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) any combination of activities
                            specified in clauses (i) through (iv).''.
                        (C) in paragraph (10)(B) by striking ``land.'' and
                    inserting ``land, Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia
                    National Park, and Yosemite National Park.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)(C)--
                                (i) by striking clause (ii); and
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) Special rule for certain national
                            parks.--Funds received from the sale of timber
                            by a Governor, an Indian tribe, or a county
                            under a good neighbor agreement carried out
                            within the boundaries of Kings Canyon National
                            Park, Sequoia National Park, or Yosemite
                            National Park shall be retained and used by the
                            Governor, Indian tribe, or county, as
                            applicable--
                                        ``(I) to carry out authorized
                                    restoration services under such good
                                    neighbor agreement;
                                        ``(II) if there are funds remaining
                                    after carrying out the services under
                                    clause (i), to carry out authorized
                                    restoration services under other good
                                    neighbor agreements within the
                                    boundaries of the park unit in which
                                    the initial good neighbor agreement
                                    occurred; and
                                        ``(III) if there are no further
                                    good neighbor agreements to carry out
                                    under clause (ii), to transfer to the
                                    park unit in which the initial good
                                    neighbor agreement occurred to be used
                                    for giant sequoia conservation and
                                    management.
                                ``(iii) Termination of effectiveness.--The
                            authority provided by this subparagraph
                            terminates effective October 1, 2029.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Authorized restoration services in certain national
            parks.--Authorized restoration services occurring in Kings
            Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park, and Yosemite
            National Park shall be carried out in accordance with section
            100753 of title 54, United States Code.''.

    SEC. 8511. STEWARDSHIP CONTRACTING FOR GIANT SEQUOIAS.

        (a) National Park Service.--Section 604(a)(2) of the Healthy
    Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591c(c)) is amended to read
    as follows:
                ``(2) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of
            the Bureau of Land Management with respect to Bureau of Land
            Management lands and the Director of the National Park Service
            with respect to lands within Kings Canyon National Park,
            Sequoia National Park, and Yosemite National Park.''.
        (b) Giant Sequoia Stewardship Contracts.--Section 604(c) of the
    Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591c(c)) is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Promoting the health and resiliency of giant
            sequoias.''.

    SEC. 8512. GIANT SEQUOIA EMERGENCY PROTECTION PROGRAM AND FUND.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 1011 of title 54, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 101123. Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program and Fund
        ``(a) Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program.--The National
    Park Foundation, in coordination with the National Forest Foundation,
    shall design and implement a comprehensive program to assist and
    promote philanthropic programs of support that benefit--
                ``(1) primarily, the management and conservation of giant
            sequoias on National Park Service and covered National Forest
            System lands to promote resiliency to wildfires, insects, and
            drought; and
                ``(2) secondarily, the reforestation of giant sequoias on
            National Park Service and covered National Forest System lands
            impacted by wildfire.
        ``(b) Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Fund.--The National Park
    Foundation, in coordination with the National Forest Foundation, shall
    establish a joint special account to be known as the Giant Sequoia
    Emergency Protection Fund (referred to as `the Fund' in this section),
    to be administered in support of the program established under
    subsection (a).
                ``(1) Funds for giant sequoia emergency protection.--The
            Fund shall consist of any gifts, devises, or bequests that are
            provided to the National Park Foundation or National Forest
            Foundation for such purpose.
                ``(2) Use of funds.--Funds shall be available to the
            National Park Foundation and National Forest Foundation without
            further appropriation, subject to the provisions in paragraph
            (3), for projects and activities approved by the Chief of the
            Forest Service or the Director of the National Park Service as
            appropriate, or their designees, to--
                        ``(A) primarily, support the management and
                    conservation of giant sequoias on National Park Service
                    and covered National Forest System lands to promote
                    resiliency to wildfires, insects, and drought; and
                        ``(B) secondarily, support the reforestation of
                    giant sequoias on National Park Service and covered
                    National Forest System lands impacted by wildfire.
                ``(3) Tribal support.--Of the funds provided to the
            National Park Foundation and National Forest Foundation under
            paragraph (2), not less than 15 percent of such funds shall be
            used to support tribal management and conservation of giant
            sequoias including funding for tribal historic preservation
            officers.
        ``(c) Summary.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this Act, the National Park Foundation and National Forest Foundation
    shall include with their annual reports a summary of the status of the
    program and Fund created under this section that includes--
                ``(1) a statement of the amounts deposited in the Fund
            during the fiscal year;
                ``(2) the amount of the balance remaining in the Fund at
            the end of the fiscal year; and
                ``(3) a description of the program and projects funded
            during the fiscal year.
        ``(d) Covered National Forest System Lands Defined.--In this
    section, the term `covered National Forest System lands' has the
    meaning given such term in section 8502 of the Save Our Sequoias Act.
        ``(e) Termination of Effectiveness.--The authority provided by this
    section shall terminate 7 years after the date of enactment of the Save
    Our Sequoias Act.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 1011
    of title 54, United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end the
    following:

    ``101123. Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program and Fund.''.

    SEC. 8513. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subtitle
    and the amendments made by this subtitle $5,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.

                           Subtitle F--Other Matters

    SEC. 8701. RURAL REVITALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES.

        Section 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023''
    and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 8702. RESOURCE ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

        Section 205 of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
    Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Appointments by applicable regional foresters.--In
            making appointments under this subsection, the Secretary
            concerned may act through the applicable regional forester so
            long as before the applicable regional forester makes an
            appointment, the applicable regional forester conducts the
            review and analysis that would otherwise be conducted for an
            appointment to a resource advisory committee, including any
            review and analysis with respect to civil rights, budgetary
            requirements, vetting, and reporting, as the Secretary
            concerned determines appropriate.'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(6), by striking ``October 1, 2023''
            and inserting ``October 1, 2029''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (g).

    SEC. 8703. ACCURATE HAZARDOUS FUELS REDUCTION REPORTS.

        (a) Inclusion of Hazardous Fuels Reduction Report in Materials
    Submitted in Support of the President's Budget.--
                (1) In general.--Beginning with the first fiscal year that
            begins after the date of the enactment of this Act, and each
            fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary concerned shall include
            in the materials submitted in support of the President's budget
            pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a
            report on the number of acres of Federal land on which the
            Secretary concerned carried out hazardous fuels reduction
            activities during the preceding fiscal year.
                (2) Requirements.--For purposes of the report required
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall--
                        (A) in determining the number of acres of Federal
                    land on which the Secretary concerned carried out
                    hazardous fuels reduction activities during the period
                    covered by the report--
                                (i) record acres of Federal land on which
                            hazardous fuels reduction activities were
                            completed during such period; and
                                (ii) record each acre described in clause
                            (i) once in the report, regardless of whether
                            multiple hazardous fuels reduction activities
                            were carried out on such acre during such
                            period; and
                        (B) with respect to the acres of Federal land
                    recorded in the report, include information on--
                                (i) which such acres are located in the
                            wildland-urban interface;
                                (ii) the level of wildfire risk (high,
                            moderate, or low) on the first and last day of
                            the period covered by the report;
                                (iii) the types of hazardous fuels
                            activities completed for such acres,
                            delineating between whether such activities
                            were conducted--
                                        (I) in a wildfire managed for
                                    resource benefits; or
                                        (II) through a planned project;
                                (iv) the cost per acre of hazardous fuels
                            activities carried out during the period
                            covered by the report;
                                (v) the region or system unit in which the
                            acres are located; and
                                (vi) the effectiveness of the hazardous
                            fuels reduction activities on reducing the risk
                            of wildfire.
                (3) Transparency.--The Secretary concerned shall make each
            report submitted under paragraph (1) publicly available on the
            website of the Department and the Department of the Interior,
            as applicable.
        (b) Accurate Data Collection.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            the enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned shall
            implement standardized procedures for tracking data related to
            hazardous fuels reduction activities carried out by the
            Secretary concerned.
                (2) Elements.--The standardized procedures required under
            paragraph (1) shall include--
                        (A) regular, standardized data reviews of the
                    accuracy and timely input of data used to track
                    hazardous fuels reduction activities;
                        (B) verification methods that validate whether such
                    data accurately correlates to the hazardous fuels
                    reduction activities carried out by the Secretary
                    concerned;
                        (C) an analysis of the short- and long-term
                    effectiveness of the hazardous fuels reduction
                    activities on reducing the risk of wildfire; and
                        (D) for hazardous fuels reduction activities that
                    occur partially within the wildland-urban interface,
                    methods to distinguish which acres are located within
                    the wildland-urban interface and which acres are
                    located outside the wildland-urban interface.
                (3) Report.--Not later than 2 weeks after implementing the
            standardized procedures required under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary concerned shall submit to Congress a report that
            describes--
                        (A) such standardized procedures; and
                        (B) program and policy recommendations to Congress
                    to address any limitations in tracking data related to
                    hazardous fuels reduction activities under this
                    subsection.
        (c) GAO Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
                (1) conduct a study on the implementation of this section,
            including any limitations with respect to--
                        (A) reporting hazardous fuels reduction activities
                    under subsection (a); or
                        (B) tracking data related to hazardous fuels
                    reduction activities under subsection (b); and
                (2) submit to Congress a report that describes the results
            of the study under paragraph (1).
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Hazardous fuels reduction activity.--The term
            ``hazardous fuels reduction activity''--
                        (A) means any vegetation management activity to
                    reduce the risk of wildfire, including mechanical
                    treatments and prescribed burning; and
                        (B) does not include the awarding of contracts to
                    conduct hazardous fuels reduction activities.
                (2) Federal lands.--The term ``Federal lands'' means lands
            under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior or the
            Secretary.
                (3) Secretary concerned.--The term ``Secretary concerned''
            means--
                        (A) the Secretary, with respect to National Forest
                    System lands; and
                        (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to
                    public lands and units of the National Park System.
                (4) Wildland-urban interface.--The term ``wildland-urban
            interface'' has the meaning given the term in section 101 of
            the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6511).
        (e) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are
    authorized to carry out the requirements of this section, and the
    activities authorized by this section are subject to the availability
    of appropriations made in advance for such purposes.

    SEC. 8704. SPECIAL USE AUTHORIZATION RENTAL FEE WAIVER.

        All or part of the programmatic administrative fee, and any fees
    related to the special use authorization, as appropriate, may be waived
    by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, when
    equitable and in the public interest as determined by the Chief of the
    Forest Service, for the use and occupancy of National Forest System
    land in the following circumstances:
                (1) The holder of the special use authorization is a State
            or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof,
            excluding municipal utilities and cooperatives whose principal
            source of revenue is customer charges.
                (2) The holder is--
                        (A) an organization described in section 501(c)(3)
                    of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and is exempt from
                    taxation under section 501(a) of such Code;
                        (B) not controlled or owned by profit-making
                    corporation or business enterprise; and
                        (C) is engaged in public or semi-public activity to
                    further public health, safety, or welfare.
                (3) The holder is an amateur station, amateur operator, or
            provides amateur radio services, as those terms are defined in
            section 97.3 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or
            successor regulations).
                (4) Other circumstances the Secretary, acting through the
            Chief of the Forest Service, determines appropriate.

    SEC. 8705. CHARGES AND FEES FOR HARVEST OF FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS.

        (a) Recovery of Fair Market Value for Products.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service, shall establish and carry out a program to
            charge and collect fees under subsection (b) for forest
            botanical products harvested on National Forest System lands.
                (2) Appraisal methods; bidding procedures.--The Secretary,
            acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish
            a fee system based on fair market value for forest botanical
            products harvested on National Forest System lands.
        (b) Fees.--
                (1) Imposition and collection.--The Secretary shall charge
            and collect fees from persons who harvest forest botanical
            products on National Forest System lands.
                (2) Amount of fee.--The fees collected under paragraph (1)
            shall be based on the fair market value of the harvested forest
            botanical products and the costs incurred by the Secretary
            associated with the granting, modifying, or monitoring the
            authorization for harvest of the forest botanical products,
            including the costs of any environmental or other analysis.
                (3) Security.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service, may require a person assessed a fee under
            this subsection to provide security to ensure that the
            Secretary receives the fees imposed under this subsection from
            the person.
        (c) Sustainable Harvest Levels for Forest Botanical Products.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service, shall--
                        (A) conduct appropriate analyses to determine
                    whether and how the harvest of forest botanical
                    products on National Forest System lands can be
                    conducted on a sustainable basis; and
                        (B) establish procedures and timeframes to monitor
                    and revise the harvest levels established for forest
                    botanical products.
                (2) Prohibition on harvest in excess of sustainable
            levels.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
            Service, may not permit under the program under this section
            the harvest of forest botanical products on National Forest
            System lands at levels in excess of sustainable harvest levels,
            as defined under section 4 of the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield
            Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 531).
        (d) Waiver Authority.--
                (1) Personal use.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief
            of the Forest Service, shall establish a personal use harvest
            level for each forest botanical product, and the harvest of a
            forest botanical product below that level by a person for
            personal use shall not be subject to charges and fees under
            subsections (a) and (b).
                (2) Other exceptions.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Chief of the Forest Service, may also waive the application of
            subsection (a) or (b) pursuant to such regulations as the
            Secretary may prescribe.
        (e) Deposit and Use of Funds.--
                (1) Deposit.--Funds collected under the program in
            accordance with subsections (a) and (b) shall be deposited into
            a special account in the United States Treasury.
                (2) Funds available.--Funds deposited into the special
            account in accordance with paragraph (1) shall remain available
            until expended without further appropriation.
                (3) Authorized uses.--The funds made available under
            paragraph (2) shall be expended at units of the National Forest
            System in proportion to the charges and fees collected at that
            unit under the program under this section to pay for--
                        (A) the costs of conducting inventories of forest
                    botanical products, determining sustainable levels of
                    harvest, monitoring and assessing the impacts of
                    harvest levels and methods, and for restoration
                    activities, including any necessary revegetation; and
                        (B) the costs described in subsection (b)(2).
                (4) Treatment of fees.--Funds collected under the program
            in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) shall not be taken
            into account for the purposes of the following laws:
                        (A) The sixth paragraph under the heading ``forest
                    service'' in the Act of May 23, 1908 (16 U.S.C. 500),
                    and section 13 of the Act of March 1, 1911 (commonly
                    known as the Weeks Act; 16 U.S.C. 500).
                        (B) The fourteenth paragraph under the heading
                    ``forest service'' in the Act of March 4, 1913 (16
                    U.S.C. 501).
                        (C) Section 33 of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant
                    Act (7 U.S.C. 1012).
                        (D) The Act of August 28, 1937 (43 U.S.C. 2601 et
                    seq.) and the Act of May 24, 1939 (43 U.S.C. 2621 et
                    seq.).
                        (E) Section 6 of the Act of June 14, 1926 (commonly
                    known as the Recreation and Public Purposes Act; 43
                    U.S.C. 869-4).
                        (F) Chapter 69 of title 31, United States Code.
                        (G) Section 401 of the Act of June 15, 1935 (16
                    U.S.C. 715s).
                        (H) Section 100904 of title 54, United States Code.
                        (I) Any other provision of law relating to revenue
                    allocation.
        (f) Reporting Requirements.--As soon as practicable after the end
    of each fiscal year in which the Secretary collects charges and fees
    under the program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) or expends
    funds from the special account under subsection (e), the Secretary,
    acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall submit to the
    Congress a report summarizing the activities of the Secretary under the
    program under this section, including the funds collected under the
    program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b), the expenses
    incurred to carry out the program under this section, and the
    expenditures made from the special account during that fiscal year.
        (g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
                (1) Forest botanical product.--The term ``forest botanical
            product''--
                        (A) means any naturally occurring mushroom, fungus,
                    flower, seed, root, bark, leaf, berry, bough,
                    bryophyte, bulb, burl, cone, epiphyte, fern, forb,
                    grass, moss, nut, pine straw, sedge, shrub, transplant,
                    tree sap, or other vegetation (or portion thereof) that
                    grows on National Forest System lands; and
                        (B) does not include trees, or portions of trees,
                    except as provided in regulations issued under section
                    339 of the Department of the Interior and Related
                    Agencies Appropriations Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 528
                    note) by the Secretary before the date of enactment of
                    this Act.
                (2) National forest system.--The term ``National Forest
            System'' has the meaning given that term in section 11(a) of
            the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of
            1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

    SEC. 8706. FOREST SERVICE LEGACY ROAD AND TRAIL REMEDIATION PROGRAM
                  TRANSPARENCY.

        Section 8 of Public Law 88-657 (16 U.S.C. 538a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(B) solicit and consider public input regionally
                    in selecting projects for funding under the Program
                    by--
                                ``(i) publishing annually, for each region,
                            a list of projects considered for funding under
                            the Program;
                                ``(ii) accepting public comment on the
                            projects described in clause (i); and
                                ``(iii) considering public comments in
                            selecting projects for funding under the
                            Program;''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by
                            inserting ``annually, for each region,'' before
                            ``publish''; and
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting
                            the following:
                                ``(ii) a list that includes a description
                            of--
                                        ``(I) each project considered for
                                    funding under the Program;
                                        ``(II) public comments received on
                                    each project described in subclause
                                    (I);
                                        ``(III) the ranking within the
                                    applicable region of each project
                                    described in subclause (I); and
                                        ``(IV) the proposed outcome of each
                                    project funded under the Program for
                                    the applicable fiscal year.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Definition of Region.--In this section, the term `region'
    means one of the 9 regions of the Forest Service.''.

    SEC. 8707. DIRECT HIRE AUTHORITY.

        For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary
    may appoint, without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of
    chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, other than sections 3303 and
    3328 of that title, a Job Corps graduate (as defined in section 142(5)
    of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192(5))) to
    a position in the competitive service in the Forest Service for which
    the graduate meets the qualification standards.

    SEC. 8708. IMPROVING THE EMERGENCY FOREST RESTORATION PROGRAM.

        Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206)
    is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Advance Payments.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall give an owner of
            nonindustrial private forest land the option of receiving,
            before the owner carries out emergency measures under this
            section, not more than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency
            measures, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair
            market value of the cost of the emergency measures using the
            estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the
            Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service.
                ``(2) Return of funds.--If the funds provided under
            paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 180-day period
            beginning on the date on which the owner of nonindustrial
            private forest land receives those funds, the funds shall be
            returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the
            Secretary.''.

                                TITLE IX--ENERGY

    SEC. 9001. DEFINITION OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL.

        Section 9001(3)(B)(iv) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment
    Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101(3)(B)(iv)) is amended by inserting ``and
    sustainable aviation fuel'' after ``diesel-equivalent fuel''.

    SEC. 9002. BIOBASED MARKETS PROGRAM.

        Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(G) Procurement resources.--The Office of Federal
                    Procurement Policy, in coordination with the Secretary,
                    shall provide educational materials to procuring
                    agencies to consider the longevity of a product,
                    economic savings, and the efficacy and performance of a
                    product when making procurement decisions under this
                    subsection.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause
                            (ii) and redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv)
                            as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subclause (I)--
                                                (aa) by inserting ``and the
                                            Secretary'' after ``Policy'';
                                            and
                                                (bb) by striking
                                            ``information concerning--''
                                            and inserting ``a report that
                                            describes, for the year covered
                                            by the report--'';
                                        (II) in subclause (I), by inserting
                                    ``, including the actions taken by the
                                    procuring agency to establish and
                                    implement the biobased procurement
                                    program of the procuring agency under
                                    that paragraph'' before the semicolon;
                                        (III) in subclause (IV), by
                                    striking ``and'' at the end;
                                        (IV) in subclause (V), by striking
                                    ``and'' at the end; and
                                        (V) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                        ``(VI)(aa) the specific categories
                                    of biobased products that are
                                    unavailable to meet procurement needs
                                    of the procuring agencies; and
                                        ``(bb) the desired performance
                                    characteristics and other relevant
                                    specifications for those products; and
                                        ``(VII) if applicable, an
                                    explanation of the procurement
                                    requirement or updated procurement
                                    requirement established under paragraph
                                    (2)(A)(i) that procuring agencies
                                    failed to meet and reasons for the
                                    failure; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Accountability.--The Office of Federal
                    Procurement Policy, in consultation with the Secretary,
                    shall annually--
                                ``(i) collect the information required to
                            be reported under subparagraph (B) and make the
                            information publicly available;
                                ``(ii) using the information collected
                            under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph,
                            document relevant procuring agencies under
                            paragraph (2)(A)(i) that, as applicable, have
                            established a procurement program in accordance
                            with paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I); and
                                ``(iii) make the information publicly
                            available, subject to the exemptions from
                            disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5,
                            United States Code.'';
                (2) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the heading, by inserting ``and
                            napcs'' before ``codes'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and North American
                            Products Classification System codes'' before
                            ``for--''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) renewable chemicals manufacturers and
                    biobased products manufacturers; and
                        ``(B) renewable chemicals and biobased products.'';
                    and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3)
                    and inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Report.--To inform the development of codes under
            paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, within 90 days after the
            date of the enactment of this paragraph, submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate, a report that provides--
                        ``(A) the Federal statistical collections of
                    information related to the North American Industry
                    Classification System codes and the North American
                    Product Classification System codes that utilize
                    bioeconomy-specific data;
                        ``(B) recommendations to implement any bioeconomy
                    related changes as part of the 2027 revisions of the
                    North American Industry Classification System codes and
                    the North American Product Classification System codes;
                    and
                        ``(C) an assessment of the impacts that bioeconomy-
                    specific North American Industry Classification System
                    codes and North American Products Classification System
                    codes would have on the measurement by the agency of
                    the economic contributions of the bioeconomy.''; and
                (3) in subsection (k)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2024'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 9003. BIOREFINERY ASSISTANCE.

        Section 9003 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8103) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) by inserting ``or innovative'' before
                    ``commercial-scale''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``, renewable chemicals, or
                    biobased products'' after ``end-user products'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by striking all that precedes ``a loan
                            guarantee'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Feasibility.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In approving''; and
                                (ii) by adding after and below the end the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the
                            requirement that the applicant must demonstrate
                            commercial viability for projects adopting
                            commercially available technology.'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as
                    subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Technical review agreement.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall
                            enter into an agreement with each project
                            applicant that clearly outlines the specific
                            objectives, outcomes, and conditions by which
                            the Secretary determines successful technical
                            feasibility of the project under this section.
                                ``(ii) Conditions of agreement.--The
                            agreement provided under clause (i) shall
                            include clear guidelines and expectations for
                            the methodologies, protocols, and procedures,
                            and what the eligible technology must
                            demonstrate, for the Department to determine
                            technical feasibility from an integrated
                            demonstration unit, including--
                                        ``(I) a set timeline for the
                                    integrated demonstration unit campaign
                                    and final technical report to show
                                    reliable evidence of continuous,
                                    steady-state production;
                                        ``(II) criteria and methods for
                                    evaluating the project's success,
                                    including any third-party assessments
                                    or evaluations that may be conducted
                                    during the demonstration period and at
                                    the conclusion of the set timeline;
                                        ``(III) criteria and methods to
                                    prove the ability of the integrated
                                    demonstration unit to use project-
                                    specific feedstock for the production
                                    of advanced biofuels, renewable
                                    chemicals, or biobased products at a
                                    yield and quality consistent with the
                                    design basis of the project;
                                        ``(IV) required information and
                                    conditions that demonstrate operation
                                    duration, quality, and quantity
                                    specifications; and
                                        ``(V) any other information that,
                                    if supplied to the Secretary, would
                                    assist the eligible entity in
                                    sufficiently demonstrating a project's
                                    technical feasibility.
                                ``(iii) Failure to comply with agreement.--
                                        ``(I) Noncompliance notification.--
                                    If a project applicant fails to comply
                                    with the technical feasibility
                                    requirements as provided under clause
                                    (ii), the Secretary shall issue a
                                    written notice to the project applicant
                                    detailing the specific deficiencies and
                                    providing a reasonable timeframe for
                                    the project applicant to rectify the
                                    issues.
                                        ``(II) Corrective action period.--
                                    The project applicant shall have a
                                    period of not more than 90 days from
                                    the date of issuance of the
                                    noncompliance notice to address the
                                    identified deficiencies and submit a
                                    revised technical feasibility
                                    assessment for reconsideration.
                                ``(iv) Technical feasibility approval.--
                            Upon fulfillment of the conditions of agreement
                            established under clause (ii) or approval of
                            the revised technical feasibility assessment
                            under clause (iii)(II), the Secretary shall
                            determine the project to be technically
                            feasible.'';
                (3) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by striking all that precedes ``is authorized''
                    and inserting the following:
        ``(g) Funding.--There''; and.
                        (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029'';
                (4) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2031'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2031'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                (5) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``2031'' and
            inserting ``2029''; and
                (6) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2031'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 9004. BIOPRODUCT LABELING REPORT.

        Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 8101-8115) is amended by inserting after section 9003 the
    following:

    ``SEC. 9004. BIOPRODUCT LABELING REPORT.

        ``(a) In General.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report containing
    an analysis of the potential effects of a program to implement national
    uniform labeling standards for bioproducts described under subsection
    (b), including the effects on--
                ``(1) consumer trust, certainty, and adoption;
                ``(2) the scope and accuracy of bioproduct industry data;
            and
                ``(3) market growth.
        ``(b) Bioproduct Terminology.--In preparing the report required by
    subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
                ``(1) consider national uniform labeling standards for--
                        ``(A) bio-attributed products;
                        ``(B) biobased products;
                        ``(C) biobased plastics;
                        ``(D) bio-attributed plastics;
                        ``(E) plant-based products;
                        ``(F) renewable chemicals; and
                        ``(G) renewable biomass; and
                ``(2) define the bioproducts identified in paragraph (1),
            unless otherwise defined in statute.
        ``(c) Consultation.--In defining the terminology described in
    subsection (b) and preparing the report required by subsection (a), the
    Secretary shall consult with--
                ``(1) biomanufacturers;
                ``(2) entities engaged in research and development of
            bioproducts;
                ``(3) feedstock growers; and
                ``(4) other industry stakeholders.''.

    SEC. 9005. BIOENERGY PROGRAM FOR ADVANCED BIOFUELS.

        Section 9005(g) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8105(g)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(F), by striking ``2024'' and inserting
            ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 9006. BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION PROGRAM.

        Section 9006 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8106) is repealed.

    SEC. 9007. RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA PROGRAM.

        Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8107) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, cost
                    savings,'' after ``savings'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) the potential of the proposed program to
                    meaningfully improve the financial conditions of the
                    agricultural producers or rural small businesses.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (F), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as
                            subparagraph (H); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (F)
                            the following:
                        ``(G) the potential improvements to the financial
                    conditions of the agricultural producer or rural small
                    business; and''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                            follows:
                        ``(A) Grants.--With respect to grants made under
                    paragraph (1)(A)(i), the amount of a grant shall not
                    exceed--
                                ``(i) 50 percent of the cost of the
                            activity carried out using funds from the grant
                            for--
                                        ``(I) a beginning farmer or
                                    rancher, a socially disadvantaged
                                    farmer or rancher, or a veteran farmer
                                    or rancher (as those terms are defined
                                    in section 2501(a) of the Food,
                                    Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act
                                    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))); and
                                        ``(II) a recipient with a proposed
                                    project located in an area where 20
                                    percent or more of the population is
                                    living in poverty over the last 30
                                    years, as defined by the United States
                                    Census Bureau, or an area that has
                                    experienced long-term population
                                    decline or loss of employment, as
                                    determined by the Secretary; or
                                ``(ii) 35 percent of the cost of the
                            activity carried out using funds from the grant
                            in all other cases.''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``$25,000,000'' and inserting ``$50,000,000'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Project Diversity.--In approving grant or loan guarantee
    applications under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that, to
    the extent practicable, there is diversity in the types of projects
    approved for grants or loan guarantees to ensure that as wide a range
    as possible of technologies, products, and approaches are assisted.''.

    SEC. 9008. FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY.

        Section 9010(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8110(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 9009. BIOMASS CROP ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 9011(f)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8111(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 9010. CARBON UTILIZATION AND BIOGAS EDUCATION PROGRAM.

        Section 9014 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8115) is repealed.

    SEC. 9011. STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATIONS ON COVERED
                  FARMLAND.

        Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 8101-8115) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 9015. STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATIONS ON COVERED
                  FARMLAND.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Energy, shall conduct a study on the effects of solar
    panel installations on the conversion of covered farmland out of
    agricultural production in accordance with this section.
        ``(b) Content.--In conducting the study under this section, the
    Secretary shall--
                ``(1) analyze the economic effects of solar panel
            installations on covered farmland, including the effects on--
                        ``(A) crop yields;
                        ``(B) land values, including adjacent properties;
                        ``(C) land access and tenure;
                        ``(D) local economies; and
                        ``(E) food security;
                ``(2) investigate impacts of solar panel installation,
            operation, and decommissioning on covered farmland, and suggest
            best practices to protect--
                        ``(A) soil health;
                        ``(B) water resources;
                        ``(C) wildlife;
                        ``(D) vegetation;
                        ``(E) water drainage; and
                        ``(F) air quality;
                ``(3) assess the impacts of shared solar energy and
            agricultural production on covered farmland, including best
            practices to--
                        ``(A) maintain or increase agricultural production;
                        ``(B) increase agricultural resilience;
                        ``(C) retain covered farmland;
                        ``(D) increase economic opportunities in farming
                    and rural communities, including new revenue streams
                    and job creation;
                        ``(E) reduce nonfarmer ownership of covered
                    farmland; and
                        ``(F) enhance biodiversity;
                ``(4) assess the types of agricultural land best suited and
            worst suited for shared solar energy and agricultural
            production;
                ``(5) study the compatibility of different species of
            livestock with different solar panel system designs,
            including--
                        ``(A) the optimal height of and distance between
                    solar panels for livestock grazing and shade for
                    livestock;
                        ``(B) manure management considerations;
                        ``(C) fencing requirements; and
                        ``(D) other animal handling considerations;
                ``(6) study the compatibility of different crop types with
            different solar panel system designs, including--
                        ``(A) the optimal height of and distance between
                    solar panels for plant shading and farm equipment use;
                    and
                        ``(B) the impact on crop yield;
                ``(7) evaluate the degree to which existing Federal, State,
            or local tax incentives result in the development of covered
            farmland under study;
                ``(8) recommend effective incentives that could shift solar
            panel installations towards the built environment, brownfield
            sites, and other contaminated sites;
                ``(9) evaluate the effectiveness of programs administered
            by the federal government related to solar energy development
            that--
                        ``(A) results in the development of contaminated
                    lands, the built environment, and other preferred
                    sites; and
                        ``(B) discourages solar panel installations that
                    would convert covered farmland out of agricultural
                    production; and
                ``(10) estimate the loss of agricultural production on
            covered farmland due to solar panel installations.
        ``(c) Consultation With Relevant Stakeholders.--In addition to
    consultation with the Secretary of Energy, while conducting the study
    under this section, the Secretary shall consult with--
                ``(1) farmers;
                ``(2) ranchers;
                ``(3) landowners;
                ``(4) agricultural organizations;
                ``(5) State departments of agriculture and energy;
                ``(6) units of local government;
                ``(7) conservation organizations;
                ``(8) land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in
            section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
            and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)); and
                ``(9) solar developers.
        ``(d) Report.--Within 2 years after the date of enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a written report on
    the findings of the study and recommendations under this section.
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered farmland.--The term `covered farmland'
            includes--
                        ``(A) farmland, as defined in section 1540(c)(1) of
                    the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C.
                    4201(c)(1)); and
                        ``(B) nonindustrial private forest land, as defined
                    in section 201(a)(18) of the Food Security Act of 1985
                    (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(18)).
                ``(2) Brownfield site.--The term `brownfield site' has the
            meaning given that term in section 101(39) of the Comprehensive
            Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
            (42 U.S.C. 9601(39)).
                ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.''.

    SEC. 9012. LIMITATION ON USDA FUNDING FOR GROUND MOUNTED SOLAR SYSTEMS.

        Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 8101-8115) is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``SEC. 9016. LIMITATION ON USDA FUNDING FOR GROUND MOUNTED SOLAR ENERGY
                  SYSTEMS.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered farmland.--The term `covered farmland'
            includes--
                        ``(A) farmland, as defined in section 1540(c)(1) of
                    the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C.
                    4201(c)(1)); and
                        ``(B) nonindustrial private forest land, as defined
                    in section 201(a)(18) of the Food Security Act of 1985
                    (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(18)).
                ``(2) Conversion.--The term `conversion' means, with
            respect to covered farmland, any activity that results in the
            covered farmland failing to meet the requirements of a State
            (as defined in section 343 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
            Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991)) for agricultural production,
            activity, or use or timber harvest.
                ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.
        ``(b) In General.--The Secretary may not provide financial
    assistance for a project that would result in the conversion of covered
    farmland for solar energy production.
        ``(c) Exception.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to a project if
    the project--
                ``(1) results in the conversion of less than 5 acres;
                ``(2) results in the conversion of less than 50 acres of
            covered farmland and the majority of the energy produced is for
            on-farm use; or
                ``(3) has received a resolution of approval or support, or
            other similar instrument from each county and municipality in
            which the project is sited.
        ``(d) Covered Farmland Protection.--
                ``(1) Farmland conservation plan required.--A person who
            has applied to the Secretary for financial assistance for a
            project subject to subsection (c)(3) shall--
                        ``(A) develop a farmland conservation plan for the
                    project to--
                                ``(i) implement best practices to protect
                            future soil health and productivity, and
                            mitigate soil erosion, compaction, and other
                            effects of solar energy production during
                            construction, operation, and decommissioning;
                            and
                                ``(ii) remediate and restore the soil
                            health of the farmland to that of the farmland
                            before the solar energy production project
                            construction; and
                        ``(B) ensure that sufficient funds, as determined
                    by the Secretary, are provided for the decommissioning
                    of the solar energy production system and the
                    remediation and restoration of covered farmland to
                    carry out the farmland conservation plan described in
                    subparagraph (A).
                ``(2) Obligation and disbursment of funds.--The Secretary
            may obligate financial assistance for a project described in
            paragraph (1), but shall not disburse the financial assistance
            until the Secretary has determined that the applicant for the
            financial assistance has complied with paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Farmland conservation plan implementation.--A person
            referred to in paragraph (1) shall carry out--
                        ``(A) the provisions of the plan that are described
                    in paragraph (1)(A)(i), on the receipt by the project
                    of financial assistance from the Secretary and for the
                    duration of solar energy production under the project;
                    and
                        ``(B) the provisions of the plan that are described
                    in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), on the cessation of solar
                    energy production under the project.
                ``(4) Compliance.--A person who fails to comply with
            paragraph (3) with respect to a project shall repay to the
            Secretary the full amount of the financial assistance provided
            by the Secretary to the person for the project.''.

            TITLE X--HORTICULTURE, MARKETING, AND REGULATORY REFORM

                            Subtitle A--Horticulture

    SEC. 10001. PLANT PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER PREVENTION.

        Section 420(f) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7721) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7);
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
                ``(6) $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through
            2024; and''; and
                (4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by striking
            ``$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2018'' and inserting
            ``$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

    SEC. 10002. SPECIALTY CROP BLOCK GRANTS.

        Section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7
    U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108-465) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``specialty crops, including--''
                    and inserting ``specialty crops through priorities
                    established by State program administrators in
                    consultation with specialty crop producers and producer
                    groups, including--'';
                (2) by striking subsection (e), and inserting the
            following:
        ``(e) Plan Requirements.--The State plan shall identify the lead
    agency charged with the responsibility of carrying out the plan and
    indicate--
                ``(1) how the grant funds will be utilized to enhance the
            competitiveness of specialty crops; and
                ``(2) how outreach to, and consultation with, specialty
            crop producers and producer groups will be achieved.''; and
                (3) in subsection (l)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                    subparagraph (F);
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following:
                        ``(E) $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018
                    through 2024; and''; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``$85,000,000 for fiscal year 2018'' and
                    inserting ``$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

    SEC. 10003. SPECIALTY CROPS MARKET NEWS ALLOCATION.

        Section 10107(b) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
    (7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 10004. OFFICE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE AND INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION.

        Section 222 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(3)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    inserting ``production'' after ``emerging
                    agricultural'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) by inserting ``controlled-environment
                            agriculture, including'' before ``hydroponic'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                    subparagraph (H); and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following:
                        ``(E) using the resources of the Department and of
                    State, Tribal, and local agencies to provide technical
                    assistance for business incorporation, navigating local
                    zoning, and managing farm tract numbers for smaller,
                    noncontiguous parcels to growers implementing
                    activities described in paragraph (3);
                        ``(F) using the resources of the Department and of
                    State, Tribal, and local agencies to promote
                    conservation techniques unique to urban agriculture and
                    innovative production, including techniques that
                    address stormwater runoff and the impacted nature of
                    urban land and the subsurface of the land;
                        ``(G) assisting urban and innovative producers in
                    navigating Federal, State, Tribal, and local policies
                    and regulations that impact business or operations;
                    and'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (7)(A), by striking ``the date
                    that is 5 years after the date on which the members are
                    appointed under paragraph (2)(B)'' and inserting
                    ``September 30, 2029'';
                (3) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
        ``(c) Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
                ``(1) Grants.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Director shall award
                    competitive grants to support the development of urban
                    and innovative agricultural production and technical or
                    financial assistance to producers.
                        ``(B) Subgrants.--An eligible entity may use funds
                    from a grant under subparagraph (A) to provide
                    subgrants to urban and innovative producers to support
                    the growth of the farm or farm business of the urban
                    and innovative producers.
                        ``(C) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to
                    receive a grant under subparagraph (A) is--
                                ``(i) a nonprofit organization;
                                ``(ii) a unit of local government;
                                ``(iii) a Tribal organization;
                                ``(iv) an agricultural cooperative or other
                            agricultural business entity or a producer
                            network or association; or
                                ``(v) a school that serves any of grades
                            kindergarten through grade 12.
                ``(2) Cooperative agreements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Director may enter into
                    cooperative agreements with eligible entities to
                    support the development of urban and innovative
                    agricultural production.
                        ``(B) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to
                    enter into cooperative agreements under subparagraph
                    (A) is--
                                ``(i) a nonprofit organization;
                                ``(ii) a unit of local government;
                                ``(iii) a Tribal organization; or
                                ``(iv) an agricultural cooperative or other
                            agricultural business entity or a producer
                            network or association.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Pilot'';
                        (B) by striking ``pilot'' each place it appears in
                    paragraphs (1) and (2);
                        (C) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``Not later
                    than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
                    section, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program
                    for not fewer than 5 years that'' and inserting ``The
                    Secretary shall continue to implement a program that'';
                        (D) in paragraph (1)(C), in the matter preceding
                    clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                    ``2029''; and
                        (E) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``and
                            construct at-scale composting, food-to-feed, or
                            anaerobic digestion food waste-to-energy
                            projects'' before the period at the end; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in the subparagraph heading,
                                    strike ``pilot'';
                                        (II) in the matter preceding clause
                                    (i), by inserting ``Tribal
                                    governments,'' after ``local
                                    governments,'';
                                        (III) by redesignating clauses (vi)
                                    through (viii) as clauses (vii) through
                                    (ix), respectively; and
                                        (IV) by inserting after clause (v)
                                    the following:
                                ``(vi) develop food waste-to-energy
                            operations;''; and
                (5) in subsection (e), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 10005. NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTICS NETWORK.

        Section 12203(c)(5) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7
    U.S.C. 8914(c)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 10006. HEMP PRODUCTION.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of
    1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639o) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as
            paragraphs (3) through (7), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Industrial hemp.--The term `industrial hemp' means
            hemp--
                        ``(A) grown for the use of the stalk of the plant,
                    fiber produced from such a stalk, or any other non-
                    cannabinoid derivative, mixture, preparation, or
                    manufacture of such a stalk;
                        ``(B) grown for the use of the whole grain, oil,
                    cake, nut, hull, or any other non-cannabinoid compound,
                    derivative, mixture, preparation, or manufacture of the
                    seeds of such plant;
                        ``(C) that is an immature hemp plant intended for
                    human consumption;
                        ``(D) that is a plant that does not enter the
                    stream of commerce and is intended to support hemp
                    research at an institution of higher education (as
                    defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of
                    1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) or an independent research
                    institute; or
                        ``(E) grown for the use of a viable seed of the
                    plant produced solely for the production or manufacture
                    of any material described in subparagraphs (A) through
                    (D).''.
        (b) State and Tribal Plans.--Section 297B of the Agricultural
    Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by redesignating clauses (ii)
                                    through (vii) as clauses (iii) through
                                    (viii), respectively;
                                        (II) by inserting after clause (i)
                                    the following:
                                ``(ii) a procedure under which a hemp
                            producer shall be required to designate the
                            type of production of the hemp producer as--
                                        ``(I) only industrial hemp; or
                                        ``(II) hemp grown for any purpose
                                    other than industrial hemp;''; and
                                        (III) in clause (iii), as
                                    redesignated by clause (i) of this
                                    subparagraph, by inserting ``except as
                                    provided in subparagraph (B)(i),''
                                    before ``a procedure''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``include any other practice'' and inserting
                            the following: ``include--
                                ``(i) notwithstanding subparagraph
                            (A)(iii), a procedure for the use of visual
                            inspections, performance-based sampling
                            methodologies, certified seed, or a similar
                            procedure when developing sampling plans for
                            any producer who elects to be designated as a
                            producer of only industrial hemp under
                            subparagraph (A)(ii)(I);
                                ``(ii) notwithstanding subsection
                            (e)(3)(B)(i), a procedure for eliminating the
                            10-year period of ineligibility following the
                            date of conviction for a felony related to a
                            controlled substance for producers who elect to
                            be designated as producers of only industrial
                            hemp under subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                                ``(iii) any other practice''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Inspection of industrial hemp producers.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If a State or Tribal plan
                    referred to in paragraph (1) includes procedures for
                    reducing or eliminating sampling or testing
                    requirements under paragraph (2)(B)(i) for a producer
                    of industrial hemp, the State or Indian tribe shall
                    require the producer to provide documentation that
                    demonstrates a clear intent to produce, and use in-
                    field practices consistent with production of, only
                    industrial hemp, such as a seed tag, sales contract,
                    Farm Service Agency report, harvest technique, or
                    harvest inspection.
                        ``(B) Testing.--If a producer fails to provide the
                    documentation required under subparagraph (A), the
                    State or Indian tribe involved shall require the
                    producer to conduct the testing described in paragraph
                    (2)(A)(iii).''; and
                (2) in subsection (e)(3)--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) Reporting.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In the case of a State
                            department of agriculture or a Tribal
                            government with respect to which a State or
                            Tribal plan is approved under subsection (b),
                            such State department of agriculture or Tribal
                            government (as applicable) shall immediately
                            report a hemp producer to the Attorney General,
                            and, as applicable, the chief law enforcement
                            officer of the State or Indian tribe, if the
                            State department of agriculture or Tribal
                            government (as applicable) determines that the
                            hemp producer has--
                                        ``(I) violated the State or Tribal
                                    plan with a culpable mental state
                                    greater than negligence; or
                                        ``(II) violated the State or Tribal
                                    plan by producing a crop that is
                                    inconsistent with the designation of
                                    only industrial hemp under subsection
                                    (a)(2)(A)(ii).
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not
                            apply with respect to--
                                        ``(I) a violation described in
                                    subclause (I) of clause (i); or
                                        ``(II) the production of a crop
                                    inconsistent with its designation, as
                                    described in subclause (II) of such
                                    clause.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by amending clause (ii) to
                    read as follows:
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not
                            apply to any person growing hemp that
                            designates the type of production as only
                            industrial hemp under subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii)
                            if--
                                        ``(I) the State or Tribal plan
                                    approved under subsection (b) includes
                                    a procedure described in subsection
                                    (a)(2)(B)(ii); or
                                        ``(II) the plan established by the
                                    Secretary under section 297C includes a
                                    procedure described in subsection
                                    (a)(2)(B)(ii) of such section.''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Production inconsistent with industrial hemp
                    designation.--Any person who knowingly produces a crop
                    that is inconsistent with the designation of only
                    industrial hemp under subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) shall be
                    ineligible to participate in the program established
                    under this section for a period of 5 years beginning on
                    the date of the violation.''.
        (c) Department of Agriculture.--Section 297C of the Agricultural
    Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``paragraph (1) shall'' and
                            all that follows through ``practice to
                            maintain'' and inserting the following:
                            ``paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) shall include--
                                ``(i) a practice to maintain'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C), by redesignating
                            clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and
                            (II), respectively, and moving the margins of
                            such subclauses (as so redesignated) two ems to
                            the right;
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (B)
                            through (E) as clauses (iii) through (vi),
                            respectively, and moving the margins of such
                            clauses (as so redesignated) two ems to the
                            right;
                                (iv) by inserting after clause (i) (as
                            designated by clause (i) of this subparagraph)
                            the following:
                                ``(ii) a procedure under which the
                            Secretary shall require a hemp producer to
                            designate the type of production of the hemp
                            producer as--
                                        ``(I) only industrial hemp; or
                                        ``(II) hemp grown for any purpose
                                    other than industrial hemp;'';
                                (v) in clause (iii) (as redesignated by
                            clause (iii) of this subparagraph), by
                            inserting ``except as provided in subparagraph
                            (B)(i),'' before ``a procedure'';
                                (vi) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                                (vii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) may include--
                                ``(i) notwithstanding subparagraph
                            (A)(iii), a procedure for the use of visual
                            inspections, performance-based sampling
                            methodologies, certified seed, or a similar
                            procedure when developing sampling plans for
                            any producer who elects to be designated as a
                            producer of only industrial hemp under
                            subparagraph (A)(ii);
                                ``(ii) notwithstanding section
                            297B(e)(3)(B)(i), a procedure for eliminating
                            the 10-year period of ineligibility following
                            the date of conviction for a felony related to
                            a controlled substance for producers who elect
                            to be designated as producers of only
                            industrial hemp under subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                                ``(iii) such other practices or procedures
                            as the Secretary considers to be appropriate,
                            to the extent that the practice or procedure is
                            consistent with this subtitle.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Inspections of industrial hemp producers.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If a plan referred to in
                    paragraph (1) includes procedures for reducing or
                    eliminating sampling or testing requirements under
                    paragraph (2)(B)(i) for a producer of only industrial
                    hemp, the Secretary shall require the producer to
                    provide documentation that demonstrates a clear intent
                    to produce, and use in-field practices consistent with
                    production of, industrial hemp, such as a seed tag,
                    sales contract, Farm Service Agency report, harvest
                    technique, or harvest inspection.
                        ``(B) Testing.--If a producer fails to provide the
                    appropriate documentation required under subparagraph
                    (A), the Secretary shall require the producer to
                    conduct the testing described in paragraph
                    (2)(A)(iii).''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii)
                            as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;
                                (ii) by inserting before clause (ii) (as so
                            redesignated), the following:
                                ``(i) the designation of the type of
                            production of the hemp producers under section
                            297B(a)(2)(A)(ii) or under subsection
                            (a)(2)(A)(ii) of this section;''; and
                                (iii) in clause (iii), (as so
                            redesignated), by striking the period at the
                            end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) the laboratory certificate of analysis for
                    hemp disposed of under section 297B(a)(2)(A)(iv) or
                    subsection (a)(2)(A)(iv) of this section.''.
        (d) Regulations and Guidelines; Effect on Other Law.--Section 297D
    of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639r) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``regulations and
            guidelines'' and inserting ``administration, regulations, and
            guidelines''; and
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Promulgation of Regulations and Guidelines'' and
                    inserting ``Administration, Regulations, and
                    Guidelines''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Laboratory accreditation.--The Secretary, in
            consultation with the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement
            Administration, shall establish a process by which the
            Department of Agriculture can issue certificates of
            accreditation to laboratories for the purposes of testing hemp
            in accordance with this subtitle.''.

    SEC. 10007. PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT OF
                  GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS BY CERTAIN
                  AUTHORIZED PARTIES.

        Subtitle A of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711 et seq.) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 420A. PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT OF
                  GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS BY CERTAIN
                  AUTHORIZED PARTIES.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered microorganism.--The term `covered
            microorganism'--
                        ``(A) means a genetically engineered microorganism
                    that is a plant pest or may pose a plant pest risk; and
                        ``(B) does not include listed agents or toxins (as
                    defined in section 212(l) of the Agricultural
                    Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C.
                    8401(l))).
                ``(2) Covered unauthorized release.--The term `covered
            unauthorized release' means an unauthorized release of a
            covered microorganism, including such a release that a
            responsible party suspects took place.
                ``(3) Pilot program.--The term `pilot program' means the
            pilot program established under subsection (b).
                ``(4) Plant pest risk.--The term `plant pest risk' has the
            meaning given such term in section 340.3 of title 7, Code of
            Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
                ``(5) Responsible party.--The term `responsible party'
            means a partnership, corporation, association, joint venture,
            or other legal entity that--
                        ``(A) has a physical address in the United States;
                        ``(B) is not owned by or otherwise affiliated with
                    the government of a country of concern (as defined in
                    section 10638 of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C.
                    19237));
                        ``(C) has more than 1 responsible party
                    biocontainment facility;
                        ``(D) employs quality control personnel that are
                    capable of overseeing the movement and control of
                    covered microorganisms;
                        ``(E) has, in each of the 3 years preceding
                    enrollment in the pilot program, moved plant pests
                    pursuant to permits granted by the Secretary under this
                    Act;
                        ``(F) has the ability and resources to ensure
                    compliance with the requirements under subsection (e)
                    for the duration of the pilot program;
                        ``(G) has implemented the precautions specified in
                    subsection (e) to prevent the unauthorized release of
                    covered microorganisms; and
                        ``(H) has not, during the 5-year period preceding
                    the date on which the relevant application is submitted
                    under subsection (c)--
                                ``(i) caused an unauthorized release of a
                            plant pest;
                                ``(ii) materially failed to comply with a
                            permit granted by the Secretary for the
                            interstate movement of plant pests; or
                                ``(iii) violated any provision of this
                            section (including regulations promulgated
                            thereunder).
                ``(6) Responsible party biocontainment facility.--The term
            `responsible party biocontainment facility'--
                        ``(A) means a physical structure or portion
                    thereof, constructed and maintained in order to contain
                    plant pests, that is under the control of, or operated
                    by, a responsible party within the contiguous United
                    States; and
                        ``(B) includes sites under the control of, or
                    operated by, any parent organization, subsidiary, or
                    affiliate of the responsible party.
        ``(b) Establishment.--Not later than 100 days after the date of
    enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish a pilot
    program under which the Secretary shall authorize not more than 75
    responsible parties--
                ``(1) to move covered microorganisms in interstate commerce
            between responsible party biocontainment facilities without a
            permit; and
                ``(2) to maintain control over and dispose of such covered
            microorganisms.
        ``(c) Application.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall accept applications
            from responsible parties for enrollment in the pilot program
            during a 45-day application period, beginning on the date on
            which the pilot program is established under subsection (b),
            using a web-based application process established by the
            Secretary.
                ``(2) Contents.--An application submitted by a responsible
            party for enrollment in the pilot program shall include the
            following:
                        ``(A) The name and contact information of the
                    responsible party and any agent of the responsible
                    party that will be involved in the movement of a
                    covered microorganism.
                        ``(B) The methods by which a covered microorganism
                    will be moved and the measures taken to ensure that
                    there is no unauthorized release of the covered
                    microorganism.
                        ``(C) The manner in which a shipping container,
                    packaging material, or any other material accompanying
                    the covered microorganism will be disposed of to
                    prevent the unauthorized release of a covered
                    microorganism.
                        ``(D) A list of responsible party biocontainment
                    facilities to which the responsible party intends to
                    move covered microorganisms.
                        ``(E) A list of the predominant covered
                    microorganism chassis strains that, at the time of the
                    application, the responsible party intends to move.
                        ``(F) A sworn certification that the responsible
                    party meets each criterion specified in subsection
                    (a)(5).
                ``(3) Supplemental applications.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A responsible party may submit a
                    supplemental application to the Secretary to update a
                    list under subparagraph (D) or (E) of paragraph (2) at
                    any time during such enrollment. The Secretary shall
                    make a determination with respect to such supplemental
                    application not later than 30 days after the date on
                    which such supplemental application is submitted to the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(B) Denials.--The Secretary may only deny a
                    supplemental application if the Secretary has made the
                    determination set forth in subsection (d)(2)(B). A
                    denial of a supplemental application shall be subject
                    to appeal in accordance with the terms specified in
                    subsection (d)(3).
        ``(d) Selection Process.--
                ``(1) Timing.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) evaluate applications received under
                    subsection (c)(1) in the order in which the
                    applications are received; and
                        ``(B) approve or deny all applications received
                    during the period described in that subsection not
                    later than 45 days after the end of that period.
                ``(2) Denial.--The Secretary shall deny an application
            received under subsection (c)(1) if--
                        ``(A) the Secretary has already selected 75
                    responsible parties for enrollment in the pilot
                    program; or
                        ``(B) the Secretary determines that the responsible
                    party submitting the application does not meet each
                    criterion specified in subsection (a)(5).
                ``(3) Appeal.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A responsible party seeking to
                    enroll in the pilot program whose application has been
                    denied under paragraph (2) may submit to the Secretary
                    a written appeal within--
                                ``(i) the 10-day period beginning on the
                            date on which the responsible party receives
                            written notification of the denial; or
                                ``(ii) a longer period, if the responsible
                            party makes a request for additional time to
                            submit such appeal and the Secretary grants
                            such request.
                        ``(B) Decision.--The Secretary shall, within a
                    reasonably prompt period, grant or deny an appeal under
                    subparagraph (A) in writing, which shall include the
                    reasons for the decision.
        ``(e) Requirements.--A responsible party shall, as a condition of
    enrollment in the pilot program, agree to--
                ``(1) maintain, move, and dispose of covered microorganisms
            in a manner that prevents unauthorized release, spread,
            dispersal, or persistence of those covered microorganisms in
            the environment;
                ``(2) unless otherwise authorized under a permit under this
            Act, only move a covered microorganism between sites that are
            responsible party biocontainment facilities;
                ``(3) maintain, move, and dispose of each covered
            microorganism separately from other organisms;
                ``(4) ensure that each covered microorganism is maintained,
            moved, and disposed of in a manner commensurate with the plant
            pest risk posed by that covered microorganism;
                ``(5) use, at a minimum, a package for movement--
                        ``(A) that consists of a securely sealed inner and
                    outer container, each of which is an effective barrier
                    to the escape or unauthorized dissemination of the
                    covered microorganism;
                        ``(B) the inner container of which--
                                ``(i) contains all of the applicable
                            covered microorganism; and
                                ``(ii) is cushioned and sealed in such a
                            manner as to remain sealed during any shock,
                            impact, or change in pressure; and
                        ``(C) the outer container of which is rigid and
                    strong enough to withstand typical shipping conditions
                    (such as dropping, stacking, and impact from other
                    freight) without opening;
                ``(6) on request, grant the Secretary access--
                        ``(A) to sample materials associated with the
                    interstate movement of covered microorganisms under the
                    pilot program;
                        ``(B) to observe and inspect the interstate
                    movement of those covered microorganisms; and
                        ``(C) to audit records of the activities of the
                    responsible party under the pilot program;
                ``(7) maintain detailed and accurate records of all
            activities carried out under the pilot program to demonstrate
            compliance with the applicable requirements;
                ``(8) on request, grant the Secretary access to each
            responsible party biocontainment facility for inspection in
            relation to a responsible party's enrollment in the pilot
            program; and
                ``(9) comply with any additional requirement for the
            containment of covered microorganisms in interstate commerce
            that the Secretary may require if--
                        ``(A) the Secretary determines that such an
                    additional requirement is reasonable; and
                        ``(B) the sole purpose of such additional
                    requirement is to avoid a covered unauthorized release.
        ``(f) Prohibition on Certain Preferences.--In carrying out the
    pilot program, the Secretary shall take no action or promulgate any
    regulation that--
                ``(1) treats genetically engineered covered microorganisms
            less favorably than nongenetically engineered covered
            microorganisms; or
                ``(2) limits the quantity or type of covered microorganisms
            that may be moved under the pilot program between responsible
            party biocontainment facilities.
        ``(g) Reporting by Responsible Parties.--A responsible party shall
    submit to the Secretary a quarterly report that describes the
    activities of the responsible party under the pilot program during the
    period covered by the report, including--
                ``(1) a description of each covered microorganism moved in
            interstate commerce, including--
                        ``(A) the 1 or more countries or localities at
                    which the covered microorganism was collected,
                    developed, manufactured, reared, cultivated, or
                    cultured, as applicable;
                        ``(B) the genus, species, and any relevant
                    subspecies and common name information of the covered
                    microorganism; and
                        ``(C) when applicable, a brief description of the
                    genetic modifications made in the microorganism,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the intended phenotype that the 1 or
                            more modifications are expected to confer;
                                ``(ii) any targeted deletions, insertions,
                            or base pair substitutions; and
                                ``(iii) the genetic elements used in
                            imparting the modification, including the name,
                            donor organism, and a brief description of the
                            function;
                ``(2) each method by which the covered microorganism was
            moved in interstate commerce;
                ``(3) the quantity of the covered microorganism moved in
            interstate commerce; and
                ``(4) the specific responsible party biocontainment
            facilities between which the covered microorganism was moved in
            interstate commerce.
        ``(h) Unauthorized Release.--In the case of a covered unauthorized
    release, a responsible party shall--
                ``(1) contact the applicable office within the Animal and
            Plant Health Inspection Service within 48 hours of discovery of
            the covered unauthorized release; and
                ``(2) submit to the Secretary a statement of facts
            pertaining to such release, in writing, not later than 5
            business days after the date of that discovery.
        ``(i) Disenrollment From Pilot Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall terminate the
            enrollment of a responsible party in the pilot program if the
            Secretary has a sound factual basis to determine that--
                        ``(A) the responsible party no longer meets the
                    eligibility criteria of a responsible party described
                    in subsection (a)(5);
                        ``(B) the responsible party has materially failed
                    to comply with the requirements under subsection (e);
                    or
                        ``(C) as a result of a failure by a responsible
                    party under subparagraph (B), the responsible party
                    caused a covered unauthorized release during the pilot
                    program.
                ``(2) Disenrollment decision.--If the Secretary terminates
            the enrollment of a responsible party under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall submit that decision in writing to the
            responsible party.
                ``(3) Appeal.--The appeal process described in subsection
            (d)(3) shall apply in the case of a responsible party that
            seeks to appeal a termination of enrollment under paragraph
            (1).
        ``(j) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date
    that is 3 years after the date on which the Secretary completes the
    application selection process under subsection (d)(1)(B).
        ``(k) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    termination of the pilot program described in subsection (j), the
    Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes--
                ``(1) the activities carried out under the pilot program,
            including--
                        ``(A) the quantities and identities of covered
                    microorganisms that were moved; and
                        ``(B) a description of any unauthorized release of
                    covered microorganisms that were moved, including a
                    description of the cause and consequence of any
                    unauthorized release; and
                ``(2) recommendations on--
                        ``(A) whether the pilot program should become a
                    permanent program; and
                        ``(B) whether, as a permanent program, changes
                    should be made to the criteria for a responsible party
                    under subsection (a)(5) or to the requirements under
                    subsection (e).''.

                             Subtitle B--Marketing

    SEC. 10101. MARKETING ORDERS.

        Section 8e(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608e-
    1(a)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing
    Agreement Act of 1937, is amended--
                (1) by inserting ``almonds,'' after ``onions,''; and
                (2) by striking ``, other than dates for processing,'' each
            place it appears.

    SEC. 10102. LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM.

        Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C.
    1627c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (13) as
                    paragraphs (6) through (14), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Food hub.--The term `food hub' means a business or
            organization that actively manages the aggregation,
            distribution, and marketing of source-identified food products
            to multiple buyers from multiple producers, who are primarily
            local and regional producers, to strengthen the ability of such
            producers to satisfy local and regional wholesale, retail, and
            institutional demands.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(4), by inserting ``, regional food
            chain coordination,'' after ``collaboration'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(4), by striking ``stakeholders'' and
            inserting ``stakeholders before and after providing grants
            under the program'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (I), by striking ``or''
                            ;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (J)(ii), by striking
                            the period at the end and inserting ``; or'';
                            and
                                (iii) by inserting at the end the
                            following:
                        ``(K) to support the purchase of special purpose
                    equipment.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by redesignating clauses (vii)
                                    and (viii) as clauses (viii) and (ix),
                                    respectively; and
                                        (II) by inserting after clause (vi)
                                    the following:
                                ``(vii) a food hub;'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding clause
                                    (i), by striking ``applications that''
                                    and inserting ``applications, outreach,
                                    and technical assistance that would'' ;
                                        (II) in clause (i), by striking
                                    ``or'' at the end;
                                        (III) by redesignating clause (ii)
                                    as clause (iii);
                                        (IV) by inserting after clause (i)
                                    the following:
                                ``(ii) provide greater geographic balance
                            relative to the benefits of the Program; or'';
                            and
                                        (V) in clause (iii) (as so
                                    redesignated), by striking ``are used''
                                    and inserting ``be used'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D)
                            and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F); and
                                (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) Simplified applications.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall
                            establish a simplified application form for
                            eligible entities described in subparagraph (B)
                            that--
                                        ``(I) request less than $100,000;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) choose from the project
                                    categories described in clause (ii),
                                    which shall include a specific, limited
                                    set of key activities with predefined
                                    requirements established by the
                                    Secretary.
                                ``(ii) Project categories.--The Secretary
                            shall establish a simplified application form
                            for the following project categories but may
                            include additional project categories as
                            necessary:
                                        ``(I) Direct-to-consumer
                                    projects.--In the case of a direct-to-
                                    consumer project, an application form
                                    described in clause (i) may be
                                    available for the following categories
                                    of projects:
                                                ``(aa) An outreach and
                                            promotion project.
                                                ``(bb) A project to provide
                                            funding for farmers market
                                            manager staff time.
                                                ``(cc) A project to provide
                                            vendor training.
                                                ``(dd) A planning and
                                            design project.
                                                ``(ee) A data collection
                                            and evaluation project.
                                        ``(II) Local and regional food
                                    markets and enterprise projects.--In
                                    the case of a local and regional food
                                    market and enterprise project, an
                                    application form described in clause
                                    (i) may be available for the following
                                    categories of projects:
                                                ``(aa) A food hub
                                            feasibility study project.
                                                ``(bb) A project to provide
                                            funding for regional food chain
                                            coordination staff time.
                                                ``(cc) A project to provide
                                            technical assistance.
                                                ``(dd) A data collection
                                            and evaluation project.
                                                ``(ee) A project to support
                                            the purchase of special purpose
                                            equipment.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)(2)(A), by striking ``2019 through
            2023'' and all that follows through the period at the end and
            inserting the following: ``2025 through 2029 to support
            partnerships--
                                ``(i) to plan a local or regional food
                            system;
                                ``(ii) to implement a local or regional
                            food system plan;
                                ``(iii) to develop and implement a regional
                            food chain coordination project; and
                                ``(iv) to develop and implement a regional
                            outreach, technical assistance, and evaluation
                            project.'';
                (6) in subsection (f)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``subsection
                    (d); or'' and inserting ``subsection (d)(5)'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                    subparagraph (C); and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                    following:
                        ``(B) are eligible to submit an application in
                    accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D); or''; and
                (7) in subsection (i)(3)(B)--
                        (A) by striking ``Of the funds'' and inserting the
                    following:
                                ``(i) In general.--Of the funds''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) Simplified applications.--Of the
                            funds made available for grants under
                            subsection (d)(6) for a fiscal year, not less
                            than 10 percent, and not more than 50 percent,
                            shall be used to provide grants to eligible
                            entities that submit an application in
                            accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D).''.

    SEC. 10103. ACER ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

        Section 12306 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 1632c) is
    amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections
            (f) and (g), respectively;
                (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Consultations.--
                ``(1) In general.--Beginning with the first request for
            applications under this section that occurs at least 1 year
            after the date of enactment of this Act, not later than 6
            months before such a request for applications, the Secretary
            shall solicit input from maple syrup industry stakeholders with
            respect to the research and education priorities of the maple
            syrup industry.
                ``(2) Consideration.--The Secretary shall consider the
            information provided through the consultation required under
            paragraph (1) when making grants under this section.''; and
                (3) in subsection (g), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 10104. ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA INITIATIVE.

        Section 7407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 5925c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) collect and publish cost-of-production data for
            organic milk, through support from regional and national
            programs, including regularly reported data related to--
                        ``(A) the costs of major organic feedstuffs,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the prices for major organic
                            feedstuffs produced domestically;
                                ``(ii) the prices for imported major
                            organic feedstuffs; and
                                ``(iii) all other costs relating to the
                            production of organic milk;
                        ``(B) establishment of an Organic All Milk Prices
                    Survey, which shall be analogous to the existing All
                    Milk Prices Survey conducted by the National
                    Agricultural Statistics Service, to gather and report
                    monthly data about the amounts organic dairy farmers
                    are being paid for organic milk and prices received for
                    organic dairy cows, including--
                                ``(i) national data; and
                                ``(ii) data relating to, at a minimum, the
                            6 regions with the greatest quantity of organic
                            dairy production; and
                        ``(C) periodic organic milk reporting under which
                    the Secretary, using data collected by the National
                    Agricultural Statistics Service, the Economic Research
                    Service, or the Agricultural Marketing Service,
                    publishes new periodic reports that include, or add to
                    existing periodic reports relating to, data for organic
                    milk, which shall be equivalent to data reported for
                    conventionally produced milk.''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years
                    2025 through 2029.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 10105. ORGANIC CERTIFICATION.

        (a) Reports.--Section 2122(d)(1) of the Organic Foods Production
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2029''.
        (b) Organic Technical Assistance.--The Organic Foods Production Act
    of 1990 is amended by inserting after section 2122A (7 U.S.C. 6521a)
    the following:

    ``SEC. 2122B. ORGANIC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        ``(a) In General.--In carrying out this title, the Secretary may
    provide technical assistance, outreach, and education to support
    organic production through existing programs implemented by a covered
    agency.
        ``(b) Covered Agency.--For the purposes of this section, the term
    `covered agency' means--
                ``(1) the Agricultural Marketing Service;
                ``(2) the Agricultural Research Service;
                ``(3) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture;
                ``(4) the Farm Service Agency;
                ``(5) the Risk Management Agency;
                ``(6) the Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                ``(7) the Rural Business-Cooperative Service;
                ``(8) the Food and Nutrition Service; and
                ``(9) other agencies, as determined by the Secretary.''.
        (c) Funding.--Section 2123(b)(6) of the Organic Foods Production
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522(b)(6)) is amended by striking ``for fiscal
    year 2023'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal years 2023 through
    2029''.
        (d) Modernization and Improvement of International Trade Technology
    Systems and Data Collection Funding.--Section 2123(c)(4) of the Organic
    Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522(c)(4)) is amended, in the
    matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``and $1,000,000 for
    fiscal year 2024'' and inserting ``, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2024,
    and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

    SEC. 10106. NATIONAL ORGANIC CERTIFICATION COST-SHARE PROGRAM.

        Section 10606(d)(1)(C) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment
    Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 6523(d)(1)(C)) is amended by striking ``for each
    of fiscal years 2022 through 2024'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal
    years 2022 through 2029''.

    SEC. 10107. REPORT ON PROCUREMENT.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Farm,
    Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
    report that examines--
                (1) the process by which domestic commodities or products
            (as defined in section 220.16 of title 7, Code of Federal
            Regulations (or any successor regulation)) are procured by the
            Secretary, including the solicitation process used to procure
            such commodities or products;
                (2) barriers to entry into such procurement process that
            are for nontraditional, culturally relevant, or local and
            regional commodities or products;
                (3) the diet quality and accessibility of commodities or
            products that are so procured; and
                (4) the Secretary's recommendations for administrative,
            regulatory, and legislative changes to improve such procurement
            process.

                         Subtitle C--Regulatory Reform

          PART I--FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT

    SEC. 10201. EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
    and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (v) to read as follows:
        ``(v) Plant Regulator.--
                ``(1) In general.--The term `plant regulator' means any
            substance or mixture of substances intended, through
            physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of
            growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the
            behavior of plants or the produce thereof.
                ``(2) Exclusions.--Such term shall not include--
                        ``(A) substances to the extent that they are--
                                ``(i) intended to be produced and used
                            within a plant; or
                                ``(ii) intended as plant nutrients, trace
                            elements, nutritional chemicals, plant
                            inoculants, soil amendments, or vitamin hormone
                            products; or
                        ``(B) plant biostimulants that--
                                ``(i) have a low-risk profile in relation
                            to humans and other organisms, as determined by
                            the Agency; and
                                ``(ii) are of biological origin or include
                            chemical compounds that are synthetically
                            derived, but structurally-similar and
                            functionally identical to, substances of
                            biological origin.'';
                (2) in subsection (hh)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``substances.'' and inserting
                            ``substances''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking ``volatilization
                                    urease'' and inserting
                                    ``volatilization, or urease'';
                                        (II) by striking the period at the
                                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
                ``(4) a plant biostimulant; or
                ``(5) a nutritional chemical.''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(pp) Plant Biostimulant.--The term `plant biostimulant' means any
    substance or mixture of substances that, when applied to seeds, plants,
    the rhizosphere, or soil or other growth media, acts to support a
    plant's natural nutrition processes independently of the nutrient
    content of that substance or mixture of substances, and that thereby
    improves--
                ``(1) nutrient availability, uptake, or use efficiency;
                ``(2) tolerance to abiotic stress; or
                ``(3) consequent growth, development, quality, or yield.
        ``(qq) Nutritional Chemical.--The term `nutritional chemical' means
    any substance or mixture of substances that interacts with plant
    nutrients in a manner that improves nutrient availability or aids the
    plant in acquiring or utilizing plant nutrients.
        ``(rr) Vitamin Hormone Product.--The term `vitamin hormone product'
    means a product that--
                ``(1) consists of a mixture of plant hormones, plant
            nutrients, plant inoculants, soil amendments, trace elements,
            nutritional chemicals, plant biostimulants, or vitamins that is
            intended for the improvement, maintenance, survival, health,
            and propagation of plants;
                ``(2) is nontoxic and nonpoisonous in the undiluted
            packaged concentrations of the product; and
                ``(3) is not intended for use on food crop sites and is
            labeled accordingly.
        ``(ss) Plant-incorporated Protectant.--
                ``(1) In general.--The term `plant-incorporated protectant'
            means a pesticide that is--
                        ``(A) intended for preventing, destroying,
                    repelling, or mitigating a pest; and
                        ``(B) a substance or mixture of substances intended
                    to be produced and used within a living plant, or in
                    the produce thereof, and the genetic material necessary
                    for its production.
                ``(2) Inclusions.--Such term includes any inert ingredient
            (as defined in section 174.3 of title 40, Code of Federal
            Regulations (or any successor regulation)).''.
        (b) Exemption From Regulation.--Section 25(b) of the Federal
    Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136w(b)) is
    amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Exemption of Pesticides.--
                ``(1) Exemption by rule.--The Administrator may exempt from
            the requirements of this Act by regulation any pesticide which
            the Administrator determines either--
                        ``(A) to be adequately regulated by another Federal
                    agency; or
                        ``(B) to be of a character which is unnecessary to
                    be subject to this Act in order to carry out the
                    purposes of this Act.
                ``(2) Exemption for certain plant-incorporated
            protectants.--
                        ``(A) Exemption.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Upon the issuance of
                            guidance as described in subparagraph (B),
                            plant-incorporated protectants resulting from
                            endogenous genetic material found within or
                            that could arise from the plant's gene pool are
                            exempt from the requirements of this Act.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--A specific plant-
                            incorporated protectant arising from endogenous
                            genetic material found within or that could
                            arise from the plant's gene pool shall not be
                            exempt from the requirements of this Act if the
                            Administrator determines that such plant-
                            incorporated protectant is of a character which
                            is necessary to be subject to this Act in order
                            to carry out the purposes of this Act.
                        ``(B) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2024, the Administrator shall issue
                    guidance for the implementation of subparagraph (A).
                    The Administrator may update such guidance, as the
                    Administrator determines to be appropriate.
                        ``(C) Order.--
                                ``(i) In general.--If the Administrator
                            makes a determination described in subparagraph
                            (A)(ii) with respect to a plant-incorporated
                            protectant, the Administrator shall issue an
                            order explaining the basis for such
                            determination, which may be issued directly to
                            any person who owns, controls, or has custody
                            of such plant-incorporated protectant or
                            published in the Federal Register.
                                ``(ii) Effect of order.--After receipt or
                            publication of an order described in clause
                            (i), the plant-incorporated protectant
                            described in the order will no longer be exempt
                            from the requirements of this Act.''.
        (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 17(c) of the Federal
    Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136o(c)) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``(as defined in section 174.3 of title 40,
                    Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
                    regulation))'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) that plant-incorporated protectant is exempt
                    under section 25(b)(2) or part 174 of title 40, Code of
                    Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation).'';
                    and
                (2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``(as defined in
            section 174.3 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
            successor regulation))''.

    SEC. 10202. COORDINATION.

        Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
    Act (7 U.S.C. 136a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Coordination.--
                ``(1) Risk mitigation measures.--If any risk mitigation
            measures are required for any pesticide registered under this
            Act, the Administrator shall--
                        ``(A) develop such measures in coordination with
                    the Secretary of Agriculture; and
                        ``(B) conduct, and publish in the docket, with the
                    corresponding action, an economic analysis determining
                    the cost of implementation of such measures.
                ``(2) Data and information.--
                        ``(A) Coordination of data and information.--With
                    regard to the registration or registration review of a
                    pesticide under this Act and for making a determination
                    under section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
                    Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 346a) with respect to any
                    action that impacts the sale, distribution, or use of a
                    pesticide, the Administrator shall coordinate with the
                    Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Director
                    of the Office of Pest Management Policy, so that the
                    Administrator has for the Administrator's use and
                    consideration for such processes--
                                ``(i) agronomic use data from--
                                        ``(I) the Department of
                                    Agriculture; and
                                        ``(II) industry; and
                                ``(ii) any information relating to the
                            availability and economic viability of
                            alternatives to such pesticide.
                        ``(B) Data and information.--When issuing any
                    decision resulting from the processes referred to in
                    subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish--
                                ``(i) a description of the use by the
                            Administrator of any data or information
                            provided by the Secretary of Agriculture under
                            subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) the determination of the
                            Administrator on whether to use such data or
                            information, including, as applicable, the
                            reasons that the data or information was not
                            used.
                ``(3) Reasonable and prudent actions and measures.--For
            implementation of reasonable and prudent actions and measures
            with respect to the use of a pesticide registered under this
            Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with the Secretary of
            Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary
            of Commerce--
                        ``(A) to review the development of any such actions
                    and measures that are a result of consultations
                    relating to actions under this Act;
                        ``(B) to fully consider the risks and benefits of
                    any such actions and measures in a manner consistent
                    with practices established to evaluate the risks and
                    benefits of a pesticide registered under this Act; and
                        ``(C) to provide feedback to the Secretary of the
                    Interior and the Secretary of Commerce on decisions
                    relating to any such actions and measures that may
                    affect end users of a pesticide registered under this
                    Act.
                ``(4) Waiver.--The coordination requirements imposed by
            this subsection may be waived or modified for a specific action
            to the extent agreed upon by the Administrator, the Secretary
            of Agriculture, and the registrant so long as such agreement is
            published by the Administrator in the docket for the
            corresponding action.''.

    SEC. 10203. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.

        Section 3(c)(11) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
    Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a(c)(11)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (B)--
                        (A) by striking ``The Administrator shall'' and
                    inserting the following:
                                ``(i) In general.--The Administrator
                            shall''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) Participation.--The Secretary of
                            Agriculture shall include the Director of the
                            Office of Pest Management Policy in all
                            meetings of the interagency working group.'';
                (2) in subparagraph (D)--
                        (A) in clause (iv)--
                                (i) by striking ``every 180 days
                            thereafter'' and inserting ``each year
                            thereafter''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``during the 5-year period
                            beginning on that date''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) Availability.--All reports required
                            under this subparagraph shall be published on
                            the website of the Environmental Protection
                            Agency.''; and
                (3) by amending subparagraph (E) to read as follows:
                        ``(E) Consultation.--
                                ``(i) Working group with private sector.--
                            In carrying out the duties under this
                            paragraph, the working group shall, as
                            appropriate--
                                        ``(I) consult, including through
                                    public meetings, with representatives
                                    of interested industry stakeholders and
                                    nongovernmental organizations not less
                                    than once every year; and
                                        ``(II) take into consideration
                                    factors, such as actual and potential
                                    differences in interest between, and
                                    the views of, those stakeholders and
                                    organizations.
                                ``(ii) Administrator with working group.--
                            Before the Administrator implements any policy,
                            strategy, workplan, or pilot program regarding
                            the application of the Endangered Species Act
                            of 1973 (16 U.S.C.1531 et seq.) to the
                            processes for the registration or registration
                            review of a pesticide under this Act, the
                            Administrator shall--
                                        ``(I) consult with the covered
                                    agencies on the policy, strategy,
                                    workplan, or pilot program and take
                                    into consideration input received; and
                                        ``(II) publish the input received
                                    from the covered agencies in the docket
                                    with the corresponding policy,
                                    strategy, workplan, or pilot
                                    program.''.

    SEC. 10204. UNIFORMITY OF PESTICIDE LABELING REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 24(b) of the Federal Insecticide,
    Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136v(b)) shall be applied to
    require uniformity in national pesticide labeling, and prohibit any
    State, instrumentality or political subdivision thereof, or a court
    from directly or indirectly imposing or continuing in effect any
    requirements for, or penalize or hold liable any entity for failing to
    comply with requirements with respect to, labeling or packaging that is
    in addition to or different from the labeling or packaging approved by
    the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (referred to
    in this section as the ``Administrator'') under such Act (7 U.S.C. 136
    et seq.), including any requirements relating to warnings on such
    labeling or packaging.
        (b) Prohibition.--The Administrator may not issue or adopt any
    guidance or any policy, take any regulatory action, or approve any
    labeling (or change to such labeling) that is inconsistent with or in
    any respect different from the conclusion of--
                (1) a human health assessment performed pursuant to the
            Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C.
            136 et seq.); or
                (2) a carcinogenicity classification for a pesticide
            performed pursuant to such Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.).

    SEC. 10205. AUTHORITY OF STATES.

        Section 24 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
    Act (7 U.S.C. 136v) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by inserting ``and localities''
            after ``states''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Local Regulation.--A political subdivision of a State shall
    not impose, or continue in effect, any requirement relating to the
    sale, distribution, labeling, application, or use of any pesticide or
    device that is subject to regulation--
                ``(1) by a State pursuant to this section; or
                ``(2) by the Administrator under this Act.''.

                  PART II--OTHER REGULATORY REFORM PROVISIONS

    SEC. 10211. MULTIPLE CROP AND PESTICIDE USE SURVEY.

        Section 10109 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4906) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
        ``(b) Administration.--
                ``(1) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit to the
            Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and make
            publicly available, the survey described in subsection (a).
                ``(2) Commercial data.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Director of the Office of Pest Management Policy, shall obtain
            commercial data on pesticide use to inform the conduct of, and
            enhance the results of, the survey described in subsection
            (a).''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by amending paragraph (1) to read as
            follows:
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
            Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this
            section--
                        ``(A) $500,000 for fiscal year 2019, to remain
                    available until expended;
                        ``(B) $100,000 for fiscal year 2024, to remain
                    available until expended; and
                        ``(C) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain
                    available until expended.''.

    SEC. 10212. CRITICAL MINERALS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with
    the Secretary of Agriculture, shall evaluate potash, phosphates, and
    other minerals necessary for the production of fertilizer and other
    agricultural products used to promote crop development for designation
    as critical minerals under section 7002(c)(4) of the Energy Act of 2020
    (30 U.S.C. 1606(c)(4)).
        (b) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this section, the Secretary of the Interior, in
    consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall evaluate current
    policies related to permitting and leasing of projects for the
    exploration, development, and production of the minerals described in
    subsection (a) and issue recommendations to support domestic production
    of such minerals to--
                (1) the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and
                (2) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the
            Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this section, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Agriculture, shall prepare a report that describes how
    each mineral described in subsection (a) meets each aspect of the
    methodology under section 7002(c)(3) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30
    U.S.C. 1606(c)(3), as of the date of enactment of this section, to
    determine eligibility for the list as described under section
    7002(c)(4) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(c)(4) and issue
    such report to--
                (1) the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and
                (2) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the
            Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate.

    SEC. 10213. SAFE HARBOR FOR CERTAIN DISCHARGES OF WILDLAND FIRE
                  CHEMICALS.

        (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), no court may enjoin
    under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.)
    a covered entity from conducting an aerial application of a covered
    fire retardant and water enhancer for wildfire suppression, control, or
    prevention activities that results in a discharge, if such aerial
    application is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the
    Federal Facility Compliance Agreement between the Environmental
    Protection Agency and the U.S. Forest Service, as agreed to on February
    16, 2023.
        (b) Period of Application.--Subsection (a) shall apply to any
    aerial application described in such subsection that is conducted
    before the effective date of a permit issued by the Administrator of
    the Environmental Protection Agency or a State, as applicable, under
    section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1342)
    that authorizes the discharge, from such aerial application, of a
    covered fire retardant and water enhancer for wildfire suppression,
    control, or prevention activities.
        (c) Effect.--Nothing in this section affects the authority of any
    court under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with respect to any
    discharge resulting from an aerial application not conducted in
    accordance with the requirements described in subsection (a).
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                        (A) any Federal agency, agency of a State or
                    political subdivision thereof, or Tribal agency,
                    authorized by law to conduct an aerial application of
                    fire retardants and water enhancers for wildfire
                    suppression, control, or prevention activities; and
                        (B) any contractor, subcontractor, or other agent
                    of an agency described in subparagraph (A).
                (2) Covered fire retardant and water enhancer.--The term
            ``covered fire retardant and water enhancer'' means a fire
            retardant and water enhancer that--
                        (A) has been evaluated, qualified, and approved by
                    the Secretary; and
                        (B) appears on the most current Forest Service
                    Qualified Products List.
                (3) Discharge; state.--The terms ``discharge'' and
            ``State'' have the meanings given those terms in section 502 of
            the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1362).
        (e) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on the date
    that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this section.

    SEC. 10214. SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                  AGENCY.

        Section 8 of the Environmental Research, Development, and
    Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978 (42 U.S.C. 4365) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``the Committee on
            Environment and Public Works of the United States Senate, or
            the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, on Energy and
            Commerce, or on Public Works and Transportation of the House of
            Representatives'' and inserting ``the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Environment and
            Public Works, or the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
            Forestry of the Senate or the Committee on Science, Space, and
            Technology, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee
            on Transportation and Infrastructure, or the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives''; and
                (2) in subsection (i)--
                        (A) by striking ``the Committees on Environment and
                    Public Works and Agriculture of the Senate and the
                    Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy
                    and Commerce, and Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives'' and inserting ``the Committee on
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on
                    Environment and Public Works, and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and
                    the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the
                    Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on
                    Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee on
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``and any additional agriculture-
                    related committees and investigative panels established
                    pursuant to subsection (e)(2)(A)(ii)'' before the
                    period.

    SEC. 10215. OFFICE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY.

        Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 220
    (7 U.S.C. 6920) the following:

    ``SEC. 220A. OFFICE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish in the Department
    an Office of Biotechnology Policy to provide for the effective
    coordination of policies and activities within the Department of
    Agriculture related to biotechnology, biomanufacturing, synthetic
    biology, and related emerging technologies, while taking into account
    the effects of regulatory actions of other government agencies.
        ``(b) Director.--The Office of Biotechnology Policy shall be under
    the direction of a Director appointed by the Secretary, who shall
    report directly to the Secretary or a designee of the Secretary.
        ``(c) Duties.--The Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy
    shall--
                ``(1) develop and coordinate Department policy on
            biotechnology and related topics;
                ``(2) coordinate activities and services of the Department
            on biotechnology and related topics, including--
                        ``(A) research and development;
                        ``(B) extension and education;
                        ``(C) communication;
                        ``(D) regulation and labeling; and
                        ``(E) commercialization, use, and trade;
                ``(3) assist other offices and agencies of the Department
            in fulfilling their responsibilities related to biotechnology
            under applicable Federal law; and
                ``(4) perform such other functions as may be required under
            Federal law or prescribed by the Secretary.
        ``(d) Interagency Coordination.--In carrying out the duties under
    subsection (b), the Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy
    shall provide leadership to ensure coordination of interagency
    activities with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug
    Administration, and other Federal and State agencies.
        ``(e) Outreach.--The Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy
    shall consult with biotechnology developers, academics, agricultural
    producers, and other entities that may be affected by biotechnology-
    related activities or actions of the Department or other Federal and
    State agencies as necessary in carrying out the Office's
    responsibilities under this section.
        ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.''.

                            TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

    SEC. 11001. SPECIALTY CROP ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Section 505 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7
    U.S.C. 1505) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (E),
                            (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (F), (G), and
                            (H), respectively;
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (D)
                            the following:
                        ``(E) The Chairperson of the Specialty Crop
                    Advisory Committee established by subsection (f).'';
                    and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (H), as so
                            redesignated, by striking ``specialty crop''
                            and inserting ``livestock'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``subparagraphs
                    (E), (F), and (G) of paragraph (2)'' and inserting
                    ``subparagraphs (F), (G), and (H) of paragraph (2) and
                    the members of the Specialty Crop Advisory Committee
                    described in subsection (f)(2)''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Specialty Crop Advisory Committee.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) establish a Specialty Crop Advisory Committee
                    (in this subsection, referred to as `the Committee');
                    and
                        ``(B) appoint to the Committee in accordance with
                    paragraph (2) the initial members that will assist the
                    Corporation in the research, creation, and improvement
                    of policies or plans of insurance for specialty crops.
                ``(2) Composition.--
                        ``(A) Chairperson.--The chairperson of the
                    Committee shall be an individual with experience in
                    crop insurance and familiarity with the unique nature
                    of the specialty crop industry.
                        ``(B) Members.--The Committee shall consist of--
                                ``(i) individuals with an understanding of
                            the production methods, markets, and risks
                            (including losses due to weather, trade
                            damages, and supply chain disruptions) unique
                            to specialty crop production;
                                ``(ii) not less than 5 producers and not
                            more than 10 total members; and
                                ``(iii) not less than one producer from
                            each of the West, Midwest, South, and Northeast
                            regions of the United States (as identified by
                            the Bureau of the Census).
                ``(3) Duties.--The Committee established by this subsection
            shall--
                        ``(A) advise the manager of the Corporation on
                    issues relating to specialty crop insurance policies;
                        ``(B) provide input, through the Chairperson of the
                    Committee, to the Board on decisions relating to
                    specialty crop insurance policies;
                        ``(C) review available educational programs and
                    make recommendations to the manager of the Corporation
                    on how to enhance the effectiveness of such programs
                    for specialty crop producers;
                        ``(D) provide recommendations to the manager of the
                    Corporation regarding the presentation of policies to
                    the Board required by section 508(a)(6);
                        ``(E) advise the manager of the Corporation on
                    entering into partnerships to carry out subsections (d)
                    and (e)(2)(B) of section 522; and
                        ``(F) meet not less than two times each year to
                    carry out these duties.''.
        (b) Specialty Crops Coordinator.--Section 507(g)(2) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1507(g)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) Responsibilities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Specialty Crops Coordinator
                    shall have primary responsibility for addressing the
                    needs of specialty crop producers, and for providing
                    information and advice, in connection with the
                    activities of the Corporation to improve and expand the
                    insurance program for specialty crops.
                        ``(B) Other duties.--In carrying out this
                    paragraph, the Specialty Crops Coordinator shall--
                                ``(i) act as the liaison of the Corporation
                            with representatives of specialty crop
                            producers and the Specialty Crop Advisory
                            Committee; and
                                ``(ii) assist the Corporation with the
                            knowledge, expertise, and familiarity of the
                            producers with risk management and production
                            issues pertaining to specialty crops.''.
        (c) Annual Review of New and Specialty Crops.--Section 508(a)(6)(A)
    of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(6)(A)) is amended
    by inserting ``(in consultation with the Specialty Crop Advisory
    Committee)'' after ``Corporation''.

    SEC. 11002. IDENTIFICATION OF HOLDERS OF SUBSTANTIAL INTERESTS.

        Section 506(m) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(m))
    is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Identification of holders of substantial interests.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Manager of the Corporation
                    may require each policyholder to provide to the
                    Manager, at such times and in such manner as prescribed
                    by the Manager, the name of each individual or other
                    entity that acquires or holds a substantial beneficial
                    interest in such policyholder.
                        ``(B) Extension available.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In the case of a
                            policyholder that does not provide the
                            information required pursuant to subparagraph
                            (A) to the Manager at the time prescribed by
                            the Manager, the Manager shall allow such
                            policyholder to provide to the Manager such
                            information at any time during the applicable
                            crop year.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not
                            apply to a policyholder that an approved
                            insurance provider determines--
                                        ``(I) would receive
                                    disproportionate benefits under a crop
                                    insurance program as a result of
                                    failing to provide the information
                                    required pursuant to subparagraph (A)
                                    to the Manager at the time prescribed
                                    by the Manager; or
                                        ``(II) failed to provide such
                                    information to avoid an obligation or
                                    requirement under any State or Federal
                                    law.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``5 percent'' and
            inserting ``10 percent''.

    SEC. 11003. ACTUARIAL SOUNDNESS OF CERTAIN NEW PRODUCTS.

        Section 506(n) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(n))
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Actuarial soundness of certain new products.--The
            Corporation shall--
                        ``(A) review each policy or product developed under
                    section 508(h) periodically for actuarial soundness;
                    and
                        ``(B) take such actions, in consultation with
                    persons described in paragraph (1)(A) of such section,
                    as are necessary to improve the actuarial soundness of
                    such policies and products.''.

    SEC. 11004. COVERAGE OF REVENUE LOSSES.

        Section 508(a)(1) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1508(a)) is amended, in the second sentence, by inserting ``or a
    decline in the market price of the insured commodity, so long as such
    decline was not directly caused by the producer (as determined by the
    Secretary)'' before the period at the end.

    SEC. 11005. SUPPLEMENTAL AND AGGREGATE COVERAGE ENHANCEMENTS.

        (a) Coverage Level.--Section 508(c)(4) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4)) is amended--
                (1) by amending subparagraph (A)(ii) to read as follows:
                                ``(ii) may be purchased at any level not to
                            exceed--
                                        ``(I) in the case of the individual
                                    yield or revenue coverage, 85 percent;
                                        ``(II) in the case of individual
                                    yield or revenue coverage aggregated
                                    across multiple commodities, 90
                                    percent; and
                                        ``(III) in the case of area yield
                                    or revenue coverage (as determined by
                                    the Corporation), 95 percent.''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                        (A) clause (ii), by striking ``14'' and inserting
                    ``10''; and
                        (B) in clause (iii)(I), by striking ``86'' and
                    inserting ``90''.
        (b) Premium Subsidy.--Section 508(e)(2)(H)(i) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)(H)(i)) is amended by striking ``65''
    and inserting ``80''.

    SEC. 11006. LIMITATION ON FARM PROGRAM PARTICIPATION.

        (a) In General.--The Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et
    seq) is amended--
                (1) in section 508(c)(4)(C)(iv)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``crops and''; and
                        (B) by striking ``Crops'' and all that follows
                    through ``acres'' and inserting ``Acres''; and
                (2) in section 508B(f) is amended by striking ``Effective
            beginning with the 2019 crop year'' and inserting ``Effective
            for the 2019 through 2024 crop years''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015), as amended by section 1103, is further amended by
    adding at the end the following subsection:
        ``(i) Limitation.--Beginning with the 2025 crop year--
                ``(1) in the case of a farm for which a producer obtains
            coverage under the Stacked Income Protection Plan for upland
            cotton under section 508B of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7
            U.S.C. 1508b) for a crop year, such farm shall not be eligible
            to receive payments for seed cotton for such crop year under--
                        ``(A) price loss coverage under section 1116; and
                        ``(B) agriculture risk coverage under section 1117;
                    and
                ``(2) in the case of a crop on a farm for which a producer
            obtains supplemental coverage under section 508(c)(4)(C) of the
            Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4)(C)) for a crop
            year, such crop on such farm shall not be eligible to receive
            payments under agriculture risk coverage under section 1117 for
            such crop year.''.

    SEC. 11007. LIMITATION ON INTEREST ACCRUAL.

        Section 508(d) of Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)) is
    amended by inserting at the end the following new paragraph:
                ``(5) Limitation on interest accrued.--Effective beginning
            with the 2025 reinsurance year, in the case of a producer that
            is delinquent in paying a premium or administrative fee, an
            approved insurance provider may charge such producer with
            respect to such delinquency an amount less than or equal to 1
            percent of the simple interest of the amount for which such
            producer is delinquent, for each month (not to exceed 60-
            consecutive months) the producer is so delinquent.''.

    SEC. 11008. CROP INSURANCE SUPPORT FOR BEGINNING AND VETERAN FARMERS
                  AND RANCHERS.

        (a) Definition of Beginning and Veteran Farmer or Rancher.--Section
    502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)) is amended
                (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``5 crop years'' and
            inserting ``10 crop years''; and
                (2) in paragraph (14)(B)--
                        (A) in clause (ii) by striking ``5 years'' and
                    inserting ``10 years''; and
                        (B) in clause (iii) by striking ``5-year'' and
                    inserting ``10-year''.
        (b) Increase in Assistance.--Section 508(e)(8) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(8)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the
            following:
                        ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
                (2) by striking ``is 10 percentage points greater than''
            and inserting ``is the amount of percentage points specified in
            subparagraph (B) greater than''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Percentage points adjustments.--For purposes
                    of subparagraph (A), the percentage points specified in
                    this subparagraph are as follows:
                                ``(i) For each of the first and second
                            reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or
                            rancher participates as a beginning farmer or
                            rancher in the applicable policy or plan of
                            insurance, 15 percentage points.
                                ``(ii) For the third reinsurance year that
                            a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a
                            beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable
                            policy or plan of insurance, 13 percentage
                            points.
                                ``(iii) For the fourth reinsurance year
                            that a beginning farmer or rancher participates
                            as a beginning farmer or rancher in the
                            applicable policy or plan of insurance, 11
                            percentage points.
                                ``(iv) For each of the fifth through tenth
                            reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or
                            rancher participates as a beginning farmer or
                            rancher in the applicable policy or plan of
                            insurance, 10 percentage points.''.

    SEC. 11009. MARKETABILITY.

        Section 508(h)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1508(h)(4)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by amending clause (iii) to read
            as follows:
                                ``(iii) Application.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Except as
                                    provided in subclause (II), this
                                    subparagraph shall apply with respect
                                    to a proposal only during the period
                                    preceding any approval of the proposal
                                    by the Board.
                                        ``(II) Exception.--An approved
                                    insurance provider that submits a
                                    letter of support for a concept
                                    proposal, a policy, or plan of
                                    insurance shall--
                                                ``(aa) not be considered
                                            the public for purposes of
                                            clause (ii);
                                                ``(bb) have access to data
                                            and other product development
                                            information submitted to the
                                            Board during its review under
                                            this subsection, and;
                                                ``(cc) be subject to the
                                            confidentiality requirements as
                                            applicable to the Board
                                            pursuant to clauses (i) and
                                            (ii).'';
                (2) in subparagraph (D), by adding at the end the
            following:
                                ``(iv) Marketability deadline.--Any new
                            policy, plan of insurance, or other material
                            approved by the Board under this subsection
                            during a reinsurance year and after the
                            Standard Reinsurance Agreement closing date of
                            July 1, shall not be implemented for such
                            reinsurance year unless at least 90 days prior
                            to the sales closing date for such policy, plan
                            of insurance, or other material, the Board
                            makes available to the approved insurance
                            providers all necessary, as determined by the
                            Board, handbooks, training materials, and other
                            resources associated with such policy, plan of
                            insurance, or other material.''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) Marketability determination.--
                                ``(i) Submission to the board.--Prior to
                            the approval of a product, any approved
                            insurance provider that submitted a letter of
                            support for the product shall provide
                            information and analysis to the Board on the
                            marketability of such product.
                                ``(ii) Deemed marketable.--In reviewing a
                            policy, plan of insurance, or other material
                            submitted to the Board under this subsection
                            such product shall be deemed marketable in
                            accordance with paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I) if at
                            least one approved insurance provider, in its
                            submission pursuant to clause (i), expresses
                            support for such policy, plan, or material.
                                ``(iii) Evaluation by the board.--In
                            evaluating whether a product is marketable in
                            accordance with paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I), the
                            Board shall take into consideration any
                            information and analysis submitted pursuant to
                            clause (ii).
                                ``(iv) AIP participation.--The Board shall
                            not require the submission of a letter of
                            support from an approved insurance provider in
                            order to review and approve any policy, plan of
                            insurance, or other materials submitted
                            pursuant to this subsection.''.

    SEC. 11010. REINSURANCE.

        (a) Supplementing Loss Adjustment Expenses.--Section 508(k) of the
    Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(10) Additional expenses.--
                        ``(A) In general.--In addition to the terms and
                    conditions of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, to
                    cover additional expenses for loss adjustment
                    procedures, the Corporation shall pay an additional
                    administrative and operating expense subsidy to
                    approved insurance providers for eligible contracts.
                        ``(B) Payment amount.--In the case of an eligible
                    contract, the payment to an approved insurance provider
                    required under subparagraph (A) shall be the amount
                    equal to 6 percent of the net book premium.
                        ``(C) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                                ``(i) Eligible state.--The term `eligible
                            State' means a State--
                                        ``(I) identified in State Group 2
                                    or State Group 3 (as defined in the
                                    Standard Reinsurance Agreement for
                                    reinsurance year 2025); and
                                        ``(II) in which, with respect to an
                                    insurance year, the loss ratio for
                                    eligible contracts is greater than 120
                                    percent of the total net book premium
                                    written by all approved insurance
                                    providers.
                                ``(ii) Eligible contracts.--The term
                            `eligible contract'--
                                        ``(I) means a crop insurance
                                    contract entered into by an approved
                                    insurance provider in an eligible
                                    State; and
                                        ``(II) does not include a contract
                                    for--
                                                ``(aa) catastrophic risk
                                            protection under subsection
                                            (b);
                                                ``(bb) an area-based plan
                                            of insurance or similar plan of
                                            insurance, as determined by the
                                            Corporation; or
                                                ``(cc) a policy under which
                                            an approved insurance provider
                                            does not incur loss adjustment
                                            expenses, as determined by the
                                            Corporation.''.
        (b) Reimbursement for Administrative and Operating Expenses With
    Respect to Specialty Crops Contracts.--Section 508(k) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is further amended by adding at
    the end of the following:
                ``(11) Specialty crops.--
                        ``(A) Minimum reimbursement.--Beginning with the
                    2025 reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year
                    thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved
                    insurance providers for administrative and operating
                    expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts
                    covering agricultural commodities described in section
                    101 of title I of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness
                    Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note) shall be equal to or
                    greater than the percent that is the greater of the
                    following:
                                ``(i) 17 percent of the premium used to
                            define loss ratio.
                                ``(ii) The percent of the premium used to
                            define loss ratio that is otherwise applicable
                            for the reinsurance year under the terms of the
                            Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for
                            the reinsurance year.
                        ``(B) Other contracts.--In carrying out
                    subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall not reduce,
                    with respect to any reinsurance year, the amount or the
                    rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers
                    under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement described in
                    clause (ii) of such subparagraph for administrative and
                    operating expenses with respect to contracts covering
                    agricultural commodities that are not subject to such
                    subparagraph.
                        ``(C) Short-term equitable relief.--With respect to
                    the 2022 through 2024 reinsurance years, in addition to
                    the amount of reimbursement for administrative and
                    operating expenses available for crop insurance
                    contracts described in subparagraph (A), the
                    Corporation shall use $50,000,000, to remain available
                    until expended, to pay, with respect to such contracts,
                    an amount that is equal to the difference between--
                                ``(i) the amount to be paid pursuant to the
                            Standard Reinsurance Agreement for the
                            applicable reinsurance year; and
                                ``(ii) the amount that would be paid if
                            such contracts were--
                                        ``(I) not subject to a reduction
                                    described in subsection (a)(2)(G) of
                                    section III of the Standard Reinsurance
                                    Agreement; and
                                        ``(II) subject to a reimbursement
                                    rate equal to 17 percent of the net
                                    book premium.
                        ``(D) Administration.--The requirements of this
                    paragraph and the adjustments made pursuant to this
                    paragraph shall not be considered a renegotiation under
                    paragraph (8)(A).
                ``(12) Adjustment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Beginning with the 2025
                    reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year
                    thereafter, the Corporation shall increase the total
                    administrative and operating expense reimbursements
                    otherwise required under the Standard Reinsurance
                    Agreement in effect for the reinsurance year in order
                    to account for inflation in a manner that is consistent
                    with the increases provided with respect to the 2011
                    through 2015 reinsurance years under the enclosure,
                    included in the Risk Management Agency's Bulletin, MGR-
                    10-007, dated June 30, 2010.
                        ``(B) Administration.--The increase described in
                    subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) apply with respect to all contracts
                            covering agricultural commodities that were
                            subject to an increase during the period of the
                            2011 through 2015 reinsurance years under the
                            enclosure described in such subparagraph; and
                                ``(ii) not be considered a renegotiation
                            under paragraph (8)(A).
                        ``(C) Special rule for the 2025 reinsurance year.--
                    The increase described in subparagraph (A) for the 2025
                    reinsurance year shall not exceed the percentage change
                    from the preceding year included in the Consumer Price
                    Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau
                    of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.''.

    SEC. 11011. REVENUE INSURANCE.

        The Federal Crop Insurance Act is amended by inserting after
    section 508D (7 U.S.C. 1508d) the following:

    ``SEC. 508E. SUGARBEET REVENUE INSURANCE.

        ``(a) In General.--Effective beginning with the 2026 crop year, the
    Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall make available to
    producers of sugar beets a revenue crop insurance policy for sugar
    beets.
        ``(b) Coverage.--The policy required under subsection (a) shall
    provide for a combination of--
                ``(1) individual-based yield coverage; and
                ``(2) coverage against a decrease in a gross beet sugar
            payment to a producer from a cooperative processor due to a
            shortfall in sugar production at the cooperative level as the
            result of one or more of the following conditions:
                        ``(A) cooperative-level sugar beet production that
                    is below average;
                        ``(B) cooperative-level raw sugar content of the
                    beets that is below average, irrespective of the
                    quantity of sugar beets produced; or
                        ``(C) a decrease in price in the refined sugar
                    market relative to the expected price at the beginning
                    of the crop year.''.

    SEC. 11012. PILOT PROGRAM TO REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS OF COVERAGE PENALTY.

        The Federal Crop Insurance Act, as amended by section 11011, is
    further amended by inserting after section 508E the following:

    ``SEC. 508F. PILOT PROGRAM TO REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS OF COVERAGE PENALTY.

        ``(a) In General.--Effective beginning with the 2025 crop year, the
    Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall establish a pilot
    program to evaluate the effectiveness of the reduction in benefits
    applied to corn and other crops, as determined by the Corporation,
    planted during the late planting period (as defined in section 457.8 of
    title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulation)).
        ``(b) Location and Duration of Pilot.--The pilot program
    established under subsection (a) shall--
                ``(1) be conducted in not less than 10 counties located
            within or adjacent to the North Plains Ground Conservation
            District or the Panhandle Ground Conservation District in the
            State of Texas; and
                ``(2) operate for a period of not less than four crop
            years.
        ``(c) Evaluation.--In carrying out the pilot program established
    under subsection (a), the Risk Management Agency and the Corporation
    shall--
                ``(1) suspend any reduction to the insurance guarantee
            applied to an insurance policy for a crop that is planted
            during the late planting period;
                ``(2) gather and analyze data to determine if the number of
            days beyond the final plant date in which a crop was planted
            during the late planting period correlates with a decrease in
            crop yields; and
                ``(3) determine if planting a crop after the final plant
            date results in reduced usage of irrigation from the Ogallala
            Aquifer.
        ``(d) Report Required.--Not later than 90 days after the last day
    of crop year 2029, the Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Forestry, and Nutrition of the Senate
    a report that includes--
                ``(1) a summary of the results of the pilot program
            established under subsection (a);
                ``(2) an analysis of the correlation between planting date
            and final yields; and
                ``(3) any changes to existing policies that the Corporation
            intends to make as a result of the information obtained during
            the pilot program.
        ``(e) Partnerships.--Of the amounts made available in section
    522(e)(2)(A)(ii), the Corporation may use not more than $200,000 to
    enter into a partnership or cooperative agreement with a nonprofit
    organization, State agency, or public university that is familiar with
    agricultural production in the region described in subsection (b)(1) to
    conduct the research and evaluation required under paragraphs (2) and
    (3) of subsection (c).''.

    SEC. 11013. PROGRAM COMPLIANCE AND INTEGRITY.

        Section 515 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the heading, by inserting ``, Response, and
                    Final Determination'' after ``Notification'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``shall notify in
                    writing'' and inserting ``shall, through an initial
                    finding in writing, notify (unless such notification is
                    pursuant to the responsibilities to conduct reviews and
                    make corrections)'';
                        (C) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the heading, by striking ``Time for
                            notification'' and inserting ``Required
                            timing'';
                                (ii) by striking ``Notice'' and inserting
                            the following:
                        ``(A) Initial finding.--Notice''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Response.--During the 90-day period beginning
                    on the date the Corporation notifies an approved
                    insurance provider through an initial finding under
                    paragraph (1), such approved insurance provide may
                    appeal such initial finding in writing.
                        ``(C) Final finding.--Not later than 90 days after
                    the date on which an approved insurance provider
                    appeals pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Corporation
                    shall issue a final finding in writing to such approved
                    insurance provider.
                        ``(D) Request for final administrative
                    determination.--An approved insurance provider shall
                    have not more than 90 days after the receipt of the
                    Corporation's final finding under subparagraph (C) to
                    request, in writing, a final agency determination, if
                    such approved insurance provider has reason to believe
                    that the Corporation's final finding under subparagraph
                    (C) is not in accordance with--
                                ``(i) the applicable laws, regulations,
                            custom, or practice of the crop insurance
                            industry; or
                                ``(ii) the approved policy and procedure of
                            the Corporation.
                        ``(E) Final determination.--The Corporation shall
                    have not more than 90 days after the receipt of a
                    request for a final administrative determination under
                    subparagraph (D) to provide such final administrative
                    determination, unless substantial new information, as
                    determined by the Corporation, is provided by the
                    approved insurance provider.
                        ``(F) Appeal to civilian board of contract
                    appeals.--An approved insurance provider shall have not
                    more than 90 days after receipt of final administrative
                    determination provided pursuant to subparagraph (E) to
                    appeal such determination to the Civilian Board of
                    Contract Appeals.''; and
                        (D) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Effect of failure to timely notify.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), failure of the Corporation to comply
                    with the requirements under paragraph (2) shall relieve
                    the approved insurance provider from the debt owed to
                    the Corporation.
                        ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply
                    to any matters referred to the Office of the Inspector
                    General or the Department of Justice.''.
                (2) in subsection (l)(2), by striking ``than'' and all that
            follows through the period at the end and inserting the
            following: ``than--
                        ``(A) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009
                    through 2024; and
                        ``(B) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each
                    subsequent fiscal year.''.

    SEC. 11014. REVIEWS, COMPLIANCE, AND INTEGRITY.

        Section 516(b)(2)(C)(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1516(b)(2)(C)(i)) is amended by striking ``each fiscal year'' and
    inserting ``for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2024 and $10,000,000
    for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter''.

    SEC. 11015. WHOLE FARM IMPROVEMENTS.

        Section 522(c)(7)(E) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1522(c)(7)(E)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) Additional review.--Not later than
                            12 months after the date of enactment of this
                            clause and annually thereafter, the Corporation
                            shall--
                                        ``(I) review any limitations on
                                    insurable revenue (including the
                                    overall limitation and limitations
                                    specific to animals, animal products,
                                    greenhouse and nursery, and
                                    aquaculture) to ensure such limitations
                                    are adequate to cover the financial
                                    risks associated with the production of
                                    high-value agricultural products; and
                                        ``(II) submit to the Committee on
                                    Agriculture of the House of
                                    Representatives and the Committee on
                                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of
                                    the Senate a report that includes a
                                    summary of the most recent review
                                    conducted and any expected changes to
                                    the policy for the following
                                    reinsurance year.''.

    SEC. 11016. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES.

        (a) Expansion of Revenue Policies.--Section 522(c) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 522(c)) is amended by adding at the end
    the following:
                ``(20) Expansion of revenue policies.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, to expand the
                    availability of policies that provide coverage against
                    losses of revenue for--
                                ``(i) oilseeds, including camelina,
                            carinata, and pennycress;
                                ``(ii) alfalfa;
                                ``(iii) pulse crops (including dry edible
                            beans);
                                ``(iv) sugarcane; and
                                ``(v) other crops for which only individual
                            yield-based insurance policies are available.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), the Corporation shall make a policy
                    described in subparagraph (A) available if the
                    requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Determination of projected price.--In
                    developing a policy described in subparagraph (A) the
                    Corporation may utilize alternative methods of
                    determining a projected price for a crop, including the
                    correlation of actual prices received for such crop to
                    the futures markets prices of other commodities.
                        ``(D) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes--
                                ``(i) the crops for which research and
                            development has been carried out under
                            subparagraph (A);
                                ``(ii) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (A);
                                ``(iii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results; and
                                ``(iv) additional crops for which research
                            and development under this paragraph is planned
                            to be carried out.''.
        (b) Wine Grape Losses Due to Smoke Exposure.--Section 522(c) of the
    Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(21) Wine grape losses due to smoke exposure.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of this paragraph, the
                    Corporation shall carry out research and development,
                    or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or
                    more qualified persons to carry out research and
                    development, regarding a policy to insure wine grapes
                    (including wine grapes produced in the States of
                    California, Oregon, and Washington) against losses due
                    to wildfire smoke exposure.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of
                    the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    make available a policy described in subparagraph (A)
                    if the requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations and
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    includes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research conducted
                            under subparagraph (A);
                                ``(ii) a description of the policies made
                            available under this paragraph; and
                                ``(iii) the feasibility of a product that
                            allows producers of wine grapes to claim an
                            indemnity through post-harvest, post-
                            vinification testing, if such testing
                            demonstrates smoke damage that was not
                            detectable prior to harvest.''.
        (c) Mushrooms.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7
    U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(22) Mushrooms.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, regarding a policy
                    to insure--
                                ``(i) the production of mushroom growing
                            media; and
                                ``(ii) the production of mushrooms.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    second sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), the Corporation shall make a policy
                    described in subparagraph (A) available if the
                    requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Research and development described.--Research
                    and development described in subparagraph (A) shall
                    evaluate the effectiveness of policies described in
                    that subparagraph, including policies that--
                                ``(i) are based on the risk of--
                                        ``(I) pests, including mushroom
                                    phorid flies and sciarid flies;
                                        ``(II) fungal pathogens; and
                                        ``(III) viral pathogens;
                                ``(ii) consider other causes of loss
                            applicable to mushroom compost and mushroom
                            production, such as--
                                        ``(I) a loss of electricity due to
                                    weather; and
                                        ``(II) loss of growing media due to
                                    excessive 5-year, 10-year, or 20-year
                                    rainfall events;
                                ``(iii) consider appropriate best practices
                            to minimize the risk of loss;
                                ``(iv) consider whether to provide coverage
                            for mushrooms under 1 policy or to provide
                            coverage for various phases of production;
                                ``(v) have streamlined reporting and
                            paperwork requirements that take into account
                            short propagation schedules, variable crop
                            years, and the variety of mushrooms that may be
                            produced in a single facility; and
                                ``(vi) provide protection for revenue
                            losses.
                        ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (A);
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (d) Study on Hurricane Insurance.--Section 522(c) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(23) Standalone policy for hurricanes and tropical
            storms.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    conduct a study to determine the feasibility of
                    offering insurance against tropical storms and
                    hurricanes made available regardless of underlying crop
                    insurance policy (or lack thereof).
                        ``(B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    describes the results of the study conducted under
                    subparagraph (A).''.
        (e) Frost or Cold Weather Insurance.--Section 522(c) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(24) Frost or cold weather insurance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, regarding an index-
                    based policy to insure crops (including tomatoes,
                    peppers, sugarcane, strawberries, melons, citrus,
                    peaches, blueberries, and any other crop) on a
                    nationally-available basis against losses due to a
                    frost or cold weather event.
                        ``(B) Research and development.--Research and
                    development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk
                            management tools, such as the use of an index,
                            with respect to low frequency and catastrophic
                            loss weather events; and
                                ``(ii) result in a policy that provides
                            protection for at least 1 of the following:
                                        ``(I) Production loss.
                                        ``(II) Revenue loss.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under this paragraph;
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (f) Study of Inclusion of Certain Oilseed Crops Under Double and
    Rotational Cropping Policies.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 4 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the
    end the following:
                ``(25) Double cropping and rotational cropping of certain
            oilseed crops.--
                        ``(A) Definition of covered oilseed crops.--In this
                    paragraph, the term `covered oilseed crops' means
                    rapeseed, canola, camelina, and other oilseed crops, as
                    determined by the Corporation.
                        ``(B) Research and development.--The Corporation
                    shall carry out research and development, or offer to
                    enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified
                    persons to carry out research and development, with
                    respect to insurance policies for covered oilseed crops
                    under double cropping and rotational cropping
                    practices.
                        ``(C) Requirements.--The research and development
                    carried out pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be
                    conducted in consultation with stakeholders to
                    evaluate--
                                ``(i) the factors impacting availability
                            and cost of crop insurance when incorporating
                            covered oilseed crops into double cropping and
                            rotational cropping policies; and
                                ``(ii) the potential risk management
                            benefits associated with incorporating covered
                            oilseed crops into double cropping and
                            rotational cropping policies, specifically with
                            respect to winter planted covered oilseed
                            crops, including risk management benefits to
                            soil health, biodiversity, and the
                            profitability of farming operations.
                        ``(D) Emphasis.--In awarding contracts under
                    subparagraph (B), the Corporation may give priority to
                    awarding contracts to qualified persons that--
                                ``(i) have previous research experience
                            with covered oilseed crops; and
                                ``(ii) have access to a facility with the
                            capacity to carry out the applicable research.
                        ``(E) Report.--Not later than 13 months after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (B);
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (g) Harvest Incentives.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 4 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the
    end the following:
                ``(26) Harvest incentives.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of this paragraph, the
                    Corporation shall carry out research and development,
                    or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or
                    more qualified persons to carry out research and
                    development, regarding harvest incentives for policies
                    that provide coverage against losses of revenue.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), not later than 24 months after the date of
                    the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    make available a policy described in subparagraph (A)
                    if the requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committees on Appropriations and
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    includes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research conducted
                            under subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) a description of the policies made
                            available under this paragraph.''.
        (h) Revenue or Mortality Insurance for Poultry.--Section 522(c) of
    the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(27) Revenue or mortality insurance for poultry.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, regarding an index
                    or revenue policy to insure poultry (including
                    broilers, layers, pullets, turkeys, ducks, pheasants,
                    and quail) on a nationally-available basis against
                    losses from mortality caused by naturally occurring
                    weather or infectious disease events.
                        ``(B) Research and development.--Research and
                    development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk
                            management tools, such as the use of an index,
                            with respect to low frequency and catastrophic
                            loss weather or zoonotic disease events; and
                                ``(ii) result in a policy that provides
                            protection for at least 1 of the following:
                                        ``(I) Mortality on an area level.
                                        ``(II) Revenue on an area level.
                                        ``(III) Cost of inputs on an area
                                    level.
                                        ``(IV) Future revenue from loss of
                                    flock placement on an individual level.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under this paragraph;
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.

                      TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                    Subtitle A--Livestock and Other Animals

                      PART I--ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION

    SEC. 12001. ANIMAL DISEASE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT.

        (a) NADPRP Program Activities.--Section 10409A(b)(2) of the Animal
    Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308A(b)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (F)--
                        (A) by striking ``including training additional
                    emergency response personnel.'' and inserting the
                    following: ``including--
                                ``(i) training additional emergency
                            response personnel; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) improving animal disease
                            traceability.''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (I), by inserting before the period at
            the end the following: ``, including activities approved by the
            Secretary as of the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food,
            and National Security Act of 2024''.
        (b) Mandatory Funding.--Section 10409A(d)(1) of the Animal Health
    Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(1)) is amended--
                (1) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
                        ``(A) Fiscal years 2025 through 2029.--Of the funds
                    of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary
                    shall make available to carry out this section
                    $233,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through
                    2029, of which--
                                ``(i) not less than $10,000,000 shall be
                            made available for each such fiscal year to
                            carry out subsection (a);
                                ``(ii) not less than $70,000,000 shall be
                            made available for each such fiscal year to
                            carry out subsection (b); and
                                ``(iii) not less than $153,000,000 shall be
                            made available for each such fiscal year to
                            carry out subsection (c).''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B)--
                        (A) by striking ``$30,000,000 for fiscal year
                    2023'' and inserting ``$75,000,000 for fiscal year
                    2025''; and
                        (B) by striking ``$18,000,000'' and inserting
                    ``$45,000,000''.
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
                (1) National animal health laboratory.--Section
            10409A(d)(2)(A) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
            8308a(d)(2)(A)) is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``$30,000,000'' and inserting
                    ``$45,000,000''; and
                        (B) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting
                    ``2025 through 2029''.
                (2) National animal disease preparedness and response
            program; national animal vaccine and veterinary countermeasures
            bank.--Section 10409A(d)(2)(B) of the Animal Health Protection
            Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``2019
            through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.
                (3) Availability and purpose of funding.--Section
            10409A(e)(1) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
            8308a(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and
            inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

    SEC. 12002. CATTLE FEVER TICK ERADICATION PROGRAM REVIEW AND REPORT.

        (a) Program Review.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall offer to
            enter into a contract with a covered institution under which
            the covered institution shall conduct a review of the Program.
                (2) Review elements.--The review conducted pursuant to
            paragraph (1) shall include an evaluation of--
                        (A) the effectiveness of the Program with respect
                    to preventing and reducing the spread of tick-borne
                    illnesses in cattle, including a review of places from
                    which the cattle fever tick has been eradicated and the
                    resulting economic impact;
                        (B) with respect to cattle producers--
                                (i) the benefits of the Program; and
                                (ii) the burden of compliance with the
                            Program;
                        (C) the treatment protocols developed and
                    implemented under the Program; and
                        (D) the Federal and State funds allocated to
                    support the Program for the most recent fiscal year,
                    including the funds allocated to each research project
                    associated with the Program.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    Secretary and a covered institution enter into a contract pursuant to
    subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
    includes--
                (1) the results of the review conducted pursuant to
            subsection (a); and
                (2) recommendations for improvements to the Program,
            including recommendations for reducing the burden of compliance
            with the Program with respect to cattle producers.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered institution.--The term ``covered institution''
            means--
                        (A) a land-grant college or university (as defined
                    in section 1404(13) of the National Agricultural
                    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
                    U.S.C. 3103(13))); or
                        (B) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as
                    defined in section 1404(14) of the National
                    Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy
                    Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103(14))).
                (2) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the Cattle Fever
            Tick Eradication Program carried out by the Animal and Plant
            Health Inspection Service of the Department in coordination
            with the Texas Animal Health Commission.

    SEC. 12003. DOG DETECTION TRAINING CENTER.

        (a) In General.--There is established a National Detector Dog
    Training Center (referred to in this Act as the ``Center'').
        (b) Duties.--The Center shall have the following duties:
                (1) Training dogs for the purpose of safeguarding domestic
            agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive
            pests and diseases.
                (2) Training human handlers to successfully select and
            train dogs for the purpose described in paragraph (1).
                (3) Collaborating with relevant Federal agencies, including
            U.S. Customs and Border Protection, to safeguard domestic
            agricultural and natural resources.
                (4) Collaborating with external stakeholders, including
            State departments of agriculture, local and county agricultural
            officials, private sector entities, and other relevant non-
            Federal partners.
                (5) Ensuring the health and welfare of all dogs under the
            care of the Center, including by ensuring access to necessary
            veterinary care, adequate shelter, and proper nutrition.
                (6) Providing opportunities for private adoption of
            retirement-age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete
            training.
                (7) Any other duties necessary to safeguard domestic
            agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive
            pests and diseases, as determined by the Secretary, acting
            through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health
            Inspection Service.
        (c) Additional Training Facilities.--In addition to the Center
    established under subsection (a), the Secretary may--
                (1) establish other dog training facilities, which shall
            have the same duties as are specified in subsection (b) for the
            Center; and
                (2) enter into a cooperative agreement with the department
            of agriculture of a State (or political subdivision thereof) to
            establish an off-site training program for the purpose of
            providing training and technical assistance in the training of
            dogs, as described in subsection (b).
        (d) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Animal
    and Plant Health Inspection Service, shall submit to Congress a report
    that contains--
                (1) a description of current and emerging threats to
            domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign pests
            and diseases within the purview of the operations of the
            Center;
                (2) an examination of the role that the Center plays in the
            protection against foreign pests and diseases;
                (3) a description of improvements needed in Federal
            programs to minimize threats from foreign pests and diseases
            within the purview of the operations of the Center, including
            strengthened coordination among the Animal and Plant Health
            Inspection Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and
            other relevant Federal agencies;
                (4) recommendations to strengthen the capabilities of the
            Center in protecting against foreign pests and diseases;
                (5) an evaluation of the need for, and feasibility of,
            additional dog detector training facilities or off-site
            training options to address regional demands, taking into
            consideration--
                        (A) the location of international ports of entry;
                        (B) the volume of international passengers and
                    cargo; and
                        (C) regional agricultural production trends and
                    associated pest and disease threats; and
                (6) recommendations to improve--
                        (A) the dog procurement procedures of the Center;
                    and
                        (B) private adoption opportunities for retirement-
                    age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete the
                    training described in subsection (b).
        (e) Expiration of Authority.--The authority provided by this
    section shall expire on September 30, 2029.

    SEC. 12004. REGIONALIZATION, ZONING, AND COMPARTMENTALIZATION
                  AGREEMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act
    (7 U.S.C. 8304) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Engagement With Key Export Markets.--
                ``(1) In general.--To reduce the impact of animal disease
            outbreaks on United States exports, the Secretary, acting
            through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health
            Inspection Service, the Under Secretary of Agriculture for
            Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, and the Administrator
            of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, in consultation with
            the United States Trade Representative, is authorized to
            negotiate in advance, to the extent practicable,
            regionalization, zoning, compartmentalization, and other
            agreements regarding outbreaks of known animal disease threats
            of trade significance with the governments of countries with
            export markets for livestock animals or animal products from
            the United States.
                ``(2) Research.--A negotiation carried out under paragraph
            (1) should seek to take into account accepted global research
            advances.''.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed--
                (1) to limit the ability of the United States Trade
            Representative to negotiate trade agreements; or
                (2) to require the United States Trade Representative to
            condition other trade agreements on the inclusion of language
            relating to reducing the impact of animal disease outbreaks on
            United States exports, as described in subsection (d)(1) of
            section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
            8304) (as inserted by subsection (a)(2)).
        (c) Notification System.--The Secretary shall promulgate a
    regulation to require that, in the case of any language removed from
    the Import and Export Library of the Food Safety and Inspection
    Service, the Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service
    shall directly notify each State department of agriculture, each lead
    State agency for animal disease, and any State and national producer
    organizations representing impacted livestock producers not later than
    3 days after such removal.

    SEC. 12005. IMPORTATION OF LIVE DOGS.

        (a) In General.--The Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et
    seq.) is amended by inserting after section 10404 (7 U.S.C. 8303) the
    following:

    ``SEC. 10404A. IMPORTATION OF LIVE DOGS.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Compensation.--The term `compensation' means any act,
            consideration, or thing of value received by a person directly,
            including cash or noncash benefits, cost-avoidance, obtaining
            positive or avoiding negative publicity, an exchange of
            services, or maintaining a license issued under any local,
            State, or Federal government authority.
                ``(2) Importer.--The term `importer' means any person who
            transports or causes the transportation of a dog into the
            United States from a foreign country.
                ``(3) Import transporter.--The term `import transporter'
            means any person or entity that--
                        ``(A) receives an imported dog from any importer,
                    dealer, research facility, exhibitor, operator of an
                    auction sale, or department, agency, or instrumentality
                    of the United States or of any State or local
                    government; and
                        ``(B) receives compensation for moving such dog in
                    commerce.
                ``(4) Transfer.--The term `transfer' means a change of
            ownership or control of an imported dog to another person,
            including by sale, adoption, exchange, or donation.
        ``(b) Requirements.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no
            person shall import a dog into the United States unless prior
            to transport to the United States, the Secretary receives
            electronic documentation necessary, as determined by the
            Secretary, to demonstrate that the dog--
                        ``(A) is in good health;
                        ``(B) has received all necessary vaccinations and
                    internal and external parasite treatment, and
                    demonstrated negative test results, as required by the
                    Secretary and evidenced by a certificate that--
                                ``(i) is issued by a licensed veterinarian
                            accredited by a competent veterinary authority
                            recognized by the Secretary; and
                                ``(ii) is endorsed by that authority in a
                            manner representing that the veterinarian
                            issuing the certificate was authorized to do
                            so;
                        ``(C) is officially identified by a permanent
                    method approved by the Secretary; and
                        ``(D) in the case that the dog is intended for
                    transfer--
                                ``(i) is at least 6 months old; and
                                ``(ii) is accompanied by an import permit
                            issued by the Secretary under this Act.
                ``(2) Exceptions.--The Secretary, by regulation, shall
            provide an exception to any requirement under this Act in any
            case in which a dog is imported for purposes of transfer--
                        ``(A) as a personal pet of United States origin
                    returning to the United States;
                        ``(B) as a United States military working dog or
                    contracted working dog supporting a military mission or
                    tasking;
                        ``(C) for research purposes;
                        ``(D) for veterinary treatment which is paid for by
                    the importer, subject to the condition that the dog--
                                ``(i) is taken directly to a veterinary
                            facility for treatment with appropriate
                            quarantine until the dog meets the criteria
                            described in paragraph (1); and
                                ``(ii) is then exported to its country of
                            origin; or
                        ``(E) in the case of a dog that is less than 6
                    months old, for lawful importation into the State of
                    Hawaii from the British Isles, Australia, Guam, or New
                    Zealand in compliance with the regulations of the State
                    of Hawaii and the other requirements of this section,
                    if the dog is not transported out of the State of
                    Hawaii for transfer at less than 6 months of age.
        ``(c) Implementation and Regulations.--Not later than 18 months
    after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security
    Act of 2024, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
    Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of
    Homeland Security, and the Secretary of Transportation, shall
    promulgate such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to
    implement and enforce this section, including regulations--
                ``(1) to facilitate electronic submission and interagency
            sharing of all documentation required prior to the importation
            of a dog into the United States under subsection (b)(1);
                ``(2) to establish any necessary post-arrival verification
            processes for imported dogs;
                ``(3) to ensure the denial of entry into the United States
            of any dog attempted to be imported into the United States in
            violation of subsection (b)(1);
                ``(4) to provide that each importer, import transporter,
            intermediate handler, or carrier receiving a certificate of
            veterinary inspection required under this section shall submit
            a copy of the certificate to the Secretary, who shall record
            the information in a centralized, publicly available database
            and, upon request by a State veterinarian, share the
            information with such State veterinarian; and
                ``(5) to determine and establish such fees for the
            verification of documentation and issuance of permits required
            under subsection (b)(1) as may be necessary to fund the
            implementation and enforcement of this section.
        ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (c)(5) shall be
    construed as limiting the availability of funding made available under
    section 10417 to carry out this section.
        ``(e) Enforcement.--
                ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary shall have the authority
            granted under section 10414 to enforce this section.
                ``(2) Penalties.--An importer or import transporter that
            fails to comply with this section shall--
                        ``(A) be subject to penalties under section 10414;
                    and
                        ``(B) provide, as the Secretary may determine, at
                    the expense of the importer or import transporter,
                    for--
                                ``(i) the care (including appropriate
                            veterinary care), forfeiture, quarantine, and
                            removal from the United States of each
                            applicable dog; and
                                ``(ii) the return of each applicable dog to
                            its place of export, with due care for the
                            welfare of each applicable dog.''.
        (b) Transition Period.--
                (1) In general.--During the transition period, regulations
            promulgated under section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
            U.S.C. 2148) (as in effect on the day before the date of
            enactment of this Act) shall continue to apply to the extent
            that such regulations do not conflict with section 10404A of
            the Animal Health Protection Act (as inserted by subsection
            (a)).
                (2) Transition period defined.--In this subsection, the
            term ``transition period'' means the period beginning on the
            date of enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which
            final regulations are promulgated under such section 10404A.
        (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
    U.S.C. 2148) is repealed.

    SEC. 12006. SHEEP PRODUCTION AND MARKETING GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 209(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C.
    1627a(c)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, and'';
            and
                (2) by inserting ``, and $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''
            after ``fiscal year 2024''.

    SEC. 12007. ENSURING THE FREE MOVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK-DERIVED PRODUCTS IN
                  INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

        (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to--
                (1) protect the free movement in interstate commerce of
            products derived from covered livestock;
                (2) encourage a national market of such products;
                (3) ensure that producers of covered livestock are not
            subject to a patchwork of State laws restricting access to a
            national market; and
                (4) ensure that the United States continues to uphold its
            international trade obligations.
        (b) In General.--Producers of covered livestock have a Federal
    right to raise and market their covered livestock in interstate
    commerce and therefore no State or subdivision thereof may enact or
    enforce, directly or indirectly, a condition or standard on the
    production of covered livestock other than for covered livestock
    physically raised in such State or subdivision.
        (c) Protecting Interstate Commerce.--Producers of covered livestock
    have a Federal right to raise and market their covered livestock in
    interstate commerce and therefore no State or subdivision thereof may
    enact or enforce, directly or indirectly, as a condition for sale or
    consumption, any condition or standard of production on products
    derived from covered livestock not physically raised in such State or
    subdivision that is in addition to, or different from, the conditions
    or standards of production in the State in which the production occurs.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered livestock.--The term ``covered livestock''--
                        (A) means any domestic animal raised for the
                    purpose of--
                                (i) slaughter for human consumption; or
                                (ii) producing products manufactured for
                            human consumption which are derived from the
                            processing of milk, including fluid milk
                            products; and
                        (B) does not include domestic animals raised for
                    the primary purpose of egg production.
                (2) Production.--The term ``production''--
                        (A) means the raising (including breeding) of
                    covered livestock; and
                        (B) does not include the movement, harvesting, or
                    further processing of covered livestock.

    SEC. 12008. REPORT ON SUPPORT FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS
                  DURING A FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE OUTBREAK.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the
    Department's preparedness to support livestock producers and poultry
    growers facing economic losses in the event of an outbreak of a foreign
    animal disease.
        (b) Contents.--The report submitted under subsection (a) shall
    include, with respect to the Department's ability to protect producers
    and growers from significant economic losses as a result of a foreign
    animal disease--
                (1) an assessment of--
                        (A) existing Federal programs, including
                    catastrophic risk management tools, indemnity, direct
                    payments, and herd buyouts; and
                        (B) the Department's capacity to utilize such
                    programs to provide benefits to producers and growers
                    experiencing economic losses as a result of having to
                    sell livestock and poultry at a reduced price, having
                    to quarantine, treat, destroy, or dispose of animals,
                    or as a result of catastrophic market conditions;
                (2) a determination of gaps that exist in the Department's
            ability to provide economic support for producers and growers
            suffering such losses; and
                (3) recommendations of the Secretary for modifications to
            Federal law (including regulations) relating to protecting
            producers and growers from significant economic losses related
            to a foreign animal disease outbreak.
        (c) Provision of Information.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, for purposes of facilitating the
            preparation of the report submitted under subsection (a), the
            relevant Department officials described in paragraph (2) shall
            inform the Secretary of the information described in subsection
            (b).
                (2) Relevant department officials described.--The relevant
            Department officials described in this paragraph are the
            following:
                        (A) The Under Secretary for Farm Production and
                    Conservation.
                        (B) The Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition and
                    Consumer Services.
                        (C) The Under Secretary for Rural Development.
                        (D) The Under Secretary for Food Safety.
                        (E) The Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign
                    Agricultural Affairs.
                        (F) Other officials, as specified by the Secretary.

              PART II--MEAT AND POULTRY PROCESSING AND INSPECTION

    SEC. 12111. AMPLIFYING PROCESSING OF LIVESTOCK IN THE UNITED STATES (A-
                  PLUS).

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall revise section 201.67 of title 9, Code
    of Federal Regulations, as in effect on January 1, 2024, to specify
    that--
                (1) market agencies may have an ownership interest in,
            finance, or participate in the management or operation of, a
            packer, so long as such packer--
                        (A) with respect to cattle and sheep, has a
                    cumulative slaughter capacity of less than--
                                (i) 2,000 animals per day; or
                                (ii) 700,000 animals per year; and
                        (B) with respect to hogs, has a cumulative
                    slaughter capacity of less than--
                                (i) 10,000 animals per day; or
                                (ii) 3,000,000 animals per year; and
                (2) market agencies that have an ownership interest in,
            finance, or participate in the management or operation of, a
            packer shall disclose to sellers of livestock the existence of
            such ownership interest, financial relationship, or
            participation.
        (b) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be interpreted
    as a limitation on the authority of the Secretary to adopt or enforce
    rules or regulations under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7
    U.S.C. 181 et seq.) related to the protection of producers,
    competition, market integrity, or the prevention of conflicts of
    interest.

    SEC. 12112. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT GUIDANCE AND
                  RESOURCES FOR SMALL AND VERY SMALL POULTRY AND MEAT
                  ESTABLISHMENTS.

        (a) Meat Establishments.--The Federal Meat Inspection Act is
    amended by inserting after section 25 (21 U.S.C. 625) the following:

    ``SEC. 26. SMALL AND VERY SMALL ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

        ``(a) Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months after the
    date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, to the
    maximum extent practicable, make publicly available--
                ``(1) a list of scientific studies (which the Secretary
            shall update as necessary) for use by small establishments and
            very small establishments in developing a Hazard Analysis and
            Critical Control Points plan;
                ``(2) guidelines relating to best practices and techniques
            by small establishments and very small establishments in the
            production of raw or further processed meat and meat food
            products; and
                ``(3) scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical
            Control Points plans for small establishments and very small
            establishments, including model plans for--
                        ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                        ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                        ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
        ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after
    notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on
    the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and very
    small establishments to develop, pursuant to this Act, a Hazard
    Analysis and Critical Control Points plan.
        ``(c) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary shall not publish confidential business information of any
    meat processing establishment, including a Hazard Analysis and Critical
    Control Points plan of a meat processing establishment.
        ``(d) Small Establishment and Very Small Establishment Defined.--In
    this section, the terms `small establishment' and `very small
    establishment' have the meanings given the terms `smaller
    establishment' and `very small establishment', respectively, in the
    final rule entitled `Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical
    Control Point (HACCP) Systems' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 1996)) (or
    successor regulations).''.
        (b) Poultry Establishments.--The Poultry Products Inspection Act is
    amended by inserting after section 14 (21 U.S.C. 463) the following:

    ``SEC. 14A. SMALL AND VERY SMALL ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

        ``(a) Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months after the
    date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, to the maximum
    extent practicable, make publicly available--
                ``(1) a list of scientific studies (which the Secretary
            shall update as necessary) for use by small establishments and
            very small establishments in developing a Hazard Analysis and
            Critical Control Points plan;
                ``(2) guidelines relating to best practices and techniques
            used by small establishments and very small establishments in
            the production of raw or further processed poultry products;
            and
                ``(3) scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical
            Control Points plans for small establishments and very small
            establishments, including model plans for--
                        ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                        ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                        ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
        ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after
    notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on
    the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and very
    small establishments to develop a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
    Points plan pursuant to this Act.
        ``(c) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary shall not publish confidential business information of any
    poultry processing establishment, including a Hazard Analysis and
    Critical Control Points plan of a poultry processing establishment.
        ``(d) Small Establishment and Very Small Establishment Defined.--In
    this section, the terms `small establishment' and `very small
    establishment' have the meanings given the terms `smaller
    establishment' and `very small establishment', respectively, in the
    final rule entitled `Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical
    Control Point (HACCP) Systems' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 1996)) (or
    successor regulations).''.

    SEC. 12113. OUTREACH ON COOPERATIVE INTERSTATE SHIPMENT.

        (a) Meat.--Section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
    U.S.C. 683) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Federal Outreach.--In each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029,
    the Secretary shall conduct outreach to States that--
                ``(1) have a State meat inspection program in effect
            pursuant to section 301; and
                ``(2) do not have a selected establishment.''.
        (b) Poultry.--Section 31 of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21
    U.S.C. 472) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Federal Outreach.--In each of fiscal years 2024 through 2029,
    the Secretary shall conduct outreach to States that--
                ``(1) have a State poultry product inspection program in
            effect pursuant to section 5; and
                ``(2) do not have a selected establishment.''.
        (c) Report.--At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 2024 through
    2029, the Secretary shall submit a report detailing the activities and
    results of the outreach conducted during that fiscal year under
    subsection (k) of section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
    U.S.C. 683) and subsection (j) of section 31 of the Poultry Products
    Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 472), as added by subsections (a) and (b),
    to--
                (1) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives;
                (2) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
            of the Senate;
                (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
            Representatives; and
                (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

    SEC. 12114. PILOT PROGRAM TO SUPPORT CUSTOM SLAUGHTER ESTABLISHMENTS.

        (a) In General.--
                (1) State operated pilot program.--Upon the receipt of an
            application from a custom exempt facility and subject to the
            requirements specified in subsection (c), a State department of
            agriculture may operate a pilot program to allow such custom
            facility to sell slaughtered meat and meat food products
            (referred to in this section as ``meat products'') directly to
            consumers within the State in which the facility is located in
            accordance with the pilot program.
                (2) Lack of a state pilot program.--If a State department
            of agriculture does not elect to operate a pilot program, the
            Secretary shall, upon request from a custom exempt facility in
            such a State, operate a pilot program administered by the
            Secretary for that State in accordance with this section.
        (b) Allowable Number of Facilities.--
                (1) Initial approval.--Except as provided in paragraph
            (2)--
                        (A) a State department of agriculture may approve
                    not more than 5 facilities in such State for
                    participation in a pilot program established under
                    subsection (a)(1); and
                        (B) the Secretary may approve not more than 10
                    facilities to participate in all pilot programs
                    established under subsection (a)(2).
                (2) Subsequent approval of facilities.--Not less than 2
            years after the establishment of a pilot program, a State
            department of agriculture or the Secretary may, if no product
            produced at a facility that was initially approved under
            paragraph (1) for participation in such pilot program has been
            subject to an emergency action under subsection (f) during the
            2-year period following such establishment, approve--
                        (A) in the case of a State department of
                    agriculture, not more than 5 additional facilities in
                    the respective State; and
                        (B) in the case of the Secretary, not more than 10
                    additional facilities in all States.
        (c) Pilot Program Requirements.--A pilot program established under
    this section shall, at a minimum, require--
                (1) that meat products sold under the pilot program are--
                        (A) sold directly to consumers within the State
                    from--
                                (i) the owner of the animals from which
                            such meat products are derived; or
                                (ii) the custom exempt facility at which
                            the meat products were processed;
                        (B) not eligible for re-sale; and
                        (C) clearly labeled to indicate--
                                (i) the name and address of the facility at
                            which the meat products were processed;
                                (ii) the name and address of the owner of
                            the animals from which such meat products are
                            derived;
                                (iii) the location where animals from which
                            such meat products are derived were raised;
                                (iv) the date of slaughter of such animals
                            and the period of time over which the owner
                            raised such animals;
                                (v) that such meat products were not
                            subject to Federal inspection; and
                                (vi) that such meat products shall not be
                            resold;
                (2) that custom exempt facilities participating in the
            pilot program comply with--
                        (A) Public Law 85-765 (7 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.;
                    commonly known as the ``Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
                    of 1958'');
                        (B) applicable State and local laws;
                        (C) section 23(d) of the Federal Meat Inspection
                    Act (21 U.S.C. 623(d)); and
                        (D) Federal regulations pertaining to--
                                (i) sanitation standards and record keeping
                            requirements for custom exempt facilities; and
                                (ii) the handling and disposition of
                            specified risk materials;
                (3) that custom exempt facilities participating in the
            pilot program be subject to onsite inspection by the Secretary
            to ensure compliance with the requirements specified in
            paragraphs (1) and (2); and
                (4) that custom exempt facilities participating in the
            pilot program be subject to onsite inspection at least annually
            by the local authority responsible for restaurant inspections
            or the State department of agriculture.
        (d) Implementation.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue, and make publicly
    available, guidance for participation in a pilot program established
    pursuant to this section.
        (e) Ineligibility.--An establishment subject to inspection by the
    Secretary under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
    or operating pursuant to a State meat inspection program authorized
    under section 301 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661)
    shall not be eligible to participate in a pilot program established
    pursuant to this section.
        (f) Authority for Emergency Action.--If the Secretary has credible
    evidence that a meat product produced at a custom exempt facility
    participating in a pilot program established pursuant to this section
    is adulterated, the Secretary--
                (1) shall, pursuant to the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
            U.S.C. 601 et seq.), take such actions as may be necessary to
            address the risk to public health posed by such products; and
                (2) may terminate the participation of a custom exempt
            facility in a pilot program established pursuant to this
            section.
        (g) Report Required.--
                (1) Reports by state departments of agriculture to
            secretary.--Beginning September 30, 2025, and each fiscal year
            thereafter until September 30, 2029, each State department of
            agriculture operating a pilot program pursuant to this section
            shall submit to the Secretary a report detailing, with respect
            to each such pilot program within the relevant State for the
            preceding fiscal year--
                        (A) the number and location of persons or custom
                    exempt facilities selling meat products under each such
                    pilot program;
                        (B) the outcomes of each such pilot program; and
                        (C) any instances in which a meat product was
                    subject to an emergency action under subsection (f).
                (2) Report by secretary to congress.--Not later than 2
            years after initiating a pilot program under this section, the
            Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
            House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
            Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report detailing--
                        (A) the information received from participating
                    State departments of agriculture under paragraph (1);
                    and
                        (B) for any custom exempt facilities participating
                    in a pilot program established by the Secretary
                    pursuant to subsection (a)(2)--
                                (i) the number and location of persons or
                            custom exempt facilities selling products
                            pursuant to such pilot program;
                                (ii) the outcomes of such pilot program;
                            and
                                (iii) any instances in which a meat product
                            was subject to an emergency action under
                            subsection (f).
        (h) Custom Exempt Facility Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``custom exempt facility'' means an establishment engaged in the
    slaughter of animals and the preparation of the carcasses, parts
    thereof, meat, and meat food products for commerce that is not subject
    to the Federal inspection requirements under title I of the Federal
    Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
        (i) Sunset.--A State and the Secretary may not operate a pilot
    program under this section on or after September 30, 2029, and no
    facility that is exempt from inspection under the Federal Meat
    Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) pursuant to this section shall
    be exempt from that inspection on or after September 30, 2029.

        Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994

    SEC. 12201. OFFICE OF HOMELAND SECURITY.

        Section 221 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6922) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (8) as paragraph
                    (9); and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
                ``(8) conducting annual cross-sector crisis simulation
            exercises related to a food-related emergency or disruption;
            and''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Detailees.--The Secretary may detail employees of the
    Department of Agriculture to, and accept employees detailed from, the
    intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National
    Security Act of 1947) to assist in carrying out the duties of the
    Office of Homeland Security.
        ``(g) Risk Assessments and Reports.--
                ``(1) Risk assessments.--Not later than 1 year after the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2024, and not less than every 2 years thereafter, the
            Secretary shall conduct an assessment of risks and security
            vulnerabilities to the food and agriculture critical
            infrastructure sector, including--
                        ``(A) naturally occurring, unintentional, or
                    intentional threats, including chemical, biological,
                    cybersecurity, or bioterrorism attacks;
                        ``(B) influence of state-owned enterprise;
                        ``(C) control of and access to agricultural data;
                        ``(D) foreign acquisition of intellectual property,
                    agricultural assets, and land;
                        ``(E) agricultural input shortages and dependence
                    on foreign-sourced inputs;
                        ``(F) supply chain and trade disruptions;
                        ``(G) science and technology cooperation;
                        ``(H) unequal investments in research, development,
                    and commercialization;
                        ``(I) incongruent regulatory policies; and
                        ``(J) any other vulnerabilities identified by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(2) Briefing and report.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the completion of a risk assessment under paragraph
                    (1), the Secretary shall provide a briefing on the
                    results of the risk assessment and submit to the
                    Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Homeland
                    Security of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and
                    the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
                    Affairs of the Senate a report that includes--
                                ``(i) an assessment of any gaps or
                            limitations in national security efforts
                            related to the food and agriculture critical
                            infrastructure sector;
                                ``(ii) any actions taken by the Secretary
                            to address any gaps or limitations identified
                            under clause (i), including through interagency
                            coordination, threat information sharing, and
                            stakeholder outreach;
                                ``(iii) any recommendations for
                            administrative, regulatory, or legislative
                            actions that can be taken to reduce any gaps or
                            limitations identified under clause (i),
                            including--
                                        ``(I) recommendations to reduce the
                                    dependence on foreign-source inputs
                                    necessary for the food and agriculture
                                    critical infrastructure sector; and
                                        ``(II) recommendations to address
                                    the cybersecurity threats to, and
                                    security vulnerabilities in, the food
                                    and agriculture critical infrastructure
                                    sector; and
                                ``(iv) resources the Secretary requires to
                            address current and future national security
                            vulnerabilities related to the food and
                            agriculture critical infrastructure sector.
                        ``(B) Exemption from access to congressionally
                    mandated reports act.--A report required under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be exempt from the requirements
                    of the Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act
                    (subtitle D of title VII of Public Law 117-263; 136
                    Stat. 3677).''.

    SEC. 12202. FARM SERVICE AGENCY.

        (a) Functions.--Section 226(b) of the Department of Agriculture
    Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6932(b)) is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (4); and
                (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4).
        (b) Special Concurrence Requirements for Certain Functions.--
    Section 226(c) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6932(c)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph
    (1) by striking ``the programs specified in subsection (b)(4)'' and
    inserting ``any conservation programs that are under the jurisdiction
    of the Farm Service Agency pursuant to subsection (b)''.

    SEC. 12203. OFFICE OF PARTNERSHIPS AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT.

        Section 226B(f)(3)(B) of the Department of Agriculture
    Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(f)(3)(B)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 12204. NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE.

        Section 228 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6936) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``, except
                    subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of such
                    title''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``, except
                    functions under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D
                    of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
                    U.S.C. 3831 et seq.)''; and
                (2) in subsection (g)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 12205. BURDEN OF PROOF FOR NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION HEARINGS.

        Section 277(c)(4) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization
    Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6997(c)(4)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(4) Burden of proof.--The agency shall bear the burden of
            proving by substantial evidence that the adverse decision of
            the agency was valid.''.

    SEC. 12206. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.

        Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act
    of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
                ``(11) The authority of the Secretary to carry out the
            amendments made to this title by the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2024.''.

    SEC. 12207. FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICE OF TRIBAL RELATIONS.

        Section 309 of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of
    Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6921) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``shall advise'' and all that
                    follows through the period at the end and inserting
                    ``shall--''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(1) advise the Secretary on policies related to Indian
            tribes;
                ``(2) oversee--
                        ``(A) each self-determination contract (as defined
                    in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and
                    Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) entered into
                    between the Secretary and a tribal organization; and
                        ``(B) each self-governance compact (as defined in
                    section 401 of such Act (25 U.S.C. 5361)) entered into
                    between the Secretary and an Indian tribe; and
                ``(3) carry out such other functions as the Secretary
            considers appropriate.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``this subsection''
            and inserting ``this section''.

    SEC. 12208. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN.

        Title III of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of
    Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 2231b et seq.) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 310. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN.

        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish within the
    Department an Office of the Ombudsman (in this section referred to as
    the `Office'). The Office shall be independent of Department agencies
    and offices.
        ``(b) Ombudsman.--The Office shall be headed by an Ombudsman that
    shall--
                ``(1) be considered a senior official; and
                ``(2) have a background in civil rights enforcement.
        ``(c) Functions.--The functions of the Office shall be to--
                ``(1) assist producers and other customers of Department
            programs in navigating the civil rights review process;
                ``(2) ensure that participants (as defined in section 271)
            are aware of the appeals process under subtitle H of title II,
            including informal hearings under section 275;
                ``(3) promote awareness of the Office and its
            responsibilities among producers and other customers of
            Department programs; and
                ``(4) raise issues and concerns with respect to, and make
            recommendations to the Secretary about, equitable access or
            implementation of Department programs.
        ``(d) Access to Information.--The Secretary shall establish
    procedures to provide the Ombudsman access to all departmental records
    necessary to execute the functions of the Office under subsection (d)
    not later than 60 days after a request from the Ombudsman for such
    information.
        ``(e) Effect on Procedures for Grievances, Appeals, or
    Administrative Matters.--The establishment of the Office shall not
    affect any procedures for grievances, appeals, or administrative
    matters in any other provision of this Act, any other provision of law,
    or any other Federal regulation.
        ``(f) Annual Report.--Beginning not later than 1 year after the
    date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the
    Ombudsman shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on--
                ``(1) the activities carried out by the Office; and
                ``(2) the findings and recommendation of the Office with
            respect to equitable access or implementation of Department
            programs.
        ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out this section for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2029.''.

                         Subtitle C--National Security

    SEC. 12301. AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENTS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) AFIDA.--The term ``AFIDA'' means the Agricultural
            Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et
            seq.).
                (2) FPAC-BC.--The term ``FPAC-BC'' means the Farm
            Production and Conservation Business Center of the Department
            of Agriculture.
        (b) MOU With CFIUS.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into 1 or more
    memoranda of understanding with the Committee on Foreign Investment in
    the United States under which the Secretary shall provide the Committee
    with all relevant information relating to reports on foreign ownership
    of United States agricultural land submitted to the Secretary under
    section 2 of AFIDA (7 U.S.C. 3501), including information on--
                (1) each report submitted to the Secretary; and
                (2) with respect to each such report, the identity of the
            person submitting the report and the date of submission.
        (c) AFIDA Handbook Updates.--
                (1) First update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                        (A) update the most recent version of the Farm
                    Service Agency handbook titled ``Foreign Investment
                    Disclosure'' as determined necessary by the Secretary
                    for the effective implementation of AFIDA; and
                        (B) incorporate in such update the recommendations
                    made by the report of the Government Accountability
                    Office titled ``Foreign Investments in U.S.
                    Agricultural Land: Enhancing Efforts to Collect, Track,
                    and Share Key Information Could Better Identify
                    National Security Risks'' and dated January 18, 2024.
                (2) Subsequent updates.--After updating the handbook
            described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) under that
            paragraph, the Secretary shall carry out an update of that
            handbook every 10 years thereafter, including by incorporating
            any recommendations of the Government Accountability Office.
        (d) Civil Penalties.--Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign
    Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c);
                (2) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``(a) If the'' and all that follows through
            ``Any such civil penalty shall be recoverable'' and inserting
            the following:
        ``(a) In General.--A person shall be subject to a civil penalty
    imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary determines that the person--
                ``(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance with the
            provisions of section 2; or
                ``(2) has knowingly submitted a report under section 2
            that--
                        ``(A) does not contain all the information required
                    to be in such report; or
                        ``(B) contains information that is misleading or
                    false.
        ``(b) Civil Action.--Any civil penalty imposed by the Secretary
    under subsection (a) shall be recoverable''; and
                (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) by striking the subsection designation and all
                    that follows through ``The amount'' and inserting the
                    following:
        ``(c) Amount of Penalty.--The amount'';
                        (B) by striking ``of this section''; and
                        (C) by striking ``shall not exceed 25 percent'' and
                    inserting ``for violations under (a)(1) shall not
                    exceed 25 percent, and for violations under (a)(2)
                    shall be not less than 5 percent, but not more than 25
                    percent,''.
        (e) Public Disclosure of Enforcement Actions.--Section 3 of the
    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502)
    (as amended by subsection (b)) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(d) Public Disclosure of Enforcement Actions.--The Secretary
    shall publicly disclose the name of each person who paid to the
    Secretary a civil penalty imposed under subsection (a), including, if
    applicable, after the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.''.
        (f) Publication of Reporting Requirements.--Section 3 of the
    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502)
    (as amended by subsection (c)) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(e) Outreach.--Using existing resources and efforts to the
    maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall carry out a nationwide
    outreach program directed primarily toward landlords, operators,
    owners, persons, producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined in
    section 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on
    the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
    2024)) of agricultural land and county property appraiser offices, land
    appraisal companies, and real estate auction companies to increase
    public awareness and provide education regarding the reporting
    requirements under this Act.''.

    SEC. 12302. REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND PURCHASING ACTIVITIES IN THE
                  UNITED STATES BY COUNTRIES DESIGNATED AS STATE SPONSORS
                  OF TERRORISM AND CERTAIN OTHER COUNTRIES.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Agricultural land.--The term ``agricultural land'' has
            the meaning given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural
            Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
                (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
            ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                        (A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                    Forestry of the Senate;
                        (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and
                    Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
                        (C) the Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
                        (D) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House
                    of Representatives;
                        (E) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives; and
                        (F) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
                    of the House of Representatives.
                (3) Covered foreign country.--The term ``covered foreign
            country'' means a foreign country of concern (as defined in
            section 10638 of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C. 19237)).
                (4) Covered foreign person.--The term ``covered foreign
            person'' means a foreign person (as defined in section 9 of the
            Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7
            U.S.C. 3508)) that is a citizen of, or headquartered in, as
            applicable, a covered foreign country.
                (5) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the
            term in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment
            Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
                (6) State sponsor of terrorism.--The term ``state sponsor
            of terrorism'' means a country the government of which the
            Secretary of State has determined has repeatedly provided
            support for acts of international terrorism, for purposes of--
                        (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control
                    Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i));
                        (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of
                    1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371);
                        (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act
                    (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or
                        (D) any other provision of law.
        (b) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary
            of Agriculture, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland
            Security and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency,
            shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
            describing the national security risks of the purchase and
            management of agricultural land by covered foreign persons.
                (2) Contents.--A report submitted under paragraph (1) shall
            include the following with respect to the year covered by the
            report:
                        (A) A description of--
                                (i) the number of acres of agricultural
                            land owned, leased, or managed by covered
                            foreign persons, organized by State; and
                                (ii) for each State, the percentage of land
                            owned or managed by covered foreign persons
                            compared to the total acreage of the State.
                        (B) An analysis of the possible threat to food
                    security, food safety, biosecurity, or environmental
                    protection due to the ownership of agricultural land by
                    each covered foreign country through covered foreign
                    persons.
                        (C) An analysis of the annual and total cost of
                    support for agricultural land owned by covered foreign
                    persons through farm programs administered by the Farm
                    Service Agency.
                        (D) An analysis of the use of agricultural land for
                    industrial espionage or intellectual property transfer
                    by covered foreign persons.
                        (E) An analysis of the potential use by covered
                    foreign persons of agricultural land in close proximity
                    to manufacturing facilities, water sources, and other
                    critical infrastructure to monitor, interrupt, or
                    disrupt activities critical to the national and
                    economic security of the United States.
                        (F) An analysis of other threats to the
                    agricultural industry or national security of the
                    United States due to the ownership of agricultural land
                    by covered foreign persons.
                (3) Unclassified form.--A report submitted under this
            subsection shall--
                        (A) be submitted in unclassified form, but may
                    include a classified annex; and
                        (B) be consistent with the protection of
                    intelligence sources and methods.

    SEC. 12303. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

        (a) Investigative Actions.--Section 4 of the Agricultural Foreign
    Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3503) is amended to read as
    follows:

    ``SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall appoint an employee in the
    Senior Executive Service (as described in section 3131 of title 5,
    United States Code) of the Department of Agriculture to serve as Chief
    of Operations of Investigative Actions (referred to in this section as
    the `Chief of Operations'), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain
    additional employees to monitor compliance with the provisions of this
    Act.
        ``(b) Chief of Operations.--The Chief of Operations may serve in
    such position simultaneously with a concurrent position within the
    Department of Agriculture.
        ``(c) Security.--The Secretary shall--
                ``(1) provide classified storage, meeting, and other
            spaces, as necessary, for personnel of the Chief of Operations;
            and
                ``(2) assist such personnel in obtaining security
            clearances.
        ``(d) Duties.--The Chief of Operations shall--
                ``(1) monitor compliance with this Act;
                ``(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the Secretary,
            the Farm Service Agency, and any other appropriate authority;
                ``(3) conduct investigations, in coordination with the
            Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the
            Department of Homeland Security, the Department of the
            Treasury, the National Security Council, and State and local
            law enforcement agencies, on malign efforts--
                        ``(A) to steal agricultural knowledge and
                    technology; or
                        ``(B) to disrupt the United States agricultural
                    base;
                ``(4) conduct an annual audit of the database developed
            under section 12304(c) of the Farm, Food, and National Security
            Act of 2024;
                ``(5) seek to enter into memoranda of agreement and
            memoranda of understanding with the Federal agencies described
            in paragraph (3)--
                        ``(A) to ensure compliance with this Act; and
                        ``(B) to prevent the malign efforts described in
                    that paragraph;
                ``(6) refer to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the
            United States transactions that--
                        ``(A) raise potential national security concerns;
                    and
                        ``(B) result in agricultural land acquisition by a
                    foreign person that is a citizen of, or headquartered
                    in, as applicable, a foreign entity of concern; and
                ``(7) publish annual reports that summarize the information
            contained in every report received by the Secretary under
            section 2 during the period covered by the report.
        ``(e) Administration.--The Chief of Operations shall report to--
                ``(1) the Secretary; or
                ``(2) if delegated by the Secretary, to--
                        ``(A) the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency;
                    or
                        ``(B) the Director of the Department of Agriculture
                    Office of Homeland Security.''.
        (b) Definition of Foreign Entity of Concern.--Section 9 of the
    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508)
    is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``For purposes of this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
                (2) in each of paragraphs (1) through (6)--
                        (A) by striking ``the term'' and inserting ``The
                    term''; and
                        (B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the text of
                    which comprises the term defined in that paragraph;
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as
            paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respectively;
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity
            of concern' has the meaning given the term in section 9901 of
            the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization
            Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).''; and
                (5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
                ``(5) Malign effort.--The term `malign effort' means any
            hostile effort undertaken by, at the direction of, on behalf
            of, or with the substantial support of the government of a
            foreign entity of concern.''.

    SEC. 12304. DIGITIZATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF FOREIGN LAND OWNERSHIP
                  DATA COLLECTION AND PUBLICATION.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Agricultural land.--The term ``agricultural land'' has
            the meaning given the term in section 781.2 of title 7, Code of
            Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of
            this Act).
                (2) Database.--The term ``database'' means the database
            developed under subsection (c).
                (3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' has the
            meaning given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign
            Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
        (b) Electronic Filing.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a streamlined
    process for electronic submission and retention of disclosures made
    pursuant to the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978
    (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
        (c) Database.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a database of agricultural
    land owned by foreign persons, using data that are collected--
                (1) pursuant to the Agricultural Foreign Investment
            Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.); and
                (2) from--
                        (A) FSA-153 forms submitted to the Farm Service
                    Agency; or
                        (B) the electronic system established pursuant to
                    subsection (b).
        (d) Contents.--Each entry in the database for each registration or
    updated registration of agricultural land owned or leased by a foreign
    person shall include pertinent information, as determined by the
    Secretary, in the applicable filing, except it shall not include the
    name of the filer and the purchase or lease price of such transaction.
        (e) Audit.--Not later than 180 days after the database is made
    publicly available, and annually thereafter, the Chief of Operations
    for Investigative Actions appointed under section 4 of the Agricultural
    Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (as amended by section
    12303(a)) shall--
                (1) conduct an audit of the database; and
                (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
            report--
                        (A) evaluating the accuracy of the database; and
                        (B) describing recommendations for improving
                    compliance with the reporting required under the
                    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978
                    (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
        (f) Funding.--Out of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation,
    the Secretary shall use $10,000,000, to remain available until
    expended, to carry out the requirements of this section.
        (g) Repeal.--Section 773 of division A of the Consolidated
    Appropriations Act, 2023 (Public Law 117-328) is repealed.

                   Subtitle D--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

    SEC. 12401. THRIFTY FOOD PLAN.

        Section 3(u) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2012(u)) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(u)(1) `Thrifty food plan' means the diet required to feed a
    family of 4 persons consisting of a man and a woman 20 through 50, a
    child 6 through 8, and a child 9 through 11 years of age, based on
    relevant market baskets that shall only be changed pursuant to
    paragraph (3). The cost of such diet shall be the basis for uniform
    allotments for all households regardless of their actual composition.
    The Secretary shall only adjust the cost of the diet as specified in
    paragraphs (2) and (4).
        ``(2) Household Adjustments.--The Secretary shall make household-
    size adjustments based on the following ratios of household size as a
    percentage of the maximum 4-person allotment:
                ``(A) For a 1-person household, 30 percent.
                ``(B) For a 2-person household, 55 percent.
                ``(C) For a 3-person household, 79 percent.
                ``(D) For a 4-person household, 100 percent.
                ``(E) For a 5-person household. 119 percent.
                ``(F) For a 6-person household, 143 percent.
                ``(G) For a 7-person household, 158 percent.
                ``(H) For an 8-person household, 180 percent.
                ``(I) For a 9-person household, 203 percent.
                ``(J) For a 10-person household, 224 percent.
                ``(K) For households with more than 10 persons, such
            adjustment for each additional person shall be 224 percent plus
            the product of 21 percent and the difference in the number of
            persons in the household and 10.
                ``(3) Reevaluation of market baskets.--
                        ``(A) Evaluation.--Not earlier than October 1,
                    2027, and at not more frequently than 5-year intervals
                    thereafter, the Secretary may reevaluate the market
                    baskets of the thrifty food plan taking into
                    consideration current food prices, food composition
                    data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance.
                        ``(B) Notice.--Prior to any update of the market
                    baskets of the thrifty food plan based on a
                    reevaluation pursuant to subparagraph (A), the
                    methodology and results of any such revelation shall be
                    published in the Federal Register with an opportunity
                    for comment of not less than 60 days.
                        ``(C) Cost neutrality.--The Secretary shall not
                    increase the cost of the thrifty food plan based on a
                    reevaluation or update under this paragraph.
                ``(4) Allowable cost adjustments.--On October 1 immediately
            following enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security
            Act of 2024 and on each October 1 thereafter, the Secretary
            shall--
                        ``(A) adjust the cost of the thrifty food plan to
                    reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All
                    Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor
                    Statistics of the Department of Labor, for the most
                    recent 12-month period ending in June;
                        ``(B) make cost adjustments in the thrifty food
                    plan for urban and rural parts of Hawaii and urban and
                    rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in
                    urban and rural Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska
                    provided such cost adjustment shall not exceed the rate
                    of increase described in the Consumer Price Index for
                    All Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor
                    Statistics of the Department of Labor, for the most
                    recent 12-month period ending in June; and
                        ``(C) make cost adjustments in the separate thrifty
                    food plans for Guam and the Virgin Islands of the
                    United States to reflect the cost of food in those
                    States, but not to exceed the cost of food in the 50
                    States and the District of Columbia, provided that such
                    cost adjustment shall not exceed the rate of increase
                    described in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban
                    Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
                    of the Department of Labor, for the most recent 12-
                    month period ending in June.''.

    SEC. 12402. ESTABLISHMENT OF DIETARY GUIDELINES.

        (a) Establishment of Dietary Guidelines.--Section 301(a) of the
    National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7
    U.S.C. 5341(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``At least every five years the''
                    and inserting ``The''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``jointly'' after ``Secretaries
                    shall'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``be based on the
            preponderance of the scientific and medical knowledge which is
            current at the time the report is prepared.'' and inserting
            ``be--
                        ``(A) based on significant scientific agreement
                    that is determined by evidence-based review;
                        ``(B) current at the time the report is prepared;
                        ``(C) derived from questions--
                                ``(i) generated from the Independent
                            Advisory Board described in paragraph (4); and
                                ``(ii) based on high priority areas of
                            concern to advance scientific outcomes;
                        ``(D) designed to achieve nutritional adequacy and
                    promote health, as specified by the Food and Nutrition
                    Board of the National Academies of Sciences,
                    Engineering and Medicine, from the consumption of food,
                    including nutrients and bioactive food components
                    occurring naturally and in fortified foods;
                        ``(E) include nutritional and dietary information
                    relevant to individuals with nutrition-related common
                    chronic diseases, as defined by the Centers for Disease
                    Control and Prevention; and
                        ``(F) include recommendations that are affordable,
                    available, and accessible for the general
                    population.'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (7);
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) Frequency.--The Secretaries shall publish the report
            required under paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) as necessary to promote health based on
                    updated Dietary Reference Intake values specified by--
                                ``(i) the Food and Nutrition Board of the
                            National Academies of Sciences, Engineering,
                            and Medicine; and
                                ``(ii) other relevant scientific
                            advancements based on continuous review of the
                            totality of publicly available scientific
                            evidence; and
                        ``(B) not less than once every 10 years.
                ``(4) Independent advisory board.--
                        ``(A) When the Secretaries jointly determine it is
                    appropriate to begin the process of updating the
                    Dietary Guidelines, the Secretaries shall notify, in
                    writing, the Committees on--
                                ``(i) Agriculture of the House of
                            Representatives;
                                ``(ii) Energy and Commerce of the House of
                            Representatives;
                                ``(iii) Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                            Forestry of the Senate; and
                                ``(iv) Health, Education, Labor, and
                            Pensions of the Senate.
                        ``(B) The notification under subparagraph (A) shall
                    include a justification for why the Secretaries have
                    determined it is appropriate to begin the process of
                    updating the Dietary Guidelines.
                        ``(C) Not later than 3 months after sending such
                    notification, the Secretaries shall establish an
                    Independent Advisory Board (hereinafter referred to as
                    the `Board') and jointly appoint 4 members to the
                    Board, no more than 2 of whom may be Federal employees.
                        ``(D) Not later than 3 months after receiving such
                    notification, the highest-ranking Member on each
                    Committee described in subparagraph (A) of the opposite
                    political party of the President of the United States
                    shall appoint 1 member to the Board.
                        ``(E) The Board shall consist of no more than 8
                    members, and a working quorum shall be 4 members
                    present. No meeting of the Board may take place until
                    after 3 months from the date on which the Secretaries
                    send the notification under subparagraph (A).
                        ``(F) The members appointed to the Board shall have
                    expertise in nutrition science or food science,
                    including academic and applied experience.
                        ``(G) Not later than 12 months after the date on
                    which the Secretaries send the notification under
                    subparagraph (A), the Board shall generate and send to
                    the Secretaries and the Committees described in
                    subparagraph (A) the questions described in paragraph
                    (2)(C)(i).
                        ``(H) The authority of the Board shall terminate,
                    and the Board shall disband, immediately after
                    satisfying subparagraph (G).
                ``(5) Dietary reference intake updates.--The Secretaries
            shall coordinate with the Joint United States-Canada Dietary
            Reference Intake Working Group to ensure that the Food and
            Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences,
            Engineering, and Medicine update the Dietary Reference Intake
            values to represent the most up-to-date understanding of
            nutritional science. The Joint United States-Canada Dietary
            Reference Intake Working Group should initiate at least one
            Dietary Reference Intake update per year and identify updates
            which are of highest priority which necessitate review.
                ``(6) Exclusion.--The information and guidelines contained
            in each report required under paragraph (1) shall not be based
            on or include topics which are not relevant to dietary
            guidance, including taxation, social welfare policies,
            purchases under Federal feeding programs, food and agricultural
            production practices, food labeling, socioeconomic status,
            race, ethnicity, culture, or regulations relating to
            nutrition.''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Evidence based review.--
                        ``(A) Definition.--For purposes of this section,
                    the term `evidence-based review' means a process under
                    which--
                                ``(i) the totality of the scientific
                            evidence relevant to a question of interest is
                            collected, analyzed, and evaluated;
                                ``(ii) scientific studies, conclusions, and
                            recommendations are rated, adhering strictly to
                            standardized, generally accepted evidence-based
                            review methods; and
                                ``(iii) external peer review is conducted
                            by non-government experts with recognized
                            expertise in quality of evidence evaluation.
                        ``(B) Strength of evidence.--Each guideline
                    contained in a report published pursuant to this
                    subsection shall be assigned a rating by the
                    Secretaries for the strength of evidence used,
                    including to the extent by which the guideline will
                    improve the Healthy Eating Index.
                        ``(C) Transparency.--
                                ``(i) Disclosure.--Any individual appointed
                            to the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee to
                            review the science for the guidelines, or
                            appointed to the Independent Advisory Board
                            under paragraph (4), must provide full
                            disclosure of all financial and nonfinancial
                            conflicts of interest relevant to such review,
                            using the Office of Government Ethics Form 450
                            (or successor form).
                                ``(ii) Publication.--Notwithstanding any
                            other provision of law, not later than 30 days
                            after the date on which a Dietary Guidelines
                            Advisory Committee is established, the
                            Secretaries shall make publicly available--
                                        ``(I) the disclosures required
                                    under clause (i), categorized by the
                                    name of the individual; and
                                        ``(II) a detailed plan for managing
                                    any disclosed conflicts of interest,
                                    including financial or ethical
                                    conflicts of interest, along with
                                    preferences, values, and beliefs.
                ``(9) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit
            Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make available
            to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal
            years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.''.
        (b) Controlling Report.--The 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
    published by the Secretaries under subsection (a)(1) of section 301 of
    the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7
    U.S.C. 5341(a)(1)) shall be controlling and considered to be the most
    recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans until the publication of the
    first report under such subsection in accordance with the amendments
    made to such section by this Act.

    SEC. 12403. ORGANIC OR NON-ORGANIC WHOLE MILK PERMISSIBLE.

        Section 9(a)(2) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act
    (42 U.S.C. 1758(a)(2)) is amended--
                (1) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
                        ``(A) In general.--Lunches served by schools
                    participating in the school lunch program under this
                    Act--
                                ``(i) shall offer students a variety of
                            fluid milk;
                                ``(ii) may offer students flavored and
                            unflavored organic or non-organic whole,
                            reduced-fat, low-fat and fat-free fluid milk
                            and lactose-free fluid milk; and
                                ``(iii) shall provide a substitute for
                            fluid milk for students whose disability
                            restricts their diet, on receipt of a written
                            statement from a licensed physician that
                            identifies the disability that restricts the
                            student's diet and that specifies the
                            substitute for fluid milk.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Saturated fat.--Milk fat included in any
                    fluid milk provided under subparagraph (A) shall not be
                    considered saturated fat for purposes of measuring
                    compliance with the allowable average saturated fat
                    content of a meal under section 210.10 of title 7, Code
                    of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
                        ``(E) Prohibition on certain purchases.--The
                    Secretary shall prohibit schools participating in the
                    school lunch program under this Act from purchasing or
                    offering milk produced by China state-owned
                    enterprises.
                        ``(F) Limitation on authority.--The Secretary may
                    not prohibit any school participating in the school
                    lunch program under this Act from offering students the
                    milk described in subparagraph (A)(ii).''.

    SEC. 12404. COMMISSION ON FARM TRANSITIONS--NEEDS FOR 2050.

        Section 12609 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 5009) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``There is established''
            and inserting ``Not later than 60 days after the date of the
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024,
            the Secretary shall establish'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
                    Recommendations'' after ``Study'';
                        (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    inserting ``, and make recommendations relating to,''
                    after ``study on'';
                        (C) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``and
                            timely'' after ``affordable''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (D) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(D) apprenticeships, mentoring programs, business
                    training, and technical assistance programs;'';
                        (D) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``existing and new Federal tax
                            policies'' and inserting ``existing and new
                            State and Federal policies, including tax
                            policies''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or
                            impede'' after ``facilitate'';
                        (E) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (F) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (G) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) heirs' property and succession of agricultural land;
                ``(7) any unique barriers faced by historically underserved
            and women farmers and ranchers in the ability to transfer,
            inherit, or purchase agricultural assets, including land; and
                ``(8) leasing and ownership trends, including leasing and
            ownership trends by foreign persons or entities.'';
                (3) in subsection (f), by striking ``1 year after the date
            of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``2 years after the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2024''; and
                (4) in subsection (m), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 12405. REPORT ON PERSONNEL.

        Section 12506 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

    SEC. 12406. IMPROVEMENTS TO UNITED STATES DROUGHT MONITOR.

        Section 12512(d)(2) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7
    U.S.C. 5856(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 12407. AGRICULTURAL FIBER PRODUCTS TRUST FUND.

        (a) Establishment of Trust Fund.--There is established in the
    Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the
    ``Agricultural Fiber Products Trust Fund'' (in this section referred to
    as the ``Trust Fund''), consisting of such amounts as may be
    transferred to the Trust Fund pursuant to subsection (c)(1), and to be
    used for the following purposes:
                (1) Reducing the injury to domestic manufacturers resulting
            from tariffs on wool fabric that are higher than tariffs on
            certain apparel articles made of wool fabric.
                (2) Reducing the injury to domestic manufacturers resulting
            from tariffs on cotton fabric that are higher than tariffs on
            certain apparel articles made of cotton fabric.
                (3) Providing grants described in section 506(d) of the
            Trade and Development Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note).
        (b) Use of Funds.--
                (1) Wool apparel manufacturers.--From the amount made
            available in subsection (c), the Secretary shall make payments
            annually beginning in calendar year 2025 for the purposes
            described in subsection (a)(1).
                        (A) Distribution of funds.--The Secretary shall
                    make payments under paragraph (1) as follows:
                                (i) To each eligible manufacturer under
                            paragraph (3) of section 4002(c) of the Wool
                            Suit and Textile Trade Extension Act of 2004
                            (Public Law 108-429; 118 Stat. 2600), as
                            amended by section 1633(c) of the Miscellaneous
                            Trade and Technical Corrections Act of 2006
                            (Public Law 109-280; 120 Stat. 1166) and
                            section 325(b) of the Tax Extenders and
                            Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008
                            (division C of Public Law 110-343; 122 Stat.
                            3875), and any successor-in-interest to such a
                            manufacturer as provided for under paragraph
                            (4) of such section 4002(c), that submits an
                            affidavit in accordance with paragraph (2) for
                            the year of the payment, payments in amounts
                            authorized under that paragraph.
                                (ii) To each eligible manufacturer under
                            paragraph (6) of such section 4002(c), payments
                            in amounts authorized under that paragraph.
                        (B) Submission of affidavits.--An affidavit
                    required by subparagraph (A)(i) shall be submitted to
                    the Secretary, or as directed by the Secretary, and not
                    later than March 15.
                        (C) Payment of amounts.--The Secretary shall make
                    payments to eligible manufacturers and successors-in-
                    interest described in clauses (i) and (ii) of
                    subparagraph (A) not later than April 15 of the year of
                    the payment.
                        (D) Memoranda of understanding.--The Secretary
                    shall, as soon as practicable after the date of the
                    enactment of this Act, negotiate memoranda of
                    understanding with the Commissioner responsible for
                    U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Secretary of
                    Commerce to establish procedures pursuant to which the
                    Commissioner and the Secretary of Commerce will assist
                    in carrying out the provisions of this section.
                        (E) Increase in payments in the event of expiration
                    of duty suspensions.--
                                (i) In general.--In any calendar year in
                            which the suspension of duty on wool fabrics
                            provided for under headings 9902.51.11,
                            9902.51.13, 9902.51.14, 9902.51.15, and
                            9902.51.16 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of
                            the United States are not in effect, the amount
                            of any payment described in paragraph (1) to a
                            manufacturer or successor-in-interest shall be
                            increased by an amount the Secretary, after
                            consultation with the Secretary of Commerce,
                            determines is equal to the amount the
                            manufacturer or successor-in-interest would
                            have saved during the calendar year of the
                            payment if the suspension of duty on wool
                            fabrics were in effect.
                                (ii) No appeal of determinations.--A
                            determination of the Secretary under this
                            subsection shall be final and not subject to
                            appeal or protest.
                (2) Pima agriculture cotton.--From the amount made
            available in subsection (c) the Secretary shall make payments
            annually beginning in calendar year 2025 for the purpose
            described in subsection (a)(2).
                        (A) Distribution of funds.--The Secretary shall
                    make payments under paragraph (2) as follows:
                                (i) Twenty-five percent of the amounts made
                            available in subsection (c)(2)(A) shall be paid
                            to one or more nationally recognized
                            associations established for the promotion of
                            pima cotton for use in textile and apparel
                            goods.
                                (ii)(I) Except as provided in subclause
                            (II), 25 percent of the amounts made available
                            in subsection (c)(2)(A) shall be paid to yarn
                            spinners of pima cotton that produce ring spun
                            cotton yarns in the United States, to be
                            allocated to each spinner in an amount that
                            bears the same ratio as--
                                                (aa) the spinner's
                                            production of ring spun cotton
                                            yarns, measuring less than
                                            83.33 decitex (exceeding 120
                                            metric number) from pima cotton
                                            in single and plied form during
                                            the prior calendar year (as
                                            evidenced by an affidavit
                                            provided by the spinner that
                                            meets the requirements of
                                            subparagraph (B)), bears to--
                                                (bb) the production of the
                                            yarns described in item (aa)
                                            during the prior calendar year
                                            for all spinners who qualify
                                            under this paragraph.
                                        (II)(aa) A yarn spinner shall not
                                    receive an amount under clause (ii)
                                    that exceeds the cost of pima cotton
                                    that--
                                                (bb) was purchased during
                                            the prior calendar year; and
                                                (cc) was used in spinning
                                            any cotton yarns.
                                        (III) The Secretary shall
                                    reallocate any amounts reduced by
                                    reason of the limitation under item
                                    (aa) to spinners using the ratio
                                    described in subclause (I),
                                    disregarding production of any spinner
                                    subject to that limitation.
                                (iii) Fifty percent of the amounts made
                            available in subsection (c)(2)(A) shall be paid
                            to manufacturers who cut and sew cotton shirts
                            in the United States who certify that they used
                            imported cotton fabric during the prior
                            calendar year, to be allocated to each such
                            manufacturer in an amount that bears the same
                            ratio as--
                                        (I) the dollar value (excluding
                                    duty, shipping, and related costs) of
                                    imported woven cotton shirting fabric
                                    of 80s or higher count and 2-ply in
                                    warp purchased by the manufacturer
                                    during the prior calendar year (as
                                    evidenced by an affidavit provided by
                                    the manufacturer that meets the
                                    requirements of subparagraph (C)) used
                                    in the manufacturing of men's and boys'
                                    cotton shirts; bears to
                                        (II) the dollar value (excluding
                                    duty, shipping, and related costs) of
                                    the fabric described in subclause (I)
                                    purchased during the prior calendar
                                    year by all manufacturers who qualify
                                    under this clause.
                        (B) Affidavit of yarn spinners.--The affidavit
                    required by subparagraph (A)(ii)(I)(aa) is a notarized
                    affidavit provided annually by an officer of a producer
                    of ring spun yarns that affirms--
                                (i) that the producer used pima cotton
                            during the year in which the affidavit is filed
                            and during the prior calendar year to produce
                            ring spun cotton yarns in the United States,
                            measuring less than 83.33 decitex (exceeding
                            120 metric number), in single and plied form;
                                (ii) the quantity, measured in pounds, of
                            ring spun cotton yarns, measuring less than
                            83.33 decitex (exceeding 120 metric number), in
                            single and plied form during the prior calendar
                            year;
                                (iii) that the producer maintains
                            supporting documentation showing the quantity
                            of such yarns produced, and evidencing the
                            yarns as ring spun cotton yarns, measuring less
                            than 83.33 decitex (exceeding 120 metric
                            number), in single and plied form during the
                            prior calendar year; and
                                (iv) the dollar amount of pima cotton
                            purchased during the prior calendar year--
                                        (I) that was used in spinning any
                                    cotton yarns; and
                                        (II) for which the producer
                                    maintains supporting documentation.
                        (C) Affidavit of shirting manufacturers.--
                                (i) In general.--The affidavit required by
                            subparagraph (A)(iii)(I) is a notarized
                            affidavit provided annually by an officer of a
                            manufacturer of men's and boys' shirts that
                            affirms--
                                        (I) that the manufacturer used
                                    imported cotton fabric during the year
                                    in which the affidavit is filed and
                                    during the prior calendar year, to cut
                                    and sew men's and boys' woven cotton
                                    shirts in the United States;
                                        (II) the dollar value of imported
                                    woven cotton shirting fabric of 80s or
                                    higher count and 2-ply in warp
                                    purchased by the manufacturer during
                                    the prior calendar year;
                                        (III) that the manufacturer
                                    maintains invoices along with other
                                    supporting documentation (such as price
                                    lists and other technical descriptions
                                    of the fabric qualities) showing the
                                    dollar value of such fabric purchased,
                                    the date of purchase, and evidencing
                                    the fabric as woven cotton fabric of
                                    80s or higher count and 2-ply in warp;
                                    and
                                        (IV) that the fabric was suitable
                                    for use in the manufacturing of men's
                                    and boys' cotton shirts.
                                (ii) Date of purchase.--For purposes of the
                            affidavit under clause (i), the date of
                            purchase shall be the invoice date, and the
                            dollar value shall be determined excluding
                            duty, shipping, and related costs.
                        (D) Filing deadline for affidavits.--Any person
                    required to provide an affidavit under this paragraph
                    shall file the affidavit with the Secretary or as
                    directed by the Secretary not later than March 15 of
                    the applicable calendar year.
                        (E) Timing of distributions.--The Secretary shall
                    make a payment under clause (ii) or (iii) of
                    subparagraph (A) not later than the date that is 30
                    days after the filing of the affidavit required with
                    respect to that payment.
                (3) Wool research and promotion.--From the amount made
            available in subsection (c) the Secretary shall make payments
            annually beginning in calendar year 2025 for the purpose
            described in subsection (a)(3).
        (c) Funding.--
                (1) In general.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit
            Corporation, the Secretary shall transfer to the Trust Fund
            $50,000,000 for each of the calendar years 2025 through 2029.
                (2) Distribution of funds.--The funds made available under
            paragraph (1), shall be distributed to the purposes of this
            section in the following manner:
                        (A) Not less than $30,000,000 for each of the
                    calendar years 2025 through 2029 for the purposes
                    described in (a)(1).
                        (B) Not less than $17,750,000 for each of the
                    calendar years 2025 through 2029 for the purposes
                    described in (a)(2).
                        (C) Not less than $2,250,000 for each of the
                    calendar years 2025 through 2029 for the purposes
                    described in (a)(3).
                (3) Availability of funds.--Amounts transferred to the
            Trust Fund under paragraph (1) shall remain available until
            expended.
        (d) Sunset of Previous Funds.--The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public
    Law 113-79) is amended--
                (1) in section 12314 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note), by adding at the
            end the following:
        ``(i) Sunset.--Effective January 1, 2025, the Trust Fund shall be
    abolished and all unobligated amounts in the Trust Fund on such date
    shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury of the United
    States.'';
                (2) in section 12315 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note), by adding at the
            end the following:
        ``(g) Sunset.--Effective January 1, 2025, the Trust Fund shall be
    abolished and all unobligated amounts in the Trust Fund on such date
    shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury of the United
    States.''; and
                (3) in section 12316 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note)--
                        (A) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the
                    following: ``Effective January 1, 2025, the Secretary
                    may not make grants under the preceding sentence and,
                    any unobligated amounts of the amounts made available
                    under such preceding sentence, are rescinded.''; and
                        (B) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the
                    following: ``Effective January 1, 2025, the authority
                    to use unexpended unobligated balances remaining in the
                    Wool Research, Development, and Promotion Trust Fund
                    for the purposes described in the preceding sentence
                    shall cease to be effective.''.

    SEC. 12408. REPORTS ON LAND ACCESS AND FARMLAND OWNERSHIP DATA
                  COLLECTION.

        Section 12607 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    2204i) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    inserting ``and not less frequently than once every 2
                    years thereafter,'' before ``the Secretary of
                    Agriculture'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) a catalog of existing Federal, State, or private
            programs that facilitate access to land, capital, and markets,
            including programs providing assistance relating to--
                        ``(A) acquiring of real property (including air
                    rights, water rights, and other interests therein),
                    including closing costs;
                        ``(B) subsidizing interest rates and mortgage
                    principal amounts for intended beneficiaries;
                        ``(C) providing down payment assistance to decrease
                    farm mortgages;
                        ``(D) securing clear title on heirs' property
                    farmland;
                        ``(E) conducting surveys and assessments of
                    agricultural land;
                        ``(F) improving or remediating land, water, and
                    soil;
                        ``(G) constructing or repairing infrastructure;
                        ``(H) supporting land use planning;
                        ``(I) acquiring legal or financial planning
                    assistance;
                        ``(J) carrying out Tribal consultation;
                        ``(K) supporting acquisition of a Department of
                    Agriculture farm number; and
                        ``(L) any other activities as determined by the
                    Secretary.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 12409. INCREASING TRANSPARENCY REGARDING DETENTION OF IMPORTED
                  PLANTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director
    of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commissioner of U.S.
    Customs and Border Protection, shall issue guidance to clarify the
    process by which an importer of plants that have been denied entry into
    the United States and detained under the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981
    (16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.) may obtain additional information on such
    denial and detention.
        (b) Information Provided.--The process referred to in subsection
    (a) shall ensure that the Secretary shall provide to an importer
    described in such subsection, upon the detention of any plants of such
    importer, the following information:
                (1) The specific reasons for which the detention of the
            plants was initiated, including the date on which the plants
            were presented to the Secretary for examination.
                (2) The anticipated length of the detention of such plants.
                (3) The nature of the tests or inquiries to be conducted on
            the plants, which the importer shall be able to replicate.
                (4) The nature of any information that, if supplied to the
            Secretary, would accelerate the disposition of the detention.

    SEC. 12410. ENHANCEMENT OF PET PROTECTIONS.

        (a) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment
    of this Act (or later, if the Secretary determines appropriate after
    taking into consideration any ongoing programmatic review of the Animal
    Care program of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture and the
    Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on
    Appropriations of the Senate a report with respect to companion animals
    that--
                (1) evaluates the enforcement of standards under, and
            requirements of, the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.)
            by the Secretary for both effectiveness and efficiency;
                (2) evaluates the efforts by the Secretary to educate and
            advise dealers of all standards under, and requirements of,
            such Act;
                (3) evaluates the capacity of the Secretary to enforce the
            standards established by such Act;
                (4) makes recommendations for the improvement of--
                        (A) all standards (including animal welfare
                    standards) under, and requirements of, such Act; and
                        (B) education efforts of the Secretary with respect
                    to such standards and requirements; and
                (5) considers the impact and associated costs of any
            recommended improvements or amendments to the standards under,
            and requirements of, such Act.
        (b) Veterinary Care.--
                (1) In general.--Section 13(a)(2)(A) of the Animal Welfare
            Act (7 U.S.C. 2143(a)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting ``(which
            shall include visual dental examinations)'' after ``adequate
            veterinary care''.
                (2) Technical amendment.--Section 13 of the Animal Welfare
            Act (7 U.S.C. 2143) is amended by redesignating the second
            subsection (f) (prohibiting delivery of certain animals without
            certificate of inspection), subsection (g), and subsection (h)
            as subsections (g) through (i), respectively.
        (c) Confiscation for Unrelieved Suffering.--
                (1) In general.--Section 13 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
            U.S.C. 2143) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) The Secretary shall promulgate such rules and regulations as
    may be necessary to, during the inspection process under section 16--
                ``(1) provide for the notification of State law enforcement
            officials or the State animal health official (or designee of
            such official); or
                ``(2) consider immediate confiscation or destruction of a
            dog, in the event that such dog is determined to be in a state
            of unrelieved suffering.''.
                (2) Definition.--Section 2 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
            U.S.C. 2132) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(p) The term `unrelieved suffering' means, with respect to a dog,
    a state in which the dog is forced to endure conditions, arising out of
    a dealer's failure to comply with the provisions of this Act, which
    cause severe pain or distress or severe discomfort, or which could
    directly and negatively impact the health and well-being of the dog if
    immediate actions are not taken to remedy the situation.''.

    SEC. 12411. PROTECTING ANIMALS WITH SHELTER.

        Section 12502(b)(8) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
    (Public Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2029''.

    SEC. 12412. REPORT ON AVAILABLE ASSISTANCE TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN
                  THE STATE OF TEXAS THAT HAVE SUFFERED ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE
                  TO THE FAILURE OF MEXICO TO DELIVER WATER.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
    and Forestry of the Senate a report that lists all existing authorities
    of the Secretary and programs within the Department that are or could
    be made available to provide assistance to agricultural producers in
    the State of Texas that have suffered economic losses due to the
    failure of Mexico to deliver water to the United States in accordance
    with the Treaty Relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado
    and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande signed at Washington on
    February 3, 1944 and the Supplementary Protocol signed at Washington
    November 14, 1944.

    SEC. 12413. EXPERIENCED SERVICES PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary shall use the talents of individuals
    who are age 55 or older, but who are not employees of the Department or
    a State agriculture department, to provide technical, professional, and
    administrative services in support of programs and authorities in each
    mission area of the Department, other than programs and authorities of
    the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Forest Service.
        (b) Agreements.--The Secretary shall enter into agreements under
    section 1252(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851(b))
    for purposes of carrying out subsection (a).
        (c) Funding.--The Secretary may carry out subsection (a) using
    funds made available to carry out any program in the applicable mission
    area of the Department.
        (d) Liability.--Section 1252(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3851(d)) shall apply to individuals providing technical,
    professional, or administrative services pursuant to this section.
        (e) References to Experienced Services Program.--For purposes of
    this section, references in subsections (b) and (d) of section 1252 of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851) to the program shall be
    deemed to be references to this section.

    SEC. 12414. AGRICULTURAL LABOR SURVEY.

        (a) In General.--In carrying out the Agricultural Labor Survey, the
    Secretary shall make such changes as are necessary to--
                (1) collect and publish data regarding the average hourly
            base rate of pay for hired agricultural workers; and
                (2) ensure survey recipients include all agricultural
            employers, agricultural associations employing farm labor, and
            farm labor contractors (as such term is defined in section
            500.20 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor
            regulations).
        (b) Report Required.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
            the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate a report examining the quality of the farm labor survey
            and the impacts of labor costs on agricultural employers.
                (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall
            examine--
                        (A) with regard to the Agricultural Labor Survey--
                                (i) for each of the previous 5 years--
                                        (I) the number of surveys that were
                                    distributed;
                                        (II) the number of responses to
                                    such surveys; and
                                        (III) relevant metrics regarding
                                    the statistical soundness of such
                                    surveys, including the survey response
                                    rate; and
                                (ii) what actions can be taken by the
                            Secretary to increase the response rate and
                            improve the statistical soundness of such
                            survey; and
                        (B) with regard to agricultural labor costs--
                                (i) the share of such costs as a percentage
                            of total variable costs, broken out by size of
                            operation and by primary commodity produced;
                                (ii) an analysis of the impact of such
                            costs on beginning farmers and ranchers (as
                            defined in section 210A(a) of the Agricultural
                            Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c(a)));
                                (iii) a comparison of the trends of wages
                            surveyed under the agricultural labor survey
                            and the non-farm wage rates over the previous
                            10 years;
                                (iv) an analysis of the extent to which the
                            Adverse Effect Wage Rate (as defined in section
                            500.10 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations
                            (or successor regulations)) utilized by the H-
                            2A temporary agricultural labor certification
                            program impacts costs for all agricultural
                            workers; and
                                (v) a determination of any adverse effect
                            the wage rate described in clause (iv) has on
                            domestic agricultural workers.

    SEC. 12415. EXTENSION OF SECURE RURAL SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITY SELF-
                  DETERMINATION ACT OF 2000.

        (a) Secure Payments for States and Counties Containing Federal
    Land.--
                (1) Secure payments.--Section 101 of the Secure Rural
            Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C.
            7111) is amended, in subsections (a) and (b), by striking
            ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``2026''.
                (2) Distribution of payments to eligible counties.--Section
            103(d)(2) of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
            Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7113(d)(2)) is amended by
            striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2026''.
        (b) Extension of Authority To Conduct Special Projects on Federal
    Land.--
                (1) Existing advisory committees.--Section 205(a)(4) of the
            Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of
            2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125(a)(4)) is amended by striking ``December
            20, 2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``December 20,
            2026''.
                (2) Extension of authority.--Section 208 of the Secure
            Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (16
            U.S.C. 7128) is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``2025'' and
                    inserting ``2028''; and
                        (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``2026'' and
                    inserting ``2029''.
        (c) Extension of Authority To Expend County Funds.--Section 305 of
    the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000
    (16 U.S.C. 7144) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2025'' and inserting
            ``2028''; and
                (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``2026'' and inserting
            ``2029''.

    SEC. 12416. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION WHISTLEBLOWER PROGRAM.

        Section 1(b) of Public Law 117-25 (135 Stat. 297; 136 Stat. 2133)
    is amended in each of paragraphs (3) and (4), by striking ``2024'' and
    inserting ``2026''.

    SEC. 12417. QUALIFIED RENEWABLE BIOMASS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Agency action.--The term ``agency action'' has the
            meaning given the term in section 551 of title 5, United States
            Code.
                (2) Qualified renewable biomass.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``qualified renewable
                    biomass'' means--
                                (i) forest products manufacturing bioenergy
                            feedstocks, including from--
                                        (I) forest products manufacturing
                                    residuals, including spent pulping
                                    liquors, pulping by-products, bark,
                                    woody manufacturing residuals, paper
                                    recycling residuals, wastewater and
                                    process water treatment plant
                                    residuals, and anaerobic digester
                                    biogas;
                                        (II) harvest residues, including
                                    portions of harvested trees that are
                                    too small or of too poor quality to be
                                    utilized for wood products or paper
                                    products;
                                        (III) downed wood from extreme
                                    weather events and natural disasters,
                                    nonhazardous landscape or right-of-way
                                    trimmings and municipal trimmings, and
                                    plant material removed for purposes of
                                    invasive or noxious plant species
                                    control;
                                        (IV) biowaste, including landfill
                                    gas; and
                                        (V) non-chemically treated used
                                    wood products, such as crates or
                                    pallets; and
                                (ii) forest biomass derived from residues
                            created as a by-product of timber harvesting,
                            including treetops, tree limbs, and bark, but
                            excluding stumps, roots, and round wood
                            suitable for industrial purposes.
                        (B) Exclusion.--Such term does not include paper of
                    a type that is commonly recycled.
        (b) In General.--
                (1) Consideration as renewable energy source.--With respect
            to any agency action of the Department of Agriculture related
            to qualified renewable biomass, the Secretary shall consider
            qualified renewable biomass to be a renewable energy source and
            assign it (and a facility, to the extent it uses qualified
            renewable biomass as fuel) a greenhouse gas emission rate, and
            a carbon intensity, of not greater than zero, if the use of
            such qualified renewable biomass as fuel does not cause the
            conversion of forests to non-forest use.
                (2) Petitions.--Not later than 1 year after receiving a
            petition requesting a change to a rule, policy, or program of
            the Department of Agriculture in order to comply with the
            requirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take such
            action as may be necessary to comply with such requirements
            with respect to such rule, policy, or program.
        (c) Guidance.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish
            guidance for purposes of carrying out subsection (b).
                (2) Modification.--The Secretary may periodically update
            the guidance established under paragraph (1) as the Secretary
            may determine necessary.
                (3) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Secretary shall consult with--
                        (A) the Administrator of the Environmental
                    Protection Agency;
                        (B) the Secretary of Energy; and
                        (C) any other relevant entities, as determined by
                    the Secretary.
                                     <all>