[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6213 Reported in House (RH)]

<DOC>





                                                 Union Calendar No. 510
118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 6213

                          [Report No. 118-612]

   To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other 
                               purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            November 3, 2023

  Mr. Lucas (for himself, Ms. Lofgren, Mr. Collins, Ms. Stevens, Mr. 
    Williams of New York, Mr. Bowman, Mr. Babin, Mr. Sorensen, Mr. 
 Obernolte, Mrs. Foushee, Mr. Miller of Ohio, and Ms. Ross) introduced 
  the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, 
                         Space, and Technology

                             July 25, 2024

  Additional sponsors: Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Casten, Mr. Baird, Mr. 
  Mullin, Mr. Mike Garcia of California, Ms. Salinas, Ms. Tenney, Mr. 
 Jackson of North Carolina, Mr. Kean of New Jersey, Ms. Bonamici, Mr. 
   Wittman, Mr. Feenstra, Ms. Lee of Pennsylvania, Ms. Caraveo, Mrs. 
Sykes, Mr. Morelle, Mr. Neguse, Ms. Norton, Mr. Thanedar, Mr. Thompson 
              of Pennsylvania, Ms. DelBene, and Mr. Allred

                             July 25, 2024

  Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
       House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]
    [For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on 
                           November 3, 2023]


_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
   To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other 
                               purposes.


 


    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Quantum Initiative 
Reauthorization Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the 
        first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the 
        ``Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications''), and 
        the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the 
        ``Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science'') as paragraphs 
        (7), (9), (12), (13), (15), and (16), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new 
        paragraphs:
            ``(4) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory' 
        has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
        Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
            ``(5) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign 
        country of concern' means--
                    ``(A) a country that is a covered nation (as such 
                term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 10, United 
                States Code); and
                    ``(B) any country that the Secretary of Commerce, 
                in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the 
                Secretary of State, and the Director of National 
                Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that 
                is detrimental to the national security or foreign 
                policy of the United States.
            ``(6) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity 
        of concern' means a foreign entity that is--
                    ``(A) designated as a foreign terrorist 
                organization by the Secretary of State under section 
                219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
                1189(a));
                    ``(B) included on the list of specially designated 
                nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office 
                of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the 
                Treasury (commonly known as the `SDN list');
                    ``(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the 
                jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign 
                country that is a covered nation (as such term is 
                defined in section 4872 of title 10, United States 
                Code);
                    ``(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been 
                involved in activities for which a conviction was 
                obtained under--
                            ``(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States 
                        Code (commonly known as the `Espionage Act');
                            ``(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, 
                        United States Code;
                            ``(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United 
                        States Code (commonly known as the `Economic 
                        Espionage Act of 1996');
                            ``(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 
                        U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
                            ``(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of 
                        the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 
                        2275, 2276, 2277, and 2284);
                            ``(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 
                        2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or
                            ``(vii) the International Emergency 
                        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); 
                        or
                    ``(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in 
                consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the 
                Director of National Intelligence, to be engaged in 
                unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the 
                national security or foreign policy of the United 
                States.'';
            (3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``(a)'' each place it appears;
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated, 
        the following new paragraph:
            ``(8) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' 
        has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).'';
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated, 
        the following new paragraphs:
            ``(10) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum 
        applications' means applications that use quantum information 
        science engineering and technology, including quantum 
        algorithms and software, quantum computing and quantum-
        classical hybrids, quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum 
        encryption, or quantum communications applications.
            ``(11) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing' 
        means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies, 
        including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that 
        utilize a variety of qubit architectures, such as 
        superconducting, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, spin 
        atoms, or spin electrons.'';
            (6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read 
        as follows:
            ``(12) Quantum information science, technology, and 
        engineering.--The term `quantum information science, 
        technology, and engineering' means the understanding, 
        translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum physics 
        for the storage, transmission, manipulation, computing, 
        simulation, or measurement of information.''; and
            (7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated, 
        the following new paragraph:
            ``(14) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and 
        professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering, 
        and mathematics, including computer science.''.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

    Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8802) 
is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``science and its technology applications'' and inserting 
        ``science, engineering, and technology'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``science and technology'' and inserting 
                ``science, engineering, and technology'';
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) to expand the number of researchers, 
                educators, and students with training in quantum 
                information science, engineering, and technology to 
                develop a domestic workforce pipeline and retain 
                international talent to the extent consistent with 
                national security and international competitiveness;'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science at 
                the'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                technology at the primary, secondary,'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``basic'';
                    (E) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
                        semicolon; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraphs:
                    ``(F) to support development of quantum 
                applications, including quantum-hybrid applications, to 
                promote innovation and commercialization; and
                    ``(G) to support technologies, including artificial 
                intelligence, that could benefit from or benefit the 
                development of quantum technology and promote research, 
                development, demonstration, and application of such 
                technologies in quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology.'';
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science and 
        technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
        technology'';
            (4) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and 
        technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
        technology'';
            (5) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) by inserting ``National Laboratories,'' after 
                ``Federal laboratories,''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
            (6) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by inserting ``partnerships, research 
                        collaborations, and'' after ``international''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``science and technology 
                        security'' and inserting ``science, 
                        engineering, and technology'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, social benefit,'' 
                        after ``innovation''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
                        semicolon;
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
                    ``(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in 
                quantum capabilities between the United States and its 
                allies and partners to strengthen and secure the 
                domestic supply chain and related ecosystem; and''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short- and long-
        term viability of the quantum technology industry, including 
        small and medium-sized businesses and startups representing a 
        diversity of quantum specialties, and commercialization of 
        domestic quantum capacity across modalities.''.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.

    Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum Initiative 
Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``development'' and inserting 
                ``research development, and near- and medium-term, and 
                long-term demonstration'';
                    (B) by striking ``information science and 
                technology''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``in diverse sectors'' after 
                ``applications'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``fundamental'';
                    (B) by striking ``science and technology'' and 
                inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``infrastructure,'' after 
                ``demonstration,'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) by inserting ``and retain'' after ``to 
                develop''; and
                    (B) by striking ``science and technology'' and 
                inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
            (4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
            ``(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of 
        Federal quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology research, development, demonstration, standards 
        engagement, and other activities under the Program, including 
        activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. 
        McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 
        (10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum educational activities and 
        programs authorized pursuant to section 10661 of the Research 
        and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
        19261), and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;''; 
        and
            (5) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) by striking ``industry and universities'' and 
                inserting ``industry, universities, and strategic 
                allies''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, including human resources'' 
                after ``resources''.

SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.

    Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by inserting ``who shall be'' before 
                        ``appointed''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, and who shall serve a 
                        four year term, subject to renewal'' before the 
                        semicolon; and
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) staff comprised of employees detailed from 
                the Federal departments and agencies specified in 
                section 103(b).''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and 
                technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                technology research and workforce'';
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``;'';
                    (D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
            ``(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures 
        or consortia established under this Act;'';
                    (E) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``nonprofit 
                research organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
                    (F) by adding after paragraph (7), the following 
                new paragraphs:
            ``(8) promote understanding and adoption of quantum 
        capabilities throughout the United States economy as 
        appropriate; and
            ``(9) track and promote policies that will ensure stability 
        of the United States quantum workforce, quantum supply chain, 
        domestic quantum industry, and international trade.''.

SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

    Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8813) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph 
                (14); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following 
                new paragraphs:
            ``(9) the Department of Health and Human Services;
            ``(10) the Department of State;
            ``(11) the Department of Homeland Security;
            ``(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
            ``(13) the Department of Education; and'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the quantum 
                information science and technology research'' and 
                inserting ``quantum information science, engineering, 
                and technology research and quantum application 
                development, demonstration, and commercialization'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``, engineering, 
                and technology'' after ``science'';
                    (C) in paragraph (5),
                            (i) by inserting ``, engineering, and 
                        technology'' after ``science''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``and conduct comparative 
                        benchmarking of Federal investments and 
                        research strategies relative to those of our 
                        strategic partners and other countries'' after 
                        ``development efforts'';
                    (D) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
                        semicolon;
                    (E) in paragraph (7)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, engineering and 
                        technology'' after ``science''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period and inserting 
                        ``; and''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to 
        advance quantum applications related to environment, advanced 
        manufacturing, biotechnology, space, and other sectors.'';
            (3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ``, including a 
        description of agency roles and responsibilities'' before the 
        period; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(i) Quantum Use Cases.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Subcommittee shall identify 
        potential use cases with respect to which quantum computing 
        could advance the missions of participating agencies, including 
        through on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, or networked 
        approaches.
            ``(2) Quantum on-ramp.--For each potential use case 
        identified pursuant to paragraph (1), the relevant Federal 
        agency, in consultation with the Subcommittee, may develop a 
        plan to enable such agency to address each such potential use 
        case.
            ``(3) Reporting.--The Subcommittee, as part of the annual 
        report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g) shall 
        report progress in carrying out the activities under this 
        section, including information relating to the following:
                    ``(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant 
                to paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to 
                paragraph (2).
                    ``(C) Any obstacles to addressing such potential 
                use cases, including lack of funding.''.

SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814) 
is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist of 
members, appointed by the President, who are--
            ``(1) representative of industry, including end users 
        likely to benefit from quantum technology and small and medium-
        sized businesses and startups representing a diversity of 
        quantum specialties. universities, and Federal laboratories; 
        and
            ``(2) qualified to provide advice and information on 
        quantum information science, engineering, and technology 
        research, development, demonstrations, standards, STEM 
        education, technology transfer, commercial application, or 
        national security and economic concerns.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and 
                technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                technology'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F), 
                and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), and (H), 
                respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following new subparagraph:
                    ``(D) other countries' quantum programs and the 
                progress of such countries and such programs relative 
                to the Program;'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated--
                            (i) by striking ``to'' and inserting 
                        ``promote innovation, foster a robust United 
                        States quantum industry, and''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology''; and
                    (E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesignated, by 
                inserting ``, including to address any gaps that may 
                exist'' before the semicolon;
                    (F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``open standards for, quantum information 
                science and technology; and'' and inserting 
                ``international standards in open and transparent 
                standardization systems for quantum information 
                science, engineering, and technology;'';
                    (G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated--
                            (i) by inserting ``educational, 
                        environmental, health,'' after ``legal,''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period and inserting 
                        ``;''; and
                    (H) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraphs:
                    ``(I) the domestic and international cooperation 
                needs and goals of the Program, including needs and 
                goals related to infrastructure and the supply chain of 
                quantum information science, engineering, and 
                technology; and
                    ``(J) the degree to which quantum information 
                science, engineering, and technology is enhancing or 
                can enhance the capabilities of the United States 
                advanced industrial economy and protect or optimize 
                critical infrastructure (as such term is defined in 
                section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C. 
                5195c(e))).'';
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by inserting ``through December 31, 2030'' 
                after ``thereafter''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                sentence: ``In the first such report required after the 
                date of the enactment of this sentence, the Advisory 
                Committee shall assess the advisability and feasibility 
                of establishing a quantum communications corridor in 
                which Federal laboratories, institutions of higher 
                education, and other entities conducting quantum 
                information science, engineering, and technology 
                research are connected via quantum communication 
                networks capable of rapidly and securely transmitting 
                large quantities of information.''; and
            (4) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
    ``(g) FACA Exemption.--The President shall charter the Advisory 
Committee in accordance with chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code 
(commonly referred to as the `Federal Advisory Committee Act'), except 
that the Advisory Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 of such 
title.''.

SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF 
              QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

    Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 
8814a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph 
                (14); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following 
                new paragraphs:
            ``(11) the Department of Health and Human Services;
            ``(12) the Department of State;
            ``(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
        and'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``information 
                science'' and inserting ``information science, 
                engineering, and technology'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or to supply 
                chains'' before the semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or supply 
                chains'' before the semicolon;
                    (D) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) by inserting ``and engineering'' after 
                        ``quantum information science''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``any'' before ``export 
                        controls'';
                    (E) in paragraph (6), by striking ``information 
                science'' and inserting ``information science, 
                engineering, and technology'';
                    (F) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon;
                    (G) in paragraph (8)--
                            (i) by inserting ``nonprofit research 
                        organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period and inserting a 
                        semicolon; and
                    (H) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraphs:
            ``(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum 
        Information Science, identify opportunities to increase 
        coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence 
        quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative 
        quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration 
        between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities 
        or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information 
        science, engineering, and technology; and
            ``(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining 
        students and scholars with expertise in quantum related fields 
        to Federal departments and agencies.''.

SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

    The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after 
section 105 the following new section:

``SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

    ``(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the date of 
the enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, 
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation, and the heads of other Federal agencies, 
as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy to--
            ``(1) establish collaborative international partnerships, 
        including co-funded international programs, to advance research 
        and development, testing and evaluation, commercialization, and 
        interoperability in quantum information science, engineering, 
        and technology with allies and partners of the United States, 
        and other countries, when in the security, strategic, 
        technological, and scientific interests of the United States;
            ``(2) ensure continued United States participation in 
        bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology on the 
        international stage;
            ``(3) promote the integrity and impartiality of 
        international standards organizations and processes related to 
        quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
            ``(4) ensure ethical application of quantum information 
        science, engineering, and technology to protect civil liberties 
        and basic human rights.
    ``(b) Designation.--The strategy under subsection shall be known as 
the `International Quantum Cooperation Strategy' (in this section 
referred to as the `Strategy').
    ``(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the Director 
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Quantum 
Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, 
the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications, and the 
relevant agencies should consider the following:
            ``(1) The establishment of international partnerships to 
        advance research and development in quantum information 
        science, engineering, and technology.
            ``(2) Key partners that are allies of the United States and 
        have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of 
        quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
            ``(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national 
        security and economic interests of the United States during 
        development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide, 
        including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and 
        partners, and other countries.
            ``(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible global 
        development and deployment of quantum technologies, including 
        through international engagement and leadership in the 
        development of international standards.
            ``(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain 
        international talent.
            ``(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and 
        suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United States 
        to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain, including 
        raw materials such as Helium-3, plans for engagement with 
        allies and partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options 
        to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global quantum 
        supply chain.
            ``(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported 
        through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole or 
        in part, including in quantum technologies critical to national 
        security, from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by 
        foreign entities of concern.
            ``(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or 
        administrative action needed to carry out the Strategy.
    ``(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the 
Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the committees 
specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.''.

SEC. 10. SUNSET.

    Section 106(a) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 
8815(a)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the 
authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105 shall 
terminate on December 30, 2030.''.

SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND 
              QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.

    Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``basic and applied''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by inserting ``attract, educate, and'' 
                        before ``train''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology'';
                    (C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the 
        development and standardization of quantum cryptography, post-
        quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 of 
        the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 
        1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), and practices to replace 
        cryptographic keys or algorithms with minimal disruption to 
        current applications and systems;''.
                    (D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
            ``(4) shall carry out research, development, and 
        demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the 
        development and standardization of quantum networking, 
        communications, computing, metrology, sensing technologies and 
        quantum applications, including quantum supporting 
        technologies, such as artificial intelligence;''.
                    (E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) 
                as paragraphs (8), (9), and (11), respectively;
                    (F) by inserting the following after paragraph (4) 
                the following new paragraphs:
            ``(5) shall carry out research to support the measurement 
        of comparative performance and progress of quantum 
        technologies, including, as practicable, technology readiness 
        assessments of quantum technologies;
            ``(6) shall promote United States participation in 
        international standards organizations related to quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology;
            ``(7) shall establish or expand partnerships with the 
        public sector and private sector to--
                    ``(A) accelerate the development of domestic 
                quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting 
                technologies; and
                    ``(B) reduce quantum supply chain 
                vulnerabilities;'';
                    (G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``infrastructure'' and inserting ``, 
                communications, sensing, and computing'';
                    (H) in paragraph (9), as so redesignated--
                            (i) by inserting ``non-profit research 
                        organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and engineering; and'' 
                        and inserting ``, engineering, and technology 
                        and expanding the domestic STEM workforce;''; 
                        and
                    (I) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following 
                the following new paragraph:
            ``(10) shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary 
        to carry out title II; and'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``future'' and inserting 
                        ``research''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                        follows:
                    ``(A) to gather and assess information on the 
                quantum industry to address the needs identified in 
                paragraph (1);'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) 
                        and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
                    ``(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the 
                National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
                Program, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
                can address the gaps in the research necessary to meet 
                the needs identified in paragraph (1) and accelerate 
                real-world uses of quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology;
                    ``(C) to identify enabling technologies and the 
                relevant supply chain essential to foster research and 
                industrial competitiveness in quantum information 
                science, engineering, and technology, and communicate 
                findings to Federal agencies and other domestic and 
                international stakeholders;
                    ``(D) to assess and identify key areas for 
                establishing, expanding, or developing international 
                partnerships that will facilitate United States 
                quantum-related business engagement; and
                    ``(E) to provide recommendations on how the 
                National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
                Program, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
                can incorporate small and medium-sized businesses and 
                startups into Federal quantum activities and promote 
                the success of small and medium-sized startups.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``Not later than 2 years 
                        after the date of enactment of this Act, the'' 
                        and inserting ``The''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``periodically, but not 
                        less than every five years,'' after ``shall''; 
                        and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(4) Coordination.--As appropriate, the consortium is 
        encouraged to engage with Federal agencies that fund research, 
        have a mission to transition or translate research results to 
        practical quantum applications, or have a mission that could 
        benefit from the development of quantum technologies, to inform 
        and accelerate progress in such areas.''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following 
        new subsections:
    ``(c) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute 
        of Standards and Technology, in coordination with the Secretary 
        of State and the Director of the National Science Foundation, 
        shall promote, establish, and support international quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology research, 
        metrology research, and standardization, as appropriate, to 
        enhance international cooperation, meet United States 
        commitments, and support United States engagement in 
        international standards for quantum information science, 
        engineering, and technology.
            ``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
        shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum Information 
        Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National Standards 
        Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor 
        strategies.
            ``(3) Restrictions.--
                    ``(A) Confucius institute.--None of the funds made 
                available under this section may be obligated or 
                expended to an institution of higher education that 
                maintains a contract or agreement between such 
                institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor 
                of a Confucius Institute.
                    ``(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.--
                None of the funds made available under this section may 
                be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or 
                finance quantum research activities between a United 
                States entity and a foreign country of concern or 
                foreign entity of concern, except such restriction 
                shall not apply to participation by awardees in 
                consensus-based international standardization 
                activities.
    ``(d) Post Quantum Cryptography Deployment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute 
        of Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Secretary 
        of Homeland Security, the heads of Sector Risk Management 
        Agencies (as such term is defined in section 2200 of the 
        Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650)), and private 
        sector entities, as appropriate, shall promote the voluntary 
        development, adoption, and deployment of standards relating to 
        post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 
        of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 
        U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), including by--
                    ``(A) disseminating and making publicly available 
                guidance and resources to help organizations adopt and 
                deploy standards relating to post-quantum cryptography 
                and minimize disruptions to current applications and 
                systems caused by cryptographic updates;
                    ``(B) providing technical assistance, as 
                practicable, to entities that are at high risk of 
                quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, such as entities 
                determined to be critical infrastructure (as such term 
                is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 
                U.S.C. 5195c(e))) or digital infrastructure providers; 
                and
                    ``(C) conducting such other activities as 
                determined necessary by the Director to promote the 
                development, adoption, and deployment across the United 
                States of standards relating to post-quantum 
                cryptography.
            ``(2) Grant program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
                appropriations and after the date on which the Director 
                of National Institute of Standards and Technology has 
                issued standards relating to post-quantum cryptography, 
                the Director may establish a program to identify and 
                provide technical assistance through the award of 
                grants to entities that are at high risk of quantum 
                cryptoanalytic attacks, including by granting funds for 
                the adoption of such standards and the remediation of 
                quantum-related vulnerabilities.
                    ``(B) Use of funds.--Grants awarded to entities 
                under this paragraph may be used to cover reasonable 
                costs, up to a specified amount established by the 
                Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
                Technology, for activities to adopt standards relating 
                to post-quantum cryptographic and remediate quantum-
                related vulnerabilities.
                    ``(C) Guidance.--The Director of the National 
                Institute of Standards and Technology may develop, and 
                periodically update, guidance, including relating to 
                eligibility, application disclosure requirements, grant 
                amount and duration, and any additional requirements 
                regarding the award of grants under this paragraph.
                    ``(D) Consultation.--If the program described in 
                this paragraph is established, the Director of the 
                National Institute of Standards and Technology shall 
                consult with the Director of the Cybersecurity and 
                Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of 
                Homeland Security, the heads of other Sector Risk 
                Management Agencies, and appropriate representatives of 
                private sector entities, including nonprofit 
                organizations, to share information regarding the grant 
                program under this paragraph and guidance developed and 
                updated under subparagraph (C).
    ``(e) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to section 
10211 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act 
(Public Law 117-167) for scientific and technical research and services 
laboratory activities, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to carry 
out this section up to $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 
through 2027.''.

SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM 
              CENTERS.

    Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 
adding at the end the following new sections:

``SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM 
              CENTERS.

    ``(a) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of 
        Standards and Technology, in consultation with the heads of 
        other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall 
        carry out a program to establish and operate at least one, but 
        not more than three, centers to accelerate research, 
        development, deployment, and standardization of quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology.
            ``(2) Program details.--
                    ``(A) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The 
                centers shall be established through a competitive, 
                merit-reviewed process.
                    ``(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant 
                described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to the 
                Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
                Technology an application at such time, in such manner, 
                and containing such information as the Director 
                determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants 
                described in this subparagraph are the following:
                            ``(i) Institutions of higher education.
                            ``(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
                            ``(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations, 
                        including multiple types of research 
                        institutions, private sector entities, Federal 
                        laboratories, and nonprofit organizations, or a 
                        consortia thereof.
                            ``(iv) Any other entity the Director 
                        determines appropriate.
            ``(3) Selection of topics.--The Director of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology shall solicit proposals 
        and prioritize the following topics in the initial selection of 
        centers, subject to merit-review:
                    ``(A) Quantum sensing and measurement.
                    ``(B) Quantum engineering.
    ``(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, centers 
developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under this section 
shall serve the mission of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology, for the benefit of the broader United States quantum 
information science community, to develop processes for the following 
purposes--
            ``(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology.
            ``(2) Advancing technology transfer.
            ``(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
    ``(c) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination, and avoid 
unnecessary duplication of, the activities carried out under this 
section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities 
carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
    ``(d) Selection and Duration.--
            ``(1) In general.--The centers established under this 
        section are authorized to carry out activities for a period of 
        five years.
            ``(2) Renewal.--Each center established under this section 
        may be renewed for an additional period of five years following 
        a successful merit-based review by the Director.
            ``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the 
        National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of 
        the National Institute of Standards and Technology may 
        terminate an underperforming center for cause during the 
        performance period.
    ``(e) Funding.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for each center 
established under this section for each of fiscal years 2024 through 
2028, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts made 
available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts 
appropriated or otherwise made available to the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology.

``SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.

    ``The activities authorized under title II shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE 
              RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.

    Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841) 
is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by inserting ``, engineering, and 
        technology'' after ``science'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``basic''; and
                    (B) by striking ``science and engineering'' and 
                inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``basic''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``science and 
                                engineering'' and inserting ``science, 
                                engineering, and technology''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``human resources'' 
                                and inserting ``education and 
                                workforce''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``science and 
                                engineering'' and inserting ``science, 
                                engineering, and technology''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in clause (i)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``science 
                                        and engineering'' and inserting 
                                        ``science, engineering, and 
                                        technology'';
                                            (bb) by inserting ``K-12, 
                                        vocational,'' before 
                                        ``undergraduate''; and
                                            (cc) by striking ``and'' 
                                        after the semicolon;
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by inserting 
                                ``and'' after the semicolon; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following new clause:
                            ``(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers 
                        of quantum information science, engineering, 
                        and technology, and explore solutions to 
                        important challenges for the development, 
                        application, and commercialization of quantum 
                        technologies;'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``science and engineering'' and inserting 
                        ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``science and engineering'' and inserting 
                        ``science, engineering, and technology'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon;
                            (v) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
                        period and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (vi) by adding at the end the following new 
                        subparagraph:
                    ``(F) providing infrastructure to support academic 
                quantum information science, engineering, and 
                technology, including through existing infrastructure 
                programs and new activities.'';
            (4) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
    ``(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other Models.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies the 
        Director considers appropriate, shall award grants to 
        institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit 
        organizations (or consortia thereof) to increase capacity and 
        broaden participation, including through provisioning of 
        experiential opportunities, where appropriate, in quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology and other 
        related disciplines.
            ``(2) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National 
        Science Foundation may establish or use existing programs to 
        make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit 
        organizations (or consortia thereof) to provide traineeships to 
        graduate students at institutions of higher education within 
        the United States who are citizens of the United States and who 
        choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology, or related 
        fields, and by providing students with opportunities for 
        research experiences in government or industry related to such 
        students' quantum studies.
            ``(3) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director of the National 
                Science Foundation may establish or use existing 
                programs to support fellowships and scholarships for 
                students at institutions of higher education for the 
                purpose of increasing quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate 
                and graduate STEM students and increasing post-
                graduation employment opportunities for STEM students.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--Eligible participants in the 
                fellowship and scholarship program shall--
                            ``(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from 
                        a STEM degree program at a domestic institution 
                        of higher education; and
                            ``(ii) have taken at least one quantum-
                        science or quantum-relevant course as part of 
                        their degree programs.
                    ``(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and 
                scholarships may include temporary quantum-related 
                positions at State or Federal agencies, national 
                laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of 
                higher education, the Quantum Centers and Institute 
                established in sections 202, 302, 402, and 502, or 
                other quantum-relevant entities, as determined 
                appropriate by the Director.
                    ``(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and 
                scholarships shall be competitively awarded through a 
                merit-review process. The Director of the National 
                Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that 
                include an industry partner that provides financial 
                assistance to the applicant for direct or indirect 
                costs.
            ``(4) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The 
        Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to 
        increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate 
        students by encouraging proposals in quantum information 
        science, engineering, and technology, through the research 
        experiences for undergraduates pursuant to section 514 of the 
        America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-
        6).
            ``(5) Co-operative education programs.--The Director of the 
        National Science Foundation may establish or use existing 
        programs to support cooperative education programs between 
        institutions of higher education and employers that increase 
        opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire 
        experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum 
        information sciences, engineering, and technology.
            ``(6) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under 
        this subsection, the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall encourage awardees to partner with relevant 
        Federal agencies, Federal laboratories, industry and other 
        private sector organizations, and nonprofit organizations to 
        facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on 
        learning experiences.'';
            (5) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``QISE'' 
                and inserting ``QISET'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``information science and 
                        engineering (referred to in this subsection as 
                        `QISE')'' and inserting ``information science, 
                        engineering, and technology (referred to in 
                        this subsection as QISET)''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``and career and 
                        technical education entities'' after 
                        ``colleges'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``QISE'' and inserting ``quantum information 
                        science, engineering, and technology'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, 
                        engineering, and technology'' after 
                        ``science'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, 
                        including those relevant to emerging 
                        technologies, such as artificial intelligence, 
                        microelectronics, and nano technology'' after 
                        ``fields''.
                            (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and 
                        (F) as subparagraphs (F) and (H), respectively;
                            (v) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                        following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) Informal education methods to enhance 
                experiences of students of all ages with quantum 
                information science, engineering, and technology 
                concepts and applications.'';
                            (vi) by inserting after subparagraph (F), 
                        as so redesignated, the following new 
                        subparagraph:
                    ``(G) Methods to introduce security and other 
                potential societal dimensions associated with quantum 
                information science, engineering, and technology into 
                STEM curricula.''; and
                            (vii) in subparagraph (H), as so 
                        redesignated, by inserting ``, engineering, and 
                        technology'' after ``science'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3), by striking ``QISE'' and 
                inserting ``quantum information science, engineering, 
                and technology''; and
                    (E) by striking paragraph (4); and
            (6) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(e) Quantum Research Experiences for Teachers.--The Director of 
the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to 
engage educators, principals, or other school leaders of K-12 students 
in professional learning opportunities to enhance quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology knowledge, including by--
            ``(1) providing hands-on training and research 
        opportunities for such educators at Federal Laboratories, 
        institutions of higher education, or in industry; and
            ``(2) developing best practices.
    ``(f) Expanding Capacity in Quantum Information Science, 
Engineering, and Technology (QISET).--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, in consultation with the heads of Federal agencies 
        the Director considers appropriate, shall make awards on a 
        competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of 
        higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or 
        consortia thereof) to increase research capacity, education and 
        infrastructure capacity, and broaden participation in quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology and related 
        disciplines, including by--
                    ``(A) supporting curriculum development in quantum 
                information science, engineering, and technology as 
                described in section 301(d) of the National Quantum 
                Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841(d));
                    ``(B) building upon the activities carried out 
                under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders Pilot Program 
                authorized under section 10661(f) of the Research and 
                Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public 
                Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19261(f)); and
                    ``(C) leveraging the readiness for the involvement 
                of local research and education communities to secure a 
                talent pipeline in quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology to meet the workforce needs 
                of industry, government, and academia.
            ``(2) Collaborations.--A collaboration receiving an award 
        under this subsection may include institutions of higher 
        education, nonprofit organizations, and private sector 
        entities.
            ``(3) Eligible institution of higher education defined.--In 
        this subsection, the term `eligible institution of higher 
        education' means an institution of higher education, that, 
        according to the data published by the National Center for 
        Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on average, among 
        the top 100 institutions in Federal research and development 
        expenditures during the 3- year period prior to the year of the 
        award.
            ``(4) Requirements.--To receive an award under this 
        subsection, an eligible institution shall submit to the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation an application that 
        includes the following:
                    ``(A) A plan to sustain proposed activities beyond 
                the duration of the award.
                    ``(B) Proposed quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology disciplines and focus areas 
                the eligible institution is prepared to engage in to 
                significantly build up its quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology research and education 
                capacity.
                    ``(C) A plan for education and workforce 
                development, which may include K-12 and post-secondary 
                education programs and activities, workforce training 
                and career and technical education programs and 
                activities, undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral 
                education, and informal education programs and 
                activities.
            ``(5) Activities.--Awards under this subsection to support 
        research and related activities may include the activities 
        relating to the following:
                    ``(A) Development or expansion of research programs 
                in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 
                (4)(B).
                    ``(B) Faculty recruitment and professional 
                development in disciplines and focus areas specified in 
                paragraph (4)(B).
                    ``(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing post-
                baccalaureate students for graduate programs in quantum 
                information science, engineering, and technology.
                    ``(D) To build research capacity and infrastructure 
                at an eligible institution in disciplines and focus 
                areas specified in paragraph (4)(B).
                    ``(E) An assessment of capacity-building and 
                research infrastructure needs identified in paragraph 
                (4)(B).
                    ``(F) Administrative research development support.
                    ``(G) Other activities necessary to build research 
                capacity in quantum information science, engineering, 
                and technology.
            ``(6) Additional considerations.--In making awards under 
        this subsection, the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation may also consider the following:
                    ``(A) The extent to which the eligible applicant 
                will support students from diverse backgrounds, 
                including first-generation undergraduate students.
                    ``(B) The geographic and institutional diversity of 
                eligible applicants.
                    ``(C) How the eligible applicant can leverage 
                public-private partnerships and existing research 
                partnerships with Federal agencies.
            ``(7) Duplication.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are 
        complimentary to and not duplicative of existing programs.
    ``(g) Faculty Mid-career Development Awards.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may provide awards to support mid-career 
scientists and faculty to upgrade, develop, or acquire essential 
research instruments to start new research activities, or expand 
existing activities, focused on quantum information science, 
engineering and technology.
    ``(h) International Research on Quantum Information Science, 
Engineering, and Technology.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the 
        Secretary of Commerce, shall support international quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology research, as 
        appropriate, to enhance international cooperation and meet 
        United States commitments, including as part of the terms and 
        conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum information 
        science, engineering, and technology research agreements.
            ``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure 
        alignment with the national Quantum Information Strategy in 
        accordance with Executive Order 14073 or successor strategies.
            ``(3) Priority.--The Director shall prioritize research 
        programs with countries that have signed a Quantum Cooperation 
        Statement with the United States.
            ``(4) Restrictions.--
                    ``(A) Confucius institute.--None of the funds made 
                available under this section may be obligated or 
                expended to an institution of higher education that 
                maintains a contract or agreement between such 
                institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor 
                of a Confucius Institute.
                    ``(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity 
                of concern.--None of the funds made available under 
                this section may be obligated or expended to promote, 
                establish, or finance quantum research activities 
                between a United States entity and a foreign country of 
                concern or foreign entity of concern.
    ``(i) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research 
Resources.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities described 
        in this section, the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal 
        departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants to 
        institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit 
        organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research 
        facilities and improve access to research resources, such as 
        equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research and 
        development in quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology.
            ``(2) Purpose.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to 
        facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology research and development, including by carrying out 
        the following:
                    ``(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to 
                accelerate the development of quantum technologies, 
                including capabilities focused on addressing the 
                roadblocks to implementation, and meet the materials, 
                advanced materials development, high performance 
                computing, heterogeneous computing, networking, 
                software, data, clean room, and device needs of the 
                scientific community and the quantum supply chain.
                    ``(B) Enhancing access to equipment and 
                instrumentation, including at partnering institutions, 
                by facilitating information sharing, coordination, 
                scheduling, education, and training, including 
                activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning 
                experiences for students, including at community and 
                technical colleges.
                    ``(C) Enabling professional staff to support the 
                operation and improvement of research resources used 
                for quantum information science, engineering, and 
                technology.
            ``(3) Requirements.--An institution of higher education or 
        an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof) 
        and industry partners seeking funding under this subsection 
        shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation 
        an application at such time, in such manner, and containing 
        such information as the Director may require.
    ``(j) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the 
National Science Foundation pursuant to section 10303 of the Research 
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167) 
for research and related activities, there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director of the National Science Foundation to 
carry out this section up to $141,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 
through 2027.''.

SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

    Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8842) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``5'' and inserting 
        ``10'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``basic'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and 
                engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                technology''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and 
                engineering'' and inserting ``, engineering, and 
                technology, including leveraging or expanding 
                activities established pursuant to section 301(d)'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``quantum 
                science'' and inserting ``quantum information science, 
                engineering, and technology'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``health,'' 
                after ``chemistry,'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, including 
                how each participant will develop and implement 
                outreach activities to increase the participation of 
                women and other students from groups historically 
                underrepresented in STEM'' before the semicolon;
                    (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (E) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
                    ``(F) how the Center will participate in 
                international collaborations, as appropriate, to build 
                a trusted global research network with allies and 
                partners of the United States and other countries that 
                share values with the United States, including respect 
                for international norms of fair competition.'';
            (4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as 
        follows:
            ``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an 
        additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a 
        successful, merit-based review.''; and
            (5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2024 through 2028''.

SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW) 
              COORDINATION HUB.

    Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new sections:

``SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW) 
              COORDINATION HUB.

    ``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, 
in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of 
other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall 
make an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher education 
or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a Quantum 
Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordination Hub (in this section 
referred to as the `Hub').
    ``(b) Consortium.--The Hub established pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall include not fewer than four institutions of higher education, 
including not fewer than two community colleges, and may include career 
and technical schools, nonprofit organizations, and private sector 
entities.
    ``(c) Purpose.--The purpose of this Hub shall be to--
            ``(1) identify and address cross-cutting workforce 
        development challenges in quantum information science, 
        engineering, and technology, and the quantum industry, by 
        serving as a national and regional clearinghouse; and
            ``(2) facilitate the establishment of programs to 
        disseminate to institutions of higher education and career and 
        technical education entities model curricula, best practices, 
        and instructional materials.
    ``(d) Activities.--The activities of the Hub may include the 
following:
            ``(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, disseminating, and 
        standardizing materials, methods, best practices, and other 
        outputs developed through activities under this Act.
            ``(2) Increasing the integration of quantum information 
        science, engineering, and technology content into STEM 
        curricula at all education levels, including career and 
        technical education programs.
            ``(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree students to 
        provide feedback on quantum information science, engineering, 
        and technology curricula.
            ``(4) Facilitating post-education employment opportunities 
        and workforce pathways for STEM degree recipients in quantum-
        related industries, including by facilitating opportunities for 
        internships, externships, fellowships, and other such 
        activities as determined by the Director, including through the 
        establishment of a publicly accessible online portal.
            ``(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit 
        entities and small and medium-sized businesses and startups to 
        inform and enhance the quality and availability of quantum 
        education in STEM degree programs, including through the 
        promotion of post-graduation opportunities for STEM students 
        outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum 
        industries.
            ``(6) Supporting activities and programs to enhance the 
        recruitment of students from groups historically 
        underrepresented in STEM to pursue undergraduate and graduate 
        studies in quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology.
            ``(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and coordinating 
        career development programs and strategies for pre-university 
        and university educators for the purpose of increasing the 
        number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of 
        education, including by carrying out the following:
                    ``(A) Hosting career development workshops.
                    ``(B) Developing in-house and distance learning 
                career development tools for public use.
                    ``(C) Facilitating access to related quantum 
                technology, tools, and resources.
                    ``(D) Developing training, research, and 
                professional development programs, including innovative 
                pre-service and in-service programs.
                    ``(E) Facilitating relationships with State and 
                local entities to increase awareness of and promote 
                quantum-related career development activities at the 
                Hub.
            ``(8) Establishing a framework for performing ongoing 
        regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce 
        to report on trends, and perform other activities that expand 
        the understanding of the current and future needs of the 
        quantum industry, and education capacity or readiness of the 
        quantum workforce. Such activities shall complement or align 
        with, as relevant, authorized quantum and STEM workforce 
        studies under section 10661(d) of the Research and Development, 
        Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)).
            ``(9) Facilitating public education and outreach activities 
        to enhance the understanding and awareness of quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology to a boarder 
        community to satisfy broader impact requirements of award 
        applications.
            ``(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum education in the 
        broader STEM community.
    ``(e) QREW Quantum Fellowship Program.--Subject to the restrictions 
outlined in subsection (c) of section 301, the Hub may support 
education or policy fellowships for students at entities participating 
in the consortium under subsection (a) or at other research centers 
established pursuant to this Act at the National Science Foundation, 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of 
Energy, or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, for the 
purpose of supporting the activities described in subsection (d).
    ``(f) Industry Coordination.--The Hub shall collaborate with the 
Quantum Consortium established in section 201(b) or other industry 
consortia to identify, publish, facilitate, or enable quantum-related 
education and workforce development opportunities as described in 
subsections (c) and (d).
    ``(g) Application.--A consortium seeking funding under this section 
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an 
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Director may require. Each application shall include 
a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following:
            ``(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and fulfill the 
        purposes of the Hub.
            ``(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling the 
        purposes of the Hub.
            ``(3) Collaborate with other members of the consortium to 
        share expertise in integrating quantum information science, 
        engineering, and technology into existing STEM programs and 
        other relevant fields and disciplines.
            ``(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce 
        development in the quantum field.
            ``(5) Develop and implement outreach activities to increase 
        the participation of women and other students from groups 
        historically underrepresented in STEM.
    ``(h) Selection and Duration.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Hub established under this section 
        is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
            ``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an 
        additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a 
        successful, merit-based review.
            ``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the 
        National Science Foundation, the Director of the National 
        Science Foundation may terminate the Hub if it is 
        underperforming during the performance period.
    ``(i) Coordination.--The Hub shall coordinate with other research 
centers established under this Act at the National Science Foundation, 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of 
Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other 
relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and resources.
    ``(j) Funding.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall allocate up to $10,000,000 for the Hub for each of fiscal years 
2024 through 2028, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
Amounts made available to carry out this section shall be derived from 
amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the National 
Science Foundation.

``SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation, 
in coordination with the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of 
other Federal agencies, as determined appropriate by the Director of 
the National Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, or 
consortia thereof, to establish not more than five testbeds for quantum 
applications research and development.
    ``(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under subsection 
(a) shall focus on advancing research and development for near-term and 
medium-term quantum application use cases by providing accessible 
research resources to academia and industry for developing and testing 
such use cases, including through proof-of-concept testing, 
demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping.
    ``(c) Application Proposals.--An applicant for an award under this 
section shall submit to the Director a proposal at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Director may reasonably 
require. The proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following:
            ``(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce, 
        including from populations that are historically 
        underrepresented in STEM, with the skills needed to operate a 
        quantum testbed.
            ``(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a 
        quantum testbed, including for start-ups and small businesses.
            ``(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal 
        funding has ended.
    ``(d) Prioritization.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall prioritize the following:
            ``(1) Applicants that ensure not less than 25 percent of 
        the cost for a testbed awarded under this section is provided 
        by private or non-Federal entities, including in-kind 
        contributions.
            ``(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry 
        participation.
    ``(e) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall be responsible for the following:
            ``(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each 
        quantum testbed established under this section.
            ``(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable 
        opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately 
        taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of 
        such agencies.
            ``(3) Not later than one year after the date of the 
        enactment of this section and every two years thereafter until 
        December 31, 2030, briefing the appropriate committees of 
        Congress on the status of such quantum testbeds and providing 
        recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds.
    ``(f) Coordination.--In establishing quantum testbeds under this 
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure 
coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting 
Federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the National 
Science Foundation, including those authorized pursuant to section 
10390 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act 
(Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 10990), or by other Federal agencies as 
determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and 
maximize use of Federal resources.
    ``(g) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this section, the 
Director of the National Science Foundation shall collaborate with the 
Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish 
the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection 
(b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry 
stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National Laboratories, 
federally funded research and development centers, industry, and other 
members of the United States quantum ecosystem.
    ``(h) Geographic Diversity.--The Director shall ensure regional and 
geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section.
    ``(i) Funding.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall allocate up to $50,000,000 for the quantum testbeds under this 
section for each fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 
availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to carry out 
this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise 
made available to the National Science Foundation.

``SEC. 305. RESEARCH SECURITY.

    ``The activities authorized under title III shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851) 
is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out a 
research, development, and demonstration program on quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, engineering, 
                and technology'' after ``science'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) 
                as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following 
                new paragraphs:
            ``(3) operate National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers to accelerate and scale up scientific and technical 
        breakthroughs in quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology, and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for 
        quantum researchers and industry partners, in accordance with 
        section 402;
            ``(4) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other 
        research institutions to facilitate the development and 
        demonstration of quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology, including in the fields of--
                    ``(A) quantum information theory;
                    ``(B) quantum physics;
                    ``(C) quantum computational science, including 
                hardware and software, including artificial 
                intelligence, machine learning and data science;
                    ``(D) quantum data storage, including hardware and 
                software for energy efficient data centers;
                    ``(E) applied mathematics and algorithm 
                development;
                    ``(F) quantum communications and networking, 
                including hardware and software for quantum 
                communications and networking;
                    ``(G) quantum sensing and detection;
                    ``(H) materials science and engineering;
                    ``(I) quantum modeling and simulation, including 
                molecular modeling;
                    ``(J) near- and long-term application development 
                in a range of areas as determined by the Secretary, 
                such as materials discovery, advanced manufacturing, 
                cybersecurity, energy efficiency and energy 
                technologies, energy storage and electric grid 
                management;
                    ``(K) quantum chemistry;
                    ``(L) quantum biology;
                    ``(M) superconductive and high-performance 
                microelectronics; and
                    ``(N) quantum security technologies;'';
                    (D) by amending paragraph (5), as so redesignated, 
                to read as follows:
            ``(5) provide research experiences and training for 
        additional undergraduate and graduate students in quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology, including in 
        the fields specified in paragraph (4);'';
                    (E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated--
                            (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as 
                        subparagraph (J); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (E) 
                        the following new subparagraphs:
                    ``(F) the Office of Electricity;
                    ``(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, 
                and Emergency Response;
                    ``(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
                Management;
                    ``(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
                    (F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
                striking the period and inserting ``and other relevant 
                efforts as defined by the Secretary of Energy; and''; 
                and
                    (G) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and data, 
        including experience and resources from existing Federal 
        research activities and commercially-available quantum 
        computing hardware and software to the extent practicable.''; 
        and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Quantum High Performance Computing Strategic Plan.--Not later 
than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the 
Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10-
year strategic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expanding, 
commercializing, and procuring hybrid, high performance computing 
systems featuring the ability to integrate a diverse set of resources, 
including artificial intelligence and machine learning, accelerated by 
quantum supercomputers to enable the Department of Energy's computing 
facilities to continuously advance computing resources. Such strategic 
plan shall include the following:
            ``(1) A conceptual plan to leverage capabilities and 
        infrastructure from the exascale computing program, as the 
        Secretary of Energy determines necessary.
            ``(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the advanced 
        scientific computing workforce.
            ``(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum computing 
        modalities.
            ``(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of commercially 
        available quantum hardware and software to complement on-
        premises high performance computing systems and resources 
        consistent with the QUEST program under section 404.
            ``(5) Implement the plan developed under this section.
    ``(d) Industry Outreach.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy shall support the quantum 
technology industry and promote commercialization of applications of 
quantum technology relevant to the Department's activities by carrying 
out the following:
            ``(1) Educating--
                    ``(A) the energy industry on near term and 
                commercially available quantum technologies; and
                    ``(B) the quantum industry on potential energy 
                applications.
            ``(2) Accelerating the advancements of United States 
        quantum computing, communications, networking, sensing, and 
        security capabilities to protect and optimize the energy 
        sector.
            ``(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply chains, 
        manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or 
        modeling capabilities.
            ``(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum 
        technologies from National Laboratories and engaging with the 
        Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) and 
        other organizations, as applicable, to transition component 
        technologies to help facilitate, as appropriate, the 
        development of a quantum supply chain.
            ``(5) Where appropriate, promoting participation by small 
        and medium-sized businesses and startups.
    ``(e) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science pursuant to section 317 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under 
this section up to $130,000,000 for each fiscal years 2024 through 
2027.''.

SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM.

    Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 401 the following new 
section:

``SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY 
              PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish a 
quantum instrumentation and infrastructure foundry program to carry out 
the following:
            ``(1) Maintain United States leadership in quantum 
        information science, engineering, and technology.
            ``(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains.
            ``(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific 
        community.
            ``(4) Support activities carried out under sections 401, 
        403, and 404.
    ``(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall design, build, develop, 
purchase, and commercialize specialized equipment, laboratory 
infrastructure, and state-of-the-art instrumentation to advance quantum 
engineering research and the development of quantum component 
technologies at a scale sufficient to meet the needs of the scientific 
community and enable commercialization of quantum technology.
    ``(c) Quantum Foundries.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), and in coordination partnership with institutions of 
higher education and industry, the Secretary of Energy shall support 
the development of quantum foundries focused on meeting the device, 
hardware, software, and materials needs of the scientific community and 
the quantum supply chain.
    ``(d) Funding.--The Secretary of Energy shall allocate up to 
$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028 to carry out 
this section, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts 
made available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts 
appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Energy's 
Office of Science.''.

SEC. 18. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTERS.

    Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8852) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``basic'';
                            (ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
                        and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
                        technology, expand capacity for the domestic 
                        quantum workforce,''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``section 401'' and 
                        inserting ``sections 401, 403, and 404''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting ``that may 
                include one or more commercial entities'' after 
                ``collaborations'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, and should be 
        inclusive of the variety of viable quantum technologies, where 
        appropriate'' before the period;
            (3) in subsection (c),
                    (A) by striking ``basic''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology, 
                accelerating quantum workforce development,'' after 
                ``science'';
            (4) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                subparagraph (E); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following new subparagraph:
                    ``(D) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
            (5) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as 
        follows:
            ``(2) Renewal.--Each Center under this section may be 
        renewed for an additional period of 5 years following a 
        successful, merit-based review and approval by the Director.''; 
        and
            (6) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking ``$25,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``$35,000,000''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting 
                ``2024 through 2028''.

SEC. 19. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 
              AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8853) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, including'' after 
                        ``networking''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
                        semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraphs:
            ``(6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of modalities 
        and commercially-available quantum hardware and software; and
            ``(7) develop education and training pathways related to 
        quantum network infrastructure investments, aligned with 
        existing programmatic investments by the Department of 
        Energy.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and 
                        (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
                        the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
                and Space Administration;'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
                        ``ground-to-space and'' after ``channels,'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``photon-based'' and inserting ``all applicable 
                        modalities of'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ``, 
                        quantum sensors,'' after ``quantum repeaters'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (G)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``data centers,'' 
                                after ``repeaters,''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and'' after the 
                                semicolon;
                            (v) in subparagraph (H)--
                                    (I) by striking ``the quantum 
                                technology stack'' and inserting 
                                ``quantum technology modality stacks''; 
                                and
                                    (II) by striking ``National 
                                Laboratories in'' and inserting 
                                ``National Laboratories such as''; and
                            (vi) by adding at the end the following new 
                        subparagraph:
                    ``(I) development of quantum network and 
                entanglement distribution protocols or applications, 
                including development of network stack protocols and 
                protocols enabling integration with existing 
                technologies or infrastructure; and
                    ``(J) development of high efficiency room-
                temperature photon detectors for quantum photonic 
                applications, including quantum networking and 
                communications;'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``basic''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``material'' and inserting 
                        ``materials''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (5), by striking ``fundamental'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(6), by inserting ``, including small 
        and medium-sized businesses and startups'' before the 
        semicolon; and
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``basic research'' and 
        inserting ``research, development, and demonstration''.

SEC. 20. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND 
              TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

    Section 404 of the of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8854) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``and quantum computing clouds'' and inserting 
                ``, software, and cloud-based quantum computers'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraphs:
            ``(5) to enable development of software and applications, 
        including estimation of resources needed to scale applications; 
        and
            ``(6) to develop near-term quantum applications to solve 
        public and private sector problems.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by at the end the following new paragraphs:
            ``(6) enables users to develop algorithms, software tools, 
        simulators, and applications for quantum systems using cloud-
        based quantum computers; and
            ``(7) partner with appropriate public and private sector 
        entities to develop training and education opportunities on 
        prototype and early-state devices.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), 
                and (8) as paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9), 
                respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following 
                new paragraph:
            ``(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration;''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
                inserting ``, including small and medium-sized 
                businesses and startups'' before the semicolon; and
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(6) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.

SEC. 21. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE THE RESILIENCE, 
              SECURITY, AND EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID.

    (a) In General.--Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 405. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE THE RESILIENCE AND 
              SECURITY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall conduct research, development, and 
demonstration activities focused on the use of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, including through quantum 
applications and quantum computing, to enhance the resilience, 
security, and efficiency of the electric grid in the United States.
    ``(b) Research Areas.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Secretary may conduct research in the following areas:
            ``(1) Fault detection and prediction.
            ``(2) Grid security and safety, including through post-
        quantum cryptography.
            ``(3) Integrated grid planning.
            ``(4) Grid optimization.
            ``(5) Enhanced modeling.
            ``(6) Energy storage.
            ``(7) Energy market optimization.
            ``(8) Any other area in which, in the determination of the 
        Secretary, quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology can enhance the resilience, security, and efficiency 
        of the electric grid in the United States.
    ``(c) Cooperation.--To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
conduct research, development, and demonstration activities under 
subsection (a) in cooperation, including through partnerships, as the 
Secretary determines to be appropriate, with members of relevant 
industries, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
and other relevant institutions, including research institutions, as 
determined by the Secretary.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public Law 115-368; 132 Stat. 
5092; 136 Stat. 1441) is amended by inserting after the item relating 
to section 404 the following:

``Sec. 405. Quantum information science to enhance the resilience and 
                            security of the electric grid.
``Sec. 406. Research security.''.

SEC. 22. RESEARCH SECURITY.

    Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 406. RESEARCH SECURITY.

    ``The activities authorized under title IV shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 23. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
              ACTIVITIES.

    The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by adding at the end 
the following new title:

   ``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
                               ACTIVITIES

``SEC. 501. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 
              RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration is authorized to carry out research on quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
    ``(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration--
            ``(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the 
        Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies, as 
        practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
            ``(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or 
        memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative 
        arrangements.
    ``(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this title, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a strategy for National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology. 
The strategy shall identify resources required to support 
implementation of the strategy, including budgets, workforce, and 
infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other Federal 
Government agencies, and address areas of research and applications, 
including the following:
            ``(1) Quantum sensing.
            ``(2) Quantum networking.
            ``(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite 
        communications.
            ``(4) Quantum computing.
            ``(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related 
        applications.
            ``(6) Any other area on quantum information, science, 
        engineering, and technology the Administrator determines 
        necessary.
    ``(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described in 
subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from relevant external 
stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, industry, and 
nonprofit research organizations.

``SEC. 502. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
              INSTITUTE.

    ``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, 
the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and 
agencies, as appropriate, may carry out a program to establish an 
institute focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
    ``(b) Institute Details.--
            ``(1) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The institute 
        under this section shall be established through a competitive, 
        merit-reviewed process.
            ``(2) Applications.--An eligible applicant under this 
        section shall submit to the Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration an application at such 
        time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
        Administrator determines to be appropriate.
            ``(3) Eligible applicants.--When administering the process 
        described in paragraph (1), the Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration shall consider 
        applications from institutions of higher education, research 
        centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other 
        entity that the Administrator determines to be appropriate.
            ``(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an 
        award under this section may include multiple types of research 
        institutions, private sector entities, and nonprofit 
        organizations.
            ``(5) Coordination.--The Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration shall ensure an awardee 
        under this section coordinates the activities carried out under 
        this section with the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, and avoids unnecessary duplication of the 
        existing activities of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, other activities carried out under this Act, 
        and other related programs, as appropriate.
            ``(6) Commercial technology.--The institute under this 
        section may leverage commercially-available hardware and 
        software to carry out the activities described in subsection 
        (c).
    ``(c) Institute Activities.--The institute under this section may 
carry out activities that--
            ``(1) support research focused on developing space and 
        aeronautics applications for quantum information science, 
        engineering, and technology, including as related to the 
        results of the strategy under section 501(c); and
            ``(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and 
        technology education and public outreach.
    ``(d) Institute Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
the institute under this section shall serve the needs of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration for the benefit of the broader 
United States quantum information science community, to create and 
develop processes for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics 
applications in quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology, and improving the competitiveness of the United States.
    ``(e) Institute Selection and Duration.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, the institute under this section may carry out 
        activities for a period of 5 years.
            ``(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional, 
        subsequent period of 5 years following a successful, merit-
        based review.
            ``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
        Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration may terminate the institute for cause during the 
        performance period.

``SEC. 503. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration shall allocate up to $25,000,000 to carry out the 
activities authorized in sections 501 and 502 for each of fiscal years 
2024 through 2028, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
Amounts made available to carry out sections 501 and 502 shall be 
derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

``SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY.

    ``The activities authorized under title V shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 24. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY RESEARCH.

    Subsection (a)(1)(A) of section 4 of the Cyber Security Research 
and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting ``, 
including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 
3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 
1526 note; Public Law 117-260))'' before the semicolon.

SEC. 25. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.

    The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum 
Initiative Act is amended as follows:
            (1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the 
        following new item:

``Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.''.
            (2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the 
        following new items:

``Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum 
                            Centers.'';
            (3) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the 
        following new items:

``Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) 
                            Coordination Hub.
``Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.''.
            (4) By inserting after the item relating to section 401 the 
        following new item:

``Sec. 401A. Department of Energy Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry 
                            Program.''.
            (5) By adding at the end the following new items:

   ``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
                               ACTIVITIES

``Sec. 501. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology 
                            research for space and aeronautics.
``Sec. 502. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum 
                            institute.
``Sec. 503. Authorization of appropriations.
``Sec. 504. Research security.''.
                                                 Union Calendar No. 510

118th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                               H. R. 6213

                          [Report No. 118-612]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

   To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other 
                               purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                             July 25, 2024

  Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
       House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed