[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 432 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






118th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 432

         To lower consumer fuel prices, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            January 20, 2023

 Mr. Pallone (for himself, Ms. Kuster, Mr. Trone, Ms. Spanberger, Ms. 
Craig, and Mr. Crow) introduced the following bill; which was referred 
    to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the 
     Committee on Oversight and Accountability, for a period to be 
subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 
  of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
                               concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
         To lower consumer fuel prices, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Buy Low and Sell 
High Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
                      TITLE I--PETROLEUM RESERVES

Sec. 101. Economic Petroleum Reserve.
Sec. 102. Establishing Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserves.
Sec. 103. Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve.
Sec. 104. SPR Petroleum Account.
Sec. 105. Prohibition on certain exports.
Sec. 106. Strategic Petroleum Reserve reforms.
Sec. 107. Strategic Petroleum Reserve drawdown and sale.
Sec. 108. DOE study and plan for delivery of fuel during pipeline 
                            disruptions.
                         TITLE II--FUEL DEMAND

Sec. 201. State energy transportation plans.
Sec. 202. Transportation electrification.
Sec. 203. Federal fleets.
                         TITLE III--FUEL SUPPLY

Sec. 301. Assistance for Western Hemisphere refineries.

                      TITLE I--PETROLEUM RESERVES

SEC. 101. ECONOMIC PETROLEUM RESERVE.

    (a) Establishment.--Section 154 of the Energy Policy and 
Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6234) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(g) Economic Petroleum Reserve.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--In carrying out subsection (b), the 
        Secretary shall establish and maintain within the Strategic 
        Petroleum Reserve an Economic Petroleum Reserve of up to 
        350,000,000 barrels of crude oil.
            ``(2) Source.--The Economic Petroleum Reserve shall consist 
        of--
                    ``(A) 90,000,000 barrels of crude oil that are 
                stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve on the date 
                of enactment of this subsection, less any amounts drawn 
                down and sold under section 161(k) after such date; and
                    ``(B) any crude oil purchased under section 
                160(i).''.
    (b) Purchases.--Section 160 of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6240) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Purchase of Crude Oil for Economic Petroleum Reserve.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of section 154(g), the 
        Secretary may acquire crude oil under this section only by 
        purchase from domestic producers for a contract price of not 
        more than $60 per barrel, in accordance with this subsection.
            ``(2) Immediate delivery.--The Secretary may enter into a 
        contract under paragraph (1) at any time for immediate delivery 
        of crude oil.
            ``(3) Future delivery.--
                    ``(A) Authorized period.--During the period that 
                begins on the date of enactment of this subsection and 
                ends on December 31, 2024, the Secretary may enter into 
                a contract under paragraph (1) for delivery of crude 
                oil to occur during the period that begins on January 
                1, 2025, and ends on December 31, 2027.
                    ``(B) Priority.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), 
                to the extent there are multiple offers for contracts 
                on equivalent terms, the Secretary shall give priority 
                to contracts for crude oil produced by wells, including 
                drilled but uncompleted wells, that are minimizing 
                greenhouse gas emissions from activities at such wells, 
                as determined by the Secretary in consultation with the 
                Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
            ``(4) Funding.--The Secretary may enter into a contract 
        under paragraph (1) using amounts deposited in the SPR 
        Petroleum Account under section 167(c)--
                    ``(A) that are attributable to covered receipts 
                described in section 167(e)(3)(A); or
                    ``(B) that were appropriated for such purpose 
                pursuant to section 166.
            ``(5) Applicability of certain considerations.--The 
        objectives described in subsections (b)(4), (c)(2), and (c)(5) 
        shall not apply to the acquisition of crude oil pursuant to a 
        contract under paragraph (1).''.
    (c) Drawdown and Sale.--Section 161 of the Energy Policy and 
Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6241) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(k) Drawdown and Sale From Economic Petroleum Reserve.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1), the 
        Secretary may draw down and sell crude oil from amounts in the 
        Economic Petroleum Reserve established under section 154(g) at 
        any time the front-month futures price of West Texas 
        Intermediate crude oil has remained greater than $90 per barrel 
        for at least one week.
            ``(2) Appropriations.--
                    ``(A) State energy transportation plans.--
                Notwithstanding section 167, there is appropriated to 
                the Secretary of Energy to carry out section 367 an 
                amount equal to $9 for each barrel of crude oil sold 
                under this subsection.
                    ``(B) Plug-in electric drive vehicle program.--
                Notwithstanding section 167, there is appropriated to 
                the Secretary of Energy to carry out section 131(b) of 
                the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
                U.S.C. 17011) an amount equal to $2 for each barrel of 
                crude oil sold under this subsection.
                    ``(C) Large-scale transportation sector 
                electrification program.--Notwithstanding section 167, 
                there is appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to 
                carry out section 131(c) of the Energy Independence and 
                Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17011) an amount equal 
                to $3 for each barrel of crude oil sold under this 
                subsection.
                    ``(D) Assistance for western hemisphere 
                refineries.--Notwithstanding section 167, there is 
                appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out 
                section 301 of the Buy Low and Sell High Act an amount 
                equal to $1 for each barrel of crude oil sold under 
                this subsection.''.

SEC. 102. ESTABLISHING STRATEGIC REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCT RESERVES.

    (a) Establishment.--Title I of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6234) is amended by adding at the end the following:

         ``PART E--STRATEGIC REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCT RESERVES

``SEC. 191. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this part:
            ``(1) District.--The term `district' means, as designated 
        by the Administrator of the Energy Information Administration--
                    ``(A) a Petroleum Administration for Defense 
                District; or
                    ``(B) a subdistrict of a Petroleum Administration 
                for Defense District.
            ``(2) Network.--The term `network' means the network of 
        Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserves established under 
        this part.
            ``(3) Reserve.--The term `Reserve' means a Strategic 
        Refined Petroleum Product Reserve established under this part.

``SEC. 192. ESTABLISHMENT.

    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, 
the Secretary shall establish, maintain, and operate a national network 
of Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserves.
    ``(b) Locations.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall establish, maintain, and operate at least one Reserve in each 
district.
    ``(c) Capacity.--Each Reserve shall have the capacity to contain at 
least 4,000,000 barrels of gasoline and 2,000,000 barrels of diesel 
fuel, and the network shall have the capacity to contain up to 
250,000,000 barrels of gasoline and diesel fuel.
    ``(d) Relationship to SPR and Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve.--
A Reserve established under this part is not a component of the 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve established under part B of this title or 
the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve established under part D of this 
title.

``SEC. 193. AUTHORITY.

    ``To the extent necessary or appropriate to carry out this part, 
the Secretary may--
            ``(1) purchase, contract for, lease, or otherwise acquire, 
        in whole or in part, storage and related facilities, and 
        storage services;
            ``(2) use, lease, maintain, sell, or otherwise dispose of 
        storage and related facilities acquired under this part;
            ``(3) acquire by purchase, exchange (including exchange of 
        petroleum products from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve or 
        received as royalty from Federal lands), lease, or otherwise, 
        gasoline or diesel fuel for storage in a Reserve;
            ``(4) store gasoline or diesel fuel in facilities not owned 
        by the United States; and
            ``(5) sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of gasoline or 
        diesel fuel from a Reserve established under this part, 
        including to maintain the quality or quantity of the gasoline 
        or diesel fuel in a Reserve or to maintain the operational 
        capability of a Reserve.

``SEC. 194. CONDITIONS FOR RELEASE.

    ``(a) Gasoline Release.--The Secretary may sell gasoline from a 
Reserve only upon a finding by the President that there is a severe 
gasoline supply interruption within the district in which the Reserve 
is located. Such a finding may be made only if the President determines 
that--
            ``(1) a dislocation in the gasoline market has resulted 
        from such interruption; or
            ``(2) a circumstance, other than that described in 
        paragraph (1), exists that constitutes a regional gasoline 
        supply shortage of significant scope and duration and that 
        action taken under this section would assist directly and 
        significantly in reducing the adverse impact of such shortage.
    ``(b) Diesel Release.--The Secretary may sell diesel fuel from a 
Reserve only upon a finding by the President that there is a severe 
diesel fuel supply interruption within the district in which the 
Reserve is located. Such a finding may be made only if the President 
determines that--
            ``(1) a dislocation in the diesel fuel market has resulted 
        from such interruption; or
            ``(2) a circumstance, other than that described in 
        paragraph (1), exists that constitutes a regional diesel fuel 
        supply shortage of significant scope and duration and that 
        action taken under this section would assist directly and 
        significantly in reducing the adverse impact of such shortage.
    ``(c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) the term `covered entity' means--
                    ``(A) the People's Republic of China;
                    ``(B) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
                    ``(C) the Russian Federation;
                    ``(D) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
                    ``(E) any other country the government of which is 
                subject to sanctions imposed by the United States; and
                    ``(F) any entity owned, controlled, or influenced 
                by--
                            ``(i) a country referred to in any of 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (F); or
                            ``(ii) the Chinese Communist Party;
            ``(2) a `dislocation in the gasoline market' shall be 
        deemed to occur only when--
                    ``(A) the price differential between crude oil and 
                finished gasoline, as reflected in an industry daily 
                publication, increases by more than 50 percent over its 
                10-year rolling average, and continues for 7 
                consecutive days; and
                    ``(B) the price differential continues to increase 
                during the most recent week for which price information 
                is available; and
            ``(3) a `dislocation in the diesel fuel market' shall be 
        deemed to occur only when--
                    ``(A) the price differential between crude oil and 
                diesel fuel, as reflected in an industry daily 
                publication, increases by more than 50 percent over its 
                10-year rolling average, and continues for 7 
                consecutive days; and
                    ``(B) the price differential continues to increase 
                during the most recent week for which price information 
                is available.
    ``(d) Continuing Evaluation.--The Secretary shall conduct a 
continuing evaluation of the price data supplied by the Energy 
Information Administration and data on gasoline and diesel fuel prices 
from published sources.
    ``(e) Release of Petroleum Products.--After consultation with the 
gasoline, diesel fuel, and crude oil refining industries, the Secretary 
shall determine procedures governing the release of gasoline and diesel 
fuel from a Reserve. The procedures shall provide that--
            ``(1) the Secretary may--
                    ``(A) sell gasoline or diesel fuel from a Reserve 
                through a competitive process; or
                    ``(B) enter into exchange agreements for gasoline 
                or diesel fuel that results in the Secretary receiving 
                a greater volume of gasoline or diesel fuel as 
                repayment than the volume provided to the acquirer;
            ``(2) in all such sales or exchanges, the Secretary shall 
        receive revenue or its equivalent in gasoline or diesel fuel 
        that provides the Department with fair market value;
            ``(3) the Secretary shall only sell or dispose of the 
        gasoline or diesel fuel in the Reserve to entities customarily 
        engaged in the sale and distribution of gasoline or diesel 
        fuel; and
            ``(4) the Secretary shall prohibit the sale or export of 
        gasoline or diesel fuel released under this section to a 
        covered entity, except that the Secretary may issue a waiver of 
        such prohibition if the Secretary certifies that any export or 
        sale authorized pursuant to the waiver is in the national 
        security interests of the United States.
    ``(f) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall transmit to the 
President and, if the President approves, to the Congress a plan 
describing--
            ``(1) the acquisition of storage and related facilities or 
        storage services for the network, including the potential use 
        of storage facilities not currently in use;
            ``(2) the acquisition of gasoline and diesel fuel for 
        storage in the network;
            ``(3) the anticipated methods of disposition of gasoline 
        and diesel fuel from the network;
            ``(4) the estimated costs of establishment, maintenance, 
        and operation of the network;
            ``(5) efforts the Department will take to minimize any 
        potential need for future drawdowns and ensure that 
        distributors and importers are not discouraged from maintaining 
        and increasing supplies to the United States; and
            ``(6) actions to ensure quality of the gasoline and diesel 
        fuel in the network.

``SEC. 195. PROCEEDS FROM SALES.

    ``The Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit in the SPR Petroleum 
Account established in the Treasury under section 167 any receipts from 
the sale, exchange, or other disposition of gasoline or diesel fuel 
from the network.

``SEC. 196. RESTRICTIONS.

    ``(a) Source.--No gasoline or diesel fuel produced at a refinery 
located outside of the United States may be stored in a Reserve.
    ``(b) Timing.--The Secretary may not purchase gasoline or diesel 
fuel under this part until 2026.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Authorization of appropriations.--Section 166 of the 
        Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6246) is amended 
        by striking ``and part D'' and inserting ``, part D, and part 
        E''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for the 
        Energy Policy and Conservation Act is amended in the matter 
        relating to title I by striking the items relating to the 
        second part D (relating to Expiration) and the second section 
        181 and inserting the following:

         ``Part E--Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserves

``Sec. 191. Definitions.
``Sec. 192. Establishment.
``Sec. 193. Authority.
``Sec. 194. Conditions for release.
``Sec. 195. Proceeds from sales.
``Sec. 196. Restrictions.''.

SEC. 103. NORTHEAST HOME HEATING OIL RESERVE.

    (a) Strengthening the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve.--Section 
181(a) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6250) is 
amended by striking ``2 million'' and inserting ``4 million''.
    (b) Conditions for Release.--Section 183 of the Energy Policy and 
Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6250b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Definition'' and inserting ``Definitions'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively (and adjusting 
                the margins accordingly); and
                    (C) by striking ``For purposes of this section a 
                `dislocation in the heating oil market''' and inserting 
                the following: ``For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) the term `covered entity' means--
                    ``(A) the People's Republic of China;
                    ``(B) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
                    ``(C) the Russian Federation;
                    ``(D) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
                    ``(E) any other country the government of which is 
                subject to sanctions imposed by the United States; and
                    ``(F) any entity owned, controlled, or influenced 
                by--
                            ``(i) a country referred to in any of 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (F); or
                            ``(ii) the Chinese Communist Party; and
            ``(2) a `dislocation in the heating oil market'''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) the Secretary shall prohibit the sale or export of 
        petroleum distillate released under this section to a covered 
        entity, except that the Secretary may issue a waiver of such 
        prohibition if the Secretary certifies that any export or sale 
        authorized pursuant to the waiver is in the national security 
        interests of the United States.''.
    (c) Proceeds From Sales.--
            (1) In general.--Section 184 of the Energy Policy and 
        Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6250c) is amended to read as 
        follows:

``SEC. 184. PROCEEDS FROM SALES.

    ``The Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit in the SPR Petroleum 
Account established in the Treasury under section 167 any receipts from 
the sale, exchange, or other disposition of petroleum distillate from 
the Reserve.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for the 
        Energy Policy and Conservation Act is amended by striking the 
        item relating to section 184 and inserting the following:

``184. Proceeds from sales.''.
    (d) Elimination of Limitation.--Title III of the Energy and Water 
Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012 (division B 
of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012 (Public Law 112-74; 125 
Stat. 869)), is amended, under the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve 
account, by striking ``: Provided further, That notwithstanding section 
181 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6250), for 
fiscal year 2012 and hereafter, the Reserve shall contain no more than 
1 million barrels of petroleum distillate''.

SEC. 104. SPR PETROLEUM ACCOUNT.

    (a) In General.--Section 167 of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6247) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``the acquisition, transportation, 
                and injection of petroleum products into the Strategic 
                Petroleum Reserve, for test sales of petroleum products 
                from the Reserve, and for the drawdown, sale, and 
                delivery of petroleum products from the Reserve'' and 
                inserting ``covered activities''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``the receipts to 
                the United States from the sale of petroleum products 
                in any drawdown and distribution of the Strategic 
                Petroleum Reserve under section 161, including a 
                drawdown and distribution carried out under subsection 
                (g) of such section, or from the sale of petroleum 
                products under section 160(f)'' and inserting ``covered 
                receipts'';
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``the sale of petroleum 
        products in any drawdown and distribution of the Strategic 
        Petroleum Reserve under section 161, including a drawdown and 
        distribution carried out under subsection (g) of such section, 
        and from the sale of petroleum products under section 160(f)'' 
        and inserting ``covered sales''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered activity.--The term `covered activity' 
        means--
                    ``(A) the acquisition, transportation, and 
                injection of petroleum products into the Strategic 
                Petroleum Reserve;
                    ``(B) the sale of petroleum products in any 
                drawdown and distribution of the Strategic Petroleum 
                Reserve under section 161, including a drawdown and 
                distribution carried out under subsection (g) of such 
                section;
                    ``(C) the sale of petroleum products under section 
                160(f);
                    ``(D) an activity under part D; and
                    ``(E) an activity under part E.
            ``(2) Covered sale.--The term `covered sale' means--
                    ``(A) the sale of petroleum products in any 
                drawdown and distribution of the Strategic Petroleum 
                Reserve under section 161, including a drawdown and 
                distribution carried out under subsection (g) of such 
                section;
                    ``(B) the sale of petroleum products under section 
                160(f);
                    ``(C) the sale, exchange, or other disposition of 
                petroleum distillate from the Northeast Home Heating 
                Oil Reserve; and
                    ``(D) the sale, exchange, or other disposition of 
                gasoline or diesel fuel from a Strategic Refined 
                Petroleum Product Reserve.
            ``(3) Covered receipts.--The term `covered receipts' 
        means--
                    ``(A) receipts to the United States from the sale 
                of petroleum products in any drawdown and distribution 
                of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under section 161 
                (including a drawdown and distribution carried out 
                under subsection (g) of such section), less amounts 
                equal to any amounts appropriated by subsection (k)(2) 
                of such section;
                    ``(B) receipts to the United States from the sale 
                of petroleum products under section 160(f);
                    ``(C) receipts to the United States from the sale, 
                exchange, or other disposition of petroleum distillate 
                from the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve; and
                    ``(D) receipts to the United States from the sale, 
                exchange, or other disposition of gasoline or diesel 
                fuel from a Strategic Refined Petroleum Product 
                Reserve.''.
    (b) Transfer of Funds.--The assets and liabilities of the Northeast 
Home Heating Oil Reserve Account established in the Treasury under 
section 184 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 
6250c), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this 
Act, are hereby transferred to the SPR Petroleum Account established in 
the Treasury under section 167 of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6247), and such Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve 
Account is hereby abolished.

SEC. 105. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN EXPORTS.

    (a) In General.--The Energy Policy and Conservation Act is amended 
by inserting after section 163 (42 U.S.C. 6243) the following:

``SEC. 164. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN EXPORTS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall prohibit the export or sale 
of petroleum products drawn down from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 
under any provision of law, to--
            ``(1) the People's Republic of China;
            ``(2) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
            ``(3) the Russian Federation;
            ``(4) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
            ``(5) any other country the government of which is subject 
        to sanctions imposed by the United States; and
            ``(6) any entity owned, controlled, or influenced by--
                    ``(A) a country referred to in any of paragraphs 
                (1) through (5); or
                    ``(B) the Chinese Communist Party.
    ``(b) Waiver.--The Secretary may issue a waiver of the prohibition 
described in subsection (a) if the Secretary certifies that any export 
or sale authorized pursuant to the waiver is in the national security 
interests of the United States.
    ``(c) Rule.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of 
the Buy Low and Sell High Act, the Secretary shall issue a rule to 
carry out this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Drawdown and sale of petroleum products.--Section 
        161(a) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 
        6241(a)) is amended by inserting ``and section 164'' before the 
        period at the end.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents for the 
        Energy Policy and Conservation Act is amended by inserting 
        after the item relating to section 163 the following:

``Sec. 164. Prohibition on certain exports.''.

SEC. 106. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE REFORMS.

    (a) Use of Underutilized Strategic Petroleum Reserve Facilities.--
Section 168 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6247a) 
is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 168. USE OF UNDERUTILIZED FACILITIES.

    ``(a) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
title, the Secretary may establish and carry out a program to lease 
underutilized Strategic Petroleum Reserve storage facilities and 
related facilities to the private sector, or a foreign government or 
its representative. Petroleum products stored under this section are 
not part of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
    ``(b) Protection of Facilities.--Any lease entered into under the 
program established under subsection (a) shall contain provisions 
providing for fees to fully compensate the United States for all 
related costs of storage and removals of petroleum products (including 
the proportionate cost of replacement facilities necessitated as a 
result of any withdrawals) incurred by the United States as a result of 
such lease.
    ``(c) Access by the United States.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
leasing of facilities under the program established under subsection 
(a) does not impair the ability of the United States to withdraw, 
distribute, or sell petroleum products from the Strategic Petroleum 
Reserve in response to an energy emergency or to the obligations of the 
United States under the Agreement on an International Energy Program.
    ``(d) National Security.--The Secretary shall ensure that leasing 
of facilities under the program established under subsection (a) to a 
foreign government or its representative will not impair national 
security.
    ``(e) Deposits of Amounts Received.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        amounts received through the leasing of facilities under the 
        program established under subsection (a) shall be deposited in 
        the SPR Petroleum Account established in the Treasury under 
        section 167 during the fiscal year in which such amounts are 
        received.
            ``(2) Costs.--The Secretary may use for costs described in 
        subsection (b) (other than costs described in subsection (f)), 
        without further appropriation, amounts received through the 
        leasing of facilities under the program established under 
        subsection (a).
    ``(f) Preparation of Facilities.--The Secretary shall only use 
amounts available in the Energy Security and Infrastructure 
Modernization Fund established by section 404 of the Bipartisan Budget 
Act of 2015 for costs described in subsection (b) of this section that 
relate to addition of facilities or changes to facilities or facility 
operations necessary to lease such facilities, including costs related 
to acquisition of land, acquisition of ancillary facilities and 
equipment, and site development, and other necessary costs related to 
capital improvement.''.
    (b) Pilot Program To Lease Strategic Petroleum Reserves.--
            (1) In general.--Part B of title I of the Energy Policy and 
        Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6231 et seq.) is amended by adding 
        at the end the following:

``SEC. 170. PILOT PROGRAM TO LEASE STORAGE AND RELATED FACILITIES.

    ``(a) Establishment.--In carrying out section 168 and not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the 
Secretary shall establish and carry out a pilot program to make 
available for lease--
            ``(1) capacity for storage of up to 200,000,000 barrels of 
        petroleum products at Strategic Petroleum Reserve storage 
        facilities; and
            ``(2) related facilities.
    ``(b) Contents.--In carrying out the pilot program established 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) identify appropriate Strategic Petroleum Reserve 
        storage facilities and related facilities to lease, in order to 
        make maximum use of such facilities;
            ``(2) identify and implement any changes to facilities or 
        facility operations necessary to so lease such facilities, 
        including any such changes necessary to ensure the long-term 
        structural viability and use of the facilities for purposes of 
        this part and part C;
            ``(3) make such facilities available for lease; and
            ``(4) identify environmental effects, including benefits, 
        of leasing storage facilities and related facilities.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
status of the pilot program established under subsection (a).''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for the 
        Energy Policy and Conservation Act is amended by adding after 
        the item relating to section 169 the following:

``Sec. 170. Pilot program to lease storage and related facilities.''.

SEC. 107. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE DRAWDOWN AND SALE.

    (a) Reconciliation on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018.--Section 
20003(a) of Public Law 115-97 (131 Stat. 2237) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``during the period of 
        fiscal years 2026 through 2027'' and inserting ``by the end of 
        fiscal year 2027''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Timing.--In determining the timing of each drawdown 
        and sale from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under this 
        section, to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
        maximize the financial return to the United States 
        taxpayers.''.
    (b) America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018.--Section 3009(a) of 
America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-270; 132 
Stat. 3870) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``during'' and inserting 
        ``by the end of''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Timing.--In determining the timing of each drawdown 
        and sale from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under this 
        section, to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
        maximize the financial return to the United States 
        taxpayers.''.
    (c) Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.--Section 90002(a) of 
the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58; 135 
Stat. 1342) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``during the period of 
        fiscal years 2028 through 2031'' and inserting ``by the end of 
        fiscal year 2032''; and
            (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Timing.--In determining the timing of each drawdown 
        and sale from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under this 
        section, to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
        maximize the financial return to the United States 
        taxpayers.''.

SEC. 108. DOE STUDY AND PLAN FOR DELIVERY OF FUEL DURING PIPELINE 
              DISRUPTIONS.

    Not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Energy shall--
            (1) conduct a study on how the Department of Energy could 
        deliver products sold from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, a 
        Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserve, or the Northeast 
        Home Heating Oil Reserve in the event of an attack or 
        disruption that renders pipelines to deliver such products 
        unusable; and
            (2) submit to Congress a plan, based on the results of such 
        study, to carry out such delivery.

                         TITLE II--FUEL DEMAND

SEC. 201. STATE ENERGY TRANSPORTATION PLANS.

    (a) State Energy Transportation Plans.--
            (1) In general.--Part D of title III of the Energy Policy 
        and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6321 et seq.) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 367. STATE ENERGY TRANSPORTATION PLANS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary may provide financial assistance 
to a State to develop a State energy transportation plan, for inclusion 
in a State energy conservation plan under section 362(d), to promote 
the electrification of the transportation system, reduced consumption 
of fossil fuels, and improved air quality.
    ``(b) Development.--A State developing a State energy 
transportation plan under this section shall carry out this activity 
through the State energy office that is responsible for developing the 
State energy conservation plan under section 362.
    ``(c) Contents.--A State developing a State energy transportation 
plan under this section shall include in such plan a plan to--
            ``(1) deploy a network of electric vehicle supply equipment 
        to ensure access to electricity for electric vehicles, 
        including commercial vehicles, to an extent that such electric 
        vehicles can travel throughout the State without running out of 
        a charge;
            ``(2) promote modernization of the electric grid, including 
        through the use of renewable energy sources to power the 
        electric grid, to accommodate demand for power to operate 
        electric vehicle supply equipment and to utilize energy storage 
        capacity provided by electric vehicles, including commercial 
        vehicles; and
            ``(3) implement other measures to reduce the consumption of 
        petroleum-based fuels.
    ``(d) Coordination.--In developing a State energy transportation 
plan under this section, a State shall coordinate, as appropriate, 
with--
            ``(1) State regulatory authorities (as defined in section 3 
        of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (16 
        U.S.C. 2602));
            ``(2) electric utilities;
            ``(3) regional transmission organizations or independent 
        system operators;
            ``(4) private entities that provide electric vehicle 
        charging services;
            ``(5) State transportation agencies, metropolitan planning 
        organizations, and local governments;
            ``(6) electric vehicle manufacturers;
            ``(7) public and private entities that manage vehicle 
        fleets; and
            ``(8) public and private entities that manage ports, 
        airports, or other transportation hubs.
    ``(e) Technical Assistance.--Upon request of the Governor of a 
State, the Secretary shall provide information and technical assistance 
in the development, implementation, or revision of a State energy 
transportation plan.
    ``(f) Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Defined.--For purposes of 
this section, the term `electric vehicle supply equipment' means 
conductors, including ungrounded, grounded, and equipment grounding 
conductors, electric vehicle connectors, attachment plugs, and all 
other fittings, devices, power outlets, or apparatuses installed 
specifically for the purpose of delivering energy to an electric 
vehicle.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for part D 
        of title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:

``Sec. 367. State energy transportation plans.''.
    (b) State Energy Conservation Plans.--Section 362(d) of the Energy 
Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6322(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (17), by striking ``; and'' and inserting 
        a semicolon;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (18) as paragraph (19); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (17) the following:
            ``(18) a State energy transportation plan developed in 
        accordance with section 367; and''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 365(f) of the Energy 
Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6325(f)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(3) State energy transportation plans.--In addition to 
        the amounts authorized under paragraph (1), for the purpose of 
        carrying out section 367, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated such sums as may be necessary.''.

SEC. 202. TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION.

    Section 131 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17011) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(6)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, including 
                ground support equipment at ports'' before the 
                semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (E), by inserting ``and 
                vehicles'' before the semicolon;
                    (C) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) in subparagraph (I)--
                            (i) by striking ``battery chargers,''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) installation of electric vehicle supply 
                equipment for recharging plug-in electric drive 
                vehicles, including such equipment that is accessible 
                in rural and urban areas and in underserved or 
                disadvantaged communities and such equipment for 
                medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, including at depots 
                and in-route locations;
                    ``(K) multi-use charging hubs used for multiple 
                forms of transportation;
                    ``(L) medium- and heavy-duty vehicle smart charging 
                management and refueling;
                    ``(M) battery recycling and secondary use, 
                including for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; and
                    ``(N) sharing of best practices, and technical 
                assistance provided by the Department to public 
                utilities commissions and utilities, for medium- and 
                heavy-duty vehicle electrification.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), by inserting ``, 
                components for such vehicles, and charging equipment 
                for such vehicles'' after ``vehicles''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ``$90,000,000 for 
                each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012'' and inserting 
                ``such sums as may be necessary'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the header, by striking ``Near-Term'' and 
                inserting ``Large-Scale''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``$95,000,000 for 
                each of fiscal years 2008 through 2013'' and inserting 
                ``such sums as may be necessary''; and
            (4) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e) and 
        inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Priority.--In providing grants under subsections (b) and (c), 
the Secretary shall give priority consideration to applications that 
contain a written assurance that all laborers and mechanics employed by 
contractors or subcontractors during construction, alteration, or 
repair that is financed, in whole or in part, by a grant provided under 
this section shall be paid wages at rates not less than those 
prevailing on similar construction in the locality, as determined by 
the Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141 through 3144, 
3146, and 3147 of title 40, United States Code (and the Secretary of 
Labor shall, with respect to the labor standards described in this 
clause, have the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization 
Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (5 U.S.C. App.) and section 3145 of title 40, 
United States Code).''.

SEC. 203. FEDERAL FLEETS.

    (a) Minimum Federal Fleet Requirement.--Section 303 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13212) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3) The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of 
General Services, shall ensure that in acquiring medium- and heavy-duty 
vehicles for a Federal fleet, a Federal entity shall acquire zero-
emission vehicles to the maximum extent feasible.'';
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Percentage Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Light-duty vehicles.--Beginning in fiscal 
                year 2026, 100 percent of the total number of light-
                duty vehicles acquired by a Federal entity for a 
                Federal fleet shall be alternative fueled vehicles, of 
                which--
                            ``(i) at least 50 percent shall be zero-
                        emission vehicles or plug-in hybrids in fiscal 
                        years 2026 through 2034;
                            ``(ii) at least 75 percent shall be zero-
                        emission vehicles or plug-in hybrids in fiscal 
                        years 2035 through 2049; and
                            ``(iii) 100 percent shall be zero-emission 
                        vehicles in fiscal year 2050 and thereafter.
                    ``(B) Medium- and heavy-duty vehicles.--The 
                following percentages of the total number of medium- 
                and heavy-duty vehicles acquired by a Federal entity 
                for a Federal fleet shall be alternative fueled 
                vehicles:
                            ``(i) At least 20 percent in fiscal years 
                        2026 through 2029.
                            ``(ii) At least 30 percent in fiscal years 
                        2030 through 2039.
                            ``(iii) At least 40 percent in fiscal years 
                        2040 through 2049.
                            ``(iv) At least 50 percent in fiscal year 
                        2050 and thereafter.
            ``(2) Exception.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Administrator of General Services where appropriate, may permit 
        a Federal entity to acquire for a Federal fleet a smaller 
        percentage than is required in paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, 
        so long as the aggregate percentage acquired for each class of 
        vehicle for all Federal fleets in the fiscal year is at least 
        equal to the required percentage.
            ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Federal fleet.--The term `Federal fleet' 
                means a fleet of vehicles that are centrally fueled or 
                capable of being centrally fueled and are owned, 
                operated, leased, or otherwise controlled by or 
                assigned to any Federal executive department, military 
                department, Government corporation, independent 
                establishment, or executive agency, the United States 
                Postal Service, the Congress, the courts of the United 
                States, or the Executive Office of the President. Such 
                term does not include--
                            ``(i) motor vehicles held for lease or 
                        rental to the general public;
                            ``(ii) motor vehicles used for motor 
                        vehicle manufacturer product evaluations or 
                        tests;
                            ``(iii) law enforcement vehicles;
                            ``(iv) emergency vehicles; or
                            ``(v) motor vehicles acquired and used for 
                        military purposes that the Secretary of Defense 
                        has certified to the Secretary must be exempt 
                        for national security reasons.
                    ``(B) Fleet.--The term `fleet' means--
                            ``(i) 20 or more light-duty vehicles, 
                        located in a metropolitan statistical area or 
                        consolidated metropolitan statistical area, as 
                        established by the Bureau of the Census, with a 
                        1980 population of more than 250,000; or
                            ``(ii) 10 or more medium- or heavy-duty 
                        vehicles, located at a Federal facility or 
                        located in a metropolitan statistical area or 
                        consolidated metropolitan statistical area, as 
                        established by the Bureau of the Census, with a 
                        1980 population of more than 250,000.''; and
            (3) in subsection (f)(2)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``, either''; and
                    (B) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' and inserting 
                ``and''.
    (b) Federal Fleet Conservation Requirements.--Section 400FF(a) of 
the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6374e) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``18 months after the date of 
                enactment of this section'' and inserting ``12 months 
                after the date of enactment of the Buy Low and Sell 
                High Act'';
                    (B) by striking ``2010'' and inserting ``2023''; 
                and
                    (C) by striking ``and increase alternative fuel 
                consumption'' and inserting ``, increase alternative 
                fuel consumption, and reduce vehicle greenhouse gas 
                emissions''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Goals.--The goals of the requirements under paragraph 
        (1) are that each Federal agency shall--
                    ``(A) reduce fleet-wide per-mile greenhouse gas 
                emissions from agency fleet vehicles, relative to a 
                baseline of emissions in 2015, by--
                            ``(i) not less than 30 percent by the end 
                        of fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(ii) not less than 50 percent by the end 
                        of fiscal year 2030; and
                            ``(iii) 100 percent by the end of fiscal 
                        year 2050; and
                    ``(B) increase the annual percentage of alternative 
                fuel consumption by agency fleet vehicles as a 
                proportion of total annual fuel consumption by Federal 
                fleet vehicles, to achieve--
                            ``(i) 25 percent of total annual fuel 
                        consumption that is alternative fuel by the end 
                        of fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(ii) 50 percent of total annual fuel 
                        consumption that is alternative fuel by the end 
                        of fiscal year 2035; and
                            ``(iii) at least 85 percent of total annual 
                        fuel consumption that is alternative fuel by 
                        the end of fiscal year 2050.''.

                         TITLE III--FUEL SUPPLY

SEC. 301. ASSISTANCE FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE REFINERIES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish and 
carry out a program to increase the amount of crude oil refined in oil 
refineries located in covered countries by--
            (1) developing, producing, or procuring resources, 
        materials, or equipment that can be used at such oil refineries 
        to increase the amount of crude oil refined at such oil 
        refineries;
            (2) providing to covered entities, under such terms and 
        conditions as the Secretary of Energy determines appropriate, 
        resources, materials, or equipment that can be used at such oil 
        refineries to increase the amount of crude oil refined at such 
        oil refineries;
            (3) issuing grants, loans, or loan guarantees to covered 
        entities, under such terms and conditions as the Secretary of 
        Energy determines appropriate, to carry out projects in covered 
        countries that can increase the amount of crude oil refined in 
        such oil refineries; and
            (4) providing technical assistance to covered entities, as 
        the Secretary of Energy determines necessary to increase the 
        amount of crude oil refined in such oil refineries.
    (b) Partnerships.--The Secretary of Energy may partner with other 
Federal agencies to carry out the program established under subsection 
(a).
    (c) Authority To Enter Into Agreements.--In carrying out the 
program established under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy may 
enter into one or more agreements directly with third parties under 
such terms and conditions as the Secretary of Energy determines 
appropriate.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered country.--The term ``covered country'' means a 
        foreign country located in the Western Hemisphere, other than 
        Venezuela, with respect to which the Secretary of State, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of 
        Energy, determines that increased crude oil refining in that 
        country would promote the national security and economic 
        interests of the United States.
            (2) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means a 
        covered country or a third party that owns or operates an oil 
        refinery located in a covered country.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out this section 
$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, to remain available until September 
30, 2026.
                                 <all>