    [Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
    [H.R. 3935 Engrossed in House (EH)]

    <DOC>

    118th CONGRESS
      1st Session
                                    H. R. 3935

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                     AN ACT

     To amend title 49, United States Code, to reauthorize and improve the
    Federal Aviation Administration and other civil aviation programs, and
                              for other purposes.

        Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,

    SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

        (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Securing Growth
    and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
    follows:

    Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
             TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS AND FAA ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM

                           Subtitle A--Authorizations

    Sec. 101. Airport planning and development and noise compatibility
                                planning and programs.
    Sec. 102. Facilities and equipment.
    Sec. 103. Operations.
    Sec. 104. Extension of miscellaneous expiring authorities.
                     Subtitle B--FAA Organizational Reform

    Sec. 121. FAA leadership.
    Sec. 122. FAA management board.
    Sec. 123. Prohibition on conflicting pecuniary interests.
    Sec. 124. Authority of Secretary and Administrator.
    Sec. 125. Review of FAA rulemaking processes.
    Sec. 126. Office of Innovation.
    Sec. 127. Frank A. LoBiondo National Aerospace Safety and Security
                                Campus.
    Sec. 128. Technical Center for Advanced Aerospace.
    Sec. 129. Office of NextGen sunset.
    Sec. 130. FAA Ombudsman.
    Sec. 131. Project dashboards and feedback portal.
    Sec. 132. Sense of Congress on FAA engagement during rulemaking
                                activities.
    Sec. 133. Civil Aeromedical Institute.
    Sec. 134. Management advisory council.
    Sec. 135. Aviation noise officer.
    Sec. 136. Chief Operating Officer.
    Sec. 137. Report on unfunded capital investment needs of air traffic
                                control system.
    Sec. 138. Chief Technology Officer.
    Sec. 139. Definition of air traffic control system.
    Sec. 140. Peer review of Office of Whistleblower Protection and
                                Aviation Safety Investigations.
    Sec. 141. Cybersecurity lead.
    Sec. 142. Reducing FAA waste, inefficiency, and unnecessary
                                responsibilities.
                           TITLE II--GENERAL AVIATION

             Subtitle A--Expanding Pilot Privileges and Protections

    Sec. 201. Reexamination of pilots or certificate holders.
    Sec. 202. GAO review of Pilot's Bill of Rights.
    Sec. 203. Expansion of BasicMed.
    Sec. 204. Data privacy.
    Sec. 205. Prohibition on using ADS-B data to initiate an investigation.
    Sec. 206. Prohibition on N-Number profiteering.
    Sec. 207. Accountability for aircraft registration numbers.
    Sec. 208. Timely resolution of investigations.
    Sec. 209. Expansion of volunteer pilot organization definition.
    Sec. 210. Charitable flight fuel reimbursement exemptions.
    Sec. 211. GAO report on charitable flights.
    Sec. 212. All makes and models authorization.
    Sec. 213. Response to letter of investigation.
                      Subtitle B--General Aviation Safety

    Sec. 221. ADS-B safety enhancement incentive program.
    Sec. 222. GAO report on ADS-B technology.
    Sec. 223. Protecting general aviation airports from FAA closure.
    Sec. 224. Ensuring safe landings during off-airport operations.
    Sec. 225. Airport diagram terminology.
    Sec. 226. Alternative ADS-B technologies for use in certain small
                                aircraft.
    Sec. 227. Airshow safety team.
    Sec. 228. Tower marking notice of proposed rulemaking.
                       Subtitle C--Improving FAA Services

    Sec. 241. Aircraft registration validity during renewal.
    Sec. 242. Temporary airman certificates.
    Sec. 243. Flight instruction or testing.
    Sec. 244. Letter of deviation authority.
    Sec. 245. National coordination and oversight of designated pilot
                                examiners.
    Sec. 246. BasicMed for examiners administering tests or proficiency
                                checks.
    Sec. 247. Designee locator tool improvements.
    Sec. 248. Deadline to eliminate aircraft registration backlog.
    Sec. 249. Part 135 air carrier certificate backlog.
    Sec. 250. Logging flight time accrued in certain public aircraft.
    Sec. 251. Flight instructor certificates.
    Sec. 252. Consistency of policy application in flight standards and
                                aircraft certification.
    Sec. 253. Application of policies, orders, and guidance.
    Sec. 254. Expansion of the regulatory consistency communications board.
    Sec. 255. Exemption of fees for air traffic services.
    Sec. 256. Modernization of special airworthiness certification
                                rulemaking deadline.
    Sec. 257. Termination of designees.
    Sec. 258. Part 135 check airmen reforms.
                          Subtitle D--Other Provisions

    Sec. 261. Required consultation with National Parks Overflights
                                Advisory Group.
    Sec. 262. Supplemental oxygen regulatory reform.
    Sec. 263. Exclusion of gyroplanes from fuel system requirements.
    Sec. 264. Airshow venue information, awareness, training, and education
                                program.
    Sec. 265. Low altitude rotorcraft and powered-lift operations.
    Sec. 266. BasicMed in North America.
    Sec. 267. Eliminate aviation gasoline lead emissions.
                         TITLE III--AEROSPACE WORKFORCE

                      Subtitle A--Growing the Talent Pool

    Sec. 301. Extension of aviation workforce development programs.
    Sec. 302. Improving aviation workforce development programs.
    Sec. 303. National Center for the Advancement of Aerospace.
    Sec. 304. Cooperative Aviation Recruitment, Enrichment, and Employment
                                Readiness Program.
    Sec. 305. Repeal of duplicative or obsolete workforce programs.
    Sec. 306. Civil airmen statistics.
    Sec. 307. Bessie Coleman Women in Aviation Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 308. Establishing a comprehensive web-based aviation resource
                                center.
    Sec. 309. Direct hire authority from UAS Collegiate Training
                                Initiative.
         Subtitle B--Improving Training and Rebuilding Talent Pipelines

    Sec. 311. Joint aviation employment training working group.
    Sec. 312. Airman knowledge testing working group.
    Sec. 313. Airman Certification System Working Group and timely
                                publication of standards.
    Sec. 314. Air traffic control workforce staffing.
    Sec. 315. Aviation safety workforce assessment.
    Sec. 316. Military aviation maintenance.
                Subtitle C--Engaging and Retaining the Workforce

    Sec. 321. Airman's medical bill of rights.
    Sec. 322. Improved designee misconduct reporting process.
    Sec. 323. Report on safe uniform options for certain aviation
                                employees.
    Sec. 324. Extension of Samya Rose Stumo national air grant fellowship
                                program.
    Sec. 325. Promotion of civil aeronautics and safety of air commerce.
    Sec. 326. Educational and professional development.
    Sec. 327. Human factors professionals.
    Sec. 328. Aeromedical innovation and modernization working group.
    Sec. 329. Frontline manager workload study.
    Sec. 330. Age standards for pilots.
    Sec. 331. Medical Portal Modernization Task Group.
                        TITLE IV--AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

             Subtitle A--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

    Sec. 401. AIP definitions.
    Sec. 402. Revenue diversion penalty enhancement.
    Sec. 403. Extension of competitive access report requirement.
    Sec. 404. Renewal of certain leases.
    Sec. 405. Community use of airport land.
    Sec. 406. Price adjustment provisions.
    Sec. 407. Allowable project costs and letters of intent.
    Sec. 408. Small airport letters of intent.
    Sec. 409. Prohibition on use of AIP funds to procure certain passenger
                                boarding bridges.
    Sec. 410. Fuel infrastructure.
    Sec. 411. Apportionments.
    Sec. 412. PFC turnback reduction.
    Sec. 413. Transfer of AIP supplemental funds to formula program.
    Sec. 414. Small airport fund.
    Sec. 415. Revision of discretionary categories.
    Sec. 416. Terminal development.
    Sec. 417. State block grant program.
    Sec. 418. Innovative financing techniques.
    Sec. 419. Long-term management plans.
    Sec. 420. Alternative project delivery.
    Sec. 421. Nonmovement area surveillance surface display systems pilot
                                program.
    Sec. 422. Repeal of obsolete criminal provisions.
    Sec. 423. Limitation on certain rolling stock procurements.
    Sec. 424. Regulatory application.
    Sec. 425. National priority system formulas.
    Sec. 426. Minority and disadvantaged business participation.
    Sec. 427. Airport access roads in remote locations.
    Sec. 428. Limited regulation of nonfederally sponsored property.
    Sec. 429. Motorcoach enplanement pilot program.
    Sec. 430. Populous counties without airports.
    Sec. 431. Continued availability of aviation gasoline.
    Sec. 432. AIP handbook update.
    Sec. 433. GAO audit of airport financial reporting program.
    Sec. 434. GAO review of nonaeronautical revenue streams at airports.
    Sec. 435. Maintaining safe fire and rescue staffing levels.
    Sec. 436. GAO study of onsite airport generation.
    Sec. 437. Transportation demand management at airports.
    Sec. 438. Coastal airports assessment.
    Sec. 439. Airport investment partnership program.
    Sec. 440. GAO study on per-trip airport fees for TNC consumers.
    Sec. 441. Special rule for reclassification of certain unclassified
                                airports.
    Sec. 442. Permanent solar powered taxiway edge lighting systems.
    Sec. 443. Secondary runways.
    Sec. 444. Increasing the energy efficiency of airports and meeting
                                current and future energy power demands.
    Sec. 445. Electric aircraft infrastructure pilot program.
    Sec. 446. Curb management practices.
    Sec. 447. Notice of funding opportunity.
    Sec. 448. Special carryover assumption rule.
    Sec. 449. Runway safety projects.
                     Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

    Sec. 461. PFC application approvals.
    Sec. 462. PFC authorization pilot program implementation.
         Subtitle C--Noise and Environmental Programs and Streamlining

    Sec. 471. Streamlining consultation process.
    Sec. 472. Repeal of burdensome emissions credit requirements.
    Sec. 473. Expedited environmental review and One Federal Decision.
    Sec. 474. Subchapter III definitions.
    Sec. 475. Pilot program extension.
    Sec. 476. Part 150 noise standards update.
    Sec. 477. Reducing community aircraft noise exposure.
    Sec. 478. Categorical exclusions.
    Sec. 479. Critical habitat on or near airport property.
    Sec. 480. Updating presumed to conform limits.
    Sec. 481. Recommendations on reducing rotorcraft noise in District of
                                Columbia.
    Sec. 482. UFP study.
    Sec. 483. Aviation and airport community engagement.
    Sec. 484. Community Collaboration Program.
    Sec. 485. Third party study on aviation noise metrics.
    Sec. 486. Information sharing requirement.
                            TITLE V--AVIATION SAFETY

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    Sec. 501. Zero tolerance for near misses, runway incursions, and
                                surface safety risks.
    Sec. 502. Global aviation safety.
    Sec. 503. Availability of personnel for inspections, site visits, and
                                training.
    Sec. 504. Helicopter air ambulance operations.
    Sec. 505. Global aircraft maintenance safety improvements.
    Sec. 506. ODA best practice sharing.
    Sec. 507. Training of organization delegation authorization unit
                                members.
    Sec. 508. Clarification on safety management system information
                                disclosure.
    Sec. 509. Extension of Aircraft Certification, Safety, and
                                Accountability Act reporting requirements.
    Sec. 510. Don Young Alaska Aviation Safety Initiative.
    Sec. 511. Continued oversight of FAA compliance program.
    Sec. 512. Scalability of safety management systems.
    Sec. 513. Finalize safety management system rulemaking.
    Sec. 514. Improvements to aviation safety information analysis and
                                sharing.
    Sec. 515. Improvement of certification processes.
    Sec. 516. Instructions for continued airworthiness aviation rulemaking
                                committee.
    Sec. 517. Clarity for supplemental type certificate requirements.
    Sec. 518. Use of advanced tools in certifying aerospace products.
    Sec. 519. Transport airplane and propulsion certification
                                modernization.
    Sec. 520. Engine fire protection standards.
    Sec. 521. Risk model for production facility inspections.
    Sec. 522. Secondary cockpit barriers.
    Sec. 523. Review of FAA use of aviation safety data.
    Sec. 524. Part 135 duty and rest.
    Sec. 525. Cockpit voice recorders.
    Sec. 526. Flight data recovery from overwater operations.
    Sec. 527. Emergency medical equipment on passenger aircraft.
    Sec. 528. Navigation aids study.
    Sec. 529. Remote towers.
    Sec. 530. Weather reporting systems study.
    Sec. 531. GAO study on expansion of the FAA weather camera program.
    Sec. 532. Audit on aviation safety in era of wireless connectivity.
    Sec. 533. Ramp worker safety call to action.
    Sec. 534. Safety data analysis for aircraft without transponders.
    Sec. 535. Crash-resistant fuel systems in rotorcraft.
    Sec. 536. Reducing turbulence on part 121 aircraft operations.
    Sec. 537. Study on radiation exposure.
    Sec. 538. Deterring crewmember interference.
    Sec. 539. Cabin temperature standards.
    Sec. 540. Cabin air quality.
    Sec. 541. Evacuation standards for transport category airplanes.
    Sec. 542. Lithium-ion powered wheelchairs.
    Sec. 543. National simulator program policies and guidance.
    Sec. 544. GAO study on FAA National Simulator Program.
    Sec. 545. GAO study on FAA alignment with best available technologies
                                and standards.
    Sec. 546. Incremental safety improvement.
    Sec. 547. Voluntary reporting protections.
    Sec. 548. Providing non-Federal weather observer training to airport
                                personnel.
                       Subtitle B--Aviation Cybersecurity

    Sec. 571. Findings.
    Sec. 572. Aerospace product safety.
    Sec. 573. Federal Aviation Administration regulations, policy, and
                                guidance.
    Sec. 574. Civil aviation cybersecurity rulemaking committee.
                         TITLE VI--AEROSPACE INNOVATION

                     Subtitle A--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

    Sec. 601. Definitions.
    Sec. 602. Unmanned aircraft system test ranges.
    Sec. 603. Unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.
    Sec. 604. Public safety use of tethered UAS.
    Sec. 605. Special authority for unmanned aircraft systems.
    Sec. 606. Recreational operations of drone systems.
    Sec. 607. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and
                                enforcement.
    Sec. 608. Applications for designation.
    Sec. 609. Beyond visual line of sight rulemaking.
    Sec. 610. UAS traffic management.
    Sec. 611. Radar data pilot program.
    Sec. 612. Electronic conspicuity study.
    Sec. 613. Remote identification alternative means of compliance.
    Sec. 614. Part 107 waiver improvements.
    Sec. 615. Acceptable levels of risk and risk assessment methodology.
    Sec. 616. Environmental review.
    Sec. 617. Carriage of hazardous materials.
    Sec. 618. Unmanned aircraft system use in wildfire response.
    Sec. 619. Pilot program for UAS inspections of FAA infrastructure.
    Sec. 620. Drone infrastructure inspection grant program.
    Sec. 621. Drone education and workforce training grant program.
    Sec. 622. Drone workforce training program study.
    Sec. 623. UAS Integration Office.
    Sec. 624. Termination of Advanced Aviation Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 625. Unmanned and Autonomous Flight Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 626. NextGen Advisory Committee membership expansion.
    Sec. 627. Temporary flight restriction integrity.
    Sec. 628. Interagency coordination.
    Sec. 629. Review of regulations to enable unescorted UAS operations.
    Sec. 630. UAS operations over high seas.
    Sec. 631. Beyond BEYOND.
    Sec. 632. UAS integration strategy.
    Sec. 633. Authorization of appropriations for Know Before You Fly
                                campaign.
    Sec. 634. Public aircraft definition.
    Sec. 635. Protection of public gatherings.
                       Subtitle B--Advanced Air Mobility

    Sec. 651. Definition.
    Sec. 652. Powered-lift aircraft rulemakings.
    Sec. 653. Powered-lift aircraft entry into service.
    Sec. 654. Sense of Congress on preparation for entry into service of
                                powered-lift aircraft.
    Sec. 655. Infrastructure supporting vertical flight.
    Sec. 656. Charting of aviation infrastructure.
    Sec. 657. Advanced air mobility working group.
    Sec. 658. Advanced air mobility infrastructure pilot program extension.
                          Subtitle C--Other Provisions

    Sec. 681. Report on national spaceports policy.
    Sec. 682. Intermodal transportation infrastructure improvement pilot
                                program.
    Sec. 683. Airspace access for high-speed aircraft.
    Sec. 684. ICAO activities on new technologies.
    Sec. 685. AIP eligibility for certain spaceport infrastructure.
    Sec. 686. Commercial space launch and reentry statistics.
    Sec. 687. Report on certain infrastructure needs.
    Sec. 688. Airspace integration for space launch and reentry.
                  TITLE VII--PASSENGER EXPERIENCE IMPROVEMENTS

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    Sec. 701. Advertisements and solicitations for passenger air
                                transportation.
    Sec. 702. Modernization of consumer complaint submissions.
    Sec. 703. Codification of consumer protection provisions.
    Sec. 704. Extension of aviation consumer protection advisory committee.
    Sec. 705. Removal of outdated references to passengers with
                                disabilities.
    Sec. 706. Extension of aviation consumer advocate reporting
                                requirement.
    Sec. 707. Air Carrier Access Act advisory committee.
    Sec. 708. Passenger experience advisory committee.
    Sec. 709. Streamlining of offline ticket disclosures.
    Sec. 710. Ticket agent refund obligations.
    Sec. 711. Updating passenger information requirement regulations.
    Sec. 712. Mobility aids on board improve lives and empower all.
    Sec. 713. Prioritizing accountability and accessibility for aviation
                                consumers.
    Sec. 714. Aircraft accessibility.
    Sec. 715. Accessibility of websites, software applications, and kiosks
                                for individuals with disabilities.
    Sec. 716. Review of methods to report flight delay and cancellation
                                statistics.
    Sec. 717. Reimbursement for incurred costs.
    Sec. 718. Airline operational resiliency plans.
    Sec. 719. Family seating.
    Sec. 720. Seat dimensions.
    Sec. 721. Improved training standards for assisting passengers who use
                                wheelchairs.
    Sec. 722. Training standards for stowage of wheelchairs and scooters.
    Sec. 723. Investigation of complaints.
    Sec. 724. Standards.
    Sec. 725. Seating accommodations for qualified individuals with
                                disabilities.
    Sec. 726. Provision of drinking water to passengers.
    Sec. 727. GAO report on mass flight cancellation event.
                            Subtitle B--Air Traffic

    Sec. 741. Transfers of air traffic systems acquired with AIP.
    Sec. 742. NextGen programs.
    Sec. 743. Airspace access.
    Sec. 744. Airspace transition completion.
    Sec. 745. FAA contract towers.
    Sec. 746. FAA contract tower workforce audit.
    Sec. 747. Aviation infrastructure sustainment.
    Sec. 748. Air traffic control tower safety.
    Sec. 749. Air traffic services data reports.
    Sec. 750. Consideration of small hub control towers.
    Sec. 751. Air traffic control tower replacement process report.
    Sec. 752. FAA contract tower pilot program.
    Sec. 753. Agreements for State and local operation of airport
                                facilities.
                    Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

    Sec. 771. Essential air service reforms.
    Sec. 772. Essential air service authorization.
    Sec. 773. Small community air service development program reform and
                                authorization.
    Sec. 774. GAO study on increased costs of essential air service.
    Sec. 775. Response time for applications to provide essential air
                                service.
    Sec. 776. GAO study on certain airport delays.
    Sec. 777. Report on restoration of small community air service.
                           TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

    Sec. 801. Digitalization of FAA processes.
    Sec. 802. FAA telework.
    Sec. 803. Review of office space.
    Sec. 804. Aircraft weight reduction task force.
    Sec. 805. Audit of technical writing resources and capabilities.
    Sec. 806. FAA participation in industry standards organizations.
    Sec. 807. Sense of Congress on use of voluntary consensus standards.
    Sec. 808. Required designation.
    Sec. 809. Sensitive security information.
    Sec. 810. Preserving open skies while ensuring fair skies.
    Sec. 811. Commercial preference.
    Sec. 812. Consideration of third-party services.
    Sec. 813. Certificates of authorization or waiver.
    Sec. 814. Wing-in-ground-effect craft.
    Sec. 815. Quasquicentennial of aviation.
    Sec. 816. Federal contract tower wage determinations and positions.
    Sec. 817. Internal process improvements review.
    Sec. 818. Acceptance of digital driver's license and identification
                                cards.
    Sec. 819. Buckeye 940 release of deed restrictions.
    Sec. 820. Federal Aviation Administration information technology system
                                integrity.
    Sec. 821. Briefing on radio communications coverage around mountainous
                                terrain.
    Sec. 822. Study on congested airspace.
    Sec. 823. Administrative services franchise fund.
    Sec. 824. Use of biographical assessments.
    Sec. 825. Whistleblower protection enforcement.
    Sec. 826. Final rulemaking on certain manufacturing standards.
    Sec. 827. Remote dispatch.
    Sec. 828. Employee assault prevention and response plans amendment.
    Sec. 829. Crew member self-defense training.
    Sec. 830. Formal sexual assault and harassment policies on air carriers
                                and foreign air carriers.
    Sec. 831. Interference with security screening personnel.
    Sec. 832. Mechanisms to reduce helicopter noise.
    Sec. 833. Technical corrections.
    Sec. 834. Transportation of organs.
    Sec. 835. Report on application approval timing.
    Sec. 836. Study on air cargo operations.
    Sec. 837. Next generation radio altimeters.
    Sec. 838. Sense of Congress regarding safety and security of aviation
                                infrastructure.
    Sec. 839. Restricted category aircraft maintenance and operations.
    Sec. 840. Report on telework.
    Sec. 841. Crewmember pumping guidance.
    Sec. 842. Aircraft interchange agreement limitations.
    Sec. 843. Federal Aviation Administration Academy and facility
                                expansion plan.
    Sec. 844. Limitations for certain cargo aircraft.
    Sec. 845. Copyright protection for original designs of aircraft floats.
    Sec. 846. Delivery of clearance to pilots via internet protocol.
    Sec. 847. Report on Indo-Pacific Airports.
    Sec. 848. GAO study on the implementation of grants at airports.
    Sec. 849. Minority and disadvantaged business participation.
    Sec. 850. Structures interfering with air commerce or national
                                security.
    Sec. 851. Effect of airline mergers for consumers.
    Sec. 852. Task Force on Human Factors in Aviation Safety.
    Sec. 853. Sense of Congress encouraging the FAA to welcome the use of
                                unmanned aerial vehicles.
    Sec. 854. Evaluation of emergency response plans.
    Sec. 855. Study on air cargo operations in Puerto Rico.
    Sec. 856. Prohibition on operation of aircraft over Russian airspace.
    Sec. 857. GAO study on aviation workforce.
    Sec. 858. Assessment by Inspector General of the Department of
                                Transportation of counter-UAS system
                                operations.
    Sec. 859. Briefing on LIT VORTAC project.
    Sec. 860. Reimbursement for financial losses due to certain airport
                                closures.
    Sec. 861. Prohibition on certain runway length requirements.
    Sec. 862. Study on pilot supply issues.
    Sec. 863. GAO study on FAA responsiveness to Congress.
    Sec. 864. GAO study on transit access.
    Sec. 865. Apprenticeship program for pilots.
    Sec. 866. Wildfire suppression.
    Sec. 867. Air statistic reports.
    Sec. 868. Sense of Congress on FAA engagement and collaboration with
                                HBCUs and MSIs.
    Sec. 869. Report on implementation of recommendations of Federal
                                Aviation Administration Youth Access to
                                American Jobs in Aviation Task Force.
    Sec. 870. Implementation of dynamic scheduling and management of
                                certain airspace.
    Sec. 871. Prohibition on procurement of foreign-made unmanned aircraft
                                systems.
    Sec. 872. Banning municipal airport.
    Sec. 873. Feasibility study of hardening satellites that contribute to
                                United States aerospace navigation.
    Sec. 874. Study and report on effects of unmanned free balloons on
                                aviation safety.
    Sec. 875. Update to FAA order on Airway Planning Standard.
    Sec. 876. Surface surveillance.
    Sec. 877. Certification and report by Inspector General relating to
                                radar impacts and offshore wind development
                                approval process.
     TITLE IX--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2023

    Sec. 901. Short title.
    Sec. 902. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 903. Clarification of treatment of territories.
    Sec. 904. Additional workforce training.
    Sec. 905. Acquiring mission-essential knowledge and skills.
    Sec. 906. Overtime annual report termination.
    Sec. 907. Strategic workforce plan.
    Sec. 908. Travel budgets.
    Sec. 909. Retention of records.
    Sec. 910. Nondisclosure of interview recordings.
    Sec. 911. Closed unacceptable recommendations.
    Sec. 912. Establishment of Office of Oversight, Accountability, and
                                Quality Assurance.
    Sec. 913. Miscellaneous investigative authorities.
    Sec. 914. Public availability of accident reports.
    Sec. 915. Ensuring accountability for timeliness of reports.
    Sec. 916. Ensuring access to data.
    Sec. 917. Public availability of safety recommendations.
    Sec. 918. Improving delivery of family assistance.
    Sec. 919. Updating civil penalty authority.
    Sec. 920. Electronic availability of public docket records.
    Sec. 921. Drug-free workplace.
    Sec. 922. Accessibility in workplace.
    Sec. 923. Most Wanted List.
    Sec. 924. Technical corrections.
    Sec. 925. Air safety investigators.
                      TITLE X--FREEDOM TO FLY ACT OF 2023

    Sec. 1001. Short title.
    Sec. 1002. Prohibition on implementation of vaccination mandate.
    Sec. 1003. Prohibition on vaccination requirements for FAA contractors.
    Sec. 1004. Prohibition on vaccine mandate for FAA employees.
    Sec. 1005. Prohibition on vaccine mandate for passengers of air
                                carriers.
    Sec. 1006. Prohibition on implementation of a mask mandate.
    Sec. 1007. Prohibition on mask mandates for FAA contractors.
    Sec. 1008. Prohibition on mask mandate for FAA employees.
    Sec. 1009. Prohibition on mask mandate for passengers of air carriers.
    Sec. 1010. Definitions.
                     TITLE XI--FAA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

    Sec. 1101. Short title.
    Sec. 1102. Definitions.
                  Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

    Sec. 1111. Authorization of appropriations.
             Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

    Sec. 1121. Report on implementation; funding for safety research and
                                development.
              Subtitle C--FAA Research and Development Activities

    Sec. 1131. Aviation fuel research, development, and usage.
    Sec. 1132. Continuous lower energy, emission, and noise (CLEEN).
    Sec. 1133. Strategy on hydrogen aviation research and development.
    Sec. 1134. Report on future electric grid resiliency.
    Sec. 1135. Air traffic surveillance over oceans and other remote
                                locations.
    Sec. 1136. Utilization of space-based assets to improve air traffic
                                control and aviation safety.
    Sec. 1137. Aviation weather technology review.
    Sec. 1138. Air traffic surface operations safety.
    Sec. 1139. Airport and airfield pavement technology research program.
    Sec. 1140. Technology review of artificial intelligence and machine
                                learning technologies.
    Sec. 1141. Research plan for commercial supersonic research.
    Sec. 1142. Electromagnetic spectrum research and development.
    Sec. 1143. Aviation structures, materials, and advanced manufacturing
                                research and development.
    Sec. 1144. Research plan on the remote tower program.
    Sec. 1145. Air traffic control training.
    Sec. 1146. Report on aviation cybersecurity directives.
    Sec. 1147. Rule of construction regarding collaborations.
    Sec. 1148. Turbulence research and development.
    Sec. 1149. Research, development, and demonstration programs.
    Sec. 1150. Limitation.
    Sec. 1151. Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and
                                Environment (ASCENT).
    Sec. 1152. Study on aeronautical standards.
                     TITLE XII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

    Sec. 1201. Airport and airway trust fund expenditure authority.
    Sec. 1202. Extension of taxes funding airport and airway trust fund.
    Sec. 1203. Designation of certain airports as ports of entry.

             TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS AND FAA ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM

                           Subtitle A--Authorizations

    SEC. 101. AIRPORT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AND NOISE COMPATIBILITY
                  PLANNING AND PROGRAMS.

        (a) Authorization.--Section 48103(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (5) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (6) by striking the period at the end and
            inserting a semicolon; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(8) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(9) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                ``(10) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                ``(11) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.
        (b) Obligation Authority.--Section 47104(c) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 102. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.

        Section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraphs (1) through (5);
                (2) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (1); and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) $3,375,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.
                ``(3) $3,425,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                ``(4) $3,475,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
                ``(5) $3,475,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
                ``(6) $3,475,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.

    SEC. 103. OPERATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Section 106(k)(1) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (E);
                (2) in subparagraph (F) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting a semicolon;
                (3) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph (A);
            and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) $12,730,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                        ``(C) $13,035,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                        ``(D) $13,334,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                        ``(E) $13,640,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                        ``(F) $13,954,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.
        (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 106(k)(2)(D) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking clauses (i) through (v);
                (2) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (i); and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) $46,815,000 for fiscal year 2024.
                                ``(iii) $52,985,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                                ``(iv) $59,044,000 for fiscal year 2026.
                                ``(v) $65,225,000 for fiscal year 2027.
                                ``(vi) $71,529,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.
        (c) Authority to Transfer Funds.--Section 106(k)(3) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the
            following:
                        ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
                (2) by striking ``in each of fiscal years 2018 through
            2023,''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Prioritization.--In reducing non-safety-
                    related activities of the Administration under
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall prioritize such
                    reductions from amounts other than amounts authorized
                    under this subsection, section 48101, or section 48103.
                        ``(C) Sunset.--This paragraph shall cease to be
                    effective after September 30, 2028.''.

    SEC. 104. EXTENSION OF MISCELLANEOUS EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.

        (a) Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.--Section 47115(i) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``fiscal years
    2018 through 2023'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2023 through 2028''.
        (b) Weather Reporting Programs.--Section 48105 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) $45,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through
            2026.
                ``(6) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 and
            2028.''.
        (c) Midway Island Airport.--Section 186(d) of the Vision 100--
    Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (Public Law 108-176) is amended
    by striking ``for fiscal years 2018 through 2023'' and inserting ``for
    fiscal years 2023 through 2028''.
        (d) Extension of the Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory
    Committee.--Section 202(h) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
    (Public Law 115-254) is amended by striking ``shall terminate'' and all
    that follows through the period at the end and inserting ``shall
    terminate on October 1, 2028.''.

                     Subtitle B--FAA Organizational Reform

    SEC. 121. FAA LEADERSHIP.

        Section 106 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``The Federal'' and
            inserting ``In General.--The Federal''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) Administration Leadership.--
                ``(1) Administrator.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The head of the Administration
                    is the Administrator, who shall be appointed by the
                    President, by and with the advice and consent of the
                    Senate.
                        ``(B) Qualifications.--The Administrator shall--
                                ``(i) be a citizen of the United States;
                                ``(ii) not be an active duty or retired
                            member of an Armed Force; and
                                ``(iii) have experience in organizational
                            management and a field directly related to
                            aviation.
                        ``(C) Fitness.--In appointing an individual as
                    Administrator, the President shall consider the fitness
                    of such individual to carry out efficiently the duties
                    and powers of the office.
                        ``(D) Term of office.--The Term of office for any
                    individual appointed as Administrator shall be 5 years.
                        ``(E) Reporting chain.--Except as provided in
                    subsection (f) or in other provisions of law, the
                    Administrator reports directly to the Secretary of
                    Transportation.
                ``(2) Deputy administrator for programs and management.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Administration has a Deputy
                    Administrator for Programs and Management, who shall be
                    a political appointee of the President.
                        ``(B) Qualifications.--The Deputy Administrator for
                    Programs and Management shall--
                                ``(i) be a citizen of the United States;
                            and
                                ``(ii) have experience in management and a
                            field directly related to aviation.
                        ``(C) Fitness.--In appointing an individual as
                    Deputy Administrator for Programs and Management, the
                    President shall consider the fitness of the individual
                    to carry out efficiently the duties and powers of the
                    office, including the duty to act for the Administrator
                    under the circumstances described in subparagraph (F).
                        ``(D) Reporting chain.--The Deputy Administrator
                    for Programs and Management reports directly to the
                    Administrator.
                        ``(E) Duties.--The Deputy Administrator for
                    Programs and Management shall--
                                ``(i) manage the Assistant Administrators
                            and Chief Counsel established under subsection
                            (d), except the Assistant Administrator for
                            Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement; and
                                ``(ii) carry out duties and powers
                            prescribed by the Administrator.
                        ``(F) Succession plan.--The Deputy Administrator
                    for Programs and Management acts for the Administrator
                    when the Administrator is absent or unable to serve, or
                    when the office of the Administrator is vacant.
                        ``(G) Compensation.--
                                ``(i) Annual rate of basic pay.--The annual
                            rate of basic pay of the Deputy Administrator
                            for Programs and Management shall be set by the
                            Secretary but shall not exceed the annual rate
                            of basic pay payable to the Administrator.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--A retired regular
                            officer of an Armed Force serving as the Deputy
                            Administrator for Programs and Management is
                            entitled to hold a rank and grade not lower
                            than that held when appointed as the Deputy
                            Administrator for Programs and Management and
                            may elect to receive--
                                        ``(I) the pay provided for the
                                    Deputy Administrator for Programs and
                                    Management under clause (i); or
                                        ``(II) the pay and allowances or
                                    the retired pay of the military grade
                                    held.
                                ``(iii) Reimbursement of expenses.--If the
                            Deputy Administrator for Programs and
                            Management elects to receive compensation
                            described in clause (ii)(II), the
                            Administration shall reimburse the appropriate
                            military department from funds available for
                            the expenses of the Administration.
                ``(3) Deputy administrator for safety and operations.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Administration has a Deputy
                    Administrator for Safety and Operations, who--
                                ``(i) shall be appointed by the
                            Administrator; and
                                ``(ii) shall not be a political appointee.
                        ``(B) Qualifications.--The Deputy Administrator for
                    Safety and Operations shall--
                                ``(i) be a citizen of the United States;
                            and
                                ``(ii) have experience in organizational
                            management and a field directly related to
                            aviation.
                        ``(C) Fitness.--In appointing an individual as
                    Deputy Administrator for Safety and Operations, the
                    Administrator shall consider the fitness of the
                    individual to carry out efficiently the duties and
                    powers of the office, including the duty to act for the
                    Administrator under the circumstances described in
                    subparagraph (F).
                        ``(D) Reporting chain.--The Deputy Administrator
                    for Safety and Operations reports to the Administrator.
                        ``(E) Duties.--The Deputy Administrator for Safety
                    and Operations shall--
                                ``(i) manage the Associate Administrators
                            and Chief Operating Officer established under
                            subsection (c) and the Assistant Administrator
                            for Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement
                            established under subsection (d);
                                ``(ii) develop and maintain a long-term
                            strategic plan of the Administration;
                                ``(iii) coordinate the safe integration of
                            new entrants and technologies into the national
                            airspace system; and
                                ``(iv) carry out other duties and powers
                            prescribed by the Administrator.
                        ``(F) Succession plan.--The Deputy Administrator
                    for Safety and Operations acts for the Administrator
                    when the Administrator and the Deputy Administrator for
                    Programs and Management are absent or unable to serve,
                    or when the office of the Administrator and the Office
                    of the Deputy Administrator for Programs and Management
                    are vacant.
                        ``(G) Compensation.--The annual rate of basic pay
                    of the Deputy Administrator for Safety and Operations
                    shall be set by the Administrator but shall not exceed
                    the annual rate of basic pay payable to the
                    Administrator.
                ``(4) Leadership of the administration defined.--In this
            section, the term `leadership of the Administration' means--
                        ``(A) the Administrator under paragraph (1);
                        ``(B) the Deputy Administrator for Programs and
                    Management under paragraph (2); and
                        ``(C) the Deputy Administrator for Safety and
                    Operations under paragraph (3).''.

    SEC. 122. FAA MANAGEMENT BOARD.

        (a) FAA Management Board.--Section 106 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking subsections (c) and (d) and inserting the
    following:
        ``(c) Associate Administrators.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administration has Associate
            Administrators, as determined necessary by the Administrator,
            including--
                        ``(A) appointed by the Administrator, an Associate
                    Administrator for Aviation Safety, an Associate
                    Administrator for Security and Hazardous Materials
                    Safety, a Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic
                    Control System;
                        ``(B) appointed by the President, an Associate
                    Administrator for Airports; and
                        ``(C) when authority under chapter 509 of title 51
                    is explicitly delegated by the Secretary of
                    Transportation to the Administrator, an Associate
                    Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation who
                    shall be appointed by the Administrator.
                ``(2) Qualifications.--Associate Administrators shall be
            citizens of the United States.
                ``(3) Duties.--The Associate Administrators shall carry out
            duties and powers of their office described in this section and
            those prescribed by the Administrator.
        ``(d) Chief Counsel; Assistant Administrators.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administration has Assistant
            Administrators and a Chief Counsel.
                        ``(A) Chief counsel.--The Chief Counsel shall be
                    appointed by the President and shall--
                                ``(i) advise the Administrator on legal
                            matters relating to the responsibilities,
                            functions, and management of the
                            Administration;
                                ``(ii) at the request of the Administrator,
                            provide guidance, counsel, and advice
                            regarding, but shall not have final decision-
                            making authority with regards to, the
                            activities of the Administrator, including--
                                        ``(I) rulemaking activities;
                                        ``(II) policy and guidance document
                                    production;
                                        ``(III) exemption and waiver
                                    decisions; and
                                        ``(IV) certification and approval
                                    determinations;
                                ``(iii) represent the Administration before
                            the National Transportation Safety Board,
                            Department of Transportation law judges, the
                            Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
                            Federal courts of the United States, and other
                            bodies and courts, as appropriate;
                                ``(iv) pursue enforcement actions on behalf
                            of the Administrator; and
                                ``(v) perform other functions as determined
                            by the Administrator.
                        ``(B) Assistant administrator for rulemaking and
                    regulatory improvement.--The Assistant Administrator
                    for Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement shall be
                    appointed by the Administrator and shall--
                                ``(i) be responsible for developing and
                            managing the execution of a regulatory agenda
                            for the Administration that meets statutory and
                            Administration deadlines, including by--
                                        ``(I) prioritizing rulemaking
                                    projects that are necessary to improve
                                    safety;
                                        ``(II) establishing the regulatory
                                    agenda of the Administration; and
                                        ``(III) coordinating with offices
                                    of the Administration, the Department,
                                    and other Federal entities as
                                    appropriate to improve timely feedback
                                    generation and approvals when required
                                    by law;
                                ``(ii) not delegate overall responsibility
                            for meeting internal timelines and final
                            completion of the regulatory activities of the
                            Administration outside the Office of the
                            Assistant Administrator for Rulemaking and
                            Regulatory Improvement;
                                ``(iii) on an ongoing basis--
                                        ``(I) review the Administration's
                                    regulations in effect to improve
                                    safety;
                                        ``(II) reduce undue regulatory
                                    burden;
                                        ``(III) replace prescriptive
                                    regulations with performance-based
                                    regulations, as appropriate;
                                        ``(IV) prevent duplicative
                                    regulations; and
                                        ``(V) increase regulatory clarity
                                    and transparency whenever possible;
                                ``(iv) make recommendations for the
                            Administrator's review under subsection
                            (f)(3)(C)(ii);
                                ``(v) receive, coordinate, and respond to
                            petitions for rulemaking and for exemption as
                            provided for in subpart A of part 11 of title
                            14, Code of Federal Regulations, and provide an
                            initial response to a petitioner not later than
                            30 days after the receipt of such a petition--
                                        ``(I) acknowledging receipt of such
                                    petition;
                                        ``(II) confirming completeness of
                                    such petition;
                                        ``(III) providing an initial
                                    indication of the complexity of the
                                    request and how such complexity may
                                    impact the timeline for adjudication;
                                    and
                                        ``(IV) requesting any additional
                                    information, as appropriate, that would
                                    assist in the consideration of the
                                    petition;
                                ``(vi) track the issuance of exemptions and
                            waivers by the Administration to sections of
                            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and
                            establish a methodology by which to determine
                            if it would be more efficient and in the
                            public's interest to amend a rule to reduce the
                            future need of waivers and exemptions; and
                                ``(vii) promulgate regulatory updates as
                            determined more efficient or in the public's
                            best interest under clause (vi).
                        ``(C) Appointment.--Additional Assistant
                    Administrators, as determined necessary by the
                    Administrator, may be appointed by the Administrator.
                ``(2) Qualifications.--The Assistant Administrators shall
            be a citizen of the United States.
                ``(3) Duties.--The Assistant Administrators shall carry out
            duties and powers of their office described in this section and
            those prescribed by the Administrator.
                ``(4) Management board of the administration.--In this
            section, the term `Management Board of the Administration'
            means--
                        ``(A) the Associate Administrators and Chief
                    Operating Officer established under subsection (c); and
                        ``(B) the Assistant Administrators and Chief
                    Counsel established under subsection (d).''.
        (b) Systemically Addressing Need for Exemptions and Waivers.--Not
    later than 30 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Assistant Administrator for Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement shall
    brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
    of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the methodology developed pursuant to
    section 106(d)(B)(vi) of title 49, United States Code (as added by this
    section).

    SEC. 123. PROHIBITION ON CONFLICTING PECUNIARY INTERESTS.

        Section 106(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read
    as follows:
        ``(e) Prohibition on Conflicting Pecuniary Interests.--
                ``(1) In general.--The leadership of the Administration and
            the Management Board of the Administration may not have a
            pecuniary interest in, or hold a financial interest in, an
            aeronautical enterprise, or engage in another business,
            vocation, or employment.
                ``(2) Teaching.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Deputy
            Administrators and the Management Board of the Administration
            may not receive compensation for teaching without prior
            approval of the Administrator.
                ``(3) Financial interest defined.--In this subsection, the
            term `financial interest'--
                        ``(A) means--
                                ``(i) any current or contingent ownership,
                            equity, or security interest;
                                ``(ii) any indebtedness or compensated
                            employment relationship; or
                                ``(iii) any right to purchase or acquire
                            any such interest, including a stock option;
                            and
                        ``(B) does not include securities held in an index
                    fund.''.

    SEC. 124. AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY AND ADMINISTRATOR.

        (a) In General.--Section 106(f) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``paragraph (2)'' and inserting
                    ``paragraphs (2) and (3)'';
                        (B) by striking ``Neither'' and inserting ``In
                    exercising duties, powers, and authorities that are
                    assigned to the Secretary or the Administrator under
                    this title, neither''; and
                        (C) by striking ``a committee, board, or
                    organization established by executive order.'' and
                    inserting the following: ``a committee, board, council,
                    or organization that is--
                        ``(A) established by executive order; or
                        ``(B) not explicitly directed by legislation to
                    review the exercise of such duties, powers, and
                    authorities by the Secretary or the Administrator.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)(ii) by striking ``the
                    acquisition'' and all that follows through the
                    semicolon and inserting ``the acquisition,
                    establishment, improvement, operation, maintenance,
                    security (including cybersecurity), and disposal of
                    property, facilities, services, and equipment of the
                    Administration, including all elements of the air
                    traffic control system owned by the Administration;'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)(iii) by striking
                    ``paragraph (3)'' and inserting ``paragraph (4)'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (B) by inserting ``civil
                    aviation, any matter for which the Administrator is the
                    final authority under subparagraph (A), any duty
                    carried out by the Administrator pursuant to paragraph
                    (3), or the provisions of this title, or'' after ``with
                    respect to''; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) by inserting ``(formally or
                            informally)'' after ``required''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``or any other Federal
                            agency'' after ``Department of
                            Transportation'';
                (3) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``In the performance'' and
                            inserting the following:
                                ``(i) Issuance of regulations.--In the
                            performance'';
                                (ii) by striking ``The Administrator shall
                            act'' and inserting the following:
                                ``(ii) Petitions for rulemaking.--The
                            Administrator shall act'';
                                (iii) by striking ``The Administrator shall
                            issue'' and inserting the following:
                                ``(iii) Rulemaking timeline.--The
                            Administrator shall issue''; and
                                (iv) by striking ``On February 1'' and
                            inserting the following:
                                ``(iv) Reporting requirement.--On February
                            1''; and
                        (B) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and
                    inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Approval of secretary of transportation.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Administrator may
                            not issue, unless the Secretary of
                            Transportation approves the issuance of the
                            regulation in advance, a proposed regulation or
                            final regulation that--
                                        ``(I) is likely to result in the
                                    expenditure by State, local, and Tribal
                                    governments in the aggregate, or by the
                                    private sector, of $250,000,000 or more
                                    (adjusted annually for inflation
                                    beginning with the year following the
                                    date of enactment of the Securing
                                    Growth and Robust Leadership in
                                    American Aviation Act) in any year; or
                                        ``(II) is significant.
                                ``(ii) Significant defined.--For purposes
                            of this paragraph, a regulation is significant
                            if the Administrator, in consultation with the
                            Secretary (as appropriate), determines that the
                            regulation--
                                        ``(I) will have an annual effect on
                                    the economy of $250,000,000 or more
                                    (adjusted annually for inflation
                                    beginning with the year following the
                                    date of enactment of the Securing
                                    Growth and Robust Leadership in
                                    American Aviation Act);
                                        ``(II) raises novel or serious
                                    legal or policy issues that will
                                    substantially and materially affect
                                    other transportation modes; or
                                        ``(III) adversely affect, in a
                                    substantial and material way, the
                                    economy, a sector of the economy,
                                    productivity, competition, jobs, the
                                    environment, public health or safety,
                                    or a State, local, or Tribal government
                                    or communities.
                                ``(iii) Emergency regulation.--In an
                            emergency, the Administrator may issue a final
                            regulation described in clause (i) without
                            prior approval of the Secretary. If the
                            Secretary objects to such regulation in writing
                            within 5 days (excluding Saturday, Sundays, and
                            legal public holidays) of the issuance, the
                            Administrator shall immediately rescind such
                            regulation.
                                ``(iv) Other regulations.--The Secretary
                            may not require that the Administrator submit a
                            proposed or final regulation to the Secretary
                            for approval, nor may the Administrator submit
                            a proposed or final regulation to the Secretary
                            for approval, if the regulation--
                                        ``(I) does not require the
                                    Secretary's approval under clause (i)
                                    (excluding a regulation issued pursuant
                                    to clause (iii)); or
                                        ``(II) is a routine or frequent
                                    action or a procedural action.
                                ``(v) Timeline.--The Administrator shall
                            submit a copy of any proposed or final
                            regulation requiring approval by the Secretary
                            under clause (i) to the Secretary, who shall
                            either approve the regulation or return the
                            regulation to the Administrator with comments
                            within 30 days after receiving the regulation.
                            If the Secretary fails to approve or return the
                            regulation with comments to the Administrator
                            within 30 days, the regulation shall be deemed
                            to have been approved by the Secretary.
                        ``(C) Periodic review.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In addition to the
                            review requirements established under section
                            5.13(d) of title 49, Code of Federal
                            Regulations, the Administrator shall review any
                            significant regulation issued 3 years after the
                            effective date of the regulation.
                                ``(ii) Discretional review.--The
                            Administrator may review any regulation that
                            has been in effect for more than 3 years.
                                ``(iii) Substance of review.--In performing
                            a review under clause (i) or (ii), the
                            Administrator shall determine if--
                                        ``(I) the cost assumptions were
                                    accurate;
                                        ``(II) the intended benefit of the
                                    regulation is being realized;
                                        ``(III) the need remains to
                                    continue such regulation as in effect;
                                    and
                                        ``(IV) the Administrator recommends
                                    updates to such regulation based on the
                                    review criteria specified in section
                                    5.13(d) of title 49, Code of Federal
                                    Regulations.
                                ``(iv) Review management.--Any periodic
                            review of a regulation under this subparagraph
                            shall be managed by the Assistant Administrator
                            for Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement, who
                            may task an advisory committee or the
                            Management Advisory Council established under
                            subsection (p) to assist in performing the
                            review.'';
                (4) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs
            (4) and (5), respectively; and
                (5) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) Duties and powers of the administrator.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall carry
                    out--
                                ``(i) the duties and powers of the
                            Secretary under this subsection related to
                            aviation safety (except those related to
                            transportation, packaging, marking, or
                            description of hazardous material) and stated
                            in--
                                        ``(I) subsections (c) and (d) of
                                    section 1132;
                                        ``(II) sections 40101(c), 40103(b),
                                    40106(a), 40108, 40109(b), 40113(a),
                                    40113(c), 40113(d), 40113(e), 40114(a),
                                    and 40117;
                                        ``(III) chapter 443;
                                        ``(IV) chapter 445, except sections
                                    44502(a)(3), 44503, and 44509;
                                        ``(V) chapter 447, except sections
                                    44721(b), and 44723;
                                        ``(VI) chapter 448;
                                        ``(VII) chapter 451;
                                        ``(VIII) chapter 453;
                                        ``(IX) section 46104;
                                        ``(X) subsections (d) and (h)(2) of
                                    section 46301, section 46303(c),
                                    sections 46304 through 46308, section
                                    46310, section 46311, and sections
                                    46313 through 46320;
                                        ``(XI) chapter 465;
                                        ``(XII) chapter 471;
                                        ``(XIII) chapter 475; and
                                        ``(XIV) chapter 509 of title 51;
                                    and
                                ``(ii) such additional duties and powers as
                            may be prescribed by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Applicability.--Section 40101(d) applies to
                    the duties and powers specified in subparagraph (A).
                        ``(C) Transfer.--Any of the duties and powers
                    specified in subparagraph (A) may only be transferred
                    to another part of the Department if specifically
                    provided by law or in a reorganization plan submitted
                    under chapter 9 of title 5.
                        ``(D) Administrative finality.--A decision of the
                    Administrator in carrying out the duties or powers
                    specified in subparagraph (A) is administratively
                    final.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Subsection (h) of section 106 of title
    49, United States Code, is repealed.
        (c) Preservation of Existing Authority.--Nothing in this section or
    the amendments made by this section shall be construed to restrict any
    authority vested in the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration by statute or by delegation that was in effect on the
    day before the date of the enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 125. REVIEW OF FAA RULEMAKING PROCESSES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the
    National Academy of Public Administration to evaluate and make
    recommendations to improve the Administration's rulemaking processes.
        (b) Content of Review.--In completing the evaluation under
    subsection (a), the National Academy of Public Administration shall--
                (1) review Administration and Department of Transportation
            policies and procedures for drafting, coordinating, reviewing,
            editing, and approving rulemaking documents;
                (2) review part 11 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, and section 106 of title 49, United States Code--
                        (A) as such section was in effect the day before
                    the date of enactment of this Act; and
                        (B) as amended by this Act; and
                (3) include in the review--
                        (A) advanced notices of proposed rulemakings;
                        (B) notices of proposed rulemakings;
                        (C) supplemental proposed rulemakings;
                        (D) interim final rules; and
                        (E) final rules, including direct final rules.
        (c) Method of Review.--As part of the evaluation under this
    section, the National Academy of Public Administration shall analyze
    the scoping, drafting, analysis, and approval processes, including
    examining incidents in which a rule was referred back to a program
    office for revision, and the timeline associated with each review and
    step for--
                (1) at least 7 rules completed by the Administration since
            2012, including--
                        (A) at least 2 rules that leveraged the work of an
                    aviation rulemaking committee;
                        (B) at least 2 rules considered significant as
                    defined in section 106(f)(3)(B)(ii) (as amended by this
                    Act); and
                        (C) at least 1 rule promulgated through rules
                    considered routine and frequent in the Department's
                    Regulatory Agenda; and
                (2) at least 2 rulemaking processes where a notice of
            proposed rulemaking has not been followed by a final rule for
            more than 3 years.
        (d) Report.--The National Academy of Public Administration shall
    provide to the Administrator, Secretary of Transportation, the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on
    Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report containing the results of the evaluation required under
    subsection (a). The contents of the report shall--
                (1) identify procedural or resource constraints;
                (2) identify inefficiencies in the process, including any
            causes of delays;
                (3) provide recommendations for expediting rulemakings,
            including--
                        (A) ways to improve the efficiency of the scoping
                    process for rulemaking;
                        (B) the use of new routine and frequent rulemakings
                    to allow for the expediting of activities that may be
                    routinely needed or updated;
                        (C) the use of rules of applicability to provide
                    for the expediting of activities that may be routinely
                    needed or updated;
                        (D) the use of frameworks or shell rules to improve
                    the efficiency of drafting;
                        (E) the use of aviation rulemaking committees; and
                        (F) internal process improvements; and
                (4) not review the policy merits of the reviewed
            rulemakings, except to the extent that there are conclusions
            that can be drawn from the processes used to develop such
            rules.
        (e) Access to Documents.--The Administration and Department shall
    provide the National Academy of Public Administration access, as
    appropriate, to--
                (1) the electronic management software the Administration
            uses to track internal processing of draft documents;
                (2) appropriately redacted communications between offices
            and personnel that were used to coordinate work outside of the
            electronic software; and
                (3) such other documents and records, including
            predecisional documents and records, that will assist the
            National Academy of Public Administration in completing the
            evaluation required under subsection (a).

    SEC. 126. OFFICE OF INNOVATION.

        Section 106 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by
    striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:
        ``(g) Office of Innovation.--
                ``(1) In general.--There is established within the Federal
            Aviation Administration an Office of Innovation (in this
            subsection referred to as the `Office') comprised of employees
            of the Administration who shall--
                        ``(A) have a diverse set of expertise;
                        ``(B) assist the leadership of the Administration
                    and the Management Board of the Administration with--
                                ``(i) scoping complex regulatory issues and
                            drafting documents on topics that span multiple
                            offices or lines of business of the
                            Administration;
                                ``(ii) evaluating internal processes; and
                                ``(iii) positioning the Administration to
                            support aerospace innovation; and
                        ``(C) receive taskings from the leadership of the
                    Administration and the Management Board of the
                    Administration, as determined necessary by such
                    individuals, and work collaboratively with relevant
                    program offices of the Administration, as necessary, to
                    respond to such taskings.
                ``(2) Appointment of members.--
                        ``(A) Appointments.--The Administrator shall
                    appoint a maximum of 15 employees to serve a 2-year
                    term as a member of the Office of Innovation with at
                    least 1 employee appointed from each of the following:
                                ``(i) Office of Aviation Safety.
                                ``(ii) The Air Traffic Organization.
                                ``(iii) Office of Airports.
                                ``(iv) Office of Security and Hazardous
                            Materials Safety.
                                ``(v) When authority under chapter 509 of
                            title 51 is explicitly delegated by the
                            Secretary of Transportation to the
                            Administrator, the Office of Commercial Space
                            Transportation.
                                ``(vi) Office of the Chief Counsel.
                                ``(vii) Office of Policy, International
                            Affairs, and Environment.
                        ``(B) Consultation.--The Office may consult, as
                    necessary, with other personnel of the Administration.
                ``(3) Selection of members.--An employee appointed under
            paragraph (2)--
                        ``(A) may be appointed from nominations made by
                    Associate Administrators, Assistant Administrators, and
                    the Chief Counsel of the Administration;
                        ``(B) shall not be a senior executive of the
                    Administration;
                        ``(C) shall have been an employee of the
                    Administration for at least 2 years; and
                        ``(D) shall have expertise in the authorities and
                    duties of the respective office of the employee.
                ``(4) Innovation office lead.--The Administrator shall
            appoint a lead of the Office who shall report to the leadership
            of the Administration and who--
                        ``(A) may have a set term, as determined by the
                    Administrator;
                        ``(B) shall manage the personnel and activities of
                    such Office; and
                        ``(C) may be a detailed employee of any office of
                    the Administration, notwithstanding the numerical
                    limits placed on appointments in paragraph (2)(A).
                ``(5) Status.--An appointment of an employee to the Office
            established under this subsection shall not impact the status
            or position of such employee in the respective office of such
            employee and such employee shall be considered a detailed
            employee to the Office of Innovation.
                ``(6) Resources.--The Administrator shall provide resources
            and staff, as necessary, to the Office to support the
            activities of the Office described in paragraph (1), not to
            exceed more than 6 full-time equivalent positions, including
            any necessary project managers.''.

    SEC. 127. FRANK A. LOBIONDO NATIONAL AEROSPACE SAFETY AND SECURITY
                  CAMPUS.

        (a) In General.--The campus and grounds of the Federal Aviation
    Administration Technical Center located at the Atlantic City
    International Airport in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, shall be
    known and designated as the ``Frank A. LoBiondo National Aerospace
    Safety and Security Campus''.
        (b) Reference.--Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
    paper, or other record of the United States to the campus and grounds
    at the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center referred to in
    subsection (a) shall be deemed to be a reference to the ``Frank A.
    LoBiondo National Aerospace Safety and Security Campus''.

    SEC. 128. TECHNICAL CENTER FOR ADVANCED AEROSPACE.

        (a) In General.--Section 106 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by inserting after subsection (g) (as added by section
    126) the following:
        ``(h) Technical Center for Advanced Aerospace.--
                ``(1) In general.--There is established within the
            Administration a technology center located at the Frank A.
            LoBiondo National Aerospace Safety and Security Campus to
            support the advancement of aerospace safety and innovation
            which shall be known as the `William J. Hughes Technical Center
            for Advanced Aerospace' (in this subsection referred to as the
            `Technical Center') that shall be used by the Administrator
            and, as permitted by the Administrator, other governmental
            entities, academia, and the aerospace industry.
                ``(2) Management.--The activities of the Technical Center
            shall be managed by a Director.
                ``(3) Activities.--The activities of the Technical Center
            shall include--
                        ``(A) developing and stimulating technology
                    partnerships with and between industry, academia, and
                    other government agencies and supporting such
                    partnerships by--
                                ``(i) liaising between external persons and
                            offices of the Administration interested in
                            such work;
                                ``(ii) providing technical expertise and
                            input, as appropriate; and
                                ``(iii) providing access to the properties,
                            facilities, and systems of the Technical Center
                            through appropriate agreements;
                        ``(B) managing technology demonstration grants
                    awarded by the Administrator;
                        ``(C) identifying software, systems, services, and
                    technologies that could improve aviation safety and the
                    operations and management of the air traffic control
                    system and working with relevant offices of the
                    Administration to consider the use and integration of
                    such software, systems, services, and technologies, as
                    appropriate;
                        ``(D) supporting the work of any collocated
                    facilities and tenants of such facilities, and to the
                    extent feasible, enter into agreements as necessary to
                    utilize the facilities, systems, and technologies of
                    such collocated facilities and tenants;
                        ``(E) managing the facilities of the Technical
                    Center and the Frank A. LoBiondo National Aerospace
                    Safety and Security Campus; and
                        ``(F) carrying out any other duties as determined
                    appropriate by the Administrator.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 44507 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``(a) Civil Aeromedical Institute'' and all
            that follows through ``The Civil Aeromedical Institute
            established'' and inserting ``The Civil Aeromedical Institute
            established''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (b).

    SEC. 129. OFFICE OF NEXTGEN SUNSET.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall terminate the Office of NextGen.
        (b) Closure Process.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall transfer duties, authorities, activities,
    personnel, and assets managed by the Office of NextGen to other
    officials of the Administration, as appropriate, including--
                (1) transferring such duties, authorities, activities,
            personnel, and assets to--
                        (A) the Director of the William J. Hughes Technical
                    Center for Advanced Aerospace established under
                    subsection 106(h) of title 49, United States Code;
                        (B) the Assistant Administrator for Finance and
                    Management;
                        (C) the Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic
                    Control System; and
                        (D) other officials of the Administration, as
                    determined by the Administrator; and
                (2) transferring management of the NextGen Advisory
            Committee to the Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic
            Control System.

    SEC. 130. FAA OMBUDSMAN.

        Section 106 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by
    striking subsection (i) and inserting the following:
        ``(i)  FAA Ombudsman.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--There is established within the
            Federal Aviation Administration an Ombudsman who shall
            coordinate or facilitate the adjudication of covered
            submissions.
                ``(2) Ombudsman.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Ombudsman shall be appointed
                    by the Administrator and report to the Assistant
                    Administrator for Government and Industry Affairs.
                        ``(B) Term.--The Ombudsman shall be appointed for a
                    term of 5 years.
                ``(3) Duties.--The duties of the Ombudsman shall be as
            follows:
                        ``(A) Work with the relevant offices within the
                    Administration to--
                                ``(i) with respect to a covered submission,
                            resolve, provide a status update, or provide
                            clarity on the status of such submissions;
                                ``(ii) bring to the attention of the
                            relevant office of the Administration concerns,
                            as necessary, regarding Administration
                            processes or considerations discovered while
                            coordinating an activity related to a covered
                            submission under this subsection; and
                                ``(iii) address any gaps and communication
                            lapses in Administration coordination
                            processes.
                        ``(B) Determine if, based on a coordinated activity
                    carried out under this subsection, reconsideration with
                    respect to covered submissions or administrative
                    actions are necessary and report to the Administrator
                    or the relevant office within the Administration with
                    recommendations relating to such reconsideration.
                        ``(C) Determine if trends materialize that could
                    warrant process, procedural, or resource changes and
                    report recommendations regarding such changes to the
                    Administrator and relevant offices within the
                    Administration.
                        ``(D) Ensure that reporting, processing, or dispute
                    resolution mechanisms within the Administration are
                    transparent and accessible to the public, and
                    facilitate the use of such reporting, processing, or
                    dispute resolution mechanisms, when appropriate.
                        ``(E) Perform other duties as prescribed by the
                    Assistant Administrator.
                ``(4) Discretion on coordination and review.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Ombudsman shall determine
                    whether to coordinate a review of a covered submission
                    in order to provide a response, coordinate the
                    reconsideration of an administrative action, or take no
                    additional action. In making a determination under this
                    subparagraph, the Ombudsman shall consider--
                                ``(i) whether there are reporting,
                            processing, or dispute resolution mechanisms
                            that have not been exhausted or that may be
                            more appropriate for dealing with,
                            investigating, and responding to such covered
                            submission;
                                ``(ii) whether the subject or outcome of a
                            covered submission is alleged to be--
                                        ``(I) contrary to law or
                                    regulation;
                                        ``(II) arbitrary and capricious; or
                                        ``(III) performed in an
                                    unreasonably inefficient or untimely
                                    manner; and
                                ``(iii) such other factors as the Ombudsman
                            considers appropriate.
                        ``(B) Exception.--With regard to a covered
                    submission concerning an activity relating to an
                    alleged violation of an order, a regulation, or any
                    other provision of Federal law by the Administration or
                    whistleblower retaliation, the Ombudsman shall refer
                    such covered submission to the appropriate Federal
                    entity to adjudicate or investigate the subject of such
                    submission.
                        ``(C) Cooperation.--The Administrator shall ensure
                    that the officers and employees of the Administration
                    fully cooperate with the activities of the Ombudsman
                    and provide such information, documents, or materials
                    as may be requested by the Ombudsman.
                ``(5) Response requirement.--The Ombudsman shall ensure
            that the Administration provides an initial response to or
            status update on covered submissions within 10 business days of
            the Ombudsman receiving such submission.
                ``(6) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Administrative action.--The term
                    `administrative action' means--
                                ``(i) an action taken by the Administrator
                            of the Federal Aviation Administration to
                            issue, deny, modify, or revoke a certificate,
                            registration, approval, waiver, license,
                            exemption, determination, interpretation, or
                            any other authorizing action; or
                                ``(ii) the lack of any action (or activity
                            related to an action) described in clause (i)
                            necessary to be taken by the Administrator.
                        ``(B) Covered submission.--The term `covered
                    submission' means an inquiry or objection relating to--
                                ``(i) an aircraft, aircraft engine,
                            propeller, or appliance certification;
                                ``(ii) an airman or pilot certificate,
                            including scheduling an associated appointment
                            with Administration personnel or designees;
                                ``(iii) a medical certificate;
                                ``(iv) an operator certificate;
                                ``(v) when authority under chapter 509 of
                            title 51 is explicitly delegated by the
                            Secretary of Transportation to the
                            Administrator, a license or permit issued under
                            chapter 509 of title 51;
                                ``(vi) an aircraft registration;
                                ``(vii) an operational approval, waiver, or
                            exemption;
                                ``(viii) a legal interpretation;
                                ``(ix) an outstanding determination;
                                ``(x) an application of agency guidance;
                            and
                                ``(xi) any certificate not otherwise
                            described in this subparagraph that is issued
                            pursuant to chapter 447.''.

    SEC. 131. PROJECT DASHBOARDS AND FEEDBACK PORTAL.

        (a) In General.--The Ombudsman of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall, in reviewing Administration processes, receiving,
    reviewing, and responding to covered submissions, and through general
    due diligence, determine whether a publicly facing dashboard that
    provides applicants with the status of an application before the agency
    would be--
                (1) beneficial to applicants;
                (2) an efficient use of resources to build, maintain, and
            update; or
                (3) duplicative with other efforts within the
            Administration to streamline and digitize paperwork and
            certification processes to provide an applicant with a greater
            awareness of the status of an application before the
            Administration.
        (b) Recommendation.--Not later than 30 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Ombudsman shall provide a recommendation to
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration regarding the
    need or benefits of a dashboard or other means by which to track an
    application status.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 45 days after receiving
    recommendations under subsection (b), the Administrator shall brief the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on--
                (1) any recommendation received from the Ombudsman; and
                (2) any activities the Administrator is taking in response
            to such recommendation.
        (d) FAA Feedback Portal.--
                (1) In general.--The Ombudsman shall, through interacting
            with the public and general due diligence, determine whether a
            publicly facing portal on the website through which the public
            may provide feedback to the Administrator about experiences
            they have working with personnel of the Administration would be
            beneficial.
                (2) Requirements.--The Ombudsman shall ensure any portal
            established under this subsection asks questions that seek to
            gauge any shortcomings the Administration has in fulfilling its
            mission or areas where the Administration is succeeding in
            meetings its mission.
        (e) Covered Submission.--In this section, the term ``covered
    submission'' has the meaning given the term in subsection 106(i) of
    title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 132. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON FAA ENGAGEMENT DURING RULEMAKING
                  ACTIVITIES.

        It is the sense of Congress that--
                (1) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration should engage with aviation stakeholder groups
            and the public during pre-drafting stages of rulemaking
            activities and use, to the greatest extent practicable,
            properly docketed ex-parte discussions during rulemaking
            activities in order to--
                        (A) inform the work of the Administrator;
                        (B) assist the Administrator in developing the
                    scope of a rule; and
                        (C) reduce the timeline for issuance of proposed
                    and final rules; and
                (2) when it would reduce the time required for the
            Administrator to adjudicate public comments, the Administrator
            should publicly provide information describing the rationale
            behind a regulatory decision included in proposed regulations
            in order to better allow for the public to provide clear and
            informed comments on such regulations.

    SEC. 133. CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INSTITUTE.

        Section 106(j) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``There is'' and inserting ``Civil Aeromedical Institute.--
    There is''.

    SEC. 134. MANAGEMENT ADVISORY COUNCIL.

        Section 106 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) by transferring paragraph (8) of subsection (p) to
            subsection (r) and redesignating such paragraph as paragraph
            (7); and
                (2) by striking subsection (p) and inserting the following:
        ``(p) Management Advisory Council.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish an
            advisory council which shall be known as the Federal Aerospace
            Management Advisory Council (in this subsection referred to as
            the `Council').
                ``(2) Membership.--The Council shall consist of 13 members,
            who shall consist of--
                        ``(A) a designee of the Secretary of
                    Transportation;
                        ``(B) a designee of the Secretary of Defense;
                        ``(C) 5 members representing aerospace and
                    technology interests, appointed by the Administrator;
                        ``(D) 5 members representing aerospace and
                    technology interests, appointed by the Secretary of
                    Transportation; and
                        ``(E) 1 member, appointed by the Secretary of
                    Transportation, who is the head of a union representing
                    air traffic control system employees.
                ``(3) Qualifications.--No officer or employee of the United
            States Government may be appointed to the Council under
            subparagraph (C) or (D) of paragraph (2).
                ``(4) Functions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--
                                ``(i) Advise; counsel.--The Council shall
                            provide advice and counsel to the Administrator
                            on issues which affect or are affected by the
                            activities of the Administrator.
                                ``(ii) Resource.--The Council shall
                            function as an oversight resource for
                            management, policy, spending, and regulatory
                            matters under the jurisdiction of the
                            Administrator.
                                ``(iii) Submissions to administration.--
                            With respect to Administration management,
                            policy, spending, funding, data management and
                            analysis, safety initiatives, international
                            agreements, activities of the International
                            Civil Aviation Organization, and regulatory
                            matters affecting the aerospace industry and
                            the national airspace system, the Council may--
                                        ``(I) regardless of whether
                                    solicited by the Administrator, submit
                                    comments, recommended modifications,
                                    proposals, and supporting or dissenting
                                    views to the Administrator; and
                                        ``(II) request the Administrator
                                    include in any submission to Congress,
                                    the Secretary, or the general public,
                                    and in any submission for publication
                                    in the Federal Register, a description
                                    of the comments, recommended
                                    modifications, and dissenting or
                                    supporting views received from the
                                    Council under subclause (I).
                                ``(iv) Reasoning.--Together with a Council
                            submission that is published or described under
                            clause (iii)(II), the Administrator shall
                            provide the reasons for any differences between
                            the views of the Council and the views or
                            actions of the Administrator.
                                ``(v) Cost-benefit analysis.--The Council
                            shall review the rulemaking cost-benefit
                            analysis process and develop recommendations to
                            improve the analysis and ensure that the public
                            interest is fully protected.
                                ``(vi) Process review.--The Council shall
                            review the process through which the
                            Administration determines to use advisory
                            circulars, service bulletins, and other
                            externally facing guidance and regulatory
                            material.
                        ``(B) Meetings.--The Council shall meet on a
                    regular and periodic basis or at the call of the chair
                    or of the Administrator.
                        ``(C) Access to documents and staff.--The
                    Administration may give the Council appropriate access
                    to relevant documents and personnel of the
                    Administration, and the Administrator shall make
                    available, consistent with the authority to withhold
                    commercial and other proprietary information under
                    section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the `Freedom
                    of Information Act'), cost data associated with the
                    acquisition and operation of air traffic service
                    systems.
                        ``(D) Disclosure of commercial or proprietary
                    data.--Any member of the Council who receives
                    commercial or other proprietary data as provided for in
                    this paragraph from the Administrator shall be subject
                    to the provisions of section 1905 of title 18,
                    pertaining to unauthorized disclosure of such
                    information.
                ``(5) Application of chapter 10 of title 5.--Chapter 10 of
            title 5 does not apply to--
                        ``(A) the Council;
                        ``(B) such aviation rulemaking committees as the
                    Administrator shall designate; or
                        ``(C) such aerospace rulemaking committees as the
                    Secretary shall designate.
                ``(6) Administrative matters.--
                        ``(A) Terms.--Members of the Council appointed
                    under paragraph (2)(C) shall be appointed for a term of
                    3 years.
                        ``(B) Term for air traffic control
                    representative.--The member appointed under paragraph
                    (2)(D) shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, except
                    that the term of such individual shall end whenever the
                    individual no longer meets the requirements of
                    paragraph (2)(D).
                        ``(C) Vacancy.--Any vacancy on the Council shall be
                    filled in the same manner as the original appointment,
                    except that any member appointed to fill a vacancy
                    occurring before the expiration of the term for which
                    the member's predecessor was appointed shall be
                    appointed for the remainder of that term.
                        ``(D) Continuation in office.--A member of the
                    Council whose term expires shall continue to serve
                    until the date on which the member's successor takes
                    office.
                        ``(E) Removal.--Any member of the Council appointed
                    under paragraph (2) may be removed for cause by
                    whomever makes the appointment.
                        ``(F) Chair; vice chair.--The Council shall elect a
                    chair and a vice chair from among the members appointed
                    under subparagraphs (C) and (D) of paragraph (2), each
                    of whom shall serve for a term of 1 year. The vice
                    chair shall perform the duties of the chair in the
                    absence of the chair.
                        ``(G) Travel and per diem.--Each member of the
                    Council shall be paid actual travel expenses, and per
                    diem in lieu of subsistence expenses when away from the
                    usual place of residence of the member, in accordance
                    with section 5703 of title 5.
                        ``(H) Detail of personnel from the
                    administration.--The Administrator shall make available
                    to the Council such staff, information, and
                    administrative services and assistance as may
                    reasonably be required to enable the Council to carry
                    out its responsibilities under this subsection.''.

    SEC. 135. AVIATION NOISE OFFICER.

        (a) In General.--Section 106 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by striking subsection (q) and inserting the following:
        ``(q) Aviation Noise Officer.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administration has an Aviation Noise
            Officer, who shall be appointed by the Administrator.
                ``(2) Regional officers.--The Aviation Noise Officer shall
            designate, within each region of the Administration, a Regional
            Aviation Noise Officer.
                ``(3) Duties.--The Aviation Noise Officer, in coordination
            with the Regional Aviation Noise Officers, shall--
                        ``(A) serve as a liaison with the public, including
                    community groups, on issues regarding aircraft noise;
                        ``(B) make recommendations to the Administrator to
                    address concerns raised by the public; and
                        ``(C) be consulted when the Administration proposes
                    changes in aircraft routes so as to minimize any
                    increases in aircraft noise over populated areas.
                ``(4) Number of full-time equivalent employees.--The
            appointment of an Aviation Noise Officer under this subsection
            shall not result in an increase in the number of full-time
            equivalent employees in the Administration.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 180 of the FAA Reauthorization
    Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 106 note) and the items relating to such section
    in the table of contents contained in section 1(b) of that Act, are
    repealed.

    SEC. 136. CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER.

        Section 106(r) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(A) Appointment.--There shall be a Chief
                    Operating Officer for the air traffic control system
                    that is appointed by the Administrator and subject to
                    the authority of the Administrator.''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``shall be
                    appointed for the remainder of that term'' and
                    inserting ``may be appointed for either the remainder
                    of the term or for a full term'';
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``, with the approval of
            the Air Traffic Services Committee'';
                (3) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) by striking ``, in consultation with the Air
                    Traffic Services Committee,''; and
                        (B) by striking ``annual basis.'' and inserting--
                    ``annual basis and shall include responsibility for--
                ``(A) the state of good repair of the air traffic control
            system;
                ``(B) the continuous improvement of the safety and
            efficiency of the air traffic control system; and
                ``(C) identifying services and solutions to increase the
            safety and efficiency of airspace use and to support the safe
            integration of all airspace users.'';
                (4) in paragraph (4) by striking ``such information as may
            be prescribed by the Secretary'' and inserting ``the annual
            performance agreement required under paragraph (3), an
            assessment of the performance of the Chief Operating Officer in
            relation to the performance goals in the previous year's
            performance agreement, and such other information as may be
            prescribed by the Administrator''; and
                (5) in paragraph (5)--
                        (A) by striking ``Chief Operating Officer, or any
                    other authority within the Administration
                    responsibilities, including'' and inserting ``Chief
                    Operating Officer any authority of the Administrator
                    and shall delegate, at a minimum'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (iii) by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (iv) by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) plans to integrate new entrant
                            operations into the national airspace system
                            and associated action items.''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)(ii) by striking ``and the
                    Committee''.

    SEC. 137. REPORT ON UNFUNDED CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS OF AIR TRAFFIC
                  CONTROL SYSTEM.

        Section 106(r) of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Unfunded capital investment needs report.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 10 days after the
                    date on which the budget of the President for a fiscal
                    year is submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1150
                    of title 31, the Chief Operating Officer shall submit
                    directly to the Administrator, the Secretary, the
                    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
                    House of Representatives, and the Committee on
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
                    report on any unfunded capital investment needs of the
                    air traffic control system.
                        ``(B) Contents of report.--The report required
                    under subparagraph (A) shall include, for each unfunded
                    capital investment need, the following:
                                ``(i) A summary description of such
                            unfunded capital investment need.
                                ``(ii) Objective to be achieved if such
                            unfunded capital investment need is funded in
                            whole or in part.
                                ``(iii) The additional amount of funds
                            recommended in connection with such objective.
                                ``(iv) The Budget Line Item Program and
                            Budget Line Item number associated with such
                            unfunded capital investment need, as
                            applicable.
                                ``(v) Any statutory requirement associated
                            with such unfunded capital investment need, as
                            applicable.
                        ``(C) Prioritization of requirements.--The report
                    required under subparagraph (A) shall present unfunded
                    capital investment needs in overall urgency of
                    priority.
                        ``(D) Definition of unfunded capital investment
                    need.--In this paragraph the term `unfunded capital
                    investment need' means a program that--
                                ``(i) is not funded in the budget of the
                            President for the fiscal year as submitted to
                            Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31;
                                ``(ii) is for infrastructure or a system
                            related to necessary modernization or
                            sustainment of the air traffic control system;
                                ``(iii) is listed for any year in the most
                            recent National Airspace System Capital
                            Investment Plan of the Administration; and
                                ``(iv) would have been recommended for
                            funding through the budget referred to in
                            subparagraph (A) by the Chief Operating Officer
                            if--
                                        ``(I) additional resources had been
                                    available for the budget to fund the
                                    program, activity, or mission
                                    requirement; or
                                        ``(II) the program, activity, or
                                    mission requirement has emerged since
                                    the budget was formulated.''.

    SEC. 138. CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER.

        Section 106(s) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``There shall
                    be'' and all that follows through the period at the end
                    and inserting ``The Chief Technology Officer shall be
                    appointed by the Chief Operating Officer of the air
                    traffic control system with the consent of the
                    Administrator.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``management''
                    and inserting ``management, systems management,'';
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (D);
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C)
                    as subparagraphs (B) through (D), respectively; and
                        (E) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                        ``(A) Establishment.--There shall be a Chief
                    Technology Officer for the air traffic control system
                    that shall report directly to the Chief Operating
                    Officer of the air traffic control system.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``program'';
                    and
                        (B) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``aircraft
                    operators'' and inserting ``the Administration,
                    aircraft operators, or other private providers of
                    information and services related to air traffic
                    management''; and
                (3) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``The Chief
                    Technology Officer shall be subject to the
                    postemployment provisions of section 207 of title 18 as
                    if the position of Chief Technology Officer were
                    described in section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of that title.'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                    subparagraph (C); and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                    following:
                        ``(B) Post-employment.--The Chief Technology
                    Officer shall be subject to the postemployment
                    provisions of section 207 of title 18 as if the
                    position of Chief Technology Officer were described in
                    section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of such title.''.

    SEC. 139. DEFINITION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

        Section 40102(a)(47) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) systems, software, and hardware operated,
                    owned, and maintained by third parties that support or
                    directly provide air navigation information and air
                    traffic management services with Administration
                    approval.''.

    SEC. 140. PEER REVIEW OF OFFICE OF WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION AND
                  AVIATION SAFETY INVESTIGATIONS.

        Section 106(t) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (7);
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
                ``(7) Department of transportation office of the inspector
            general peer review.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of the Securing Growth and Robust
                    Leadership in American Aviation Act, and every 5 years
                    thereafter, the inspector general of the Department of
                    Transportation shall perform a peer review of the
                    Office of Whistleblower Protection and Aviation Safety
                    Investigations.
                        ``(B) Peer review scope.--In completing the peer
                    reviews required under this paragraph, the inspector
                    general shall use the most recent peer review guides
                    published by the Council of the Inspectors General on
                    Integrity and Efficiency Audit Committee and
                    Investigations Committee.
                        ``(C) Reports to congress.--Not later than 90 days
                    after the completion of a peer review required under
                    this paragraph, the inspector general shall submit to
                    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
                    the House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
                    description of any actions taken or to be taken to
                    address the results of the peer review.''; and
                (3) in paragraph (8)(B) by striking the comma.

    SEC. 141. CYBERSECURITY LEAD.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall designate an executive of the Administration to
    serve as the lead for the cybersecurity of Administration systems and
    hardware (hereinafter referred to as the ``Cybersecurity Lead'').
        (b) Duties.--The Cybersecurity Lead shall carry out duties and
    powers prescribed by the Administrator, including the management of
    activities required under subtitle B of title VI of the Securing Growth
    and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 1 and 3 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Cybersecurity Lead shall provide a briefing
    to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the implementation of subtitle B of
    title VI of the Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American
    Aviation Act.

    SEC. 142. REDUCING FAA WASTE, INEFFICIENCY, AND UNNECESSARY
                  RESPONSIBILITIES.

        (a) Annual Report on Aviation Activities.--Section 308 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (b);
                (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b); and
                (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (c).
        (b) Annual Report on the Purchase of Foreign Manufactured
    Articles.--Section 40110(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended
    by striking paragraph (5).
        (c) Annual Report on Assistance to Foreign Aviation Authorities.--
    Section 40113(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (4); and
                (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4).
        (d) AIP Annual Report.--Section 47131 of title 49, United States
    Code, and the item relating to such section in the analysis for chapter
    471 of such title, are repealed.
        (e) Transfer of Airport Land Use Compliance Report to NPIAS.--
    Section 47103 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Non-compliant Airports.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall include in the plan
            a detailed statement listing airports the Secretary has reason
            to believe are not in compliance with grant assurances or other
            requirements with respect to airport lands and shall include--
                        ``(A) the circumstances of noncompliance;
                        ``(B) the timeline for corrective action with
                    respect to such noncompliance; and
                        ``(C) any corrective action the Secretary intends
                    to require to bring the airport sponsor into
                    compliance.
                ``(2) Listing.--The Secretary is not required to conduct an
            audit or make a final determination before including an airport
            on the list referred to in paragraph (1).''.
        (f) Notice to Airport Sponsors Regarding Purchase of American Made
    Equipment and Products.--Section 306 of the Federal Aviation
    Administration Authorization Act of 1994 (49 U.S.C. 50101 note) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``(a)'' and all that
            follows through ``It is the sense'' and inserting ``It is the
            sense''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (b).
        (g) Obsolete Aviation Security Requirements.--Sections 302, 307,
    309, and 310 of the Federal Aviation Reauthorization Act of 1996
    (Public Law 104-264), and the items relating to such sections in the
    table of contents in section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
        (h) Regulation of Alaska Guide Pilots.--Section 732 of the Wendell
    H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (49
    U.S.C. 44701 note) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (b);
                (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b); and
                (3) in subsection (b), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Definitions'' and
                    inserting ``Definition of Alaska Guide Pilot'';
                        (B) by striking ``, the following definitions
                    apply'' and all that follows through ``The term `Alaska
                    guide pilot''' and inserting ``the term `Alaska guide
                    pilot'''; and
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C)
                    as paragraphs (1) through (3) (and adjusting the
                    margins accordingly).
        (i) Next Generation Air Transportation Senior Policy Committee.--
    Section 710 of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act
    (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), and the item relating to such section in the
    table of contents in section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
        (j) Improved Pilot Licenses and Pilot License Rulemaking.--
                (1) Intelligence reform and terrorism prevention act.--
            Section 4022 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
            Prevention Act of 2004 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note), and the item
            relating to such section in the table of contents in section
            1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
                (2) FAA modernization and reform act of 2012.--Section 321
            of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C.
            44703 note), and the item relating to such section in the table
            of contents in section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
        (k) Technical Training and Staffing Study.--Section 605 of the FAA
    Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-95) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a);
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``(b) Workload of Systems
                    Specialists.--''; and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as
                    subsections (a) through (c) (and adjust the margins and
                    header casing appropriately); and
                (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated) by striking
            ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''.
        (l) Ferry Flight Duty Period and Flight Time Rulemakings.--Section
    345 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701
    note), and the item relating to such section in the table of contents
    in section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
        (m) Laser Pointer Incident Reports.--Section 2104 of FAA Extension,
    Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 46301 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``quarterly'' and
            inserting ``annually''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Report Sunset.--Subsection (a) shall cease to be effective
    after September 30, 2028.''.
        (n) Cold Weather Projects Briefing.--Section 156 of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 47112 note) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (b); and
                (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b).

                           TITLE II--GENERAL AVIATION

             Subtitle A--Expanding Pilot Privileges and Protections

    SEC. 201. REEXAMINATION OF PILOTS OR CERTIFICATE HOLDERS.

        The Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 5. REEXAMINATION OF AN AIRMAN CERTIFICATE.

        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall provide timely, written
    notification to an individual subject to a reexamination of an airman
    certificate issued under chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code.
        ``(b) Information Required.--In providing notification under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall inform the individual--
                ``(1) of the nature of the reexamination and the specific
            activity on which the reexamination is necessitated;
                ``(2) that the reexamination shall occur within 1 year from
            the date of the notice provided by the Administrator, after
            which, if the reexamination is not conducted, the airman
            certificate may be suspended or revoked; and
                ``(3) when, as determined by the Administrator, an oral or
            written response to the notification from the Administrator is
            not required.
        ``(c) Exception.--Nothing in this section prohibits the
    Administrator from reexamining a certificate holder if the
    Administrator has reasonable grounds--
                ``(1) to establish that an airman may not be qualified to
            exercise the privileges of a certificate or rating based upon
            an act or omission committed by the airman while exercising
            such privileges or performing ancillary duties associated with
            the exercise of such privileges; or
                ``(2) to demonstrate that the airman obtained such a
            certificate or rating through fraudulent means or through an
            examination that was substantially and inadequate to establish
            the qualifications of an airman.
        ``(d) Standard of Review.--An order issued by the Administrator to
    amend, modify, suspend, or revoke an airman certificate after
    reexamination of the airman is subject to the standard of review
    provided for under section 2 of this Act.''.

    SEC. 202. GAO REVIEW OF PILOT'S BILL OF RIGHTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit
    to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a study of the implementation of the
    Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note).
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall review--
                (1) the implementation and application of the Pilot's Bill
            of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note);
                (2) the application of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
            and the Federal Rules of Evidence to covered proceedings by the
            National Transportation Safety Board, as required by section 2
            of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note);
                (3) the appeal process and the typical length of time
            associated with a final determination in a covered proceeding;
            and
                (4) any impacts of the implementation of the Pilot's Bill
            of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note).
        (c) Covered Proceedings.--In this section, the term ``covered
    proceeding'' means a proceeding conducted under subpart C, D, or F of
    part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, relating to denial,
    amendment, modification, suspension, or revocation of an airman
    certificate.

    SEC. 203. EXPANSION OF BASICMED.

        (a) In General.--Section 2307 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and
    Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) the individual holds a medical certificate issued by
            the Federal Aviation Administration or has held such a
            certificate at any time after July 14, 2006;'';
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by inserting ``calendar''
                    before ``months''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (8)(A) by striking ``5'' and
                    inserting ``6'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) by inserting ``(or any
            successor form)'' after ``(3-99)'';
                (3) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
        ``(h) Report Required.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
    enactment of the Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American
    Aviation Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the National
    Transportation Safety Board, shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report that describes the effect of the regulations issued or revised
    under subsection (a) and includes statistics with respect to changes in
    small aircraft activity and safety incidents.''; and
                (4) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``6'' and
                    inserting ``7''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``6,000'' and
                    inserting ``12,500''.
        (b) Rulemaking.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall update regulations in parts 61 and 68 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations, as necessary, to implement the amendments
    made by this section.
        (c) Applicability.--Beginning on the date that is 120 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall apply part
    68, Code of Federal Regulations, in a manner reflecting the amendments
    made by this section.

    SEC. 204. DATA PRIVACY.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 441 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44114. Privacy
        ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish
    and continuously improve a process by which, upon request of a private
    aircraft owner or operator, the Administrator blocks the registration
    number and other similar identifiable data or information, except for
    physical markings required by law, of the aircraft of the owner or
    operator from any public dissemination or display (except in furnished
    data or information made available to or from a Government agency
    pursuant to a government contract, subcontract, or agreement) for the
    noncommercial flights of the owner or operator.
        ``(b) Withholding Personally Identifiable Information on the
    Aircraft Registry.--Not later than 1 year after the enactment of this
    Act and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator
    shall establish a procedure by which, upon request of a private
    aircraft owner or operator, the Administrator shall withhold from
    public disclosure (except in furnished data or information made
    available to or from a Government agency pursuant to a government
    contract, subcontract, or agreement, including that for traffic
    management purposes) the personally identifiable information of such
    individual, including on FAA websites.
        ``(c) Icao Aircraft Identification Code.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a
            program for aircraft owners and operators to apply for a new
            ICAO aircraft identification code.
                ``(2) Limitations.--In carrying out the program described
            in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall require--
                        ``(A) each applicant to attest to a safety or
                    security need in applying for a new ICAO aircraft
                    identification code; and
                        ``(B) each approved applicant who obtains a new
                    ICAO aircraft identification code to comply with all
                    applicable aspects of, or related to, part 45 of title
                    14, Code of Federal Regulations, including updating an
                    aircraft's registration number and N-Number to reflect
                    such aircraft's new ICAO aircraft identification code.
        ``(d) Decoupling Mode S Codes.--The Administrator shall develop a
    plan for which the Administrator could allow for a process to
    disassociate an assigned Mode S code with the number assigned to an
    aircraft that is registered pursuant to section 44103.
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Ads-b.--The term `ADS-B' means automatic dependent
            surveillance-broadcast.
                ``(2) Icao.--The term `ICAO' means the International Civil
            Aviation Organization.
                ``(3) Personally identifiable information.--The term
            `personally identifiable information' means--
                        ``(A) the mailing address or registration address
                    of an individual;
                        ``(B) an electronic address (including an email
                    address) of an individual; or
                        ``(C) the telephone number of an individual.
                        ``(D) the names of the aircraft owner or
                    operator.''.
        (b) Study on Encrypting Ads-b.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall seek to enter into an agreement
            with a qualified organization to conduct a study assessing the
            technical challenges, impact to international aviation
            operations, benefits, and costs of encrypting ADS-B signals to
            provide for a safer and more secure environment for national
            airspace system users.
                (2) Consultation.--In carrying out the study under
            paragraph (1), a qualified organization shall consult with
            representatives of--
                        (A) air carriers;
                        (B) collective bargaining representatives of the
                    Federal Aviation Administration aero3 nautical
                    information specialists;
                        (C) original equipment manufacturers of ADS-B
                    equipment;
                        (D) general aviation;
                        (E) business aviation; and
                        (F) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge
                    of aircraft cybersecurity.
                (3) Considerations.--In carrying out the study under
            paragraph (1), a qualified organization shall consider--
                        (A) the technical requirements for encrypting ADS-B
                    signals for both the 978 Mhz and 1090 Mhz frequencies;
                        (B) the advantages of encrypting ADS-B signals for
                    both the 978 Mhz and 1090 Mhz frequencies, including
                    those related to cybersecurity protections, safety, and
                    privacy of national airspace system users;
                        (C) the disadvantages of encrypting ADS- B signals
                    for both the 978 Mhz and 1090 Mhz frequencies,
                    including those related to cybersecurity protections,
                    safety, and privacy of national airspace system users;
                        (D) the challenges of encrypting ADS-B signals for
                    both the 978 Mhz and 1090 Mhz frequencies, including
                    coordination considerations with the International
                    Civil Aviation Organization and foreign civil aviation
                    authorities;
                        (E) potential new aircraft equipage requirements
                    and estimated costs;
                        (F) the impact to nongovernmental third party users
                    of ADS-B data;
                        (G) the estimated costs to--
                                (i) the Federal Aviation Administration;
                                (ii) aircraft owners required to equip with
                            ADS-B equipment for aviation operations; and
                                (iii) other relevant persons the
                            Administrator determines necessary; and
                        (H) the impact to national airspace system
                    operations during implementation and post-
                    implementation.
                (4) Report.--In any agreement entered into under paragraph
            (1), the Administrator shall ensure that, not later than 1 year
            after the completion of the study required under paragraph (1),
            the qualified organization that has entered into such agreement
            shall submit to the Administrator, the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the
            study described in paragraph (1), including the findings and
            recommendations related to each item specified under paragraph
            (3).
                (5) Definition of qualified organization.--In this
            subsection, the term ``qualified organization'' means an
            independent nonprofit organization, described in section
            501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from
            taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.
        (c) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 441 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``44114. Privacy.''.
        (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 566 of the FAA Reauthorization
    Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 44103 note) and the item relating to such
    section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are
    repealed.

    SEC. 205. PROHIBITION ON USING ADS-B DATA TO INITIATE AN INVESTIGATION.

        Section 46101 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(c) Prohibition on Using ADS-B Data to Initiate an
    Investigation.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any provision of this
            section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration may not initiate an investigation (excluding a
            criminal investigation) of a person based exclusively on
            automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast data.
                ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
            shall prohibit the use of automatic dependent surveillance-
            broadcast data in an investigation that was initiated for any
            reason other than the review of automatic dependent
            surveillance-broadcast data, including if such investigation
            was initiated as a result of a report or complaint submitted to
            the Administrator.''.

    SEC. 206. PROHIBITION ON N-NUMBER PROFITEERING.

        Section 44103 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(e) Prohibition on N-Number Profiteering.--
                ``(1) In general.--No person may reserve an aircraft
            registration number without certifying that such person intends
            to use such registration number--
                        ``(A) immediately on a specific aircraft; or
                        ``(B) for future use on an aircraft owned or
                    controlled, or intended to be owned or controlled, by
                    such person.
                ``(2) Transfers.--A person may transfer a reserved aircraft
            registration number to another person if--
                        ``(A) the transferor certifies that the aircraft
                    registration number is relinquished willingly and at a
                    cost to the transferee that does not otherwise exceed
                    the amount paid by the transferor to reserve such
                    number; and
                        ``(B) the transferee--
                                ``(i) certifies that the transferor did not
                            impose a dollar cost on the transfer that
                            exceeds the amount provided for in subparagraph
                            (A); and
                                ``(ii) complies with the certification
                            requirement under paragraph (1).''.

    SEC. 207. ACCOUNTABILITY FOR AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION NUMBERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall initiate a review of the process for reserving
    aircraft registration numbers to ensure that such process offers an
    equal opportunity for members of the general public to obtain specific
    aircraft registration numbers.
        (b) Assessment.--In conducting the review under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall assess the following:
                (1) Whether the use of readily available software to
            prevent computer or web-based auto-fill systems from reserving
            aircraft registration numbers in bulk would improve
            participation in the reservation process by the general public.
                (2) Whether a limit should be imposed on the number of
            consecutive years a person may reserve an aircraft registration
            number.
                (3) The impact of the prohibition imposed by section
            44103(e) of title 49, United States Code.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the review conducted under subsection (a), including any
    recommendations of the Administrator to improve equal participation in
    the process for reserving aircraft registration numbers by the general
    public.

    SEC. 208. TIMELY RESOLUTION OF INVESTIGATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of issuance
    of a letter of investigation to any person, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall--
                (1) make a determination regarding such investigation and
            pursue subsequent action; or
                (2) close such investigation.
        (b) Extension.--
                (1) In general.--If, upon review of the facts and status of
            an investigation described in subsection (a), the Administrator
            determines that the time provided to make a final determination
            or close such investigation is insufficient, the Administrator
            may approve an extension of such investigation for 2 years.
                (2) Additional extensions.--The Administrator may approve
            consecutive extensions under paragraph (1).
        (c) Delegation.--The Administrator may not delegate the authority
    to approve an extension described in subsection (b) to anyone other
    than the leadership of the Administration as described in section
    106(b) of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 209. EXPANSION OF VOLUNTEER PILOT ORGANIZATION DEFINITION.

        Section 821 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49
    U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``for the fuel costs associated
                    with'' and inserting ``for the fuel costs and airport
                    fees attributed to''; and
                        (B) by striking ``for an individual or organ for
                    medical purposes (and for other associated
                    individuals)'' and inserting ``for the purposes
                    described in subsection (c)(2)''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ``charitable medical
            transportation.'' and inserting the following: ``charitable
            transportation for the following purposes:
                        ``(A) Assisting individuals in accessing medical
                    care or treatment (and for other associated
                    individuals).
                        ``(B) Delivering human blood, tissues, or organs.
                        ``(C) Aiding disaster relief efforts pursuant to
                    a--
                                ``(i) presidential declaration of a major
                            disaster or an emergency under the Robert T.
                            Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
                            Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.); or
                                ``(ii) declaration of a major disaster or
                            an emergency by a Governor of a State.''.

    SEC. 210. CHARITABLE FLIGHT FUEL REIMBURSEMENT EXEMPTIONS.

        (a) In General.--
                (1) Validity of exemption.--Except as otherwise provided in
            this subsection, an exemption from section 61.113(c) of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations, that is granted by the
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration for the
            purpose of allowing a volunteer pilot to accept reimbursement
            from a volunteer pilot organization for the fuel costs and
            airport fees attributed to a flight operation to provide
            charitable transportation pursuant to section 821 of the FAA
            Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note)
            shall be valid for 5 years.
                (2) Failing to adhere.--If the Administrator finds an
            exemption holder under paragraph (1) or a volunteer pilot fails
            to adhere to the conditions and limitations of the exemption
            described under such paragraph, the Administrator may rescind
            or suspend the exemption.
                (3) No longer qualifying.--If the Administrator finds that
            such exemption holder no longer qualifies as a volunteer pilot
            organization, the Administrator shall rescind such exemption.
                (4) Forgoing exemption.--If such exemption holder informs
            the Administrator that such holder no longer plans to exercise
            the authority granted by such exemption, the Administrator may
            rescind such exemption.
        (b) Additional Requirements.--
                (1) In general.--A volunteer pilot organization may impose
            additional safety requirements on a volunteer pilot without--
                        (A) being considered--
                                (i) an air carrier (as such term is defined
                            in section 40102 of title 49, United States
                            Code); or
                                (ii) a commercial operator (as such term is
                            defined in section 1.1 of title 14, Code of
                            Federal Regulations); or
                        (B) constituting common carriage.
                (2) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection may be
            construed to limit or otherwise affect the authority of the
            Administrator to regulate, as appropriate, a flight operation
            associated with a volunteer pilot organization that constitutes
            a commercial operation or common carriage.
        (c) Reissuance of Existing Exemptions.--In reissuing an expiring
    exemption described in subsection (a) that was originally issued prior
    to the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure
    that the reissued exemption--
                (1) accounts for the provisions of this section and section
            821 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C.
            40101 note), as amended by this Act; and
                (2) is otherwise substantially similar to the previously
            issued exemption.
        (d) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to--
                (1) affect the authority of the Administrator to exempt a
            pilot (exercising the private pilot privileges) from any
            restriction on receiving reimbursement for the fuel costs and
            airport fees attributed to a flight operation to provide
            charitable transportation; or
                (2) impose or authorize the imposition of any additional
            requirements by the Administrator on a flight that is arranged
            by a volunteer pilot organization in which the volunteer
            pilot--
                        (A) is not reimbursed the fuel costs and airport
                    fees attributed to a flight operation to provide
                    charitable flights; or
                        (B) pays a pro rata share of expenses as described
                    in section 61.113(c) of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Volunteer pilot.--The term ``volunteer pilot'' means a
            person who--
                        (A) acts as a pilot in command of a flight
                    operation to provide charitable transportation pursuant
                    to section 821 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act
                    of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note); and
                        (B) holds a private pilot certificate, commercial
                    pilot certificate, or an airline transportation pilot
                    certificate issued under part 61 of title 14, Code of
                    Federal Regulations.
                (2) Volunteer pilot organization.--The term ``volunteer
            pilot organization'' has the meaning given such term in section
            821(c) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49
            U.S.C. 40101 note).

    SEC. 211. GAO REPORT ON CHARITABLE FLIGHTS.

        (a) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a
    review of the following:
                (1) Applicable laws, regulations, policies, legal opinions,
            and guidance pertaining to charitable flights and the
            operations of such flights, including reimbursement of fuel
            costs.
                (2) Petitions for exemption from the requirements of
            section 61.113(c) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, for
            the purpose of allowing a pilot to accept reimbursement for the
            fuel costs associated with a flight operation to provide
            charitable transportation pursuant to section 821 of the FAA
            Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), as
            amended by this Act, including assessment of--
                        (A) the conditions and limitations a petitioner
                    must comply with if the exemption is granted and
                    whether such conditions and limitations are--
                                (i) applied to petitioners in a consistent
                            manner; and
                                (ii) commensurate with the types of flight
                            operations exemption holders propose to conduct
                            under any such exemptions;
                        (B) denied petitions for such an exemption and the
                    reasons for the denial of such petitions; and
                        (C) the processing time of a petition for such an
                    exemption.
                (3) Charitable flights conducted without an exemption from
            section 61.113(c) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
            including an analysis of the certificates, qualifications, and
            aeronautical experience of the operators of such flights.
        (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review initiated under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with charitable
    organizations, including volunteer pilot organizations, aircraft
    owners, and pilots who volunteer to provide transportation for or on
    behalf of a charitable organization, flight safety experts, and
    employees of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        (c) Recommendations.--As part of the review initiated under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall make recommendations, as
    determined appropriate, to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration to improve the rules, policies, and guidance pertaining
    to charitable flight operations.
        (d) Report.--Upon completion of the review initiated under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate a report describing the findings of such review and
    recommendations developed under subsection (c).

    SEC. 212. ALL MAKES AND MODELS AUTHORIZATION.

        (a) In General.--
                (1) Unlimited letter of authorization.--Not later than 180
            days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator
            of the Federal Aviation Administration shall take such action
            as may be necessary to allow for the issuance of letters of
            authorizations to airmen with the authorization for--
                        (A) all types and makes of experimental high-
                    performance single engine piston powered aircraft; and
                        (B) all types and makes of experimental high-
                    performance multiengine piston powered aircraft.
                (2) Requirements.--An individual who holds a letter of
            authorization and applies for an authorization described in
            paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B)--
                        (A) shall be given an all-makes and models
                    authorization of--
                                (i) experimental single-engine piston
                            powered authorized aircraft; or
                                (ii) experimental multiengine piston
                            powered authorized aircraft;
                        (B) shall hold the appropriate category and class
                    rating for the authorized aircraft;
                        (C) shall hold 3 experimental aircraft
                    authorizations in aircraft of the same category and
                    class rating for the authorization sought; and
                        (D) may become qualified in additional experimental
                    aircraft by completing aircraft specific training.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to disallow an individual from being given both an authorization
    described in paragraph (1)(A) and an authorization described in
    paragraph (1)(B).
        (c) Failure to Comply.--
                (1) In general.--If the Administrator fails to implement
            subsection (a) within the time period prescribed in such
            subsection, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate on the status of the
            implementation of such subsection on a monthly basis until the
            implementation is complete.
                (2) No delegation.--The Administrator may not delegate the
            briefing described in paragraph (1).

    SEC. 213. RESPONSE TO LETTER OF INVESTIGATION.

         Section 2(b) of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note)
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Response to letter of investigation.--If an
            individual decides to respond to a Letter of Investigation
            described in paragraph (2)(B) such individual may respond not
            later than 30 days after receipt of such Letter, including
            providing written comments on the incident to the investigating
            office.''.

                      Subtitle B--General Aviation Safety

    SEC. 221. ADS-B SAFETY ENHANCEMENT INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a program to provide rebates to owners
    of covered general aviation aircraft for the purchase of covered ADS-B
    equipment.
        (b) Application.--To be eligible to receive a rebate under this
    section, an owner of a covered general aviation aircraft shall submit
    to the Administrator an application in such form, at such time, and
    containing such information as the Administrator may require, including
    proof of successful installation of covered ADS-B equipment.
        (c) Authorized Rebate.--
                (1) Amount.--A rebate approved by the Administrator to be
            issued to an owner of a covered general aviation aircraft shall
            be equal to the lesser of--
                        (A) the cost of purchasing the covered ADS-B
                    equipment; or
                        (B) $2,000.
                (2) Time.--A rebate issued under the program under this
            section shall be redeemed or presented for payment not later
            than 180 days after issuance, after which time the rebate shall
            be deemed void.
        (d) Sunset.--The program established under subsection (a) shall
    terminate on October 1, 2027.
        (e) Restriction.--The Administrator may not offer rebates for--
                (1) a software upgrade for covered ADS-B equipment;
                (2) covered ADS-B equipment installed prior to the date of
            enactment of this Act;
                (3) covered general aviation aircraft manufactured after
            January 1, 2020; or
                (4) covered general aviation aircraft for which the
            Administrator has previously issued a rebate related to the
            purchase and installation of covered ADS-B equipment.
        (f) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) ADS-B.--The term ``ADS-B'' means automatic dependent
            surveillance-broadcast.
                (2) Covered ads-b equipment.--The term ``covered ADS-B
            equipment'' means ADS-B equipment that--
                        (A) meets the performance requirements described in
                    section 91.227 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations
                    (or any successor regulation); and
                        (B) is capable of receiving and displaying ADS-B
                    information from other aircraft.
                (3) Covered general aviation aircraft.--The term ``covered
            general aviation aircraft'' means a single-engine piston
            aircraft registered in the United States that is not equipped
            with covered ADS-B equipment.
        (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of amounts made available
    under section 106(k) of title 49, United States Code, there is
    authorized to be expended to carry out this section and pay
    administrative costs $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024 to remain
    available until expended.

    SEC. 222. GAO REPORT ON ADS-B TECHNOLOGY.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast equipage
    and usage rates across the active general aviation fleet in the United
    States.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study described in subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall, at a minimum--
                (1) analyze the reasons why aircraft owners choose not to
            equip or use an aircraft with automatic dependent surveillance-
            broadcast technology;
                (2) examine and substantiate any benefits and drawbacks of
            using automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast technology,
            including safety and operational benefits and drawbacks;
                (3) survey ways to further incentivize aircraft owners to
            equip and use aircraft with automatic dependent surveillance-
            broadcast technology; and
                (4) examine the benefits, costs, and feasibility of
            requiring equipage of automatic dependent surveillance-
            broadcast technology on all newly manufactured aircraft other
            than aircraft issued a special airworthiness certificate.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast described in
    subsection (b) and make recommendations to incentivize equipage and
    usage rates across the active general aviation fleet in the United
    States.

    SEC. 223. PROTECTING GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS FROM FAA CLOSURE.

        (a) Non-surplus Property.--Section 47125 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Waiving Restrictions.--
                ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary
            may grant to an airport, city, or county a waiver of any of the
            terms, conditions, reservations, or restrictions contained in a
            deed under which the United States conveyed to the airport,
            city, or county an interest in real property for airport
            purposes pursuant to section 16 of the Federal Airport Act (60
            Stat. 179), section 23 of the Airport and Airway Development
            Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 232), or this section.
                ``(2) Conditions.--Any waiver granted by the Secretary
            pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be subject to the following
            conditions:
                        ``(A) The applicable airport, city, county, or
                    other political subdivision shall agree that in
                    conveying any interest in the real property which the
                    United States conveyed to the airport, city, or county,
                    the airport, city, or county will receive consideration
                    for such interest that is equal to its current fair
                    market value.
                        ``(B) Any consideration received by the airport,
                    city, or county under subparagraph (A) shall be used
                    exclusively for the development, improvement,
                    operation, or maintenance of a public airport by the
                    airport, city, or county.
                        ``(C) Such waiver--
                                ``(i) will not significantly impair the
                            aeronautical purpose of an airport;
                                ``(ii) will not result in the permanent
                            closure of an airport (unless the Secretary
                            determines that the waiver will directly
                            facilitate the construction of a replacement
                            airport); or
                                ``(iii) is necessary to protect or advance
                            the civil aviation interests of the United
                            States.
                        ``(D) Any other conditions required by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(3) Annual reporting.--The Secretary shall include a list
            and description of each waiver granted pursuant to paragraph
            (1) in the report required under section 47131.''.
        (b) Surplus Property.--
                (1) In general.--Section 47151 of title 49, United States
            Code, is amended--
                        (A) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the
                    following:
        ``(d) Waiver of Condition.--The Secretary may not waive any
    condition imposed on an interest in surplus property conveyed under
    subsection (a) that such interest be used for an aeronautical purpose
    unless the Secretary provides public notice not less than 30 days
    before the issuance of such waiver and determines that such waiver--
                ``(1) will not significantly impair the aeronautical
            purpose of an airport;
                ``(2) will not result in the permanent closure of an
            airport (unless the Secretary determines that the waiver will
            directly facilitate the construction of a replacement airport);
            or
                ``(3) is necessary to protect or advance the civil aviation
            interests of the United States.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Reversions of Property.--The Secretary shall take all
    necessary action to revert surplus property conveyed under this
    subchapter back to the United States if--
                ``(1) the Secretary determines that an instrument conveying
            an interest in surplus property under this subchapter
            incorporates a provision providing for the reversion of such
            property in the event the property is not used for aeronautical
            purposes;
                ``(2) other efforts by the Secretary to ensure that the
            property is used by the relevant airport sponsor is used for
            aeronautical purposes are unsuccessful; and
                ``(3) the Secretary determines that a reversion--
                        ``(A) will result in the property being used for
                    aeronautical purposes; or
                        ``(B) will not transfer liabilities, including
                    environmental liabilities, greater than the fair market
                    value of the property to the Government.''; and
                (2) Waiving and adding terms.--Section 47153(c) of title
            49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
        ``(c) Restrictions on Waiver.--Notwithstanding subsections (a) and
    (b), the Secretary may not waive any term under this section that an
    interest in land be used for an aeronautical purpose unless--
                ``(1) the Secretary provides public notice not less than 30
            days before the issuance of a waiver; and
                ``(2) the Secretary determines that such waiver--
                        ``(A) will not significantly impair the
                    aeronautical purpose of an airport;
                        ``(B) will not result in the permanent closure of
                    an airport (unless the Secretary determines that the
                    waiver will directly facilitate the construction of a
                    replacement airport); or
                        ``(C) is necessary to protect or advance the civil
                    aviation interests of the United States.''.
        (c) Repeals.--
                (1) Airports near closed or realigned bases.--Section 1203
            of the Federal Aviation Reauthorization Act of 1996 (49 U.S.C.
            47101 note), and the item relating to such section in the table
            of contents under section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
                (2) Release from restrictions.--Section 817 of the FAA
            Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47125 note),
            and the item relating to such section in the table of contents
            under section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.

    SEC. 224. ENSURING SAFE LANDINGS DURING OFF-AIRPORT OPERATIONS.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall not
    apply section 91.119 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, in any
    manner that requires a pilot to continue a landing that is unsafe.

    SEC. 225. AIRPORT DIAGRAM TERMINOLOGY.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall update Airport Diagram Order JO 7910.4 and any
    related advisory circulars, policy, and guidance to ensure the clear
    and consistent use of terms to delineate the types of parking available
    to general aviation pilots.
        (b) Collaboration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall collaborate with industry stakeholders, commercial
    service airports, and general aviation airports in--
                (1) facilitating basic standardization of general aviation
            parking terms;
                (2) accounting for the majority of uses of general aviation
            parking terms; and
                (3) providing clarity for chart users.
        (c) IAC Specifications.--The Administrator shall encourage the
    Interagency Air Committee to incorporate the terms developed under
    subsection (a) in publications produced by the Committee.

    SEC. 226. ALTERNATIVE ADS-B TECHNOLOGIES FOR USE IN CERTAIN SMALL
                  AIRCRAFT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall publish an approved list of effective alternatives to automatic
    dependent surveillance-broadcast equipment (in this section referred to
    as ``alternative ADS-B equipment'') for covered aircraft operating
    outside of Mode C veil airspace so that such aircraft may voluntarily
    broadcast positioning to other aircraft.
        (b) Review; Approval.--
                (1) Review.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
            Administrator shall, to the maximum extent practicable, review
            available commercial-off-the-shelf alternative ADS-B equipment
            that are used outside of the United States for purposes of
            allowing a pilot to voluntarily utilize such equipment while
            operating outside of Mode C veil airspace and within the
            national airspace system.
                (2) Approval.--The Administrator shall work with
            manufacturers of such equipment to expedite technical standard
            order authorization, or other approvals, required by the
            Administrator for such equipment for use in covered aircraft.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Alternative ads-b equipment.--The term ``alternative
            ADS-B equipment'' means a positioning technology that--
                        (A) does not otherwise meet the performance
                    requirements prescribed in section 91.227 of title 14,
                    Code of Federal Regulations;
                        (B) may be affixed to, or portable within, a
                    covered aircraft; and
                        (C) can broadcast positioning of a covered aircraft
                    to other aircraft operating outside of Mode C veil
                    airspace.
                (2) Covered aircraft.--The term ``covered aircraft''
            means--
                        (A) a single-engine piston aircraft;
                        (B) an ultralight aircraft; or
                        (C) an aircraft not equipped with an electrical
                    system.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    by the Administrator to require covered aircraft to install--
                (1) alternative ADS-B equipment; or
                (2) automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast equipment.

    SEC. 227. AIRSHOW SAFETY TEAM.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall coordinate with the General Aviation Joint Safety
    Committee to establish an Airshow Safety Team focused on airshow and
    aerial event safety.
        (b) Objective.--The objective of the Airshow Safety Team described
    in subsection (a) shall be to--
                (1) serve as a mechanism for Federal Government and
            industry cooperation, communication, and coordination on
            airshow and aerial event safety; and
                (2) reduce airshow and aerial event accidents and incidents
            through non-regulatory, proactive safety strategies.
        (c) Activities.--In carrying out the objectives pursuant to
    subsection (b), the Airshow Safety Team shall, at a minimum--
                (1) perform an analysis of airshow and aerial event
            accidents and incidents in conjunction with the Safety Analysis
            Team;
                (2) publish and update every 2 years after initial
            publication an Airshow Safety Plan that incorporates consensus
            based and data driven mitigation measures and non-regulatory
            safety strategies to improve and promote safety of the public,
            performers, and airport personnel; and
                (3) engage the airshow and aerial event community to--
                        (A) communicate non-regulatory, proactive safety
                    strategies identified by the Airshow Safety Plan to
                    mitigate incidents; and
                        (B) discuss best practices to uphold and maintain
                    safety at events.
        (d) Membership.--The Administrator may request the Airshow Safety
    Team be comprised of at least 10 individuals, each of whom shall have
    knowledge or a background in the planning, execution, operation, or
    management of an airshow or aerial event.
        (e) Meetings.--The Airshow Safety Team shall meet at least twice a
    year at the direction of the co-chairs of the General Aviation Joint
    Safety Committee.
        (f) Construction.--The Administrator shall not initiate a
    regulatory action based on any--
                (1) discussion or sharing of information and data that
            occurs as part of an official meeting of the Airshow Safety
            Team; or
                (2) safety strategies or best practices identified by the
            Airshow Safety Plan that are not intended to be used by the
            Administrator for regulatory purposes.

    SEC. 228. TOWER MARKING NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement section 2110
    of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44718
    note).
        (b) Report.--If the Administrator fails to issue the notice of
    proposed rulemaking pursuant to subsection (a), the Administrator shall
    submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate an annual report on the status of such
    rulemaking, including--
                (1) the reasons that the Administrator has failed to issue
            the rulemaking; and
                (2) a list of fatal aircraft accidents associated with
            unmarked towers that have occurred over the 5 years previous to
            the date of submission of the report.

                       Subtitle C--Improving FAA Services

    SEC. 241. AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION VALIDITY DURING RENEWAL.

        (a) In General.--Section 44103 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Validity of Aircraft Registration During Renewal.--
                ``(1) In general.--An aircraft may be operated on or after
            the expiration date found on the certificate of registration
            issued for such aircraft under this section as if it were not
            expired if the operator of such aircraft has aboard the
            aircraft--
                        ``(A) documentation validating that--
                                ``(i) an aircraft registration renewal
                            application form (AC Form 8050-1B, or a
                            succeeding form) has been submitted to the
                            Administrator for such aircraft but not yet
                            approved or denied; and
                                ``(ii) such aircraft is compliant with
                            maintenance, inspections, and any other
                            requirements for the aircraft's airworthiness
                            certificate issued under section 44704(d); and
                        ``(B) the most recent aircraft registration.
                ``(2) Proof of pending renewal application.--The
            Administrator shall provide an applicant for renewal of
            registration under this section with documentation described in
            paragraph (1)(A). Such documentation shall--
                        ``(A) be made electronically available to the
                    applicant immediately upon submitting an aircraft
                    registration renewal application to the Civil Aviation
                    Registry for an aircraft;
                        ``(B) notify the applicant of the operational
                    allowance described in paragraph (1);
                        ``(C) deem an aircraft's airworthiness certificate
                    issued under section 44704(d) as valid provided that
                    the applicant confirms acknowledgment of the
                    requirements of paragraph (1)(A)(ii);
                        ``(D) confirm the applicant acknowledged the
                    limitations described in paragraph (3)(A) and (3)(B);
                    and
                        ``(E) include identifying information pertaining to
                    such aircraft and to the registered owner.
                ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
            shall be construed to permit any person to operate an
            aircraft--
                        ``(A) with an expired registration, except as
                    specifically provided for under this subsection; or
                        ``(B) if the Administrator has denied an
                    application to renew the registration of such
                    aircraft.''.
        (b) Rulemaking; Guidance.--Not later than 18 months after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a final rule, if necessary, and update all
    applicable guidance and policies to implement the amendment made by
    this section.

    SEC. 242. TEMPORARY AIRMAN CERTIFICATES.

        Section 44703 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(l) Temporary Airman Certificate.--An individual may obtain a
    temporary airman certificate from the Administrator after requesting a
    permanent replacement airman certificate issued under this section. A
    temporary airman certificate shall be--
                ``(1) made available--
                        ``(A) electronically to the individual immediately
                    upon submitting an online application for a replacement
                    certificate to the Administrator; or
                        ``(B) physically to the individual at a flight
                    standards district office--
                                ``(i) if the individual submits an online
                            application for a replacement certificate; or
                                ``(ii) if the individual applies for a
                            permanent replacement certificate other than by
                            online application and such application has
                            been received by the Federal Aviation
                            Administration; and
                ``(2) destroyed upon receipt of the permanent replacement
            airman certificate from the Administrator.''.

    SEC. 243. FLIGHT INSTRUCTION OR TESTING.

        (a) In General.--An authorized flight instructor providing student
    instruction, flight instruction, or flight training shall not be deemed
    to be operating an aircraft carrying persons or property for
    compensation or hire.
        (b) Authorized Additional Pilots.--An individual acting as an
    authorized additional pilot during Phase I flight testing of aircraft
    holding an experimental airworthiness certificate, in accordance with
    section 21.191 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and meeting
    the requirements set forth in Federal Aviation Administration
    regulations and policy in effect as of the date of enactment of this
    section, shall not be deemed to be operating an aircraft carrying
    persons or property for compensation or hire.
        (c) Use of Aircraft.--An individual who uses, causes to use, or
    authorizes to use aircraft for flights conducted under subsection (a)
    or (b) shall not be deemed to be operating an aircraft carrying persons
    or property for compensation or hire.
        (d) Revision of Rules.--
                (1) In general.--The requirements of this section shall
            become effective upon the date of enactment of this Act.
                (2) Revision.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration shall issue, revise, or repeal the rules,
            regulations, guidance, or procedures of the Federal Aviation
            Administration to conform to the requirements of this section.

    SEC. 244. LETTER OF DEVIATION AUTHORITY.

        (a) In General.--A flight instructor, registered owner, lessor, or
    lessee of a covered aircraft shall not be required to obtain a letter
    of deviation authority from the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration to allow, conduct, or receive flight training, checking,
    and testing in such aircraft if--
                (1) the flight instructor is not providing both the
            training and the aircraft;
                (2) no person advertises or broadly offers the aircraft as
            available for flight training, checking, or testing; and
                (3) no person receives compensation for use of the aircraft
            for a specific flight during which flight training, checking,
            or testing was received, other than expenses for owning,
            operating, and maintaining the aircraft.
        (b) Covered Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered
    aircraft'' means--
                (1) an experimental category aircraft;
                (2) a limited category aircraft; and
                (3) a primary category aircraft.

    SEC. 245. NATIONAL COORDINATION AND OVERSIGHT OF DESIGNATED PILOT
                  EXAMINERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 16 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a program or office to provide national
    coordination and oversight of designated pilot examiners appointed
    under section 183.23 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Responsibilities.--The program or office established under
    subsection (a) shall be responsible for the following:
                (1) Oversight of designated pilot examiners appointed under
            section 183.23 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
            including the selection, training, duties, and deployment of
            such examiners.
                (2) Supporting the standardization of policy, guidance, and
            regulations across the Administration pertaining to the
            selection, training, duties, and deployment of designated pilot
            examiners appointed under section 183.23 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations, including evaluating the consistency by
            which such examiners apply Administration policies, orders, and
            guidance.
                (3) Coordinating placement and deployment of such examiners
            across regions based on demand for examinations from the pilot
            community.
                (4) Developing a code of conduct for such examiners.
                (5) Deploying a survey system to track the performance and
            merit of such examiners.
                (6) Facilitating an industry partnership to create a formal
            mentorship program for such examiners.
                (7) Put in place a system that ensures available resources
            so that applicants can schedule airman practical tests not more
            than 14 calendar days after requested.
        (c) Coordination.--In carrying out the responsibilities listed in
    subsection (b), the Administrator shall ensure the program--
                (1) coordinates on an ongoing basis with flight standards
            district offices, designated pilot examiner managing
            specialists, and aviation industry stakeholders, including
            representatives of the general aviation community; and
                (2) considers (or reconsiders) implementing the final
            recommendations report issued by the Designated Pilot Examiner
            Reforms Working Group and accepted by the Aviation Rulemaking
            Advisory Committee on June 17, 2021.
        (d) Briefing.--The Administrator shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate in
    each fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act
    through fiscal year 2028 detailing--
                (1) the methodology by which designated pilot examiners
            appointed under section 183.23 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, are deployed and any subsequent changes to the
            methodology to fulfill the demand for examinations;
                (2) a review of the previous fiscal year detailing the
            average time an individual in each region must wait to schedule
            an appointment with such an examiner; and
                (3) the turnover rates and resource costs associated with
            such examiners.

    SEC. 246. BASICMED FOR EXAMINERS ADMINISTERING TESTS OR PROFICIENCY
                  CHECKS.

        (a) Equivalent Pilot-in-command Medical Requirements.--
    Notwithstanding section 61.23(a)(3)(iv) of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, an examiner may administer a practical test or proficiency
    check if such examiner meets the medical qualification requirements
    under part 68 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, if the
    operation being conducted is in a covered aircraft, as such term is
    defined in section 2307(j) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security
    Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note).
        (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a final rule to update part 61 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations, to implement the requirements under
    subsection (a), in addition to any related requirements the
    Administrator finds are in the interest of aviation safety.

    SEC. 247. DESIGNEE LOCATOR TOOL IMPROVEMENTS.

        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall ensure that
    the designee locator search function of the public website of the
    Designee Management System of the Administration has the functionality
    to--
                (1) filter a search for an Aviation Medical Examiner (as
            described in section 183.21 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations) by sex, if such information is available;
                (2) display credentials and aircraft qualifications of a
            designated pilot examiner (as described in section 183.23 of
            such title); and
                (3) display the scheduling availability of a designated
            pilot examiner (as described in section 183.23 of such title)
            to administer a test or proficiency check to an airman.

    SEC. 248. DEADLINE TO ELIMINATE AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION BACKLOG.

        Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall take
    such actions as may be necessary to reduce and maintain the aircraft
    registration and recordation backlog at the Civil Aviation Registry so
    that, on average, applications are processed not later than 10 business
    days after receipt.

    SEC. 249. PART 135 AIR CARRIER CERTIFICATE BACKLOG.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall take such actions as may be necessary to achieve
    the goal of reducing the backlog of air carrier certificate
    applications under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
    to--
                (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
            this Act, maintain an average certificate decision time of less
            than 60 days; and
                (2) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
            this Act, maintain an average certificate decision time of less
            than 30 days.
        (b) Measures.--In meeting the goal under subsection (a), the
    Administrator may--
                (1) assign, as appropriate, additional personnel or support
            staff, including on a temporary basis, to review, adjudicate,
            and approve applications;
                (2) improve and expand promotion of existing applicant
            resources which could improve the quality of applications
            submitted to decrease the need for Administration applicant
            coordination and communications; and
                (3) take into consideration any third-party entity that
            assisted in the preparation of an application for an air
            carrier certificate under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations.
        (c) Working Group.--The Administrator shall convene a working group
    comprised of industry stakeholders and aviation experts to--
                (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
            this Act, study methods and make recommendations to clarify
            requirements and standardize the process for conducting and
            completing aircraft conformity processes for existing air
            carriers and operators under part 135 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations, in a timely manner, which shall include--
                        (A) developing a plan to honor or expedite the
                    consideration of previously accepted aircraft
                    configuration evaluations when an aircraft moves from
                    one certificate under part 135 of title 14, Code of
                    Federal Regulations, to another such certificate;
                        (B) streamlining protocols for operators under such
                    part 135 to add an aircraft that was listed on another
                    certificate under such part 135 immediately prior to
                    moving to the new carrier; and
                        (C) evaluating non-safety related Federal Aviation
                    Administration policies, guidance, and documentation
                    and identify needed changes to such policies, guidance,
                    and documentation to accomplish subparagraph (B); and
                (2) not later than 2 years after of the date of enactment
            of this Act--
                        (A) study and review methods to modernize and
                    improve the air carrier certification process under
                    part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                        (B) recommend long-term solutions for effective
                    management of Administration resources dedicated to
                    approving air carrier certificate applications under
                    such part 135.
        (d) Congressional Briefing.--Beginning 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and not less than every 6 months thereafter
    until the Administrator complies with the requirements under subsection
    (a)(2), the Administrator shall provide a briefing to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the status of the backlog of air carrier certificate applications under
    part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, any measures the
    Administrator has put in place under subsection (b), and any
    recommendations received from the review under subsection (c).

    SEC. 250. LOGGING FLIGHT TIME ACCRUED IN CERTAIN PUBLIC AIRCRAFT.

        (a) Completion of Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall issue a final rule modifying section
    61.51(j)(4) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to include
    aircraft under the direct operational control of forestry and fire
    protection agencies, as required by section 517 of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 44703 note).
        (b) Failure to Complete Rulemaking.--If the Administrator fails to
    issue a final rule pursuant to subsection (a) by the deadline described
    in such subsection, beginning on the date that is 18 months after the
    date of enactment of this Act--
                (1) notwithstanding section 61.51(j)(4) of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations, a pilot, while engaged on an official
            flight for a Federal, State, county, or municipal forestry or
            fire protection agency, may log flight time so long as the time
            acquired is in an aircraft that--
                        (A) is identified as an aircraft under section
                    61.5(b) of such title; and
                        (B) is a public aircraft under the direct
                    operational control of a forestry or fire protection
                    agency; and
                (2) the Administrator may not take an enforcement action
            against the pilot for logging such flight time as described in
            paragraph (1).
        (c) Sunset.--Subsection (b) shall cease to be effective on the date
    on which the final rule required under subsection (a) is effective.

    SEC. 251. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES.

        (a) Completion of Rulemaking.--Not later than 36 months after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall issue a final rule for the rulemaking
    activity titled ``Removal of the Expiration Date on a Flight Instructor
    Certificate'', published in Fall 2022 in the Unified Agenda of Federal
    Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions (RIN 2120-AL25) to, at a minimum,
    update part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to--
                (1) remove the expiration date on a flight instructor
            certificate; and
                (2) replace the requirement that a flight instructor renews
            their flight instructor certificate with appropriate recent
            experience requirements for the holder of a flight instructor
            certificate to exercise the privileges of such certificate.
        (b) Failure to Complete Rulemaking.--If the Administrator fails to
    issue a final rule pursuant to subsection (a) before the deadline
    prescribed in that subsection, beginning on the date that is 36 months
    after the date of enactment of this Act--
                (1) notwithstanding sections 61.19(d) and 61.197 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations, an individual holding a flight
            instructor certificate that is not expired as of the date that
            is 36 months after the date of enactment of this Act may
            exercise the privileges of the certificate regardless of
            whether the certificate subsequently expires, provided that the
            individual meets eligibility requirements in accordance with
            section 61.183 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) the Administrator--
                        (A) shall consider a flight instructor certificate
                    described in paragraph (1) as having no expiration
                    date; and
                        (B) may not enforce any regulation attributed to
                    the renewal of a flight instructor certificate of an
                    individual.
        (c) Sunset.--Subsection (b) shall cease to be effective on the
    effective date of a final rule issued pursuant to subsection (a).

    SEC. 252. CONSISTENCY OF POLICY APPLICATION IN FLIGHT STANDARDS AND
                  AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION.

        (a) In General.--The inspector general of the Department of
    Transportation shall initiate audits, as described in subsection (d),
    of the Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification Services of the
    Federal Aviation Administration, and the personnel of such offices, on
    the consistency of--
                (1) the interpretation of policies, orders, guidance, and
            regulations; and
                (2) the application of policies, orders, guidance, and
            regulations.
        (b) Components.--In completing the audits required under this
    section, the inspector general shall interview stakeholders, including
    at a minimum, individuals or entities that--
                (1) hold a certificate or authorization related to the
            issue being audited under subsection (d);
                (2) are from different regions of the country with matters
            before different flight standards district offices or aircraft
            certification offices of the Administration;
                (3) work with multiple flight standards district offices or
            aircraft certification offices of the Administration; or
                (4) hold a single or multiple relevant certificates or
            authorizations.
        (c) Reports.--The inspector general of the Department of
    Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Secretary of
    Transportation, and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration a report for each audit required in this section,
    containing the results of the audit, including findings and
    recommendations to the Administrator to improve the consistency of
    decision-making by Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification Services
    offices of the Administration.
        (d) Audits.--The inspector general shall complete an audit and
    issue the associated report required under subsection (c) not later
    than--
                (1) 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, with
            regard to supplemental type certificates;
                (2) 34 months after the date of enactment of this Act, with
            regard to repair stations certificated under part 145 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (3) 50 months after the date of enactment of this Act, with
            regard to technical standards orders.
        (e) Implementation.--In addressing any recommendations from the
    inspector general contained in the reports required under subsection
    (c), the Administrator shall--
                (1) maintain an implementation plan; and
                (2) broadly adopt any best practices to improve the
            consistency of interpretation and application of policies,
            orders, guidance, and regulations by other offices of the
            Administration and with regard to other activities of the
            Administration.
        (f) Briefing.--Not later than 6 months after receiving a report
    required under subsection (c), the Administrator shall brief the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the implementation plan required under
    subsection (d), the status of any recommendation received pursuant to
    this section, and any best practices that are being implemented more
    broadly.

    SEC. 253. APPLICATION OF POLICIES, ORDERS, AND GUIDANCE.

        Section 44701 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(g) Policies, Orders, and Guidance.--
                ``(1) Consistency of application.--The Administrator shall
            ensure consistency in the application of policies, orders, and
            guidance of the Administration by--
                        ``(A) regular audits of the application and
                    interpretation of such material by Administration
                    personnel from person to person and office to office;
                        ``(B) updating policies, orders, and guidance to
                    resolve inconsistencies and clarify demonstrated
                    ambiguities, such as through repeated inconsistent
                    interpretation; and
                        ``(C) ensuring officials are properly documenting
                    findings and decisions throughout a project to decrease
                    the occurrence of duplicative work and inconsistent
                    findings by subsequent officials assigned to the same
                    project.
                ``(2) Alterations.--The Administrator shall consult as
            appropriate with regulated entities who will be impacted by
            proposed changes to the content or application of policies,
            orders, and guidance before making such changes.
                ``(3) Authorities and regulations.--The Administrator shall
            issue policies, orders, and guidance documents that are related
            to a law or regulation or clarify the intent of or compliance
            with specific laws and regulations.''.

    SEC. 254. EXPANSION OF THE REGULATORY CONSISTENCY COMMUNICATIONS BOARD.

        Section 224 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 44701
    note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``; and'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in paragraph (3) by striking the period and
                    inserting a semicolon; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) the Office of Airports;
                ``(5) the Office of Security and Hazardous Materials
            Safety;
                ``(6) the Office of Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement;
            and
                ``(7) such other offices as the Administrator determines
            appropriate.''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``anonymous
                    regulatory interpretation questions'' and inserting
                    ``regulatory interpretation questions, including
                    anonymously,'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``anonymous
                    regulatory interpretation questions'' and inserting
                    ``regulatory interpretation questions, including
                    anonymously''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Submit recommendations, as needed, to the Assistant
            Administrator for Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement for
            consideration.''.

    SEC. 255. EXEMPTION OF FEES FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 453 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 45307. Exemption of fees for air traffic services
        ``(a) Requirement to Provide Services and Related Support.--The
    Administrator shall provide or ensure the provisioning of air traffic
    services and aviation safety support for large, multiday aviation
    events, including airshows and fly-ins, where the average daily number
    of manned operations were 1,000 or greater in at least 1 of the
    preceding 3 years, without the imposition or collection of any fee,
    tax, or other charge for that purpose. Amounts for the provision of
    such services and support shall be derived from amounts appropriated or
    otherwise available for the Administration.
        ``(b) Determination of Services and Support to Be Provided.--In
    determining the services and support to be provided for an aviation
    event for purposes of subsection (a), the Administrator shall take into
    account the following:
                ``(1) The services and support required to meet levels of
            activity at prior events, if any, similar to the event.
                ``(2) The anticipated need for services and support at the
            event.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis of chapter 453 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``Sec. 45307. Exemption of fees for air traffic services.''.
        (c) Conforming Repeal.--Section 530 of the FAA Reauthorization of
    2018 (49 U.S.C. 40103 note), and the item relating to that section in
    the table of contents in section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.

    SEC. 256. MODERNIZATION OF SPECIAL AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATION
                  RULEMAKING DEADLINE.

        Not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a
    final rule for the rulemaking activity titled ``Modernization of
    Special Airworthiness Certification'', published in Fall 2022 in the
    long-term actions of the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and
    Deregulatory Actions (RIN 2120-AL50).

    SEC. 257. TERMINATION OF DESIGNEES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall update the Administration's Designee Management Policy (FAA Order
    8000.95B), or any successor order, to ensure due process and increase
    transparency in Federal Aviation Administration-initiated terminations
    of designees.
        (b) Updates to the Designee Management Policy.--In updating the
    Administration's Designee Management Policy under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall, at a minimum, provide for the following:
                (1) A process by which a designee--
                        (A) is notified of the root causes and reasons for
                    a termination initiated by the Administrator;
                        (B) is notified of the change in a delegated
                    authority to ``suspended'' or ``terminated'' during a
                    Federal Aviation Administration-initiated termination;
                        (C) is provided a point of contact, who is
                    independent of any investigation or termination action
                    involving the designee, within the Administration, to
                    correspond with for purposes of discussing the
                    termination process and the designee's status,
                    including the handling of correspondence during the
                    investigation process described in paragraph (2), if
                    applicable, and the review panel described in paragraph
                    (3);
                        (D) is notified of the results of the investigation
                    described in paragraph (2) in a reasonable and timely
                    manner, which shall include notice of additional action
                    by the Administrator, if required; and
                        (E) may respond within 30 calendar days to the
                    Administrator if the Administrator determines that a
                    termination for cause is the appropriate course of
                    action and initiates such action.
                (2) An investigation process to determine the appropriate
            outcome in situations in which termination is being considered
            by the Administrator, which shall include the following
            elements:
                        (A) The root causes and reasons for the
                    investigation, including any complaints or allegations.
                        (B) Collection of evidence related to the
                    investigation.
                        (C) A review of the facts and circumstances
                    surrounding the case.
                        (D) A review of the designee's record in the
                    designee management system and any relevant background
                    information in the appropriate Federal Aviation
                    Administration databases to determine if there is a
                    pattern of inappropriate behavior or misconduct.
                        (E) A review of the designee's response to the
                    investigation, if provided, to include any
                    documentation provided by the designee.
                        (F) A decision on the appropriate course of action
                    based on the results of the investigation.
                        (G) Recording the results of the investigation in
                    the Federal Aviation Administration's designee
                    management system.
                        (H) A notification to the designee that an
                    investigation has been initiated, but only after it is
                    determined through an established process that such
                    notification would not adversely impact the
                    investigation or safety.
                (3) A review panel to determine whether a termination is
            appropriate when termination for cause is a possible outcome
            upon the completion of the investigation described in paragraph
            (2), of which such review panel shall--
                        (A) consider the elements of the investigation
                    process provided for under paragraph (2), including the
                    designee's response to the investigation and any
                    associated documents, if provided; and
                        (B) complete the review process within 45 calendar
                    days of the Administrator initiating a for cause
                    termination decision of a designee.
        (c) Subsequent Review for Designated Pilot Examiners.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator shall set up a process
            through which a Designated Pilot Examiner terminated for cause
            may request a subsequent review by the Executive Director of
            the Flight Standards Service.
                (2) Request.--A Designated Pilot Examiner terminated for
            cause may request a subsequent review described in paragraph
            (1) not later than 15 calendar days after termination,
                (3) Review.--The Executive Director shall review all
            relevant information and facts by which the decision was made
            to terminate the designee, including the information considered
            by the review panel, and issue a final determination.
                (4) Timing.--Such final determination shall be issued by
            the Director not later than 45 calendar days upon receiving the
            request.
        (d) Limitation on Investigation and Review Panel Participants.--An
    Administration employee involved in the selection, appointment, or
    management of a designee the Administrator is investigating or
    terminating for cause may not be party--
                (1) to an investigation described in subsection (b)(2) of
            such designee; or
                (2) participating on a review panel described in subsection
            (b)(3) pertaining to such designee.

    SEC. 258. PART 135 CHECK AIRMEN REFORMS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall assign to the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory
    Committee (in this section referred to as the ``Committee'') the task
    of reviewing all regulations and policies related to check airmen for
    air carrier operations conducted under part 135 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations.
        (b) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                (1) review the processes and requirements by which
            authorized check airmen are selected, trained, and approved by
            the Administrator, and provide recommendations with respect to
            the regulatory and policy changes necessary to ensure efficient
            training and utilization of such check airmen;
                (2) review differences in qualification standards between
            an inspector of the Federal Aviation Administration and an
            authorized check airmen in evaluating and certifying the
            knowledge and skills of pilots; and
                (3) make recommendations with respect to the regulatory and
            policy changes necessary to allow authorized check airmen to
            perform duties beyond the duties permitted on the date of
            enactment of this Act.
        (c) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after
    receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator shall
    take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with
    respect to such recommendations.
        (d) Definition of Authorized Check Airman.--In this section, the
    term ``authorized check airman'' means an individual employed by an air
    carrier that meets the qualifications and training requirements of
    sections 135.337 and 135.339 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
    and is approved to evaluate and certify the knowledge and skills of
    pilots employed by such air carrier.

                          Subtitle D--Other Provisions

    SEC. 261. REQUIRED CONSULTATION WITH NATIONAL PARKS OVERFLIGHTS
                  ADVISORY GROUP.

        Section 40128(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) consult with the advisory group established
                    under section 805 of the National Parks Air Tour
                    Management Act of 2000 (49 U.S.C. 40128 note) and
                    consider all advice, information, and recommendations
                    provided by the advisory group to the Administrator and
                    the Director.''.

    SEC. 262. SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN REGULATORY REFORM.

        (a) In General.--Beginning on the date that is 30 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the following regulations shall cease to
    apply to any aircraft operating below 41,000 feet above mean sea level:
                (1) Paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 135.89(b) of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations).
                (2) Paragraphs (1)(ii) and (2) of section 91.211(b) of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
            regulations).
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a final regulation revising the provisions
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, described in paragraphs (1)
    and (2) of subsection (a) to conform to the limitation in applicability
    pursuant to subsection (a).

    SEC. 263. EXCLUSION OF GYROPLANES FROM FUEL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 44737 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``rotorcraft'' and inserting ``helicopter''
            each place it appears (including in any headings); and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Exemption.--A helicopter issued an experimental certificate
    under section 21.191 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
    successor regulations), or operating under a Special Flight Permit
    issued under section 21.197 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations
    (or any successor regulations), is exempt from the requirements of this
    section.''.

    SEC. 264. AIRSHOW VENUE INFORMATION, AWARENESS, TRAINING, AND EDUCATION
                  PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall establish a program, in cooperation with the National Center for
    the Advancement of Aerospace, to be known as the ``Airshow Venue
    Information, Awareness, Training, and Education Program'' (in this
    section referred to as the ``AVIATE Program'').
        (b) Objective.--The objectives of the AVIATE Program shall be--
                (1) to make information available to general aviation
            airport managers, local government officials, and other
            relevant stakeholders about how to host an airshow;
                (2) to provide guidance and resources to help organizers
            plan and execute airshows and aerial events, including--
                        (A) compliance with all applicable regulations;
                        (B) providing technical assistance in
                    establishing--
                                (i) emergency response plans; and
                                (ii) communication plans between relevant
                            event stakeholders, including local enforcement
                            and emergency first responders; and
                        (C) ensuring protection of the public, performers,
                    and airport personnel;
                (3) to promote public awareness and engagement with
            airshows and aerial events, including opportunities for
            community education, outreach, and involvement; and
                (4) to provide access to tools and resources that enable
            general aviation airport managers, local government officials,
            and other relevant stakeholders to understand the impact of
            airshows and aerial events on local economies and communities.
        (c) Administration.--In carrying out the AVIATE Program, the
    Administrator shall consult and coordinate, as appropriate, with
    relevant stakeholders, including--
                (1) airshow safety experts;
                (2) general aviation aircraft owners and operators,
            including experimental aircraft owners and operators;
                (3) general aviation airports, including airport officials;
                (4) air traffic control specialists with knowledge of
            coordinating airshows and aerial events, including experts from
            the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic
            controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United
            States Code; and
                (5) experts from the exclusive bargaining representative of
            air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title
            5, United States Code.

    SEC. 265. LOW ALTITUDE ROTORCRAFT AND POWERED-LIFT OPERATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall, as appropriate, establish or update low altitude routes and
    flight procedures to ensure safe rotorcraft and powered-lift aircraft
    operations within Class B airspace of the national airspace system.
        (b) Flight Procedures.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall, as appropriate, establish or update approach and
    departure procedures at public-use airports and heliports within Class
    B airspace for rotorcraft and powered-lift aircraft operations.
        (c) Flight Routes.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the
            Administrator shall revise part 71 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, as necessary, to establish or update low altitude
            routes related to Class B airspace operations for rotorcraft
            and powered-lift aircraft.
                (2) Considerations.--In carrying out this section, the
            Administrator shall consider the impact of such low altitude
            flight routes described in paragraph (1) on other airspace
            users and impacted communities to ensure that such routes are
            designed to minimize--
                        (A) the potential for conflict with existing
                    national airspace system operations;
                        (B) the workload of air traffic controllers; and
                        (C) negative effects to impacted communities.
        (d) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator
    shall develop the procedures and routes required under subsection (b)
    and (c) in consultation with--
                (1) rotorcraft operators, including air ambulance
            operators;
                (2) powered-lift operators;
                (3) exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic
            controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United
            States Code; and
                (4) any other relevant stakeholders as determined by the
            Administrator.

    SEC. 266. BASICMED IN NORTH AMERICA.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall seek
    to facilitate the recognition of medical qualifications under part 68
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, with civil aviation
    authorities in Canada and such other foreign countries that the
    Administrator determines are appropriate.

    SEC. 267. ELIMINATE AVIATION GASOLINE LEAD EMISSIONS.

        (a) EAGLE Initiative.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration shall continue to partner with industry and
            other Federal Government stakeholders in carrying out the
            Eliminate Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions Initiative (in this
            section referred to as the ``EAGLE Initiative'').
                (2) FAA responsibilities.--In collaborating with industry
            and other Government stakeholders to carry out the EAGLE
            Initiative, the Administrator shall take such actions as may be
            necessary under the Administrator's authority to facilitate--
                        (A) the safe elimination of the use of leaded
                    aviation gasoline by piston-engine aircraft by the end
                    of 2030 without adversely affecting the piston-engine
                    aircraft fleet;
                        (B) the approval of unleaded alternatives to leaded
                    aviation gasoline for use in all piston-engine aircraft
                    types and piston-engine types;
                        (C) the implementation of the requirements of
                    section 431 as they relate to the continued
                    availability of aviation gasoline;
                        (D) efforts to make approved unleaded aviation
                    gasoline widely available at airports; and
                        (E) the development and implementation of a
                    transition plan to safely expedite the transition of
                    the piston-engine general aviation aircraft fleet to
                    unleaded fuels by 2030.
                (3) Activities.--In carrying out the Administration's
            responsibilities pursuant to paragraph (2), the Administrator,
            at a minimum, shall--
                        (A) develop and publish, as soon as practicable, a
                    fleet authorization process for the efficient approval
                    or authorization of unleaded aviation gasolines;
                        (B) review, update, and prioritize, as soon as
                    practicable, certification processes and projects for
                    aircraft engines and modifications to such engines to
                    operate with unleaded aviation gasoline;
                        (C) evaluate and support programs that accelerate
                    the creation, evaluation, qualification, deployment,
                    and use of unleaded aviation gasolines;
                        (D) carry out, in partnership with the general
                    aviation community, an ongoing campaign for training
                    and educating aircraft owners and operators on how to
                    safely transition to unleaded aviation gasoline;
                        (E) evaluate aircraft and aircraft engines to
                    ensure that such aircraft and aircraft engines can
                    operate with unleaded aviation gasoline candidates
                    during cold weather conditions; and
                        (F) facilitate Government policy, regulatory
                    proposals, and voluntary consensus standards with the
                    objective of achieving the following:
                                (i) Establishing a commercially viable
                            supply chain for unleaded aviation gasolines.
                                (ii) Facilitating market-based production
                            and distribution of unleaded aviation
                            gasolines.
                                (iii) Encouraging procurement of equipment
                            required for the deployment, storage, and
                            dispensing of unleaded aviation gasolines.
                (4) Consultation and coordination with relevant
            stakeholders.--In carrying out the EAGLE Initiative, the
            Administrator shall continue to consult and coordinate, as
            appropriate, with relevant stakeholders, including--
                        (A) general aviation aircraft engine, aircraft
                    propulsion, and aircraft airframe manufacturers;
                        (B) general aviation aircraft users, aircraft
                    owners, aircraft pilots, and aircraft operators;
                        (C) airports, heliports, and fixed-base operators;
                        (D) State, local, and Tribal airport officials or
                    public agencies, with representation from both urban
                    and rural areas;
                        (E) representatives of the petroleum industry,
                    including developers, refiners, producers, and
                    distributors of unleaded aviation gasolines; and
                        (F) air carriers and commercial operators operating
                    under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations.
                (5) Reports to congress.--
                        (A) Initial report.--Not later than 1 year after
                    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator
                    shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
                    the Senate a report that--
                                (i) contains an updated strategic plan for
                            developing a fleet authorization process for
                            efficient approval and use of unleaded aviation
                            gasolines;
                                (ii) describes the structure and
                            involvement of all Federal Aviation
                            Administration offices that have
                            responsibilities described in paragraph (2);
                            and
                                (iii) identifies cost-effective policy
                            initiatives, regulatory initiatives, or
                            legislative initiatives needed to improve and
                            enhance the timely transition to unleaded
                            aviation gasoline for the piston-engine
                            aircraft fleet.
                        (B) Annual reporting.--Not later than 1 year after
                    the date on which the Administrator submits the initial
                    report under subparagraph (A), and annually thereafter,
                    the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
                    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
                    and Transportation of the Senate an annual report on
                    activities and progress of the EAGLE Initiative.
                        (C) Sunset.--Subparagraph (B) shall cease to be
                    effective after December 31, 2030.
        (b) Transition Plan to Unleaded Fuels.--
                (1) In general.--In developing the transition plan under
            subsection (a)(2)(E), the Administrator shall, at a minimum,
            assess the following:
                        (A) Efforts undertaken by the EAGLE Initiative,
                    including progress towards--
                                (i) safely eliminating the use of leaded
                            aviation gasoline by piston-engine aircraft by
                            the end of 2030 without adversely affecting the
                            piston-engine aircraft fleet;
                                (ii) approving unleaded alternatives to
                            leaded aviation gasoline for use in all piston-
                            engine aircraft types and piston-engine types;
                            and
                                (iii) facilitating efforts to make approved
                            unleaded aviation gasoline widely available at
                            airports.
                        (B) The evaluation and development of necessary
                    airport infrastructure, including fuel storage and
                    dispensing facilities, to support the distribution and
                    storage of unleaded aviation gasoline.
                        (C) The establishment of best practices for piston-
                    engine aircraft owners and operators, airport managers
                    and personnel, aircraft maintenance technicians, and
                    other appropriate personnel for protecting against
                    exposure to lead containment when--
                                (i) conducting fueling operations;
                                (ii) disposing of inspected gasoline
                            samples;
                                (iii) performing aircraft maintenance; and
                                (iii) conducting engine run-ups.
                        (D) Efforts to address supply chain and other
                    logistical barriers inhibiting the timely distribution
                    of unleaded aviation gasoline to airports.
                        (E) Outreach efforts to educate and update piston-
                    engine aircraft owners and operators, airport
                    operators, and other members of the general aviation
                    community on the potential benefits, availability, and
                    safety of unleaded aviation gasoline.
                (2) Consultation.--In developing such transition plan, the
            Administrator shall consult, at a minimum, with representatives
            of entities described in subsection (a)(4).
                (3) Publication; guidance.--Upon completion of developing
            such transition plan, the Administrator shall--
                        (A) make the plan available to the public on an
                    appropriate webpage of the Administration; and
                        (B) provide guidance supporting the implementation
                    of the transition plan.
                (4) Coordination with eagle initiative.--In developing such
            transition plan and associated guidance pertaining to the
            implementation of such transition plan, the Administrator shall
            consult and coordinate with individuals carrying out the EAGLE
            Initiative.
                (5) Mapping unleaded aviation gasoline.--The Administrator
            shall develop and continuously update websites, brochures, and
            other communication materials associated with such transition
            plan to clearly convey the availability of unleaded aviation
            gasoline at airports.
                (6) Briefing to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the
            publication of such transition plan, the Administrator shall
            brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
            House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Technology of the Senate on such transition plan
            and any efforts or actions pertaining to the implementation of
            such transition plan.

                         TITLE III--AEROSPACE WORKFORCE

                      Subtitle A--Growing the Talent Pool

    SEC. 301. EXTENSION OF AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

        Section 625(b)(1) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C.
    40101 note) is amended by striking ``section 48105'' and all that
    follows through the period at the end and inserting the following:
    ``section 48105 of title 49, United States Code, not more than--
                        ``(A) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024
                    through 2026 is authorized to be expended to provide
                    grants under the program established under subsection
                    (a)(1); and
                        ``(B) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024
                    through 2026 is authorized to provide grants under the
                    program established under subsection (a)(2).
                        ``(C) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024
                    through 2026 is authorized to be expended to provide
                    grants under the program established under subsection
                    (a)(3).''.

    SEC. 302. IMPROVING AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

        (a) Manufacturing Program.--Section 625(a) of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking the period and inserting
            ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to
            support the education and recruitment of aviation manufacturing
            workers and the development of the aviation manufacturing
            workforce.''.
        (b) Project Grants.--Section 625(b) of the FAA Reauthorization Act
    of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``$500,000'' and inserting
            ``$750,000''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Education projects.--The Secretary shall ensure that
            not less than 20 percent of the amounts authorized to be
            expended under this subsection shall be used to carry out a
            grant program which shall be referred to as the `Willa Brown
            Aviation Education Program' (in this paragraph referred to as
            the `Program') under which the Secretary shall provide grants
            for eligible projects described in subsection (d) that are
            carried out in communities in counties containing at least 1
            qualified opportunity zone (as such term is defined in section
            1400Z-1(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).''.
        (c) Eligible Applications.--Section 625(c) of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by
    striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) Application for aircraft pilot program.--An
            application for a grant under the program established under
            subsection (a)(1) may be submitted, in such form as the
            Secretary may specify, by--
                        ``(A) an air carrier, as defined in section 40102
                    of title 49, United States Code;
                        ``(B) an entity that holds management
                    specifications under subpart K of title 91 of title 14,
                    Code of Federal Regulations;
                        ``(C) an institution of higher education (as
                    defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of
                    1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), a postsecondary vocational
                    institution (as defined in section 102(c) of the Higher
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)), or a high
                    school or secondary school (as such terms are defined
                    in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801));
                        ``(D) a flight school that provides flight
                    training, as defined in part 61 of title 14, Code of
                    Federal Regulations, or that holds a pilot school
                    certificate under part 141 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations;
                        ``(E) a labor organization representing
                    professional pilots;
                        ``(F) an aviation-related nonprofit organization
                    described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
                    Code of 1986 that is exempt from taxation under section
                    501(a) of such Code; or
                        ``(G) a State, local, territorial, or Tribal
                    governmental entity.
                ``(2) Application for aviation maintenance program.--An
            application for a grant under the program established under
            subsection (a)(2) may be submitted, in such form as the
            Secretary may specify, by--
                        ``(A) a holder of a certificate issued under part
                    21, 121, 135, 145, or 147 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations;
                        ``(B) a labor organization representing aviation
                    maintenance workers;
                        ``(C) an institution of higher education (as
                    defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of
                    1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), a postsecondary vocational
                    institution (as defined in section 102(c) of the Higher
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)), or a high
                    school or secondary school (as such terms are defined
                    in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801));
                        ``(D) an aviation-related nonprofit organization
                    described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
                    Code of 1986 that is exempt from taxation under section
                    501(a) of such Code; or
                        ``(E) a State, local, territorial, or Tribal
                    governmental entity.
                ``(3) Application for aviation manufacturing program.--An
            application for a grant under the program established under
            subsection (a)(3) may be submitted, in such form as the
            Secretary may specify, by--
                        ``(A) an entity that--
                                ``(i) actively designs or manufactures any
                            aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, or
                            appliance, or a component, part, or system
                            thereof, covered under a type or production
                            certificate issued under section 44704; and
                                ``(ii) has significant operations in the
                            United States and a majority of the employees
                            of such entity that are engaged in aviation
                            manufacturing or development activities and
                            services are based in the United States;
                        ``(B) an institution of higher education (as
                    defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of
                    1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), a postsecondary vocational
                    institution (as defined in section 102(c) of the Higher
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)), or a high
                    school or secondary school (as such terms are defined
                    in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801));
                        ``(C) an aviation-related nonprofit organization
                    described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
                    Code of 1986 that is exempt from taxation under section
                    501(a) of such Code; or
                        ``(D) a State, local, territorial, or Tribal
                    governmental entity.''.
        (d) Eligible Projects.--Section 625(d) of the FAA Reauthorization
    Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking paragraphs
    (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) Aircraft pilot program.--For purposes of the program
            established under subsection (a)(1), an eligible project is a
            project--
                        ``(A) to create and deliver curriculum that
                    provides high school or secondary school students with
                    meaningful aviation education to become aircraft
                    pilots, aerospace engineers, or unmanned aircraft
                    systems operators, including purchasing and operating a
                    computer-based simulator associated with such
                    curriculum;
                        ``(B) to support the professional development of
                    teachers using the curriculum described in subparagraph
                    (A);
                        ``(C) to establish or improve apprenticeship,
                    internship, or scholarship programs for individuals
                    pursuing employment as an aviation pilot;
                        ``(D) to create and deliver curriculum that
                    provides certified flight instructors with the
                    necessary instructional, leadership, and communication
                    skills to better educate student pilots;
                        ``(E) to support transition to professional pilot
                    careers, including for members of the Armed Forces; or
                        ``(F) to support robust outreach about careers in
                    the commercial aviation as a professional pilot,
                    including outreach to primary, secondary, and post-
                    secondary school students.
                ``(2) Aviation maintenance program.--For purposes of the
            program established under subsection (a)(2), an eligible
            project is a project--
                        ``(A) to create and deliver curriculum that
                    provides high school and secondary school students with
                    meaningful aviation maintenance education to become an
                    aviation mechanic or aviation maintenance technician,
                    including purchasing and operating equipment associated
                    with such curriculum;
                        ``(B) to support the professional development of
                    teachers using the curriculum described in subparagraph
                    (A);
                        ``(C) to establish or improve apprenticeship,
                    internship, or scholarship programs for individuals
                    pursuing employment in the aviation maintenance
                    industry;
                        ``(D) to support transition to aviation maintenance
                    careers, including for members of the Armed Forces; or
                        ``(E) to support robust outreach about careers in
                    the aviation maintenance industry, including outreach
                    to primary, secondary, and post-secondary school
                    students.
                ``(3) Aviation manufacturing program.--For purposes of the
            program established under subsection (a)(3), and eligible
            project is a project--
                        ``(A) to create and deliver curriculum that
                    provides high school and secondary school students with
                    meaningful aviation manufacturing education, including
                    teaching the technical skills used in the production of
                    components, parts, or systems thereof for inclusion in
                    an aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance;
                        ``(B) to support the professional development of
                    teachers using the curriculum described in subparagraph
                    (A);
                        ``(C) to establish apprenticeship, internship, or
                    scholarship programs for individuals pursuing
                    employment in the aviation manufacturing industry;
                        ``(D) to support transition to aviation
                    manufacturing careers, including for members of the
                    Armed Forces; or
                        ``(E) to support robust outreach about careers in
                    the aviation manufacturing industry, including outreach
                    to primary, secondary, and post-secondary school
                    students.''.
        (e) Reporting and Monitoring Requirements.--Section 625 of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(f) Reporting and Monitoring Requirements.--The Secretary shall
    establish reasonable reporting and monitoring requirements for grant
    recipients under this section to measure relevant outcomes for the
    grant programs established under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of
    subsection (a).
        ``(g) Notice of Grants.--
                ``(1) Timely public notice.--The Secretary shall provide
            public notice of any grant awarded under this section in a
            timely fashion after the Secretary awards such grant.
                ``(2) Notice to congress.--The Secretary shall provide to
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate advance notice of a grant to be
            made under this section.
        ``(h) Termination.--The authority of the Secretary to issue grants
    under this section shall terminate on September 30, 2026.''.

    SEC. 303. NATIONAL CENTER FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF AEROSPACE.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 120. National Center for the Advancement of Aerospace
        ``(a) Federal Charter and Status.--
                ``(1) In general.--The National Center for the Advancement
            of Aerospace (in this section referred to as the `Center') is a
            federally chartered entity which shall be incorporated in the
            District of Columbia. The Center is a private independent
            entity, not a department, agency, or instrumentality of the
            United States Government or a component thereof. Except as
            provided in subsection (f)(1), an officer or employee of the
            Center is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government.
                ``(2) Perpetual existence.--Except as otherwise provided,
            the Center shall have perpetual existence.
        ``(b) Governing Body.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Board of Directors (in this section
            referred to as the `Board') is the governing body of the
            Center.
                ``(2) Authority.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Board shall adopt bylaws,
                    policies, and procedures to carry out the purpose of
                    the Center and may take any other action that it
                    considers necessary (in accordance with the duties and
                    powers of the Center) for the management and operation
                    of the Center. The Board is responsible for the general
                    policies and management of the Center and for the
                    control of all funds of the Center.
                        ``(B) Powers of board.--The Board shall have the
                    power to do the following:
                                ``(i) Adopt and alter a corporate seal.
                                ``(ii) Establish and maintain offices to
                            conduct its activities.
                                ``(iii) Enter into contracts or agreements
                            as a private entity not subject to the
                            requirements of title 41.
                                ``(iv) Acquire, own, lease, encumber,
                            transfer, and dispose of property as necessary
                            and appropriate to carry out the purposes of
                            the Center.
                                ``(v) Publish documents and other
                            publications in a publicly accessible manner.
                                ``(vi) Incur and pay obligations as a
                            private entity not subject to the requirements
                            of title 31.
                                ``(vii) Perform any other act necessary and
                            proper to carry out the purposes of the Center
                            as described in its bylaws or duties outlined
                            in this section.
                ``(3) Membership of the board.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Board shall have 10
                    Directors as follows:
                                ``(i) Ex-officio membership.--The following
                            individuals, or their designees, shall be
                            considered ex-officio members of the Board:
                                        ``(I) The Administrator of the
                                    Federal Aviation Administration.
                                        ``(II) The Executive Director,
                                    pursuant to paragraph (5)(D).
                                ``(ii) Appointments.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--From among those
                                    members of the public who are highly
                                    respected and have exert knowledge and
                                    experience in the fields of aviation,
                                    finance, or academia--
                                                ``(aa) the Secretary of
                                            Transportation shall appoint 5
                                            members to the Board;
                                                ``(bb) the Secretary of
                                            Defense shall appoint 1 member
                                            to the Board;
                                                ``(cc) the Secretary of
                                            Veterans Affairs shall appoint
                                            1 member to the Board; and
                                                ``(dd) the Secretary of
                                            Education shall appoint 1
                                            member to the Board.
                                        ``(II) Terms.--
                                                ``(aa) In general.--The
                                            members appointed under
                                            subclause (I) shall serve for a
                                            term of 3 years and may be
                                            reappointed.
                                                ``(bb) Staggering terms.--
                                            The Board shall stagger the
                                            duration of the terms of the
                                            initial members appointed to
                                            promote the stability of the
                                            Board.
                        ``(B) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Board shall be
                    filled in the same manner as the initial appointment.
                        ``(C) Status.--All Members of the Board shall have
                    equal voting powers, regardless if they are ex-officio
                    members or appointed.
                ``(4) Chair of the board.--The Board shall choose a Chair
            of the Board from among the members of the Board that are not
            ex-officio members under paragraph (3)(A)(i).
                ``(5) Administrative matters.--
                        ``(A) Meetings.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Board shall meet at
                            the call of the Chair but not less than 2 times
                            each year and may, as appropriate, conduct
                            business by telephone or other electronic
                            means.
                                ``(ii) Open.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Except as
                                    provided in subclause (II), a meeting
                                    of the Board shall be open to the
                                    public.
                                        ``(II) Exception.--A meeting, or
                                    any portion of a meeting, may be closed
                                    if the Board, in public session, votes
                                    to close the meeting because the
                                    matters to be discussed--
                                                ``(aa) relate solely to the
                                            internal personnel rules,
                                            practices, and matters of the
                                            Center;
                                                ``(bb) may result in
                                            disclosure of commercial or
                                            financial information obtained
                                            from a person that is
                                            privileged or confidential;
                                                ``(cc) may disclose
                                            information of a personal
                                            nature where disclosure would
                                            constitute an unwarranted
                                            invasion of personal privacy;
                                            or
                                                ``(dd) are matters that are
                                            specifically exempted from
                                            disclosure by Federal or
                                            District of Columbia law.
                                ``(iii) Public announcement.--At least 1
                            week before a meeting of the Board, and as soon
                            as practicable thereafter if there are any
                            changes to the information described in
                            subclauses (I) through (III), the Board shall
                            make a public announcement of the meeting that
                            describes--
                                        ``(I) the time, place, and subject
                                    matter of the meeting;
                                        ``(II) whether the meeting is to be
                                    open or closed to the public; and
                                        ``(III) the name and appropriate
                                    contact information of a person who can
                                    respond to requests for information
                                    about the meeting.
                                ``(iv) Record.--The Board shall keep
                            minutes from each Board meeting. Such minutes
                            shall be made available to the public in an
                            accessible format, except for portions of the
                            meeting that are closed pursuant to
                            subparagraph (A)(ii)(II).
                        ``(B) Quorum.--A majority of members of the Board
                    shall constitute a quorum.
                        ``(C) Code of ethics.--The Board shall adopt a code
                    of ethics for Directors, officers, agents, and
                    employees of the Center to--
                                ``(i) prevent inappropriate conflicts of
                            interest and promote good employee conduct; and
                                ``(ii) at a minimum, prohibit any member of
                            the Board from participating in any proceeding,
                            application, ruling, or other determination,
                            contract claim, award, controversy, or other
                            matter in which the member, the member's
                            employer or prospective employer, or the
                            member's immediate family member has a direct
                            financial interest.
                        ``(D) Executive director.--The Board shall appoint
                    and fix the pay of an Executive Director of the Center
                    (in this section referred to as the `Executive
                    Director') who shall--
                                ``(i) serve as an ex officio Member of the
                            Board;
                                ``(ii) serve at the pleasure of the Board,
                            under such terms and conditions as the Board
                            shall establish;
                                ``(iii) is subject to removal by the Board
                            at the discretion of the Board; and
                                ``(iv) be responsible for the daily
                            management and operation of the Center and for
                            carrying out the purposes and duties of the
                            Center.
                        ``(E) Appointment of personnel.--The Board shall
                    delegate to the Executive Director the authority to
                    appoint additional personnel as the Board considers
                    appropriate and necessary to carry out the purposes and
                    duties of the Center.
                ``(6) Records.--The Board shall keep correct and complete
            records of accounts.
                ``(7) Public information.--With the exception of the
            matters described in subsection (b)(5)(A)(ii)(II), nothing in
            this section may be construed to withhold disclosure of
            information or records that are subject to disclosure under
            section 552 of title 5.
        ``(c) Purpose.--The purpose of the Center is to--
                ``(1) develop a skilled and robust aerospace workforce in
            the United States;
                ``(2) provide a forum to support collaboration and
            cooperation between governmental, nongovernmental, and private
            aerospace sector stakeholders regarding the advancement of the
            aerospace workforce, including general, business, and
            commercial aviation, education, labor, manufacturing,
            international organizations, and commercial space
            transportation organizations;
                ``(3) serve as a repository for research conducted by
            institutions of higher education, research institutions, or
            other stakeholders regarding the aerospace workforce and
            related technical and skill development.
                ``(4) serve as a centralized resource that provides
            comprehensive and relevant information sources on the
            following:
                        ``(A) Aviation pathway programs and professional
                    development opportunities.
                        ``(B) Aviation apprenticeship, scholarship, and
                    internship programs.
                        ``(C) Aviation-related curricula and resources
                    about aviation occupations and career pathways
                    developed for students, teachers, and guidance
                    counselors at all levels of education.
                        ``(D) Aviation industry organizations.
        ``(d) Duties.--In order to accomplish the purpose described in
    subsection (c), the Center shall perform the following duties:
                ``(1) Improve access to aerospace education and related
            skills training to help grow the U.S. aerospace workforce,
            including by--
                        ``(A) assessing the state of the aerospace
                    workforce, including challenges and identifying actions
                    to address such challenges;
                        ``(B) developing a comprehensive workforce strategy
                    to help coordinate workforce development initiatives;
                        ``(C) establishing or supporting apprenticeship,
                    scholarship, internship, and mentorship programs that
                    assist individuals who wish to pursue a career in an
                    aerospace-related field;
                        ``(D) supporting the development of aerospace
                    education curricula, including syllabi, training
                    materials, and lesson plans, for use by an institution
                    of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the
                    Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), a
                    postsecondary vocational institution (as defined in
                    section 102(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1002)), or a high school or secondary school (as
                    such terms are defined in section 8101 of the
                    Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 7801)); and
                        ``(E) building awareness of youth-oriented
                    aerospace programs and other robust outreach programs,
                    including for primary, secondary, and post-secondary
                    school students.
                        ``(F) supporting the professional development of
                    teachers using the curricula, syllabi, training
                    materials, and lesson plans described in subparagraph
                    (D); and
                        ``(G) developing an array of educational and
                    informative aviation-related educational activities and
                    materials for students of varying ages and levels of
                    education to use in the classroom and at home.
                ``(2) Support personnel or veterans of the Armed Forces
            seeking to transition to a career in aerospace through
            outreach, training, scholarships, apprenticeships, or other
            means.
                ``(3) Amplify and support the work carried out at the
            Centers of Excellence and Technical Centers of the Federal
            Aviation Administration regarding the aerospace workforce, or
            related technical and skills advancement, including organizing
            and hosting symposiums, conferences, and other forums as
            appropriate.
                ``(4) Administer on behalf of the Secretary of the
            Department of Transportation the Cooperative Aviation
            Recruitment, Enrichment, and Employment Readiness Program
            established by subsection (a) of 40131.
        ``(e) Duty to Maintain Tax-exempt Status.--The Center shall be
    operated in a manner and for purposes that qualify the Center for
    exemption from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code as an
    organization described in section 501(c)(3) of such Code.
        ``(f) Administrative Matters of Center.--
                ``(1) Detailees.--
                        ``(A) In general.--At the request of the Center,
                    the head of any Federal agency or department may, at
                    the discretion of such agency or department, detail to
                    the Center, on a reimbursable basis, an employee of the
                    agency or department.
                        ``(B) Civil servant status.--The detail of an
                    employee under subparagraph (A) shall be without
                    interruption or loss of civil service status or
                    privilege.
                ``(2) Names and symbols.--The Center may accept, retain,
            and use proceeds derived from the Center's use of the exclusive
            right to use its name and seal, emblems, and badges
            incorporating such name as lawfully adopted by the Board in
            furtherance of the purpose and duties of the Center.
                ``(3) Gifts, grants, bequests, and devises.--The Center may
            accept, retain, use, and dispose of gifts, grants, bequests, or
            devises of money, services, or property from any public or
            private source for the purpose of covering the costs incurred
            by the Center in furtherance of the purpose and duties of the
            Center.
                ``(4) Voluntary services.--The Center may accept voluntary
            services from any person that are provided in furtherance of
            the purpose and duties of the Center.
        ``(g) Restrictions.--
                ``(1) Profit.--The Center may not engage in business
            activity for profit.
                ``(2) Stocks and dividends.--The Center may not issue any
            shares of stock or declare or pay any dividends.
                ``(3) Political activities.--The Center shall be
            nonpolitical and may not provide financial aid or assistance
            to, or otherwise contribute to or promote the candidacy of, any
            individual seeking elective public office or political party.
            The Center may not engage in activities that are, directly, or
            indirectly, intended to be or likely to be perceived as
            advocating or influencing the legislative process.
                ``(4) Distribution of income or assets.--The assets of the
            Center may not inure to the benefit of any member of the Board,
            or any officer or employee of the Center or be distributed to
            any person. This paragraph does not prevent the payment of
            reasonable compensation to any officer, employee, or other
            person or reimbursement for actual and necessary expenses in
            amounts approved by the Board.
                ``(5) Loans.--The Center may not make a loan to any member
            of the Board or any officer or employee of the Center.
                ``(6) No claim of governmental approval or authority.--
            Except as otherwise provided by section 40131, the Center may
            not claim approval of Congress or of the authority of the
            United States for any of its activities.
        ``(h) Advisory Committee.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Executive Director shall appoint
            members to an advisory committee subject to approval by the
            Board. Members of the Board may not sit on the advisory
            committee.
                ``(2) Membership.--The advisory committee shall consist of
            not more than 15 members who represent various aviation
            industry and labor stakeholders, stakeholder associations, and
            others as determined appropriate by the Board. The advisory
            committee shall select a Chair and Vice Chair from among its
            members by majority vote.
                ``(3) Duties.--The advisory committee shall--
                        ``(A) provide recommendations to the Board on an
                    annual basis regarding the priorities for the
                    activities of the Center;
                        ``(B) consult with the Board on an ongoing basis
                    regarding the appropriate powers of the Board to
                    accomplish the purposes and duties of the Center; and
                        ``(C) provide relevant data and information to the
                    Center in order to carry out the duties set forth in
                    subsection (d).
                ``(4) Meetings.--The provisions for meetings of the Board
            under subsection (b)(5) shall apply as similarly as is
            practicable to meetings of the advisory committee.
        ``(i) Working Groups.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Board may establish working groups
            as determined necessary and appropriate to achieve the purpose
            of the Center under subsection (c).
                ``(2) Membership.--Any working group established by the
            Board shall be composed of private sector representatives,
            stakeholder associations, members of the public, labor
            representatives, and other relevant parties, as determined
            appropriate by the Board. Once established, the membership of
            such working group shall choose a Chair from among the members
            of the working group by majority vote.
        ``(j) CAREER Council.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than September 30, 2026,
            the Executive Director, in coordination with the Secretary,
            shall establish a council (in this section referred to as the
            `CAREER Council') for the CAREER Program established under
            section 40131.
                ``(2) Duties.--The CAREER Council shall aid the Secretary
            and the Center in carrying out the CAREER Program by reviewing
            grant applications and recommending grant recipients.
                ``(3) Appointment.--The CAREER Council shall be appointed
            from candidates nominated by national associations representing
            various sectors of the aviation industry, including--
                        ``(A) general aviation;
                        ``(B) commercial aviation;
                        ``(C) aviation labor, including collective
                    bargaining representatives of Federal Aviation
                    Administration aviation safety inspectors, aviation
                    safety engineers, and air traffic controllers;
                        ``(D) aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul;
                    and
                        ``(E) unmanned aviation.
                ``(4) Term.--Each council member appointed under paragraph
            (3) shall serve a term of 4 years.
        ``(k) Annual Report.--The Board shall submit an annual report to
    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate that, at minimum, includes a review and
    examination of--
                ``(1) the activities performed as set forth in subsection
            (d) during the prior fiscal year;
                ``(2) the advisory committee described in subsection (h);
                ``(3) the working groups described in subsection (i); and
                ``(4) the Cooperative Aviation Recruitment, Enrichment, and
            Employment Readiness Program and related activities established
            under section 40131, including activities of the CAREER Council
            established under subsection (j).
        ``(l) Audit by Department of Transportation Inspector General.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date on
            which the Center is established under subsection (a), the
            inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall
            conduct a review of the Center.
                ``(2) Contents.--The review shall--
                        ``(A) include, at a minimum, an evaluation of the
                    efforts taken at the Center to achieve the purpose set
                    forth in subsection (c); and
                        ``(B) provide any other information that the
                    inspector general determines is appropriate.
                ``(3) Report on audit.--
                        ``(A) Report to secretary.--Not later than 30 days
                    after the date of completion of the audit, the
                    inspector general shall submit to the Secretary a
                    report on the results of the audit.
                        ``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days
                    after the date of receipt of the report under
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to the
                    appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the
                    report, together with, if appropriate, a description of
                    any actions taken or to be taken to address the results
                    of the audit.
        ``(m) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the National Center for the Advancement of Aerospace
    out of the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to carry out this section--
                ``(1) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(2) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(3) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                ``(4) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                ``(5) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
    section 119 the following:

    ``120. National Center for the Advancement of Aerospace.''.

    SEC. 304. COOPERATIVE AVIATION RECRUITMENT, ENRICHMENT, AND EMPLOYMENT
                  READINESS PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 401 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 40131. Cooperative Aviation Recruitment, Enrichment, and
                  Employment Readiness Program
        ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than September 30, 2026, the
    Secretary of Transportation, through the National Center for the
    Advancement of Aerospace (in this section referred to as the `Center'),
    shall establish an aviation workforce cooperative development program
    to be known as the Cooperative Aviation Recruitment, Enrichment, and
    Employment Readiness Program (in this section referred to as the
    `CAREER Program') to support the education, recruitment, training, and
    retention of future aviation professionals, including veterans of the
    Armed Forces, and the development of a robust United States aviation
    workforce by--
                ``(1) using relevant workforce forecasts to predict and
            identify aviation-related workforce challenges; and
                ``(2) funding projects that address such challenges and
            help to sustain the long-term growth of civil aviation.
        ``(b) Implementation.--
                ``(1) Partnership with ncaa.--In implementing the CAREER
            Program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
            partner with the CAREER Council established in subsection (j)
            of section 120.
                ``(2) Nondelegation.--Except as provided in paragraph (3),
            the Secretary may not delegate any of the authorities or
            responsibilities under this section to the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration.
                ``(3) Support.--To support the administration of the CAREER
            Program, the Secretary may assign employees of the Department
            of Transportation, including employees of the Federal Aviation
            Administration, on detail to the Center.
        ``(c) Solicitation, Review, and Evaluation Process.--In carrying
    out the CAREER Program, the Secretary shall establish a solicitation,
    review, and evaluation process that ensures funds made available to
    carry out this section are awarded to eligible entities with proposals
    that have adequate merit and relevancy to the mission of the program.
        ``(d) Eligible Entities.--An eligible entity under this section
    is--
                ``(1) an air carrier;
                ``(2) an entity that holds management specifications under
            subpart K of title 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                ``(3) a holder of a certificate issued under parts 139,
            145, or 147 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                ``(4) an institution of higher education (as defined in
            section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
            1001)), a postsecondary vocational institution (as defined in
            section 102(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
            1002)), or a high school or secondary school (as such terms are
            defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
            Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801));
                ``(5) a flight school that provides flight training, as
            defined in part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or
            that holds a pilot school certificate under part 141 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                ``(6) an aviation labor organization;
                ``(7) a State, local, territorial, or Tribal government,
            including a political subdivision thereof;
                ``(8) an aviation-related nonprofit organization described
            in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 that
            is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code;
                ``(9) an entity that--
                        ``(A) actively designs or manufactures any
                    aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance, or
                    a component, part, or system thereof, covered under a
                    type or production certificate issued under section
                    44704; and
                        ``(B) has significant operations in the United
                    States and a majority of the employees of such entity
                    that are engaged in aviation manufacturing or
                    development activities and services are based in the
                    United States; or
                ``(10) a non-profit organization described in section
            501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 that is exempt
            from taxation under 501(a) of such Code that assists veterans
            of the Armed Forces seeking to transition to careers in civil
            aviation.
        ``(e) Reporting and Monitoring Requirements.--The Secretary shall
    establish reasonable reporting and monitoring requirements for grant
    recipients under this section to measure relevant outcomes of the
    program maintained pursuant to subsection (a).
        ``(f) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2027, and annually
    through fiscal year 2028, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate a report on the program that includes--
                ``(1) a summary of projects awarded grants under this
            section and the progress of each recipient towards fulfilling
            program expectations;
                ``(2) an evaluation of how such projects cumulatively
            impact the future supply of individuals in the U.S. aviation
            workforce, including best practices or programs to incentivize,
            recruit, and retain individuals in aviation professions;
                ``(3) recommendations for better coordinating actions by
            governmental entities, educational institutions, and
            businesses, aviation labor organizations, or other stakeholders
            to support aviation workforce growth; and
                ``(4) a review of how many recipients engaged veteran
            populations and how many veterans were recruited and retrained
            as part of the aviation workforce.
        ``(g) Notice of Grants.--
                ``(1) Timely public notice.--The Secretary shall provide
            public notice of any grant awarded under the CAREER Program in
            a timely fashion after the Secretary awards such grant.
                ``(2) Notice to congress.--The Secretary shall provide
            advance notice of a grant to be made under the CAREER Program
            to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
            House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
        ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts made
    available under section 48105, $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years
    2027 and 2028 is authorized to be expended to provide grants under the
    program established under subsection (a).''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 401 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``40131. Cooperative Aviation Recruitment, Enrichment, and Employment
                                Readiness Program.''.

    SEC. 305. REPEAL OF DUPLICATIVE OR OBSOLETE WORKFORCE PROGRAMS.

        (a) Repeal.--Sections 44510 and 44515 of title 49, United States
    Code, are repealed.
        (b) Clerical Amendments.--The analysis for chapter 445 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the items relating to
    sections 44510 and 44515.

    SEC. 306. CIVIL AIRMEN STATISTICS.

        (a) Publication Frequency.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall publish the study commonly referred to as
    the ``U.S. Civil Airmen Statistics'' on a monthly basis.
        (b) Presentation of Data.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall establish a web-based dashboard
            for purposes of presenting the findings of the study described
            in subsection (a).
                (2) Downloadable format.--The Administrator shall make the
            data publicly available on the website of the Administration in
            a downloadable format.
        (c) Expanded Data Criteria.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that data sets
    and tables published as part of the study described in subsection (a)
    display information relating to the sex of certificate holders in more
    instances.
        (d) Historical Data.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make all previously
    published annual data from the study described in subsection (a)
    available on the website of the Administration.

    SEC. 307. BESSIE COLEMAN WOMEN IN AVIATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish
    a Bessie Coleman Women in Aviation Advisory Committee (hereinafter
    referred to as the ``Committee'').
        (b) Purpose.--The Committee shall advise the Secretary and the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on matters and
    policies related to the recruitment, retention, employment, education,
    training, well-being, and treatment of women in the aviation industry
    and aviation-focused Federal civil service positions.
        (c) Form of Directives.--All activities carried out by the
    Committee, including special committees, shall be in response to
    written terms of reference or taskings from the Secretary and may not
    duplicate the objectives of the Air Carrier Training Aviation
    Rulemaking Committee.
        (d) Functions.--In carrying out the directives described in
    subsection (c), the functions of the Committee are as follows:
                (1) Foster industry collaboration in an open and
            transparent manner by engaging, as prescribed by this section,
            representatives of the private sector associated with an entity
            described in subsection (e)(1)(B).
                (2) Make recommendations for strategic objectives,
            priorities, and policies that would improve the recruitment,
            retention, and training of women in aviation professions.
                (3) Evaluate opportunities for the Administration to
            improve the recruitment and retention of women in the
            Administration.
        (e) Membership.--
                (1) Voting members.--The Advisory Committee shall be
            composed of the following members:
                        (A) The Administrator, or the designee of the
                    Administrator.
                        (B) At least 25 individuals, appointed by the
                    Secretary, representing the following:
                                (i) Transport aircraft and engine
                            manufacturers.
                                (ii) General aviation aircraft and engine
                            manufacturers.
                                (iii) Avionics and equipment manufacturers.
                                (iv) Public and private aviation labor
                            organizations, including collective bargaining
                            representatives of--
                                        (I) aviation safety inspectors and
                                    safety engineers of the Federal
                                    Aviation Administration;
                                        (II) air traffic controllers;
                                        (III) certified aircraft
                                    maintenance technicians; and
                                        (IV) commercial airline pilots.
                                (v) General aviation operators.
                                (vi) Air carriers.
                                (vii) Business aviation operators.
                                (viii) Unmanned aircraft systems
                            manufacturers and operators.
                                (ix) Aviation safety management experts.
                                (x) Aviation maintenance, repair, and
                            overhaul entities.
                                (xi) Airport owners and operators.
                                (xii) Advanced air mobility manufacturers
                            and operators.
                                (xiii) Institutions of higher education (as
                            defined in section 101 of the Higher Education
                            Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), a postsecondary
                            vocational institution (as defined in section
                            102(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                            U.S.C. 1002)), or a high school or secondary
                            school (as such terms are defined in section
                            8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education
                            Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)).
                                (xiv) A flight school that provides flight
                            training, as defined in part 61 of title 14,
                            Code of Federal Regulations, or that holds a
                            pilot school certificate under part 141 of
                            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                                (xv) Aviation maintenance technician
                            schools governed under part 147 of title 14,
                            Code of Federal Regulations.
                (2) Nonvoting members.--
                        (A) In general.--In addition to the members
                    appointed under paragraph (1), the Committee shall be
                    composed of not more than 5 nonvoting members appointed
                    by the Secretary from among officers or employees of
                    the FAA.
                        (B) Duties.--The nonvoting members may--
                                (i) take part in deliberations of the
                            Committee; and
                                (ii) provide subject matter expertise with
                            respect to reports and recommendations of the
                            Committee.
                        (C) Limitation.--The nonvoting members may not
                    represent any stakeholder interest other than that of
                    the FAA.
                (3) Terms.--Each voting member and nonvoting member of the
            Committee appointed by the Secretary shall be appointed for a
            term of 4 years.
                (4) Committee characteristics.--The Committee shall have
            the following characteristics:
                        (A) The ability to obtain necessary information
                    from additional experts in the aviation and aerospace
                    communities.
                        (B) A membership size that enables the Committee to
                    have substantive discussions and reach consensus on
                    issues in a timely manner.
                        (C) Appropriate expertise, including expertise in
                    human resources, human capital management, policy,
                    labor relations, employment training, workforce
                    development, and youth outreach.
        (f) Chairperson.--
                (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall be
            appointed by the Secretary from among the voting members of the
            Committee under subsection (e)(1)(B).
                (2) Term.--The Chairperson shall serve a 2-year term.
        (g) Meetings.--
                (1) Frequency.--The Committee shall meet at least twice
            each year at the call of the Chairperson or the Secretary.
                (2) Public attendance.--The meetings of the Committee shall
            be open and accessible to the public.
        (h) Special Committees.--
                (1) Establishment.--The Committee may establish special
            committees composed of private sector representatives, members
            of the public, labor representatives, and other relevant
            parties in complying with the consultation and participation
            requirements under subsection (d).
                (2) Authorities.--A special committee established by the
            Committee may provide rulemaking advice, recommendations, and
            additional opportunities to obtain firsthand information to the
            Committee with respect to issues regarding the advancement of
            women in aviation.
                (3) Applicable law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to a
            special committee established by the Committee.
        (i) Personnel Matters.--
                (1) No compensation of members.--
                        (A) Non-federal employees.--A member of the
                    Committee who is not an officer or employee of the
                    Federal Government shall serve without compensation.
                        (B) Federal employees.--A member of the Committee
                    who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government
                    shall serve without compensation in addition to the
                    compensation received for the services of the member as
                    an officer or employee of the Federal Government.
                (2) Travel expenses.--The members of the Committee shall be
            allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
            subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies
            under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States
            Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business
            in the performance of services for the Committee.
        (j) Reports.--The Committee shall submit to the Secretary, the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report upon completion of each tasking
    summarizing the Committee's--
                (1) findings and associated recommendations to improve the
            advancement of women in aviation; and
                (2) planned activities of the Committee, as tasked by the
            Secretary, and proposed terms of work to fulfill each activity.
        (k) Sunset.--The Committee shall terminate on the last day of the
    8-year period beginning on the date of the initial appointment of the
    members of the Committee.
        (l) FAA Defined.--In this section, the term ``FAA'' means the
    Federal Aviation Administration.

    SEC. 308. ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE WEB-BASED AVIATION RESOURCE
                  CENTER.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall partner with the National Center for the Advancement of Aerospace
    (in this section referred to as the ``Center'') to establish a high-
    quality, web-based resource center that provides stream-lined public
    access to information sources on the following:
                (1) Aviation pathway programs and professional development
            opportunities.
                (2) Aviation apprenticeship, scholarship, and internship
            programs.
                (3) Aviation-related curricula and resources about aviation
            occupations and career pathways developed for students,
            teachers, and guidance counselors at all levels of education.
                (4) Aviation industry organizations.
        (b) Leveraging FAA Education, Research, and Partnership Programs.--
    In carrying out subsection (a)(3), the Administrator and the Executive
    Director of the Center, in partnership with museums, nonprofit
    organizations, and commercial entities, shall, to the maximum extent
    practicable, leverage field and regional offices of the Federal
    Aviation Administration, the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, the
    William J. Hughes Technical Center for Advanced Aerospace, Air
    Transportation Centers of Excellence, and the Aviation and Space
    Education program of the Federal Aviation Administration to develop an
    array of educational and informative aviation-related educational
    activities and materials for students of varying ages and levels of
    education to use in the classroom, for after-school programs and at
    home.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 2 year after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Technology of the Senate on--
                (1) the web-based aviation resource center established
            under subsection (a); and
                (2) the manner in which the education development and
            engagement activities of the Federal Aviation Administration
            are organized and funded.

    SEC. 309. DIRECT HIRE AUTHORITY FROM UAS COLLEGIATE TRAINING
                  INITIATIVE.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration may hire individuals from eligible institutions of
    higher education under the Unmanned Aircraft System Collegiate Training
    Initiative (in this section referred to as ``UAS CTI''), as established
    in section 632 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101
    note), without regard to--
                (1) sections 3309 through 3318 of title 5, United States
            Code;
                (2) part 211 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                (3) subpart A of part 337 of title 5, Code of Federal
            Regulations.
        (b) Eligibility.--Individuals eligible for employment by the
    Administrator under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) be in good standing or have graduated in good standing
            from an institution of higher education with a signed
            memorandum of understanding under the UAS CTI;
                (2) hold or have completed the majority of a related
            Bachelors or Associates degree, as described by the eligibility
            requirements of the UAS CTI;
                (3) have completed all requirements for a related minor,
            concentration, or certificate, as described by the eligibility
            requirements of the UAS CTI; or
                (4) meet any other criteria as considered appropriate by
            the Administrator.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Institution of higher education.--The term
            ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such
            term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
            U.S.C. 1001).
                (2) Good standing.--The term ``good standing'' means in
            good standing, as determined by the applicable institution of
            higher education.
        (d) Sunset.--The authority of the Administrator under this section
    shall terminate on September 30, 2028.

         Subtitle B--Improving Training and Rebuilding Talent Pipelines

    SEC. 311. JOINT AVIATION EMPLOYMENT TRAINING WORKING GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish
    an interagency working group (in this section referred to as the
    ``working group'') to advise the Secretary of Transportation and the
    Secretary of Defense on matters and policies related to the training
    and certification of a covered aviation professional to improve career
    transition between the military and civilian workforces.
        (b) Membership.--
                (1) In general.--The working group shall consist of--
                        (A) 2 co-chairs described in paragraph (2);
                        (B) not less than 6 representatives of the Federal
                    Aviation Administration, to be appointed by the co-
                    chair described in paragraph (2)(A); and
                        (C) not less than 1 representative of each
                    component of the armed forces (as such term is defined
                    in section 101 of title 10, United States Code), to be
                    appointed by the co-chair described in paragraph
                    (2)(B).
                (2) Co-chairs.--The working group shall be co-chaired by--
                        (A) a representative of the Department of
                    Transportation, to be appointed by the Secretary of
                    Transportation; and
                        (B) a representative of the Department of Defense,
                    to be appointed by the Secretary of Defense.
        (c) Activities.--The working group shall--
                (1) evaluate and compare all regulatory requirements,
            guidance, and orders affecting covered aviation professionals
            and identify challenges that inhibit recruitment, training, and
            retention within the respective workforces of such
            professionals; and
                (2) assess appropriate areas for increased interagency
            information sharing and harmonization across workforces on
            matters related to certification pathways and certification
            requirements, including knowledge testing, affecting covered
            aviation professionals.
        (d) Initial Report to Congress.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date on
            which the Secretary of Transportation establishes the working
            group, the working group shall submit to the appropriate
            committees of Congress an initial report on the activities of
            the working group.
                (2) Contents.--The report required under paragraph (1)
            shall include--
                        (A) a detailed description of the findings of the
                    working group pursuant to the activities required under
                    subsection (c); and
                        (B) recommendations for regulatory, policy, or
                    legislative action to improve the training and
                    certification of covered aviation professionals across
                    the civilian and military workforces.
        (e) Annual Reporting.--Not later than 1 year after the date on
    which the working group submits the initial report under subsection
    (d), and annually thereafter, the working group shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report--
                (1) describing the continued activities of the working
            group;
                (2) describing any progress made by the Secretary of
            Transportation or Secretary of Defense in implementing the
            recommendations described in subsection (d)(2)(B); and
                (3) containing any other recommendations the working group
            may have with respect to efforts to improve the employment and
            training of covered aviation professionals in the civilian and
            military workforces.
        (f) Sunset.--The working group shall terminate on the date that is
    4 years after the date on which the working group submits the initial
    report to Congress pursuant to subsection (d).
        (g) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
            ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                        (A) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of
                    Representatives;
                        (B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
                        (C) the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and
                        (D) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                    Transportation of the Senate.
                (2) Covered aviation profession.--The term ``covered
            aviation professional'' means--
                        (A) an airman;
                        (B) an aircraft maintenance and repair technician;
                        (C) an air traffic controller; and
                        (D) any other aviation-related professional that
                    has comparable tasks and duties across the civilian and
                    military workforces, as determined jointly by the co-
                    chairs of the working group.

    SEC. 312. AIRMAN KNOWLEDGE TESTING WORKING GROUP.

        (a) Working Group.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall task the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee to
    establish a working group to review knowledge testing processes and
    procedures to improve the facilitation, administration, and
    accessibility of knowledge tests.
        (b) Activities.--The working group established pursuant to
    subsection (a) shall--
                (1) assess methods to increase knowledge testing capacity,
            including through--
                        (A) the adoption of alternative proctoring methods;
                    and
                        (B) increased utilization of pilot schools that
                    hold a pilot school certificate under part 141 of title
                    14, Code of Federal Regulations, and aviation
                    maintenance technician schools governed under part 147
                    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) evaluate the following:
                        (A) The management and provision of knowledge tests
                    by testing centers.
                        (B) The testing registration process for students.
                        (C) Student access to knowledge tests.
                        (D) Fees associated with knowledge tests.
                        (E) The accuracy of public sample knowledge tests
                    available to students.
                        (F) Development and maintenance of knowledge tests
                    and forms.
        (c) Mechanic General Knowledge Test.--In addition to the activities
    under subsection (b), the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee shall
    task the working group established pursuant to subsection (a) with
    assessing opportunities to allow a high school student upon successful
    completion of an aviation maintenance curriculum to take the general
    written knowledge portion of the mechanic exam described in section
    65.75 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, at an Administration-
    approved testing center.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the Aviation Rulemaking
    Advisory Committee tasks the working group under subsection (a), the
    working group shall submit to the Administrator a final report making
    recommendations to improve the facilitation, administration, and
    accessibility of knowledge tests.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) High school.--The term ``high school'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
            Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
                (2) Knowledge test.--The term ``knowledge test'' means a
            test prescribed under parts 61 and 65 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations.
                (3) Secondary school.--The term ``secondary school'' has
            the meaning given such term in section 8101 of the Elementary
            and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).

    SEC. 313. AIRMAN CERTIFICATION SYSTEM WORKING GROUP AND TIMELY
                  PUBLICATION OF STANDARDS.

        (a) Working Group.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall task the Airman Certification System Working Group
    established under the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee of the
    Administration to review Airman Certification Standards to ensure that
    airman proficiency and knowledge correlates and corresponds to
    regulations, procedures, equipment, aviation infrastructure, and safety
    trends at the time of such review.
        (b) ACS Publication.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall publish on the website of the Administration--
                (1) the process by which the Airman Certification Standards
            are to be established, updated, and maintained;
                (2) the process by which relevant guidance documents,
            handbooks, and test materials associated with such standards
            are to be established, updated, and maintained; and
                (3) any anticipated or required updates to such standards,
            including providing a date by which such modifications can be
            expected to be completed and made available to the public.

    SEC. 314. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL WORKFORCE STAFFING.

        (a) Responsibility for Controller Workforce Plan.--
                (1) Air traffic controller staffing initiatives and
            analysis.--Section 221 of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation
            Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 44506 note) is amended by
            striking ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration'' and inserting ``Chief Operating Officer of the
            Air Traffic Organization of the Federal Aviation
            Administration''.
                (2) Staffing report.--Section 44506(e) of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended in the matter before paragraph (1) by
            striking ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration'' and inserting ``Chief Operating Officer of the
            Air Traffic Organization of the Federal Aviation
            Administration''.
        (b) Maximum Hiring.--Subject to the availability of appropriations,
    for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall set as the hiring target for new
    air traffic controllers (excluding individuals described in section
    44506(f)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code) the maximum number of
    individuals able to be trained at the Federal Aviation Administration
    Academy.
        (c) Hiring and Staffing.--The Chief Operating Officer of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall revise the air traffic control
    hiring plans and staffing standards of the Administration to--
                (1) provide that the controller and management workforce is
            adequately staffed to safely and efficiently manage and oversee
            the air traffic control system to the satisfaction of the Chief
            Operating Officer;
                (2) account for the target number of certified professional
            controllers able to control traffic at each independent
            facility; and
                (3) avoid any required or requested reduction of national
            airspace system capacity or aircraft operations as a result of
            inadequate air traffic control system staffing.
        (d) Interim Adoption of Collaborative Resource Workgroup Models.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (c) and in
            submitting a Controller Workforce Plan of the Administration
            published after the date of enactment of this Act, the Chief
            Operating Officer shall adopt and utilize the staffing models
            and methodologies developed by the Collaborative Resource
            Workgroup that were recommended in a report submitted to the
            Administrator and referenced in the Controller Workforce Plan
            submitted to Congress on May 5, 2023.
                (2) Sunset.--The requirement under paragraph (1) shall
            cease to be effective upon the adoption of a staffing model
            required under subsection (f).
        (e) Assessment.--
                (1) Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into an
            agreement with the Transportation Research Board to--
                        (A) compare the Administration's staffing models
                    and methodologies in determining staffing standards
                    targets with those developed by the Collaborative
                    Resource Workgroup, including--
                                (ii) the availability factor multiplier and
                            other formula components; and
                                (iii) the independent facility staffing
                            targets of certified professional controllers
                            able to control traffic; and
                        (B) assess future needs of the air traffic control
                    system and potential impacts on staffing standards.
                (2) Report.--
                        (A) Findings.--In carrying out this subsection, the
                    Transportation Research Board shall--
                                (i) report to the Administrator and
                            Congress on the findings of the review under
                            this subsection; and
                                (ii) determine which staffing models and
                            methodologies best accounts for the operational
                            staffing needs of the air traffic control
                            system and provide a justification for such
                            determination.
                        (B) Modifications to identified model.--The
                    Transportation Research Board may make recommendations
                    to improve the staffing model described in (2)(A)(ii).
                (3) Consultation.--In conducting the assessment under this
            subsection, the Transportation Research Board shall consult
            with--
                        (A) exclusive bargaining representatives of air
                    traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of
                    title 5, United States Code;
                        (B) Administration officials and executives;
                        (C) front line managers of the air traffic control
                    system;
                        (D) managers and employees responsible for training
                    air traffic controllers;
                        (E) the MITRE Corporation;
                        (F) the Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic
                    Organization of the Federal Aviation Administration;
                    and
                        (G) users of the air traffic control system.
        (f) Required Implementation of Identified Staffing Model.--The
    Administrator shall take such action that may be necessary to adopt and
    utilize the staffing model identified by the Transportation Research
    Board pursuant to subsection (e)(2)(A)(ii), including any
    recommendations for improving such model.
        (g) Controller Training.--In any Controller Workforce Plan of the
    Administration published after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Chief Operating Officer shall--
                (1) identify all limiting factors on the Administration's
            ability to hire and train controllers in line with the staffing
            standards target set out in such Plan; and
                (2) describe what actions the Administration will take to
            rectify any impediments to meeting staffing standards targets
            and identify contributing factors that are outside the control
            of the Administration.

    SEC. 315. AVIATION SAFETY WORKFORCE ASSESSMENT.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall assess, on a recurring basis, staffing levels,
    critical competencies, and skills gaps of safety critical positions in
    the Flight Standards Service and Aircraft Certification Service and
    within other offices of the Administration that support such services.
        (b) Considerations.--In completing the assessment described in
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
                (1) evaluate the workload at the time of the assessment,
            historic workload, and estimated future workload of such
            personnel;
                (2) conduct a critical competency and skills gap analysis
            to determine the knowledge and skill sets needed for work at
            the time of the assessment and anticipated work, with an
            emphasis on work pertaining to--
                        (A) new and novel aircraft propulsion and power
                    methods;
                        (B) simplified vehicle operations and human
                    factors; and
                        (C) autonomy, machine learning, and artificial
                    intelligence;
                (3) compare the outcome of such analysis described in
            paragraph (2) to the competency and skills of the workforce at
            the time of the assessment; and
                (4) review opportunities for employees of the
            Administration to gain or enhance expertise, knowledge, skills,
            and abilities through cooperative training with appropriate
            companies and organizations; and
                (5) develop hiring and recruitment plans to--
                        (A) address hard to fill positions; and
                        (B) address competency and skill gaps at various
                    levels of experience and management within Flight
                    Standards Service and Aircraft Certification Service.
        (c) Report.--Upon completion of an assessment described in
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report detailing the following:
                (1) The methodology and findings of the assessment
            described in subsection (a), including an analysis of hiring
            authorities of the Administration at the time of the
            assessment, including direct hiring authorities, by occupation
            series for inspector, engineer, and other safety critical
            positions within Flight Standards Service and Aircraft
            Certification Service.
                (2) Action based recommendations the Administration can
            take to improve--
                        (A) the Aviation Safety Workforce Plan;
                        (B) the skill sets and competencies of inspectors,
                    engineers, and other safety critical positions at the
                    time of the assessment;
                        (C) competition with industry and other non-
                    aviation sectors for candidates with identified
                    competencies and technical skill sets; and
                        (D) overall hiring and retention of inspectors,
                    engineers, and other critical positions.
                (3) Actions Congress can take to improve the recruitment,
            hiring, upskilling, and retention of inspectors, engineers, and
            other safety critical positions in Flight Standards Service and
            Aircraft Certification Service and within other offices of the
            Administration that support such services.
        (d) Safety Critical Position Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``safety critical position'' means--
                (1) an aviation safety inspector, an aviation safety
            specialist (denoted by the Administration as 1801 series), an
            aviation safety technician, and an operations support position
            in the Flight Standards Service; and
                (2) a manufacturing safety inspector, a pilots, an
            engineer, a Chief Scientist Technical Advisor, an aviation
            safety specialist (denoted by the Administration as 1801
            series), a safety technical specialist, and an operational
            support position in the Aircraft Certification Service.

    SEC. 316. MILITARY AVIATION MAINTENANCE.

        (a) Streamlined Certification for Eligible Military Maintenance
    Technicians.--Not later than 1 year after the interagency working group
    in section 311 of this Act is convened, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall task such working group with
    evaluating the appropriateness of revising part 65 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, to--
                (1) create a mechanic written competency test for eligible
            military maintenance technicians;
                (2) develop, as necessary, a relevant Airman Certification
            Standard to qualify eligible military maintenance technicians
            for a mechanic certificate issued by the Federal Aviation
            Administration with an airframe rating or a powerplant rating,
            or both; and
                (3) allow a certificate of eligibility from the Joint
            Services Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Council
            (in this section referred to as the ``JSAMTCC'') evidencing
            completion of a training curriculum for any rating sought to
            serve as a substitute to fulfill the requirement under such
            part 65 for oral and practical tests administered by a
            designated mechanic examiner for eligible military maintenance
            technicians.
        (b) Final Rule.--If the working group finds that revising part 65
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, as described in section (a)
    is appropriate, not later than 1 year after the finding, the
    Administrator shall issue a final rule that revises part 65 of title
    14, Code of Federal Regulations, as described in subsection (a).
        (c) Aeronautical Knowledge Subject Areas.--
                (1) In general.--The military mechanic written competency
            test and Airman Certification Standard described in subsection
            (a)(1) and subsection (a)(2), respectively, shall focus on the
            aeronautical knowledge subject areas contained in the Aviation
            Mechanic General, Airframe, and Powerplant Airman Certificate
            Standards, as appropriate to the rating sought.
                (2) Identification of subject areas.--The aeronautical
            knowledge subject areas described in paragraph (1) shall be
            identified in consultation with industry stakeholders and the
            Airman Certification System Working Group.
        (d) Expansion of Testing Locations.--The interagency working group
    described in subsection (a) shall determine whether an expansion of the
    number of active testing locations operated within military
    installation testing centers would increase access to testing, as well
    as how to implement such expansion.
        (e) Outreach and Awareness.--The interagency working group
    described in subsection (a) shall develop a plan to increase outreach
    and awareness regarding--
                (1) the services made available by the JSAMTCC; and
                (2) the military mechanic written competency test described
            in subsection (a), if appropriate.
        (f) Eligible Military Maintenance Technician Defined.--In this
    section, the term ``eligible military maintenance technician'' means an
    individual who is a current or former military aviation maintenance
    technician who was honorably discharged or has retired from the armed
    forces (as such term is defined in section 101 of title 10, United
    States Code).

                Subtitle C--Engaging and Retaining the Workforce

    SEC. 321. AIRMAN'S MEDICAL BILL OF RIGHTS.

        (a) In General.--
                (1) Development.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall develop a document (in this
            section referred to as the ``Airman's Medical Bill of Rights'')
            detailing the right of an individual before, during, and after
            a medical exam conducted by an Aviation Medical Examiner.
                (2) Contents.--The Airman's Medical Bill of Rights required
            under paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, contain information
            about the right of an individual to--
                        (A) bring a trusted companion or request to have a
                    chaperone present for a medical exam;
                        (B) terminate an exam at any time and for any
                    reason;
                        (C) receive care with respect and recognition of
                    the dignity of the individual;
                        (D) be assured of privacy and confidentiality;
                        (E) select an Aviation Medical Examiner without
                    interference;
                        (F) privacy when changing, undressing, and using
                    the restroom;
                        (G) ask questions about the health status of the
                    individual or any suggested treatments or evaluations,
                    and to have such questions fully answered;
                        (H) report an incident of misconduct by an Aviation
                    Medical Examiner to the appropriate authorities,
                    including to the State licensing board of the Aviation
                    Medical Examiner or the Federal Aviation
                    Administration;
                        (I) report to the Administrator an allegation
                    regarding alleged Aviation Medical Examiner misconduct
                    without fear of retaliation or negative action relating
                    to an airman certificate of the individual; and
                        (J) be advised of any known conflicts of interest
                    an Aviation Medical Examiner may have with respect to
                    the care of the individual.
                (3) Public availability.--The Airman's Medical Bill of
            Rights required under paragraph (1) shall be--
                        (A) made available to, and acknowledged by, an
                    individual in the MedXpress system;
                        (B) made available in a hard-copy format by an
                    Aviation Medical Examiner at the time of exam upon
                    request by an individual; and
                        (C) displayed in a common space in the office of
                    the Aviation Medical Examiner.
        (b) Expectations for Medical Examinations.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a
            simplified document explaining the standard procedures
            performed during a medical examination conducted by an Aviation
            Medical Examiner.
                (2) Public availability.--The document required under
            paragraph (1) shall be--
                        (A) made available to, and acknowledged by, an
                    individual in the MedXpress system;
                        (B) made available in a hard-copy format by an
                    Aviation Medical Examiner at the time of exam upon
                    request by an individual; and
                        (C) displayed in a common space in the office of
                    the Aviation Medical Examiner.

    SEC. 322. IMPROVED DESIGNEE MISCONDUCT REPORTING PROCESS.

        (a) Improved Designee Misconduct Reporting Process.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall establish a streamlined process
            for individuals involved in incidents of alleged misconduct by
            a designee to report such incidents in a manner that protects
            the privacy and confidentiality of such individuals.
                (2) Public access to reporting process.--The process for
            reporting alleged misconduct by a designee shall be made
            available to the public on the website of the Administration,
            including--
                        (A) the designee locator search webpage; and
                        (B) the webpage of the Office of Audit and
                    Evaluation of the Federal Aviation Administration.
                (3) Obligation to report criminal charges.--Not later than
            90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
            Administrator shall revise the orders and policies governing
            the Designee Management System to clarify that designees are
            obligated to report any arrest, indictment, or conviction for
            violation of a local, State, or Federal law within a period of
            time specified by the Administrator.
                (4) Audit of reporting process by inspector general.--
                        (A) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the
                    date on which the Administrator finalizes the update of
                    the reporting process under paragraph (1), the
                    inspector general of the Department of Transportation
                    shall conduct an audit of such reporting process.
                        (B) Contents.--In conducting the audit of the
                    reporting process described in subparagraph (A), the
                    inspector general shall, at a minimum--
                                (i) review the efforts of the
                            Administration to improve the reporting process
                            and solutions developed to respond to and
                            investigate allegations of misconduct;
                                (ii) analyze reports of misconduct brought
                            to the Administrator prior to any changes made
                            to the reporting process as a result of the
                            enactment of this Act, including the ultimate
                            outcomes of those reports and whether any
                            reports resulted in the Administrator taking
                            action against the accused designee;
                                (iii) determine whether the reporting
                            process results in appropriate action,
                            including reviewing, investigating, and closing
                            out reports; and
                                (iv) if applicable, make recommendations to
                            improve the reporting process.
                        (C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of initiation of the audit described in subparagraph
                    (A), the inspector general shall submit to the
                    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
                    Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on
                    the results of such audit, including findings and
                    recommendations.
        (b) Designee Defined.--In this section, the term ``designee'' means
    an individual who has been designated to act as a representative of the
    Administrator as--
                (1) an Aviation Medical Examiner (as described in section
            183.21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations);
                (2) a pilot examiner (as described in section 183.23 of
            such title); or
                (3) a technical personnel examiner (as described in section
            183.25 of such title).

    SEC. 323. REPORT ON SAFE UNIFORM OPTIONS FOR CERTAIN AVIATION
                  EMPLOYEES.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall conduct a review to determine whether air carriers
    operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and
    repair stations certificated under part 145 of such title have in place
    uniform policies and uniform offerings that ensure pregnant employees
    can perform required duties safely.
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the review required under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with air carriers and
    repair stations described in subsection (a) and employees of such air
    carriers and such stations who are required to adhere to a uniform
    policy.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the results of the review required under subsection (a).

    SEC. 324. EXTENSION OF SAMYA ROSE STUMO NATIONAL AIR GRANT FELLOWSHIP
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 131(d) of the Aircraft Certification, Safety, and
    Accountability Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking
    ``fiscal years 2021 through 2025'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2023
    through 2028''.

    SEC. 325. PROMOTION OF CIVIL AERONAUTICS AND SAFETY OF AIR COMMERCE.

        Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``In carrying out'' and
            all that follows through ``other interested organizations.'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e);
                (3) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (d); and
                (4) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b) and
            reordering the subsections accordingly.

    SEC. 326. EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by inserting after subsection (b) (as redesignated by section 325) the
    following:
        ``(c) Educational and Professional Development.--
                ``(1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
            Administrator shall support and undertake efforts, including
            through the National Center for the Advancement of Aerospace,
            to promote and support the education of current and future
            aerospace professionals.
                ``(2) Education materials.--Based on the availability of
            resources, the Administrator shall distribute civil aviation
            information, and educational materials, and provide expertise
            to State and local school administrators, college and
            university officials, and officers of other interested
            organizations and entities.
                ``(3) Support for professional development and continuing
            education.--To the extent a nonprofit organization,
            association, industry group, educational institution,
            collective bargaining unit, governmental organization, or other
            entity that organizes or hosts a lecture, conference,
            convention, meeting, round table, or any other type of program
            with the purpose of sharing educational information related to
            aerospace with a broad audience, the Administrator shall--
                        ``(A) strongly consider accepting an invitation to
                    attend, present, and contribute to content generation;
                    and
                        ``(B) make efforts to share information each year,
                    putting a particular emphasis on reaching audiences
                    consisting of representatives of the Administrator and
                    entities regulated entities by the Administrator.
                ``(4) Content.--In planning for the opportunities under
            paragraph (3), the Administrator shall maintain presentations
            and content covering topics of broad relevance, including--
                        ``(A) ethical decision-making and the
                    responsibilities of aerospace professionals;
                        ``(B) managing a workforce, encouraging proper
                    reporting of prospective safety issues, and educating
                    employees on safety management systems; and
                        ``(C) responsibilities as a designee or
                    representative of the Administrator.''.

    SEC. 327. HUMAN FACTORS PROFESSIONALS.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
    establish a new work code for human factors professionals who--
                (1) perform work involving the design and testing of
            technologies, processes, and systems which require effective
            and safe human performance;
                (2) generate and apply theories, principles, practical
            concepts, systems, and processes related to the design and
            testing of technologies, systems, and training programs to
            support and evaluate human performance in work contexts; and
                (3) meet education or experience requirements as determined
            by the Administrator.

    SEC. 328. AEROMEDICAL INNOVATION AND MODERNIZATION WORKING GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a working group (in this section
    referred to as the ``working group'') to review the medical processes,
    policies, and procedures of the Administration and to make
    recommendations to the Administrator on modernizing such processes,
    policies, and procedures to ensure timely and efficient certification
    of airmen.
        (b) Membership.--
                (1) In general.--The working group shall consist of--
                        (A) 2 co-chairs described in paragraph (2); and
                        (B) not less than 15 individuals appointed by the
                    Administrator, each of whom shall have knowledge or a
                    background in aerospace medicine, psychology,
                    neurology, cardiology, or internal medicine.
                (2) Co-chairs.--The working group shall be co-chaired by--
                        (A) the Federal Air Surgeon of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration; and
                        (B) a member described under paragraph (1)(A) to be
                    selected by members of the working group.
                (3) Preference.--The Administrator, in appointing members
            pursuant to paragraph (1)(B), shall give preference to--
                        (A) Aviation Medical Examiners (as described in
                    section 183.21 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations);
                        (B) licensed medical physicians;
                        (C) practitioners holding a pilot certificate;
                        (D) individuals having demonstrated research and
                    expertise in aeromedical research or sciences; and
                        (E) representatives of organizations with
                    memberships affected by the medical processes,
                    policies, and procedures of the Administration.
        (c) Activities.--In reviewing the aeromedical decision-making
    processes, policies, and procedures of the Administration in accordance
    with subsection (a), the working group, at a minimum, shall--
                (1) assess the medical conditions an Aviation Medical
            Examiner may issue a medical certificate directly to an
            individual;
                (2) determine the appropriateness of expanding the list of
            such medical conditions;
                (3) assess the special issuance process;
                (4) determine whether the renewal of a special issuance can
            be based on a medical evaluation and treatment plan by the
            treating medical specialist of the individual with concurrence
            from an Aviation Medical Examiner;
                (5) evaluate advancements in technologies to address forms
            of red-green color blindness;
                (6) determine whether such technologies may be approved for
            use by airmen;
                (7) review policies and guidance relating to Attention-
            Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder;
                (8) evaluate whether medications used to treat such
            disorders may be safely prescribed to an airman;
                (9) review protocols pertaining to the Human Intervention
            Motivation Study of the Federal Aviation Administration;
                (10) review protocols and policies relating to--
                        (A) neurological disorders; and
                        (B) cardiovascular conditions to ensure alignment
                    with medical best practices, latest research;
                (11) review mental health protocols, including mental
            health conditions such as depression and anxiety;
                (12) evaluate medications approved for treating such mental
            health conditions, including antidepressants;
                (13) assess processes and protocols pertaining to
            recertification of an airman receiving disability insurance
            post-recovery from the medical condition, injury, or disability
            that precludes an airman from exercising the privileges of an
            airman certificate;
                (14) assess processes and protocols pertaining to the
            certification of veterans reporting a disability rating from
            the Department of Veterans Affairs; and
                (15) assess and evaluate the user interface and
            information-sharing capabilities of any online medical portal
            administered by the Federal Aviation Administration.
        (d) Pilot Mental Health Task Group.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the
            working group pursuant to subsection (a) is established, the
            co-chairs of such working groups shall establish a pilot mental
            health task group (referred to in this subsection as the ``task
            group'') to develop and provide recommendations related to
            supporting the mental health of aircraft pilots.
                (2) Composition.--The co-chairs of such working group shall
            appoint--
                        (A) a Chair of the task group; and
                        (B) members of the task group from among the
                    members of the working group appointed by the
                    Administrator under subsection (b)(1).
                (3) Duties.--The duties of the task group shall include--
                        (A) carrying out the activities described in
                    subsection (c)(11) and subsection (c)(12);
                        (B) reviewing and evaluating guidance issued by the
                    International Civil Aviation Organization on pilot
                    mental health;
                        (C) consider implementing the final recommendations
                    report issue by the Office of the inspector general of
                    the Department of Transportation titled, ``FAA Conduct
                    Comprehensive Evaluations of Pilots With Mental Health
                    Challenges, but Opportunities Exist to Further Mitigate
                    Safety Risks'' and published on July 12, 2023; and
                        (D) providing recommendations for--
                                (i) best practices for detecting,
                            assessing, and reporting mental health
                            conditions and treatment options as part of
                            pilot aeromedical assessments;
                                (ii) improving the training of aviation
                            medical examiners to identify mental health
                            conditions among pilots, including guidance on
                            referrals to a mental health provider or other
                            aeromedical resource;
                                (iii) expanding and improving mental health
                            outreach, education, and assistance programs
                            for pilots; and
                                (iv) reducing the stigma of assistance for
                            mental health in the aviation industry.
                (4) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
            establishment of the task group, the task group shall submit to
            the Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report detailing--
                        (A) the results of the review and evaluation under
                    paragraph (3)(A); and
                        (B) recommendations developed pursuant to paragraph
                    (3)(C).
        (d) Support.--The Administrator shall seek to enter into one or
    more agreements with the National Academies to support the activities
    of the working group described in subsection (c).
        (e) Findings; Recommendations.--
                (1) Findings.--The working group shall report annually to
            the Administrator, the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate on findings resulting from the activities carried out
            pursuant to subsection (c).
                (2) Recommendations.--Findings reported pursuant to
            paragraph (1) shall be accompanied by recommendations for
            regulatory, policy, or legislative action to improve or
            modernize the medical certification and aeromedical processes,
            procedures, and policies of the Administration.
        (f) Implementation.--Not later than 1 year after receiving
    recommendations outlined in the report under subsection (b), the
    Administrator shall take such action, as appropriate, to implement
    those recommendations.
        (g) Sunset.--The working group shall terminate on September 30,
    2028.

    SEC. 329. FRONTLINE MANAGER WORKLOAD STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic
    Organization of the Federal Aviation Administration shall conduct a
    study on frontline manager workload challenges in air traffic control
    facilities.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Chief Operating Officer may--
                (1) consider--
                        (A) workload challenges including--
                                (i) the managerial tasks expected to be
                            performed by frontline managers, including
                            employee development, management, and
                            counseling;
                                (ii) the number of supervisory positions of
                            operations requiring watch coverage in each air
                            traffic control facility;
                                (iii) the complexity of traffic and
                            managerial responsibilities; and
                                (iv) proficiency and training requirements;
                        (B) facility type;
                        (C) facility staffing levels; and
                        (D) any other factors as the Chief Operating
                    Officer considers appropriate; and
                (2) describe recommendations for updates to the Frontline
            Manager's Quick Reference Guide that reflect current
            operational standards.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Chief Operating Officer shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 330. AGE STANDARDS FOR PILOTS.

        Section 44729 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``Subject to the limitation in
                    subsection (c), a'' and inserting ``A''; and
                        (B) by striking ``65'' and inserting ``67'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(1) by striking ``; or'' and inserting
            ``, unless the operation takes place in airspace where such
            operations are not permitted; or'';
                (3) by striking subsection (c) and redesignating
            subsections (d) through (h) as subsections (c) through (g),
            respectively;
                (4) in subsection (c), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``60'' and inserting
                    ``65'';
                        (B) by striking ``the date of enactment of this
                    section,'' and inserting ``the date of enactment of the
                    Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American
                    Aviation Act,'';
                        (C) by striking ``section 121.383(c)'' and
                    inserting ``subsections (d) and (e) of section
                    121.383''; and
                        (D) by inserting ``(or any successor regulations)''
                    after ``Regulations'';
                (5) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) Retroactivity.--A person who has attained 65 years of
            age on or before the date of enactment of the Securing Growth
            and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act may return to
            service as a pilot for an air carrier engaged in covered
            operations.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``section, taken
                    in conformance with a regulation issued to carry out
                    this section, or taken prior to the date of enactment
                    of this section in conformance with section 121.383(c)
                    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect
                    before such date of enactment), may'' and inserting
                    ``section or taken in conformance with a regulation
                    issued to carry out this section, may''; and
                (6) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Savings Clause.--An air carrier engaged in covered operations
    described in subsection (b)(1) on or after the date of enactment of the
    Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act may not
    require employed pilots to serve in such covered operations after
    attaining 65 years of age.''.

    SEC. 331. MEDICAL PORTAL MODERNIZATION TASK GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the working group
    pursuant to section 328 of this Act is established, the co-chairs of
    such working group shall establish a medical portal modernization task
    group (referred to in this subsection as the ``task group'') to
    evaluate the user interface and information sharing capabilities of an
    online medical portal administered by the Federal Aviation
    Administration.
        (b) Composition.--The co-chairs of the working group provided for
    in section 328 shall appoint--
                (1) a Chair of the task group; and
                (2) members of the task group from among the members of the
            working group appointed by the Administrator under section
            328(b)
        (c) Assessment; Recommendations.--The task group shall, at a
    minimum, assess and evaluate the capabilities of any such medical
    portal and provide recommendations to improve the following:
                (1) The cyber security protections and protocols of any
            such medical portal, including the secure exchange of health
            information and records between Aviation Medical Examiners and
            pilots, or their designee, including the ability for an airman
            to submit additional information requested by the
            Administrator.
                (2) The status of an airman's medical application and the
            disclosure of how long an airman can expect to wait for a final
            determination to be issued by the Administrator.
                (3) The disclosure of the name and contact information of
            the Administrator's representative managing an airman's case so
            that an Aviation Medical Examiner has a point of contact within
            the Administration who is familiar with an airman's
            application.
        (d) Consultation.--In carrying out the duties described in
    subsection (c), the task group may consult cybersecurity experts and
    individuals with a knowledge of securing electronic health care
    transactions.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 years after the date of the
    establishment of the task group, the task group shall submit to the
    Administrator, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing activities and
    recommendations of the task group.
        (f) Implementation.--Not later than 1 year after receiving the
    report described in subsection (e), the Administrator shall take such
    action as may be necessary to implement recommendations of the task
    group to improve any such medical portal.

                        TITLE IV--AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

             Subtitle A--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

    SEC. 401. AIP DEFINITIONS.

        (a) In General.--Section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) `air carrier' has the meaning given the term in
            section 40102.'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (ii) by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) a secondary runway at a nonhub
                            airport that is equivalent in size and type to
                            the primary runway of such airport.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)(iii) by inserting ``and
                    fuel infrastructure'' after ``surveillance equipment'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``after
                    December 31, 1991,'';
                        (D) in subparagraph (K) by striking ``if the
                    airport is located in an air quality nonattainment or
                    maintenance area (as defined in sections 171(2) and
                    175A of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7501(2); 7505a))
                    and if the airport would be able to receive emission
                    credits, as described in section 47139'';
                        (E) in subparagraph (L) by striking ``the airport
                    is located in an air quality nonattainment or
                    maintenance area (as defined in sections 171(2) and
                    175A of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7501(2); 7505a)),
                    if the airport would be able to receive appropriate
                    emission credits (as described in section 47139),
                    and'';
                        (F) in subparagraph (P) by striking ``improve the
                    reliability and efficiency of the airport's power
                    supply'' and inserting ``improve reliability and
                    efficiency of the airport's power supply or meet
                    current and future electrical power demand''; and
                        (G) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(S) construction or renovation of childcare
                    facilities for the exclusive use of airport employees
                    or other individuals who work on airport property,
                    including for air carriers and airport concessionaires.
                        ``(T) advanced digital construction management
                    systems and related technology used in the planning,
                    design and engineering, construction, operations, and
                    maintenance of airport facilities.
                        ``(U) improvements, or planning for improvements,
                    that would be necessary to sustain commercial service
                    flight operations or permit the resumption of flight
                    operations following a natural disaster (defined as an
                    earthquake, flooding, high water, wildfires, hurricane,
                    storm surge, tidal wave, tornado, tsunami, wind driven
                    water, sea level rise, tropical storm, cyclone, land
                    instability, or winter storm) at--
                                ``(i) a primary airport; or
                                ``(ii) a general aviation airport that is
                            designated as a Federal staging area or
                            Incident support base by the Administrator of
                            the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
                        ``(V) a project to comply with rulemakings and
                    recommendations on cybersecurity standards from the
                    rulemaking committee convened under section 574 of the
                    Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American
                    Aviation Act.
                        ``(W) any other activity that the Secretary
                    concludes will reasonably improve or contribute to the
                    maintenance of the safety, efficiency, or capacity of
                    the airport.'';
                (3) in paragraph (5)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ``and
                    catchment area analyses'' after ``planning'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subsection (C) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) assessing current and future electrical power
                    demand for airport airside and landside activities.'';
                (4) by redesignating paragraphs (9), (10), (11), (12),
            (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22),
            (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), and (28) as paragraphs (10),
            (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20),
            (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), and (29),
            respectively;
                (5) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:
                ``(9) `heliport'--
                        ``(A) means an area of land, water, or structure
                    used or intended to be used for the landing or takeoff
                    of aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing
                    profiles; and
                        ``(B) includes a vertiport.'';
                (6) in paragraph (28) (as so redesignated) by striking
            ``the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,'';
                (7) in paragraph (29)(B) (as so redesignated) by striking
            ``described in section 47119(a)(1)(B)'' and inserting ``for
            moving passengers and baggage between terminal facilities and
            between terminal facilities and aircraft''; and
                (8) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(30) `vertiport' means an area of land, water, or
            structure used or intended to be used for the landing or
            takeoff of powered-lift aircraft capable of vertical takeoff
            and landing profiles.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 47127(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``air carrier airport'' and
    inserting ``commercial service airport''.

    SEC. 402. REVENUE DIVERSION PENALTY ENHANCEMENT.

        (a) In General.--Section 47107 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (m)(4) by striking ``an amount equal to''
            and inserting ``an amount equal to double''; and
                (2) in subsection (n)(1) by striking ``an amount equal to''
            and inserting ``an amount equal to double''.
        (b) Applicability.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall not
    apply to any illegal diversion of airport revenues (as described in
    section 47107(m) of title 49, United States Code) that occurred prior
    to the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 403. EXTENSION OF COMPETITIVE ACCESS REPORT REQUIREMENT.

        Section 47107(r)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 404. RENEWAL OF CERTAIN LEASES.

        Section 47107(t)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``the date of enactment
            of this subsection'' and inserting ``October 7, 2016''; and
                (2) by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the
            following:
                        ``(D) that--
                                ``(i) supports the operation of military
                            aircraft by the Air Force or Air National
                            Guard--
                                        ``(I) at the airport; or
                                        ``(II) remotely from the airport;
                                    or
                                ``(ii) is for the use of nonaeronautical
                            land or facilities of the airport by the
                            National Guard.''.

    SEC. 405. COMMUNITY USE OF AIRPORT LAND.

        Section 47107(v) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
        ``(v) Community Use of Airport Land.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsections (a)(13),
            (b), and (c), and section 47133, and subject to paragraph (2),
            the sponsor of a public-use airport shall not be considered to
            be in violation of this subtitle, or to be found in violation
            of a grant assurance made under this section, or under any
            other provision of law, as a condition for the receipt of
            Federal financial assistance for airport development, solely
            because the sponsor has--
                        ``(A) entered into an agreement, including a
                    revised agreement, with a local government providing
                    for the use of airport property for an interim
                    compatible recreational purpose at below fair market
                    value; or
                        ``(B) permanently restricted the use of airport
                    property to compatible recreational and public park use
                    without paying or otherwise obtaining payment of fair
                    market value for the property.
                ``(2) Restrictions.--
                        ``(A) Interim compatible recreational purpose.--
                    Paragraph (1) shall apply, with respect to a sponsor
                    that has taken the action described in subparagraph (A)
                    of such paragraph, only--
                                ``(i) to an agreement regarding airport
                            property that was initially entered into before
                            the publication of the Federal Aviation
                            Administration's Policy and Procedures
                            Concerning the Use of Airport Revenue, dated
                            February 16, 1999;
                                ``(ii) if the agreement between the sponsor
                            and the local government is subordinate to any
                            existing or future agreements between the
                            sponsor and the Secretary, including agreements
                            related to a grant assurance under this
                            section;
                                ``(iii) to airport property that was
                            acquired under a Federal airport development
                            grant program;
                                ``(iv) if the airport sponsor has provided
                            a written statement to the Administrator that
                            the property made available for a recreational
                            purpose will not be needed for any aeronautical
                            purpose during the next 10 years;
                                ``(v) if the agreement includes a term of
                            not more than 2 years to prepare the airport
                            property for the interim compatible
                            recreational purpose and not more than 10 years
                            of use for that purpose;
                                ``(vi) if the recreational purpose will not
                            impact the aeronautical use of the airport;
                                ``(vii) if the airport sponsor provides a
                            certification that the sponsor is not
                            responsible for preparation, startup,
                            operations, maintenance, or any other costs
                            associated with the recreational purpose; and
                                ``(viii) if the recreational purpose is
                            consistent with Federal land use compatibility
                            criteria under section 47502.
                        ``(B) Permanent recreational use.--Paragraph (1)
                    shall apply, with respect to a sponsor that has taken
                    the action described in subparagraph (B) of such
                    paragraph, only--
                                ``(i) to airport property that was
                            purchased using funds from a Federal grant for
                            acquiring land issued prior to January 1, 1989;
                                ``(ii) to airport property that has been
                            continuously leased or licensed through a
                            written agreement with a governmental entity or
                            non-profit entity for recreational or public
                            park uses since July 1, 2003;
                                ``(iii) if the airport sponsor has provided
                            a written statement to the Administrator that
                            the recreational and public use does not impact
                            the aeronautical use of the airport and that
                            the property to be permanently restricted for
                            recreational and public park use is not needed
                            for any aeronautical use at the time the
                            written statement is provided and is not
                            expected to be needed for any aeronautical use
                            at any time after such statement is provided;
                                ``(iv) if the airport sponsor provides a
                            certification to the Administrator that the
                            sponsor is not responsible for operations,
                            maintenance, or any other costs associated with
                            the recreational and public park use;
                                ``(v) if the recreational purpose is
                            consistent with Federal land use compatibility
                            criteria under section 47502; and
                                ``(vi) if the airport sponsor will--
                                        ``(I) lease the property to a local
                                    government entity or non-profit entity
                                    to operate and maintain the property at
                                    no cost to the airport sponsor; or
                                        ``(II) sell the property to a local
                                    government entity or non-profit entity
                                    subject to a permanent deed restriction
                                    ensuring compatible airport use under
                                    regulations issued pursuant to section
                                    47502.
                ``(3) Revenue from certain sales of airport property.--
            Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an airport sponsor
            leasing or selling a portion of airport property as described
            in paragraph (2)(B)(vi) may--
                        ``(A) lease or sell such portion of airport
                    property for less than fair market value; and
                        ``(B) subject to the requirements of subsection
                    (b), retain the revenue from the lease or sale of such
                    portion of airport property.
                ``(4) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection
            may be construed as permitting a diversion of airport revenue
            for the capital or operating costs associated with the
            community use of airport land.
                ``(5) Aeronautical use; aeronautical purpose defined.--In
            this subsection, the terms `aeronautical use' and `aeronautical
            purpose'--
                        ``(A) mean all activities that involve or are
                    directly related to the operation of aircraft,
                    including activities that make the operation of
                    aircraft possible and safe;
                        ``(B) include services located on an airport that
                    are directly and substantially related to the movement
                    of passengers, baggage, mail, and cargo; and
                        ``(C) do not include any uses of an airport that
                    are not described in subparagraph (A) or (B), including
                    any aviation-related uses that do not need to be
                    located on an airport, such as flight kitchens and
                    airline reservation centers.
                ``(6) Administrator review and approval.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other
                    provision of law and subject to the sponsor providing
                    any written statements or certifications to the
                    Administrator required under this subsection, no
                    actions of or requirements on the sponsor under this
                    subsection shall require the review or approval of the
                    Secretary of Transportation or Administrator.
                        ``(B) Burden of demonstration.--The Secretary shall
                    have the burden of demonstrating that a sponsor does
                    not meet the requirements or restrictions of this
                    subsection.''.

    SEC. 406. PRICE ADJUSTMENT PROVISIONS.

        Section 47108 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``47114(d)(3)(A) of this
            title'' and inserting ``47114(d)(2)(A)'';
                (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) Increasing Government Share.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2) or
            (3), the amount stated in an offer as the maximum amount the
            Government will pay may not be increased when the offer has
            been accepted in writing.
                ``(2) Exception.--For a project receiving assistance under
            a grant approved under this chapter or chapter 475, the amount
            may be increased--
                        ``(A) for an airport development project, by not
                    more than 15 percent; and
                        ``(B) to acquire an interest in land for an airport
                    (except a primary airport), by not more than the
                    greater of the following, based on current creditable
                    appraisals or a court award in a condemnation
                    proceeding:
                                ``(i) 15 percent; or
                                ``(ii) 25 percent of the total increase in
                            allowable project costs attributable to
                            acquiring an interest in land.
                ``(3) Price adjustment provisions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may incorporate a
                    provision in a project grant agreement under which the
                    Secretary agrees to pay more than the maximum amount
                    otherwise specified in the agreement if the Secretary
                    finds that commodity or labor prices have increased
                    since the agreement was made.
                        ``(B) Decrease in costs.--A provision incorporated
                    in a project grant agreement under this paragraph shall
                    ensure that the Secretary realizes any financial
                    benefit associated with a decrease in material or labor
                    costs for the project.'';
                (3) by striking subsection (c); and
                (4) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections
            (c) and (d), respectively.

    SEC. 407. ALLOWABLE PROJECT COSTS AND LETTERS OF INTENT.

        Section 47110 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``after May 13, 1946, and''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by inserting ``or preparing for'' after
                            ``formulating''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``utility relocation,
                            work site preparation,'' before ``and
                            administration'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1) by striking ``section 47114(c)(1)
            or 47114(d)'' and inserting ``section 47114 or distributed from
            the small airport fund under section 47116'';
                (3) in subsection (e)(2)(C) by striking ``commercial
            service airport having at least 0.25 percent of the boardings
            each year at all such airports'' and inserting ``medium hub
            airport or large hub airport'';
                (4) in subsection (h) by striking ``section
            47114(d)(3)(A)'' and inserting ``section 47114(c)(1)(D) or
            section 47114(d)(2)(A)''; and
                (5) by striking subsection (i).

    SEC. 408. SMALL AIRPORT LETTERS OF INTENT.

        (a) In General.--Section 47110 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Small Airport Letters of Intent.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may issue a letter of
            intent to a sponsor stating an intention to obligate an amount
            from future budget authority for an airport development project
            (including costs of formulating the project) at a nonhub
            airport or an airport that is not a primary airport. The letter
            shall establish a schedule under which the Secretary will
            reimburse the sponsor for the Government's share of allowable
            project costs, as amounts become available, if the sponsor,
            after the Secretary issues the letter, carries out the project
            without receiving amounts under this subchapter.
                ``(2) Limitations.--The amount the Secretary intends to
            obligate in a letter of intent issued under this subsection
            shall not exceed the larger of--
                        ``(A) the Government's share of allowable project
                    costs; or
                        ``(B) $10,000,000.
                ``(3) Financing.--Allowable project costs under paragraph
            (1) may include costs associated with making payments for debt
            service on indebtedness incurred to carry out the project.
                ``(4) Requirements.--The Secretary shall only issue a
            letter of intent under paragraph (1) if--
                        ``(A) the sponsor notifies the Secretary, before
                    the project begins, of the sponsor's intent to carry
                    out the project and requests a letter of intent; and
                        ``(B) the sponsor agrees to comply with all
                    statutory and administrative requirements that would
                    apply to the project if it were carried out with
                    amounts made available under this subchapter.
                ``(5) Assessment.--In reviewing a request for a letter of
            intent under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider the
            grant history of an airport, the airport's enplanements or
            operations, and such other factors as the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
                ``(6) Prioritization.--In issuing letters of intent under
            this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) prioritize projects that--
                                ``(i) cannot reasonably be funded by an
                            airport sponsor using funds apportioned under
                            section 47114(c), 47114(d)(2)(A)(i), or
                            47114(d)(6), including funds apportioned under
                            those sections in multiple fiscal years
                            pursuant to section 47117(b)(1); and
                                ``(ii) are necessary to an airport's
                            continued safe operation or development; and
                        ``(B) structure the reimbursement schedules under
                    such letters in a manner that minimizes unnecessary or
                    undesirable project segmentation.
                ``(7) Required use.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Beginning in fiscal year 2028,
                    and in each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall
                    ensure that not less than $100,000,000 is committed to
                    be reimbursed in such fiscal year pursuant to letters
                    of intent issued under this subsection.
                        ``(B) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the
                    requirement under subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year if
                    the Secretary determines there are insufficient letter
                    of intent requests that meet the requirements of
                    paragraph (4). Upon such waiver, the Secretary shall
                    provide a briefing to the Committee on Transportation
                    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
                    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
                    of the Senate on the reasons contributing to the need
                    for such waiver and the actions the Secretary intends
                    to take to ensure that there are sufficient letter of
                    intent requests that meet the requirements of paragraph
                    (4) in the fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year for
                    which the Secretary issued such waiver.
                        ``(C) Restriction.--The total estimated amount of
                    future Government obligations covered by all
                    outstanding letters of intent under paragraph (1) may
                    not be more than the amount authorized to carry out
                    section 48103 of this title, less an amount reasonably
                    estimated by the Secretary to be needed for grants
                    under section 48103 that are not covered by a letter.
                ``(8) No obligation or commitment.--A letter of intent
            issued under this subsection is not an obligation of the
            Government under section 1501 of title 31, and the letter is
            not deemed to be an administrative commitment for financing. An
            obligation or administrative commitment may be made only as
            amounts are provided in authorization and appropriation laws.
                ``(9) Limitation on statutory construction.--Nothing in
            this section shall be construed to prohibit the obligation of
            amounts pursuant to a letter of intent under this subsection in
            the same fiscal year as the letter of intent is issued.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
                (1) Letters of intent.--Section 47110(e)(7) of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended by striking ``under this
            section'' and inserting ``under this subsection''.
                (2) Priority for letters of intent.--Section 47115(h) of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``prior
            to fulfilling intentions to obligate under section 47110(i)''
            after ``section 47110(e)''.

    SEC. 409. PROHIBITION ON USE OF AIP FUNDS TO PROCURE CERTAIN PASSENGER
                  BOARDING BRIDGES.

        Section 47110 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Additional Nonallowable Costs.--
                ``(1) In general.--A cost is not an allowable airport
            development project cost under this chapter if the cost relates
            to a contract for procurement or installation of a passenger
            boarding bridge if the contract is with an entity on the list
            required under paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Required list.--Not later than 30 days after the date
            of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall, based on
            information provided by the United States Trade Representative
            and the Attorney General, publish and annually update a list of
            entities manufacturing airport passenger boarding bridges--
                        ``(A) that are owned, directed, or subsidized by
                    the People's Republic of China; and
                        ``(B) that--
                                ``(i) have been determined by a Federal
                            court to have misappropriated intellectual
                            property or trade secrets from an entity
                            organized under the laws of the United States
                            or any jurisdiction within the United States;
                            or
                                ``(ii) own or control, are owned or
                            controlled by, are under common ownership or
                            control with, or are successors to, an entity
                            described in clause (i).''.

    SEC. 410. FUEL INFRASTRUCTURE.

        Section 47110 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Fuel Infrastructure.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, the Secretary may decide that covered costs are allowable
            for an airport development project at a primary or nonprimary
            airport where such costs are paid for with funds apportioned to
            the sponsor of such airport under section 47114 or provided
            pursuant to section 47115.
                ``(2) Prioritization.--If the Secretary makes grants from
            the discretionary fund under section 47115 for covered costs,
            the Secretary shall prioritize providing such grants to general
            aviation airports.
                ``(3) Covered costs defined.--In this subsection, the term
            `covered costs'--
                        ``(A) means construction costs related to an
                    airport-owned--
                                ``(i) aeronautical fueling system for
                            unleaded fuel; and
                                ``(ii) fueling systems for type
                            certificated hydrogen-powered aircraft; and
                        ``(B) may include capital costs for fuel farms and
                    other equipment and infrastructure used for the
                    delivery and storage of fuel.''.

    SEC. 411. APPORTIONMENTS.

        (a) Primary, Commercial Service, and Cargo Airports.--
                (1) Primary and commercial service airports.--Section
            47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read
            as follows:
                ``(1) Primary and commercial service airports.--
                        ``(A) Primary airport apportionment.--The Secretary
                    shall apportion to the sponsor of each primary airport
                    for each fiscal year an amount equal to--
                                ``(i) $15.60 for each of the first 50,000
                            passenger boardings at the airport during the
                            prior calendar year;
                                ``(ii) $10.40 for each of the next 50,000
                            passenger boardings at the airport during the
                            prior calendar year;
                                ``(iii) $5.20 for each of the next 400,000
                            passenger boardings at the airport during the
                            prior calendar year;
                                ``(iv) $1.30 for each of the next 500,000
                            passenger boardings at the airport during the
                            prior calendar year; and
                                ``(v) $1.00 for each additional passenger
                            boarding at the airport during the prior
                            calendar year.
                        ``(B) Minimum and maximum apportionments.--Not less
                    than $1,300,000 nor more than $22,000,000 may be
                    apportioned under subparagraph (A) to an airport
                    sponsor for a primary airport for each fiscal year.
                        ``(C) New airport.--Notwithstanding subparagraph
                    (A), the Secretary shall apportion in the first fiscal
                    year following the official opening of a new airport
                    with scheduled passenger air transportation an amount
                    equal to $1,300,000 to the sponsor of such airport.
                        ``(D) Nonprimary commercial service airport
                    apportionment.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall
                            apportion to each commercial service airport
                            that is not a primary airport an amount equal
                            to--
                                        ``(I) $60 for each of the first
                                    2,500 passenger boardings at the
                                    airport during the prior calendar year;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) $153.33 for each of the next
                                    7,499 passenger boardings at the
                                    airport during the prior calendar year.
                                ``(ii) Applicability.--Paragraphs (4) and
                            (5) of subsection (d) shall apply to funds
                            apportioned under this subparagraph.
                        ``(E) Special rule for air reserve stations.--
                    Notwithstanding section 47102, the Secretary shall
                    consider a public-use airport that is co-located with
                    an air reserve station to be a primary airport for
                    purposes of this chapter.
                        ``(F) Special rule for fiscal years 2024 and
                    2025.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this
                    paragraph or the absence of scheduled passenger service
                    at an airport, the Secretary shall apportion in fiscal
                    years 2024 and 2025 to the sponsor of an airport an
                    amount based on the number of passenger boardings at
                    the airport during whichever of the following years
                    that would result in the highest apportioned amount
                    under this paragraph:
                                ``(i) Calendar year 2018.
                                ``(ii) Calendar year 2019.
                                ``(iii) The prior full calendar year prior
                            to the current fiscal year.''.
                (2) Cargo airports.--Section 47114(c)(2) of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``3.5'' and inserting
                            ``4''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``100,000,000 pounds'' and
                            inserting ``25,000,000 pounds'';
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as
                    subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively.
        (b) General Aviation Airports.--Section 47114(d) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Special rule'' and
                    inserting ``Apportionment'';
                        (B) by striking ``excluding primary airports but
                    including reliever and nonprimary commercial service
                    airports'' each place it appears and inserting
                    ``excluding commercial service airports but including
                    reliever airports'';
                        (C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by
                    striking ``20 percent'' and inserting ``25 percent'';
                    and
                        (D) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) and
                    inserting the following:
                        ``(C) An airport that has previously been listed as
                    unclassified under the national plan of integrated
                    airport systems that has reestablished the classified
                    status of such airport as of the date of apportionment
                    shall be eligible to accrue apportionment funds
                    pursuant to subparagraph (A) so long as such airport
                    retains such classified status.'';
                (2) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Airports in
                    alaska, puerto rico, and hawaii'' and inserting
                    ``Airports in Noncontiguous States and Territories'';
                        (B) by striking ``An amount apportioned under
                    paragraph (2) or (3)'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) Alaska, puerto rico, and hawaii.--An amount
                    apportioned under this subsection''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Other territories.--An amount apportioned
                    under paragraph (2)(B)(i) may be made available by the
                    Secretary for any public-use airport in Guam, American
                    Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
                    Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands if the
                    Secretary determines that there are insufficient
                    qualified grant applications for projects at airports
                    that are otherwise eligible for funding under that
                    paragraph. The Secretary shall prioritize the use of
                    such amounts in the territory the amount was originally
                    apportioned in.'';
                (3) in paragraph (5) by inserting ``or subsection
            (c)(1)(D)'' after ``under this subsection'';
                (4) in paragraph (6)--
                        (A) by striking ``provision of this subsection''
                    and inserting ``provision of this section''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``or subsection (c)(1)(D)'' after
                    ``under this subsection'';
                (5) by striking paragraph (2); and
                (6) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as
            paragraphs (2) through (6), respectively.
        (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 47106(a)(7) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``section 47114(d)(3)(B)'' and
    inserting ``section 47114(d)(2)(B)''

    SEC. 412. PFC TURNBACK REDUCTION.

        (a) In General.--Section 47114(f) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``sponsor of an airport having at
                    least .25 percent of the total number of boardings each
                    year in the United States and'' and inserting ``sponsor
                    of a medium or large hub airport'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``50 percent''
                    and inserting ``40 percent'' each place it appears; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``75 percent''
                    and inserting ``60 percent'' each place it appears; and
                (2) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the
            following:
                ``(2) Effective date of reduction.--
                        ``(A) New charge collection.--A reduction in an
                    apportionment under paragraph (1) shall not take effect
                    until the first fiscal year following the year in which
                    the collection of the charge imposed under section
                    40117 has begun.
                        ``(B) New categorization.--A reduction in an
                    apportionment under paragraph (1) shall only be applied
                    to an airport if such airport has been designated as a
                    medium or large hub airport for 3 consecutive years.''.
        (b) Applicability.--For an airport that increased in categorization
    from a small hub to a medium hub in any fiscal year beginning after the
    date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law
    115-254) and prior to the date of enactment of this Act, the amendment
    to section 47114(f)(2) of title 49, United States Code, under
    subsection (a) shall be applied as though the airport increased in
    categorization from a small hub to a medium hub in the calendar year
    prior to the first fiscal year in which such amendment is applicable.

    SEC. 413. TRANSFER OF AIP SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDS TO FORMULA PROGRAM.

        Section 47115(j) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3) by striking subparagraph (B) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Minimum allocation.--Not more than 25 percent
                    of the amounts available under this subsection shall be
                    used to provide grants at nonhub and small hub
                    airports.
                        ``(C) Prioritization.--In making grants under this
                    subsection, the Secretary shall prioritize projects
                    that reduce runway incursions or increase runway or
                    taxiway safety.'';
                (2) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking clause (v) and
            inserting the following:
                                ``(v) $1,110,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
                                ``(vi) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.
                                ``(vii) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                                ``(viii) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
                                ``(ix) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
                                ``(x) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.'';
                            and
                (3) in paragraph (4)(B) by striking ``2 fiscal years'' and
            inserting ``3 fiscal years''.

    SEC. 414. SMALL AIRPORT FUND.

        Section 47116 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2)
            and inserting the following:
                ``(1) Not more than 25 percent for grants for projects at
            small hub airports.
                ``(2) Not less than 25 percent for grants to sponsors of
            public-use airports (except commercial service airports).
                ``(3) Not less than 50 percent for grants to sponsors of
            commercial service airports that are not larger than a nonhub
            airport.'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2); and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph
                    (2); and
                (3) by striking subsections (e) and (f) and inserting the
            following:
        ``(e) General Aviation Hangars and Transient Aprons.--In
    distributing amounts from the fund described in subsection (a) to
    sponsors described in subsection (b)(2) and (b)(3)--
                ``(1) 5 percent of each amount shall be used for projects
            to construct aircraft hangars that are not larger than 5,000
            square feet; and
                ``(2) 5 percent of each amount shall be used for projects
            to construct or rehabilitate aprons intended to be used for
            itinerant general aviation aircraft parking.''.

    SEC. 415. REVISION OF DISCRETIONARY CATEGORIES.

        Section 47117 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)(i) by striking ``or (3)(A),
                    whichever is applicable''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by striking ``section 47114(d)(3)(A)''
                            and inserting ``section 47114(d)(2)(A)''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``section 47114(d)(3)(B)''
                            and inserting ``section 47114(d)(2)(B)'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ``47114(d)(3)(A)'' and
            inserting ``47114(d)(2)(A)'';
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``section
                    47114(d)(2)(A) of this title'' and inserting ``section
                    47114(d)(2)(B)(i)''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``section 47114(d)(2)(B) or
                            (C)'' and inserting ``section
                            47114(d)(2)(B)(ii) or (iii)'' in each place it
                            appears; and
                                (ii) by striking ``of this title'';
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``$300,000,000''
                                    and inserting ``$200,000,000'';
                                        (II) by striking ``for compatible
                                    land use planning and projects carried
                                    out by State and local governments
                                    under section 47141,'';
                                        (III) by striking ``section
                                    47102(3)(Q)'' and inserting
                                    ``subparagraphs (O) through (Q) of
                                    section 47102(3)'';
                                        (IV) by striking ``to comply with
                                    the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et
                                    seq.)''; and
                                        (V) by adding at the end the
                                    following: ``The Secretary shall
                                    provide not less than two-thirds of
                                    amounts under this subparagraph and
                                    paragraph (3) for grants to sponsors of
                                    small hub, medium hub, and large hub
                                    airports.''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(3) Special rule.--Beginning in fiscal year 2025, if the
            amount made available under paragraph (1)(A) was not equal to
            or greater than $150,000,000 in the preceding fiscal year, the
            Secretary shall issue grants for projects eligible under
            paragraph (1)(A) from apportionment funds made available under
            section 47114 that are not required during the fiscal year
            pursuant to subsection (b)(1) in an amount that is not less
            than--
                        ``(A) $150,000,000; minus
                        ``(B) the amount made available under paragraph
                    (1)(A) in the preceding fiscal year.''; and
                (5) in subsection (f)(1) by striking ``Subject to paragraph
            (2)'' and inserting ``Subject to paragraph (2) and except as
            provided in section 47116(b)(2)''.

    SEC. 416. TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 47119 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``in a nonrevenue-
                    producing public-use area of a commercial service
                    airport'' and all that follows through ``of the
                    Government'' and inserting the following: ``at an
                    airport if the sponsor certifies that the airport, on
                    the date the grant application is submitted to the
                    Secretary, has--
                        ``(A) that any necessary airport development
                    project affecting airport safety, security, or capacity
                    will not be deferred if the Secretary approves a
                    terminal development project under this section; and
                        ``(B) provided for access by passengers to the area
                    of the airport for boarding or exiting aircraft that
                    are not air carrier aircraft.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``parking lot if''
                    and all that follows through ``Secretary's approval''
                    and inserting ``parking lot'';
                (2) by striking subsections (b), (e) and (f);
                (3) by redesignating subsection (c) and (d) as subsections
            (b) and (c), respectively; and
                (4) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated) by striking
            paragraphs (1) through (5) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) any part of amounts apportioned to an airport sponsor
            under subsection (c) or (d) of section 47114 to pay project
            costs allowable under subsection (a);
                ``(2) on the approval of the Secretary, any part of amounts
            that may be distributed for the fiscal year from the
            discretionary fund established under section 47115 to the
            sponsor of an airport to pay project costs allowable under
            subsection (a);
                ``(3) on the approval of the Secretary, any part of amounts
            that may be distributed for the fiscal year from the small
            airport fund established under section 47116 to the sponsor of
            an airport eligible to receive funds under section 47116 to pay
            project costs allowable under subsection (a);''.

    SEC. 417. STATE BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) Offsetting Administrative Expenses Burden on States.--Section
    47109(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``90 percent'' and inserting ``91 percent''.
        (b) Training.--Section 47128 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(e) Training for Participating States.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to each
            State participating in the block grant program under this
            section training or updated training materials for the
            administrative responsibilities assumed by the State under such
            program at no cost to the State.
                ``(2) Timing.--The training or updated training materials
            provided under paragraph (1) shall be provided at least once
            during each 2-year period and at any time there is a material
            change in the program.''.
        (c) Administration.--Section 47128 of title 49, United States Code,
    is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Roles and Responsibilities of Participating States.--
                ``(1) Airports.--Unless a State participating in the block
            grant program under this section expressly agrees in a
            memorandum of agreement, the Secretary shall not require the
            State to manage functions and responsibilities for airport
            actions or projects that do not relate to such program.
                ``(2) Program documentation.--Any grant agreement providing
            funds to be administered under such program shall be consistent
            with the most recently executed memorandum of agreement between
            the State and the Federal Aviation Administration. The
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
            provide parity to participating States and shall only require
            the same type of information and level of detail for any
            program agreements and documentation that the Administrator
            would perform with respect to such action if the State did not
            participate in the program.
                ``(3) Responsibilities.--The Administrator shall retain
            responsibility for the following, unless expressly agreed to by
            the State:
                        ``(A) Grant compliance investigations,
                    determinations, and enforcement.
                        ``(B) Obstruction evaluation and airport airspace
                    analysis, determinations, and enforcement off airport
                    property.
                        ``(C) Non-rulemaking analysis, determinations, and
                    enforcement for proposed improvements on airport
                    properties not associated with this subchapter, or off
                    airport property.
                        ``(D) Land use determinations under section 163 of
                    the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 47107
                    note), compatibility planning, and airport layout plan
                    review and approval for projects not funded by amounts
                    available under this subchapter.
                        ``(E) Nonaeronautical and special event
                    recommendations and approvals.
                        ``(F) Instrument approach procedure evaluations and
                    determinations.
                        ``(G) Environmental review for projects not funded
                    by amounts available under this subchapter.
                        ``(H) Review and approval of land leases, land
                    releases, changes in on-airport land-use designation,
                    and through-the-fence agreements.''.
        (d) Report.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    issue a report on the Office of Airports of the Federal Aviation
    Administration and the airport improvement program under subchapter I
    of chapter 471 and chapter 475 of title 49, United States Code, and
    include in such report a description of--
                (1) the responsibilities of States participating in the
            block grant program under section 47128 of title 49, United
            States Code; and
                (2) the impact of title VIII of division J of the
            Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) and
            other Federal administrative funding sources on the ability of
            such States to disburse and administer airport improvement
            program funds.
        (e) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that Congress
    supports the disbursement of a percentage of administrative funds made
    available under the heading ``Federal Aviation Administration--Airport
    Infrastructure Grants'' in title VIII of division J of the
    Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) to non-
    primary airports participating in the State's block grant program each
    fiscal year of the Airport Infrastructure Grants program.

    SEC. 418. INNOVATIVE FINANCING TECHNIQUES.

        Section 47135 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the
            following:
        ``(a) Authority.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation may
            approve an application by an airport sponsor to use grants
            received under this subchapter for innovative financing
            techniques related to an airport development project that is
            located at an airport that is not a large hub airport.
                ``(2) Approval.--The Secretary may approve not more than 30
            applications described under paragraph (1) in a fiscal year.
        ``(b) Purposes.--The purpose of grants made under this section
    shall be to--
                ``(1) provide information on the benefits and difficulties
            of using innovative financing techniques for airport
            development projects;
                ``(2) lower the total cost of an airport development
            project; or
                ``(3) expedite the delivery or completion of an airport
            development project without reducing safety or causing
            environmental harm.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) any other techniques that the Secretary
                    determines are consistent with the purposes of this
                    section.''.

    SEC. 419. LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT PLANS.

        Section 47136(c) of title 49, United States Code is amended--
                (1) by striking ``applicants that will'' and inserting the
            following: ``applicants that--
                ``(1) will'';
                (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) provide a long-term management plan for eligible
            vehicles and equipment that includes the existing and future
            infrastructure requirements of the airport related to such
            vehicles and equipment.''.

    SEC. 420. ALTERNATIVE PROJECT DELIVERY.

        (a) In General.--Section 47142 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking ``Design-build
            contracting'' and inserting ``Alternative project delivery'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``Administrator of the
                            Federal Aviation Administration'' and inserting
                            ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``award a design-build''
                            and inserting ``award a covered project
                            delivery'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``design-build''
                    and inserting ``covered project delivery''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (4) by striking ``design-build
                    contract will'' and inserting ``covered project
                    delivery contract is projected to''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
        ``(c) Covered Project Delivery Contract Defined.--In this section,
    the term `covered project delivery contract' means--
                ``(1) an agreement that provides for both design and
            construction of a project by a contractor through alternative
            project delivery methods, including construction manager-at-
            risk and progressive design build; or
                ``(2) a single contract for the delivery of a whole project
            that--
                        ``(A) includes, at a minimum, the sponsor, builder,
                    and architect-engineer as parties that are subject to
                    the terms of the contract;
                        ``(B) aligns the interests of all the parties to
                    the contract with respect to the project costs and
                    project outcomes; and
                        ``(C) includes processes to ensure transparency and
                    collaboration among all parties to the contract
                    relating to project costs and project outcomes.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    47142 and inserting the following:

    ``47142. Alternative project delivery.''.

    SEC. 421. NONMOVEMENT AREA SURVEILLANCE SURFACE DISPLAY SYSTEMS PILOT
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 47143(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 422. REPEAL OF OBSOLETE CRIMINAL PROVISIONS.

        Section 47306 of title 49, United States Code, and the item
    relating to such section in the analysis for chapter 473 of such title,
    are repealed.

    SEC. 423. LIMITATION ON CERTAIN ROLLING STOCK PROCUREMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 50101 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking ``(except section 47127)'' each place it
            appears; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Limitation on Certain Rolling Stock Procurements.--
                ``(1) In general.--Financial assistance made available
            under the provisions described in subsection (a) shall not be
            used in awarding a contract or subcontract to an entity on or
            after the date of enactment of this subsection for the
            procurement of rolling stock for use in an airport-related
            project if the manufacturer of the rolling stock--
                        ``(A) is incorporated in or has manufacturing
                    facilities in the United States; and
                        ``(B) is owned or controlled by, is a subsidiary
                    of, or is otherwise related legally or financially to a
                    corporation based in a country that--
                                ``(i) is identified as a nonmarket economy
                            country (as defined in section 771(18) of the
                            Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of
                            the date of enactment of this subsection;
                                ``(ii) was identified by the United States
                            Trade Representative in the most recent report
                            required by section 182 of the Trade Act of
                            1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) as a foreign country
                            included on the priority watch list defined in
                            subsection (g)(3) of that section; and
                                ``(iii) is subject to monitoring by the
                            Trade Representative under section 306 of the
                            Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416).
                ``(2) Exception.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1),
                    the term `otherwise related legally or financially'
                    does not include--
                                ``(i) a minority relationship or
                            investment; or
                                ``(ii) relationship with or investment in a
                            subsidiary, joint venture, or other entity
                            based in a country described in paragraph
                            (1)(B) that does not export rolling stock or
                            components of rolling stock for use in the
                            United States.
                        ``(B) Corporation based in people's republic of
                    china.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A)(i), for
                    purposes of paragraph (1), the term `otherwise related
                    legally or financially' includes a minority
                    relationship or investment if the relationship or
                    investment involves a corporation based in the People's
                    Republic of China.
                ``(3) International agreements.--This subsection shall be
            applied in a manner consistent with the obligations of the
            United States under international agreements.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
                (1) Restricting contract awards because of discrimination
            against united states goods or services.--Section 50102 of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``(except
            section 47127)''.
                (2) Restriction on airport projects using products or
            services of foreign countries denying fair market
            opportunities.--Section 50104(b) of title 49, United States
            Code, is amended by striking ``(except section 47127)''.
                (3) Fraudulent use of made in america label.--Section 50105
            of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
            ``(except section 47127)''.

    SEC. 424. REGULATORY APPLICATION.

        Section 40113(f) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by inserting ``or in administering the Airport
            Improvement Program under chapter 471'' after ``Code of Federal
            Regulations,''; and
                (2) by inserting ``or administrative'' after
            ``regulatory''.

    SEC. 425. NATIONAL PRIORITY SYSTEM FORMULAS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall review and update
    the National Priority System prioritization formulas contained in
    Federal Aviation Administration Order 5090.5 to account for the
    amendments to chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, made by this
    Act.
        (b) Required Consultation.--In revising the formulas under
    subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the
    following:
                (1) Primary airports, including large, medium, small, and
            nonhub airports.
                (2) Non-primary airports, including general aviation
            airports.
                (3) Airport trade associations, including trade
            associations representing airport executives.
                (4) State aviation officials, including associations
            representing such officials.
                (5) Air carriers, including mainline, regional, and low
            cost air carriers.
                (6) Associations representing air carriers.
        (c) Priority Projects.--In revising the formulas under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall assign the highest priority to projects that
    increase or maintain the safety, efficiency, and capacity of the
    aviation system.

    SEC. 426. MINORITY AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PARTICIPATION.

        (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
                (1) While significant progress has occurred due to the
            establishment of the airport disadvantaged business enterprise
            program and the airport concessions disadvantaged business
            enterprise program under sections 47113 and 47107(e) of title
            49, United States Code, respectively, discrimination and
            related barriers continue to pose significant obstacles for
            minority- and women-owned businesses seeking to do business in
            airport-related markets across the Nation.
                (2) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and
            documentation of race and gender discrimination from numerous
            sources, including congressional hearings and roundtables,
            scientific reports, reports issued by public and private
            agencies, news stories, reports of discrimination by
            organizations and individuals, and discrimination lawsuits.
            Such testimony and documentation show that race- and gender-
            neutral efforts alone are insufficient to address the problem.
                (3) The testimony and documentation described in paragraph
            (2) demonstrate that race and gender discrimination poses a
            barrier to full and fair participation in airport-related
            businesses of women business owners and minority business
            owners in the racial groups detailed in parts 23 and 26 of
            title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and has impacted firm
            development and other aspects of airport-related business in
            the public and private markets.
                (4) The testimony and documentation described in paragraph
            (2) provide a strong basis that there is a compelling need for
            the continuation of the airport disadvantaged business
            enterprise program and the airport concessions disadvantaged
            business enterprise program to address race and gender
            discrimination in airport-related business.
        (b) Supportive Services.--Section 47113 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Supportive Services.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in
            coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration, may, at the request of an airport sponsor,
            provide assistance under a grant issued under this subchapter
            to develop, conduct, and administer training programs and
            assistance programs in connection with any airport improvement
            project subject to part 26 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations, for small business concerns referred to in
            subsection (b) to achieve proficiency to compete, on an equal
            basis for contracts and subcontracts related to such projects.
                ``(2) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to receive
            assistance under this section is--
                        ``(A) a State;
                        ``(B) a political subdivision of a State or local
                    government;
                        ``(C) a Tribal government;
                        ``(D) an airport sponsor;
                        ``(E) a metropolitan planning organization;
                        ``(F) a group of entities described in
                    subparagraphs (A) through (E); or
                        ``(G) any other organization considered appropriate
                    by the Secretary.''.

    SEC. 427. AIRPORT ACCESS ROADS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS.

        Section 162 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 47102
    note) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 428. LIMITED REGULATION OF NONFEDERALLY SPONSORED PROPERTY.

        Section 163 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 47107
    note) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--
                ``(1) Limited regulation.--Except as provided in subsection
            (b), the Secretary of Transportation may not require an airport
            to seek approval for (including in the submission of an airport
            layout plan), or directly or indirectly regulate (including
            through any grant assurance)--
                        ``(A) the acquisition, use, lease, encumbrance,
                    transfer, or disposal of land (including any portion of
                    such land) by an airport sponsor; or
                        ``(B) the construction, development, improvement,
                    use, or removal of any facility (including any portion
                    of such facility) upon such land.
                ``(2) Burden of demonstrating applicability.--The burden of
            demonstrating the nonapplicability of paragraph (1), or the
            applicability of an exception under subsection (b), shall be on
            the Secretary.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``regulation'' and inserting
                            ``law, regulation, or grant assurance''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A) by striking
                            ``aircraft operations'' and inserting
                            ``aircraft operations that occur or are
                            projected to occur at an airport as described
                            in an airport's master plan'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``facility'' and
                    inserting ``facility that the Secretary demonstrates
                    was''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking ``contained'' and
                    inserting ``that the Secretary demonstrates is
                    contained''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
        ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed--
                ``(1) to affect the applicability of sections 47107(b) or
            47133 of title 49, United States Code, to revenues generated by
            the use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or disposal of land
            under subsection (a), facilities upon such land, or any portion
            of such land or facilities; or
                ``(2) to limit the Secretary's authority to approve or
            regulate airport projects (or portions of airport projects)
            that are not subject to the provisions of subsection (a).''.

    SEC. 429. MOTORCOACH ENPLANEMENT PILOT PROGRAM.

        With respect to fiscal years 2024 through 2028, passengers who
    board a motorcoach at an airport that is chartered or provided by an
    air carrier to transport such passengers to another airport at which
    the passengers board an aircraft in service in air commerce, that
    entered the sterile area of the airport at which such passengers
    initially boarded the motorcoach, shall be deemed to be included under
    the term ``passenger boardings'' in section 47102 of title 49, United
    States Code.

    SEC. 430. POPULOUS COUNTIES WITHOUT AIRPORTS.

        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of
    Transportation may not deny inclusion in the national plan of
    integrated airport systems maintained under section 47103 of title 49,
    United States Code, to an airport or proposed airport if the airport or
    proposed airport--
                (1) is located in the most populous county (as such term is
            defined in section 2 of title 1, United States Code) of a State
            that does not have an airport listed in the national plan;
                (2) has an airport sponsor that was established before
            January 1, 2017;
                (3) is located more than 15 miles away from another airport
            listed in the national plan;
                (4) demonstrates how the airport will meet the operational
            activity required, through a forecast validated by the
            Secretary, within the first 10 years of operation;
                (5) meets Federal Aviation Administration airport design
            standards;
                (6) submits a benefit-cost analysis;
                (7) presents a detailed financial plan to accomplish
            construction and ongoing maintenance; and
                (8) has the documented support of the State government for
            the entry of the airport or proposed airport into the national
            plan.

    SEC. 431. CONTINUED AVAILABILITY OF AVIATION GASOLINE.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall ensure that any of such varieties of aviation
    gasoline as may be necessary to fuel any model of piston-engine
    aircraft remain available for purchase at each airport listed on the
    national plan of integrated airport systems (as described in section
    47103 of title 49, United States Code) at which aviation gasoline was
    available for purchase as of October 5, 2018.
        (b) Removal of Availability.--The Administrator shall consider a
    prohibition or restriction on the sale of such varieties of aviation
    gasoline to violate assurance 22 (or any successor assurance related to
    economic nondiscrimination) of grant assurances associated with the
    airport improvement program under subchapter I of chapter 471 and
    chapter 475 of title 49, United States Code.
        (c) Aviation Gasoline Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``aviation gasoline'' means a gasoline on which a tax is imposed under
    section 4081(a)(2)(A)(ii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
    (including a leaded or unleaded gasoline).
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to--
                (1) affect any airport sponsor under an investigation
            initiated by the Administrator under part 13 or 16 of title 14,
            Code of Federal Regulations, relating to the availability of
            aviation gasoline found to be out of compliance with the grant
            assurance described in subsection (b) before the date of
            enactment of this Act;
                (2) require any particular action by the Administrator if
            the Administrator determines through such investigation that
            such airport sponsor has violated a grant assurance; or
                (3) prevent an airport or any retail fuel seller at such
            airport from making available for purchase and resale an
            unleaded aviation gasoline that has been approved by the
            Federal Aviation Administration and has an industry consensus
            standard for use in lieu of leaded aviation gasoline if such
            unleaded aviation gasoline is certified for use in all aircraft
            spark ignition piston engine models.

    SEC. 432. AIP HANDBOOK UPDATE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall revise the Airport Improvement Program Handbook (Order 5100.38D)
    (in this section referred to as the ``Handbook'') to account for
    legislative changes to the airport improvement program under subchapter
    I of chapter 471 and chapter 475 of title 49, United States Code, and
    to make such other changes as the Administrator determines necessary.
        (b) Requirements.--In updating the Handbook, the Administrator may
    not impose any additional requirements or restrictions on the use of
    Airport Improvement Program funds except as specifically directed by
    legislation.
        (c) Consultation and Public Comment.--
                (1) Consultation.--In developing the revised Handbook under
            this section, the Administrator shall consult with aviation
            stakeholders, including airports and air carriers.
                (2) Public comment.--
                        (A) In general.--Not later than 30 months after the
                    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
                    publish a draft revision of the Handbook and make such
                    draft available for public comment for a period of not
                    less than 90 days.
                        (B) Review.--The Administrator shall review all
                    comments submitted during the public comment period
                    described under subparagraph (A) and, as the
                    Administrator considers appropriate, incorporate
                    changes based on such comments into the final revision
                    of the Handbook.
        (d) Interim Implementation of Changes.--Not later than 1 year after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall issue
    program guidance letters to provide for the interim implementation of
    amendments to the Airport Improvement Program made by this Act.

    SEC. 433. GAO AUDIT OF AIRPORT FINANCIAL REPORTING PROGRAM.

        (a) Audit.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall complete
    an audit of the airport financial reporting program of the Federal
    Aviation Administration and provide recommendations to the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on improvements to
    such program.
        (b) Requirements.--In conducting the audit required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall, at a minimum--
                (1) review relevant Administration guidance to airports,
            including the version of Advisory Circular 150/5100-19, titled
            ``Operating and Financial Summary'', that is in effect on the
            date of enactment of this Act;
                (2) evaluate the information requested or required by the
            Administrator from airports for completeness and usefulness by
            the Administration and the public;
                (3) assess the costs associated with collecting, reporting,
            and maintaining such information for airports and the
            Administration;
                (4) determine if such information provided is--
                        (A) updated on a regular basis to make such
                    information useful; and
                        (B) audited and verified in an appropriate manner;
                (5) assess if the Administration has addressed the issues
            the Administration discovered during the apportionment and
            disbursement of relief funds to airports under the Coronavirus
            Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (Public Law 116-136)
            using inaccurate and aged airport financial data; and
                (6) determine whether the airport financial reporting
            program as structured as of the date of enactment provides
            value to the Administration, the aviation industry, or the
            public.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 months after the
    completion of the audit required under subsection (a), the Comptroller
    General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing
    the findings of such audit and any recommendations provided to the
    Administrator to improve or alter the airport financial reporting
    program.

    SEC. 434. GAO REVIEW OF NONAERONAUTICAL REVENUE STREAMS AT AIRPORTS.

        (a) Review.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a
    review of non-aeronautical revenue streams currently used by hub
    airports of varying size, assess the impact of nonaeronautical revenue
    on airports, and evaluate opportunities for revenue that are unutilized
    or are underutilized by such airports.
        (b) Scope.--In conducting the review required under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall, at a minimum--
                (1) examine the nonaeronautical revenue streams at a
            variety of public-use airports in the United States;
                (2) examine nonaeronautical revenue streams used by foreign
            airports;
                (3) examine revenue streams used by similar types of
            infrastructure operators like train stations, bus depots, and
            shopping malls;
                (4) determine the revenue effects of entering into, or
            choosing not to enter into, concessionaire agreements with
            companies operating at airports that are not a party to such
            agreements; and
                (5) examine users and beneficiaries of airport services,
            facilities, property, and passengers, and determine if any such
            users or beneficiaries could or should be considered as a
            source of nonaeronautical revenue for an airport.
        (c) Consultation.--As part of the review required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with representatives of
    airport concessionaires, airport sponsors, airport governance entities,
    airport financial planning consultants, and any other relevant
    stakeholders the Comptroller General determines appropriate.
        (d) Findings, Best Practices, and Recommendations.--As part of the
    review required under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall
    produce best practices and recommendations that can be adopted by
    public-use airports to increase non-aeronautical revenue.
        (e) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 months after the
    completion of the review required under subsection (a), the Comptroller
    General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing
    the findings, best practices, and recommendations of such review.

    SEC. 435. MAINTAINING SAFE FIRE AND RESCUE STAFFING LEVELS.

        (a) Update to Regulation.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall update the regulations contained in
    section 139.319 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure
    that paragraph (4) of such section provides that at least 1 individual
    maintains certification at the emergency medical technician basic
    level, or higher.
        (b) Staffing Review.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall conduct a review of
    airport environments and related regulations to evaluate sufficient
    staffing levels necessary for firefighting and rescue services and
    response at airports certified under part 139 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after completing the review
    under subsection (b), the Administrator shall submit to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate a report containing the results of the review.

    SEC. 436. GAO STUDY OF ONSITE AIRPORT GENERATION.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a
    study on the feasibility of installation and adoption of certain power
    generation property at airports which receive funding from the Federal
    Government.
        (b) Content.--In carrying out the study required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall examine--
                (1) any safety impacts of the installation and operation of
            such power generation property, either in aggregate or around
            certain locations or structures at the airport;
                (2) regulatory barriers to adoption;
                (3) benefits to adoption;
                (4) previous examples of adoptions;
                (5) impacts on other entities; and
                (6) previous examples of adoption and factors pertaining to
            previous examples of adoption, including--
                        (A) novel uses beyond supplemental power
                    generation, such as expanding nonresidential property
                    around airports to minimize noise, power generation
                    resilience, and market forces;
                        (B) challenges identified in the installation
                    process;
                        (C) upfront and long-term costs, both foreseen and
                    unforeseen;
                        (D) funding sources used to pay for upfront costs;
                    and
                        (E) long-term savings.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the initiation of the
    study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report and recommendations on the
    results of the study.
        (d) Power Generation Property Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``power generation property'' means equipment defined in section
    48(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

    SEC. 437. TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT AT AIRPORTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct
    a study to examine the efficacy of transportation demand management
    strategies at United States airports.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall examine, at minimum--
                (1) whether transportation demand management strategies
            should be considered by airports when making infrastructure
            planning and construction decisions;
                (2) the impact of transportation demand management
            strategies on existing multimodal options to and from airports
            in the United States; and
                (3) best practices for developing transportation demand
            management strategies that can be used to improve access to
            airports for passengers and airport and airline personnel.
        (c) Report.--Upon completion of the study conducted under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate a report on such study.
        (d) Definition.--In this section, the term ``transportation demand
    management strategy'' means the use of planning, programs, policy,
    marketing, communications, incentives, pricing, data, and technology to
    optimize travel modes, routes used, departure times, and number of
    trips.

    SEC. 438. COASTAL AIRPORTS ASSESSMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall, in coordination with the Chief of Engineers and Commanding
    General of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, initiate an
    assessment on the resiliency of coastal airports in the United States.
        (b) Contents.--The assessment required under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) examine the impact of sea-level rise and other
            environmental factors that pose risks to coastal airports; and
                (2) identify and evaluate current initiatives to prevent
            and mitigate the impacts of factors described in paragraph (1)
            on coastal airports.
        (c) Report.--Upon completion of the assessment, the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on--
                (1) the results of the assessment required under subsection
            (a); and
                (2) recommendations to improve the resiliency of coastal
            airports in the United States.

    SEC. 439. AIRPORT INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 47134(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Benefit-cost analysis.--Prior to approving an
            application submitted under subsection (a), the Secretary may
            require a benefit-cost analysis. If a benefit-cost analysis is
            required, the Secretary shall issue a preliminary and
            conditional finding, which shall--
                        ``(A) be issued not later than 60 days after the
                    date on which the sponsor submits all information
                    required by the Secretary;
                        ``(B) be based upon a collaborative review process
                    that includes the sponsor or sponsor's representative;
                        ``(C) not constitute the issuance of a Federal
                    grant or obligation to issue a grant under this chapter
                    or other provision of law; and
                        ``(D) not constitute any other obligation on the
                    part of the Federal Government until the conditions
                    specified in the final benefit-cost analysis are
                    met.''.

    SEC. 440. GAO STUDY ON PER-TRIP AIRPORT FEES FOR TNC CONSUMERS.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a
    study of fees that airports assess against customers of transportation
    network companies.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out the study required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall address--
                (1) the methodology used by airports to set a fee for
            customers of TNCs;
                (2) expenditures by airports of fees assessed against
            customers of TNCs; and
                (3) a comparison of the fees imposed by airports on
            customers of TNCs and other comparable modes of for-hire
            transportation, such as taxi.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study.
        (d) Transportation Network Company Defined; TNC Defined.--In this
    section, the term ``transportation network company'' or ``TNC''--
                (1) means a corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship,
            or other entity that uses a digital network to connect riders
            to drivers affiliated with the entity in order for the driver
            to transport the rider using a vehicle owned, leased, or
            otherwise authorized for use by the driver to a point chosen by
            the rider; and
                (2) does not include a shared-expense carpool or vanpool
            arrangement that is not intended to generate profit for the
            driver.

    SEC. 441. SPECIAL RULE FOR RECLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN UNCLASSIFIED
                  AIRPORTS.

        (a) Request for Reclassification.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than September 30, 2024, a
            privately owned reliever airport (as such term is defined in
            section 47102 of title 49, United States Code) that is
            identified as unclassified in the National Plan of Integrated
            Airport Systems, 2021-2025 (as published under section 47103 of
            title 49, United States Code) may submit to the Secretary of
            Transportation a request to reclassify the airport according to
            the criteria used to classify a publicly owned airport.
                (2) Required information.--In submitting a request under
            paragraph (1), a privately owned reliever airport shall include
            the following information:
                        (A) A sworn statement and accompanying
                    documentation that demonstrates how the airport would
                    satisfy the requirements of Federal Aviation
                    Administration Order 5090.5, titled ``Formulation of
                    the NPIAS and ACIP'' (or any successor guidance), to be
                    classified as ``Local'' or ``Basic'' if the airport was
                    publicly owned.
                        (B) A report that--
                                (i) identifies the role of the airport to
                            the aviation system; and
                                (ii) describes the long-term fiscal
                            viability of the airport based on demonstrated
                            aeronautical activity and associated revenues
                            relative to ongoing operating and maintenance
                            costs.
        (b) Eligibility Review.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after receiving a
            request from a privately owned reliever airport under
            subsection (a), the Secretary shall perform an eligibility
            review with respect to the airport, including an assessment of
            the airport's safety, security, capacity, access, compliance
            with Federal grant assurances, and protection of natural
            resources and the quality of the environment, as prescribed by
            the Secretary.
                (2) Public sponsor.--In performing the eligibility review
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary--
                        (A) may require the airport requesting
                    reclassification to provide information regarding the
                    outlook (whether positive or negative) for obtaining a
                    public sponsor; and
                        (B) may not require the airport to obtain a public
                    sponsor.
        (c) Reclassification by the Secretary.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after receiving a
            request from a privately owned reliever airport under
            subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall grant such request if
            the following criteria are met:
                        (A) The request includes the required information
                    under subsection (a)(2).
                        (B) The privately owned reliever airport, to the
                    satisfaction of the Secretary--
                                (i) passes the eligibility review performed
                            under subsection (b); or
                                (ii) submits a corrective action plan in
                            accordance with paragraph (2).
                (2) Corrective action plan.--With respect to a privately
            owned reliever airport that does not, to the satisfaction of
            the Secretary, pass the eligibility review performed under
            subsection (b), such airport may resubmit to the Secretary a
            reclassification request along with a corrective action plan
            that--
                        (A) resolves any shortcomings identified in such
                    eligibility review; and
                        (B) proves that any necessary corrective action has
                    been completed by the airport.
        (d) Effective Date.--The reclassification of any privately owned
    reliever airport under this section shall take effect not later than--
                (1) September 30, 2026, for any request granted under
            subsection (c)(1); and
                (2) September 30, 2027, for any request granted after the
            submission of a corrective action plan under subsection (c)(2).

    SEC. 442. PERMANENT SOLAR POWERED TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING SYSTEMS.

        Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall produce
    an engineering brief that describes the acceptable use of permanent
    solar powered taxiway edge lighting systems at regional, local, and
    basic nonprimary airports (as categorized in the most recent National
    Plan of Integrated Airport Systems).

    SEC. 443. SECONDARY RUNWAYS.

        In approving grants for projects with funds made available pursuant
    to title VIII of division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
    Act (Public Law 117-58) under the heading ``Federal Aviation
    Administration--Airport Infrastructure Grants'', the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall consider permitting a nonhub
    or small hub airport to use such funds to extend secondary runways,
    notwithstanding the level of operational activity as such airport.

    SEC. 444. INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF AIRPORTS AND MEETING
                  CURRENT AND FUTURE ENERGY POWER DEMANDS.

        (a) In General.--Section 47140 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 47140. Meeting current and future energy power demand
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish
    a program under which the Secretary shall--
                ``(1) encourage the sponsor of each public-use airport to--
                        ``(A) conduct airport planning that assesses the
                    airport's--
                                ``(i) current and future energy power
                            requirements, including--
                                        ``(I) heating and cooling;
                                        ``(II) on-road airport vehicles and
                                    ground support equipment;
                                        ``(III) gate electrification;
                                        ``(IV) electric aircraft charging;
                                    and
                                        ``(V) vehicles and equipment used
                                    to transport passengers and employees
                                    between the airport and--
                                                ``(aa) nearby facilities
                                            owned or controlled by the
                                            airport or which otherwise
                                            directly support the functions
                                            or services provided by the
                                            airport; or
                                                ``(bb) an intermodal
                                            surface transportation facility
                                            adjacent to the airport; and
                                ``(ii) existing energy infrastructure
                            condition, location and capacity, including
                            base load and backup power, to meet the current
                            and future electrical power demand as
                            identified in this subparagraph; and
                        ``(B) conduct airport development to increase
                    energy efficiency or meet future electrical power
                    demands as identified in subparagraph (A); and
                ``(2) reimburse the airport sponsor for the costs incurred
            in conducting the assessment under paragraph (1).
        ``(b) Grants.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants from
            amounts made available under section 48103 to assist airport
            sponsors that have completed the assessment described in
            subsection (a)(1)--
                        ``(A) to acquire or construct equipment that will
                    increase energy efficiency at the airport; and
                        ``(B) to pursue an airport development project
                    described in subsection (a)(1)(B).
        ``(c) Application.--To be eligible for a grant under paragraph (1),
    the sponsor of a public-use airport shall submit an application,
    including a certification that no safety projects are being deferred by
    requesting a grant under this section, to the Secretary at such time,
    in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may
    require.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    47140 and inserting the following:

    ``47140. Meeting current and future energy power demand.''.

    SEC. 445. ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT INFRASTRUCTURE PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a
    pilot program under which the sponsors of public-use airports may use
    funds made available under chapter 471 or section 48103 of title 49,
    United States Code, for use at up to 10 airports to carry out--
                (1) activities associated with the acquisition, by purchase
            or lease, operation, and installation of equipment to support
            the operations of electric aircraft, including interoperable
            electric vehicle charging equipment; and
                (2) the construction or modification of infrastructure to
            facilitate the delivery of power or services necessary for the
            use of electric aircraft, including--
                        (A) on airport utility upgrades; and
                        (B) associated design costs.
        (b) Eligibility.--A public-use airport is eligible for
    participation in the pilot program under this section if the Secretary
    finds that funds made available under subsection (a) would support--
                (1) electric aircraft operators at such airport, or using
            such airport; or
                (2) electric aircraft operators planning to operate at such
            airport with an associated agreement in place.
        (c) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a)
    shall sunset 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 446. CURB MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.

        Nothing in this Act shall be construed to--
                (1) prevent airports from engaging in curb management
            practices, including determining and assigning curb
            designations, regulations, and to install and maintain upon any
            of the roadways or parts of roadways as many curb zones as
            necessary to aid in the regulation, control, and inspection of
            passenger loading and unloading; or
                (2) prevent airports from enforcing curb zones using
            sensor, camera, automated license plate recognition, and
            software technologies and issuing citations by mail to the
            registered owner of the vehicle.

    SEC. 447. NOTICE OF FUNDING OPPORTUNITY.

        Notwithstanding part 200 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations,
    or any other provision of law, funds made available as part of the
    airport improvement program under subchapter I of chapter 471 or
    chapter 475 of title 49, United States Code, shall not be subject to
    any public notice of funding opportunity requirement.

    SEC. 448. SPECIAL CARRYOVER ASSUMPTION RULE.

        Section 47115 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(l) Special Carryover Assumption Rule.--In addition to amounts
    made available under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a), the
    Secretary may add to the discretionary fund an amount equal to one-
    third of the apportionment funds made available under section 47114
    that were not required during the previous fiscal year pursuant to
    section 47117(b)(1) out of the anticipated amount of apportionment
    funds made available under section 47114 that will not be required
    during the current fiscal year pursuant to section 47117(b)(1).''.

    SEC. 449. RUNWAY SAFETY PROJECTS.

        In awarding grants under section 47115 of title 49, United States
    Code, for runway safety projects, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall, to the maximum extent practicable--
                (1) reduce unnecessary or undesirable project segmentation;
            and
                (2) complete the entire project in an expeditious manner.

                     Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

    SEC. 461. PFC APPLICATION APPROVALS.

        Section 40117(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
                ``(2) each project is an eligible airport-related
            project;''.

    SEC. 462. PFC AUTHORIZATION PILOT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.

        Section 40117(l) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Pilot Program''
            and inserting ``Alternative Procedures''; and
                (2) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--In lieu of submitting an application
            under subsection (c), an eligible agency may impose a passenger
            facility charge in accordance with the procedures under this
            subsection subject to the limitations of this section.''.

         Subtitle C--Noise and Environmental Programs and Streamlining

    SEC. 471. STREAMLINING CONSULTATION PROCESS.

        Section 47101(h) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``shall'' and inserting ``may''.

    SEC. 472. REPEAL OF BURDENSOME EMISSIONS CREDIT REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 47139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``airport sponsors
                            receive'' and inserting ``airport sponsors may
                            receive'';
                                (ii) by striking ``carrying out projects''
                            and inserting ``carrying out projects,
                            including projects''; and
                                (iii) by striking ``conditions'' and
                            inserting ``considerations''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``airport sponsor'' and
                            inserting ``airport sponsor, including for an
                            airport outside of a nonattainment area,'';
                                (ii) by striking ``only'';
                                (iii) by striking ``or as offsets'' and
                            inserting ``, as offsets''; and
                                (iv) by striking the period at the end and
                            inserting ``, or as part of a State
                            implementation plan.'';
                (2) by striking subsection (b); and
                (3) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b).

    SEC. 473. EXPEDITED ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND ONE FEDERAL DECISION.

        Section 47171 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Secretary of
            Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration'';
                (2) by striking ``Secretary'' in each place it appears and
            inserting ``Administrator'';
                (3) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``develop and''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``projects at congested
                            airports'' and all that follows through
                            ``aviation security projects'' and inserting
                            ``projects, terminal development projects,
                            general aviation airport construction or
                            improvement projects, and aviation safety
                            projects''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``better'' and
                    inserting ``streamlined''.
                (4) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) Aviation Projects Subject to a Streamlined Environmental
    Review Process.--
                ``(1) In general.--Any airport capacity enhancement
            project, terminal development project, or general aviation
            airport construction or improvement project shall be subject to
            the coordinated and expedited environmental review process
            requirements set forth in this section.
                ``(2) Project designation criteria.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Administrator may designate
                    an aviation safety project for priority environmental
                    review. A designated project shall be subject to the
                    coordinated and expedited environmental review process
                    requirements set forth in this section.
                        ``(B) Project designation criteria.--The
                    Administrator shall establish guidelines for the
                    designation of an aviation safety project or aviation
                    security project for priority environmental review.
                    Such guidelines shall provide for consideration of--
                                ``(i) the importance or urgency of the
                            project;
                                ``(ii) the potential for undertaking the
                            environmental review under existing emergency
                            procedures under the National Environmental
                            Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
                                ``(iii) the need for cooperation and
                            concurrent reviews by other Federal or State
                            agencies; and
                                ``(iv) the prospect for undue delay if the
                            project is not designated for priority
                            review.'';
                (5) in subsection (c) by striking ``an airport capacity
            enhancement project at a congested airport or a project
            designated under subsection (b)(3)'' and inserting ``a project
            described or designated under subsection (b)'';
                (6) in subsection (d) by striking ``each airport capacity
            enhancement project at a congested airport or a project
            designated under subsection (b)(3)'' and inserting ``a project
            described or designated under subsection (b)'';
                (7) in subsection (h) by striking ``designated under
            subsection (b)(3)'' and all that follows through ``congested
            airports'' and inserting ``described in subsection (b)(1)'';
                (8) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) by striking ``For any'' and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) In general.--For any''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Deadline.--The Administrator shall define the purpose
            and need of a project not later than 45 days after receipt of a
            draft purpose and need statement (or revision thereof that
            materially affects a statement previously prepared or accepted
            by the Administrator) from an airport sponsor. The
            Administrator shall provide airport sponsors with appropriate
            guidance to implement any applicable requirements.'';
                (9) in subsection (k)--
                        (A) by striking ``an airport capacity enhancement
                    project at a congested airport or a project designated
                    under subsection (b)(3)'' and inserting ``a project
                    described or designated under subsection (b)'';
                        (B) by striking ``project shall consider'' and
                    inserting the following:
        ``project shall--
                ``(1) consider'';
                        (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting
                    ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) limit the comments of the agency to--
                        ``(A) subject matter areas within the special
                    expertise of the agency; and
                        ``(B) changes necessary to ensure the agency is
                    carrying out the obligations of that agency under the
                    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and other
                    applicable law.'';
                (10) in subsection (l) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``and section 1503 of title 40, Code of Federal
            Regulations.''; and
                (11) by striking subsection (m) and inserting the
            following:
        ``(m) Coordination and Schedule.--
                ``(1) Coordination plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the
                    date of publication of a notice of intent to prepare an
                    environmental impact statement or the initiation of an
                    environmental assessment, the Administrator of the
                    Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a plan
                    for coordinating public and agency participation in and
                    comment on the environmental review process for a
                    project described or designated under subsection (b).
                    The coordination plan may be incorporated into a
                    memorandum of understanding.
                        ``(B) Cloud-based, interactive digital platforms.--
                    The Administrator is encouraged to utilize cloud-based,
                    interactive digital platforms to meet community
                    engagement and agency coordination requirements under
                    subparagraph (A).
                        ``(C) Schedule.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Administration shall
                            establish as part of such coordination plan,
                            after consultation with and the concurrence of
                            each participating agency for the project and
                            with the State in which the project is located
                            (and, if the State is not the project sponsor,
                            with the project sponsor), a schedule for--
                                        ``(I) interim milestones and
                                    deadlines for agency activities
                                    necessary to complete the environmental
                                    review; and
                                        ``(II) completion of the
                                    environmental review process for the
                                    project.
                                ``(ii) Factors for consideration.--In
                            establishing the schedule under clause (i), the
                            Administration shall consider factors such as--
                                        ``(I) the responsibilities of
                                    participating agencies under applicable
                                    laws;
                                        ``(II) resources available to the
                                    cooperating agencies;
                                        ``(III) overall size and complexity
                                    of the project;
                                        ``(IV) the overall time required by
                                    an agency to conduct an environmental
                                    review and make decisions under
                                    applicable Federal law relating to a
                                    project (including the issuance or
                                    denial of a permit or license) and the
                                    cost of the project; and
                                        ``(V) the sensitivity of the
                                    natural and historic resources that
                                    could be affected by the project.
                                ``(iii) Maximum project schedule.--To the
                            maximum extent practicable and consistent with
                            applicable Federal law, the Administrator shall
                            develop, in concurrence with the project
                            sponsor, a maximum schedule for the project
                            described or designated under subsection (b)
                            that is not more than 2 years for the
                            completion of the environmental review process
                            for such projects, as measured from, as
                            applicable the date of publication of a notice
                            of intent to prepare an environmental impact
                            statement to the record of decision.
                                ``(iv) Dispute resolution.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Any issue or
                                    dispute that arises between the
                                    Administrator and participating
                                    agencies (or amongst participating
                                    agencies) during the environmental
                                    review process will be addressed
                                    expeditiously to avoid delay.
                                        ``(II) Responsibilities.--The
                                    Administrator and participating
                                    agencies shall--
                                                ``(aa) implement the
                                            requirements of this section
                                            consistent with any dispute
                                            resolution process established
                                            in an applicable law,
                                            regulation, or legally binding
                                            agreement to the maximum extent
                                            permitted by law; and
                                                ``(bb) seek to resolve
                                            issues or disputes at the
                                            earliest possible time at the
                                            project level through agency
                                            employees who have day-to-day
                                            involvement in the project.
                                        ``(III) Elevation for missed
                                    milestone.--If a dispute between the
                                    Administrator and participating
                                    agencies (or amongst participating
                                    agencies) causes a milestone to be
                                    missed or extended, or the
                                    Administrator anticipates that a
                                    permitting timetable milestone will be
                                    missed or will need to be extended,
                                    then the dispute shall be elevated to
                                    an official designated by the relevant
                                    agency for resolution. Such elevation
                                    should take place as soon as
                                    practicable after the Administrator
                                    becomes aware of the dispute or
                                    potential missed milestone.
                                        ``(IV) Exception.--Disputes that do
                                    not impact the ability of an agency to
                                    meet a milestone may be elevated as
                                    appropriate.
                                        ``(V) Further evaluation.--Once a
                                    dispute has been elevated to the
                                    designated official, if no resolution
                                    has been reached at the end of 30 days
                                    after the relevant milestone date or
                                    extension date, then the relevant
                                    agencies shall elevate the dispute to
                                    senior agency leadership for
                                    resolution.
                        ``(D) Consistency with other time periods.--A
                    schedule under subparagraph (B) shall be consistent
                    with any other relevant time periods established under
                    Federal law.
                        ``(E) Modification.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), the Administrator may lengthen or
                            shorten a schedule established under
                            subparagraph (B) for good cause. A decision by
                            a project sponsor to change, modify, expand, or
                            reduce the scope of a project may be considered
                            as good cause for lengthening or shortening of
                            such schedule as appropriate and based on the
                            nature and extent of the proposed project
                            adjustment.
                                ``(ii) Limitations.--
                                        ``(I) Lengthened schedule.--The
                                    Administrator may lengthen a schedule
                                    under clause (i) for a cooperating
                                    Federal agency by not more than 1 year
                                    after the latest deadline established
                                    for the project described or designated
                                    under subsection (b) by the
                                    Administration.
                                        ``(II) Shortened schedule.--The
                                    Administrator may not shorten a
                                    schedule under clause (i) if doing so
                                    would impair the ability of a
                                    cooperating Federal agency to conduct
                                    necessary analyses or otherwise carry
                                    out relevant obligations of the Federal
                                    agency for the project.
                        ``(F) Failure to meet deadline.--If a cooperating
                    Federal agency fails to meet a deadline established
                    under subparagraph (D)(ii)(I)--
                                ``(i) the cooperating Federal agency shall,
                            not later than 10 days after meeting the
                            deadline, submit to the Administrator a report
                            that describes the reasons why the deadline was
                            not met; and
                                ``(ii) the Secretary shall--
                                        ``(I) submit to the Committee on
                                    Transportation and Infrastructure of
                                    the House of Representatives and the
                                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                                    Transportation of the Senate a copy of
                                    the report under clause (i); and
                                        ``(II) make the report under clause
                                    (i) publicly available on the website
                                    of the agency.
                        ``(G) Dissemination.--A copy of a schedule under
                    subparagraph (B), and of any modifications to the
                    schedule, shall be--
                                ``(i) provided to all participating
                            agencies and to the State transportation
                            department of the State in which the project is
                            located (and, if the State is not the project
                            sponsor, to the project sponsor); and
                                ``(ii) made available to the public.
                ``(2) Comment deadlines.--The Administrator shall establish
            the following deadlines for comment during the environmental
            review process for a project:
                        ``(A) For comments by agencies and the public on a
                    draft environmental impact statement, a period of not
                    more than 60 days after publication in the Federal
                    Register of notice of the date of public availability
                    of such statement, unless--
                                ``(i) a different deadline is established
                            by agreement of the lead agency, the project
                            sponsor, and all participating agencies; or
                                ``(ii) the deadline is extended by the lead
                            agency for good cause.
                        ``(B) For all other comment periods established by
                    the lead agency for agency or public comments in the
                    environmental review process, a period of no more than
                    30 days from availability of the materials on which
                    comment is requested, unless--
                                ``(i) a different deadline is established
                            by agreement of the Administrator, the project
                            sponsor, and all participating agencies; or
                                ``(ii) the deadline is extended by the lead
                            agency for good cause.
                ``(3) Deadlines for decisions under other laws.--In any
            case in which a decision under any Federal law relating to a
            project described or designated under subsection (b) (including
            the issuance or denial of a permit or license) is required to
            be made by the later of the date that is 180 days after the
            date on which the Administrator made all final decisions of the
            lead agency with respect to the project, or 180 days after the
            date on which an application was submitted for the permit or
            license, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate, and publish on the website of the
            Administration--
                        ``(A) as soon as practicable after the 180-day
                    period, an initial notice of the failure of the Federal
                    agency to make the decision; and
                        ``(B) every 60 days thereafter until such date as
                    all decisions of the Federal agency relating to the
                    project have been made by the Federal agency, an
                    additional notice that describes the number of
                    decisions of the Federal agency that remain outstanding
                    as of the date of the additional notice.
                ``(4) Involvement of the public.--Nothing in this
            subsection shall reduce any time period provided for public
            comment in the environmental review process under existing
            Federal law, including a regulation.
        ``(n) Concurrent Reviews and Single NEPA Document.--
                ``(1) Concurrent reviews.--Each participating agency and
            cooperating agency under the expedited and coordinated
            environmental review process established under this section
            shall--
                        ``(A) carry out the obligations of that agency
                    under other applicable law concurrently, and in
                    conjunction, with the review required under the
                    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.
                    4321 et seq.), unless doing so would impair the ability
                    of the Federal agency to conduct needed analysis or
                    otherwise carry out such obligations; and
                        ``(B) formulate and implement administrative,
                    policy, and procedural mechanisms to enable the agency
                    to ensure completion of the environmental review
                    process in a timely, coordinated, and environmentally
                    responsible manner.
                ``(2) Single nepa document.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as inconsistent with
                    subsection (a), to the maximum extent practicable and
                    consistent with Federal law, all Federal permits and
                    reviews for a project shall rely on a single
                    environment document prepared under the National
                    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
                    seq.) under the leadership of the Administrator of the
                    Federal Aviation Administration.
                        ``(B) Use of document.--
                                ``(i) In general.--To the maximum extent
                            practicable, the Administrator shall develop an
                            environmental document sufficient to satisfy
                            the requirements for any Federal approval or
                            other Federal action required for the project,
                            including permits issued by other Federal
                            agencies.
                                ``(ii) Cooperation of participating
                            agencies.--Other participating agencies shall
                            cooperate with the lead agency and provide
                            timely information to help the lead agency
                            carry out this subparagraph.
                        ``(C) Treatment as participating and cooperating
                    agencies.--A Federal agency required to make an
                    approval or take an action for a project, as described
                    in this paragraph, shall work with the Administration
                    for the project to ensure that the agency making the
                    approval or taking the action is treated as being both
                    a participating and cooperating agency for the project.
                ``(3) Participating agency responsibilities.--An agency
            participating in the expedited and coordinated environmental
            review process under this section shall--
                        ``(A) provide comments, responses, studies, or
                    methodologies on those areas within the special
                    expertise or jurisdiction of the agency; and
                        ``(B) use the process to address any environmental
                    issues of concern to the agency.
        ``(o) Environmental Impact Statement.--
                ``(1) In general.--In preparing a final environmental
            impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act of
            1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) for a project described or
            designated under subsection (b), if the Administrator modifies
            the statement in response to comments that are minor and are
            confined to factual corrections or explanations of why the
            comments do not warrant additional agency response, the
            Administrator may write on errata sheets attached to the
            statement instead of rewriting the draft statement, subject to
            the condition that the errata sheets--
                        ``(A) cite the sources, authorities, and reasons
                    that support the position of the agency; and
                        ``(B) if appropriate, indicate the circumstances
                    that would trigger agency reappraisal or further
                    response.
                ``(2) Single document.--To the maximum extent practicable,
            for a project subject to a coordinated review process under
            this section, the Administrator shall expeditiously develop a
            single document that consists of a final environmental impact
            statement and a record of decision, unless--
                        ``(A) the final environmental impact statement or
                    record of decision makes substantial changes to the
                    project that are relevant to environmental or safety
                    concerns; or
                        ``(B) there is a significant new circumstance or
                    information relevant to environmental concerns that
                    bears on the proposed action or the environmental
                    impacts of the proposed action.
                ``(3) Length of environmental document.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), an environmental impact statement
                    shall not exceed 150 pages, not including any citations
                    or appendices.
                        ``(B) Extraordinary complexity.--An environmental
                    impact statement for a proposed agency action of
                    extraordinary complexity shall not exceed 300 pages,
                    not including any citations or appendices.
        ``(p) Integration of Planning and Environmental Review.--
                ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (5) and to the
            maximum extent practicable and appropriate, the following
            agencies may adopt or incorporate by reference, and use a
            planning product in proceedings relating to, any class of
            action in the environmental review process of a project
            described or designated under subsection (b):
                        ``(A) The lead agency for a project, with respect
                    to an environmental impact statement, environmental
                    assessment, categorical exclusion, or other document
                    prepared under the National Environmental Policy Act of
                    1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
                        ``(B) A cooperating agency with responsibility
                    under Federal law with respect to the process for and
                    completion of any environmental permit, approval,
                    review, or study required for a project under any
                    Federal law other than the National Environmental
                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), if
                    consistent with that law.
                ``(2) Identification.--If the relevant agency makes a
            determination to adopt or incorporate by reference and use a
            planning product under paragraph (1), such agency shall
            identify the agencies that participated in the development of
            the planning products.
                ``(3) Adoption or incorporation by reference of planning
            products.--The relevant agency may--
                        ``(A) adopt or incorporate by reference an entire
                    planning product under paragraph (1); or
                        ``(B) select portions of a planning project under
                    paragraph (1) for adoption or incorporation by
                    reference.
                ``(4) Timing.--The adoption or incorporation by reference
            of a planning product under paragraph (1) may--
                        ``(A) be made at the time the relevant agencies
                    decide the appropriate scope of environmental review
                    for the project; or
                        ``(B) occur later in the environmental review
                    process, as appropriate.
                ``(5) Conditions.--The relevant agency in the environmental
            review process may adopt or incorporate by reference a planning
            product under this section if the relevant agency determines,
            with the concurrence of the lead agency and, if the planning
            product is necessary for a cooperating agency to issue a
            permit, review, or approval for the project, with the
            concurrence of the cooperating agency, that the following
            conditions have been met:
                        ``(A) The planning product was developed through a
                    planning process conducted pursuant to applicable
                    Federal law.
                        ``(B) The planning product was developed in
                    consultation with appropriate Federal and State
                    resource agencies and Indian Tribes.
                        ``(C) The planning process included broad
                    multidisciplinary consideration of systems-level or
                    corridor-wide transportation needs and potential
                    effects, including effects on the human and natural
                    environment.
                        ``(D) The planning process included public notice
                    that the planning products produced in the planning
                    process may be adopted during any subsequent
                    environmental review process in accordance with this
                    section.
                        ``(E) During the environmental review process, the
                    relevant agency has--
                                ``(i) made the planning documents available
                            for public review and comment by members of the
                            general public and Federal, State, local, and
                            Tribal governments that may have an interest in
                            the proposed project;
                                ``(ii) provided notice of the intention of
                            the relevant agency to adopt or incorporate by
                            reference the planning product; and
                                ``(iii) considered any resulting comments.
                        ``(F) There is no significant new information or
                    new circumstance that has a reasonable likelihood of
                    affecting the continued validity or appropriateness of
                    the planning product or portions thereof.
                        ``(G) The planning product has a rational basis and
                    is based on reliable and reasonably current data and
                    reasonable and scientifically acceptable methodologies.
                        ``(H) The planning product is documented in
                    sufficient detail to support the decision or the
                    results of the analysis and to meet requirements for
                    use of the information in the environmental review
                    process.
                        ``(I) The planning product is appropriate for
                    adoption or incorporation by reference and use in the
                    environmental review process for the project and is
                    incorporated in accordance with, and is sufficient to
                    meet the requirements of, the National Environmental
                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and section
                    1502.21 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(6) Effect of adoption or incorporation by reference.--
            Any planning product or portions thereof adopted or
            incorporated by reference by the relevant agency in accordance
            with this subsection may be--
                        ``(A) incorporated directly into an environmental
                    review process document or other environmental
                    document; and
                        ``(B) relied on and used by other Federal agencies
                    in carrying out reviews of the project.
        ``(q) Report on NEPA Data.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall carry out a process to track, and
            annually submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report on projects described in subsection (b)(1) that
            contains the information described in paragraph (3).
                ``(2) Time to complete.--For purposes of paragraph (3), the
            NEPA process--
                        ``(A) for an environmental impact statement--
                                ``(i) begins on the date on which a notice
                            of intent is published in the Federal Register;
                            and
                                ``(ii) ends on the date on which the
                            Administrator issues a record of decision,
                            including, if necessary, a revised record of
                            decision; and
                        ``(B) for an environmental assessment--
                                ``(i) begins on the date on which the
                            Administrator makes a determination to prepare
                            an environmental assessment; and
                                ``(ii) ends on the date on which the
                            Administrator issues a finding of no
                            significant impact or determines that
                            preparation of an environmental impact
                            statement is necessary.
                ``(3) Information described.--The information referred to
            in paragraph (1) is, with respect to the Federal Aviation
            Administration--
                        ``(A) the number of proposed actions for which a
                    categorical exclusion was applied by the Administration
                    during the reporting period;
                        ``(B) the number of proposed actions for which a
                    documented categorical exclusion was applied by the
                    Administration during the reporting period;
                        ``(C) the number of proposed actions pending on the
                    date on which the report is submitted for which the
                    issuance of a documented categorical exclusion by the
                    Administration is pending;
                        ``(D) the number of proposed actions for which an
                    environmental assessment was issued by the
                    Administration during the reporting period;
                        ``(E) the length of time the Administration took to
                    complete each environmental assessment described in
                    subparagraph (D);
                        ``(F) the number of proposed actions pending on the
                    date on which the report is submitted for which an
                    environmental assessment is being drafted by the
                    Administration;
                        ``(G) the number of proposed actions for which a
                    final environmental impact statement was completed by
                    the Administration during the reporting period;
                        ``(H) the length of time that the Administration
                    took to complete each environmental impact statement
                    described in subparagraph (G);
                        ``(I) the number of proposed actions pending on the
                    date on which the report is submitted for which an
                    environmental impact statement is being drafted; and
                        ``(J) for the proposed actions reported under
                    subparagraphs (F) and (I), the percentage of those
                    proposed actions for which--
                                ``(i) project funding has been identified;
                            and
                                ``(ii) all other Federal, State, and local
                            activities that are required to allow the
                            proposed action to proceed are completed.
                ``(4) Definitions.--In this section:
                        ``(A) Environmental assessment.--The term
                    `environmental assessment' has the meaning given the
                    term in section 1508.1 of title 40, Code of Federal
                    Regulations (or a successor regulation).
                        ``(B) Environmental impact statement.--The term
                    `environmental impact statement' means a detailed
                    statement required under section 102(2)(C) of the
                    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.
                    4332(2)(C)).
                        ``(C) NEPA process.--The term `NEPA process' means
                    the entirety of the development and documentation of
                    the analysis required under the National Environmental
                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), including
                    the assessment and analysis of any impacts,
                    alternatives, and mitigation of a proposed action, and
                    any interagency participation and public involvement
                    required to be carried out before the Administrator
                    undertakes a proposed action.
                        ``(D) Proposed action.--The term `proposed action'
                    means an action (within the meaning of the National
                    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
                    seq.)) under this title that the Administrator proposes
                    to carry out.
                        ``(E) Reporting period.--The term `reporting
                    period' means the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year
                    in which a report is issued under subsection (a).''.

    SEC. 474. SUBCHAPTER III DEFINITIONS.

        Section 47175 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3)(A) by striking ``and'' at the end and
            inserting ``or'';
                (2) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by striking ``(B)''; and
                                (ii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii)
                            as subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively;
                (3) by striking paragraph (5);
                (4) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (1), (4), (2), (6),
            and (8) as paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6),
            respectively; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Terminal development.--The term `terminal
            development' has the same meaning given such term in section
            47102.''.

    SEC. 475. PILOT PROGRAM EXTENSION.

        Section 190(i) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C.
    47104 note) is amended by striking ``5 years'' and all that follows
    through the period at the end and inserting ``on October 1, 2028.''.

    SEC. 476. PART 150 NOISE STANDARDS UPDATE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall review and revise part 150 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, to reflect all relevant laws and regulations, including
    part 161 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Outreach.--As part of the review conducted under subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall clarify existing and future noise policies
    and standards and seek feedback from airports, airport users, and
    individuals living in the vicinity of airports and in overflight
    communities before implementing any changes to any noise policies or
    standards.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, the Administrator shall
    brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
    of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate regarding the review conducted under
    subsection (a).
        (d) Sunset.--The requirement under subsection (c) shall terminate
    on September 30, 2028.
        (e) Overflight Community Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``overflight community'' means an area--
                (1) located under the flight paths of aircraft;
                (2) that experiences noise annoyance from such aircraft or
            airports; and
                (3) that is located in an area that experiences a day-night
            average sound level lower than the threshold of significant
            noise exposure established by the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration.

    SEC. 477. REDUCING COMMUNITY AIRCRAFT NOISE EXPOSURE.

        In implementing or revising a flight procedure, the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration shall seek to take the following
    actions (to the extent that such actions do not negatively affect
    aviation safety or efficiency) to reduce undesirable aircraft noise:
                (1) Implement flight procedures that can mitigate the
            impact of aircraft noise.
                (2) Work with airport sponsors and potentially impacted
            neighboring communities in establishing or modifying aircraft
            arrival and departure routes.
                (3) Discourage local encroachment of residential or other
            buildings near airports that could create future aircraft noise
            complaints or impact airport operations or aviation safety.

    SEC. 478. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSIONS.

        (a) Categorical Exclusion for Projects of Limited Federal
    Assistance.--An action by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration to approve, permit, finance, or otherwise authorize any
    airport project that is undertaken by the sponsor, owner, or operator
    of a public-use airport shall be presumed to be covered by a
    categorical exclusion under Federal Aviation Administration Order
    1050.1F, or any successor document, if such project--
                (1) receives less than $6,000,000 (as adjusted annually by
            the Administrator to reflect any increases in the Consumer
            Price Index prepared by the Department of Labor) of Federal
            funds or funds from charges collected under section 40117 of
            title 49, United States Code; or
                (2) with a total estimated cost of not more than
            $35,000,000 (as adjusted annually by the Administrator to
            reflect any increases in the Consumer Price Index prepared by
            the Department of Labor) and Federal funds comprising less than
            15 percent of the total estimated project cost.
        (b) Categorical Exclusion in Emergencies.--An action by the
    Administrator to approve, permit, finance, or otherwise authorize an
    airport project that is undertaken by the sponsor, owner, or operator
    of a public-use airport shall be presumed to be covered by a
    categorical exclusion under Federal Aviation Administration Order
    1050.1F, or any successor document, if such project is--
                (1) for the repair or reconstruction of any airport
            facility, runway, taxiway, or similar structure that is in
            operation or under construction when damaged by an emergency
            declared by the Governor of the State and concurred in by the
            Administrator, or for a disaster or emergency declared by the
            President pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
            and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.);
                (2) in the same location with the same capacity,
            dimensions, and design as the original airport facility,
            runway, taxiway, or similar structure as before the declaration
            described in this section; and
                (3) commenced within a 2-year period beginning on the date
            of a declaration described in this section.
        (c) Extraordinary Circumstances.--The presumption that an action is
    covered by a categorical exclusion under subsections (a) and (b) shall
    not apply if the Administrator determines that extraordinary
    circumstances exist with respect to such action.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to impact any aviation safety authority of the Administrator.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Categorical exclusion.--The term ``categorical
            exclusion'' has the meaning given the term in section 1508.1(d)
            of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (2) Public-use airport; sponsor.--The terms ``public-use
            airport'' and ``sponsor'' have the meaning given such terms in
            section 47102 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 479. CRITICAL HABITAT ON OR NEAR AIRPORT PROPERTY.

        (a) Federal Agency Requirements.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration, to the maximum extent practicable, shall
    collaborate with the heads of appropriate Federal agencies to ensure
    that designations of critical habitat, as such term is defined in
    section 3 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1532), on or
    near airport property do not--
                (1) result in conflicting statutory, regulatory, or Federal
            grant assurance requirements for airports or aircraft
            operators;
                (2) interfere with the safe operation of aircraft; or
                (3) occur on airport-owned lands that have become
            attractive habitat for a threatened or endangered species
            because such lands--
                        (A) have been prepared for future development;
                        (B) have been designated as noise buffer land; or
                        (C) are held by the airport to prevent encroachment
                    of uses that are incompatible with airport operations.
        (b) State Requirements.--In a State in which a State agency is
    authorized to designate land on or near airport property for the
    conservation of a threatened or endangered species in the State, the
    Administrator, to the maximum extent practicable, shall collaborate
    with the State in the same manner as the Administrator collaborates
    with the heads of Federal agencies under subsection (a).

    SEC. 480. UPDATING PRESUMED TO CONFORM LIMITS.

        Not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall take
    such actions as are necessary to update the Administration's list of
    actions that are presumed to conform to a State implementation plan
    pursuant to section 93.153(f) of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations,
    to include projects relating to the construction of aircraft hangars.

    SEC. 481. RECOMMENDATIONS ON REDUCING ROTORCRAFT NOISE IN DISTRICT OF
                  COLUMBIA.

        (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on reducing rotorcraft noise in the District of
    Columbia.
        (b) Contents.--The study conducted under subsection (a) shall
    consider--
                (1) the extent to which military operators consider
            operating over unpopulated areas outside of the District of
            Columbia for training missions;
                (2) the extent to which vehicles or aircraft other than
            conventional rotorcraft (such as unmanned aircraft) could be
            used for emergency and law enforcement response; and
                (3) the extent to which relevant operators and entities
            have assessed and addressed, as appropriate, the noise impacts
            of various factors of operating rotorcraft, including, at a
            minimum--
                        (A) altitude;
                        (B) the number of flights;
                        (C) flight paths;
                        (D) time of day of flights;
                        (E) types of aircraft;
                        (F) operating procedures; and
                        (G) pilot training.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall brief the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on preliminary observations with a report
    to follow at a date agreed upon at the time of the briefing
    containing--
                (1) the contents of the study conducted under subsection
            (a); and
                (2) any recommendations for the reduction of rotorcraft
            noise in the District of Columbia.
        (d) Relevant Operators and Entities Defined.--In this section, the
    term ``relevant operators and entities'' means--
                (1) the Chief of Police of the Metropolitan Police
            Department of the District of Columbia;
                (2) any medical rotorcraft operator that routinely flies a
            rotorcraft over the District of Columbia; and
                (3) any other operator that routinely flies a rotorcraft
            over the District of Columbia.

    SEC. 482. UFP STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall enter into an agreement with the National
    Academies under which the National Research Council shall carry out a
    study examining airborne ultrafine particles and the effect of such
    particles on human health.
        (b) Scope of Study.--The study conducted under subsection (a)
    shall--
                (1) summarize the relevant literature and studies done on
            airborne UPFs worldwide;
                (2) focus on large hub airports;
                (3) examine airborne UFPs and their potential effect on
            human health, including--
                        (A) characteristics of UFPs present in the air;
                        (B) spatial and temporal distributions of UFP
                    concentrations;
                        (C) primary sources of UFPs;
                        (D) the contribution of aircraft and airport
                    operations to the distribution of UFP concentrations
                    compared to other sources;
                        (E) potential health effects associated with
                    elevated UFP exposures, including outcomes related to
                    cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection and
                    disease, degradation of neurocognitive functions, and
                    other health effects; and
                        (F) potential UFP exposures, especially to
                    susceptible groups;
                (4) identify measures intended to reduce the release of
            UFPs; and
                (5) identify information gaps related to understanding
            potential relationships between UFP exposures and health
            effects, contributions of aviation-related emissions to UFP
            exposures, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
        (c) Coordination.-- The Administrator may coordinate with the heads
    of such other agencies that the Administrator considers appropriate to
    provide data and other assistance necessary for the study.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the National Research
    Council submits of the results of the study to the Administrator, the
    Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing
    the results of the study carried out under subsection (a), including
    any recommendations based on such study.
        (e) Definition of Ultrafine Particle.--In this section, the terms
    ``ultrafine particle'' and ``UFP'' mean particles with diameters less
    than or equal to 100 nanometers.

    SEC. 483. AVIATION AND AIRPORT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT.

        (a) Establishment of Task Force.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall establish an airport community of
            interest task force (in this section referred to as the ``Task
            Force'') to evaluate and improve existing processes and
            mechanisms for engaging communities impacted by airport
            development and aviation operations.
                (2) Activities.--The Task Force shall--
                        (A) review research on aircraft noise impacts to
                    identify potential actions the Administrator could
                    take;
                        (B) review processes and practices of the
                    Administration for engaging communities prior to or
                    after air traffic pattern changes that impact such
                    communities, including with how such processes and
                    practices compare to best practices from organizations
                    with expertise in grassroots community organizing and
                    collaboration;
                        (C) assess Federal efforts to mitigate noise
                    impacts on communities, including costs and benefits of
                    such efforts;
                        (D) assess the various actions that State and local
                    government officials and community planners could take
                    when considering changes to airport infrastructure,
                    including planned airport projects or surrounding
                    airport community developments;
                        (E) identify potential improvements to Federal,
                    State, and local airport development policy and
                    planning processes to better balance which communities
                    experience negative externalities as a result of
                    airport operations;
                        (F) consider guidance to airports and airport
                    communities to improve engagement with the
                    Administration, as recommended by the document titled
                    ``Aircraft Noise: FAA Could Improve Outreach Through
                    Enhanced Noise Metrics, Communication, and Support to
                    Communities'', issued in September 2021 (GAO-21-
                    103933);
                        (G) consider mechanisms and opportunities for the
                    Administration to facilitate better exchange of
                    helicopter noise information with operators in
                    communities adversely impacted by helicopter noise, as
                    recommended by the Comptroller General in the document
                    titled ``Aircraft Noise: Better Information Sharing
                    Could Improve Responses to Washington, D.C. Area
                    Helicopter Noise Concerns'' (GAO-21-200); and
                        (H) review air traffic controller guidance on use
                    and development of noise abatement procedures of the
                    Administration to identify areas for improvement or
                    efficiency that do not adversely impact aviation
                    safety.
                (3) Composition.--
                        (A) Appointment.--The Administrator shall appoint
                    the members of the Task Force.
                        (B) Chairperson.--The Task Force shall be chaired
                    by the Administrator's executive level designee.
                        (C) Representation.--The Task Force shall be
                    comprised of representatives from--
                                (i) multiple airport communities and
                            communities in the vicinity of airports;
                                (ii) airport operators;
                                (iii) airlines;
                                (iv) experts with specific knowledge of air
                            traffic planning;
                                (v) aircraft manufacturers;
                                (vi) local government officials; and
                                (vii) such other representatives as the
                            Administrator considers appropriate.
                (4) Compensation.--Members of the Task Force shall serve
            without compensation.
                (5) Nonapplicability of faca.--Chapter 10 of title 5,
            United States Code, shall not apply to the Task Force
            established under this section.
                (6) Consultation.--The Task Force shall, as appropriate,
            consult with relevant experts and stakeholders not listed in
            paragraph (3)(C) in conducting the activities described in
            paragraph (2).
                (7) Reports.--
                        (A) Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after
                    the date of the establishment of the Task Force and
                    every year thereafter through fiscal year 2028, the
                    Task Force shall provide to the Committee on
                    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science,
                    and Transportation of the Senate, and the Administrator
                    recommendations to improve the processes and mechanisms
                    for engaging communities impacted by airport
                    development and aviation operations.
                        (B) Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the
                    submission of the annual recommendations under
                    subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall brief the
                    committees described in such subparagraph on any plans
                    of the Administration to implement the recommendations
                    of the Task Force, including explanations for each of
                    the recommendations the Administrator does not intend
                    to adopt.
        (b) Engagement Events.--
                (1) Annual event.--The Administrator shall seek to convene
            at least 2 annual events in each geographic region of the
            Administration to engage with aviation communities on issues of
            regional import.
                (2) Purpose.--The purpose of the engagement events
            described under paragraph (1) shall be to foster open and
            transparent communication between the Federal Government and
            aviation-impacted communities prior to, during, and after
            decision making at the Federal level.
                (3) Topics of consideration.--The topics of consideration
            of such engagement events shall be approved by the Regional
            Administrator or the Regional Community Engagement Officer of
            the applicable region, in consultation with regional interest
            groups. Topic areas shall be driven by local and regional
            feedback and may focus on--
                        (A) noise concerns from low-flying commercial
                    aircraft;
                        (B) purchase and installation of aircraft noise
                    reduction measures;
                        (C) new development projects in close proximity to
                    airports and realistic noise expectations for such
                    projects;
                        (D) proposed airport expansion projects and the
                    potential noise implications of such projects;
                        (E) the establishment of new, or changes to
                    existing, approach and departure routes and the
                    community impacts of such changes;
                        (F) upcoming events with an aviation component; or
                        (G) any other topic or issue considered relevant by
                    an aviation-impacted community.
                (4) Participation.--
                        (A) Coordination.--All events described in
                    paragraph (3) shall be convened by or in coordination
                    with the regional offices of the Administration.
                        (B) Attendance by representatives.--The
                    Administrator shall ensure representatives from
                    relevant program offices of the Administration are in
                    attendance at such events.
                        (C) Appropriate participation.--The Administrator
                    shall collaborate with community groups at the State,
                    municipal, city, or local government level to ensure
                    appropriate participation by as many relevant parties
                    on a given issue as practicable. Such relevant parties
                    may include--
                                (i) State or local government officials;
                                (ii) local or municipal planning and zoning
                            officials;
                                (iii) neighborhood representatives;
                                (iv) aircraft operators, flight school
                            representatives, or other local aviation
                            entities;
                                (v) airport operators; and
                                (vi) any other parties as appropriate.
                        (D) Coordination.--The Administrator shall
                    coordinate Federal participation that is not under the
                    Administration through the Federal Interagency
                    Committee on Aviation Noise to encourage appropriate
                    Federal representation at all such events, based on the
                    topic areas of consideration.

    SEC. 484. COMMUNITY COLLABORATION PROGRAM.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a Community Collaboration Program (in
    this section referred to as the ``Program'') within the Office for
    Policy, International Affairs, and Environment of the Administration.
        (b) Staff.--The Program shall be comprised of representatives
    from--
                (1) the Office for Policy, International Affairs, and
            Environment of the Administration;
                (2) the Office of Airports of the Administration;
                (3) the Air Traffic Organization of the Administration; and
                (4) other entities as considered appropriate by the
            Administrator.
        (c) Responsibilities.--
                (1) In general.--The Program shall facilitate and
            harmonize, as appropriate, policies and procedures carried out
            by the entities listed in subsection (b) pertaining to
            community engagement relating to--
                        (A) airport planning and development;
                        (B) noise and environmental policy;
                        (C) NextGen implementation;
                        (D) air traffic route changes;
                        (E) integration of new and emerging entrants; and
                        (F) other topics with respect to which community
                    engagement is critical to program success.
                (2) Specified responsibilities.--The responsibilities of
            the Program lead shall include--
                        (A) the establishment of, and membership selection
                    for, the Airport Community of Interest Task Force,
                    established under section 483;
                        (B) joint execution with Federal Aviation
                    Administration Regional Administrators of regional
                    community engagement events, as described in section
                    483;
                        (C) updating the internal guidance of the
                    Administration for community engagement based on
                    recommendations from such Task Force, best practices of
                    other Federal agencies interviews with impacted
                    residents, and external organizations with expertise in
                    community engagement, and recommendations solicited
                    from individuals and local government officials in
                    communities adversely impacted by aircraft noise;
                        (D) coordinating with the Air Traffic Organization
                    on community engagement efforts related to air traffic
                    procedure changes to ensure that impacted communities
                    are consulted in a meaningful way;
                        (E) oversight of Regional Ombudsmen of the
                    Administration;
                        (F) oversight, streamlining, and increasing the
                    responsiveness of the noise complaint process of the
                    Administration by--
                                (i) centralizing noise complaint data and
                            improving data collection methodologies;
                                (ii) increasing public accessibility to
                            such Regional Ombudsmen;
                                (iii) ensuring such Regional Ombudsmen are
                            consulted in local air traffic procedure
                            development decisions;
                                (iv) collecting feedback from such Regional
                            Ombudsmen to inform national policymaking
                            efforts; and
                                (v) other recommendations made by the
                            Airport Community of Interest Task Force;
                        (G) timely implementation of the recommendations,
                    as appropriate, made by the Comptroller General of the
                    United States to the Secretary of Transportation
                    contained in the report titled ``Aircraft Noise: FAA
                    Could Improve Outreach Through Enhanced Noise Metrics,
                    Communication, and Support to Communities'', issued in
                    September 2021 (GAO-21-103933) to improve the outreach
                    of the FAA to local communities impacted by aircraft
                    noise, including--
                                (i) any recommendations to--
                                        (I) identify appropriate
                                    supplemental metrics for assessing
                                    noise impacts and circumstances for
                                    their use to aid in the internal
                                    assessment of the Administration of
                                    noise impacts related to proposed
                                    flight path changes;
                                        (II) update guidance to incorporate
                                    additional tools to more clearly convey
                                    expected impacts, such as other noise
                                    metrics and visualization tools; and
                                        (III) improve guidance to airports
                                    and communities on effectively engaging
                                    with the Administration; and
                                (ii) any other recommendations included in
                            the report that would assist the agency in
                            improving outreach to communities affected by
                            aircraft noise;
                        (H) ensuring engagement with local community groups
                    as appropriate in conducting the other responsibilities
                    described in this section; and
                        (I) other responsibilities as considered
                    appropriate by the Administrator.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the Administrator
    implements the recommendations described in subsection (c)(2)(H), the
    Administrator shall brief the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate describing--
                (1) the implementation of each such recommendation;
                (2) how any recommended actions are assisting the
            Administrator in improving outreach to communities affected by
            aircraft noise and other community engagement concerns; and
                (3) any challenges or barriers that limit or prevent the
            ability of the Administrator to take such actions.

    SEC. 485. THIRD PARTY STUDY ON AVIATION NOISE METRICS.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies to conduct a
    study on aviation noise metrics.
        (b) Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall
    include an assessment of--
                (1) the efficacy of the day-night average sound level (in
            this section referred to as ``DNL'') noise metric compared to
            other alternative models;
                (2) the disadvantages of the DNL noise metric in effect as
            of the date of enactment of this Act compared to other
            alternative models;
                (3) any potential changes that should be made to the DNL
            noise metric in effect as of the date of enactment of this Act;
            and
                (4) the data collected by the Neighborhood Environmental
            Survey of the Administration using alternative noise metrics.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the National Academies shall submit to the
    Administrator, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate a report--
                (1) on the results of the study described in subsection
            (a); and
                (2) containing recommendations regarding the most
            appropriate metric to adequately assess the public health
            impacts of aircraft noise.

    SEC. 486. INFORMATION SHARING REQUIREMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, acting through
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall
    establish a mechanism to make helicopter noise complaint data
    accessible to the Federal Aviation Administration, to helicopter
    operators operating in the Washington, D.C. area, and to the public on
    a website of the Administration, based on the recommendation of the
    Government Accountability Office in the report published on January 7,
    2021, titled ``Aircraft Noise: Better Information Sharing Could Improve
    Responses to Washington, D.C. Area Helicopter Noise Concerns''.
        (b) Cooperation.--Any helicopter operator operating in the
    Washington, D.C. area shall provide helicopter noise complaint data to
    the Federal Aviation Administration through the mechanism established
    under subsection (a).
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Helicopter noise complaint data.--The term ``helicopter
            noise complaint data''--
                        (A) means general data relating to a complaint made
                    by an individual about helicopter noise in the
                    Washington, D.C. area and may include--
                                (i) the location and description of the
                            event that is the subject of the complaint;
                                (ii) the start and end time of such event;
                                (iii) a description of the aircraft that is
                            the subject of the complaint; and
                                (iv) the airport name associated with such
                            event; and
                        (B) does not include the personally identifiable
                    information of the individual who submitted the
                    complaint.
                (2) Washington, d.c. area.--The term ``Washington, D.C.
            area'' means the area inside of a 30-mile radius surrounding
            Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.

                            TITLE V--AVIATION SAFETY

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    SEC. 501. ZERO TOLERANCE FOR NEAR MISSES, RUNWAY INCURSIONS, AND
                  SURFACE SAFETY RISKS.

        (a) Policy.--
                (1) In general.--Section 47101(a) of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (13) as
                    paragraphs (3) through (14), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) that projects, activities, and actions that prevent
            runway incursions serve to--
                        ``(A) improve airport surface surveillance; and
                        ``(B) mitigate surface safety risks that are
                    essential to ensuring the safe operation of the airport
                    and airway system;''.
                (2) Conforming amendments.--Section 47101 of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (g) by striking ``subsection
                    (a)(5)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)(6)''; and
                        (B) in subsection (h) by striking ``subsection
                    (a)(6)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)(7)''.
                (3) Continuous evaluation.--In carrying out section
            47101(a) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this
            subsection, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration shall establish a process to continuously track
            and evaluate ground traffic and air traffic activity and
            related incidents at airports.
        (b) Runway Safety Council.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall establish a council, to be known
            as the ``Runway Safety Council'' (in this section referred to
            as the ``Council''), to develop a systematic proactive
            management strategy to address surface safety risks.
                (2) Duties.--The duties of the Council shall include, at a
            minimum, advancing the development of risk-based, data driven,
            integrated systems solutions and strategies to enhance surface
            safety risk mitigation.
                (3) Membership.--
                        (A) In general.--In establishing the Council, the
                    Administrator shall appoint at least 1 member from each
                    of the following:
                                (i) Airport operators.
                                (ii) Air carriers.
                                (iii) Aircraft operators.
                                (iv) Avionics manufacturers.
                                (v) Flight schools.
                                (vi) The certified bargaining
                            representative of aviation safety inspectors
                            for the Administration.
                                (vii) The exclusive bargaining
                            representative of the air traffic controllers
                            certified under section 7111 of title 5, United
                            States Code.
                                (viii) Other safety experts the
                            Administrator determines appropriate.
                        (B) Additional members.--The Administrator may
                    appoint members representing any other stakeholder
                    organization that the Administrator determines
                    appropriate to the Runway Safety Council.
        (c) Airport Surface Surveillance.--
                (1) Identification.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in
            coordination with the Council, consult with relevant
            stakeholders to identify technologies, equipment, and systems
            that--
                        (A) may provide airport surface surveillance
                    capabilities at airports lacking such capabilities;
                        (B) may augment existing airport surface
                    surveillance systems; or
                        (C) may provide onboard situational awareness to
                    pilots.
                (2) Criteria.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
                        (A) based on the information obtained pursuant to
                    paragraph (1), identify airport surface surveillance
                    systems that meet the standards of the Administration
                    and may be able to--
                                (i) provide airport surface surveillance
                            capabilities at airports lacking such
                            capabilities; or
                                (ii) augment existing airport surface
                            surveillance systems; and
                        (B) establish clear and quantifiable criteria
                    relating to operational factors, including ground
                    traffic and air traffic activity and the rate of runway
                    and terminal airspace safety events (including runway
                    incursions), that determine when the installation and
                    deployment of an airport surface surveillance system,
                    or other runway safety system (including runway status
                    lights), at an airport is required.
                (3) Deployment.--Not later than 5 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that
            airport surface surveillance systems are deployed and
            operational at--
                        (A) all airports described in paragraph (2)(A); and
                        (B) all medium and large hub airports.
                (4) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate on the progress of the deployment
            described in paragraph (3).
        (d) Foreign Object Debris Detection.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall assess, in
            coordination with the Council, automated foreign object debris
            monitoring and detection systems at not less than 3 airports
            that are using such systems.
                (2) Considerations.--In conducting the assessment under
            paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                        (A) The categorization of an airport.
                        (B) The potential frequency of foreign object
                    debris incidents on airport runways or adjacent ramp
                    areas.
                        (C) The availability of funding for the
                    installation and maintenance of foreign object debris
                    monitoring and detection systems.
                        (D) The impact of such systems on the airfield
                    operations of an airport.
                        (E) The effectiveness of available foreign object
                    debris monitoring and detection systems.
                        (F) Any other factors relevant to assessing the
                    return on investment of foreign object debris
                    monitoring and detection systems.
                (3) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Administrator and the Council shall consult with manufacturers
            and suppliers of foreign object debris detection technology and
            any other relevant stakeholders.
        (e) Runway Safety Study.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall seek to enter
            into an agreement with a federally funded research and
            development center to conduct a study of runway incursions,
            surface incidents, operational errors, or losses of standard
            separation of aircraft in the approach or departure phase of
            flight to determine how advanced technologies and future
            airport development projects may be able to reduce the
            frequency of such events and enhance aviation safety.
                (2) Considerations.--In conducting the study under
            paragraph (1), the federally funded research and development
            center shall--
                        (A) examine data relating to recurring runway
                    incursions, surface incidents, operational errors, or
                    losses of standard separation of aircraft in the
                    approach or departure phase of flight at airports to
                    identify the underlying factors that caused such
                    events;
                        (B) assess metrics used to identify when such
                    events are increasing at an airport;
                        (C) assess available and developmental
                    technologies, including and beyond such technologies
                    considered in subsection (c), that may augment existing
                    air traffic management capabilities of surface
                    surveillance and terminal airspace equipment;
                        (D) consider growth trends in airport size,
                    staffing and communication complexities to identify--
                                (i) future gaps in information exchange
                            between aerospace stakeholders; and
                                (ii) methods for meeting future near real-
                            time information sharing needs; and
                        (E) examine airfield safety training programs used
                    by airport tenants and other stakeholders operating on
                    airfields of airports, including airfield
                    familiarization training programs for employees, to
                    assess scalability to handle future growth in airfield
                    capacity and traffic.
                (3) Recommendations.--In conducting the study required by
            paragraph (1), the federally funded research and development
            center shall develop recommendations for the strategic planning
            efforts of the Administration to appropriately maintain surface
            safety considering future increases in air traffic and based on
            the considerations described in paragraph (2).
                (4) Report to congress.--Not later than 90 days after the
            completion of the study required by paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
            and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report on the findings of such study and any
            recommendations developed under paragraph (3).
        (f) Airport Surface Detection and Surveillance System Defined.--In
    this section, the term ``airport surface detection and surveillance
    system'' means an airport surveillance system that is--
                (1) designed to track surface movement of aircraft and
            vehicles; and
                (2) capable of alerting air traffic controllers or flight
            crew members of a possible runway incursion, misaligned
            approach, or other safety event.

    SEC. 502. GLOBAL AVIATION SAFETY.

        (a) In General.--Section 40104(d) of title 49, United States Code,
    (as redesignated by section 325) is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading by inserting``and
            Assistance'' after ``International Role'';
                (2) in paragraph (1) by striking ``The Administrator'' and
            inserting ``In carrying out subsection (a), the
            Administrator'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4); and
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) International presence.--The Administrator shall
            maintain an international presence to--
                        ``(A) assist foreign civil aviation authorities
                    in--
                                ``(i) establishing robust aviation
                            oversight practices and policies;
                                ``(ii) training staff, to include
                            inspectors and accident investigators;
                                ``(iii) harmonizing international aviation
                            standards for air traffic management, operator
                            certification, aircraft certification,
                            airports, and certificated or credentialed
                            individuals;
                                ``(iv) validating and accepting foreign
                            aircraft design and production approvals;
                                ``(v) maintaining appropriate levels of air
                            navigation services;
                                ``(vi) preparing for new aviation
                            technologies; and
                                ``(vii) appropriately adopting continuing
                            airworthiness information, such as
                            airworthiness directives;
                        ``(B) encourage the adoption of United States
                    standards, regulations, and policies;
                        ``(C) establish, maintain, and update bilateral or
                    multilateral aviation safety agreements and the
                    aviation safety information contained within such
                    agreements;
                        ``(D) engage in bilateral and multilateral
                    discussions and provide technical assistance as
                    described in paragraph (5);
                        ``(E) validate foreign aviation products and ensure
                    reciprocal validation of products for which the United
                    States is the state of design or production;
                        ``(F) support accident and incident investigations,
                    particularly such investigations that involve United
                    States persons and certified products and such
                    investigations where the National Transportation Safety
                    Board is supporting an investigation pursuant to annex
                    13 of the International Civil Aviation Organization;
                        ``(G) support the international activities of the
                    United States aviation sector;
                        ``(H) maintain valuable relationships with entities
                    with aviation equities, including civil aviation
                    authorities, other governmental bodies, non-
                    governmental organizations, and foreign manufacturers;
                    and
                        ``(I) perform other activities as determined
                    necessary by the Administrator.''.
        (b) Review of International Field Offices.--Section 40104(d) of
    title 49, United States Code, (as redesignated by section 325) is
    further amended by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) International offices.--In carrying out the
            responsibilities described in subsection (a), the Administrator
            shall--
                        ``(A) maintain international offices of the
                    Administration;
                        ``(B) every 3 years, review existing international
                    offices to determine--
                                ``(i) the effectiveness of such offices in
                            fulfilling the mission described in paragraph
                            (2); and
                                ``(ii) the adequacy of resources and
                            staffing to achieve the mission described in
                            paragraph (2);
                        ``(C) establish offices to address gaps identified
                    by the review under subparagraph (B) and in furtherance
                    of the mission described in paragraph (2), putting an
                    emphasis on establishing such offices--
                                ``(i) where international civil aviation
                            authorities are located;
                                ``(ii) where regional intergovernmental
                            organizations are located;
                                ``(iii) in countries that have difficulty
                            maintaining a category 1 classification through
                            the International Aviation Safety Assessment
                            program; and
                                ``(iv) in regions that have experienced
                            substantial growth in aviation operations or
                            manufacturing.''.
        (c) Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreements.--
                (1) Establishment.--Section 40104(d) of title 49, United
            States Code, (as redesignated by section 325) is further
            amended by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Bilateral aviation safety agreements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall
                    negotiate, enter into, promote, enforce, evaluate the
                    effectiveness of, and seek to update bilateral or
                    multilateral aviation safety agreements, and the parts
                    of such agreements, with international aviation
                    authorities.
                        ``(B) Purpose.--The Administrator shall seek to
                    enter into bilateral aviation safety agreements under
                    this section to, at a minimum--
                                ``(i) improve global aviation safety;
                                ``(ii) increase harmonization of, and
                            reduce duplicative, requirements, processes,
                            and approvals to advance the aviation interests
                            of the United States;
                                ``(iii) ensure access to international
                            markets for operators, service providers, and
                            manufacturers from the United States; and
                                ``(iv) put in place procedures for recourse
                            when a party to such agreements fails to meet
                            the obligations of such party under such
                            agreements.
                        ``(C) Scope.--The scope of a bilateral aviation
                    safety agreement entered into under this section shall,
                    as appropriate, cover existing aviation users and
                    concepts and establish a process by which bilateral
                    aviation safety agreements can be updated to include
                    new and novel concepts on an ongoing basis.
                        ``(D) Contents.--Bilateral aviation safety
                    agreements entered into under this section shall, as
                    appropriate and consistent with United States law and
                    regulation, include topics such as--
                                ``(i) airworthiness, certification, and
                            validation;
                                ``(ii) maintenance;
                                ``(iii) operations and pilot training;
                                ``(iv) airspace access, efficiencies, and
                            navigation services;
                                ``(v) transport category aircraft;
                                ``(vi) fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft, and
                            powered-lift aircraft;
                                ``(vii) aerodrome certification;
                                ``(viii) unmanned aircraft and associated
                            elements of such aircraft;
                                ``(ix) flight simulation training devices;
                                ``(x) new or emerging technologies and
                            technology trends; and
                                ``(xi) other topics as determined
                            appropriate by the Administrator.
                        ``(E) Rule of construction.--Bilateral or
                    multilateral aviation safety agreements entered into
                    under this subsection shall not be construed to
                    diminish or alter any authority of the Administrator
                    under any other provision of law.''.
                (2) Audit of validation activities under bilateral aviation
            safety agreements.--
                        (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of this Act, the inspector general of
                    the Department of Transportation shall initiate an
                    audit of bilateral compliance with respect to the
                    validation of aircraft and aircraft parts as set forth
                    in bilateral or multilateral aviation safety agreements
                    between the Federal Aviation Administration and the
                    civil aviation authorities of--
                                (i) the European Union;
                                (ii) Canada;
                                (iii) Brazil;
                                (iv) China;
                                (v) the United Kingdom; and
                                (vi) any other country as determined by the
                            inspector general.
                        (B) Review contents.--As part of the review
                    required under this subsection, the inspector general
                    shall evaluate the performance of validation programs
                    by assessing--
                                (i) validation timelines and milestones for
                            individual projects;
                                (ii) trends relating to the repeated use of
                            nonbasic criteria to review systems and methods
                            of compliance that have been validated
                            previously in similar contexts;
                                (iii) the extent to which implementation
                            tools such as validation workplans and safety
                            emphasis items have addressed validation
                            issues;
                                (iv) the perspective of Administration
                            employees;
                                (v) the perspective of employees of other
                            civil aviation authorities, who wish to provide
                            such perspective, on the validation of products
                            certified in the United States and the
                            validation of products by the United States of
                            products certified abroad; and
                                (vi) the perspective of domestic and
                            foreign industry applicants seeking validation
                            of aircraft and aircraft parts.
                        (C) Report and recommendations.--Not later than 14
                    months after beginning the audit under paragraph (2),
                    the inspector general shall provide to the
                    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration,
                    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
                    the House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
                    report summarizing the findings of the audit and any
                    recommendations to increase compliance and improve the
                    validation timeframes of aircraft and aircraft parts.
        (d) International Engagement Strategy.--Section 40104(d) of title
    49, United States Code, (as redesignated by section 325) is further
    amended by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
                ``(6) Strategic plan.--The Administrator shall maintain a
            strategic plan for the international engagement of the
            Administration that includes--
                        ``(A) all elements of the report required in
                    section 243(b)(1) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of
                    2018 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note);
                        ``(B) measures to fulfill the mission described in
                    paragraph (2);
                        ``(C) initiatives to attain greater expertise among
                    employees of the Federal Aviation Administration in
                    issues related to dispute resolution, intellectual
                    property, and expert control laws;
                        ``(D) policy regarding the future direction and
                    strategy of the United States engagement with the
                    International Civil Aviation Organization;
                        ``(E) procedures for acceptance of mandatory
                    airworthiness information, such as airworthiness
                    directives, and other safety-related regulatory
                    documents, including procedures to implement the
                    requirements of section 44701(e)(5);
                        ``(F) all factors, including funding and
                    resourcing, necessary for the Administration to
                    maintain leadership in the global activities related to
                    aviation safety and air transportation; and
                        ``(G) establishment of, and a process to regularly
                    track and update, metrics to measure the effectiveness
                    of, and foreign civil aviation authority compliance
                    with, bilateral aviation safety agreements.''.

    SEC. 503. AVAILABILITY OF PERSONNEL FOR INSPECTIONS, SITE VISITS, AND
                  TRAINING.

        Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Travel.--The Administrator and the Secretary of
    Transportation shall, in carrying out the responsibilities described in
    subsection (a), delegate to the appropriate supervisors of offices of
    the Administration the ability to authorize the domestic and
    international travel of relevant personnel who are not in the Federal
    Aviation Administration Executive System, without any additional
    approvals required, for the purposes of--
                ``(1) promoting aviation safety, aircraft operations, air
            traffic, airport, unmanned aircraft systems, and other aviation
            standards and regulations adopted by the United States;
                ``(2) facilitating the adoption of United States approaches
            on standards and recommended practices at the International
            Civil Aviation Organization;
                ``(3) promoting environmental standards adopted by the
            United States and standards promulgated under section 44714;
                ``(4) supporting the acceptance of Administration design
            and production approvals by other civil aviation authorities;
                ``(5) training Administration personnel and training
            provided to other persons;
                ``(6) engaging with regulated entities, including
            performing site visits;
                ``(7) activities associated with subsections (c) through
            (f) of this section; and
                ``(8) other activities as determined by the
            Administrator.''.

    SEC. 504. HELICOPTER AIR AMBULANCE OPERATIONS.

        (a) Outdated Air Ambulance Rulemaking Requirement.--Section 44730
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ``not later than 180
            days after the date of enactment of this section,'';
                (2) in subsection (c) by striking ``address the following''
            and inserting ``consider, or address through other means, the
            following'';
                (3) in subsection (d) by striking ``provide for the
            following'' and inserting ``consider, or address through other
            means, the following''; and
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Subsequent
                    Rulemaking'' and inserting ``Subsequent Actions'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``shall conduct a
                    follow-on rulemaking to address the following:'' and
                    inserting ``shall address through a follow-on
                    rulemaking, or through such other means that the
                    Administrator considers appropriate, the following:'';
                        (C) by striking paragraph (2); and
                        (D) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph
                    (2).
        (b) Safety Management Systems Briefing.--Not later than 180 days
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    how the proposed rule published on January, 11, 2023, titled ``Safety
    Management System'' (88 Fed. Reg. 1932) will--
                (1) improve helicopter air ambulance operations and
            piloting; and
                (2) consider the use of safety equipment by flight crew and
            medical personnel on a helicopter conducting an air ambulance
            operation.
        (c) Improvement of Publication of Helicopter Air Ambulance
    Operations Data.--Section 44731 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (d);
                (2) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) make publicly available, in part or in whole, on the
            website of the Federal Aviation Administration website, the
            database developed pursuant to subsection (c); and
                ``(3) analyze the data submitted under subsection (a)
            periodically and use such data to inform efforts to improve the
            safety of helicopter air ambulance operations.''; and
                (3) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections
            (d) and (e), respectively.

    SEC. 505. GLOBAL AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS.

        (a) FAA Oversight of Repair Stations Located Outside the United
    States.--
                (1) In general.--Section 44733 of title 49, United States
            Code, is amended--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Inspection'' and
                    inserting ``Oversight'';
                        (B) in subsection (a) by striking ``Not later than
                    1 year after the date of enactment of this section,
                    the'' and inserting ``The'';
                        (C) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) by inserting ``, without prior notice
                            to such repair stations,'' after ``annually'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and the applicable laws
                            of the country in which the repair station is
                            located'' after ``international agreements'';
                            and
                                (iii) by striking the last sentence and
                            inserting ``The Administrator may carry out
                            announced or unannounced inspections in
                            addition to the annual unannounced inspection
                            required under this subsection based on
                            identified risks and in a manner consistent
                            with United States obligations under
                            international agreements and the applicable
                            laws of the country in which the part 145
                            repair station is located.'';
                        (D) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection
                    (j); and
                        (E) by inserting after subsection (f) the
                    following:
        ``(g) Data Analysis.--
                ``(1) In general.--Each fiscal year in which a part 121 air
            carrier has had heavy maintenance work performed on an aircraft
            owned or operated by such carrier, such carrier shall provide
            to the Administrator, not later than the end of the following
            fiscal year, a report containing the information described in
            paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Information required.--A report under paragraph (1)
            shall contain the following:
                        ``(A) The location where any heavy maintenance work
                    on aircraft was performed outside the United States.
                        ``(B) A description of the work performed at each
                    such location.
                        ``(C) The date of completion of the work performed
                    at each such location.
                        ``(D) A list of all failures, malfunctions, or
                    defects affecting the safe operation of such aircraft
                    identified by the air carrier not later than 30 days
                    after the date on which an aircraft is returned to
                    service, organized by reference to aircraft
                    registration number, that--
                                ``(i) requires corrective action after the
                            aircraft is approved for return to service; and
                                ``(ii) results from such work performed on
                            such aircraft.
                        ``(E) The certificate number of the person
                    approving such aircraft or on-wing aircraft engine, for
                    return to service following completion of the work
                    performed at each such location.
                ``(3) Analysis.--The Administrator shall--
                        ``(A) analyze information provided under this
                    subsection and sections 121.703, 121.705, 121.707, and
                    145.221 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or
                    any successor provisions of such title, to detect
                    safety issues associated with heavy maintenance work on
                    aircraft performed outside the United States; and
                        ``(B) require appropriate actions by an air carrier
                    or repair station in response to any safety issue
                    identified by the analysis conducted under subparagraph
                    (A).
                ``(4) Confidentiality.--Information provided under this
            subsection shall be subject to the same protections given to
            voluntarily provided safety or security related information
            under section 40123.
        ``(h) Applications and Prohibition.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may not approve any
            new application under part 145 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, from a person located or headquartered in a
            country that the Administration, through the International
            Aviation Safety Assessment program, has classified as Category
            2.
                ``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an
            application for the renewal of a certificate issued under part
            145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(3) Maintenance implementation procedures agreement.--The
            Administrator may elect not to enter into a new maintenance
            implementation procedures agreement with a country classified
            as Category 2, for as long as the country remains classified as
            Category 2.
                ``(4) Prohibition on continued heavy maintenance work.--No
            part 121 air carrier may enter into a new contract for heavy
            maintenance work with a person located or headquartered in a
            country that the Administrator, through the International
            Aviation Safety Assessment program, has classified as Category
            2, for as long as such country remains classified as Category
            2.
        ``(i) Minimum Qualifications for Mechanics and Others Working on
    U.S. Registered Aircraft.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this subsection, the Administrator shall require
            that, at each covered repair station--
                        ``(A) all supervisory personnel of such station are
                    appropriately certificated as a mechanic or repairman
                    under part 65 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
                    or under an equivalent certification or licensing
                    regime, as determined by the Administrator; and
                        ``(B) all personnel of such station authorized to
                    approve an article for return to service are
                    appropriately certificated as a mechanic or repairman
                    under part 65 of such title, or under an equivalent
                    certification or licensing regime, as determined by the
                    Administrator.
                ``(2) Available for consultation.--Not later than 2 years
            after the date of enactment of this subsection, the
            Administrator shall require any individual who is responsible
            for approving an article for return to service or who is
            directly in charge of heavy maintenance work performed on
            aircraft operated by a part 121 air carrier be available for
            consultation while work is being performed at a covered repair
            station.''.
                (2) Definitions.--
                        (A) In general.--Section 44733(j) of title 49,
                    United States Code (as redesignated by this section),
                    is amended--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking
                            ``aircraft'' and inserting ``aircraft
                            (including on-wing aircraft engines)'';
                                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1)
                            through (3) as paragraphs (2) through (4),
                            respectively; and
                                (iii) by inserting before paragraph (2), as
                            so redesignated, the following:
                ``(1) Covered repair station.--The term `covered repair
            station' means a facility that--
                        ``(A) is located outside the United States;
                        ``(B) is a part 145 repair station; and
                        ``(C) performs heavy maintenance work on aircraft
                    operated by a part 121 air carrier.''.
                        (B) Technical amendment.--Section 44733(a)(3) of
                    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
                    ``covered part 145 repair stations'' and inserting
                    ``part 145 repair stations''.
                (3) Conforming amendments.--The analysis for chapter 447 of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item
            relating to section 44733 and inserting the following:

    ``44733. Oversight of repair stations located outside the United
                                States.''.
        (b) International Standards for Safety Oversight of
    Extraterritorial Repair Stations.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall invite other civil aviation
            authorities to convene with the Administration an
            extraterritorial repair station working group (hereinafter
            referred to as the ``Working Group'') to conduct a review of
            the certification and oversight of extraterritorial repair
            stations and to identify any future enhancements or
            harmonization that might be appropriate to strengthen oversight
            of such repair stations and improve global aviation safety.
                (2) Composition of working group.--The Working Group shall
            consist of--
                        (A) technical representatives from the FAA; and
                        (B) such other civil aviation authorities or
                    international intergovernmental aviation safety
                    organizations as the Administrator determines
                    appropriate and are willing to participate, including--
                                (i) civil aviation authorities responsible
                            for certificating extraterritorial repair
                            stations; and
                                (ii) civil aviation authorities of
                            countries in which extraterritorial repair
                            stations are located.
                (3) Consultation.--In conducting the review under this
            section, the Working Group shall, as appropriate, consult with
            relevant experts and stakeholders.
                (4) Recommendations.--The Working Group shall make
            recommendations with respect to any future enhancements that
            might be appropriate to--
                        (A) strengthen oversight of extraterritorial repair
                    stations; and
                        (B) better leverage the resources of other civil
                    aviation authorities to conduct such oversight.
                (5) Reports.--
                        (A) Repair station working group report.--In
                    establishing the Working Group, the Administrator shall
                    task the Working Group with submitting to the
                    participating civil aviation authorities a report
                    containing the findings of the recommendations made
                    under paragraph (4).
                        (B) FAA report.--
                                (i) Transmission of repair station working
                            group report.--The Administrator shall submit
                            to the Committee on Transportation and
                            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives,
                            and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                            Transportation of the Senate a copy of the
                            report required under subparagraph (A) as soon
                            as is practicable after the receipt of such
                            report.
                                (ii) FAA briefing to congress.--Not later
                            than 45 days after receipt of the report under
                            paragraph (1), the Administrator shall brief
                            the Committee on Transportation and
                            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
                            and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                            Transportation of the Senate on--
                                        (I) whether the Administrator
                                    concurs or does not concur with each
                                    recommendation contained in the report
                                    required under subparagraph (A);
                                        (II) any recommendation with which
                                    the Administrator does not concur, a
                                    detailed explanation as to why the
                                    Administrator does not concur;
                                        (III) a plan to implement each
                                    recommendation with which the
                                    Administrator concurs; and
                                        (IV) a plan to work with the
                                    international community to implement
                                    the recommendations applicable to both
                                    the FAA as well as other civil aviation
                                    authorities.
                (6) Termination.--The Working Group shall terminate 90 days
            after the date of submission of the report under paragraph
            (5)(A), unless the Administrator or another participant of the
            Working Group requests for an extension of the Working Group in
            order to inform the implementation and harmonization of any
            recommendation applicable to multiple civil aviation
            authorities.
                (7) Definition of extraterritorial repair station.--In this
            subsection, the term ``extraterritorial repair station'' means
            a repair station that performs heavy maintenance work on an
            aircraft (including on-wing engines) and that is located
            outside of the territory of the country of the civil aviation
            authority which certificated the repair station.
        (c) Alcohol and Drug Testing and Background Checks.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the
            Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
            and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report updating Congress on the progress and
            challenges involved with carrying out the requirements of
            subsection (b) of section 2112 of the FAA Extension, Safety,
            and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44733).
                (2) Sunset.--The reporting requirement under paragraph (1)
            shall cease to be effective after a final rule carrying out the
            requirements of such subsection (b) has been published in the
            Federal Register.
                (3) Rulemaking on assessment requirement.--With respect to
            any employee not covered under the requirements of section
            1554.101 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, the
            Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking or request the head
            of another Federal agency to initiate a rulemaking that
            requires a covered repair station to confirm that any such
            employee has successfully completed an assessment commensurate
            with a security threat assessment described in subpart C of
            part 1540 of such title.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation
            Administration.
                (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
            Administrator of the FAA.
                (3) Covered repair station; heavy maintenance work.--The
            terms ``covered repair station'' and ``heavy maintenance work''
            have the meaning given those terms in section 44733(j) of title
            49, United States Code.

    SEC. 506. ODA BEST PRACTICE SHARING.

        Section 44736(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``Not later than 120 days
            after the date of enactment of this section, the'' and insert
            ``The''; and
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (F) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) convene a forum not less than every 2 years
                    between ODA holders, unit members, and other
                    organizational representatives and relevant experts, in
                    order to--
                                ``(i) share best practices;
                                ``(ii) instill professionalism, ethics, and
                            personal responsibilities in unit members; and
                                ``(iii) foster open and transparent
                            communication between Administration safety
                            specialists, ODA holders, and unit members.''.

    SEC. 507. TRAINING OF ORGANIZATION DELEGATION AUTHORIZATION UNIT
                  MEMBERS.

        (a) Unit Member Annual Ethics Training.--Section 44736 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(g) Ethics Training Requirement for ODA Holders.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall review and ensure each ODA holder
            approved under section 44741 has in effect a recurrent training
            program for all ODA unit members that covers--
                        ``(A) unit member professional obligations and
                    responsibilities;
                        ``(B) the ODA holder's code of ethics as required
                    to be established under section 102(f) of the Aircraft
                    Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act (49
                    U.S.C. 44701 note);
                        ``(C) procedures for reporting safety concerns, as
                    described in the respective approved procedures manual
                    for the delegation;
                        ``(D) the prohibition against and reporting
                    procedures for interference from a supervisor or other
                    ODA member described in section 44742; and
                        ``(E) any additional information the Administrator
                    considers relevant to maintaining ethical and
                    professional standards across all ODA holders and unit
                    members.
                ``(2) FAA review.--
                        ``(A) Review of training program.--The Organization
                    Designation Authorization Office of the Administration
                    shall review each ODA holders' recurrent training
                    program to ensure such program includes all elements
                    described in paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Changes to program.--Such Office may require
                    changes to the training program considered necessary to
                    maintain ethical and professional standards across all
                    ODA holders and unit members.
                ``(3) Training.--As part of the recurrent training required
            under paragraph (1), not later than 60 business days after
            being designated as an ODA unit member, and annually
            thereafter, each ODA unit member shall complete the ethics
            training required by the ODA holder of the respective ODA unit
            member in order to exercise the functions delegated under the
            ODA.
                ``(4) Accountability.--The Administrator shall establish
            such processes or requirements as are necessary to ensure
            compliance with paragraph (3).''.
        (b) Deadline.--An ODA unit member authorized to perform delegated
    functions under an ODA prior to the date of completion of an ethics
    training required under section 44736(g) of title 49, United States
    Code, shall complete such training not later than 60 days after the
    training program is approved by the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration pursuant to such section.

    SEC. 508. CLARIFICATION ON SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INFORMATION
                  DISCLOSURE.

        Section 44735 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``; or'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) if the report, data, or other information is
            submitted for any purpose relating to the development,
            implementation, and use of a safety management system,
            including a system required by regulation, that is acceptable
            to the Administrator.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Other Agencies.--
                ``(1) In general.--The limitation established under
            subsection (a) shall apply to the head of any other Federal
            agency who receives reports, data, or other information
            described in such subsection from the Administrator.
                ``(2) Rule of construction.--This section shall not be
            construed to limit the accident or incident investigation
            authority of the National Transportation Safety Board under
            chapter 11, including the requirement to not disclose
            voluntarily provided safety-related information under section
            1114.''.

    SEC. 509. EXTENSION OF AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION, SAFETY, AND
                  ACCOUNTABILITY ACT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) Appeals of Certification Decisions.--Section 44704(g)(1)(C)(ii)
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``2025'' and
    inserting ``2028''.
        (b) Oversight of Organization Designation Authorization Unit
    Members.--Section 44741(f)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by striking ``Not later than 90 days'' and all that follows
    through ``the Administrator shall provide a briefing'' and inserting
    ``The Administrator shall provide an annual briefing each fiscal year
    through fiscal year 2028''.
        (c) Integrated Project Teams.--Section 108(f) of the Aircraft
    Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act (49 U.S.C. 44704 note) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.
        (d) Voluntary Safety Reporting Program.--Section 113(f) of the
    Aircraft Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act (49 U.S.C. 44701
    note) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.
        (e) Changed Product Rule.--Section 117(b)(1) of the Aircraft
    Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act (49 U.S.C. 44704 note) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 510. DON YOUNG ALASKA AVIATION SAFETY INITIATIVE.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44745. Don Young Alaska Aviation Safety Initiative
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall redesignate the FAA Alaska Aviation Safety
    Initiative of the Administration as the Don Young Alaska Aviation
    Safety Initiative (in this section referred to as the `Initiative'),
    under which the Administrator shall carry out the provisions of this
    section and take such other actions as the Administrator determines
    appropriate to improve aviation safety in covered locations.
        ``(b) Objective.--The objective of the Initiative shall be to work
    cooperatively with aviation stakeholders and other stakeholders towards
    the goal of--
                ``(1) reducing the rate of fatal aircraft accidents in
            covered locations by 90 percent from 2019 to 2033; and
                ``(2) by January 1, 2033, eliminating fatal accidents of
            aircraft operated by an air carrier that operates under part
            135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        ``(c) Leadership.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall designate the
            Regional Administrator for the Alaskan Region of the
            Administration to serve as the Director of the Initiative.
                ``(2) Reporting chain.--In all matters relating to the
            Initiative, the Director of the Initiative shall report
            directly to the Administrator.
                ``(3) Coordination.--The Director of the Initiative shall
            coordinate with the heads of other offices and lines of
            business of the Administration, including the other regional
            administrators, to carry out the Initiative.
        ``(d) Automated Weather Systems.--
                ``(1) Requirement.--The Administrator shall ensure, to the
            greatest extent practicable, that a covered automated weather
            system is installed and operated at each covered airport not
            later than December 31, 2030.
                ``(2) Waiver.--In complying with the requirement under
            paragraph (1), the Administrator may waive any positive
            benefit-cost ratio requirement for the installation and
            operation of a covered automated weather system.
                ``(3) Prioritization.--In developing the installation
            timeline of a covered automated weather system at a covered
            airport pursuant to this subsection, the Administrator shall--
                        ``(A) coordinate and consult with the governments
                    with jurisdiction over covered locations, covered
                    airports, air carriers operating in covered locations,
                    private pilots based in covered locations, and such
                    other members of the aviation community in covered
                    locations; and
                        ``(B) prioritize early installation at covered
                    airports that would enable the greatest number of
                    instrument flight rule operations by air carriers
                    operating under part 121 or 135 of title 14, Code of
                    Federal Regulations.
                ``(4) Reliability.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Pertaining to both Federal and
                    non-Federal systems, the Administrator shall be
                    responsible for ensuring--
                                ``(i) the reliability of covered automated
                            weather systems; and
                                ``(ii) the availability of weather
                            information from such systems.
                        ``(B) Specifications.--The Administrator shall
                    establish data availability and equipment reliability
                    specifications for covered automated weather systems.
                        ``(C) System reliability and restoration plan.--Not
                    later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this
                    section, the Administrator shall establish an automated
                    weather system reliability and restoration plan. Such
                    plan shall document the Administrator's strategy for
                    ensuring covered automated weather system reliability,
                    including the availability of weather information from
                    such system, and for restoring service in as little
                    time as possible.
                        ``(D) Telecommunications or other failures.--If a
                    covered automated weather system is unable to broadly
                    disseminate weather information due to a
                    telecommunications failure or a failure other than an
                    equipment failure, the Administrator shall take such
                    actions as may be necessary to restore the full
                    functionality and connectivity of the covered automated
                    weather system. The Administrator shall take actions
                    under this subparagraph with the same urgency as the
                    Administrator would take an action to repair a covered
                    automated weather system equipment failure or data
                    fidelity issue.
                        ``(E) Reliability data.--In tabulating data
                    relating to the operational status of covered automated
                    weather systems (including individually or
                    collectively), the Administrator may not consider a
                    covered automated weather system that is functioning
                    nominally but is unable to broadly disseminate weather
                    information telecommunications failure or a failure
                    other than an equipment failure as functioning
                    reliably.
                ``(5) Inventory.--The Administrator shall consider storing
            excess inventory necessary for air traffic control equipment,
            including commonly required replacement parts, in covered
            locations to reduce the amount of time necessary to acquire
            such equipment or such parts necessary to replace or repair air
            traffic control system components.
                ``(6) Visual weather observation system.--Not later than 1
            year after the date of enactment of this section, the
            Administrator shall take such actions as may be necessary to--
                        ``(A) deploy visual weather observation systems;
                    and
                        ``(B) ensure that such systems are capable of
                    meeting the definition of covered automated weather
                    systems.
        ``(e) Weather Cameras.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Director shall continuously assess
            the state of the weather camera systems in covered locations to
            ensure the operational sufficiency and reliability of such
            systems.
                ``(2) Applications.--The Director shall--
                        ``(A) accept applications from persons to install
                    weather cameras; and
                        ``(B) consult with the governments with
                    jurisdiction over covered locations, covered airports,
                    air carriers operating in covered locations, private
                    pilots based in covered locations, and such other
                    members of the aviation community in covered locations
                    as the Administrator determines appropriate to solicit
                    additional locations at which to install and operate
                    weather cameras.
                ``(3) Presumption.--Unless the Director has clear and
            compelling evidence to the contrary, the Director shall presume
            that the installation of a weather camera at a covered airport,
            or that is recommended by a government with jurisdiction over a
            covered location, is cost beneficial and will improve aviation
            safety.
        ``(f) Cooperation With Other Agencies.--In carrying out this
    section, the Administrator shall cooperate with the heads of other
    Federal or State agencies with responsibilities affecting aviation
    safety in covered locations, including the collection and dissemination
    of weather data.
        ``(g) Surveillance and Communication.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Director shall take such actions as
            may be necessary to--
                        ``(A) encourage and incentivize the equipage of
                    aircrafts that operate under part 135 of title 14, Code
                    of Federal Regulations, with automatic dependent
                    surveillance and broadcast out equipment; and
                        ``(B) improve aviation surveillance and
                    communications in covered locations.
                ``(2) Requirement.--Not later than December 31, 2030, the
            Administrator shall ensure that automatic dependent
            surveillance and broadcast coverage is available at 5,000 feet
            above ground level throughout each covered location.
                ``(3) Waiver.--In complying with the requirement under
            paragraph (2), the Administrator shall waive any positive
            benefit-cost ratio requirement for the installation and
            operation of equipment and facilities necessary to implement
            such requirement.
                ``(4) Service areas.--The Director shall continuously
            identify additional automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast
            service areas in which the deployment of automatic dependent
            surveillance-broadcast receivers and equipment would improve
            aviation safety.
        ``(h) Other Projects.--The Director shall continue to build upon
    other initiatives recommended in the reports of the FAA Alaska Aviation
    Safety Initiative of the Administration published before the date of
    enactment of this section.
        ``(i) Annual Report.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Director shall submit an annual
            report on the status and progress of the Initiative to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate.
                ``(2) Objectives and requirements.--The report under
            paragraph (1) shall include a detailed description of the
            Director's progress in and plans for meeting the objectives of
            the Initiative under subsection (b) and the other requirements
            of this section.
                ``(3) Stakeholder comments.--The Director shall append
            stakeholder comments, organized by topic, to each report
            submitted under paragraph (1) in the same manner as appendix 3
            of the report titled `FAA Alaska Aviation Safety Initiative
            FY21 Final Report', dated September 30, 2021.
        ``(j) Funding.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, in fiscal years 2024 through 2028--
                        ``(A) the Administrator may, upon application from
                    the government with jurisdiction over a covered
                    location, use amounts apportioned to a covered location
                    under subsection (d)(2)(B) or subsection (e)(5) of
                    section 47114 to carry out the Initiative; or
                        ``(B) the sponsor of an airport in a covered
                    location that receives an apportionment under
                    subsection (d)(2)(B) or subsection (e) of section 47114
                    may use such apportionment for any purpose contained in
                    this section.
                ``(2) Supplemental funding.--Out of amounts made available
            under section 106(k) and section 48101, not more than a total
            of $25,000,000 for each of fiscal year 2024 through 2028 is
            authorized to be expended to carry out the Initiative.
        ``(k) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered airport.--The term `covered airport' means an
            airport in a covered location that is included in the national
            plan of integrated airport systems required under section 47103
            and that has a status other than unclassified in such plan.
                ``(2) Covered automated weather system.--The term `covered
            automated weather system' means an automated or visual weather
            reporting facility that enables a pilot to begin an instrument
            procedure approach to an airport under section 91.1039 or
            135.225 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(3) Covered location.--The term `covered location' means
            Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern
            Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands.
        ``(l) Conformity.--The Administrator shall conduct all activities
    required under this section in conformity with section 44720.''.
        (b) Remote Positions.--Section 40122(g) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Remote positions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If the Administrator determines
                    that a covered position has not been filled after
                    multiple vacancy announcements and that there are
                    unique circumstances affecting the ability of the
                    Administrator to fill such position, the Administrator
                    may consider, in consultation with the appropriate
                    labor union, applicants for the covered position who
                    apply under a vacancy announcement recruiting from the
                    State or territory in which the position is based.
                        ``(B) Covered position defined.--In this paragraph,
                    the term `covered position' means a safety-critical
                    position based in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, American
                    Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the
                    Virgin Islands.''.
        (c) Runway Length.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary of Transportation may not require an airport to shorten a
    runway or prevent airport improvement grants made by the Secretary to
    be used for rehabilitating, reconstructing, or extending a primary
    runway on the basis that the airport does not have a sufficient number
    of aircraft operations requiring a certain runway length if--
                (1) the airport is located in a covered location;
                (2) the airport is not connected to the road transportation
            network; and
                (3) the runway length is utilized by aircraft to deliver
            necessary cargo, including heating fuel and gasoline, for the
            community served by the airport.
        (d) Alaskan Regional Administrator.--
                (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                        (A) the Regional Administrator for the Alaskan
                    Region is a uniquely important position that
                    contributes to aviation safety in the State of Alaska;
                        (B) vacancies in any Federal Aviation
                    Administration office have a deleterious effect on the
                    efficacy of the Alaskan Region office;
                        (C) a prolonged vacancy in the position of Regional
                    Administrator for the Alaskan Region may be detrimental
                    to the effective administration of such region and the
                    Don Young Alaska Aviation Safety Initiative; and
                        (D) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration should ensure that any vacancy in the
                    position of Regional Administrator for the Alaskan
                    Region is filled will a highly qualified candidate as
                    expeditiously as possible.
                (2) Vacancy notification requirements.--
                        (A) Initial vacancy.--The Administrator of the
                    Federal Aviation Administration shall notify the
                    appropriate committees of Congress when there is a
                    vacancy for the position of Regional Administrator for
                    the Alaskan Region.
                        (B) Status updates.--Not later than 90 days after
                    the notification under subparagraph (A) (and every 30
                    days thereafter until the vacancy described under
                    subparagraph (A) is filled), the Administrator shall
                    notify the appropriate committees of Congress of any
                    vacancy of such position, if so, provide an estimated
                    timeline for filling such vacancy.
                        (C) Appropriate committees of congress defined.--In
                    this paragraph, the term ``appropriate committees of
                    Congress'' means the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
                    the Senate.
                        (D) Sunset.--This paragraph shall cease to be
                    effective after September 30, 2028.
        (e) Implementation of NTSB Recommendations.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall take such
            actions as may be necessary to implement National
            Transportation Safety Board recommendations A-22-25 and A-22-26
            (as contained in Aviation Investigation Report AIR-22-09,
            adopted November 16, 2022).
                (2) Coordination.--In taking actions under paragraph (1),
            the Administrator shall coordinate with the State of Alaska,
            airports in Alaska, air carriers operating in Alaska, private
            pilots (including tour operators) based in Alaska, and such
            other members of the Alaska aviation community or other
            stakeholders as the Administrator determines appropriate.
        (f) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``44745. Don Young Alaska Aviation Safety Initiative.''.

    SEC. 511. CONTINUED OVERSIGHT OF FAA COMPLIANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 122 of the Aircraft Certification, Safety, and
    Accountability Act (Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 2344) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b) by striking paragraph (2) and
            inserting the following:
                ``(2) conduct an annual agency-wide evaluation of the
            Compliance Program through fiscal year 2028 to assess the
            functioning and effectiveness of such program and to
            determine--
                        ``(A) the need for long-term metrics that, to the
                    maximum extent practicable, apply to all program
                    offices to assess the effectiveness of the program;
                        ``(B) if the program ensures the highest level of
                    compliance with safety standards; and
                        ``(C) if the program has met its stated safety
                    goals and purpose;'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(4) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2028''; and
                (3) in subsection (d) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2028''.

    SEC. 512. SCALABILITY OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.

        In conducting any rulemaking to require, or implementing a
    regulation requiring, a safety management system, the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall consider the scalability of
    such safety management system requirements to the full range of
    entities in terms of size or complexity that may be affected by such
    rulemaking or regulation, including--
                (1) how an entity can demonstrate compliance using various
            documentation, tools, and methods, including, as appropriate,
            systems with multiple small operators collectively monitoring
            for and addressing risks;
                (2) a review of traditional safety management techniques
            and the suitability of such techniques for small entities;
                (3) the applicability of existing safety management system
            programs implemented by an entity;
                (4) the suitability of existing requirements under part 5
            of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, for small entities;
            and
                (5) other unique challenges relating to small entities the
            Administrator determines appropriate to consider.

    SEC. 513. FINALIZE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM RULEMAKING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a final rule relating to the Notice of
    Proposed Rulemaking of the Federal Aviation Administration titled
    ``Safety Management Systems'', issued on January 11, 2023.
        (b) Applicability.--In issuing a final rule under subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall ensure that the safety management system
    requirement under the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking described in
    subsection (a) is applied to all certificate holders operating under
    the rules for commuter and on-demand operations under part 135 of title
    14, Code of Federal Regulations, commercial air tour operators
    operating under section 91.147 of such title, production certificate
    holders that are holders or licensees of a type certificate for the
    same product, and holders of a type certificate who license out such
    certificate for production under part 21 of such title.

    SEC. 514. IMPROVEMENTS TO AVIATION SAFETY INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND
                  SHARING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall implement improvements to the Aviation Safety Information
    Analysis and Sharing Program with respect to safety data sharing and
    risk mitigation.
        (b) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall--
                (1) identify methods to increase the rate at which data is
            collected, processed, and analyzed to expeditiously share
            safety intelligence;
                (2) develop predictive capabilities to anticipate emerging
            safety risks;
                (3) identify methods to improve shared data environments
            with external stakeholders;
                (4) establish a robust process for prioritizing requests
            for safety information;
                (5) establish guidance to encourage regular safety
            inspector review of non-confidential aviation safety and
            performance data;
                (6) identify industry segments not yet included and conduct
            outreach to such industry segments to increase the rate of
            participation, including--
                        (A) general aviation;
                        (B) rotorcraft;
                        (C) air ambulance; and
                        (D) maintenance facilities; and
                (7) establish processes for obtaining and analyzing
            comprehensive and aggregate data for new and future industry
            segments.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed--
                (1) to require the Administrator to share confidential or
            proprietary information and data to safety inspectors for
            purposes of enforcement; or
                (2) to limit the applicability of section 44735 of title
            49, United States Code, to the Aviation Safety Information
            Analysis and Sharing Program.
        (d) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter until the improvements under
    subsection (a) are made, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the progress of implementation of the Aviation Safety Information
    Analysis and Sharing Program and steps taken to make improvements under
    subsection (a).

    SEC. 515. IMPROVEMENT OF CERTIFICATION PROCESSES.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall continually look for opportunities and methods to
    improve the processing of applications, consideration of applications,
    communication with applicants, and quality of feedback provided to
    applicants, for aircraft certification projects.
        (b) Certification Improvements.--Not later than 270 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into an
    appropriate arrangement with a qualified third-party organization or
    consortium to identify and assess digital tools and software systems to
    allow for efficient and virtual evaluation of an applicant design,
    associated documentation, and software or systems engineering product,
    including in digital 3 dimensional formats or using model-based systems
    engineering design techniques for aircraft certification projects.
        (c) Parties to Review.--In identifying digital tools and software
    systems as described in subsection (b), the Administrator shall ensure
    that the qualified third-party organization or consortium entering into
    an arrangement under this section shall, throughout the review, consult
    with--
                (1) the aircraft certification and flight standards offices
            or services of the Administration; and
                (2) at least 3 industry members representing aircraft and
            aircraft part manufacturing interests.
        (d) Digital Tool and Software System Requirements.--In identifying
    digital tools and software systems under subsection (b), the qualified
    third-party organization or consortium shall--
                (1) consider the interoperability of such systems to the
            extent practicable;
                (2) consider the scalability and usability of such systems
            for differing use-cases by aircraft manufacturers, aircraft
            operators, and the Administration, including cross-office use-
            cases within the Administration;
                (3) consider such systems currently in use by United States
            manufacturers or other civil aviation authorities for
            certification and engineering purposes;
                (4) consider the--
                        (A) available technology support for such systems;
                    and
                        (B) ability for such systems to be updated and
                    adapted over time to improve user interfaces, including
                    providing additional functionalities and addressing
                    gaps;
                (5) consider the ability of digital tools and software
            systems to aid in the electronic review of software components
            of aircraft and aircraft systems;
                (6) consider the ability of the Administration and aircraft
            designers to use digital tools and software systems for
            corrective actions and modifications in a more rapid fashion;
                (7) determine if each system provides adequate protections
            for the exchange of information between governmental and
            nongovernmental entities, including--
                        (A) intellectual property protections;
                        (B) cyber and network security protections; and
                        (C) the ability for governmental and
                    nongovernmental entities to control what is acceptable
                    and what is restricted for other parties;
                (8) evaluate the estimated ease of adoption and any
            impediments to adoption for personnel of the Federal Aviation
            Administration; and
                (9) evaluate the ability for nongovernmental organizations
            of various sizes to adopt and utilize the digital and software
            systems identified under subsection (b) to improve the aircraft
            certification application and coordination processes with the
            Administration.
        (e) Assessment.--After reviewing digital and software systems under
    subsection (b), the qualified third-party organization or consortium
    shall provide an assessment to the Administrator as to--
                (1) whether or not digital and software systems and tools
            would improve the coordination of the Administration with
            industry;
                (2) whether or not such systems and tools would improve the
            ability of the Administration to validate and verify aircraft
            and software designs in non-paper formats; and
                (3) the potential safety benefits or safety risks of using
            such systems and tools.
        (f) Content of Assessment.--In the event the qualified third-party
    organization or consortium finds that digital and software systems and
    tools would assist the work of the Administration and improve
    certification projects processing, the assessment described under
    subsection (e) shall also include--
                (1) a prioritization, expected costs, and timeline of
            acquisitions and training based on immediate and future needs
            and benefits; and
                (2) suggest actions the Administration could take in order
            to institutionalize the use of such technologies at the
            headquarters and field offices of the Administration, and to
            protect information shared through such technologies, including
            recommended updates to orders issued by the Administration.
        (g) Implementation.--Based on the assessment required in
    subsections (e) and (f), if the qualified third-party organization
    finds that the use of digital software systems and tools would assist
    the work of the agency, the Administrator shall--
                (1) provide the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate with a briefing on the intended actions of the
            Administrator;
                (2) not later than 60 days after receiving such assessment
            develop a plan to--
                        (A) work towards the acquisition of the systems and
                    tools recommended, subject to the availability of
                    appropriations;
                        (B) update any applicable orders and guidance to
                    allow for the use of these new systems and tools by
                    personnel of the Administration and nongovernmental
                    entities applying to or coordinating with the
                    Administration on certification related activities, at
                    the discretion of the applicant or nongovernmental
                    entity;
                        (C) on an ongoing basis review and modify orders
                    and guidance to improve the use of these systems and
                    tools as well as addressing any intellectual property
                    vulnerabilities; and
        (h) Briefing.--Not later than 30 months after receiving such
    assessment, the Administrator shall provide the committees described in
    paragraph (1) with a briefing on the use, benefits, and any drawbacks
    of the systems and tools, including comparisons between certification
    programs using and not using digital and software systems and tools.

    SEC. 516. INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS AVIATION RULEMAKING
                  COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall convene an aviation rulemaking committee to review, and develop
    findings and recommendations regarding, instructions for continued
    airworthiness (as described in section 21.50 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations), and provide to the Administrator a report on such
    findings and recommendations and for other related purposes as
    determined by the Administrator.
        (b) Composition.--The aviation rulemaking committee established
    pursuant to subsection (a) shall consist of members appointed by the
    Administrator, including representatives of--
                (1) holders of type certificates (as described in subpart B
            of part 21, title 14, Code of Federal Regulations);
                (2) holders of production certificates (as described in
            subpart G of part 21, title 14, Code of Federal Regulations);
                (3) holders of parts manufacturer approvals (as described
            in subpart K of part 21, title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations);
                (4) holders of technical standard order authorizations (as
            described in subpart O of part 21, title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations);
                (5) operators under parts 121, 125, or 135 of title 14,
            Code of Federal Regulations;
                (6) holders of repair station certificates (as described in
            section 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations) that are
            not also type certificate holders as included under paragraph
            (1), production certificate holders as included under paragraph
            (2), or aircraft operators as included under paragraph (5) (or
            associated with any such entities);
                (7) the certified bargaining representative of aviation
            safety inspectors and engineers for the Administration;
                (8) general aviation operators;
                (9) mechanics certificated under part 65 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations;
                (10) holders of supplemental type certificates (as
            described in subpart E of part 21 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations);
                (11) designated engineering representatives employed by
            repair stations described in paragraph (6); and
                (12) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of
            instructions for continued airworthiness policies and
            regulations.
        (c) Considerations.--The aviation rulemaking committee established
    pursuant to subsection (a) shall consider--
                (1) existing standards, regulations, certifications,
            assessments, and guidance related to instructions for continued
            airworthiness and the clarity of such standards, regulations,
            certifications, assessments, and guidance to all parties;
                (2) the sufficiency of safety data used in preparing
            instructions for continued airworthiness;
                (3) the sufficiency of maintenance data used in preparing
            instructions for continued airworthiness;
                (4) the protection of proprietary information and
            intellectual property in instructions for continued
            airworthiness;
                (5) the availability of instructions for continued
            airworthiness, as needed, for maintenance activities;
                (6) the need to harmonize or deconflict proposed and
            existing regulations with other Federal regulations, guidance,
            and policies;
                (7) international collaboration, where appropriate and
            consistent with the interests of safety in air commerce and
            national security, with other civil aviation authorities,
            international aviation and standards organizations, and any
            other appropriate entities; and
                (8) any other matter the Administrator determines
            appropriate.
        (d) Duties.--The Administrator shall--
                (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
            this Act, submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a copy of the aviation rulemaking committee report under
            subsection (a); and
                (2) not later than 180 days after the date of submission of
            the report under paragraph (1), initiate a rulemaking activity
            or make such policy and guidance updates necessary to address
            any consensus recommendations reached by the aviation
            rulemaking committee established pursuant to subsection (a), as
            determined appropriate by the Administrator.

    SEC. 517. CLARITY FOR SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue or update guidance, policy documents,
    orders, job aids, or regulations to clarify the conditions under which
    a major alteration will require a supplemental type certificate under
    part 21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Contents.--Issuances or updates under subsection (a) shall
    include providing clarity around--
                (1) the terms ``might appreciatively effect'' and ``no
            appreciable effect pursuant to sections 1.1 and 21.93 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations, respectively''; and
                (2) whether the term ``other approved design'', as such
            term appears in part 21.1 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, includes engineering data approved by the
            Administrator by means other than through a supplemental type
            certificate.
        (c) Considerations.--In satisfying subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall make such updates as necessary to provide
    consideration for the level of effort required by an applicant to make
    a major alteration and the associated level of risk to the national
    airspace system for a single aircraft or multiple aircraft using such
    alteration.

    SEC. 518. USE OF ADVANCED TOOLS IN CERTIFYING AEROSPACE PRODUCTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall complete an assessment of the use of advanced
    tools during the testing, analysis, and verification stages of
    aerospace certification projects to reduce the risks associated with
    high-risk flight profiles and performing limit testing.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the assessment under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider--
                (1) instances where high risk flight profiles and limit
            testing have already occurred in the certification process and
            the applicability of such test data for use in other aspects of
            flight testing;
                (2) the safety of pilots during such testing;
                (3) the value and accuracy of data collected using such
            advanced tools;
                (4) the ability to produce more extensive data sets using
            such advanced tools;
                (5) any aspects of testing for which the use of such tools
            would not be valuable or applicable;
                (6) the cost of using such advanced tools; and
                (7) the best practices of other civil aviation authorities
            that permit the use of advanced tools during aerospace
            certification projects.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the assessment under subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall consult with--
                (1) aircraft manufacturers, including manufacturers that
            have designed and certified aircraft under--
                        (A) part 23 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations;
                        (B) part 25 of such title; or
                        (C) part 27 of such title;
                (2) aircraft manufacturers that have designed and
            certified, or are in the process of certifying, aircraft with a
            novel design under part 21.17(b) of such title;
                (3) associations representing aircraft manufacturers;
                (4) researchers and academics in related fields; and
                (5) pilots who are experts in flight testing.
        (d) Congressional Report.--Not later than 60 days after the
    completion of the assessment under subsection (a), the Administrator
    shall brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on--
                (1) the results of the assessment conducted under
            subsection (a); and
                (2) how the Administrator plans to implement the findings
            of the assessment and any changes needed to Administration
            policy, guidance, and regulations to allow for and optimize the
            use of advanced tools during the certification of aerospace
            products in order to reduce risk and improve safety outcomes.

    SEC. 519. TRANSPORT AIRPLANE AND PROPULSION CERTIFICATION
                  MODERNIZATION.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall publish a
    notice of proposed rulemaking for the rulemaking activity titled
    ``Transport Airplane and Propulsion Certification Modernization'',
    published in Fall 2022 in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and
    Deregulatory Actions (RIN 2120-AL42).

    SEC. 520. ENGINE FIRE PROTECTION STANDARDS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall establish an internal regulatory review team to review and
    compare domestic and international airworthiness standards and guidance
    for aircraft engine firewalls.
        (b) Review.--In completing the review under subsection (a), the
    regulatory review team shall--
                (1) identify any significant differences in standards or
            guidance with respect to test article selection, fire test
            boundaries, and pass-fail criteria;
                (2) consider if alternative international standards used by
            peer civil aviation authorities reflect best practices that
            should be adopted by the Administration;
                (3) recommend updates, if appropriate, to the Significant
            Standards List of the Administration based on any findings;
                (4) assess whether a selection of aircraft engine firewalls
            certified by other civil aviation authorities, which were
            validated by the Administration, comply with the requirements
            of the Administration;
                (5) recommend actions the Administration should take during
            future validation activities or with other civil aviation
            authorities to address any gaps in requirements; and
                (6) consult with industry stakeholders during such review.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 120 days after the completion of the
    review under subsection (a), the Administrator shall brief the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the findings and recommendations
    stemming from such review.

    SEC. 521. RISK MODEL FOR PRODUCTION FACILITY INSPECTIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act and periodically thereafter, the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall--
                (1) conduct a review of the risk-based model used by
            Federal Aviation Administration certification management
            offices to inform the frequency of aircraft manufacturing or
            production facility inspections; and
                (2) update the model to ensure such model adequately
            accounts for risk at facilities during periods of increased
            production.
        (b) Briefings.--Not later than 60 days after the date on which the
    review is conducted under subsection (a), the Administrator shall brief
    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on--
                (1) the results of the review;
                (2) any changes made to the risk-based model described in
            subsection (a); and
                (3) how such changes would help improve the in-plant
            inspection process.

    SEC. 522. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the issuance of a
    final rule on the proposed rule of the Federal Aviation Administration
    titled ``Installation and Operation of Flightdeck Installed Physical
    Secondary Barriers on Transport Category Airlines in Part 121
    Service'', and issued on August 1, 2022 (87 Fed. Reg. 46892), the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall convene an
    aviation rulemaking committee to review and develop findings and
    recommendations to require installation of a secondary cockpit barrier
    on commercial passenger aircraft operated under the provisions of part
    121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, that are not captured
    under another regulation or proposed regulation.
        (b) Membership.--The Administrator shall chair and appoint the
    members of the rulemaking committee convened under subsection (a),
    which shall be comprised of at least 1 representative from the
    constituencies of--
                (1) mainline air carriers;
                (2) regional air carriers;
                (3) aircraft manufacturers;
                (4) passenger aircraft pilots represented by a labor group;
                (5) flight attendants represented by a labor group;
                (6) airline passengers; and
                (7) other stakeholders the Administrator determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Considerations.--The aviation rulemaking committee convened
    under subsection (a) shall consider--
                (1) minimum dimension requirements for secondary barriers
            on all aircraft types operated under part 121 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations;
                (2) secondary barrier performance standards manufacturers
            and air carriers must meet for such aircraft types;
                (3) the availability of certified secondary barriers
            suitable for use on such aircraft types;
                (4) the development, certification, testing, manufacturing,
            installation, and training for secondary barriers for such
            aircraft types;
                (5) flight duration and stage length;
                (6) the location of lavatory on such aircraft as related to
            operational complexities;
                (7) operational complexities;
                (8) any risks to safely evacuate passengers of such
            aircraft; and
                (9) other considerations the Administrator determines
            appropriate.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 12 months after the
    convening of the aviation rulemaking committee described in subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a report based on
    the findings and recommendations of the aviation rulemaking committee
    convened under subsection (a), to include--
                (1) if applicable, any dissenting positions on the findings
            and the rationale for each position; and
                (2) any disagreements, including the rationale for each
            position and the reasons for the disagreement.
        (e) Installation of Secondary Cockpit Barriers of Existing
    Aircraft.--Not later than 36 months after the date of the submission of
    the report of subsection (d), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall, taking into consideration the final reported
    findings and recommendations of the aviation rulemaking committee,
    issue a final rule requiring installation of a secondary cockpit
    barrier on each commercial passenger aircraft operated under the
    provisions of part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 523. REVIEW OF FAA USE OF AVIATION SAFETY DATA.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall enter into an appropriate arrangement with a qualified third-
    party organization or consortium to evaluate the Administration's
    collection, collation, analysis, and use of aviation data across the
    Administration.
        (b) Consultation.--In completing the evaluation under subsection
    (a), the qualified third-party organization or consortium shall--
                (1) seek the input of experts in data analytics, including
            at least 1 expert in the commercial data services or analytics
            solutions sector;
                (2) consult with the National Transportation Safety Board
            and the Transportation Research Board; and
                (3) consult with appropriate federally funded research and
            development centers, to the extent that such centers are not
            already involved in the evaluation.
        (c) Substance of Evaluation.--In completing the evaluation under
    subsection (a), the qualified third-party organization or consortium
    shall--
                (1) compile a list of internal and external sources,
            databases, and streams of information the Administration
            receives or has access to that provide the Administration with
            operational or safety information and data about the national
            airspace system, its users, and other regulated entities of the
            Administration;
                (2) review data sets to determine completeness and accuracy
            of relevant information;
                (3) identify gaps in information that the Administration
            could fill through sharing agreements, partnerships, or other
            means that would add value during safety trend analysis;
                (4) assess the Administration's capabilities, including
            analysis systems and workforce skillsets, to analyze relevant
            data and information to make informed decisions;
                (5) review data and information for proper storage,
            identification controls, and data privacy--
                        (A) as required by law; and
                        (B) consistent with best practices for data
                    collection, storage, and use;
                (6) review the format of such data and identify methods to
            improve the usefulness of such data;
                (7) assess internal and external access to data for--
                        (A) appropriateness based on data type and level of
                    detail;
                        (B) proper data access protocols and precautions;
                    and
                        (C) maximizing availability of safety-related data
                    that could support the improvement of safety management
                    systems of and trend identification by regulated
                    entities and the Administration;
                (8) examine the collation and dissemination of data within
            offices and between offices of the Administration;
                (9) review and recommend improvements to the data analysis
            techniques of the Administration; and
                (10) recommend investments the Administration should
            consider to better collect, manage, and analyze data sets,
            including within and between offices of the Administration.
        (d) Access to Information.--The Administration shall provide the
    qualified third-party organization or consortium and the experts
    described in subsection (b) with adequate access to safety and
    operational data collected by and held by the agency across all offices
    of the Administration, except if specific access is otherwise
    prohibited by law.
        (e) Nondisclosure.--Prior to participating in the review, the
    Administrator shall ensure that each person participating in the
    evaluation under this section enters into an agreement with the
    Administrator in which the person shall be prohibited from disclosing
    at any time, except as required by law, to any person, foreign or
    domestic, any non-public information made accessible to the federally
    funded research and development center under this section.
        (f) Report.--The qualified third-party organization or consortium
    carrying out the evaluation under this section shall provide a report
    of the findings of the center to the Administrator and include
    recommendations to improve the Administration's collection, collation,
    analysis, and use of aviation data, including recommendations to--
                (1) improve data access across offices within the
            Administration, as necessary, to support efficient execution of
            safety analysis and programs across such offices;
                (2) improve data storage best practices;
                (3) develop or refine methods for collating data from
            multiple administration and industry sources; and
                (4) procure or use available analytics tools to draw
            conclusions and identify previously unrecognized trends or
            miscategorized risks in the aviation system, particularly when
            identification of such information requires the analysis of
            multiple sets of data from multiple sources.
        (g) Implementation of Recommendations.--Not later than 6 months
    after the receipt of the report under subsection (f), the Administrator
    shall review, develop an implementation plan, and begin the
    implementation of the recommendations received in such report.
        (h) Review of Implementation.--The qualified third-party
    organization or consortium that conducted the initial evaluation, and
    any experts who contributed to such evaluation pursuant to subsection
    (b)(1), shall provide regular feedback and advice to the Administrator
    on the implementation plan developed under subsection (g) and any
    implementation activities for at least 2 years beginning on the date of
    the receipt of the report under subsection (f).
        (i) Report to Congress.--The Administrator shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate the report described in subsection (f) and
    the implementation plan described in subsection (g).
        (j) Existing Reporting Systems.--Consistent with section 132 of the
    Aircraft Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act (Public Law 116-
    260), the Executive Director of the Transportation Research Board, in
    consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the
    Administrator, may further harmonize data and sources following the
    implementation of recommendations contained in the report required
    under subsection (g).
        (k) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to permit the public disclosure of information submitted
    under a voluntary safety reporting program or that is otherwise
    protected under section 44735 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 524. PART 135 DUTY AND REST.

        (a) Part 91 Tail-end Ferry Rulemaking.--Not later than 3 years
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall require that any operation
    conducted by a flightcrew member during an assigned duty period under
    the operational control of an operator holding a certificate under part
    135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, before, during, or after
    the duty period (including any operations under part 91 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations), without an intervening rest period, shall
    count towards the flight time and duty period limitations of such
    flightcrew member under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations.
        (b) Record Keeping.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall update any
    Administration policy and guidance regarding complete and accurate
    record keeping practices for operators holding a certificate under part
    135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, in order to properly
    document, at a minimum--
                (1) flightcrew assignments;
                (2) flightcrew prospective rest notifications;
                (3) compliance with flight and duty times limitations and
            post-duty rest requirements; and
                (4) duty period start and end times.
        (c) Safety Management System Oversight.--The Administrator, in
    performing oversight of the safety management system of an operator
    holding a certificate under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, following the implementation of the final rule issued
    based on the rulemaking titled ``Safety Management Systems'', and
    published on January 11, 2023 (88 Fed. Reg 1932), shall ensure such
    operator is evaluating and appropriately mitigating aviation safety
    risks, including, at minimum, risks associated with--
                (1) inadequate flightcrew member duty and rest periods; and
                (2) incomplete records pertaining to flightcrew rest, duty,
            and flight times.
        (d) Organ Transportation Flights.--In updating guidance and policy
    pursuant to subsection (b), the Administrator shall consider and allow
    for appropriate accommodations, including accommodations related to
    subsections (b)(2) and (b)(4) for operators--
                (1) performing organ transportation operations; and
                (2) who have in place a means by which to identify and
            mitigate risks associated with flightcrew duty and rest.

    SEC. 525. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44746. Cockpit recording device
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall complete a rulemaking proceeding to--
                ``(1) require that, not later than 4 years after the date
            of enactment of this section, all applicable aircraft are
            fitted with a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder
            that are each capable of recording the most recent 25 hours of
            data;
                ``(2) prohibit any person from deliberately erasing or
            tampering with any recording on such a cockpit voice recorder
            or flight data recorder following a National Transportation
            Safety Board reportable event under part 830 of title 49, Code
            of Federal Regulations, or where crew would reasonably believe
            an aircraft lined up on an incorrect runway or incorrect
            taxiway, the aircraft landing at the wrong airport, the
            aircraft significantly overpassed the destination airport, or
            the crew have been alerted of a possible pilot deviation and
            provide for civil and criminal penalties for such deliberate
            erasing or tampering, which may be assessed in accordance with
            section 1155 and section 32 of title 18;
                ``(3) require that such a cockpit voice recorder has the
            capability for an operator to use an erasure feature, such as
            an installed bulk erase function, consistent with applicable
            law and regulations;
                ``(4) require that, in the case of such a cockpit voice
            recorder or flight data recorder that uses a solid state
            recording medium in which activation of a bulk erase function
            assigns a random discrete code to the deleted recording, only
            the manufacturer of the recorder and National Transportation
            Safety Board have access to the software necessary to determine
            the code in order to extract the deleted recorded data; and
                ``(5) ensure that data on such a cockpit voice recorder or
            a flight data recorder, through technical means other than
            encryption (such as overwriting or the substitution of a blank
            recording medium before the recorder is returned to the owner)
            is not disclosed for use other than for accident or incident
            investigation purposes.
        ``(b) Prohibited Use.--A cockpit voice recorder recording shall not
    be used by the Administrator or any employer for any certificate
    action, civil penalty, or disciplinary proceedings against flight
    crewmembers.
        ``(c) Applicable Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term
    `applicable aircraft' means an aircraft that is--
                ``(1) operated under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations; and
                ``(2) required by regulation to have a cockpit voice
            recorder or a flight data recorder.
        ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to affect--
                ``(1) the confidentiality of recordings and transcripts
            under section 1114(c);
                ``(2) the ban on recordings for civil penalty or
            certificate action under section 121.359(h) of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations; or
                ``(3) the prohibition against use of data from flight
            operational quality assurance programs for enforcement purposes
            under section 13.401 of 14, Code of Federal Regulations.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``44746. Cockpit recording device.''.

    SEC. 526. FLIGHT DATA RECOVERY FROM OVERWATER OPERATIONS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall direct the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
    (hereinafter referred to as the ``Committee'' in this section) to
    review regulations regarding flight data recovery for aircraft--
                (1) operated under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations; and
                (2) used in extended overwater operations.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the review pursuant to
    subsection (a), the Committee shall provide to the Administrator any
    consensus recommendations for the equipage of aircraft described in
    subsection (a) with a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder
    that--
                (1) provide a means, in the event of an accident, to
            recover mandatory flight data parameters in a manner that does
            not require the underwater retrieval of the cockpit voice
            recorder or flight data recorder;
                (2) is equipped with a tamper-resistant method to broadcast
            sufficient information to a ground station to establish the
            location where an aircraft terminates flight as the result of
            an accident within 6 nautical miles of the point of impact of
            the aircraft; and
                (3) is equipped with an airframe low-frequency underwater
            locating device that functions for at least 90 days and that
            can be detected by appropriate equipment.
        (c) Recommendations.--Not later than 18 months after tasking the
    aviation rulemaking advisory committee under subsection (a), the
    committee shall submit to the Administrator any consensus
    recommendations developed under subsection (b).
        (d) Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year after receiving any
    recommendations pursuant to subsection (c), the Administrator shall
    initiate a rulemaking activity based on such consensus recommendations,
    if determined appropriate.
        (e) Briefing.--If the Administrator decides not to issue a final
    rule with respect to the rulemaking initiated under subsection (d), the
    Administrator shall brief the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the
    justification for such decision.

    SEC. 527. EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 12 months after date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall review and update, as appropriate, part 121 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, regarding emergency medical equipment, including
    the contents of emergency medical kits, and training required for
    flight crew.
        (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall consider--
                (1) the benefits and costs (including the costs of flight
            diversions and emergency landings) of requiring any new
            medications or equipment necessary to be included in approved
            emergency medical kits under part 121 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations;
                (2) whether the contents of the emergency medical kits
            include the appropriate medications and equipment that can
            practicably be administered to address--
                        (A) the emergency medical needs of children and
                    pregnant women;
                        (B) opioid overdose;
                        (C) anaphylaxis; and
                        (D) cardiac arrest; and
                (3) what contents of the emergency medical kits should be
            readily available, to the extent practicable, for use by flight
            crews without prior approval by a medical professional.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the review required under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with associations
    representing aerospace medical professionals.

    SEC. 528. NAVIGATION AIDS STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of
    Transportation shall initiate a study examining the effects of
    reclassifying navigation aids to Design Assurance Level-A from Design
    Assurance Level-B, including the following navigation aids:
                (1) Distance measuring equipment.
                (2) Very high frequency omni-directional range.
                (3) Tactical air navigation.
                (4) Wide area augmentation system.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study required under subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall address--
                (1) the cost-benefit analyses associated with the
            reclassification described in such subsection;
                (2) the findings from the operational safety assessments
            and preliminary hazard analyses of the navigation aids listed
            in such subsection;
                (3) the risks of such reclassification on navigation aid
            equipment currently in use;
                (4) the potential impacts on global interoperability of
            navigational aids; and
                (5) what additional actions should be taken based on the
            findings of this subsection.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 24 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the inspector general shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report describing the results of the study conducted under subsection
    (a).

    SEC. 529. REMOTE TOWERS.

        (a) Study.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall seek to enter into an agreement
            with a qualified organization to conduct a study examining the
            viability and feasibility of remote tower technology available
            on the date of enactment of this Act to accommodate existing
            air traffic activity at non-towered, public-use airports and
            airports with a visual flight rule air traffic control tower.
                (2) Considerations.--In the study conducted under
            subsection (a), the qualified organization selected under such
            subsection shall consider and include in such study--
                        (A) the effectiveness and adequacy of the pilot
                    program established under section 161 of the FAA
                    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 47104 note) in--
                                (i) assessing the installation,
                            maintenance, and operational costs and benefits
                            of remote tower technology; and
                                (ii) establishing a clear process for the
                            safety and operational certification of such
                            technology;
                        (B) a description of actions that the
                    Administration has undertaken to carry out such pilot
                    program;
                        (C) any barriers related to the safety and
                    operational certification of such technology;
                        (D) the number and type of non-towered airports in
                    the national airspace system;
                        (E) the availability and development of remote
                    tower technology;
                        (F) the potential to use remote tower systems to
                    control air traffic at multiple airports and from a
                    single physical location, similar to a terminal radar
                    approach control facility;
                        (G) staffing flexibility to support seasonal
                    staffing of remote towers;
                        (H) safety factors related to the potential need
                    for such remote tower technology;
                        (I) the potential to use remote tower systems to
                    surveil for unmanned aircraft, in conjunction with
                    unmanned aircraft system traffic management systems, to
                    enhance air traffic management of manned air traffic;
                        (J) factors related to the demand for remote tower
                    technology;
                        (K) an examination of remote tower use in other
                    countries;
                        (L) projected costs associated with installing and
                    maintain remote tower technology at a single airport;
                    and
                        (M) recommendations regarding the most cost-
                    effective approach to provide air traffic control
                    services at non-towered airports in the national
                    airspace system.
                (3) Input.--In carrying out the study under subsection (a),
            the qualified organization selected under such subsection
            shall--
                        (A) seek coordination with the Air Traffic
                    Organization and other offices of the Administration;
                    and
                        (B) seek the participation of representatives of--
                                (i) the exclusive bargaining
                            representatives of air traffic controllers
                            certified under section 7111 of title 5, United
                            States Code;
                                (ii) manufacturers of remote towers;
                                (iii) airport operators; and
                                (iv) other stakeholders that the
                            Administrator determines appropriate.
                (4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report detailing the results of
            the study under subsection (a).
        (b) Certification Process.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the completion
            of the study required under subsection (a), the Administrator
            shall establish a process for the certification of system
            design and operational approval of remote towers for use at
            public-use airports.
                (2) Consultation.--In carrying out subsection (b), the
            Administrator shall consult with the following:
                        (A) The exclusive bargaining representative of the
                    air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of
                    title 5, United States Code.
                        (B) Manufacturers of remote towers.
                        (C) Non-towered airport operators.
                (3) Requirements.--In developing the certification process
            required under subsection (b), the Administrator shall--
                        (A) establish requirements for the system design
                    and operational approval of remote towers, including--
                                (i) sensor and camera visual requirements;
                                (ii) datalink latency requirements; and
                                (iii) visual presentation design
                            requirements for monitors used to display
                            sensor and camera feeds;
                        (B) establish tower-closure standards for
                    contingency operations and procedures for remote tower
                    failures and malfunctions; and
                        (C) consider the use of--
                                (i) ground- and space-based
                            telecommunications infrastructure; and
                                (ii) any other wireless telecommunications
                            infrastructure that may enable the operation of
                            a remote tower.
                (4) Operational approval assessments.--In developing the
            operational approval process required under this subsection,
            the Administrator shall--
                        (A) determine the appropriate number of air traffic
                    controllers necessary to staff a remote tower for safe
                    air traffic control operations at the respective
                    airport based on the existing or projected air traffic
                    activity at the airport;
                        (B) use a safety risk management panel process to
                    address any safety issues with respect to the remote
                    tower;
                        (C) if the remote tower is intended to be installed
                    at a non-towered airport, assess the safety benefits of
                    the remote tower against the lack of an existing tower;
                    and
                        (D) establish, to the satisfaction of the
                    Administrator and using performance-based criteria, to
                    the extent appropriate, published in advance, the level
                    of safety necessary for the operation of the remote
                    tower at the airport.
                (5) Airport operators.--An airport operator seeking to
            install or construct a certified remote tower shall submit to
            the Administrator an application in such form and containing
            such information as the Administrator may require.
                (6) Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the
            Administrator shall--
                        (A) identify air traffic control information and
                    data that assists the Administrator in categorically
                    certifying remote towers at different types of
                    airports;
                        (B) implement processes necessary to collect the
                    information and data identified in subparagraph (A);
                    and
                        (C) develop criteria from the information and data
                    identified in subparagraph (A) to assess remote towers
                    for widespread use at categories of public-use
                    airports.
                (7) Prioritization of remote tower certification
            applicants.--With respect to applications submitted as required
            by paragraph (4), the Administrator shall prioritize--
                        (A) airports that do not have a permanent air
                    traffic control tower at the time of application;
                        (B) airports that would provide small and rural
                    community air service; or
                        (C) airports that have been newly accepted as of
                    the date of enactment of this Act into the Contract
                    Tower Program.
                (8) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after receiving the
            report required under subsection (a), and annually thereafter
            through fiscal year 2028, the Administrator shall brief the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate on the status of the activities
            required under this section.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Air traffic activity.--The term ``air traffic
            activity'' means the number of takeoffs, landings, and
            simulated approaches of an airport and the time of which such
            takeoffs, landings, and simulated approaches occur.
                (2) Contract tower program.--The term ``Contract Tower
            Program'' has the meaning given such term in section 47124(e)
            of title 49, United States Code.
                (3) Qualified organization.--The term ``qualified
            organization'' means an independent non-profit organization
            that recommends solutions to public policy challenges through
            objective analysis.
                (4) Remote tower.--The term ``remote tower'' has the
            meaning given such term in section 161(a)(9) of the FAA
            Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 47104 note).

    SEC. 530. WEATHER REPORTING SYSTEMS STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall initiate a study to examine how to improve the procurement,
    functionality, and sustainability of weather reporting systems,
    including--
                (1) automated weather observing systems;
                (2) automated surface observing systems;
                (3) visual weather observing systems; and
                (4) non-Federal weather reporting systems.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study required under section (a),
    the Comptroller General shall address--
                (1) the current state of the supply chain related to
            weather reporting systems and the components of such systems,
            including--
                        (A) the adequacy of suppliers of such systems and
                    components;
                        (B) the affordability of such systems and
                    components; and
                        (C) the availability and affordability of
                    replacement parts;
                (2) the average age of weather reporting systems
            infrastructure installed in the national airspace system;
                (3) challenges to maintaining and replacing weather
            reporting systems, including--
                        (A) root causes of weather reporting system
                    outages, including failures of such systems, and
                    supporting systems such as telecommunications
                    infrastructure; and
                        (B) the degree to which such outages affect weather
                    reporting in the national airspace system;
                (4) mitigation measures to maintain aviation safety during
            such an outage; and
                (5) alternative means of obtaining weather elements at
            airports, including wind direction, wind speed, barometric
            pressure setting, and cloud coverage, including visibility.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with the
    appropriate stakeholders and Federal agencies involved in installing,
    managing, and supporting weather reporting systems in the national
    airspace system.
        (d) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report describing the results of
            the study conducted under subsection (a).
                (2) Recommendations.--The Comptroller General shall include
            in the report submitted under paragraph (1) recommendations
            for--
                        (A) ways to improve the resiliency and redundancy
                    of weather reporting systems;
                        (B) alternative means of compliance for obtaining
                    weather elements at airports; and
                        (C) if necessary, changes to Orders of the
                    Administration, including the following:
                                (i) Surface Weather Observing, Joint Order
                            7900.5.
                                (ii) Notices to Air Missions, Joint Order
                            7930.2.

    SEC. 531. GAO STUDY ON EXPANSION OF THE FAA WEATHER CAMERA PROGRAM.

        (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on the feasibility and benefits and costs of expanding
    the Weather Camera Program of the Federal Aviation Administration to
    locations in the United States that lack weather camera services.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall review--
                (1) the potential effects of the existing Weather Camera
            Program on weather-related aviation accidents and flight
            interruptions;
                (2) the potential benefits and costs associated with
            expanding the Weather Camera Program;
                (3) limitations on the real-time access of weather camera
            information by pilots and aircraft operators;
                (4) non-safety related regulatory structures or barriers to
            the allowable use of weather camera information for the
            purposes of aircraft operations;
                (5) limitations of existing weather camera systems at the
            time of the study;
                (6) alternative sources of viable weather data;
                (7) funding mechanisms for weather camera installation and
            operations; and
                (8) other considerations the Comptroller General determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 28 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the study
    required under subsection (a).

    SEC. 532. AUDIT ON AVIATION SAFETY IN ERA OF WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of
    Transportation shall initiate an audit of the Federal Aviation
    Administration's internal processes and procedures to communicate the
    position of civil aviation operators and the safety of the national
    airspace system to the National Telecommunications and Information
    Administration regarding proposed spectrum reallocations or auction
    decisions.
        (b) Assessment.--In conducting the audit described in subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall assess best practices and policy
    recommendations for the Federal Aviation Administration to--
                (1) improve internal processes by which proposed spectrum
            reallocations or auctions are thoroughly reviewed in advance to
            ensure that any comments or technical concerns regarding
            aviation safety from civil aviation stakeholders are
            communicated to the National Telecommunications and Information
            Administration that are to be submitted to the Federal
            Communications Commission;
                (2) develop internal processes and procedures to assess the
            effects a proposed spectrum reallocation or auction may have on
            the national airspace system in a timely manner to ensure
            safety of the national airspace system;
                (3) improve external communication processes to better
            inform civil aviation stakeholders, including owners and
            operators of civil aircraft, on any comments or technical
            concerns of the Federal Aviation Administration relating to a
            proposed spectrum reallocation or auction that may impact the
            national airspace system; and
                (4) better communicate to the National Telecommunications
            and Information Administration when a proposed spectrum
            reallocation or auction may pose a potential risk to aviation
            safety.
        (c) Stakeholder Views.--In conducting the audit pursuant to
    subsection (a), the inspector general shall consult with relevant
    stakeholders, including--
                (1) air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations;
                (2) manufacturers of aircraft and aircraft components;
                (3) wireless communication carriers;
                (4) labor unions representing pilots;
                (5) air traffic system safety specialists;
                (6) other representatives of the communications industry;
                (7) aviation safety experts;
                (8) the National Telecommunications and Information
            Administration; and
                (9) the Federal Communications Commission.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which the
    audit is conducted pursuant to subsection (a), the inspector general
    shall complete and submit a report on findings and recommendations to--
                (1) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration;
                (2) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives;
                (3) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
            Representatives; and
                (4) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Technology of
            the Senate.

    SEC. 533. RAMP WORKER SAFETY CALL TO ACTION.

        (a) Call to Action Ramp Worker Safety Review.--Not later than 180
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall initiate a Call to Action safety
    review of airport ramp worker safety in order to bring stakeholders
    together to share best practices and implement actions to address
    airport ramp worker safety.
        (b) Contents.--The Call to Action safety review required pursuant
    to subsection (a) shall include--
                (1) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and
            directives related to airport ramp worker procedures and
            oversight of such processes;
                (2) a review of reportable accidents and incidents
            involving airport ramp workers, including any identified
            contributing factors to the reportable accident or incident;
                (3) a review of training and related educational materials
            for airport ramp workers, including supervisory employees;
                (4) a review of devices and methods for communication on
            the ramp;
                (5) a review of markings on the ramp that define
            restriction, staging, safety, or hazard zones;
                (6) a review of aircraft jet blast and engine intake safety
            markings; and
                (7) a process for stakeholders, including airlines,
            aircraft manufacturers, airports, labor, and aviation safety
            experts, to provide feedback and share best practices.
        (c) Report and Actions.--Not later than 180 days after the
    conclusion of the Call to Action safety review pursuant to subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall--
                (1) submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report on the results of the review and any
            recommendations for actions or best practices to improve
            airport ramp worker safety, including the identification of
            risks and possible mitigations to be considered in any
            applicable safety management system of air carriers and
            airports; and
                (2) initiate such actions as are necessary to act upon the
            findings of the review under subsection (b).
        (d) Training Materials.--Not later than 6 months after the
    completion of the safety review required under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall develop and publish training and related
    educational materials about aircraft engine ingestion and jet blast
    hazards for ground crews (including supervisory employees) that
    includes information on--
                (1) the specific dangers and consequences of entering
            engine ingestion or jet blast zones;
                (2) proper protocols to avoid entering an engine ingestion
            or jet blast zone; and
                (3) on-the-job, instructor-led training to physically
            demonstrate the engine ingestion zone boundaries and jet blast
            zones for each kind of aircraft the ground crew may encounter.

    SEC. 534. SAFETY DATA ANALYSIS FOR AIRCRAFT WITHOUT TRANSPONDERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration,
    in coordination with the Chairman of the National Transportation Safety
    Board, shall collect and analyze data relating to accidents and
    incidents involving covered exempt aircraft that occurred within 30
    nautical miles of an airport.
        (b) Requirements.--The analysis required under subsection (a) shall
    include with respect to covered exempt aircraft a review of--
                (1) incident and accident data since 2006;
                (2) incidents and accidents involving midair events,
            including collisions;
                (3) incidents and accidents involving ground proximity
            warning system alerts;
                (4) incidents and accidents involving traffic collision
            avoidance system alerts;
                (5) incidents and accidents involving a loss of separation
            or near miss; and
                (6) the causes of the accidents and incidents described in
            paragraphs (1) through (5).
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate a report containing the results of the analysis required under
    subsection (a) and, if appropriate, recommendations on how to reduce
    the number of incidents and accidents associated with such covered
    exempt aircraft.
        (d) Covered Exempt Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``covered exempt aircraft'' means aircraft, balloons, and gliders
    exempt from air traffic control transponder and altitude reporting
    equipment and use requirements under part 91.215(b)(3) of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 535. CRASH-RESISTANT FUEL SYSTEMS IN ROTORCRAFT.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall task the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
    to--
                (1) review the data analysis conducted and the
            recommendations developed by the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory
            Committee Rotorcraft Occupant Protection Working Group of the
            Administration;
                (2) update the 2018 report of such working group on
            rotorcraft occupant protection by--
                        (A) reviewing National Transportation Safety Board
                    data from 2016 through 2023 on post-crash fires in
                    helicopter accidents; and
                        (B) determining whether and to what extent crash-
                    resistant fuel systems could have prevented fatalities;
                    and
                (3) develop recommendations for either the Administrator or
            the helicopter industry to encourage helicopter owners and
            operators to expedite the installation of crash-resistant fuel
            systems in the aircraft of such owners and operators regardless
            of original certification and manufacture date.
        (b) Schedule.--
                (1) Deadline.--Not later than 18 months after the
            Administrator tasks the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
            under subsection (a), the Committee shall submit the
            recommendations developed under subsection (a)(2) to the
            Administrator.
                (2) Implementation.--If applicable, and not later than 180
            days after receiving the recommendations under paragraph (1),
            the Administrator shall--
                        (A) begin implementing, as appropriate, any
                    consensus safety recommendations the Administrator
                    receives from the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory
                    Committee, and brief the Committee on Transportation
                    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
                    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
                    of the Senate on any recommendations the Administrator
                    does not implement; and
                        (B) partner with the United States Helicopter
                    Safety Team, as appropriate, to facilitate
                    implementation of any recommendations for the
                    helicopter industry pursuant to subsection (a)(2)

    SEC. 536. REDUCING TURBULENCE ON PART 121 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall review and implement, as appropriate, the recommendations made by
    the Chair of the National Transportation Safety Board to the
    Administrator contained in the safety research report titled
    ``Preventing Turbulence-Related Injuries in Air Carrier Operations
    Conducted Under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121'', issued
    on August 10, 2021 (NTSB/SS-21/01).
        (b) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after completing the
            review under subsection (a), and every 2 years thereafter, the
            Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
            and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report on the status of the recommendations in the
            safety research report described in subsection (a) until the
            earlier of--
                        (A) the date on which such recommendations have
                    been adopted; or
                        (B) the date that is 10 years after the date of
                    enactment of this Act.
                (2) Contents.--If the Administrator decides not to
            implement a recommendation in the safety research report
            described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall provide,
            as a part of the report required under paragraph (1), a
            description of why the Administrator did not implement such
            recommendation.

    SEC. 537. STUDY ON RADIATION EXPOSURE.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of
    Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under which the National Research
    Council of the National Academies shall conduct a study on radiation
    exposure onboard various aircraft types operated under part 121 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Scope of Study.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the National Research Council shall assess--
                (1) radiation concentrations in such aircraft at takeoff,
            in-flight at high altitudes, and upon landing;
                (2) the health risks and impact of radiation exposure to
            flight attendants and passengers onboard aircraft operating at
            high altitudes; and
                (3) mitigation measures to prevent and reduce the health
            and safety impacts of radiation exposure to flight attendants
            and passengers.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 16 months after the
    initiation of the study required under subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the study
    conducted by the National Research Council pursuant to this section.
        (d) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section,
    the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and
    Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation of the Senate.

    SEC. 538. DETERRING CREWMEMBER INTERFERENCE.

        (a) Task Force.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall convene a task force to develop
            voluntary standards and best practices relating to suspected
            violations of sections 46318, 46503, and 46504 of title 49,
            United States Code, including--
                        (A) proper and consistent incident documentation
                    and reporting techniques;
                        (B) best practices for flight crew and cabin crew
                    response, including de-escalation;
                        (C) improved coordination between stakeholders,
                    including flight crew and cabin crew, airport staff,
                    other Federal agencies as appropriate, and law
                    enforcement; and
                        (D) appropriate enforcement actions.
                (2) Membership.--The task force convened under paragraph
            (1) shall be comprised representatives of--
                        (A) air carriers;
                        (B) airport sponsors and airport law enforcement
                    agencies;
                        (C) other Federal agencies determined necessary by
                    the Administrator;
                        (D) labor organizations representing air carrier
                    pilots;
                        (E) labor organizations representing flight
                    attendants; and
                        (F) labor organizations representing ticketing,
                    check-in, or other customer service representatives
                    employed by air carriers.
        (b) Announcements.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate such actions as
    may be necessary to include in the briefing of passengers before
    takeoff required under section 121.571 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, a statement informing passengers that it is against
    Federal law to assault or threaten to assault any individual on an
    aircraft or interfere with the duties of a crewmember.
        (c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the definitions in
    section 40102(a) of title 49, United States Code, shall apply to terms
    in this section.

    SEC. 539. CABIN TEMPERATURE STANDARDS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 24 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall review existing standards produced by recognized
    industry standards organizations on safe air temperatures and humidity
    levels in enclosed environments, including onboard aircraft, and
    determine the validity of such standards, including the American
    Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (in
    this section referred to as ``ASHRAE'') standards titled ``Air Quality
    within Commercial Aircraft'' (ASHRAE Guideline 28-2021) and ``Thermal
    Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy'' (ASHRAE Standard 55-
    2020).
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the review under subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall consult with--
                (1) certificate holders under part 121 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations;
                (2) certified labor representatives of flight attendants,
            pilots, and other crewmembers;
                (3) relevant Federal agencies; and
                (4) other relevant stakeholders, as appropriate.
        (c) Academic Study.--In the event that the Administrator
    determines, through the review carried out under subsection (a), that
    there is not an appropriate standard to determine unsafe temperatures
    onboard aircraft operated under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, the Administrator shall enter into an appropriate
    agreement with the National Academies to--
                (1) conduct a study of unsafe aircraft cabin temperatures
            and aircraft conditions that contribute to such temperatures;
            and
                (2) provide recommendations for air carriers and aircraft
            manufacturers to improve the management of temperature and
            related factors onboard aircraft.
        (d) Reports.--
                (1) FAA.--Not later than 3 months after completing the
            review required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall
            submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the
            findings and determination of the review.
                (2) National academies.--If a report is produced under
            subsection (c), not later than 1 month after receiving such
            report the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate such report.

    SEC. 540. CABIN AIR QUALITY.

        (a) Reporting of Smoke or Fume Events Onboard Commercial
    Aircraft.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall develop a standardized system for
            a flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance
            technicians of air carriers to voluntarily report fume events
            onboard passenger-carrying aircraft operating under part 121 of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (2) Information submission.--The system developed under
            paragraph (1) shall include a method of submission, which shall
            request at least the following information:
                        (A) Identification of the flight number, type, and
                    registration of the aircraft.
                        (B) The date of the reported fume event onboard the
                    aircraft.
                        (C) Description of smoke or fume in the aircraft,
                    including the nature, intensity, and visual consistency
                    or smell (if any).
                        (D) The location of the smoke or fumes in the
                    aircraft.
                        (E) The source (if discernible) of the smoke or
                    fumes in the aircraft.
                        (F) The phase of flight during which smoke or fumes
                    first became present.
                        (G) The duration of the fume event.
                        (H) Any required onboard medical attention for
                    passengers or crew members.
                        (I) Any additional factors as determined
                    appropriate by the Administrator or crew member
                    submitting a report.
                (3) Guidelines for submission.--The Administrator shall
            issue guidelines on how to submit the information described in
            paragraph (2).
                (4) Confirmation of submission.--Upon submitting the
            information described in paragraph (2), the submitting party
            shall receive a duplicate record of the submission and
            confirmation of receipt.
                (5) Use of information.--The Administrator--
                        (A) may not publish any information submitted under
                    this section;
                        (B) shall maintain a database of such information;
                        (C) at the request of an air carrier, shall provide
                    to such air carrier any information submitted under
                    this section that is relevant to such air carrier,
                    except any information that may be used to identify the
                    party submitting such information;
                        (D) may not, without validation, assume that
                    information submitted under this section is accurate
                    for the purposes of initiating rulemaking or taking an
                    enforcement action;
                        (E) may use information submitted under this
                    section to inform the oversight of the safety
                    management system of an air carrier; and
                        (F) may use information submitted under this
                    section for the purpose of performing a study or
                    supporting a study sponsored by the Administrator.
        (b) Study.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall seek to enter into the
            appropriate arrangements with the National Academies to conduct
            a study and issue recommendations to be made publicly available
            pertaining to cabin air quality and any risk of, and potential
            for, persistent and accidental fume events onboard a passenger-
            carrying aircraft operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations.
                (2) Scope.--In carrying out a study pursuant to paragraph
            (1), the National Academies shall examine--
                        (A) the information collected pursuant to
                    subsection (a);
                        (B) the report issued pursuant to section 326 of
                    the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101
                    note) and any identified assumptions or gaps described
                    in such report;
                        (C) any health risks or impacts of fume events on
                    flight crews, including flight attendants and pilots,
                    and passengers onboard aircraft operating under part
                    121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                        (D) instances of persistent or regularly occurring
                    (as determined by the National Academies) fume events
                    in such aircraft;
                        (E) instances of accidental, unexpected, or
                    irregularly occurring (as determined by the National
                    Academies) fume events on such aircraft, including
                    whether such accidental events are more frequent during
                    various phases of operations, including ground
                    operations, taxiing, take off, cruise, and landing;
                        (F) the likely originating material of, and the air
                    contaminants present during, the situations described
                    in subparagraphs (D) and (E);
                        (G) the frequencies, durations, and likely causes
                    of the situations described in subparagraphs (D) and
                    (E); and
                        (H) any additional data on fume events as
                    determined appropriate by the National Academies.
                (3) Recommendations.--The National Academies shall provide
            recommendations based on the study conducted under paragraph
            (1)--
                        (A) that shall, at minimum, address how to--
                                (i) improve overall cabin air quality of
                            passenger-carrying aircraft;
                                (ii) improve the detection, accuracy, and
                            reporting of fume events; and
                                (iii) reduce the frequency and impact of
                            fume events; and
                        (B) for any updates to standards, guidelines, or
                    regulations that could help achieve the recommendations
                    described in subparagraph (A).
                (4) Report to congress.--Not later than 1 month after the
            completion of the study conducted under paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
            and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a copy of such study.
        (c) Fume Event Defined.--In this section, the term ``fume event''
    means the presence of fumes in the cabin, including smoke.

    SEC. 541. EVACUATION STANDARDS FOR TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall task the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
    with reviewing and proposing updates to the evacuation requirements
    under section 25.803 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and
    appendix J to part 25 of such title.
        (b) Considerations.--In tasking the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory
    Committee under subsection (a), the Administrator shall, at a minimum,
    task the Committee to--
                (1) evaluate whether the representative passenger loads,
            prescribed in regulation on the date of enactment of this Act,
            represent a realistic composition of passengers on an aircraft
            operated under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, including accounting for--
                        (A) children, including infants;
                        (B) passengers who do not speak English;
                        (C) passengers with disabilities; and
                        (D) service animals (as such term is defined in
                    section 35.104 and 36.104 of title 28, Code of Federal
                    Regulations, or successor regulations); and
                (2) determine if there are technologies or techniques that
            can be used to more accurately represent categories of
            passengers who are unable to provide consent during evacuation
            testing, but should be simulated in such testing;
                (3) evaluate whether the requirements prescribed in
            regulation on the date of enactment of this Act adequately
            consider the varying sizes, weight, and matter or baggage
            present in an aircraft cabin; and
                (4) determine whether the evacuation testing performed,
            associated with section 25.803 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, considers the seat size, seat pitch, seating
            layout, aisle width, and aisle layout of the aircraft type
            being tested.
        (c) Consultation.--In tasking the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory
    Committee under subsection (a), the Administrator shall allow such
    Committee to consult with the National Transportation Safety Board,
    transport category aircraft manufacturers, air carriers certificated
    under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, crew members
    of such air carriers, emergency responders, groups representing
    passengers and passengers with disabilities, and other relevant
    experts.
        (d) Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after receiving such
    recommendations to update section 25.803 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, and appendix J to part 25 of such title, the Administrator
    shall issue a final rulemaking based on the recommendations provided by
    the aviation rulemaking advisory committee tasked under this section,
    as necessary.
        (e) Passenger With Disabilities.--In this section, the term
    ``passenger with disabilities'' means any qualified individual with a
    disability, as such term is defined in section 382.3 of title 14, Code
    of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations.

    SEC. 542. LITHIUM-ION POWERED WHEELCHAIRS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall task the Air Carrier
    Access Act Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the
    ``Committee'') to conduct a review of regulations regarding lithium-ion
    battery powered wheelchairs and mobility aids and provide
    recommendations to the Secretary to ensure safe transport of such
    wheelchairs and mobility aids in air transportation.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the review required under
    subsection (a), the Committee shall consider the following:
                (1) Any existing or necessary standards for lithium-ion
            batteries, including casings or other similar components, in
            such wheelchairs and mobility aids.
                (2) The availability of necessary containment or storage
            devices, including fire containment covers or fire-resistant
            storage containers, for such wheelchairs and mobility aids.
                (3) The policies of each air carrier (as such term is
            defined in part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations)
            pertaining to lithium-ion battery powered wheelchairs and
            mobility aids (as in effect on the date of enactment of this
            Act).
                (4) Any other considerations the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Consultation Requirement.--In conducting the review required
    under subsection (a), the Committee shall consult with the
    Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
    Administration.
        (d) Notification.--
                (1) In general.--Upon completion of the review conducted
            under subsection (a), the Committee shall notify the Secretary
            if an air carrier does not have a policy pertaining to lithium-
            ion battery powered wheelchairs and mobility aids in effect.
                (2) Notification.--The Secretary shall notify an air
            carrier described in paragraph (1) of the status of such air
            carrier.
        (e) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after submission of
    the recommendations to the Secretary, the Secretary shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate any recommendations under subsection (a),
    in the form of a report.
        (f) Publication.--The Secretary shall publish the report required
    under subsection (e) on the public website of the Department of
    Transportation.

    SEC. 543. NATIONAL SIMULATOR PROGRAM POLICIES AND GUIDANCE.

        (a) Review.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall review relevant policies and guidance, including all advisory
    circulars, information bulletins, and directives, pertaining to part 60
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Updates.--Upon completion of the review required under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall, at a minimum, update the
    following:
                (1) Advisory Circular 120-40B, issued July 29, 1991.
                (2) Advisory Circular 120-45A, issued February 5, 1992.
                (3) Advisory Circular 120-50A, issued February 9, 1996.
                (4) Advisory Circular 120-63, issued October 11, 1994.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the review required under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall convene and consult with
    entities required to comply with part 60 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, including representatives of--
                (1) air carriers;
                (2) flight schools certificated under part 141 of title 14,
            Code of Federal Regulations;
                (3) training centers certificated under part 142 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (4) manufacturers and suppliers of flight simulation
            training devices (as defined in part 1 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations, and Appendix F to part 60 of such title).

    SEC. 544. GAO STUDY ON FAA NATIONAL SIMULATOR PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall conduct a study into the National Simulator Program of the
    Federal Aviation Administration that is part of the Air Transportation
    Division's Training and Simulation Group.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall, at a minimum, assesses--
                (1) how the program described under subsection (a), is
            maintained to reflect and account for advancement in
            technologies pertaining to flight simulation training devices
            (as defined in part 1 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
            and appendix F to part 60 of such title);
                (2) the staffing levels, critical competencies, and skills
            gaps of Administration personnel responsible for carrying out
            and supporting the program described in subsection (a); and
                (3) how the program described in subsection (a) engages air
            carriers and relevant industry stakeholders, including flight
            schools, to ensure efficient compliance with part 60 of such
            title.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the findings of the study conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 545. GAO STUDY ON FAA ALIGNMENT WITH BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES
                  AND STANDARDS.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on the incorporation of best available technologies by
    the Federal Aviation Administration to increase aviation safety and
    improve the health and safety of aviation workers.
        (b) Scope.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall--
                (1) analyze the degree to which the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration is enabling the use or adoption
            of technologies used by other air navigation service providers
            to meet ICAO standards; and
                (2) identify any barriers to adoption of such technologies.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall report to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the findings of the study.
        (d) ICAO Defined.--In this section, the term ``ICAO'' means the
    International Civil Aviation Organization.

    SEC. 546. INCREMENTAL SAFETY IMPROVEMENT.

        Section 44704 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(h) Incremental Safety Improvement.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may consider and
            approve a proposed incremental design change request from a
            type certificate holder, if such holder is required by the
            Administrator to make a safety-related design change to bring a
            product into compliance, even if the proposed incremental
            design change does not eliminate all noncompliant conditions.
                ``(2) Proposed incremental design change.--A proposed
            incremental design change under paragraph (1) shall--
                        ``(A) be related to the required safety-related
                    design change described in this subsection;
                        ``(B) improve the overall safety of the aircraft;
                        ``(C) not decrease the level of safety of other
                    components or systems on the aircraft;
                        ``(D) be in the public interest;
                        ``(E) not include any substantial changes;
                        ``(F) be recorded on a type certificate data sheet
                    or other public instrument that notifies the public of
                    such design changes; and
                        ``(G) be considered through a process that applies
                    appropriate requirements as determined by the
                    Administrator.
                ``(3) Full compliance.--An approval issued under this
            subsection shall not be construed to relieve a type certificate
            holder from addressing all noncompliant conditions under
            paragraph (1).
                ``(4) Deadline.--In issuing an approval under this
            subsection, the Administrator shall impose a deadline by which
            all non-compliant conditions related to the design change shall
            be addressed.
                ``(5) Safety-related design change defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `safety-related design change' means a
            design change that has any effect on the safety of the
            aircraft.''.

    SEC. 547. VOLUNTARY REPORTING PROTECTIONS.

        (a) In General.--Section 40123(a) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by inserting ``or
    third party'' after ``nor any agency''.
        (b) Protected Information.--Not later than 180 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall promulgate regulations to amend part 193 of title
    14, Code of Federal Regulations, to designate and protect from
    disclosure information or data submitted, collected, or contained by
    the Administrator under voluntary safety programs, including the
    following:
                (1) Aviation Safety Action Program.
                (2) Flight Operational Quality Assurance.
                (3) Line Operations Safety Assessments.
                (4) Air Traffic Safety Action Program.
                (5) Technical Operations Safety Action Program.
                (6) Such other voluntarily submitted information or
            programs as the Administrator determines appropriate.

    SEC. 548. PROVIDING NON-FEDERAL WEATHER OBSERVER TRAINING TO AIRPORT
                  PERSONNEL.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall take
    such actions as are necessary to provide training that is easily
    accessible and streamlined for airport personnel to become certified as
    non-Federal weather observers so that such personnel can manually
    provide weather observations when automated surface observing systems
    and automated weather observing systems experience outages and errors
    in order to ensure operational safety at airports.

                       Subtitle B--Aviation Cybersecurity

    SEC. 571. FINDINGS.

        Congress finds the following:
                (1) Congress has repeatedly tasked the Federal Aviation
            Administration with responsibility for securing the national
            airspace system, including the air traffic control system and
            other air navigation services, civil aircraft, and aeronautical
            products and articles through safety regulation and oversight.
            These mandates have routinely included protecting against
            associated cyber threats affecting aviation safety or the
            Administration's provision of safe, secure, and efficient air
            navigation services and airspace management.
                (2) In 2016, Congress passed the FAA Extension, Safety, and
            Security Act of 2016, which established requirements for the
            Federal Aviation Administration to enhance the national
            airspace system's cybersecurity and included mandates for the
            Administration to--
                        (A) develop a cybersecurity strategic plan;
                        (B) coordinate with other Federal agencies to
                    identify cyber vulnerabilities;
                        (C) develop a cyber threat model; and
                        (D) complete a comprehensive, strategic policy
                    framework to identify and mitigate cybersecurity risks
                    to the air traffic control system.
                (3) In 2018, Congress passed the FAA Reauthorization Act of
            2018 which--
                        (A) authorized funding for the construction of
                    Federal Aviation Administration facilities dedicated to
                    improving the cybersecurity of the national airspace
                    system;
                        (B) required the Federal Aviation Administration to
                    review and update its comprehensive, strategic policy
                    framework for cybersecurity to assess the degree to
                    which the framework identifies and addresses known
                    cybersecurity risks associated with the aviation
                    system, and evaluate existing short- and long-term
                    objectives for addressing cybersecurity risks to the
                    national airspace system;
                        (C) created a Chief Technology Officer position
                    within the Federal Aviation Administration to be
                    responsible for, among other things, coordinating the
                    implementation, operation, maintenance, and
                    cybersecurity of technology programs relating to the
                    air traffic control system with the aviation industry
                    and other Federal agencies; and
                        (D) directed the National Academy of Sciences to
                    study the cybersecurity workforce of the Federal
                    Aviation Administration in order to develop
                    recommendations to increase the size, quality, and
                    diversity of such workforce.
                (4) Congress has tasked the Federal Aviation Administration
            with being the primary Federal agency to assess and address the
            threats posed from cyber incidents relating to Federal Aviation
            Administration-provided air traffic control and air navigation
            services and the threats posed from cyber incidents relating to
            civil aircraft, aeronautical products and articles, aviation
            networks, aviation systems, services, and operations, and the
            aerospace industry affecting aviation safety or the provision
            of safe, secure, and efficient air navigation services and
            airspace management by the Administration.
                (5) Since 2005, the Federal Aviation Administration has
            been addressing cyber vulnerabilities in civil aircraft and
            aeronautical products and articles during the safety
            certification process.

    SEC. 572. AEROSPACE PRODUCT SAFETY.

        (a) Cybersecurity Standards.--Section 44701(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``cybersecurity,'' after
            ``quality of work,''; and
                (2) in paragraph (5)--
                        (A) by inserting ``cybersecurity and'' after
                    ``standards for''; and
                        (B) by striking ``procedure'' and inserting
                    ``procedures''.
        (b) Exclusive Rulemaking Authority.--Section 44701 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Exclusive Rulemaking Authority.--Notwithstanding any other
    provision of law and except as provided in section 40132, the
    Administrator, in consultation with the heads of such other agencies as
    the Administrator determines necessary, shall have exclusive authority
    to prescribe regulations for purposes of assuring civil aircraft,
    including unmanned aircraft systems, aircraft engine, propeller, and
    appliance cybersecurity.''.

    SEC. 573. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS, POLICY, AND
                  GUIDANCE.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 401 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 40132. National airspace system cyber threat management process
        ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration, in consultation with other agencies as the
    Administrator determines necessary, shall establish a national airspace
    system cyber threat management process to protect the national airspace
    system cyber environment, including the safety, security, and
    efficiency of the air navigation services provided by the
    Administration.
        ``(b) Issues To Be Addressed.--In establishing the national
    airspace system cyber threat management process under subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall, at a minimum--
                ``(1) monitor the national airspace system for
            cybersecurity incidents;
                ``(2) in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies,
            evaluate the cyber threat landscape for the national airspace
            system, including updating such evaluation on both annual and
            threat-based timelines;
                ``(3) conduct national airspace system cyber incident
            analyses;
                ``(4) create a cyber common operating picture for the
            national airspace system cyber environment;
                ``(5) coordinate national airspace system cyber incident
            responses with other appropriate Federal agencies;
                ``(6) track cyber incident detection, response, mitigation
            implementation, recovery, and closure;
                ``(7) establish a process, or utilize existing processes,
            to collect relevant interagency and stakeholder national
            airspace system cyber incident data, including data from other
            Federal agencies and private persons;
                ``(8) conduct a review of potential vulnerabilities in
            inflight Wi-Fi service that may put the data of passengers at
            risk; and
                ``(9) consider any other matter the Administrator
            determines appropriate.
        ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Cyber common operating picture.--The term `cyber
            common operating picture' means the correlation of a detected
            cyber incident or cyber threat in the national airspace system
            and other operational anomalies to provide a holistic view of
            potential cause and impact.
                ``(2) Cyber environment.--The term `cyber environment'
            means the information environment consisting of the
            interdependent networks of information technology
            infrastructures and resident data, including the internet,
            telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded
            processors and controllers.
                ``(3) Cyber incident.--The term `cyber incident' means an
            action that creates noticeable degradation, disruption, or
            destruction to the cyber environment and causes a safety or
            other negative impact on operations of--
                        ``(A) the national airspace system;
                        ``(B) civil aircraft; or
                        ``(C) aeronautical products and articles.
                ``(4) Cyber threat.--The term `cyber threat' means the
            threat of an action that, if carried out, would constitute a
            cyber incident or an electronic attack.
                ``(5) Electronic attack.--The term `electronic attack'
            means the use of electromagnetic spectrum energy to impede
            operations in the cyber environment, including through
            techniques such as jamming or spoofing.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 401 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``40132. National airspace system cyber threat management process.''.

    SEC. 574. CIVIL AVIATION CYBERSECURITY RULEMAKING COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall convene an aviation rulemaking committee on civil aircraft
    cybersecurity to conduct a review and develop findings and
    recommendations on cybersecurity standards for civil aircraft, aircraft
    ground support information systems, airports, air traffic control
    mission systems, and aeronautical products and articles.
        (b) Duties.--The Administrator shall--
                (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
            this Act, submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report based on the findings of the aviation
            rulemaking committee convened under subsection (a); and
                (2) not later than 180 days after the date of submission of
            the report under paragraph (1) and, in consultation with other
            agencies as the Administrator determines necessary, for
            consensus recommendations reached by such aviation rulemaking
            committee--
                        (A) undertake a rulemaking, if appropriate, based
                    on such recommendations; and
                        (B) submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
                    the Senate a supplemental report with explanations for
                    each consensus recommendation not addressed, if
                    applicable, by a rulemaking under subparagraph (A).
        (c) Composition.--The aviation rulemaking committee convened under
    subsection (a) shall consist of members appointed by the Administrator,
    including representatives of--
                (1) aircraft manufacturers, to include at least 1
            manufacturer of transport category aircraft;
                (2) air carriers;
                (3) unmanned aircraft system stakeholders, including
            operators, service suppliers, and manufacturers of hardware
            components and software applications;
                (4) manufacturers of powered-lift aircraft;
                (5) airports;
                (6) original equipment manufacturers of ground and space
            based aviation infrastructure;
                (7) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of
            aircraft cybersecurity; and
                (8) a non-profit which operates 1 or more federally funded
            research and development centers with specific knowledge of
            aviation and cybersecurity.
        (d) Member Eligibility.--Prior to a member's appointment under
    subsection (c), the Administrator shall determine if there is cause for
    such member to be restricted from possessing sensitive security
    information. Upon a determination of no cause being found regarding the
    member, and upon the member voluntarily signing a nondisclosure
    agreement, the member may be granted access to sensitive security
    information that is relevant to the member's duties on the aviation
    rulemaking committee. The member shall protect the sensitive security
    information in accordance with part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal
    Regulations.
        (e) Prohibition on Compensation.--The members of the aviation
    rulemaking committee convened under subsection (a) shall not receive
    pay, allowances, or benefits from the Government by reason of their
    service on such committee.
        (f) Considerations.--The Administrator shall direct such committee
    to consider--
                (1) existing cybersecurity standards, regulations,
            policies, and guidance, including those from other Federal
            agencies;
                (2) threat- and risk-based security approaches used by the
            aviation industry, including the assessment of the potential
            costs and benefits of cybersecurity actions;
                (3) data gathered from cybersecurity reporting;
                (4) data gathered from safety reporting;
                (5) the diversity of operations and systems on aircraft and
            amongst air carriers;
                (6) security of design data;
                (7) the need to harmonize or deconflict proposed and
            existing standards, regulations, policies, and guidance with
            other Federal standards, regulations, policies, and guidance;
                (8) design approval holder aircraft network security
            guidance for operators;
                (9) the need for such standards, regulations, policies, and
            guidance as applied to civil aircraft information, data,
            networks, systems, services, operations, and technology;
                (10) Federal Aviation Administration services, aviation
            industry services, and aircraft use of positioning, navigation,
            and timing data in the context of Executive Order No. 13905, as
            in effect on the date of enactment of this Act;
                (11) updates needed to airworthiness regulations and
            systems safety assessment methods used to show compliance with
            airworthiness requirements for design, function, installation,
            and certification of civil aircraft, aeronautical products and
            articles, and aircraft networks;
                (12) updates needed to air carrier operating and
            maintenance regulations to ensure continued adherence with
            processes and procedures established in airworthiness
            regulations to provide cybersecurity protections for aircraft
            systems, including for continued airworthiness;
                (13) policies and procedures to coordinate with other
            Federal agencies, including intelligence agencies, and the
            aviation industry in sharing information and analyses related
            to cyber threats to civil aircraft information, data, networks,
            systems, services, operations, and technology and aeronautical
            products and articles;
                (14) the response of the Administrator and aviation
            industry to, and recovery from, cyber incidents, including by
            coordinating with other Federal agencies, including
            intelligence agencies;
                (15) processes for members of the aviation industry to
            voluntarily report to the Federal Aviation Administration cyber
            incidents that may affect aviation safety in a manner that
            protects trade secrets and confidential business information;
                (16) the unique nature of the aviation industry, including
            aircraft networks, aircraft systems, and aeronautical products,
            and the interconnectedness of cybersecurity and aviation
            safety;
                (17) appropriate cybersecurity controls for aircraft
            networks, aircraft systems, and aeronautical products and
            articles to protect aviation safety, including airworthiness;
                (18) appropriate cybersecurity controls for airports
            relative to the size and nature of airside operations of such
            airports to ensure aviation safety;
                (19) minimum standards for protecting civil aircraft,
            aeronautical products and articles, aviation networks, aviation
            systems, services, and operations from cyber threats and cyber
            incidents;
                (20) international collaboration, where appropriate and
            consistent with the interests of aviation safety in air
            commerce and national security, with other civil aviation
            authorities, international aviation and standards
            organizations, and any other appropriate entities to protect
            civil aviation from cyber incidents and cyber threats;
                (21) the recommendations and implementation of the Aircraft
            System Information Security/Protection report of the aviation
            rulemaking advisory committee submitted on August 22, 2016; and
                (22) any other matter the Administrator determines
            appropriate.
        (g) Definitions.--The definitions set forth in section 40132 of
    title 49, United States Code (as added by this subtitle), shall apply
    to this section.

                         TITLE VI--AEROSPACE INNOVATION

                     Subtitle A--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

    SEC. 601. DEFINITIONS.

        (a) Definition.--Section 44801(1) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (C) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting a semicolon; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) is able to maintain safe flight control in
                    the event of a power or flight control failure during
                    flight; and
                        ``(E) is programmed to initiate a controlled
                    landing in the event of a tether separation.''.

    SEC. 602. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM TEST RANGES.

        (a) In General.--Section 44803 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 44803. Unmanned aircraft system test ranges
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall carry out and update, as appropriate, a program to
    enable a broad variety of testing and evaluation activities at unmanned
    aircraft system test ranges, as in effect on the day before the date of
    enactment of the Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American
    Aviation Act, to the extent consistent with aviation safety and
    efficiency, and for purposes of the safe integration of unmanned
    aircraft systems into the national airspace system.
        ``(b) Airspace Requirements.--In carrying out the program under
    subsection (a)--
                ``(1) the Administrator may establish nonregulatory special
            use airspace areas upon the request of a test range sponsor
            selected by the Administrator under subsection (a), for
            purposes of accommodating hazardous testing and evaluation
            activities to inform the safe integration of unmanned aircraft
            systems into the national airspace system, or for purposes of
            other activities authorized by the Administrator under
            subsection (g);
                ``(2) each selected test range sponsor for a designated
            test range shall be considered the using agency for purposes of
            the respective nonregulatory special use airspace areas
            established by the Administrator under this section; and
                ``(3) the Administrator may require that each selected test
            range sponsor for a designated test range provide a draft
            environmental review consistent with the National Environmental
            Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), subject to the
            supervision and adoption of the Administrator, with respect to
            any request for the establishment of a nonregulatory special
            use airspace area under this section.
        ``(c) Program Requirement.--In carrying out the program under
    subsection (a), the Administrator--
                ``(1) may develop operational standards and air traffic
            requirements for flight operations at test ranges;
                ``(2) shall coordinate with, and leverage the resources of,
            other Federal agencies, as the Administrator considers
            appropriate;
                ``(3) shall address both civil and public aircraft
            operations;
                ``(4) shall provide for verification of the safety of
            flight systems and related navigation procedures as it relates
            to continued development of standards for integration into the
            national airspace system;
                ``(5) shall engage test range sponsors, as necessary and
            within available resources, in projects for testing and
            evaluation of flight systems to facilitate the validation of
            standards by the Administration for the safe integration of
            unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system,
            which may include solutions for--
                        ``(A) developing and enforcing geographic and
                    altitude limitations;
                        ``(B) providing for alerts regarding any hazards or
                    limitations on flight, including prohibitions on
                    flight;
                        ``(C) sense and avoid capabilities;
                        ``(D) technology to support communications,
                    navigation, and surveillance;
                        ``(E) unmanned aircraft system operations beyond
                    visual line of sight, at nighttime, or over people;
                        ``(F) operation of multiple unmanned aircraft
                    systems by a single remote pilot;
                        ``(G) unmanned aircraft systems traffic management
                    capabilities or services;
                        ``(H) counter unmanned aircraft system
                    capabilities;
                        ``(I) improving privacy protections through the use
                    of advances in unmanned aircraft systems; and
                        ``(J) other critical priority areas for which
                    testing and evaluation is needed.
                ``(6) shall coordinate periodically with all test range
            sponsors to ensure test range sponsors know which data should
            be collected, how data can be de-identified to flow more
            readily to the Administration, what procedures should be
            followed, and what testing and evaluations would advance
            efforts to safely integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the
            national airspace system; and
                ``(7) shall allow test range sponsors to receive Federal
            funding, other than from the Federal Aviation Administration,
            including in-kind contributions, from test range participants
            in the furtherance of testing and evaluation objectives.
        ``(d) Exemption.--Except as provided in subsection (g), the
    requirements of section 44711, including related implementing
    regulations, shall not apply to persons approved by the test range
    sponsor for operation at a designated test range under this section.
        ``(e) Responsibilities of Test Range Sponsor.--The sponsor of each
    test range under subsection (a) shall--
                ``(1) provide access to all interested private and public
            entities seeking to carry out testing and evaluation activities
            at the test range designated pursuant to this section, to the
            greatest extent practicable, consistent with safety and any
            operating procedures established by the test range sponsor,
            including access by small business concerns (as that term is
            described in section 3(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C.
            632(a));
                ``(2) ensure all activities remain within the geographical
            boundaries and altitude limitations established for the
            nonregulatory special use airspace area covering the test
            range;
                ``(3) ensure no activity is conducted at the designated
            test range in a careless or reckless manner;
                ``(4) establish safe operating procedures for all operators
            approved for activities at the test range, including provisions
            for maintaining operational control and ensuring protection of
            persons and property on the ground, subject to approval by the
            Administrator;
                ``(5) exercise direct oversight of all operations conducted
            at the test range;
                ``(6) consult with the Administrator on the nature of
            planned activities at the test range and whether temporary
            segregation through the use of a nonregulatory special use
            airspace area is required to contain such activities is
            consistent with aviation safety;
                ``(7) protect proprietary technology, sensitive data, or
            sensitive research of any civil or private entity when using
            the test range;
                ``(8) maintain detailed records of all ongoing and
            completed testing and evaluation activities conducted at the
            test range and all operators conducting such activities, for
            inspection by, and reporting to, the Administrator, as required
            by agreement between the Administrator and the test range
            sponsor;
                ``(9) make all original records available for inspection
            upon request by the Administrator; and
                ``(10) provide recommendations to the Administrator to
            further enable public and private testing and evaluation
            activities at the test ranges that contribute to the safe
            integration of unmanned aircraft systems by the Administration
            into the national airspace system, on a quarterly basis until
            the program terminates.
        ``(f) Testing.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may authorize a
            sponsor of a test range designated under subsection (a) to host
            testing and evaluation activities other than those directly
            related to the integration of unmanned aircraft systems into
            the national airspace system, provided that the activity is
            necessary to inform the development of standards or policy for
            integrating new types of flight systems into the national
            airspace system.
                ``(2) Waiver.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Administrator may waive the requirements of section 44711,
            including related regulations, to the extent consistent with
            aviation safety.
        ``(g) Agreements.--The Administrator may use the transaction
    authority under section 106(l)(6) to enter into appropriate agreements
    to direct testing and evaluation activities related to unmanned
    aircraft systems at any test range designated under subsection (a).
        ``(h) Termination.--The program under this section shall terminate
    on September 30, 2028.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 44801(10) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``any of the 6 test ranges'' and
    all that follows through ``January 1, 2009'' and inserting ``the test
    ranges established by the Administrator under section 44803''.

    SEC. 603. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT IN THE ARCTIC.

        (a) In General.--Section 44804 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in section heading by striking ``Small unmanned'' and
            inserting ``Unmanned''; and
                (2) by striking ``small'' each place it appears.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 448 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    44804 and insert the following:

    ``44804. Unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.''.

    SEC. 604. PUBLIC SAFETY USE OF TETHERED UAS.

        (a) In General.--Section 44806 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading by inserting ``and public safety
            use of unmanned aircraft systems'' after ``systems'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by inserting ``Safety
                    Use of'' after ``Public''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``Not later than
                                    180 days after the date of enactment of
                                    this Act, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                                        (II) by striking ``permit the use
                                    of'' and inserting ``permit'';
                                        (III) by striking ``public''; and
                                        (IV) by inserting ``by a public
                                    safety organization for such systems''
                                    after ``systems'';
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (A) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(A) operated--
                                ``(i) at or below an altitude of 150 feet
                            above ground level within class B, C, D, E, or
                            G airspace, but not at a greater altitude than
                            the ceiling depicted on the UAS facility maps
                            published by the Federal Aviation
                            Administration, where applicable;
                                ``(ii) within zero-grid airspaces as
                            depicted on such UAS facility maps, only if
                            operated in life-saving or emergency situations
                            and with prior notification to the
                            Administration in a manner determined by the
                            Administrator; or
                                ``(iii) above 150 feet above ground level
                            within class B, C, D, E, or G airspace only
                            with prior authorization from the
                            Administrator;'';
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                                (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (C),
                            (D), and (E) as subparagraphs (B), (C), and
                            (D), respectively; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking ``Public
                    actively'' and inserting ``Actively''; and
                (3) by adding at the end, the following:
        ``(e) Definition.--In this section, the term `public safety
    organization' means an entity that primarily engages in activities
    related to the safety and well-being of the general public, including
    law enforcement, fire departments, emergency medical services, and
    other organizations that protect and serve the public in matters of
    safety and security.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 448 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    44806 and inserting the following:

    ``44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems and public safety use of
                                unmanned aircraft systems.''.

    SEC. 605. SPECIAL AUTHORITY FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

        Section 44807 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by inserting ``or chapter 447'' after ``this
                    chapter'';
                        (B) by striking ``the Secretary of Transportation''
                    and inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal
                    Aviation Administration''; and
                        (C) by striking ``if certain'' and inserting
                    ``how'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``the Secretary'' and inserting
                    ``the Administrator''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``which types of unmanned
                            aircraft systems, if any, as a result of their
                            size'' and inserting ``how the unmanned
                            aircraft, as a result of such aircraft's
                            size''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``do not create'' and
                            inserting ``does not create'';
                (3) in subsection (c) to read as follows:
        ``(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--
                ``(1) In general.--For unmanned aircraft systems that the
            Administrator determines under this section may operate safely
            in the national airspace system, the Administrator shall
            establish risk-based requirements, or a process to accept risk-
            based proposed requirements, for the safe operation of such
            aircraft systems in the national airspace system, including
            operation related to testing and evaluation of proprietary
            systems.
                ``(2) Treatment of mitigation measures.--To the extent that
            a proposed operation will be conducted exclusively within the
            airspace of a Mode C Veil during the entirety of the operation,
            such operation shall be treated as satisfying the requirements
            of section 91.113(b) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
            so long as the operation employs--
                        ``(A) ADS-B In-based detect and avoid capabilities;
                        ``(B) air traffic control communication and
                    coordination; and
                        ``(C) aeronautical information management systems
                    to notify other aircraft operators of such operations.
                ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
            shall be construed to give an unmanned aircraft operating
            pursuant to this section the right of way over a manned
            aircraft.'';
                (4) in subsection (d) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2033''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(e) Limitation.--In making determinations under this section, the
    Administrator may not consider unmanned aircraft systems to the extent
    that such systems may meet the requirements of established regulations
    applicable to the proposed operation of a system.
        ``(f) Exemption.--The Administrator may exercise the authorities
    described in this section without requiring a rulemaking or imposing
    the requirements of part 11 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
    to the extent consistent with aviation safety.''.

    SEC. 606. RECREATIONAL OPERATIONS OF DRONE SYSTEMS.

        (a) Specified Exception for Limited Recreational Operations of
    Unmanned Aircraft.--Section 44809 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking paragraph (6) and
            inserting the following:
                ``(6) Except for circumstances when the Administrator
            establishes alternative altitude ceilings or as otherwise
            authorized in section (c), in Class G airspace, the aircraft is
            flown from the surface to not more than 400 feet above ground
            level and complies with all airspace and flight restrictions
            and prohibitions established under this subtitle, such as
            special use airspace designations and temporary flight
            restrictions.'';
                (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
        ``(c) Operations at Fixed Sites.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a
            process to approve, and publicly disseminate the location of,
            fixed sites at which a person may carry out recreational
            unmanned aircraft system operations.
                ``(2) Operating procedures.--
                        ``(A) Controlled airspace.--Persons operating
                    unmanned aircraft under paragraph (1) from a fixed site
                    within Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within
                    the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E
                    airspace designated for an airport, or a community-
                    based organization sponsoring operations within such
                    airspace, shall make the location of the fixed site
                    known to the Administrator and shall establish a
                    mutually agreed upon operating procedure with the air
                    traffic control facility.
                        ``(B) Altitude.--The Administrator, in coordination
                    with community-based organizations sponsoring
                    operations at fixed sites, shall develop a process to
                    approve requests for recreational unmanned aircraft
                    systems operations at fixed sites that exceed the
                    maximum altitude contained in a UAS Facility Map.
                        ``(C) Class g airspace.--Subject to compliance with
                    all airspace and flight restrictions and prohibitions
                    established under this subtitle, such as special use
                    airspace designations and temporary flight
                    restrictions, persons operating drones under paragraph
                    (1) from a fixed site at which the operations are
                    sponsored by a community-based organization may operate
                    within Class G airspace--
                                ``(i) up to 400 feet above ground level,
                            without prior authorization from the
                            Administrator; and
                                ``(ii) above 400 feet above ground level,
                            with prior authorization from the
                            Administrator.
                ``(3) Unmanned aircraft weighing 55 pounds or greater.--A
            person may operate an unmanned aircraft weighing 55 pounds or
            greater, including the weight of anything attached to or
            carried by the aircraft, under paragraph (1) if--
                        ``(A) the unmanned aircraft complies with standards
                    and limitations developed by a community-based
                    organization and approved by the Administrator; and
                        ``(B) the aircraft is operated from a fixed site as
                    described in paragraph (1).
                ``(4) FAA-recognized identification areas.--In implementing
            subpart C of part 89 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
            the Administrator shall prioritize the review and adjudication
            of requests to establish FAA Recognized Identification Areas at
            fixed sites established under this section.'';
                (3) in subsection (d) by striking the subsection
            designation and heading and all that follows through ``(3)
            Savings clause.--'' and inserting ``(d) Savings clause.--'';
                (4) in subsection (d) by striking ``subsection (a) of'';
                (5) in subsection (f)(1) by striking ``updates to'';
                (6) by striking subsection (g)(1) and inserting the
            following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with
            manufacturers of unmanned aircraft systems, community-based
            organizations, and other industry stakeholders, shall develop,
            maintain, and update, as necessary, an aeronautical knowledge
            and safety test. Such test shall be administered electronically
            by the Administrator or a person designated by the
            Administrator.''; and
                (7) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (6) as
                    paragraphs (2) through (7), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so
                    redesignated) the following:
                ``(1) is recognized by the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration;''.
        (b) Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Educational Purposes.--
    Section 350 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 44809
    note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting before paragraph (3) (as so
                    redesignated) the following:
                ``(2) operated by an elementary school or secondary school
            for educational or research purposes;''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by inserting ``an elementary
                    school, or a secondary school,'' after ``with respect
                    to the operation of an unmanned aircraft system by an
                    institution of higher education,''; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) Elementary school.--The term `elementary school' has
            the meaning given to that term by section 8101 of the
            Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
            7801(19)).
                ``(4) Secondary school.--The term `secondary school' has
            the meaning given to that term by section 8101 of the
            Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
            7801(45)).''.

    SEC. 607. AIRPORT SAFETY AND AIRSPACE HAZARD MITIGATION AND
                  ENFORCEMENT.

        Section 44810(h) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 608. APPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNATION.

        (a) In General.--Section 44810(c) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by inserting ``, and any other location the Administrator
    determines appropriate'' after ``Data''.
        (b) Applications for Designation.--Section 2209 of the FAA
    Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44802 note) is
    further amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ``, including
            temporarily,'' after ``restrict'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(iv) by striking ``Other
            locations that warrant such restrictions'' and inserting
            ``State correctional facilities''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Deadlines.--
                ``(1) Not later than March 1, 2024, the Administrator shall
            publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to carry out the
            requirements of this section.
                ``(2) Not later than 16 months after publishing the notice
            of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), the Administrator
            shall issue a final rule.''.

    SEC. 609. BEYOND VISUAL LINE OF SIGHT RULEMAKING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 4 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking establishing
    performance-based airworthiness criteria and risk-based operational
    regulations for unmanned aircraft systems operated beyond visual line
    of sight that are intended to operate primarily at or below 400 feet
    above ground level.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator
    shall--
                (1) establish a means to accept proposed--
                        (A) airworthiness standards for unmanned aircraft;
                        (B) standards for associated elements of unmanned
                    aircraft; and
                        (C) qualification standards for remote pilots
                    operating unmanned aircraft beyond visual line of
                    sight;
                (2) enable the ability for unmanned aircraft to be operated
            for agricultural purposes including research;
                (3) establish a process by which the Administrator may
            approve or accept third party compliance services in support of
            the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the
            national airspace system;
                (4) establish protocols, as appropriate, for networked
            information exchange, including network-based remote
            identification in support of beyond visual line of sight
            operations; and
                (5) ensure the safety of manned aircraft operating in the
            national airspace system.
        (c) Considerations.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator may leverage previously gathered data, information, and
    efforts of the Administration to finalize rulemaking as required under
    this section.
        (d) Unmanned Aircraft Airworthiness Standards.--In carrying out
    subsection (b)(1)(A), the Administrator shall--
                (1) define the operational environments for which
            airworthiness is needed to ensure aviation safety;
                (2) establish an airworthiness category or categories for
            unmanned aircraft to be eligible for a special airworthiness
            certificate; and
                (3) establish a process to approve standards, means of
            compliance, and declarations of compliance.
        (e) Unmanned Aircraft Associated Elements Standards.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (b)(1)(B), the
            Administrator shall establish a process to accept or approve
            the associated elements of an unmanned aircraft that, when
            considered collectively with other associated elements and an
            unmanned aircraft, meet an acceptable performance-based safety
            standard.
                (2) Considerations.--In establishing the process under
            paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the ways
            associated elements of an unmanned aircraft system interact
            with other associated elements and unmanned aircraft.
        (f) Remote Pilot Qualifications.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (b)(1)(C), the
            Administrator shall establish qualifications and standards, or
            a means to accept proposed qualifications and standards, for
            remote pilots operating unmanned aircraft systems.
                (2) Considerations.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall account for the varying levels of
            automation of unmanned aircraft systems.
                (3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may
            be construed to allow for the establishment of type-ratings
            that apply specifically and exclusively to an aircraft
            manufactured by 1 manufacturer.
        (g) Interim Approvals.--Before the date on which the Administrator
    issues a final rule under this section, the Administrator shall use the
    process described in section 44807 of title 49, United States Code, to
    authorize unmanned aircraft system operations conducted beyond visual
    line of sight.
        (h) Final Rule.--Not later than 16 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall issue a final rule
    establishing the regulations required under this section.
        (i) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Associated elements.--The term ``associated elements''
            means any component of an unmanned aircraft system, not
            permanently affixed to the unmanned aircraft, required for the
            remote pilot to operate such aircraft safely and efficiently in
            the national airspace system.
                (2) Beyond visual line of sight.--The term ``beyond visual
            line of sight'' means a distance at which the remote pilot in
            command of an unmanned aircraft system cannot see the unmanned
            aircraft with vision unaided by any device other than
            corrective lenses.
                (3) Unmanned aircraft; unmanned aircraft system.--The terms
            ``unmanned aircraft'' and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the
            meaning given such terms in section 44801 of title 49, United
            States Code.

    SEC. 610. UAS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    may enter into agreements for purposes of--
                (1) testing and refining UTM capabilities and services to
            inform the development of UTM standards in subsection (b);
                (2) authorizing UTM service providers that meet the
            requirements described in subsection (b) to provide UTM
            services to better enable advanced unmanned aircraft systems
            operations, including--
                        (A) beyond visual line of sight operations;
                        (B) aircraft-to-aircraft communications; and
                        (C) operations in which an individual acts as
                    remote pilot in command of more than 1 unmanned
                    aircraft at the same time; and
                (3) fostering the safe integration of unmanned aircraft
            systems using UTM capabilities and services within the national
            airspace system.
        (b) Standardization.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
            Administrator shall publish requirements or guidance associated
            with UTM, including--
                        (A) the types of operations requiring, or
                    benefitting from, the use of UTM capabilities and
                    services described in subsection (a), including beyond
                    visual line of sight operations;
                        (B) areas of operation or categories of airspace
                    requiring, or benefitting from, the use of UTM
                    capabilities and services;
                        (C) performance-based technical standards for UAS
                    operations using UTM capabilities and services; and
                        (D) application program interfaces that enable UTM
                    service suppliers to integrate UTM capabilities and
                    services into other systems for use by users of the
                    national airspace system, including unmanned aircraft
                    system operators.
                (2) International harmonization.--In carrying out paragraph
            (1), the Administrator shall seek to harmonize, to the extent
            practicable and advisable, UTM standards with standards
            produced by recognized industry standards organizations or
            other peer civil aviation authorities.
                (3) Feedback of concept of operations.--Not later than 90
            days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator
            shall solicit feedback from stakeholders on the most recently
            published UTM concept of operations of the Administration.
                (4) Finalization of concept of operations.--Not later than
            1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
            Administrator shall publish a final version of the UTM concept
            of operations of the Administration.
        (c) Stakeholder Partnerships.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall establish a means by which the Administrator can
    enter into cooperative agreements, contracts, other transaction
    agreements, and other appropriate mechanisms with appropriate persons,
    partnerships, and consortia to enable qualified third-parties to
    design, build, develop, fund, and manage UTM.
        (d) Rules of Construction.--
                (1) Beyond visual line of sight operations.--Nothing in
            this section shall be construed to prevent or prohibit beyond
            visual line of sight operations through the use of technologies
            other than UTM capabilities and services.
                (2) Airspace.--Nothing in this section shall be construed
            to alter the authority under section 40103 of title 49, United
            States Code.
        (e) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall brief the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on progress made by the Administration
    detailing the implementation and requirements of this section and any
    applicable timelines to completion.
        (f) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Appropriate persons.--The term ``appropriate persons''
            means a Federal, State, local, Tribal, or territorial
            governmental entity, or a person.
                (2) UTM.--The term ``UTM'' means the manner in which the
            Administration will support operations for unmanned aircraft
            systems operating in low-altitude airspace.

    SEC. 611. RADAR DATA PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) Sensitive Radar Data Feed Pilot Program.--Not later than 180
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of
    Defense, and other heads of relevant Federal agencies, shall establish
    a pilot program to make airspace data feeds containing classified or
    controlled unclassified information available to qualified users, in
    conjunction with subsection (b).
        (b) Authorization.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies and in
    coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall establish a process
    to authorize qualified entities to receive airspace data feeds
    containing classified information related to air traffic within the
    national airspace system and use such information in an agreed upon
    manner to--
                (1) provide--
                        (A) air traffic management services; and
                        (B) unmanned aircraft system traffic management
                    services; or
                (2) to test technologies that may enable or enhance the
            provision of the services described in paragraph (1).
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after establishing the pilot
    program under subsection (a), and annually thereafter, the
    Administrator shall brief the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the findings of
    the Administrator related to the pilot program established under this
    section.
        (d) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on October 1,
    2028.
        (e) Definition of Qualified User.--In this section, the term
    ``qualified user'' means an entity authorized to receive airspace data
    feeds containing classified or controlled unclassified information
    pursuant to subsection (b).

    SEC. 612. ELECTRONIC CONSPICUITY STUDY.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study of technologies and methods that may be used by
    operators of unmanned aircraft systems to detect and avoid manned
    aircraft that may lawfully operate below 500 feet above ground level
    and that are--
                (1) not equipped with a transponder or automatic dependent
            surveillance-broadcast out equipment; or
                (2) otherwise not electronically conspicuous.
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with--
                (1) representatives from--
                        (A) unmanned aircraft systems manufacturers and
                    operators;
                        (B) general aviation operators;
                        (C) aerial applicators; and
                        (D) helicopter operators, including State and local
                    governments; and
                (2) any other person the Comptroller General determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report describing the results of such study.

    SEC. 613. REMOTE IDENTIFICATION ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE.

        (a) Study.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall review and evaluate the final rule titled ``Remote
    Identification of Unmanned Aircraft'', issued on January 15, 2021, to
    determine the feasibility and advisability of whether unmanned aircraft
    manufacturers and operators can meet the intent of such final rule
    through alternative means of compliance, including through network-
    based remote identification.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study under subsection (a).

    SEC. 614. PART 107 WAIVER IMPROVEMENTS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall adopt a performance- and risk-based approach in
    reviewing requests for certificates of waiver under section 107.200 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Standardization of Waiver Application.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
            Administrator shall improve the process established to submit
            requests for certificates of waiver described in subsection
            (a).
                (2) Format.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Administrator may not require the use of open-ended descriptive
            prompts that are required to be filled out by an applicant,
            except to provide applicants the ability to provide the
            Administration with information for an unusual or irregular
            operation.
                (3) Data.--
                        (A) In general.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
                    Administrator shall leverage data gathered from
                    previous requests for certificates of waivers.
                        (B) Considerations.--In carrying out subparagraph
                    (A), the Administrator shall safely use--
                                (i) big data analytics; and
                                (ii) machine learning.
        (c) Consideration of Property Ownership Interest.--
                (1) In general.--In determining whether to issue a
            certificate of waiver under section 107.200 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations, the Administrator shall--
                        (A) consider whether the waiver applicant has
                    control over access to all real property on the ground
                    within the area of operation; and
                        (B) recognize and account for the safety
                    enhancements of such controlled access.
                (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall
            be construed to direct the Administrator to consider the lack
            of control over access to all real property on the ground
            within an area of operation, or a lack of property interest in
            such area of operation, as negatively affecting the safety of
            the operation intended to be conducted under such certificate
            of waiver.
        (d) Public Availability of Waivers.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator shall publish all
            certificates of waiver issued under section 107.200 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations, on the website of the
            Administration, including, with respect to each issued
            certificate of waiver--
                        (A) the terms, conditions, and limitations; and
                        (B) the class of airspace and any restrictions
                    related to operating near airports or heliports.
                (2) Publication.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall ensure that published information is made
            available in a manner that prevents inappropriate disclosure of
            proprietary information.
        (e) Precedential Use of Previously Approved Waivers.--
                (1) Waiver approval precedent.--Except as provided in
            paragraph (3), if the Administrator determines, using criteria
            for a particular waiver, that an application for a certificate
            of waiver issued under section 107.200 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations, is substantially similar (or is comprised
            of elements that are substantially similar) to an application
            for a certificate of waiver that the Administrator has
            previously approved, the Administrator may streamline, as
            appropriate, the approval of applications with substantially
            similar conditions and limitations as a previously approved
            application.
                (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in paragraph (1) shall
            be construed to preclude an applicant for a certificate of
            waiver from applying to modify a condition, or remove a
            limitation of, such certificate.
        (f) Modification of Waivers.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish an
            expedited review process for a request to modify or renew
            certificates of waiver previously issued under section 107.200
            of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, as appropriate.
                (2) Use of review process.--The review process established
            under paragraph (1) shall be used to review certificates of
            waiver that cover operations that are substantially similar in
            all material facts to operations covered under a subsequently
            issued certificate of waiver.

    SEC. 615. ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK AND RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall establish acceptable levels of risk, and develop a risk
    assessment methodology associated with such levels of risk, to enable
    unmanned aircraft system operations conducted--
                (1) under waivers issued to part 107 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations;
                (2) pursuant to section 44807 of title 49, United States
            Code; or
                (3) pursuant to future regulations promulgated by the
            Administrator, as appropriate.
        (b) Acceptable Levels of Risk.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall establish acceptable levels of risk for unmanned
    aircraft system operations in the national airspace system and a method
    for assessing the operational risk of a proposed operation in
    accordance with such acceptable level.
        (c) Risk Assessment Methodology.--In carrying out subsections (a)
    and (b), the Administrator shall develop a risk assessment methodology
    to allow remote pilots in command operating unmanned aircraft systems
    pursuant to subsection (a) to determine the risk associated with a
    specific operation, and mitigate such a risk, as necessary.
        (d) Risk Assessment Methodology Considerations.--In establishing
    the risk assessment methodology described under this section, the
    Administrator shall consider--
                (1) the time of day of the operation;
                (2) the population density of the area of operation;
                (3) the class of airspace and such requirements necessary
            for airspace users to legally operate in each class of
            airspace;
                (4) the proximity to infrastructure, to the extent that
            proximity mitigates risk to other operators of the national
            airspace system;
                (5) the nature of the detect and avoid mitigation measures
            of an unmanned aircraft system; and
                (6) the attributes and characteristics of the unmanned
            aircraft of the unmanned aircraft system, including the--
                        (A) size;
                        (B) visibility;
                        (C) maximum takeoff weight;
                        (D) maximum indicated airspeed; and
                        (E) payload.
        (e) Publication.--The Administrator shall make the risk assessment
    methodology established under this section available to the public on
    an appropriate website of the Administration.
        (f) Definitions of Unmanned Aircraft and Unmanned Aircraft
    System.--In this section, the terms ``unmanned aircraft'' and
    ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the meanings given such terms in
    section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 616. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW.

        (a) Guidance Updates.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall publish unmanned aircraft system-specific guidance
    and implementation procedures. Such guidance and implementation
    procedures shall--
                (1) provide guidance to streamline environmental
            assessments at a programmatic level, as the Administrator
            considers appropriate, for an unmanned aircraft system
            operator's network of operations within a defined geographical
            region, including within and over approved commercial or
            industrial sites closed or restricted to the public;
                (2) provide guidance for nationwide programmatic approaches
            for large scale distributed unmanned aircraft system operations
            whereby a Programmatic Environmental Assessment or
            Environmental Impact Statement can be leveraged for subsequent
            related actions to ensure efficient environmental review;
                (3) consider additional Categorical Exclusions based on
            previously prepared and finalized Environmental Assessments or
            in consultation with the Council on Environmental Quality;
                (4) prioritize proposed projects or activities that may--
                        (A) offset or limit the impacts of non-zero
                    emission activities;
                        (B) offset or limit the release of environmental
                    pollutants to soil or water; or
                        (C) demonstrate other factors to the benefit of the
                    environment as determined by the Administrator;
                (5) contain intra-agency process improvements to avoid
            providing conflicting safety and environmental feedback to
            operators;
                (6) contain standards and criteria for engaging specialized
            third parties to support the Administration's preparation and
            review of documentation relating to the requirements of the
            National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
            seq.) to ensure streamlined timelines for complex reviews; and
                (7) any other modifications the Administrator considers
            necessary within the stated environmental objectives of the
            National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
            seq.) and the Federal priority to maintain global leadership in
            aviation innovation.
        (b) Briefing.--No later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the plan of the
    Administration to implement subsection (b), including each of the
    considerations specified in the subsection, and an explanation for any
    consideration the Administrator does not intend to implement.
        (c) Concurrent Reviews.--If the Administrator determines that the
    review of an unmanned aircraft system's design, construction,
    maintenance and operational sustainability, airworthiness approval, or
    operational approval requires environmental assessment, including
    requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
    U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent
    practicable, conduct such reviews and analyses concurrent with one
    another.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed as prohibiting, restricting or otherwise limiting the
    authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator from
    implementing or complying with the requirements of the National
    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and any
    related requirements to ensure the protection of the environment and
    aviation safety.
        (e) Associated UAS Certification Standards.--
                (1) Option to suspend noise certification requirement
            pending standards development.--Notwithstanding the
            requirements of section 44715 of title 49, United States Code,
            the Administrator may waive the determination of compliance
            with part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, for an
            applicant seeking an unmanned aircraft system type and
            airworthiness certification, provided the Administrator has
            developed appropriate noise measurement procedures for such
            systems and the Administrator has received the noise
            measurements results based on such procedures from the
            applicant.
                (2) Development of criteria.--Not later than 90 days after
            the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
            develop and establish substantive criteria and standards
            metrics used by the Administrator to determine whether to
            approve or disapprove the airworthiness of an unmanned aircraft
            pursuant to part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (3) Substantive criteria and standards metrics.--In
            establishing the substantive criteria and standards metrics as
            required under paragraph (2), the Administrator shall include
            such criteria and metrics related to the airworthiness of
            unmanned aircraft for the following:
                        (A) Noise impacts.
                        (B) Visual impacts.
                (4) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish in the
            Federal Register and post on a website of the Federal Aviation
            Administration the criteria and metrics established pursuant to
            paragraph (2).
        (f) Definition of Unmanned Aircraft System.--In this section, the
    term ``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given such term in
    section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 617. CARRIAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

        (a) Near-term Approvals.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Pipeline
    and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration to revise processes in
    effect on the date of enactment of this Act for the carriage of
    hazardous materials by unmanned aircraft systems to provide that--
                (1) special conditions, waivers, or other requirements
            necessary to enable the carriage of hazardous materials shall
            be incorporated into the existing regulatory and operator
            certification processes of the Federal Aviation Administration
            for unmanned aircraft operations in which the aircraft--
                        (A) weighs less than 100 pounds; and
                        (B) is capable of carrying less than 10 pounds
                    gross weight of limited quantity cargo; and
                (2) the existing special permitting process or other
            existing processes carried out by the Administrator of the
            Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall be
            initiated as early as practicable, and in conjunction with the
            existing regulatory and operator certification processes of the
            Federal Aviation Administration, for unmanned aircraft
            operations in which the unmanned aircraft--
                        (A) weighs 100 pounds or more; or
                        (B) is capable of carrying 10 pounds or more gross
                    weight of limited quantity cargo.
        (b) Rulemaking.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall
            revise requirements, guidance, standards, or other policy
            materials governing the carriage of hazardous materials to
            allow for the carriage of a de minimis amount of hazardous
            materials by an unmanned aircraft.
                (2) Considerations.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall consider--
                        (A) whether a hazardous material is a consumer
                    commodity;
                        (B) requirements for common carriage and private
                    carriage;
                        (C) whether the transportation of a de minimis
                    volume, weight, or amount of a hazardous material would
                    pose an unreasonable risk to health and safety or
                    property;
                        (D) whether the volume, weight, or amount of a
                    hazardous material is large enough to permit the
                    transportation of a commercially meaningful volume,
                    weight, or amount; and
                        (E) the altitude at which unmanned aircraft
                    operations are conducted.
                (3) Implementation.--
                        (A) Petition.--The Secretary shall establish a
                    process for a person to petition to establish or revise
                    a de minimis amount or a hazardous material.
                        (B) Periodic updates.--The Secretary shall--
                                (i) periodically review, as necessary, de
                            minimis amounts of hazardous materials
                            established under paragraph (1);
                                (ii) determine whether such amounts of
                            Hazardous materials should be revised, based on
                            operational and safety data or other factors;
                            and
                                (iii) assess whether to establish a de
                            minimis amount for a hazardous material for
                            which a de minimis volume, weight, or amount
                            has previously not been established.
        (c) Saving Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to--
                (1) limit the authority of the Secretary, the Administrator
            of the Federal Aviation Administration, or the Administrator of
            the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration from
            implementing requirements under existing authorities to ensure
            the safe carriage of hazardous materials by aircraft; and
                (2) confer upon the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration the authorities of the Administrator of the
            Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, as
            described in part 175 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations,
            and chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code.
        (d) Exemption.--The authorities of the Administrator related to the
    transportation, packaging, marking, or description of hazardous
    materials in section 106(g)(1) of title 49, United States Code, shall
    not apply to the extent necessary to enact the requirements of this
    section.
        (e) Definitions.--In the section:
                (1) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term ``unmanned aircraft
            system'' has the meaning given the term in section 44801 of
            title 49, United States Code.
                (2) Consumer commodity.--The term ``consumer commodity''
            has the meaning given such term in section 171.8 of title 49,
            Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 618. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM USE IN WILDFIRE RESPONSE.

        (a) Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Wildfire Response.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration, in coordination with the United States
            Forest Service and any other Federal entity or contracted
            operator the Administrator considers appropriate, shall develop
            a plan on the use of unmanned aircraft systems by public
            entities in wildfire response efforts, including research,
            wildfire detection, mitigation, and suppression.
                (2) Plan contents.--The plan under subsection (a) shall
            provide recommendations to--
                        (A) identify and designate areas of public land
                    with high potential for wildfires in which public
                    entities may conduct unmanned aircraft system beyond
                    visual line of sight operations as part of wildfire
                    response efforts, including wildfire detection,
                    mitigation, and suppression;
                        (B) develop a process to facilitate the safe and
                    efficient operation of unmanned aircraft systems beyond
                    the visual line of sight in wildfire response efforts
                    in areas designated under paragraph (A), including the
                    waiver process under section 91.113 or section 107.31
                    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, for public
                    entities that use unmanned aircraft systems for aerial
                    wildfire detection, mitigation, and suppression; and
                        (C) improve coordination between the relevant
                    Federal agencies and public entities on the use of
                    unmanned aircraft systems in wildfire response efforts.
                (3) Plan submission.--Upon completion of the plan under
            subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration shall submit such plan to, and provide a
            briefing for, the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senates.
                (4) Publication.--Upon submission of the plan under
            subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration shall publish such plan on a publicly available
            website of the Administration.
        (b) Applicability.--This section shall only apply to unmanned
    aircraft systems that are--
                (1) operated by, or on behalf of, a public entity;
                (2) operated in airspace covered by a wildfire-related
            temporary flight restriction under section 91.137 of title 14,
            Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (3) under the operational control of, or otherwise are
            being operationally coordinated by, an authorized aviation
            coordinator responsible for coordinating disaster relief
            aircraft within the airspace covered by such temporary flight
            restriction.
        (c) Interagency Coordination.--Not later than 180 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall seek to enter
    into the necessary agreements to provide a liaison of the
    Administration to the National Interagency Fire Center to facilitate
    the use of manned and unmanned aircraft in wildfire response efforts,
    including wildfire detection, mitigation, and suppression.
        (d) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
    confer upon the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    the authorities of the Administration of the Federal Emergency
    Management Agency on wildfire response under section 611 of the Robert
    T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
    5196).
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Public entity.--The term ``public entity'' means--
                        (A) a Federal agency;
                        (B) a State government;
                        (C) a local government;
                        (D) a Tribal government; and
                        (E) a territorial government.
                (2) Public land.--The term ``public land'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 205 of the Sikes Act (16 U.S.C.
            670k).
                (3) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term ``unmanned aircraft
            system'' has the meaning given such term in section 44801 of
            title 49, United States Code.
                (4) Wildfire.--The term ``wildfire'' has the meaning given
            that term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression
            Act (42 U.S.C. 1856m).

    SEC. 619. PILOT PROGRAM FOR UAS INSPECTIONS OF FAA INFRASTRUCTURE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish
    and initiate a pilot program to supplement appropriate inspection and
    oversight activities of the department with unmanned aircraft systems
    for the purposes of increasing employee safety, enhancing data
    collection, increasing the accuracy of inspections, reducing costs, and
    other purposes the Secretary considers to be in the broader interests
    of good government.
        (b) Ground-based Aviation Infrastructure.--Under the program
    required in subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall evaluate the use of unmanned aircraft systems to
    inspect ground-based aviation infrastructure that may require visual
    inspection in hard-to-reach areas, including--
                (1) navigational aids;
                (2) air traffic control towers;
                (3) radar facilities;
                (4) communication facilities; and
                (5) other air traffic control facilities.
        (c) Coordination.--In carrying out the pilot program established
    under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with the labor union
    certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code, to
    represent personnel responsible for the inspection of the ground-based
    aviation infrastructure described in subsection (b).
        (d) Covered Foreign Unmanned Aircraft System.--The Secretary may
    not carry out an inspection under this section using an unmanned
    aircraft system manufactured by--
                (1) an entity included on the Consolidated Screening list
            or Entity List as designated by the Secretary of Commerce;
                (2) an entity domiciled in the People's Republic of China
            or the Russian Federation; or
                (3) an entity, or a subsidiary or affiliate of an entity,
            that is subject to influence or control by--
                        (A) the Government of the People's Republic of
                    China;
                        (B) the Chinese Communist Party; or
                        (C) the Russian Federation.
        (e) Briefing.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and annually thereafter until the termination of the pilot
    program under this section, the Secretary shall provide to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a briefing on the status and results of
    the pilot program established under subsection (a), including--
                (1) cost saving;
                (2) a description of how unmanned aircraft systems were
            used to supplement existing inspection, data collection, or
            oversight activities of Department employees, including the
            number of operations and types of activities performed;
                (3) efficiency or safety improvements, if any, associated
            with the use of unmanned aircraft systems to supplement
            conventional inspection, data collection, or oversight
            activities;
                (4) the fleet of unmanned aircraft systems maintained by
            the Department of Transportation for the program, or an
            overview of the services used as part of the pilot program; and
                (5) recommendations for improving the use or efficacy of
            unmanned aircraft systems to supplement the Department's
            conventional inspection, data collection, or oversight
            activities.
        (f) Sunset and Incorporation Into Standard Practice.--
                (1) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection
            (a) and the reporting requirement under subsection (f) shall
            terminate on the date that is 50 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act.
                (2) Incorporation into standard practice.--Upon termination
            of the pilot program, the Secretary shall assess the results of
            the pilot program under this section and determine whether to
            permanently incorporate the use of unmanned aircraft systems
            into the regular inspection, data collection, and oversight
            activities of the Department.
                (3) Report to congress.--Not later than 3 months after the
            termination of the pilot program under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report on the final results of the pilot program and
            the actions taken by the Administrator pursuant to paragraph
            (2).

    SEC. 620. DRONE INFRASTRUCTURE INSPECTION GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) Authority.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a drone
    infrastructure inspection grant program to make grants to governmental
    entities to facilitate the use of eligible small unmanned aircraft
    systems to support more efficient inspection, operation, construction,
    maintenance, modernization, and repair of an element of critical
    infrastructure to improve worker safety related to critical
    infrastructure projects.
        (b) Use of Grant Amounts.--A governmental entity may use a grant
    provided under this section to--
                (1) purchase or lease eligible small unmanned aircraft
            systems;
                (2) support operational capabilities of eligible small
            unmanned aircraft systems by the governmental entity;
                (3) contract for services performed using an eligible small
            unmanned aircraft system in circumstances in which the
            governmental entity does not have the resources or expertise to
            safely carry out or assist in carrying out the activities
            described under subsection (a); and
                (4) support the program management capability of the
            governmental entity to use an eligible small unmanned aircraft
            system.
        (c) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under this
    section, a governmental entity shall submit an application to the
    Secretary at such time, in such form, and containing such information
    as the Secretary may require, including an assurance that the
    governmental entity or any contractor of the governmental entity, will
    comply with relevant Federal regulations.
        (d) Selection of Applicants.--In awarding a grant under this
    section, the Secretary shall prioritize applications that propose to--
                (1) carry out a critical infrastructure project in a
            variety of communities, including urban, suburban, rural,
            tribal, or any other type of community; and
                (2) address a safety risk in the inspection, operation,
            construction, maintenance, or repair of an element of critical
            infrastructure.
        (e) Limitation.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as to
    interfere with an agreement between a governmental entity and a labor
    union, including requirements under section 5333(b) of title 49, United
    States Code.
        (f) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the first
    grant is provided under this section, the Secretary shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report that evaluates the program
    carried out under this section, including--
                (1) a description of the number of grants awarded;
                (2) the amount of each grant;
                (3) the activities funded under this section; and
                (4) the effectiveness of such funded activities in meeting
            the objectives described in subsection (a).
        (g) Funding.--
                (1) Federal share.--
                        (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph
                    (B), the Federal share of the cost of a project carried
                    out using a grant under this section shall not exceed
                    50 percent of the total project cost.
                        (B) Waiver.--The Secretary may increase the Federal
                    share requirement under subparagraph (A) to up to 75
                    percent for a project carried out using a grant under
                    this section by a governmental entity if such entity--
                                (i) submits a written application to the
                            Secretary requesting an increase in the Federal
                            share; and
                                (ii) demonstrates that the additional
                            assistance is necessary to facilitate the
                            acceptance and full use of a grant under this
                            section, such as alleviating economic hardship,
                            meeting additional workforce needs, or such
                            other uses that the Secretary determines to be
                            appropriate.
                (2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of amounts
            authorized to be appropriated under section 106(k) of title 49,
            United States Code, the Secretary shall make available to carry
            out this section--
                        (A) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                        (B) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                        (C) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                        (D) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                        (E) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.
        (h) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered foreign entity.--The term ``covered foreign
            entity'' means an entity--
                        (A) included on the Consolidated Screening List or
                    Entity List as designated by the Secretary of Commerce;
                        (B) domiciled in the People's Republic of China or
                    the Russian Federation;
                        (C) subject to influence or control by the
                    government of the People's Republic of China or by the
                    Russian Federation; or
                        (D) is a subsidiary or affiliate of an entity
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
                (2) Critical infrastructure.--The term ``critical
            infrastructure'' has the meaning given such term in subsection
            (e) of the Critical Infrastructures Protection Act of 2001 (42
            U.S.C. 5195c(e)).
                (3) Element of critical infrastructure.--The term ``element
            of critical infrastructure'' means a critical infrastructure
            facility or asset, including public bridges, tunnels, roads,
            highways, dams, electric grid, water infrastructure,
            communication systems, pipelines, or other related facilities
            or assets, as determined by the Secretary.
                (4) Eligible small unmanned aircraft system.--The term
            ``eligible small unmanned aircraft system'' means a small
            unmanned aircraft system manufactured or assembled by a company
            that is domiciled in the United States and is not a covered
            foreign entity.
                (5) Governmental entity.--The term ``governmental entity''
            means--
                        (A) a State, the District of Columbia, the
                    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the United
                    States, or a political subdivision thereof;
                        (B) a unit of local government;
                        (C) a Tribal Government;
                        (D) a metropolitan planning organization; or
                        (E) a consortia of more than 1 of the entities
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
                (6) Project.--The term ``project'' means a project for the
            inspection, operation, maintenance, repair, modernization, or
            construction of an element of critical infrastructure,
            including mitigating environmental hazards to such
            infrastructure.
                (7) Small unmanned aircraft; unmanned aircraft system.--The
            terms ``small unmanned aircraft'' and ``unmanned aircraft
            system'' have the meanings given such terms in section 44801 of
            title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 621. DRONE EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE TRAINING GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) Authority.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a drone
    education and training grant program to make grants to educational
    institutions for workforce training for eligible small unmanned
    aircraft systems.
        (b) Use of Grant Amounts.--Amounts from a grant under this section
    shall be used in furtherance of activities authorized under sections
    631 and 632 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101
    note).
        (c) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under this
    section, an educational institution shall submit an application to the
    Secretary at such time, in such form, and containing such information
    as the Secretary may require.
        (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of amounts authorized to
    be appropriated under section 106(k) of title 49, United States Code,
    the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section--
                (1) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                (2) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                (3) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                (4) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                (5) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered foreign entity.--The term ``covered foreign
            entity'' means an entity--
                        (A) included on the Consolidated Screening List or
                    Entity List as designated by the Secretary of Commerce;
                        (B) domiciled in the People's Republic of China or
                    the Russian Federation;
                        (C) subject to influence or control by the
                    government of the People's Republic of China or by the
                    Russian Federation; or
                        (D) is a subsidiary or affiliate of an entity
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
                (2) Educational institution.--The term ``educational
            institution'' means an institution of higher education (as
            defined in section 101 of the High Education Act of 1965 (20
            U.S.C. 1001)) that participates in a program authorized under
            sections 631 and 632 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49
            U.S.C. 40101 note).
                (3) Eligible small unmanned aircraft system.--The term
            ``eligible small unmanned aircraft system'' means a small
            unmanned aircraft system manufactured or assembled by a company
            that is domiciled in the United States and is not a covered
            foreign entity.
                (4) Small unmanned aircraft; unmanned aircraft system.--The
            terms ``small unmanned aircraft'' and ``unmanned aircraft
            system'' have the meanings given such terms in section 44801 of
            title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 622. DRONE WORKFORCE TRAINING PROGRAM STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
    initiate a study of the effectiveness of the Collegiate Training
    Initiative Program for Unmanned Aircraft Systems, established pursuant
    to section 632 of the FAA Reauthorization Act 2018 (49 U.S.C. 40101
    note).
        (b) Report.--Upon completion of the study under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report
    describing--
                (1) the findings of the study; and
                (2) any recommendations to improve and expand the
            Collegiate Training Initiative Program for Unmanned Aircraft
            Systems.

    SEC. 623. UAS INTEGRATION OFFICE.

        The Executive Director of the UAS Integration Office of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall--
                (1) support, and provide substantive recommendations for,
            rulemaking proceedings, in coordination with other relevant
            services and offices and the Assistant Administrator of
            Rulemaking and Regulatory Improvement, regarding the
            integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the national
            airspace system;
                (2) support, and make substantive recommendations to
            inform, the review and adjudication of submissions under the
            processes established under section 44807 of title 49, United
            States Code, as amended by section 605;
                (3) support, and make substantive recommendations to
            inform, the development, modification, and acceptance or
            approval of relevant consensus standards, means of compliance,
            and declarations of compliance related to unmanned aircraft
            systems;
                (4) ensure the timely consideration of airworthiness and
            operational determinations related to unmanned aircraft systems
            by relevant offices of the Administration;
                (5) consult, advise, coordinate with, and make substantive
            recommendations to relevant lines of business and staff offices
            of the Administration to support the activities of the
            Administration and efficiently carry out the duties described
            in this section;
                (6) hire full-time equivalent employees, as necessary, to
            build expertise within the UAS Integration Office to assess
            unmanned aviation technologies and related operational risk
            mitigation; and
                (7) engage in any other activities determined necessary by
            the Executive Director or the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration, to fulfill the duties described in
            this section.

    SEC. 624. TERMINATION OF ADVANCED AVIATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        The Secretary of Transportation may not renew the charter of the
    Advanced Aviation Advisory Committee (chartered by the Secretary on
    June 10, 2022).

    SEC. 625. UNMANNED AND AUTONOMOUS FLIGHT ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the termination of the
    Advanced Aviation Advisory Committee pursuant to section 624, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish an
    Unmanned and Autonomous Flight Advisory Committee (in this section
    referred to as the ``Advisory Committee'').
        (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall provide the Administrator
    advice on policy- and technical-level issues related to unmanned and
    autonomous aviation operations and activities, including, at a minimum,
    the following:
                (1) The safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems and
            autonomous flight operations into the national airspace system,
            including feedback on--
                        (A) the certification and operational standards of
                    highly automated aircraft, unmanned aircraft, and
                    associated elements of such aircraft;
                        (B) coordination of procedures for operations in
                    controlled airspace; and
                        (C) communication protocols.
                (2) The use cases of unmanned aircraft systems, including
            evaluating and assessing the potential benefits of using
            unmanned aircraft systems.
                (3) The development of processes and methodologies to
            address safety concerns related to the operation of unmanned
            aircraft systems, including risk assessments and mitigation
            strategies.
                (4) Unmanned aircraft system training, education, and
            workforce development programs, including evaluating
            aeronautical knowledge gaps in the unmanned aircraft system
            workforce, assessing the workforce needs of unmanned aircraft
            system operations, and establishing a strong pipeline to ensure
            a robust unmanned aircraft system workforce.
                (5) The analysis of unmanned aircraft system data and
            trends.
                (6) Unmanned aircraft system infrastructure, including the
            use of existing aviation infrastructure and the development of
            necessary infrastructure.
        (c) Membership.--
                (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed
            of not more than 12 members.
                (2) Representatives.--The Advisory Committee shall include
            at least 1 representative of each of the following:
                        (A) Small unmanned aircraft system commercial
                    operators.
                        (B) Small unmanned aircraft system manufacturers.
                        (C) Manufacturers of unmanned aircraft weighing 55
                    pounds or more pursuing or holding a certificate for
                    design or production of such unmanned aircraft.
                        (D) Counter-unmanned aircraft system manufacturers.
                        (E) Federal Aviation Administration approved
                    unmanned aircraft system service suppliers.
                        (F) Unmanned aircraft system test sites under
                    section 44803 of title 49, United States Code.
                        (G) An unmanned aircraft system physical
                    infrastructure network provider.
                        (H) Community advocates.
                        (I) Certified labor organizations representing
                    commercial airline pilots, air traffic control
                    specialists employed by the Administration, certified
                    aircraft maintenance technicians, certified aircraft
                    dispatchers, and aviation safety inspectors.
                        (J) Operators pursuing or holding a certificate for
                    the operation of an unmanned aircraft weighing 55
                    pounds or more.
        (d) Reporting.--
                (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall submit to the
            Secretary an annual report of the activities, findings, and
            recommendations of the Committee.
                (2) Congressional reporting.--The Secretary shall submit to
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate the reports required under
            paragraph (1).
        (e) Definition of Unmanned Aircraft.--In this section, the term
    ``unmanned aircraft'' has the meaning given such term in section 44801
    of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 626. NEXTGEN ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP EXPANSION.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall take such actions as
    may be necessary to expand the membership of the NextGen Advisory
    Committee chartered by the Secretary on June 15, 2022, and any
    subsequent chartered committees, to include a representative from the
    unmanned aircraft system industry and a representative from the
    powered-lift industry.
        (b) Qualifications.--The representatives required under subsection
    (a) shall have the following qualifications, as applicable:
                (1) Demonstrated expertise in the design, manufacture, and
            operation of unmanned aircraft systems.
                (2) Demonstrated experience in the development or
            implementation of unmanned aircraft systems policies and
            procedures.
                (3) Demonstrated commitment to advancing the safe
            integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the national
            airspace system.

    SEC. 627. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION INTEGRITY.

        (a) In General.--Section 40103(b) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5)(A) In issuing a temporary flight restriction, the
    Administrator shall--
                ``(i) ensure there is a specific and articulable safety or
            security basis for the size, scope, and duration of such
            restriction;
                ``(ii) immediately distribute a notice of the temporary
            flight restriction via the Notice to Air Missions system; and
                ``(iii) detail in the notice required under clause (ii)--
                        ``(I) the safety basis for the restriction; and
                        ``(II) how a covered person may lawfully and
                    expeditiously operate an aircraft within the
                    restriction.
        ``(B) In this paragraph, the term `covered person' means--
                ``(i) a public safety agency;
                ``(ii) a first responder;
                ``(iii) an accredited news representative; or
                ``(iv) any other person as determined appropriate by the
            Administrator.''.

    SEC. 628. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.

        (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                (1) the purpose of the joint Department of Defense-Federal
            Aviation Administration executive committee (referred to in
            this subsection as ``Executive Committee'') on conflict and
            dispute resolution as described in Section 1036(b) of the
            Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
            Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417) is to resolve disputes on the
            matters of policy and procedures between the Department of
            Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration relating to
            airspace, aircraft certifications, aircrew training, and other
            issues, including the access of unmanned aerial systems of the
            Department of Defense to the national airspace system;
                (2) by mutual agreement of Executive Committee leadership,
            operating with the best of intentions, the current scope of
            activities and membership of the Executive Committee has
            exceeded the original intent of, and tasking to, the Executive
            Committee; and
                (3) the expansion described in paragraph (2) has resulted
            in an imbalance in the oversight of certain Federal entities in
            matters concerning civil aviation safety and security.
        (b) In General.--
                (1) Charter revision.--Not later than 180 days after the
            date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall seek to revise the charter of the
            Executive Committee to reflect the scope, objectives,
            membership, and activities described in such section 1036(b) in
            order to achieve the increasing, and ultimately routine, access
            of unmanned aircraft systems (as defined in section 44801 of
            title 49, United States Code) into the national airspace
            system.
                (2) Sunset.--Not earlier than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall seek to sunset
            Executive Committee activities by joint agreement of the
            Administrator and the Secretary of Defense.

    SEC. 629. REVIEW OF REGULATIONS TO ENABLE UNESCORTED UAS OPERATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, conduct a review
    of requirements necessary to permit an unmanned aircraft systems
    (excluding small unmanned aircraft systems) operated by a Federal
    agency or an armed service to be operated in the national airspace
    system, including outside of restricted airspace, without being
    escorted by a manned aircraft.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the review, including findings and
    recommendations on regulatory and statutory changes that can be made to
    enable the operations described under subsection (a).
        (c) Definitions.--The definitions under section 44801 of title 49,
    United States Code, shall apply to this section.

    SEC. 630. UAS OPERATIONS OVER HIGH SEAS.

        (a) In General.--An unmanned aircraft system operation that begins
    and ends within the United States or the territorial waters of the
    United States, shall not be considered international flight regardless
    of whether the unmanned aircraft system enters international airspace.
        (b) Definition of Unmanned Aircraft System.--In this section, the
    term ``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given such term in
    section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 631. BEYOND BEYOND.

        (a) FAA BEYOND Program Extension.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall extend the BEYOND program of the
    Administration as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of
    this Act (referred to in this section as the ``Program'') and the
    existing agreements with State, local, and Tribal governments entered
    into under the Program until such date, as specified in subsection (b).
        (b) FAA BEYOND Program Expansion.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall expand the
            Program to additional locations and test the use of new and
            emerging aviation concepts and technologies, including concepts
            and technologies unrelated to unmanned aircraft systems, to
            evaluate and inform Administration policies, rulemaking, and
            guidance related to the safe integration of such concepts and
            technologies into the national airspace system.
                (2) Scope.--In expanding the Program under this subsection,
            the Administrator shall address additional factors, including--
                        (A) increasing automation in civil aircraft,
                    including unmanned aircraft systems and new or emerging
                    aviation technologies;
                        (B) operations of such systems and technologies,
                    including beyond visual line of sight; and
                        (C) the social and economic impacts of such
                    operations.
                (3) Continuation.--The Administrator shall carry out the
            expanded Program required under this subsection until such time
            that the Administrator determines the Program is no longer
            necessary or useful.

    SEC. 632. UAS INTEGRATION STRATEGY.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall implement the recommendations made by--
                (1) the Comptroller General of the United States to the
            Secretary of Transportation contained in the report titled
            ``Drones: FAA Should Improve Its Approach to Integrating Drones
            into the National Airspace System'' issued in January 2023
            (GAO-23-105189); and
                (2) the inspector general of the Department of
            Transportation to the Administrator contained in the audit
            report titled ``FAA Made Progress Through Its UAS Integration
            Pilot Program, but FAA and Industry Challenges Remain To
            Achieve Full UAS Integration'' issued in April 2022 (Project
            ID: AV2022027).
        (b) Briefing.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall provide a briefing to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate annually on the status of the activities
    described in subsection (a).

    SEC. 633. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY
                  CAMPAIGN.

        There is authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator
    $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, out of funds
    made available under section 106(k) of title 49, United States Code,
    for the Know Before You Fly educational campaign or similar public
    informational efforts intended to broaden unmanned aircraft systems
    safety awareness.

    SEC. 634. PUBLIC AIRCRAFT DEFINITION.

        Section 40125(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking the first instance of ``or''; and
                (2) by inserting ``(including data collection on civil
            aviation systems undergoing research, development, test, or
            evaluation at a test range (as such term is defined in section
            44801)), infrastructure inspections, or any other activity
            undertaken by a governmental entity that the Administrator
            determines is inherently governmental'' after ``biological or
            geological resource management''.

    SEC. 635. PROTECTION OF PUBLIC GATHERINGS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a process to allow applicants to request
    temporary prohibitions of unmanned aircraft operations in close
    proximity to an eligible large public gathering for a specified period
    of time.
        (b) Application Procedures.--
                (1) In general.--In making a determination whether to grant
            or deny an application for a designation, the Administrator
            shall consider--
                        (A) aviation safety;
                        (B) protection of persons and property on the
                    ground;
                        (C) national security; or
                        (D) homeland security.
                (2) Requirements.--The application procedures under this
            section shall allow eligible petitions to apply for a
            prohibition individually or collectively.
                (3) Eligible large gatherings.--Large public gatherings
            eligible for application under this section shall--
                        (A) have an estimated attendance of greater than
                    20,000 people;
                        (B) be primarily outdoors;
                        (C) have defined and static geographical
                    boundaries; and
                        (D) be advertised in the public domain.
                (4) Eligible petitioners.--Applicants eligible to submit
            petitions for consideration in subsection (a) shall be a
            credentialed law enforcement organization or public safety
            organization otherwise recognized by a Federal, State, local,
            Tribal, or territorial governmental entity.
        (c) Review Process.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator shall provide for a
            timely determination on an application submitted under
            subsection (a) to allow for the public to be notified of a
            prohibition in advance of the public gathering.
                (2) Additional requirement.--The Administrator shall make
            every practicable effort to make a determination on an
            application submitted under subsection (a) not later than 7
            days before the expected start date of the large public
            gathering.
        (d) Public Information.--Temporary prohibition designated under
    subsection (a) shall be published by the Federal Aviation
    Administration in a publicly accessible manner, in English and other
    non-English languages, at least 2 days before the large public
    gathering.
        (e) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed as
    prohibiting the Administrator from authorizing operation of an
    aircraft, including an unmanned aircraft system, over, under, or within
    a specified distance from that large public gathering designated under
    subsection (b).
        (f) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``unmanned aircraft''
    and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the meanings given such terms in
    section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.

                       Subtitle B--Advanced Air Mobility

    SEC. 651. DEFINITION.

        In this subtitle, the term ``powered-lift aircraft'' has the
    meaning given the term ``powered-lift'' in section 1.1 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 652. POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT RULEMAKINGS.

        (a) Final Rulemaking.--Not later than 13 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall publish a final rule for a special Federal
    aviation regulation establishing procedures for certifying powered-lift
    pilots and providing operational rules for powered-lift aircraft.
        (b) Future Rulemaking.--Not later than 5 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking
    activity providing for a permanent pathway for the--
                (1) performance-based certification of powered-lift
            aircraft;
                (2) certification of powered-lift airmen; and
                (3) operation of powered-lift aircraft in commercial
            service and air transportation.
        (c) Rulemaking Considerations.--
                (1) Contents of rulemakings.--In the development of the
            rulemakings required under subsections (a) and (b), the
            Administrator shall--
                        (A) provide for any aircraft type certificated by
                    the Administrator--
                                (i) a practical pathway for pilot
                            qualification and operations; and
                                (ii) performance-based requirements for
                            energy reserves and other range- and endurance-
                            related requirements that reflect the
                            capabilities and intended operations of the
                            aircraft;
                        (B) provide for a combination of pilot training
                    requirements, including simulators, to ensure the safe
                    operation of powered-lift aircraft;
                        (C) grant an individual with an existing commercial
                    airplane (single- or multi-engine) or helicopter pilot
                    certificate the authority to serve as pilot-in-command
                    of a powered-lift aircraft in commercial operation
                    following the completion of a Federal Aviation
                    Administration-approved pilot type rating for such type
                    of aircraft;
                        (D) to the maximum extent practicable, align
                    powered-lift pilot qualifications with section 2.1.1.4
                    of the International Civil Aviation Organization's
                    Annex 1;
                        (E) consider the adoption of the recommendations
                    contained in document 10103 of the International Civil
                    Aviation Organization for powered-lift operations, as
                    appropriate; and
                        (F) consult with the Secretary of Defense with
                    regard to--
                                (i) the U.S. Air Force Agility Prime
                            Program and powered-lift aircraft evaluated and
                            deployed for military purposes, including the
                            F35B program;
                                (ii) the commonalities and differences
                            between powered-lift aircraft types and the
                            handling qualities of such aircraft; and
                                (iii) the pathways for pilots to gain
                            proficiency and earn the necessary ratings
                            required to act as a pilot in command of
                            powered-lift aircraft.
                (2) Considerations for future rulemakings.--In the
            development of the rulemakings required under subsection (b),
            the Administrator shall--
                        (A) consider and plan for unmanned and remotely
                    piloted powered-lift aircraft systems, and the
                    associated elements of such aircraft, through the
                    promulgation of performance-based regulations;
                        (B) consider and plan for alternative fuel types
                    and propulsion methods, including reviewing the
                    performance-based nature of parts 33 and 35 of title
                    14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                        (C) work to harmonize the certification and
                    operational requirements of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration with the certification and operational
                    requirements of civil aviation authorities with
                    bilateral safety agreements in place with the United
                    States, to the extent harmonization does not negatively
                    impact domestic manufacturers and operators; and
                        (D) inform such rulemakings based on operations and
                    efforts that occur as a result of the special Federal
                    aviation regulation pursuant to subsection (b).
        (d) Interim Application of Rules and Privileges in Lieu of
    Rulemaking.--Beginning 21 months after the date of enactment of this
    Act, if a final rule has not been published pursuant to subsection
    (a)--
                (1) rules in effect on such date that apply to the
            operation and the operator of rotorcraft or fixed-wing aircraft
            under subchapters F, G, H, and I of chapter 1 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations, shall be--
                        (A) deemed to apply to--
                                (i) the operation of a powered-lift
                            aircraft in the national airspace system; and
                                (ii) the operator of such a powered-lift
                            aircraft; and
                        (B) applicable as determined by the operator of an
                    airworthy powered-lift aircraft in consultation with
                    the Administrator and consistent with sections 91.3 and
                    91.13 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) upon the completion of a type rating for a specific
            powered-lift aircraft, airmen that hold a pilot or instructor
            certification with airplane category ratings in any class or
            rotorcraft category ratings in the helicopter class shall be
            deemed to have privileges of a powered-lift rating for that
            aircraft.
        (e) Termination of Interim Rules and Privileges.--Subsection (d)
    shall cease to have effect 1 month after the effective date of a final
    rule issued pursuant to subsection (a).

    SEC. 653. POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT ENTRY INTO SERVICE.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall, in consultation with exclusive bargaining
    representatives of air traffic controllers certified under section 7111
    of title 5, United States Code, take such actions as may be necessary
    to safely integrate powered-lift aircraft into the national airspace
    system, including in controlled airspace, and learn from any efforts to
    adopt and update related policy and guidance.
        (b) Air Traffic Policies for Entry Into Service.--Not later than 24
    months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
    update air traffic orders and policies, to the extent necessary, and
    address air traffic control system challenges in order to allow for--
                (1) the use of existing air traffic procedures, where safe,
            by powered-lift aircraft; and
                (2) the approval of letters of agreement between air
            traffic control system facilities and powered-lift operators
            and infrastructure operators to minimize the amount of active
            coordination required for safe recurring powered-lift aircraft
            operations, as appropriate.
        (c) Long-term Air Traffic Policies.--Based on the implementation of
    subsection (b), the Administrator shall--
                (1) continue to update air traffic orders and policies;
                (2) to the extent necessary, develop powered-lift specific
            procedures for airports, heliports, and vertiports;
                (3) evaluate the human factors impacts on controllers
            associated with managing powered-lift aircraft operations,
            consider the impact of additional operations on air traffic
            controller staffing, and make necessary changes to staffing,
            procedures, regulations, and orders; and
                (4) consider the use of third-party service providers to
            manage increased operations in controlled airspace to support
            and supplement the work of air traffic controllers.

    SEC. 654. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PREPARATION FOR ENTRY INTO SERVICE OF
                  POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT.

        It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration should work with manufacturers, prospective
    operators of powered-lift aircraft, and other stakeholders, to enable
    the safe entry of such aircraft into commercial service following the
    publication of the final special Federal Aviation Administration
    rulemaking titled ``Integration of Powered-Lift: Pilot Certification
    and Operations; Miscellaneous Amendments Related to Rotorcraft and
    Airplanes'', including by reviewing and providing feedback to such
    manufacturers and operators on draft pilot training, operations, and
    maintenance manuals after the publication of the draft special Federal
    Aviation Administration rulemaking and prior to the publication of a
    final rule, as appropriate.

    SEC. 655. INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORTING VERTICAL FLIGHT.

        (a) Updates to Regulations for Consistency.--The Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall update part 1 and part 157 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and other regulations as
    necessary to implement the amendments made by section 401.
        (b) Update to Heliport Design Standards.--The Administrator shall
    update the Advisory Circular 150/5390-2, titled ``Heliport Design''
    to--
                (1) increase the inclusion of performance-based guidance,
            including around aircraft fuel type and propulsion method;
                (2) update guidance to consider risk mitigations and
            hazards associated with different aircraft fuel types and
            propulsion methods;
                (3) affirm the general permissibility of vertical takeoff
            and landing capable aircraft to use a heliport when such
            heliport can safely accommodate the physical and operating
            characteristics of such aircraft; and
                (4) include vertiport as a subclass of heliport.
        (c) Engineering Brief on Vertiport Design.--The Administrator may
    update the version of Engineering Brief 105, titled ``Vertiport
    Design'' in effect on the date of enactment of this Act, prior to
    issuing an update to Advisory Circular 150/5390-2, as required under
    subsection (b).
        (d) Engineering Brief Sunset.--The Administrator shall revoke
    Engineering Brief 105, titled ``Vertiport Design'', on the earlier of--
                (1) the date on which Advisory Circular 150/5390-2 is
            updated under subsection (b); or
                (2) 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.
        (e) Guidance, Forms, and Planning.--The Administrator shall--
                (1) ensure airport district offices of the Administration
            have sufficient guidance and policy direction regarding the
            Administration's heliport and vertiport design guidance not
            later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act
            and update such guidance routinely;
                (2) determine if updates to Administration Form 7460 and
            Form 7480 are necessary and take such actions, as appropriate;
            and
                (3) ensure that the methodology and underlying data sources
            of the Administration's Terminal Area Forecast include
            commercial operations conducted by aircraft regardless of
            propulsion type or fuel type.

    SEC. 656. CHARTING OF AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall increase efforts to update and keep current the
    Airport Master Record of the Administration, including by establishing
    a streamlined process by which the owners and operators of public and
    private aviation facilities with nontemporary, nonintermittent
    operations are encouraged to keep the information on such facilities
    current.
        (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the plans of the Administrator to update and keep current the Airport
    Master Record for private and public airports, heliports, and
    vertiports.

    SEC. 657. ADVANCED AIR MOBILITY WORKING GROUP.

        Section 2 of the Advanced Air Mobility Coordination and Leadership
    Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b) by striking ``, particularly
            passenger-carrying aircraft,'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1) by striking subparagraph (D) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(D) operators of airports, heliports, and
                    vertiports, and fixed-base operators;'';
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``1 year'' and inserting ``18 months'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``or that may
                    impede maturation'' after ``AAM industry'';
                        (C) in paragraph (7) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (D) in paragraph (8) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (E) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) processes and programs that can be leveraged to
            improve the efficiency of Federal reviews required for
            infrastructure development, including for electrical capacity
            projects.'';
                (4) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``working group'' and inserting ``Secretary of
                    Transportation'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph
                    (3); and
                        (D) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) summarizing any dissenting views and opinions of a
            participant of the working group described in subsection
            (c)(3); and'';
                (5) in subsection (i)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``that transports
                    people and property by air between two points in the
                    United States using aircraft with advanced
                    technologies, including electric aircraft or electric
                    vertical take-off and landing aircraft,'' and inserting
                    ``comprised of urban air mobility and regional air
                    mobility using manned or unmanned aircraft'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph
                    (7);
                        (C) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph
                    (9);
                        (D) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Powered-lift aircraft.--The term `powered-lift
            aircraft' has the meaning given the term `powered-lift' in
            section 1.1 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(6) Regional air mobility.--The term `regional air
            mobility' means the movement of people or property by air
            between 2 points using an airworthy aircraft that--
                        ``(A) has advanced technologies, such as
                    distributed propulsion, vertical take-off and landing,
                    powered-lift, non-traditional power systems, or
                    autonomous technologies;
                        ``(B) has a maximum takeoff weight of greater than
                    1,320 pounds; and
                        ``(C) is not urban air mobility.'';
                        (E) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(8) Urban air mobility.--The term `urban air mobility'
            means the movement of people or property by air between 2
            intracity or intercity points using an airworthy aircraft
            that--
                        ``(A) advanced technologies, such as distributed
                    propulsion, vertical take-off and landing, powered-
                    lift, nontraditional power systems, or autonomous
                    technologies; and
                        ``(B) a maximum takeoff weight of greater than
                    1,320 pounds.''; and
                        (F) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(10) Vertiport.--The term `vertiport' has the meaning
            given such term in section 47102 of title 49, United States
            Code.'';
                (6) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (j); and
                (7) by inserting after subsection (h) the following:
        ``(i) Considerations for Termination of Working Group.--In deciding
    whether to terminate the working group under subsection (h), the
    Secretary and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall consider other interagency coordination activities associated
    with AAM, or other new or novel users of the national airspace system,
    that could benefit from continued wider interagency coordination.''.

    SEC. 658. ADVANCED AIR MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE PILOT PROGRAM EXTENSION.

        Section 101 of division Q of the Consolidated Appropriations Act,
    2023 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ``, as
                            well as the use of existing airport and
                            heliport infrastructure that may require
                            modifications to safely accommodate AAM
                            operations,'' after ``vertiport
                            infrastructure''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in clause (iii) by striking
                                    ``vertiport'' and inserting ``locations
                                    for'';
                                        (II) in clause (iv) by inserting
                                    ``and guidance'' after ``any
                                    standards'';
                                        (III) in clause (v) by striking
                                    ``vertiport infrastructure'' and
                                    inserting ``urban air mobility and
                                    regional air mobility operations''; and
                                        (IV) in clause (x) by inserting
                                    ``or the modification of existing
                                    aviation infrastructure'' after
                                    ``operation of a vertiport'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(B) by inserting ``the
                    Department of Defense, the National Guard,'' before
                    ``or''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (6)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (ii) by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) a description of--
                                        ``(I) initial community engagement
                                    efforts and responses from the public
                                    on the planning and development efforts
                                    of eligible entities related to urban
                                    air mobility and regional air mobility
                                    operations;
                                        ``(II) how eligible entities are
                                    planning for and encouraging early
                                    adoption of urban air mobility and
                                    regional air mobility operations;
                                        ``(III) what role each level of
                                    government plays in the process; and
                                        ``(IV) whether such entities
                                    recommend specific regulatory or
                                    guidance actions be taken by the
                                    Secretary of Transportation or other
                                    Federal agencies in order to support
                                    such early adoption.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``years 2023 and 2024'' and
                    inserting ``years 2023 through 2026''; and
                        (B) by inserting before the period ``out of funds
                    made available under section 106(k) of title 49, United
                    States Code'';
                (3) in subsection (d) by striking ``2024'' and inserting
            ``2026'' each place it appears; and
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) Advanced air mobility; aam; regional air mobility;
            urban air mobility; vertiport.--The terms `advanced air
            mobility', `AAM', `regional air mobility', `urban air
            mobility', and `vertiport' have the meaning given such terms in
            section 2(j) of the Advanced Air Mobility Coordination and
            Leadership Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraphs (9) and (10).

                          Subtitle C--Other Provisions

    SEC. 681. REPORT ON NATIONAL SPACEPORTS POLICY.

        Section 580(c)(3) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-254) is amended by striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 682. INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PILOT
                  PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary may establish a pilot program to
    issue grants to operators of launch and reentry sites for projects to
    construct, repair, maintain, or improve transportation infrastructure
    and facilities at such sites.
        (b) Pilot Program Qualifications.--The Secretary may enter into
    agreements under this section to issue a grant to an operator only if
    the operator--
                (1) has submitted an application to the Secretary in such
            form, at such time, and containing such information as
            prescribed by the Secretary;
                (2) demonstrates to the Secretary's satisfaction that the
            project for which the application has been submitted is for an
            eligible purpose under subsection (c); and
                (3) agrees to maintain such records relating to the grant
            as the Secretary may require and to make such records available
            to the Secretary or the Comptroller General of the United
            States upon request.
        (c) Permitted Use of Pilot Program Grants.--An operator may use a
    grant provided under this subsection for a project to construct,
    repair, maintain, or improve infrastructure and facilities that--
                (1) are located at, or adjacent to, a launch or reentry
            site; and
                (2) directly enable or support transportation safety or
            covered transportation activities.
        (d) Pilot Program Grants.--
                (1) Grant formula.--Subject to the availability of
            appropriations, at the beginning of each fiscal year after
            fiscal year 2024, the Secretary shall issue a grant to an
            operator that qualifies for the pilot program under subsection
            (b) an amount equal to the sum of--
                        (A) $250,000 for each licensed launch or reentry
                    operation conducted from the applicable launch or
                    reentry site or at any adjacent Federal launch range in
                    the previous fiscal year; and
                        (B) $100,000 for each launch or reentry operation
                    conducted under a permit from the applicable launch or
                    reentry site or at any adjacent Federal launch range in
                    the previous fiscal year.
                (2) Maximum grant.--Except as provided in subsection
            (e)(5), a grant issued to an operator under this subsection
            shall not exceed $2,500,000 for a fiscal year.
                (3) Adjacency.--
                        (A) In general.--In issuing a grant to an operator
                    under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall determine
                    whether a launch or reentry site is adjacent to a
                    Federal launch range.
                        (B) Limitation.--Only 1 operator may receive an
                    amount under paragraph (1) for each licensed or
                    permitted launch or reentry operation described in such
                    subparagraph.
                        (C) Multiple launch or reentry sites operated by 1
                    operator.--If an operator holds a license to operate
                    more than 1 launch site or more than 1 reentry site
                    that are adjacent to a Federal launch range, the
                    Secretary shall consider such launch or reentry sites
                    as 1 launch or reentry site for purposes of
                    subparagraph (A).
        (e) Supplemental Grants in Support of State, Local, or Private
    Matching.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary may issue a supplemental
            grant to an operator, subject to the requirements of this
            paragraph.
                (2) Dollar-for-dollar matching.--If a qualified entity
            provides an operator an amount equal to or greater than the
            amount of a grant provided in a fiscal year under subsection
            (d) (for the explicit purpose of matching such grant), the
            Secretary may issue a supplemental grant to the operator that
            is equal to 25 percent of such grant in the following fiscal
            year.
                (3) Additional non-federal matching.--If a qualified entity
            provides an operator an amount equal to or greater than two
            times the amount of a grant provided in a fiscal year to the
            operator under subsection (d) (for the explicit purpose of
            matching such grant), the Secretary may issue a supplemental
            grant to the operator that is equal to 50 percent of such grant
            in the following fiscal year.
                (4) Supplemental grant limitations.--
                        (A) Match timing.--The Secretary may issue a
                    supplemental grant under paragraph (2) or (3) only if
                    an amount provided by a qualified entity is provided to
                    the operator in the same fiscal year as the grant
                    issued under subsection (d).
                        (B) Non-duplication of matching grants.--If the
                    Secretary issues a supplemental grant to the operator
                    of a launch site under paragraph (3), the Secretary may
                    not issue a supplemental grant under paragraph (2) to
                    the same operator in the same fiscal year.
                (5) Non-application of grant ceiling.--The limitation on a
            grant amount under subsection (d)(2) shall not apply to
            supplemental grants issued under this subsection.
        (f) Funding.--
                (1) Pilot program grant funds.--The grants issued under
            this section shall be issued from funds made available out of
            amounts available under section 106(k) of title 49, United
            States Code.
                (2) Maximum annual limit on pilot program.--
                        (A) In general.--The total amount of all grants
                    issued under this section shall not exceed $20,000,000
                    in any fiscal year.
                        (B) Grant reduction.--In complying with
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary--
                                (i) may proportionally reduce the amount
                            of, or decline to issue, a supplemental grant
                            under subsection (e); and
                                (ii) if the reduction under clause (i) is
                            insufficient, shall proportionally reduce
                            grants issued under subsection (d).
        (g) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered transportation activity.--The term ``covered
            transportation activity'' means the movement of people or
            property to, from, or within a launch site and the necessary or
            incidental activities associated with such movement through the
            use of--
                        (A) a vehicle (as defined in section 4 of title 1,
                    United States Code);
                        (B) a vessel (as defined in section 3 of title 1,
                    United States Code);
                        (C) a railroad (as defined in section 20102 of
                    title 49, United States Code);
                        (D) an aircraft (as defined in section 40102 of
                    title 49, United States Code); or
                        (E) a pipeline facility (as defined in section
                    60101 of title 49, United States Code).
                (2) Launch; launch site; launch vehicle; reentry site;
            reentry vehicle.--The terms ``launch'', ``launch site'',
            ``launch vehicle'', ``reentry site'', and ``reentry vehicle''
            have the meanings given those terms in section 50902 of title
            51, United States Code.
                (3) Operator.--The term ``operator'' means a person
            licensed by the Secretary to operate a launch or reentry site.
                (4) Qualified entity.--The term ``qualified entity'' means
            a State, local, territorial, or Tribal government or private
            sector entity, or any combination thereof.
        (h) Pilot Program Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective
    on October 1, 2028.

    SEC. 683. AIRSPACE ACCESS FOR HIGH-SPEED AIRCRAFT.

        (a) High-speed Aircraft Testing.--Not later than 2 years after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration, in coordination with any other Federal agency
    the Administrator determines appropriate, shall ensure that there is a
    process in which manufacturers and operators of high-speed aircraft can
    engage in flight testing of such high-speed aircraft, which may include
    the establishment of high speed testing corridors in the national
    airspace system.
        (b) Study on High-speed Aircraft Operations.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration shall, after consultation with aircraft
            manufacturers, institutions of higher learning, the
            Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
            Administration, the Secretary of Defense, and any other
            agencies the Administrator determines appropriate, conduct a
            study to assess actions necessary to facilitate the safe
            operation and integration of high-speed aircraft into the
            national airspace system.
                (2) Contents.--In carrying out the study under paragraph
            (1), the Administrator shall--
                        (A) assess various altitudes and operating
                    conditions of high-speed aircraft in Class E airspace
                    above the upper boundary of Class A airspace and the
                    resulting aircraft noise levels at the surface;
                        (B) include the development of a framework and
                    timeline to establish the appropriate regulatory
                    requirements to conducting high-speed aircraft flights;
                        (C) identify the data required to develop
                    certification, flight standards, and air traffic
                    requirements for the deployment and integration of
                    high-speed aircraft;
                        (D) assess cross-agency equities related to high-
                    speed aircraft technologies and flight; and
                        (E) survey global high-speed aircraft-related
                    regulatory and testing developments or activities.
                (3) Recommendations.--As part of the study under paragraph
            (1), the Administrator shall issue recommendations to update,
            if feasible, regulations for certification, flight standards
            and air traffic management.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a),
    including the recommendations under subsection (b)(3), to facilitate
    the safe operation and integration of high-speed aircraft in the
    national airspace system.
        (d) Study and Rulemaking on High Altitude Class E Airspace Flight
    Operations.--
                (1) Consultation.--Not later than 12 months after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation
            with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
            Administration and relevant stakeholders, including industry
            and academia, shall identify the minimum altitude above the
            upper boundary of Class A airspace at or above which flights
            operating with speeds above Mach 1 generate sonic booms that
            are inaudible at the surface under prevailing atmospheric
            conditions.
                (2) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date on
            which the Administrator identifies the minimum altitude
            described in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall publish in
            the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend
            sections 91.817 and 91.818 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, and such other regulations as appropriate, to
            permit flight operations with speeds above Mach 1 at or above
            the minimum altitude identified under paragraph (1) without
            specific authorizations, provided that such flight operations--
                        (A) show compliance with airworthiness
                    requirements;
                        (B) do not cause a measurable sonic boom over
                    pressure to reach the surface; and
                        (C) have ordinary instrument flight rules
                    clearances necessary to operate in controlled airspace.
        (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``high-speed aircraft''
    means an aircraft operating at speeds in excess of Mach 1, which shall
    include supersonic and hypersonic aircraft.

    SEC. 684. ICAO ACTIVITIES ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall prioritize engagement with the International Civil
    Aviation Organization and contribute to or lead the development of
    international standards and recommended practices to improve aviation
    safety and support the entry-into-service of new forms of aviation.
        (b) Particular Activities.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall contribute to or lead International Civil Aviation
    Organization efforts with respect to the development of landing and
    take-off noise standards for supersonic aircraft.

    SEC. 685. AIP ELIGIBILITY FOR CERTAIN SPACEPORT INFRASTRUCTURE.

        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary of Transportation may make a grant under subchapter I of
    chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, to an airport sponsor to
    reconstruct, repave, or rehabilitate the full length and width of a
    runway, including connecting taxiways, if the runway is existing on the
    date of enactment of this Act if--
                (1) the runway is at an airport that is also a launch site
            or reentry site operated by a person certified under section
            50905 of title 51, United States Code;
                (2) the runway is greater than 12,000 feet long and not
            less than 200 feet wide; and
                (3) the airport sponsor certifies to the Secretary that the
            full length and width of the runways and taxiways are required
            to support activities at the launch site.
        (b) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on September
    30, 2028.

    SEC. 686. COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH AND REENTRY STATISTICS.

        Section 329(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``aeronautical'' and
            inserting ``aerospace'';
                (2) in paragraph (3) by striking ``civil aeronautics'' and
            inserting ``civil aerospace'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs
            (3) and (4), respectively; and
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) collect and disseminate information on commercial
            space launch and reentry operations (other than that collected
            and disseminated by the National Transportation Safety Board
            under chapter 11) including, at a minimum, information on the
            number of launches or reentries licensed by the Secretary, the
            number of space flight participants, the number of payloads,
            and the mass of payloads, organized by class of orbit;''.

    SEC. 687. REPORT ON CERTAIN INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS.

        Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Science, Space,
    and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the
    infrastructure needs at Federal Aviation Administration-licensed
    horizontal and vertical launch sites located in rural communities.

    SEC. 688. AIRSPACE INTEGRATION FOR SPACE LAUNCH AND REENTRY.

        (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the Sense of Congress that--
                (1) a safe and efficient national airspace system that
            successfully supports existing users and integrates new
            entrants is of the utmost importance;
                (2) both commercial aviation and space launch and reentry
            operations are vital to United States global leadership,
            national security, and economic opportunity;
                (3) aircraft hazard areas are necessary during space launch
            and reentry operations to ensure public safety; and
                (4) the Administrator of Federal Aviation Administration
            should prioritize the development and deployment of
            technologies to improve visibility of space launch and reentry
            operations within Administration computer systems and minimize
            operational workload to air traffic controllers associated with
            routing traffic during spaceflight launch and reentry
            operations.
        (b) Space Launch and Reentry Airspace Integration Technology.--
    There is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of the
    fiscal years 2024 through 2028, or until such time as the Administrator
    determines that the project has reached an operational status, for the
    Administrator to expedite the development, acquisition, and deployment
    of technologies or capabilities to aid in space launch and reentry
    integration, which may include technologies recommended by the Airspace
    Access Priorities Aviation Rulemaking Committee in 2019, systems to
    enable the integration of launch and reentry data directly onto air
    traffic controller displays, and automated systems to enable near real-
    time planning and dynamic rerouting of commercial aircraft during and
    following commercial space launch and reentry operations, with the
    objective of operational readiness not later than December 31, 2026.

                  TITLE VII--PASSENGER EXPERIENCE IMPROVEMENTS

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    SEC. 701. ADVERTISEMENTS AND SOLICITATIONS FOR PASSENGER AIR
                  TRANSPORTATION.

        (a) Full Fare Advertising.--Section 41712 of title 49, United
    States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(e) Full Fare Advertising.--
                ``(1) In general.--It shall not be an unfair or deceptive
            practice under subsection (a) for a covered entity to state in
            an advertisement or solicitation for passenger air
            transportation the base airfare for such air transportation if
            the covered entity clearly and separately discloses--
                        ``(A) the government-imposed taxes and fees
                    associated with the air transportation; and
                        ``(B) the total cost of the air transportation.
                ``(2) Form of disclosure.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1),
                    the information described in paragraphs (1)(A) and
                    (1)(B) shall be disclosed in the advertisement or
                    solicitation in a manner that clearly presents the
                    information to the consumer.
                        ``(B) Internet advertisements and solicitations.--
                    For purposes of paragraph (1), with respect to an
                    advertisement or solicitation for passenger air
                    transportation that appears on a website, the
                    information described in paragraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B)
                    may be disclosed through a link or pop-up, as such
                    terms may be defined by the Secretary, in a manner that
                    is easily accessible and viewable by the consumer.
                ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Base airfare.--The term `base airfare' means
                    the cost of passenger air transportation, excluding
                    government-imposed taxes and fees.
                        ``(B) Covered entity.--The term `covered entity'
                    means an air carrier, including an indirect air
                    carrier, foreign carrier, ticket agent, or other person
                    offering to sell tickets for passenger air
                    transportation or a tour, or tour component, that must
                    be purchased with air transportation.''.
        (b) Limitation on Statutory Construction.--Nothing in the amendment
    made by subsection (b) may be construed to affect any obligation of a
    person that sells passenger air transportation to disclose the total
    cost of such air transportation, including government-imposed taxes and
    fees, prior to purchase of such air transportation.
        (c) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue final
    regulations to carry out the amendment made by subsection (a).
        (d) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed to limit or otherwise affect the authority of the Secretary
    to regulate the disclosure of air carrier-imposed fees, or alter the
    requirements under part 399 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
    as such part relates to air carrier-imposed fees.
        (e) Effective Date.--This section, and the amendment made by this
    section, shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 702. MODERNIZATION OF CONSUMER COMPLAINT SUBMISSIONS.

        Section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read
    as follows:
    ``Sec. 42302. Consumer complaints
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall--
                ``(1) maintain an accessible website through the Office of
            Aviation Consumer Protection to accept the submission of
            complaints from airline passengers regarding air travel service
            problems; and
                ``(2) take appropriate actions to notify the public of such
            accessible website.
        ``(b) Notice to Passengers on the Internet.--An air carrier or
    foreign air carrier providing scheduled air transportation using any
    aircraft that as originally designed has a passenger capacity of 30 or
    more passenger seats shall include on the accessible website of the
    carrier--
                ``(1) the accessible website, e-mail address, or telephone
            number of the air carrier for the submission of complaints by
            passengers about air travel service problems; and
                ``(2) the accessible website maintained pursuant to
            subsection (a).
        ``(c) Use of Additional or Alternative Technologies.--The Secretary
    shall periodically evaluate the benefits of using mobile phone
    applications or other widely used technologies to--
                ``(1) provide additional or alternative means for air
            passengers to submit complaints; and
                ``(2) provide such additional or alternative means as the
            Secretary determines appropriate.
        ``(d) Air Ambulance Providers.--Each air ambulance provider shall
    include the accessible website, or a link to such accessible website,
    maintained pursuant to subsection (a) and the contact information for
    the Aviation Consumer Advocate established by section 424 of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 42302 note) on--
                ``(1) any invoice, bill, or other communication provided to
            a passenger or customer of such provider; and
                ``(2) the accessible website and any related mobile device
            application of such provider.''.

    SEC. 703. CODIFICATION OF CONSUMER PROTECTION PROVISIONS.

        (a) Passenger Rights.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 41727. Passenger rights
        ``(a) Guidelines.--The Secretary of Transportation shall require
    each air carrier and foreign air carrier to submit a summarized 1-page
    document that describes the rights of passengers in air transportation,
    including guidelines for the following:
                ``(1) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds,
            meals, and lodging) for flight delays of various lengths.
                ``(2) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds,
            meals, and lodging) for flight diversions.
                ``(3) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds,
            meals, and lodging) for flight cancellations.
                ``(4) Compensation for mishandled baggage, wheelchairs,
            mobility aids and other assistive devices, including delayed,
            damaged, pilfered, or lost baggage, wheelchairs, mobility aids
            and other assistive devices.
                ``(5) Voluntary relinquishment of a ticketed seat due to
            overbooking or priority of other passengers.
                ``(6) Involuntary denial of boarding and forced removal for
            whatever reason, including for safety and security reasons.
        ``(b) Filing of Summarized Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days
    after each air carrier and foreign air carrier submits the 1-page
    document to the Secretary under subsection (a), each such air carrier
    and foreign air carrier shall make available such 1-page document in a
    prominent location on its website.''.
        (b) Airline Passengers With Disabilities Bill of Rights.--
    Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United States Code, is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 41728. Airline passengers with disabilities bill of rights
        ``(a) Airline Passengers With Disabilities Bill of Rights.--The
    Secretary of Transportation shall develop a document, to be known as
    the `Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights', using plain
    language to describe the basic protections and responsibilities of air
    carriers and foreign air carriers, their employees and contractors, and
    people with disabilities under section 41705.
        ``(b) Content.--In developing the Airline Passengers with
    Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
    include, at a minimum, plain language descriptions of protections and
    responsibilities provided in law related to the following:
                ``(1) The right of passengers with disabilities to be
            treated with dignity and respect.
                ``(2) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive
            timely assistance, if requested, from properly trained air
            carrier, foreign air carrier, and contractor personnel.
                ``(3) The right of passengers with disabilities to travel
            with wheelchairs, mobility aids, and other assistive devices,
            including necessary medications and medical supplies, including
            stowage of such wheelchairs, aids, and devices.
                ``(4) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive
            seating accommodations, if requested, to accommodate a
            disability
                ``(5) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive
            announcements in an accessible format.
                ``(6) The right of passengers with disabilities to speak
            with a complaint resolution officer or to file a complaint with
            an air carrier, a foreign air carrier, or the Department of
            Transportation.
        ``(c) Rule of Construction.--The development of the Airline
    Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsections (a) and
    (b) shall not be construed as expanding or restricting the rights
    available to passengers with disabilities on the day before the date of
    the enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-
    254) pursuant to any statute or regulation.
        ``(d) Consultations.--In developing the Airline Passengers with
    Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
    consult with stakeholders, including disability organizations and air
    carriers, foreign air carriers, and their contractors.
        ``(e) Display.--Each air carrier and foreign air carrier shall
    include the Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights--
                ``(1) on a publicly available internet website of the
            carrier; and
                ``(2) in any pre-flight notifications or communications
            provided to passengers who alert the carrier in advance of the
            need for accommodations relating to a disability.
        ``(f) Training.--
                ``(1) In general.--Air carriers, foreign air carriers, and
            contractors of such carriers shall submit to the Secretary
            plans that ensure that employees of such carriers and their
            contractors receive training on the protections and
            responsibilities described in the Airline Passengers with
            Disabilities Bill of Rights.
                ``(2) Review.--The Secretary shall review such plans to
            ensure the plans address the matters described in subsection
            (b).''.
        (c) Conforming Amendments.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating
    to section 41726 the following:

    ``41727. Passenger rights.
    ``41728. Airline passengers with disabilities bill of rights.''.
        (d) Conforming Repeals.--Sections 429 and 434 of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 42301 note; 41705 note) and the
    item relating to such sections in the table of contents in section 1(b)
    of such Act are repealed.

    SEC. 704. EXTENSION OF AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        Section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49
    U.S.C. 42301 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
                    paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) ticket agents and travel management companies;''; and
                (2) in subsection (h) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2028''; and

    SEC. 705. REMOVAL OF OUTDATED REFERENCES TO PASSENGERS WITH
                  DISABILITIES.

        (a) Sovereignty and Use of Airspace.--Section 40103(a)(2) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``handicapped
    individuals'' and inserting ``individuals with disabilities''.
        (b) Special Prices for Foreign Air Transportation.--Section
    41511(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``handicap'' and inserting ``disability''.
        (c) Discrimination Against Individuals With Disabilities.--Section
    41705 of title 49, United States Code, is amended in the heading by
    striking ``handicapped individuals'' and inserting ``individuals with
    disabilities''.
        (d) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    41705 and inserting the following:

    ``41705. Discrimination against individuals with disabilities.''.

    SEC. 706. EXTENSION OF AVIATION CONSUMER ADVOCATE REPORTING
                  REQUIREMENT.

        Section 424(e) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C.
    42302 note) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 707. AIR CARRIER ACCESS ACT ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Section 439 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
    (49 U.S.C. 41705 note) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking ``advisory committee
            on the air travel needs of passengers with disabilities'' and
            inserting ``air carrier access act advisory committee'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(1) by striking subparagraph (G) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(G) Manufacturers of wheelchairs, including
                    powered wheelchairs, and other mobility aids.''; and
                (3) in subsection (g) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2028''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1(b) of the FAA Reauthorization
    Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-254) is amended by striking the item
    relating to section 439 and inserting the following:

    ``Sec. 439. Air Carrier Access Act advisory committee.''.

    SEC. 708. PASSENGER EXPERIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish an
    advisory committee to advise the Secretary and the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration in carrying out activities relating to
    the improvement of the passenger experience in air transportation
    customer service.
        (b) Membership.--The Secretary shall appoint the members of the
    advisory committee, which shall be comprised of at least 1
    representative of each of--
                (1) mainline air carriers;
                (2) air carriers with a low-cost or ultra-low-cost business
            model;
                (3) regional air carriers;
                (4) large hub airport sponsors and operators;
                (5) medium hub airport sponsors and operators;
                (6) small hub airport sponsors and operators;
                (7) nonhub airport sponsors and operators;
                (8) ticket agents;
                (9) representatives of intermodal transportation companies
            that operate at airports;
                (10) airport concessionaires;
                (11) nonprofit public interest groups with expertise in
            consumer protection matters;
                (12) senior managers of the Administration's Air Traffic
            Organization;
                (13) aircraft manufacturers;
                (14) entities representing individuals with disabilities;
                (15) certified labor organizations representing aviation
            workers, including--
                        (A) Federal Aviation Administration employees;
                        (B) airline pilots working for air carriers
                    operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations;
                        (C) flight attendants working for air carriers
                    operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations; and
                        (D) other customer facing airline and airport
                    workers;
                (16) other organizations or industry segments as determined
            by the Secretary; and
                (17) other Federal agencies that directly interface with
            passengers at airports.
        (c) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the advisory committee under this
    section shall be filled in a manner consistent with subsection (b).
        (d) Travel Expenses.--Members of the advisory committee under this
    section shall serve without pay but shall receive travel expenses,
    including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with
    subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.
        (e) Chair.--The Secretary shall designate an individual among the
    individuals appointed under subsection (b) to serve as Chair of the
    advisory committee.
        (f) Duties.--The duties of the advisory committee shall include--
                (1) evaluating ways to improve the comprehensive passenger
            experience, including--
                        (A) transportation between airport terminals and
                    facilities;
                        (B) baggage handling;
                        (C) wayfinding;
                        (D) the security screening process; and
                        (E) the communication of flight delays and
                    cancellations;
                (2) evaluating ways to improve efficiency in the national
            airspace system affecting passengers;
                (3) evaluating ways to improve the cooperation and
            coordination between the Department of Transportation and other
            Federal agencies that directly interface with aviation
            passengers at airports;
                (4) responding to other taskings determined by the
            Secretary; and
                (5) providing recommendations to the Secretary and the
            Administrator, if determined necessary during the evaluations
            considered in paragraphs (1) through (4).
        (g) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary
    shall submit to Congress a report containing--
                (1) consensus recommendations made by the advisory
            committee since such date of enactment or the previous report,
            as appropriate; and
                (2) an explanation of how the Secretary has implemented
            such recommendations and, for such recommendations not
            implemented, the Secretary's reason for not implementing such
            recommendation.
        (h) Definition.--The definitions in section 40102 of title 49,
    United States Code, shall apply to this section.
        (i) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on October 1,
    2028.
        (j) Termination of DOT ACCESS Advisory Committee.--The ACCESS
    Advisory Committee of the Department of Transportation shall terminate
    on the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 709. STREAMLINING OF OFFLINE TICKET DISCLOSURES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall take such
    action as may be necessary to update the process by which an air
    carrier or ticket agent is required to fulfill disclosure obligations
    in ticketing transactions for air transportation not completed through
    a website.
        (b) Requirements.--The process updated under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) include means of referral to the applicable air carrier
            website with respect to disclosures related to air carrier
            optional fees and policies;
                (2) include a means of referral to the website of the
            Department of Transportation with respect to any other required
            disclosures to air transportation passengers;
                (3) make no changes to air carrier or ticket agent
            obligations with respect to--
                        (A) section 41712(c) of title 49, United States
                    Code; or
                        (B) subsections (a) and (b) of section 399.84 of
                    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
                    regulations); and
                (4) require disclosures referred to in paragraphs (1) and
            (2) to be made in the manner existing prior to the date of
            enactment of this Act upon passenger request.
        (c) Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``air carrier''
    has the meaning given such term in section 40102(a) of title 49, United
    States Code.

    SEC. 710. TICKET AGENT REFUND OBLIGATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a
    final rule to revise section 399.80 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, to clarify the refund obligations of ticket agents.
        (b) Conditions.--In issuing the final rule under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall clarify that a ticket agent shall provide a refund
    only when such ticket agent possesses, or has access to, the funds of a
    passenger.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section, the term ``ticket agent'' has
    the meaning given such term in section 40102(a) of title 49, United
    States Code.

    SEC. 711. UPDATING PASSENGER INFORMATION REQUIREMENT REGULATIONS.

        (a) ARAC Tasking.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall task the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
    with--
                (1) reviewing passenger information requirement regulations
            under section 121.317 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulation,
            and such other related regulations as the Administrator
            determines appropriate; and
                (2) making recommendations to update and improve such
            regulations.
        (b) Final Regulation.--Not later than 6 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a final regulation revising section 121.317
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and such other related
    regulations as the Administrator determines appropriate, to--
                (1) update such section and regulations to incorporate
            exemptions commonly issued by the Administrator;
                (2) reflect civil penalty inflation adjustments; and
                (3) incorporate such updates and improvements recommended
            by the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee that the
            Administrator determines appropriate.

    SEC. 712. MOBILITY AIDS ON BOARD IMPROVE LIVES AND EMPOWER ALL.

        (a) Publication of Cargo Hold Dimensions.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall
            require air carriers to publish on a prominent and easily
            accessible place on the public website of the air carrier,
            information describing the relevant dimensions and other
            characteristics of the cargo holds of all aircraft types
            operated by the air carrier, including the dimensions of the
            cargo hold entry, that would limit the size, weight, and
            allowable type of cargo available.
                (2) Proprietary information.--The Secretary shall allow an
            air carrier to protect the confidentiality of any trade secret
            or proprietary information submitted in accordance with
            paragraph (1), as appropriate.
        (b) Refund Required for Individual Traveling With Wheelchair.--In
    the case of a qualified individual with a disability traveling with a
    wheelchair who has purchased a ticket for a flight from an air carrier,
    but who cannot travel on the aircraft for such flight because the
    wheelchair of such qualified individual cannot be physically
    accommodated in the cargo hold of the aircraft, the Secretary shall
    require such air carrier to offer a refund to such qualified individual
    of any previously paid fares, fees, and taxes applicable to such
    flight.
        (c) Evaluation of Data Regarding Damaged Wheelchairs.--Not later
    than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually
    thereafter, the Secretary shall--
                (1) evaluate data regarding the type and frequency of
            incidents of the mishandling of wheelchairs on aircraft and
            delineate such data by--
                        (A) types of wheelchairs involved in such
                    incidents; and
                        (B) the ways in which wheelchairs are mishandled,
                    including the type of damage to wheelchairs (such as
                    broken drive wheels or casters, bent or broken frames,
                    damage to electrical connectors or wires, control input
                    devices, joysticks, upholstery or other components,
                    loss, or delay of return);
                (2) determine whether there are trends with respect to the
            data evaluated under paragraph (1); and
                (3) make available on the public website of the Department
            of Transportation, in an accessible manner, a report containing
            the results of the evaluation of data and determination made
            under paragraphs (1) and (2) and a description of how the
            Secretary plans to address such results.
        (d) Feasibility of In-cabin Wheelchair Restraint Systems.--
                (1) Roadmap.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a publicly available strategic
            roadmap that describes how the Department of Transportation and
            the United States Access Board, respectively, shall, in
            accordance with the recommendations from the National Academies
            of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Transportation
            Research Board Special Report 341--
                        (A) establish a program of research, in
                    collaboration with the Rehabilitation Engineering and
                    Assistive Technology Society of North America, the
                    assistive technology industry, air carriers, original
                    equipment manufacturers, national disability and
                    disabled veterans organizations, and any other relevant
                    stakeholders, to test and evaluate an appropriate
                    selection of WC19-compliant wheelchairs and accessories
                    in accordance with applicable Federal Aviation
                    Administration crashworthiness and safety performance
                    criteria, including the issues and considerations set
                    forth in such Special Report 341; and
                        (B) sponsor studies that assess issues and
                    considerations, including those set forth in such
                    Special Report 341, such as--
                                (i) the likely demand for air travel by
                            individuals who are nonambulatory if such
                            individuals could remain seated in their
                            personal wheelchairs in flight; and
                                (ii) the feasibility of implementing
                            seating arrangements that would accommodate
                            passengers in wheelchairs in the main cabin in
                            flight.
                (2) Study.--If determined to be technically feasible by the
            Secretary, not later than 2 years after making such
            determination, the Secretary shall commence a study to assess
            the economic and financial feasibility of air carriers and
            foreign air carriers implementing seating arrangements that
            accommodate passengers with wheelchairs (including power
            wheelchairs, manual wheelchairs, and scooters) in the main
            cabin during flight. Such study shall include an assessment
            of--
                        (A) the cost of such seating arrangements,
                    equipment, and installation;
                        (B) the demand for such seating arrangements;
                        (C) the impact of such seating arrangements on
                    passenger seating and safety on aircraft;
                        (D) the impact of such seating arrangements on the
                    cost of operations and airfare; and
                        (E) any other information determined appropriate by
                    the Secretary.
                (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which
            the study under paragraph (2) is completed, the Secretary shall
            submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation of the Senate a publicly available
            report describing the results of the study conducted under
            paragraph (2), together with any recommendations the Secretary
            determines appropriate.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 40102 of title 49, United States
            Code.
                (2) Disability; qualified individual with a disability.--
            The terms ``disability'' and ``qualified individual with a
            disability'' have the meanings given such terms in section
            382.3 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on
            date of enactment of this Act).
                (3) Wheelchair.--The term ``wheelchair'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 37.3 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations (as in effect on date of enactment of this Act),
            including power wheelchairs, manual wheelchairs, and scooters.

    SEC. 713. PRIORITIZING ACCOUNTABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY FOR AVIATION
                  CONSUMERS.

        (a) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of
    Transportation shall provide to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on
    disability-related aviation consumer complaints filed with the
    Department of Transportation, and shall make each annual report
    publicly available.
        (b) Scope of Report.--In each report required under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall include, at minimum, a description of the
    following:
                (1) The number of disability-related aviation consumer
            complaints filed with the Department of Transportation during
            the calendar year preceding the year in which such report is
            submitted.
                (2) The nature of such complaints, such as reported issues
            with--
                        (A) an air carrier;
                        (B) mishandling of passengers with a disability,
                    including mishandling of a wheelchair, mobility aid, or
                    other accessibility equipment of a passenger by an air
                    carrier;
                        (C) the condition or availability of accessibility
                    equipment or materials operated by an air carrier;
                        (D) the accessibility of in-flight services,
                    including accessing and utilizing onboard lavatories,
                    for passengers with a disability;
                        (E) difficulties experienced by passengers with a
                    disability in communicating with an air carrier
                    employee;
                        (F) difficulties experienced by passengers with a
                    disability in being moved, handled, or otherwise
                    assisted;
                        (G) an air carrier changing the flight itinerary of
                    a passenger with a disability without the consent of
                    such passenger;
                        (H) difficulties experienced by passengers with a
                    disability traveling with a service animal; and
                        (I) any other issues the Secretary of
                    Transportation determines appropriate.
                (3) The review process for such complaints.
                (4) The average amount of days before the Department
            initiated a formal review of such complaints.
                (5) The average amount of days until such complaints were
            resolved by the Department.
                (6) The number of such complaints that resulted in
            dismissal, a civil monetary penalty, or other injunctive
            relief.
                (7) Of the complaints that were found to violate section
            41705 of title 49, United States Code--
                        (A) the number of such complaints for which a
                    formal enforcement order was issued; and
                        (B) the number of such complaints for which a
                    formal enforcement order was not issued.
                (8) The number of disability-related aviation consumer
            complaints filed with the Department of Transportation
            involving airport staff or other matters under the jurisdiction
            of the Federal Aviation Administration that were referred to
            the Federal Aviation Administration.
                (9) The number of disability-related aviation consumer
            complaints filed with the Department of Transportation
            involving Transportation Security Administration staff that
            were referred to the Transportation Security Administration or
            the Department of Homeland Security.
        (c) Report to Congress.--The Secretary shall submit annually to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate the report required under subsection (a).
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided, the terms
            used in this section have the meanings given such terms in
            section 40102 of title 49, United States Code, or section 382.3
            of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, as applicable.
                (2) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' means an air
            carrier conducting passenger operations under part 121 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (3) Passenger with a disability.--The term ``passenger with
            a disability'' has the meaning given the term ``qualified
            individual with a disability'' in section 382.3 of title 14,
            Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 714. AIRCRAFT ACCESSIBILITY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall initiate a
    program to study and evaluate improvements to transport category
    aircraft accessibility, including--
                (1) determining whether and, if so, how personal
            wheelchairs, including manual and powered wheelchairs, can be
            safely secured in the passenger seating areas of an aircraft
            certificated under part 25 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations;
                (2) considering the safe evacuation processes for such
            aircraft, including individuals who use manual and powered
            wheelchairs; and
                (3) determining how various types or aircraft described in
            paragraph (1) can safely and efficiently be retrofit for
            accessible lavatories.
        (b) Report and Recommendations.--Not later than 2 years after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the findings of the study and
    evaluation described in subsection (a) and recommendations to address
    the findings of such study and evaluation.

    SEC. 715. ACCESSIBILITY OF WEBSITES, SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS, AND KIOSKS
                  FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES.

        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary of Transportation shall, in direct consultation with the
    United States Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance
    Board, prescribe regulations setting forth minimum standards to ensure
    that individuals with disabilities are able to access kiosks, software
    applications, and websites in a manner that is equally as effective as
    individuals without disabilities, with a substantially equivalent ease
    of use. Such standards shall be consistent with the standards set forth
    in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 Level AA of the Web
    Accessibility Initiative of the World Wide Web Consortium or any
    subsequent version.

    SEC. 716. REVIEW OF METHODS TO REPORT FLIGHT DELAY AND CANCELLATION
                  STATISTICS.

        (a) In General.--No later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall conduct a
    review of the means of reporting flight delay and cancellation
    statistics to the Secretary and the accuracy of such data.
        (b) Coordination Requirement.--In conducting the review required in
    paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate and collaborate with air
    carriers (as such term is defined in section 40102 of title 49, United
    States Code) to assist in conducting the review and providing
    recommendations on improving the means of reporting flight delay and
    cancellation statistics to the Secretary and the accuracy of such data.

    SEC. 717. REIMBURSEMENT FOR INCURRED COSTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall direct all air
    carriers providing scheduled passenger interstate or intrastate air
    transportation to establish policies regarding reimbursement for
    lodging, transportation between such lodging and the airport, and meal
    costs incurred due to a flight cancellation or significant delay
    directly attributable to the air carrier.
        (b) Definition of Significantly Delayed.--In this section, the term
    ``significantly delayed'' means, with respect to air transportation,
    the departure or arrival at the originally ticketed destination
    associated with such transportation has changed--
                (1) in the case of air transportation within the United
            States, by 3 or more hours; or
                (2) in the case of air transportation to or from a location
            outside the United States, by 6 or more hours.

    SEC. 718. AIRLINE OPERATIONAL RESILIENCY PLANS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall require a covered
    carrier to develop and regularly update an operational resiliency
    strategy to prevent or limit the impact of future flight disruptions on
    passengers.
        (b) Operational Resiliency Strategy.--In each operational
    resiliency strategy developed under subsection (a), a covered carrier
    shall include a description of--
                (1) the potential impact of severe weather and other
            reasonably anticipated disruptive events on the operations of
            the carrier and how the carrier seeks to prevent or limit the
            impact of such events on passengers;
                (2) the potential impact of severe weather events and other
            reasonably anticipated disruptive events on--
                        (A) staffing models and the preparedness of the
                    current workforce of the carrier to address such
                    conditions; and
                        (B) the current information and technology systems
                    of the carrier, including crew scheduling systems, and
                    the preparedness of such systems to continue operations
                    after such an event or disruption;
                (3) the preparedness of the carrier to maintain operations
            and limit or prevent the impact of other potential disruptive
            events identified by the carrier;
                (4) the extent to which the carrier addresses known
            cybersecurity risks to prevent potential flight disruptions;
            and
                (5) any other issues the Secretary determines appropriate
            to protect consumers and maintain the operational stability of
            the airline industry.
        (c) Proprietary Information.--The Secretary shall develop a method
    to protect the confidentiality of any trade secret or proprietary
    information submitted in an operational resiliency strategy under
    subsection (b).
        (d) Evaluation.--
                (1) Audit.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United
            States shall initiate an audit to evaluate the effectiveness of
            the operational resiliency strategies developed under this
            section by covered air carriers.
                (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after completion of the
            audit conducted under paragraph (1), the Comptroller General
            shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report on the findings of the audit.
        (e) Covered Carrier.--In this section, the term ``covered carrier''
    has the meaning given such term in section 259.3 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).

    SEC. 719. FAMILY SEATING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a
    notice of proposed rulemaking to establish a policy directing air
    carriers that assign seats, or allow individuals to select seats in
    advance of the date of departure of a flight, to sit each young child
    adjacent to an accompanying adult, to the greatest extent practicable,
    if adjacent seat assignments are available at any time after the ticket
    is issued for each young child and before the first passenger boards
    the flight.
        (b) Prohibition on Fees.--The notice of proposed rulemaking
    described in subsection (a) shall include a provision that prohibits an
    air carrier from charging a fee, or imposing an additional cost beyond
    the ticket price of the additional seat, to seat each young child
    adjacent to an accompanying adult within the same class of service.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Notwithstanding the requirement in
    subsection (a), nothing in this section may be construed to allow the
    Secretary to impose a change in the overall seating or boarding policy
    of an air carrier that has an open or flexible seating policy in place
    that generally allows adjacent family seating as described under this
    section.
        (d) Young Child.--In this section, the term ``young child'' means
    an individual who has not attained 14 years of age.

    SEC. 720. SEAT DIMENSIONS.

        Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall--
                (1) initiate a rulemaking activity based on the regulation
            described in section 577 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
            (49 U.S.C. 42301 note); and
                (2) if the Administrator decides not to pursue the
            rulemaking described in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall
            brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
            House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the justification
            of such decision.

    SEC. 721. IMPROVED TRAINING STANDARDS FOR ASSISTING PASSENGERS WHO USE
                  WHEELCHAIRS.

        (a) Rulemaking.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a
    notice of proposed rulemaking to develop requirements for minimum
    training standards for airline personnel or contractors who assist
    wheelchair users who must board or deplane using an aisle chair or
    other boarding device.
        (b) Requirements.--The training standards developed under
    subsection (a) shall require, at a minimum, that airline personnel or
    contractors who assist passengers who use wheelchairs who must board or
    deplane using an aisle chair or other boarding device--
                (1) complete refresher training within 18 months and be
            recertified on the job within 18 months by a superior in order
            to remain qualified for providing aisle chair assistance; and
                (2) be able to successfully demonstrate each of following
            skills in hands-on training sessions before being allowed to
            board or deplane a passenger using an aisle chair or other
            boarding device:
                        (A) How to safely use the aisle chair, or other
                    boarding device, including the use of all straps,
                    brakes, and other safety features.
                        (B) How to assist in the transfer of passengers to
                    and from their wheelchair, the aisle chair, and the
                    aircraft's passenger seat, either by physically lifting
                    the passenger or deploying a mechanical device for the
                    lift or transfer.
                        (C) How to effectively communicate with, and take
                    instruction from, the passenger.
        (c) Considerations.--In conducting the rulemaking under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
                (1) whether to require air carriers and foreign air
            carriers to partner with national disability organizations and
            disabled veterans organizations representing individuals with
            disabilities who use wheelchairs and scooters in developing and
            reviewing training; and
                (2) whether individuals able to provide boarding and
            deplaning assistance for passengers with limited or no mobility
            should receive training incorporating procedures from medical
            professionals on how to properly lift these passengers.
        (d) Final Rule.--Not later than 12 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant
    to the rulemaking conducted under this section.
        (e) Penalties.--The Secretary may assess a civil penalty in
    accordance with section 46301 of title 49, United States Code, to any
    air carrier or foreign air carrier who fails to meet the requirements
    established under the final rule under subsection (d).

    SEC. 722. TRAINING STANDARDS FOR STOWAGE OF WHEELCHAIRS AND SCOOTERS.

        (a) Rulemaking.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a
    notice of proposed rulemaking to develop minimum training standards
    related to stowage of wheelchairs and scooters used by passengers with
    disabilities on aircraft.
        (b) Requirements.--The training standards developed under
    subsection (a) shall require, at a minimum, that personnel and
    contractors of air carriers and foreign air carriers who stow
    wheelchairs and scooters on aircraft--
                (1) complete refresher training within 18 months and be
            recertified on the job within 18 months by a superior in order
            to remain qualified for handling and stowing wheelchairs and
            scooters; and
                (2) be able to successfully demonstrate the each of
            following skills in hands-on training sessions before being
            allowed to handle or stow a wheelchair or scooter:
                        (A) How to properly handle and configure, at a
                    minimum on a common design for power and manual
                    wheelchairs and scooters for stowage on each aircraft
                    type operated by the air carrier or foreign air
                    carrier.
                        (B) How to properly review any wheelchair or
                    scooter information provided by the passenger or the
                    wheelchair or scooter manufacturer.
                        (C) How to properly load, secure, and unload
                    wheelchairs and scooters, including how to use any
                    specialized equipment for loading or unloading, on each
                    aircraft type operated by the air carrier or foreign
                    air carrier.
        (c) Considerations.--In conducting the rulemaking under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum whether to require air
    carriers and foreign air carriers to partner with wheelchair or scooter
    manufacturers, national disability and disabled veterans organizations
    representing individuals who use wheelchairs and scooters, and aircraft
    manufacturers, in developing training.
        (d) Final Rule.--Not later than 12 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant
    to the rulemaking conducted under this section.
        (e) Penalties.--The Secretary may assess a civil penalty in
    accordance with section 46301 of title 49, United States Code, to any
    air carrier or foreign air carrier who fails to meet the requirements
    established under the final rule under subsection (d).

    SEC. 723. INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS.

        Section 41705(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking paragraph (1), and inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) not later than 120 days after the receipt of
                    any complaint of a violation of this section or a
                    regulation prescribed under this section, investigate
                    such complaint; and
                        ``(B) provide, in writing, to the individual that
                    filed the complaint and the air carrier or foreign air
                    carrier alleged to have violated this section or a
                    regulation prescribed under this section, the
                    determination of the Secretary with respect to--
                                ``(i) whether the air carrier or foreign
                            air carrier violated this section or a
                            regulation prescribed under this section;
                                ``(ii) the facts underlying the complaint;
                            and
                                ``(iii) any action the Secretary is taking
                            in response to the complaint.''.

    SEC. 724. STANDARDS.

        (a) Aircraft Access Standards.--
                (1) Standards.--
                        (A) Advance notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not
                    later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
                    Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue an
                    advanced notice of proposed rulemaking regarding
                    standards to ensure that the aircraft boarding and
                    deplaning process is accessible, in terms of design
                    for, transportation of, and communication with,
                    individuals with disabilities, including individuals
                    who use wheelchairs.
                        (B) Notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not later than
                    1 year after the date on which the advanced notice of
                    proposed rulemaking under subparagraph (A) is
                    completed, the Secretary shall issue a notice of
                    proposed rulemaking regarding standards addressed in
                    subparagraph (A).
                        (C) Final rule.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date on which the notice of proposed rulemaking under
                    subparagraph (B) is completed, the Secretary shall
                    issue a final rule.
                (2) Covered airport, equipment, and features.--The
            standards prescribed under paragraph (1)(A) shall address, at a
            minimum--
                        (A) boarding and deplaning equipment;
                        (B) improved procedures to ensure the priority
                    cabin stowage for manual assistive devices pursuant to
                    section 382.67 of title 14, Code of Federal
                    Regulations; and
                        (C) improved cargo hold storage to prevent damage
                    to assistive devices.
                (3) Consultation.--For purposes of the rulemaking under
            this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with the Access
            Board and any other relevant department or agency to determine
            appropriate accessibility standards.
        (b) In-flight Entertainment Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year
    after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue
    a notice of proposed rulemaking in accordance with the November 22,
    2016, resolution of the Department of Transportation ACCESS Committee
    and the consensus recommendation set forth in the Term Sheet Reflecting
    Agreement of the Access Committee Regarding In-Flight Entertainment.
        (c) Negotiated Rulemaking on In-cabin Wheelchair Restraint Systems
    and Enplaning and Deplaning Standards.--
                (1) Timing.--
                        (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after
                    completion of the report required by section 712(d)(3),
                    and if such report finds economic and financial
                    feasibility of air carriers and foreign air carriers
                    implementing seating arrangements that accommodate
                    individuals with disabilities using wheelchairs
                    (including power wheelchairs, manual wheelchairs, and
                    scooters) in the main cabin during flight, the
                    Secretary shall conduct a negotiated rulemaking on new
                    type certificated aircraft standards for seating
                    arrangements that accommodate such individuals in the
                    main cabin during flight or an accessible route to a
                    minimum of 2 aircraft passenger seats for passengers to
                    access from personal assistive devices of such
                    individuals.
                        (B) Requirement.--The negotiated rulemaking under
                    subparagraph (A) shall include participation of
                    representatives of--
                                (i) air carriers;
                                (ii) aircraft manufacturers;
                                (iii) national disability organizations;
                                (iv) aviation safety experts; and
                                (v) mobility aid manufacturers.
                (2) Notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year
            after the completion of the negotiated rulemaking required
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall issue a notice of
            proposed rulemaking regarding the standards described in
            paragraph (1).
                (3) Final rule.--Not later than 1 year after the date on
            which the notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (2) is
            completed, the Secretary shall issue a final rule regarding the
            standards described in paragraph (1).
                (4) Considerations.--In the negotiated rulemaking and
            rulemaking required under this subsection, the Secretary shall
            consider--
                        (A) a reasonable period for the design,
                    certification, and construction of aircraft that meet
                    the requirements;
                        (B) the safety of all persons on-board the
                    aircraft, including necessary wheelchair standards and
                    wheelchair compliance with Federal Aviation
                    Administration crashworthiness and safety performance
                    criteria; and
                        (C) the costs of design, installation, equipage,
                    and aircraft capacity impacts, including partial fleet
                    equipage and fare impacts.
        (d) Visual and Tactilely Accessible Announcements.--The Advisory
    Committee established under section 439(g) of the FAA Reauthorization
    Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 41705 note) shall examine technical solutions
    and the feasibility of visually and tactilely accessible announcements
    on-board aircraft.
        (e) Airport Facilities.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, in direct consultation with
    the Access Board, prescribe regulations setting forth minimum standards
    under section 41705 of title 49, United States Code, that ensure all
    gates (including counters), ticketing areas, and customer service desks
    covered under such section at airports are accessible to and usable by
    all individuals with disabilities, including through the provision of
    visually and tactilely accessible announcements and full and equal
    access to aural communications.
        (f) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Access board.--The term ``Access board'' means the
            Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
                (2) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 40102 of title 49, United States
            Code.
                (3) Individual with a disability.--The term ``individual
            with a disability'' has the meaning given such term in section
            382.3 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (4) Foreign air carrier.--The term ``foreign air carrier''
            has the meaning given such term in section 40102 of title 49,
            United States Code.

    SEC. 725. SEATING ACCOMMODATIONS FOR QUALIFIED INDIVIDUALS WITH
                  DISABILITIES.

        (a) In General.--
                (1) Advanced notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not later than
            180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the
            Secretary of Transportation shall issue an advanced notice of
            proposed rulemaking regarding seating accommodations for any
            qualified individual with a disability.
                (2) Notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years
            after the date on which the advanced notice of proposed
            rulemaking under paragraph (1) is completed, the Secretary
            shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking regarding seating
            accommodations for any qualified individual with a disability.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the advanced notice of
    proposed rulemaking required in subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall
    consider the following:
                (1) The scope and anticipated number of qualified
            individuals with a disability who--
                        (A) may need to be seated with a companion to
                    receive assistance during a flight; or
                        (B) should be afforded bulkhead seats or other
                    seating considerations.
                (2) The types of disabilities that may need seating
            accommodations.
                (3) Whether such qualified individuals with a disability
            are unable to obtain, or have difficulty obtaining, such a
            seat.
                (4) The scope and anticipated number of individuals
            assisting a qualified individual with a disability who should
            be afforded an adjoining seat pursuant to section 382.81 of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (5) Any notification given to qualified individuals with a
            disability regarding available seating accommodations.
                (6) Any method that is adequate to identify fraudulent
            claims for seating accommodations.
                (7) Any other information determined appropriate by the
            Secretary.
        (c) Accredited Service Animal Training Programs and Authorized
    Registrars.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall publish on the website of the
    Department of Transportation and maintain a list of--
                (1) accredited programs that train service animals; and
                (2) authorized registrars that evaluate service animals.
        (d) Report to Congress on Service Animal Requests.--Not later than
    1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and annually
    thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on requests for air travel with service animals, including--
                (1) during the reporting period, how many requests to board
            an aircraft with a service animal were made; and
                (2) the number and percentage of such requests, categorized
            by type of request, that were reported by air carriers or
            foreign air carriers as--
                        (A) granted;
                        (B) denied; or
                        (C) fraudulent.
        (e) Training.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, in consultation
            with the Air Carrier Access Act Advisory Committee, issue
            guidance regarding improvements to training for airline
            personnel (including contractors) in recognizing when a
            qualified individual with a disability is traveling with a
            service animal.
                (2) Requirements.--The guidance issued under paragraph (1)
            shall--
                        (A) take into account respectful engagement with
                    and assistance for individuals with a wide range of
                    visible and non-visible disabilities;
                        (B) provide information on--
                                (i) service animal behavior and whether the
                            service animal is appropriately harnessed,
                            leashed, or otherwise tethered; and
                                (ii) the various types of service animals,
                            such as guide dogs, hearing or signal dogs,
                            psychiatric service dogs, sensory or social
                            signal dogs, and seizure response dogs; and
                        (C) outline the rights and responsibilities of the
                    handler of the service animal.
        (f) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
                (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning
            given that term in section 40102 of title 49, United States
            Code.
                (2) Foreign air carrier.--The term ``foreign air carrier''
            has the meaning given that term in section 40102 of title 49,
            United States Code.
                (3) Qualified individual with a disability.--The term
            ``qualified individual with a disability'' has the meaning
            given that term in section 382.3 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations.
                (4) Service animal.--The term ``service animal'' has the
            meaning given that term in section 382.3 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 726. PROVISION OF DRINKING WATER TO PASSENGERS.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
    issue such regulations as are necessary to require air carriers and
    foreign air carriers to provide complementary drinking water to
    passengers on all domestic and international flights with a scheduled
    duration of 1 hour or more.

    SEC. 727. GAO REPORT ON MASS FLIGHT CANCELLATION EVENT.

        (a) Report Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate a report on the actions of the
    Department of Transportation during the period beginning 2 weeks before
    July 4th, 2023, and ending two weeks after July 4th, 2023, that
    resulted in substantial flight calculations during such period.
        (b) Examination.--In developing the report under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller general shall examine--
                (1) all actions the Secretary of Transportation and the
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration took to
            mitigate flight disruptions and flight cancellations during
            such period; and
                (2) any actions not taken by the Secretary or the
            Administrator that may have mitigated flight disruptions and
            cancellations during such period.

                            Subtitle B--Air Traffic

    SEC. 741. TRANSFERS OF AIR TRAFFIC SYSTEMS ACQUIRED WITH AIP.

        Section 44502(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``in a noncontiguous
            State'' after ``An airport'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) a Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System
                    with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Exception.--The requirement under paragraph (1) that
            an eligible air traffic system or equipment be purchased in
            part using a Government airport aid program, airport
            development aid program, or airport improvement project grant
            shall not apply if the system or equipment is installed at an
            airport that is categorized as a basic or local general
            aviation airport under the most recently published national
            plan of integrated airport systems under section 47103.''.

    SEC. 742. NEXTGEN PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter as the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration determines appropriate, the
    Administrator shall convene Administration officials to evaluate and
    expedite the implementation of NextGen programs and capabilities.
        (b) Nextgen Program Prioritization.--In allocating amounts
    appropriated pursuant to section 48101(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, the Secretary of Transportation shall give priority to the
    following activities:
                (1) Performance-based navigation.
                (2) Data communications.
                (3) Terminal flight data manager.
                (4) Aeronautical information management.
        (c) Performance-based Navigation.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall fully implement
            performance-based navigation procedures for all terminal and
            enroute routes, including approach and departure procedures for
            covered airports.
                (2) Specific procedures.--Pursuant to paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall prioritize the following performance-based
            navigation procedures:
                        (A) Trajectory-based operations.
                        (B) Optimized profile descents.
                        (C) Multiple airport route separation.
                        (D) Established on required navigation performance.
                        (E) Converging runway display aids.
                (3) Performance-based navigation baseline equipage
            requirements.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the Administrator
            shall issue such regulations as may be required, and publish
            applicable advisory circulars, to establish the equipage
            baseline appropriate for aircraft to safely use performance-
            based navigation procedures.
        (d) Data Communications.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall fully implement
            the use of data communications.
                (2) Specific capabilities.--In carrying out subsection (a)
            and this subsection, the Administrator shall prioritize the
            following data communications capabilities:
                        (A) Ground-to-ground message exchange for surface
                    aircraft operations and runway safety at airports.
                        (B) Automated message generation and receipt.
                        (C) Message routing and transmission.
                        (D) Direct communications with aircraft avionics.
                        (E) Implementation of data communications at all
                    Air Route Traffic Control Centers.
                        (F) The Future Air Navigation System.
        (e) Terminal Flight Data Manager.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall replace the
            traffic flow management system with the flow data management
            system at covered airports.
                (2) Electronic flight strips.--In carrying out paragraph
            (1), the Administrator shall implement electronic flight
            strips, at a minimum, at the air traffic control towers of
            covered airports and all terminal radar approach control and
            air route traffic control centers.
        (f) Aeronautical Information Management Systems.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall fully modernize
            the aeronautical information management systems of the Federal
            Aviation Administration to improve the functionality,
            useability, durability, and reliability of such systems used in
            the national airspace system.
                (2) Requirements.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall--
                        (A) improve the distribution of critical safety
                    information to pilots, air traffic control, and other
                    relevant aviation stakeholders;
                        (B) fully develop and implement the Enterprise
                    Information Display System; and
                        (C) notwithstanding a centralized aeronautical
                    information management system, restructure the back-up
                    systems of aeronautical information management systems
                    to be independent and self-sufficient from one another.
        (g) Effect of Failure to Meet Deadline.--
                (1) Notification of congress.--If the Administrator
            determines that the Administration has not or will not meet a
            deadline established under subsection (a), (c), (d), or (e),
            the Administrator shall, not later than 30 days after such
            determination, notify the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate about the failure to meet the target deadlines.
                (2) Contents of notification.--A notification under
            paragraph (1) shall be accompanied by the following:
                        (A) An explanation as to why the agency will not or
                    did not meet the target deadlines described in such
                    paragraph.
                        (B) A description of the actions the Administration
                    plans to take to meet the target deadlines described in
                    such paragraph.
                (3) Briefing.--If the Administrator is required to provide
            notice under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall provide the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate bimonthly, in-person briefings as
            to the progress made by the Administration regarding
            implementation under the respective subsection for which the
            target deadline will not or was not met until such time as the
            Administrator has completed the required work under such
            subsection.
        (h) Nextgen Advisory Committee Consultation.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator shall consult and task
            the NextGen Advisory Committee with providing recommendations
            on ways to expedite, prioritize, and fully implement NextGen
            programs to realize the operational benefits of such programs.
                (2) Considerations.--In providing recommendations under
            paragraph (1), the NextGen Advisory Committee shall consider--
                        (A) air traffic throughput of the national airspace
                    system;
                        (B) daily operational performance, including delays
                    and cancellations; and
                        (C) the potential need for performance-based
                    operational metrics related to NextGen programs.
        (i) Sunset of NextGen Brand.--
                (1) In general.-- Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall terminate the
            use of the term ``Next Generation Air Transportation System''
            or ``NextGen'' to describe any air traffic control
            modernization program of the Administration.
                (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall
            be construed to--
                        (A) terminate any program of the Administration,
                    including a program that has previously been
                    represented as being a component of the Next Generation
                    Air Transportation System or NextGen in budgetary
                    submission or document of the Administration; or
                        (B) prohibit the Administrator from maintaining
                    materials that relate to or reference programs that
                    have previously been represented as being a component
                    of the Next Generation Air Transportation System or
                    NextGen.
        (j) Covered Airports Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered
    airports'' means the 40 airports in the United States with the highest
    number of annual aircraft operations, as of the date of enactment of
    this Act.

    SEC. 743. AIRSPACE ACCESS.

        (a) Coalescing Airspace.--
                (1) Review of national airspace system.--Not later than 3
            years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in
            coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall conduct a
            comprehensive review of the airspace of the national airspace
            system, including special use airspace.
                (2) Streamlining and expediting access.--In carrying out
            paragraph (1), the Administrator shall identify methods to
            streamline, expedite, and provide greater flexibility of access
            to certain categories of airspace for users of the national
            airspace system who may not regularly have access to such
            airspace.
        (b) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 3 months after the
            completion of review the under subsection (a), the
            Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
            and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate a report describing the findings of such review and any
            recommendations and proposed actions to improve access to
            airspace of the national airspace system for the users of such
            system.
                (2) Contents.--In the report submitted under paragraph (1),
            the Administrator shall include, at a minimum, the following:
                        (A) An identification of current challenges and
                    barriers faced by airspace users in accessing certain
                    categories of airspace, including special use airspace.
                        (B) An evaluation of existing procedures,
                    regulations, and requirements that may impede or delay
                    access to certain categories of airspace for certain
                    users of the national airspace system.
                        (C) Recommendations for streamlining and expediting
                    the airspace access process, including potential
                    regulatory changes, technological advancements, and
                    enhanced coordination among relevant stakeholders and
                    Federal agencies.
                        (D) A proposal for implementing a flexible
                    framework that allows for temporary access to certain
                    categories of airspace, including special use airspace,
                    by users of the national airspace system who do not
                    have regular access to such airspace.
                        (E) An assessment of the impact airspace access
                    improvements may have on safety, efficiency, and
                    economic opportunities for airspace users, including--
                                (i) military operators;
                                (ii) commercial operators; and
                                (iii) general aviation operators.
                (3) Implementation and follow-up.--
                        (A) Action plan.--Based on the findings,
                    recommendations, and proposals submitted in the report
                    under this subsection, the Administrator shall develop
                    an action plan for implementing any recommendations and
                    proposals necessary to improve airspace access.
                        (B) Coordination and collaboration.--In developing
                    the action plan under subparagraph (A), the
                    Administrator shall coordinate with relevant
                    stakeholders, including airspace users and the
                    Secretary of Defense, to ensure--
                                (i) effective implementation of the action
                            plan; and
                                (ii) ongoing collaboration in addressing
                            airspace access challenges.
                        (C) Progress reports.--The Administrator shall
                    provide to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
                    the Senate periodic progress reports in the form of
                    briefings on the implementation of the action plan
                    developed under this paragraph, including updates on
                    the adoption of streamlined procedures, technological
                    enhancements, and any regulatory changes necessary to
                    improve airspace access and flexibility.

    SEC. 744. AIRSPACE TRANSITION COMPLETION.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall ensure that responsibility for the Newark, New
    Jersey radar sector is moved to the Philadelphia terminal radar
    approach control facility.
        (b) Staffing.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator
    may not--
                (1) require the temporary or permanent movement of any
            personnel from the New York terminal radar approach control
            facility to the Philadelphia terminal radar approach control
            facility, but may solicit such personnel to volunteer to
            temporarily or permanently facilitate the move required under
            subsection (a); or
                (2) reduce the target staffing level of the New York
            terminal radar approach control facility.
        (c) Congressional Briefings.--Not later than 180 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act and every 60 days thereafter, the
    Administrator and the head of the collective bargaining unit
    representing air traffic controllers shall brief the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on
    the status of the move required under subsection (a) until such time as
    the Newark, New Jersey radar sector is under the full responsibility of
    the Philadelphia terminal radar approach control facility.

    SEC. 745. FAA CONTRACT TOWERS.

        (a) Operational Readiness Inspections.--Not later than 180 days
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall update applicable regulations,
    standards, and guidance on operational readiness inspections related to
    the Federal Aviation Administration Contract Tower program to provide
    airport sponsors acting in good faith with 7 years to complete such
    inspections after receiving a benefit-to-cost ratio of air traffic
    control services for an airport.
        (b) FCT Controller Airspace Awareness.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall authorize the
            use of advanced technology at Federal Aviation Administration
            contract towers to enhance air traffic controller situational
            awareness.
                (2) Equipment standards.--In carrying out paragraph (1),
            the Administrator shall establish standards and criteria
            identical to such standards and criteria applicable to Federal
            Aviation Administration air traffic controllers for the use of
            advanced technology in air traffic control towers.
                (3) Recurrency training.--In carrying out this subsection,
            the Administrator, in coordination with Federal Aviation
            Administration contract tower contractors, shall establish an
            appropriate training program to periodically train air traffic
            controllers employed by such contractors to ensure proper
            integration and use of advanced technologies at Federal
            Aviation Administration contract towers.
        (c) Liability Insurance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation
    with industry experts including Federal Aviation Administration
    contract tower contractors and aviation insurance providers, shall--
                (1) assess existing liability limits for contract tower
            contractors established by the Secretary; and
                (2) determine whether such limits should be updated.

    SEC. 746. FAA CONTRACT TOWER WORKFORCE AUDIT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation
    shall initiate an audit of the workforce needs of the Federal Aviation
    Administration Contract Tower Program.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the audit required under subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall, at a minimum--
                (1) review the assumptions and methodologies used in
            assessing the source of Federal Aviation Administration
            contract towers staffing to determine the adequacy of staffing
            levels at such towers;
                (2) determine whether there is a need to establish an air
            traffic controller training program to allow Federal Aviation
            Administration contract tower contractors to conduct--
                        (A) initial training of air traffic controllers
                    employed by such contractors; or
                        (B) on-the-job training of such controllers;
                (3) assess whether establishing pathways to allow Federal
            Aviation Administration contract tower contractors to use the
            air traffic technical training academy of the Federal Aviation
            Administration, or other means such as higher educational
            institutions, to provide initial technical training for air
            traffic controllers employed by such contractors could help
            address the workforce needs of the FAA contract tower program;
            and
                (4) consult with the exclusive bargaining representative of
            the air traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of
            title 5, United States Code.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the completion of the
    audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the findings of such audit and
    any recommendations as a result of such audit.

    SEC. 747. AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE SUSTAINMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall develop performance metrics with which the Administrator can
    assess the operation of safety-critical communication, navigation, and
    surveillance aviation infrastructure within the national airspace
    system.
        (b) Performance Metrics Necessary to Remain in Service.--
                (1) In general.--After developing the performance metrics
            under subsection (a), the Administrator shall carry out an
            assessment to determine which applicable aviation
            infrastructure are to remain in operational service.
                (2) Considerations.--In making an assessment under
            paragraph (1), the Administrator shall take into consideration
            the following:
                        (A) The expected lifespan of such aviation
                    infrastructure.
                        (B) The number and type of mechanical failures of
                    such aviation infrastructure.
                        (C) The average annual costs of maintaining such
                    aviation infrastructure over a 5-year timespan and
                    whether such costs exceed the amount to replace such
                    aviation infrastructure.
                        (D) The availability of replacement parts or labor
                    capable of maintaining such aviation infrastructure.
                        (E) Any other factors the Administrator determines
                    are necessary.
        (c) Publication.--The Administrator shall make the performance
    metrics established under subsection (b) available to the public
    through the website of the Administration, or other appropriate methods
    of publication, and shall ensure that any information made available to
    the public under this subsection is made available in a manner that--
                (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an
            individual or entity;
                (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary
            information; and
                (3) does not disclose information that may pose a
            cybersecurity risk.

    SEC. 748. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER SAFETY.

        In designing, adopting a design, or constructing an air traffic
    control tower based on a previously adopted design, the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration shall ensure that the safety of
    the national airspace system, the safety of employees of the
    Administration, the operational reliability of air traffic control
    towers, and the costs of such towers are the primary consideration in
    such design, adoption, or construction.

    SEC. 749. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES DATA REPORTS.

        Section 45303(g)(2)(A) of title 49, United States Code, is amended
    by striking ``8 years'' and inserting ``14 years''.

    SEC. 750. CONSIDERATION OF SMALL HUB CONTROL TOWERS.

        In selecting projects for the replacement of federally owned air
    traffic control towers from funds made available pursuant to title VIII
    of division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law
    117-58) under the heading ``Federal Aviation Administration--Facilities
    and Equipment'', the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall consider selecting projects at small hub
    commercial service airports with control towers that are at least 50
    years old.

    SEC. 751. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER REPLACEMENT PROCESS REPORT.

        (a) Report Required.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall submit to Congress a report on the process by
    which air traffic control tower facilities are chosen for replacement.
        (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall
    contain--
                (1) the process by which air traffic control tower
            facilities are chosen for replacement, including which
            divisions of the Administration control or are involved in the
            replacement decision making process;
                (2) the criteria the Administrator uses to determine which
            air traffic control tower facilities to replace, including--
                        (A) the relative importance of each such criteria;
                        (B) why the Administrator uses each such criteria;
                    and
                        (C) the reasons for the relative importance of each
                    such criteria;
                (3) what types of investigation the Administrator carries
            out to determine if an air traffic control tower facility
            should be replaced;
                (4) a timeline of the replacement process for an individual
            air traffic control tower facility replacement;
                (5) the list of facilities established under subsection
            (c), including the reason for selecting each such facility; and
                (6) any other information the Administrator considers
            relevant.
        (c) List of Replaced Air Traffic Control Tower Facilities.--The
    Administrator shall establish, maintain, and publish on the website of
    the Federal Aviation Administration a list of the following:
                (1) All air traffic control tower facilities replaced
            within the previous 10-year period.
                (2) Any such facilities in the process of being replaced.

    SEC. 752. FAA CONTRACT TOWER PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a pilot program to convert up to 3 high-
    activity contract towers under the Federal Aviation Administration
    Contract Tower Program under section 47124 of title 49, United States
    Code, to visual flight rule towers staffed by the Administration.
        (b) Priority.--In selecting facilities to participate in the pilot
    program under subsection (a), the Administrator shall give priority to
    towers that--
                (1) had over 200,000 in annual tower operations in calendar
            year 2022 or a small hub airport with more than 900,000
            passenger enplanements in calendar year 2021;
                (2) have controls towers that are either owned by the
            Administration or are constructed to Administration standards;
            and
                (3) operate within a complex air space, including space
            used by air carriers, for general aviation, and by military
            aircraft.
        (c) Controller Retention.--The Administrator shall appoint to the
    position of air traffic controller all air traffic controllers employed
    as a Federal contract tower operator and assigned to the air traffic
    control tower pilot program as of the date of enactment of this Act so
    long as such operator--
                (1) meets the qualifications contained in section
            44506(f)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code; and
                (2) has all other pre-employment qualifications required by
            law.

    SEC. 753. AGREEMENTS FOR STATE AND LOCAL OPERATION OF AIRPORT
                  FACILITIES.

        Section 47124(b)(3)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is amended
    by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(viii) Air traffic control towers at
                            airports with safety or operational problems
                            related to the lack of an existing tower.
                                ``(ix) Air traffic control towers at
                            airports with projected commercial and military
                            increases in aircraft or flight operations.
                                ``(x) Air traffic control towers at
                            airports with a variety of aircraft operations,
                            including a variety of commercial and military
                            flight operations''.

                    Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

    SEC. 771. ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE REFORMS.

        (a) Reduction in Subsidy Cap.--Section 41731(a)(1)(C) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                        ``(C) had an average subsidy per passenger--
                                ``(i) of less than $1,000 during the most
                            recent fiscal year beginning before October 1,
                            2026, as determined in subparagraph (D) by the
                            Secretary; or
                                ``(ii) of $500 or less during the most
                            recent fiscal year beginning on or after
                            October 1, 2026; and''.
        (b) Restriction on Length of Routes.--
                (1) In general.--Section 41732(a)(1) of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended by inserting ``less than 650 miles from
            an eligible place (unless such airport or eligible place are
            located in a non-contiguous State)'' after ``hub airport''.
                (2) Exception.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall
            not apply to an eligible place that is served by an air carrier
            selected to receive essential air service compensation under
            subchapter II of chapter 417 of title 49, if--
                        (A) such service is in effect upon the date of
                    enactment of this Act; and
                        (B) such service is provided by the same air
                    carrier that provided service on the date of enactment
                    of this Act.
                (3) Sunset.--Paragraph (2) shall cease to have effect after
            September 30, 2028.
        (c) Applicant Selection Considerations.--Section 41733(c)(1) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``giving substantial weight to'' and
            inserting ``including'';
                (2) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (3) in subparagraph (F) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; and''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(G) the total compensation proposed by the air carrier
            for providing scheduled air service under this section.''.
        (d) Cost Share.--
                (1) Section 41737.--Section 41737(a)(1) of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (E) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(F) require that, for a contract to provide air service
            that is entered into or renewed under this subchapter after
            September 30, 2026, the Government's share of the compensation
            is 95 percent.''.
                (2) Section 41731.--Section 41731 of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (c) by inserting ``and section
                    41737(a)(1)(F)'' after ``subsection (a)(1)''; and
                        (B) in subsection (d) by inserting ``and section
                    41737(a)(1)(F)'' after ``Subsection (a)(1)(B)''.
        (e) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that route
    structures to rural airports serve a critical function to our Nation by
    connecting many of our military installations to major regional airline
    hubs.

    SEC. 772. ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE AUTHORIZATION.

        Section 41742(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``$155,000,000 for fiscal year 2018'' an all that follows
    through ``$172,000,000 for fiscal year 2023'' and inserting
    ``$332,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, $312,000,000 for fiscal year 2025,
    $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, $265,000,000 for fiscal year 2027,
    and $252,000,000 for fiscal year 2028''.

    SEC. 773. SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM REFORM AND
                  AUTHORIZATION.

        (a) Same Projects Limit.--Section 41743(c)(4)(B) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``10-year'' and inserting
    ``6-year''.
        (b) Priorities.--Section 41743(c)(5) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (G) as
            subparagraphs (C) through (H), respectively; and
                (2) by adding after subparagraph (A) the following--
                        ``(B) the community has demonstrated support from
                    at least 1 air carrier to provide service;''.
        (c) Authorization.--Section 41743(e)(2) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''.

    SEC. 774. GAO STUDY ON INCREASED COSTS OF ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE.

        (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study of the change in costs of the essential air service
    program under sections 41731 through 41742 of title 49, United States
    Code.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall--
                (1) assess trends in costs of the essential air service
            program under sections 41731 through 41742 of title 49, United
            States Code, over the 10-year period ending on the date of
            enactment of this Act;
                (2) review potential causes for the increased cost of the
            essential air service program, including--
                        (A) labor costs;
                        (B) fuel costs;
                        (C) aging aircraft costs;
                        (D) air carrier opportunity costs; and
                        (E) airport costs; and
                (3) assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
            costs of the essential air service program under sections 41731
            through 41742 of title 49, United States Code.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    a report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 775. RESPONSE TIME FOR APPLICATIONS TO PROVIDE ESSENTIAL AIR
                  SERVICE.

        The Secretary of Transportation shall take such actions as are
    necessary to respond with an approval or denial of any application
    filed by an applicant to provide essential air service under subchapter
    II of chapter 417 of title 49, United States Code, to the greatest
    extent practicable no later than 6 months after receiving such
    application.

    SEC. 776. GAO STUDY ON CERTAIN AIRPORT DELAYS.

        The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study
    on flight delays in the States of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut
    and the possible causes of such delays.

    SEC. 777. REPORT ON RESTORATION OF SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of the Department of Transportation shall
    enter into the appropriate arrangements with the National Academies to
    conduct a study on the loss of commercial air service in small
    communities in the United States and options to restore such service.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study required under subsection
    (a), that National Academies shall--
                (1) assess the reduction of scheduled commercial air
            service to small communities over a 5-year period ending on the
            date of enactment of this Act, to include small communities
            that have lost all scheduled commercial air service;
                (2) review economic trends that have resulted in reduction
            or loss of scheduled commercial air service to such
            communities;
                (3) review the economic losses of such communities who have
            suffered a reduction or loss of scheduled commercial air
            service;
                (4) identify the causes that prompted air carriers to
            reduce or eliminate scheduled commercial air service to such
            communities;
                (5) assess the impact of changing aircraft economics; and
                (6) identify recommendations that can be implemented by
            such communities or Federal, State, or local agencies to aid in
            the restoration or replacement of scheduled commercial air
            service.
        (c) Case Studies.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the National Academies shall assess not fewer than 7
    communities that have lost commercial air service or have had
    commercial air service significantly reduced in the past 15 years,
    including--
                (1) Williamsport Regional Airport;
                (2) Alamogordo-White Sands Regional Airport; and
                (3) Chautauqua County Jamestown Airport.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the National Academies shall submit to the Secretary, the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science and
    Transportation of the Senate a report containing--
                (1) the results of the study described in subsection (a);
            and
                (2) recommendations to Congress and communities on action
            that can be taken to improve or restore scheduled commercial
            service to small communities.

                           TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

    SEC. 801. DIGITALIZATION OF FAA PROCESSES.

        (a) Identification.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall identify and catalog programs, activities, or
    processes that require paper-based information exchange between--
                (1) external entities and the Administration; or
                (2) offices within the Administration.
        (b) Digitalization.--On an ongoing basis, and as appropriate, the
    Administrator shall transition the paper-based processes identified
    under subsection (a) to processes that support secure digital
    information submission, exchange, collaboration, and approval.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after completing the required
    identification and catalog in subsection (a), the Administrator shall
    brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
    of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the programs, activities, and processes
    identified under subsection (a) and such programs, activities, and
    processes that have been identified for transition under subsection
    (b).

    SEC. 802. FAA TELEWORK.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration--
                (1) may establish telework policies for employees that
            allow for the Administration to reduce the office footprint and
            associated expenses of the Administration, increase workforce
            retention, and provide flexibilities that the Administrator
            believes increases efficiency and effectiveness of the
            Administration, while requiring that any such policy--
                        (A) does not adversely impact the mission of the
                    Administration;
                        (B) does not reduce the safety and efficiency of
                    the national airspace system;
                        (C) for any employee that is designated as an
                    officer or executive in the Federal Aviation
                    Administration Executive System or a political
                    appointee (as such term is defined in section 106 of
                    title 49, United States Code)--
                                (i) maximizes time at a duty station for
                            such employee, excluding official travel; and
                                (ii) may include telework provisions as
                            determined appropriate by the Administrator,
                            commensurate with official duties for such
                            employee;
                        (D) provides for on-the-job training opportunities
                    for Administration personnel that are not less than
                    such opportunities available in 2019;
                        (E) reflects the appropriate work status of
                    employees based on the job functions of such employee;
                        (F) optimizes the work status of inspectors,
                    investigators, and other personnel performing safety-
                    related functions to ensure timely completion of safety
                    oversight activities;
                        (G) provides for personnel, including such
                    personnel performing work related to aircraft
                    certification and flight standards, who are responsible
                    for actively working with regulated entities, external
                    stakeholders, or other members of the public to be--
                                (i) routinely available on a predictable
                            basis for in-person and virtual communications
                            with external persons; and
                                (ii) not hindered from meeting with,
                            visiting, auditing, or inspecting facilities or
                            projects of regulated persons due to any
                            telework policy; and
                        (H) provides offices of the Administration
                    opportunities for in-person dialogue, collaboration,
                    and ideation for all employees;
                (2) ensures that locality pay for an employee of the
            Administrator accurately reflects the telework status and duty
            station of such employee;
                (3) may not establish a telework policy for an employee of
            the Administration unless such employee will be provided with
            secure network capacity, communications tools, necessary and
            secure access to appropriate agency data assets and Federal
            records, and equipment sufficient to enable such employee to be
            fully productive; and
                (4) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
            this Act, shall evaluate and address any telework policies in
            effect on the day before such date of enactment to ensure that
            such policies meet the requirements of paragraph (1).
        (b) Congressional Update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and 1 year thereafter, the Administrator shall
    brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
    of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on any telework policies currently in
    place, the implementation of such policies, and the benefits of such
    policies.
        (c) Consultation.--If the Administrator determines that telework
    agreements must be updated to implement the requirements of subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall, prior to updating such agreements,
    consult with--
                (1) exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic
            controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United
            States Code; and
                (2) labor organizations certified under such section as the
            exclusive bargaining representative of airway transportation
            systems specialists and aviation safety inspectors and
            engineers of the Federal Aviation Administration.

    SEC. 803. REVIEW OF OFFICE SPACE.

        (a) FAA Review.--
                (1) Initiation of review.--Not later than 30 months after
            the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
            Transportation shall initiate an inventory review of the
            domestic office footprint of the Department of Transportation.
                (2) Completion of review.--Not later than 40 months after
            the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall complete
            the inventory review required under paragraph (1).
        (b) Contents of Review.--In completing the review under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall--
                (1) delineate the domestic office footprint into units of
            property, as determined appropriate by the Secretary;
                (2) determine unit adequacy related to--
                        (A) the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 (42
                    U.S.C. 4151 et seq.) and the corresponding
                    accessibility guidelines established under part 1191 of
                    title 36, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                        (B) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42
                    U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);
                (3) determine the feasible occupancy of each such unit, and
            provide the methodology used to make the determination;
                (4) determine the number of individuals who are full-time
            equivalent employees, other employees, or contractors that have
            each such unit as a duty station and determine how telework
            policies will impact the usage of each such unit;
                (5) calculate the amount of available, unused, or
            underutilized space in each such unit;
                (6) consider any lease terms for leased units contained in
            the domestic office footprint, including cost and effective
            dates for each such leased unit; and
                (7) based on the findings in paragraphs (2) through (6),
            and any other metrics the Secretary determines relevant,
            provide recommendations for optimizing the use of units of
            property across the Department in consultation with appropriate
            employee labor representatives.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 months after completing the review
    under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    final report that proposes opportunities to optimize the domestic
    office footprint of the Administration (and associated costs). In
    compiling such final report, the Secretary shall describe opportunities
    for--
                (1) consolidation of offices within a reasonable distance
            from one another;
                (2) the collocation of regional or satellite offices of
            separate modes of the Department, including the cost benefits
            of shared amenities; and
                (3) the use of coworking spaces instead of permanent
            offices.
        (d) Definition of Domestic Office Footprint.--In this section, the
    term ``domestic office footprint'' means buildings, offices,
    facilities, and other real property rented, owned, or occupied by the
    Administration or Department--
                (1) in which employees report for permanent or temporary
            duty that are not being used for active operations of the air
            traffic control system; and
                (2) which are located within the United States.

    SEC. 804. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT REDUCTION TASK FORCE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a task force to identify ways to safely
    reduce covered aircraft weight for purposes of reducing fuel burn.
        (b) Composition.--The task force established under subsection (a)
    shall consist of not more than 20 individuals and shall include
    representatives of--
                (1) the Federal Aviation Administration;
                (2) other Federal agencies as the Administrator determines
            appropriate;
                (3) air carriers;
                (4) certified labor organizations representing flight
            attendants at air carriers operating under part 121 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                (5) certified labor organizations representing aircraft
            maintenance technicians;
                (6) certified labor organizations representing other
            aviation workers, as appropriate; and
                (7) aerospace manufacturers.
        (c) Review.--The task force established under subsection (a) shall
    review and evaluate--
                (1) regulations, requirements, advisory circulars, orders,
            or other such directives of the Administration related to
            covered aircraft or covered aircraft operations that may
            inhibit certification of new materials, manufacturing
            processes, components, or technologies that could reduce
            aircraft weight or increase fuel efficiency without decreasing
            safety;
                (2) aspects of covered aircraft design that are outdated or
            underutilized on the date of enactment of this Act that may
            unnecessarily increase covered aircraft weight or reduce
            aircraft fuel efficiency that are not necessary for the safe
            operation of such aircraft;
                (3) novel technologies and manufacturing processes,
            including the use of advanced materials, that can safely be
            used in the construction or modification of covered aircraft,
            including a component or the interior of such aircraft, to
            reduce weight or improve fuel efficiency; and
                (4) nonproprietary methods that air carriers have used to
            safely decrease covered aircraft weight or improve fuel
            efficiency.
        (d) Report.--
                (1) Task force report.--
                        (A) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the
                    establishment of the task force under subsection (a),
                    the task force shall submit a report on the findings
                    and results of the review and evaluation conducted
                    under subsection (c) to the Administrator.
                        (B) Recommendations.--In submitting the report
                    required under subparagraph (A), the task force shall
                    include recommendations--
                                (i) on actions the Administrator may take
                            to updated regulations, processes, advisory
                            circulars, orders, or other such directions of
                            the Administration to enable the certification
                            of new materials, components, manufacturing
                            processes, or technologies that may allow for
                            the safe reduction of covered aircraft weight
                            or the improvement of fuel efficiency; and
                                (ii) on best practices for air carriers and
                            aerospace manufacturers to certify such
                            materials, components, manufacturing processes,
                            or technologies.
                        (C) Approximation of benefits.--For each
                    recommendation made under subparagraph (B), the task
                    force shall approximate the fuel savings that could be
                    expected if such recommendation was adopted.
                        (D) Submission to congress.--Not later than 3 days
                    after receipt of the report required under subparagraph
                    (A), the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
                    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
                    and Transportation of the Senate the report and
                    recommendations.
                (2) FAA report.--Not later than 120 days after submission
            of the report under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall
            submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report--
                        (A) describing the recommendations of the task
                    force with which the Administrator fully concurs,
                    partially concurs, or does not concur;
                        (B) detailing, for the recommendations with which
                    the Administrator fully or partially concurs--
                                (i) a timeline for implementing such
                            recommendations; and
                                (ii) possible benefits of using new
                            materials, manufacturing processes, components,
                            or technologies, including fuel savings,
                            increased capacity, or other benefits as
                            determined reasonable by the task force; and
                        (C) explaining, for the recommendations with which
                    the Administrator does not concur, the reason for which
                    the Administrator will not implement such
                    recommendations.
        (e) Sunset.--
                (1) In general.--The task force established under
            subsection (a) shall terminate upon submission of the report
            required under subsection (d)(1)(A).
                (2) Exception.--The Administrator may choose to extend such
            task force after the submission of the report required under
            subsection (d)(1)(A), if the Administrator determines that such
            an extension would be in the public interest.
        (f) Definition.--In this section:
                (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' means an air
            carrier (as such term is defined in section 40102 of title 49,
            United States Code) that holds a certificate issued under part
            121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (2) Aircraft weight.--The term ``aircraft weight'' means
            the gross weight of a covered aircraft in operation.
                (3) Covered aircraft.--The term ``covered aircraft'' means
            an aircraft that is operated by an air carrier that is
            operating pursuant to a certificate issued under part 121 of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 805. AUDIT OF TECHNICAL WRITING RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES.

        (a) Audit by Inspector General.--Not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department
    of Transportation shall initiate an audit of the technical writing
    resources and capabilities of the Federal Aviation Administration as
    such resources and capabilities relate to producing rulemaking, policy,
    and guidance, to--
                (1) determine if such resources and capabilities are
            adequate; and
                (2) make recommendations for improvement of such resources
            and capabilities.
        (b) Review.--In conducting the review required under subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall evaluate the technical writing
    resources and capabilities of the Administration in each line of
    business of the Administration, the Office of Policy, International
    Affairs, and Environment, and the Office of the Chief Counsel,
    including by reviewing--
                (1) the process and resources required to produce initial
            drafts of rulemaking, policy, and guidance documents;
                (2) the quality of such initial drafts;
                (3) the amount of edits that are required throughout the
            production of rulemaking, policy, and guidance documents;
                (4) writing support and education tools provided to
            engineers, managers, and other technical staff of the
            Administration involved in writing or editing such documents;
            and
                (5) whether--
                        (A) the Administration has and adheres to best
                    practices for the drafting of rulemaking, policy, and
                    guidance documents; and
                        (B) such best practices are--
                                (i) easily accessible and understandable by
                            employees of the Administration; and
                                (ii) reflect modern writing conventions.
        (c) Recommendations.--In making the recommendations required under
    subsection (a)(2), the inspector general shall make recommendations to
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on how to
    improve the quality of written rulemaking, policy, and guidance
    documents and the speed at which such documents can be produced,
    internally reviewed, and approved.
        (d) Deconflicting Scope.--The inspector general shall ensure that
    the audit required under subsection (a) does not duplicate the
    evaluation required under section 125, except to the extent that
    duplication is necessary to fully evaluate the technical writing
    resources and capabilities of the Administration.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the inspector general
    initiates the audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall
    submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the audit,
    including findings and recommendations.

    SEC. 806. FAA PARTICIPATION IN INDUSTRY STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall ensure the participation of employees of the
    Administration in the activities of recognized industry standards
    organizations to advance the adoption, reference, and acceptance rate
    of standards and means of compliance developed by such organizations by
    the Administrator.
        (b) Participation.--An employee directed by the Administrator to
    participate in a working group, task group, committee, or similar body
    of a recognized industry standards organization shall--
                (1) actively participate in the discussions and work of
            such organization;
                (2) accurately represent the position of the Administration
            on the subject matter of such discussions and work;
                (3) contribute to the development of work products of such
            organization, unless determined to be inappropriate by such
            organization;
                (4) make reasonable efforts to identify and make any
            concerns of the Administration relating to such work products
            known to such organization, including through providing formal
            comments, as may be allowed for under the procedures of such
            organization;
                (5) provide regular updates to other Administration
            employees and management on the progress of such work products;
            and
                (6) seek advice and input from other Administration
            employees and management, as needed.
        (c) Invitations.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator may accept an invitation
            to participate in and contribute to the work of a recognized
            industry standards organization as described in subsection (b).
                (2) Declination of invitation.--If the Administrator
            declines an invitation described in paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall provide--
                        (A) the recognized industry standards organization
                    a written response to the invitation that articulates
                    the reasons for declining the invitation; and
                        (B) a copy of such written response to the
                    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
                    Science, and Transportation of the Senate not later
                    than 5 days after providing the response to such
                    organization under subparagraph (A).
        (d) Recognized Industry Standards Organization Defined.--In this
    section, the term ``recognized industry standards organization'' means
    a domestic or international organization that--
                (1) uses agreed upon procedures to develop aviation-related
            industry standards or means of compliance, particularly
            standards or means of compliance that satisfy Administration
            requirements or guidance;
                (2) is comprised of members of the public, including
            subject matter experts, industry representatives, academics and
            researchers, and government employees; and
                (3) has had at least one standard or means of compliance
            accepted by the Administrator or referenced in guidance
            material or a regulation issued by the Federal Aviation
            Administration after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--
            Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (Public Law 108-176).

    SEC. 807. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON USE OF VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STANDARDS.

        It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration should make every effort to abide by the
    policies set forth in the Office of Management and Budget Circular A-
    119, titled ``Federal Participation in the Development and Use of
    Voluntary Consensus Standards and Conformity Assessment Activities''.

    SEC. 808. REQUIRED DESIGNATION.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
    designate any aviation rulemaking committee convened under this Act
    pursuant to section 106(p)(5) of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 809. SENSITIVE SECURITY INFORMATION.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 401 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 40118 the following:
    ``Sec. 40119. Sensitive security information
        ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 552 of title 5, the
    Secretary of Transportation shall issue regulations prohibiting the
    disclosure of information obtained or developed in the process of
    ensuring security under this title if the Secretary determines that
    disclosing the information would--
                ``(1) be an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
                ``(2) reveal a trade secret or privileged or confidential
            commercial or financial information; or
                ``(3) be detrimental to transportation safety.
        ``(b) Withheld Information.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Secretary shall ensure that the prohibitions described in such
    subsection do not apply to any information provided to a committee of
    Congress authorized to have such information, including the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Science,
    Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee
    on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
        ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be
    construed to authorize the designation of information as sensitive
    security information (as defined in section 15.5 of title 49, Code of
    Federal Regulations) to--
                ``(1) conceal--
                        ``(A) a violation of law;
                        ``(B) inefficiency; or
                        ``(C) an administrative error;
                ``(2) prevent embarrassment to a person, organization, or
            governmental agency;
                ``(3) restrain competition; or
                ``(4) prevent or delay the release of information that does
            not require protection in the interest of transportation
            security, including basic scientific research information not
            clearly related to transportation security.
        ``(d) Nondisclosure.--Section 552a of title 5 shall not apply to
    disclosures that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration may make from the systems of records of the
    Administration to any Federal law enforcement, intelligence, protective
    service, immigration, or national security official in order to assist
    the official receiving the information in the performance of official
    duties.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 401 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item related to section
    40119 and inserting the following:

    ``40119. Sensitive security information.''.

    SEC. 810. PRESERVING OPEN SKIES WHILE ENSURING FAIR SKIES.

        (a) Addition of Labor Standards.--Section 40101 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(17) preventing the undermining of labor standards.'';
            and
                (2) in subsection (e) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(11) preventing the undermining of labor standards.''.
        (b) Update to Foreign Air Carrier Permits.--Section 41302(2)(B) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``the foreign air
    transportation'' and inserting ``after considering the totality of the
    circumstances, including the matters described in section 40101(a), the
    foreign air transportation''.
        (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section, or the amendments
    made by this section, shall be construed to affect the validity of a
    foreign air carrier permit held, or air transport agreement in place,
    on the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 811. COMMERCIAL PREFERENCE.

        Section 40110(d) of title 49, United States Code, is further
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and implement'' and
            inserting ``, implement, and periodically update'';
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``the new acquisition
            management system developed and implemented'' and inserting
            ``the acquisition management system developed, implemented, and
            periodically updated'' each place it appears;
                (3) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``new''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``and implemented'' and
                            inserting ``, implemented, and periodically
                            updated''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``Within'' and
                    all that follows through ``the Administrator'' and
                    inserting ``The Administrator'';
                (4) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and
                (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
                ``(4) Commercial products and services.--In implementing
            and updating the acquisition management system pursuant to
            paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, whenever possible--
                        ``(A) describe the requirements with respect to a
                    solicitation for the procurement of supplies or
                    services in terms of--
                                ``(i) functions to be performed;
                                ``(ii) performance required; or
                                ``(iii) essential physical and system
                            characteristics;
                        ``(B) ensure that commercial services or commercial
                    products may be procured to fulfill such solicitation,
                    or to the extent that commercial products suitable to
                    meet the needs of the Administration are not available,
                    ensure that nondevelopmental items other than
                    commercial products may be procured to fulfill such
                    solicitation;
                        ``(C) provide offerors of commercial services,
                    commercial products, and nondevelopmental items other
                    than commercial products an opportunity to compete in
                    any solicitation for the procurement of supplies or
                    services;
                        ``(D) revise the procurement policies, practices,
                    and procedures of the Administration to reduce any
                    impediments to the acquisition of commercial products
                    and commercial services;
                        ``(E) ensure that any procurement of new equipment
                    takes into account the life cycle, reliability,
                    performance, service support, and costs to guarantee
                    the acquisition of equipment that is of high quality
                    and reliability resulting in greater performance and
                    cost-related benefits for airports; and
                        ``(F) ensure that procurement officials--
                                ``(i) acquire commercial services,
                            commercial products, or nondevelopmental items
                            other than commercial products to meet the
                            needs of the Administration;
                                ``(ii) in a solicitation for the
                            procurement of supplies or services, state the
                            specifications for such supplies or services in
                            terms that enable and encourage bidders and
                            offerors to supply commercial services or
                            commercial products, or to the extent that
                            commercial products suitable to meet the needs
                            of the Administration are not available, to
                            supply nondevelopmental items other than
                            commercial products;
                                ``(iii) require that prime contractors and
                            subcontractors at all levels under contracts
                            with the Administration incorporate commercial
                            services, commercial products, or
                            nondevelopmental items other than commercial
                            products as components of items supplied to the
                            Administration;
                                ``(iv) modify procurement requirements in
                            appropriate circumstances to ensure that such
                            requirements can be met by commercial services
                            or commercial products, or to the extent that
                            commercial products suitable to meet the needs
                            of the Administration are not available,
                            nondevelopmental items other than commercial
                            products; and
                                ``(v) require training of appropriate
                            personnel in the acquisition of commercial
                            products and commercial services.''.

    SEC. 812. CONSIDERATION OF THIRD-PARTY SERVICES.

        (a) Plans and Policy.--Section 44501 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``development and
            location of air navigation facilities'' and inserting
            ``development of air navigation facilities and services''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``and development'' and inserting
                    ``procurement, and development'' each place it appears;
                        (B) by striking ``facilities and equipment'' and
                    inserting ``facilities, services, and equipment'';
                        (C) by striking ``first and 2d years'' and
                    inserting ``first and second years'';
                        (D) by striking ``subclauses (A) and (B) of this
                    clause'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (A) and (B)'';
                        (E) by striking ``the 3d, 4th, and 5th'' and
                    inserting ``the third, fourth, and fifth'';
                        (F) by striking ``systems and facilities'' and
                    inserting ``systems, services, and facilities''; and
                        (G) by striking ``growth of aviation'' and
                    inserting ``growth of the aerospace industry''.
        (b) Systems, Procedures, Facilities, and Devices.--Section 44505 of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``develop, alter'' and inserting
                    ``develop when necessary, alter''; and
                        (B) by striking ``and devices'' and inserting
                    ``services, and devices'' each place it appears; and
                (2) in subsection (b) by striking ``develop dynamic
            simulation models'' and inserting ``develop or procure dynamic
            simulation models and tools'' each place it appears.

    SEC. 813. CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORIZATION OR WAIVER.

        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration, may issue a certificate of
    authorization or waiver to a person to operate an aircraft within an
    area covered by a temporary flight restriction under such conditions as
    the Administrator may prescribe, except for airspace that is subject to
    a permanent, continuous flight restriction, unless the authorization or
    waiver is issued to the entity for which the flight restriction was
    created.
        (b) Special Considerations.--If a temporary flight restriction is
    related to a sporting event and issued pursuant to section 541 of
    division F of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (49 U.S.C.
    40103 note), the conditions prescribed by the Administrator under
    subsection (a) shall include the following:
                (1) A minimum distance from the center of the temporary
            flight restriction, which shall not be greater than 0.75
            nautical miles, unless the Administrator determines, on a case
            by case basis, that such mileage is insufficient to maintain
            public safety.
                (2) The person may not operate an aircraft (except for a
            purpose described under section 521 of division F of the
            Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (49 U.S.C. 40103 note))
            for a purpose that the Secretary determines is directly related
            to the event for which the temporary flight restriction is
            active.
        (c) Required Coordination.--
                (1) In general.--On an annual basis, the Administrator
            shall convene a meeting with representatives of Administration-
            approved air shows, the general aviation community, stadiums
            and other large outdoor events and venues or organizations that
            run such events, the Department of Homeland Security, and the
            Department of Justice--
                        (A) to identify scheduling conflicts between
                    Administration-approved air shows and large outdoor
                    events and venues where--
                                (i) flight restrictions will be imposed
                            pursuant to section 521 of division F of the
                            Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (49
                            U.S.C. 40103 note); or
                                (ii) any other restriction will be imposed
                            pursuant to Federal Aviation Administration
                            Flight Data Center Notice to Airmen 4/3621 (or
                            any successor notice to airmen); and
                        (B) in instances where a scheduling conflict
                    between events is identified or is found to be likely
                    to occur, develop appropriate operational and
                    communication procedures to ensure for the safety and
                    security of both events, pursuant to the authority
                    prescribed in subsection (a).
                (2) Scheduling conflict.--If the Administrator or any other
            stakeholder party to the required annual coordination required
            in paragraph (1) identifies a scheduling conflict outside of
            the annual meeting at any point prior to the scheduling
            conflict, the Administrator shall work with impacted
            stakeholders to develop appropriate operational and
            communication procedures to ensure for the safety and security
            of both events, pursuant to the authority prescribed in
            subsection (a).
                (3) Notice.--Prior to issuing a certificate of
            authorization or waiver pursuant to subsection (a), the
            Administrator shall give appropriate due notice to impacted
            stakeholders and develop appropriate operational and
            communication procedures to ensure for the safety and security
            of all impacted events, pursuant to the authority prescribed in
            subsection (a).
        (d) Briefing.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall brief the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the
    implementation of this section, including the number and nature of
    certificates of authorization or waiver that have been issued under
    subsection (a) subject to restrictions under subsection (b).
        (e) Operational Purposes.--Section 521(a)(2)(B)(ii) of division F
    of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (49 U.S.C. 40103 note) is
    amended by inserting ``(or attendees approved by)'' after ``guests''.

    SEC. 814. WING-IN-GROUND-EFFECT CRAFT.

        (a) Memorandum of Understanding.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 24 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration and the Commandant of the Coast Guard
            shall execute a memorandum of understanding governing the
            specific roles, delineations of responsibilities, resources,
            and commitments of the Federal Aviation Administration and the
            Coast Guard, respectively, pertaining to wing-in-ground-effect
            craft that are--
                        (A) only capable of operating either in water or in
                    ground effect over water; and
                        (B) operated exclusively over waters subject to the
                    jurisdiction of the United States.
                (2) Contents.--The memorandum of understanding described in
            paragraph (1) shall--
                        (A) cover the processes the Federal Aviation
                    Administration and the United States Coast Guard will
                    follow to promote communications, efficiency, and
                    nonduplication of effort in carrying out such
                    memorandum of understanding;
                        (B) account for the special rule in accordance with
                    subsection (b); and
                        (C) provide procedures for, at a minimum, the
                    following:
                                (i) Approval of wing-in-ground-effect craft
                            designs.
                                (ii) Operations of wing-in-ground-effect
                            craft.
                                (iii) Pilotage of wing-in-ground-effect
                            craft.
                                (iv) Inspections of wing-in-ground-effect
                            craft.
                                (v) Maintenance of wing-in-ground-effect
                            craft.
        (b) Special Rule Prohibiting Secretary From Regulating Certain WIG
    Craft Operators as Air Carriers.--Notwithstanding any other provision
    of law or regulation, the Secretary of Transportation may not regulate
    an operator of a wing-in-ground-effect craft as an air carrier (as such
    term is defined in section 40102(a) of title 49, United States Code).
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to--
                (1) limit the authority of the Secretary or the
            Administrator to regulate aircraft that are not wing-in-ground-
            effect craft, including aircraft that are--
                        (A) capable of the operations described in
                    subsection (d); and
                        (B) capable of sustained flight out of ground
                    effect;
                (2) confer upon the Commandant the authority to determine
            the impact of any civil aircraft operation on the safety or
            efficiency of the National Airspace System; or
                (3) confer upon the Administrator the authority to issue a
            certificate of documentation, with or without a registry,
            fishery or coastwise endorsement, for, or inspect any vessel as
            that term is defined in section 115 of title 46, United States
            Code.
        (d) Wing-in-ground-effect Craft Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``wing-in-ground-effect craft'' means a craft that is capable of
    operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air
    cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between
    the craft and the surface of the water.

    SEC. 815. QUASQUICENTENNIAL OF AVIATION.

        (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
                (1) December 17, 2028, is the 125th anniversary of the
            first successful manned, free, controlled, and sustained flight
            by an aircraft.
                (2) The first flight by Orville and Wilbur Wright in Kitty
            Hawk, North Carolina, is a defining moment in the history of
            the United States and the world.
                (3) The Wright brothers' achievement is a testament to
            their ingenuity, perseverance, and commitment to innovation,
            which has inspired generations of aviators and scientists
            alike.
                (4) The advent of aviation and the air transportation
            industry has fundamentally transformed the United States and
            the world for the better.
                (5) The 125th anniversary of the Wright brothers' first
            flight is worthy of recognition and celebration to honor their
            legacy and to inspire a new generation of Americans as aviation
            reaches an inflection point of innovation and change.
        (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the
    Secretary of Transportation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration, and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies
    should facilitate and participate in local, national, and international
    observances and activities that commemorate and celebrate the 125th
    anniversary of powered flight.

    SEC. 816. FEDERAL CONTRACT TOWER WAGE DETERMINATIONS AND POSITIONS.

        The Secretary of Transportation shall request that the Secretary of
    Labor--
                (1) review and update, as necessary, including to account
            for cost-of-living adjustments, the basis for the wage
            determination for air traffic controllers who are employed at
            air traffic control towers operated under the Contract Tower
            Program established under section 47124 of title 49, United
            States Code;
                (2) create a new wage determination category or occupation
            code for managers of air traffic controllers who are employed
            at air traffic control towers in the Contract Tower Program;
            and
                (3) consult with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration in carrying out the requirements of paragraphs
            (1) and (2).

    SEC. 817. INTERNAL PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS REVIEW.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of
    Transportation shall review the coordination and approval processes of
    non-regulatory materials produced by the Federal Aviation
    Administration to improve the timeliness, transparency, development,
    and issuance of such materials.
        (b) Contents of Review.--In conducting the review under subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall--
                (1) provide recommendations for improving processes and
            eliminating nonvalue-added reviews of non-regulatory materials
            within the Federal Aviation Administration and Department of
            Transportation, in consideration of the authority of the
            Administrator under section 106 of title 49, United States
            Code, and other applicable laws;
                (2) consider, with respect to each office within the
            Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of
            Transportation that reviews non-regulatory materials--
                        (A) the timeline assigned to each such office to
                    complete the review of such materials;
                        (B) the actual time spent for such review; and
                        (C) opportunities to reduce the actual time spent
                    for such review;
                (3) describe any organizational changes and additional
            resources that the Administration needs, if necessary, to
            reduce delays in the development and publication of proposed
            non-regulatory materials;
                (4) consider to what extent reporting mechanisms and
            templates could be used to provide the public with more
            consistent information on the development status of non-
            regulatory materials;
                (5) consider changes to the application of rules governing
            ex parte communications by the Administrator to provide
            flexibility for employees of the Administration to discuss non-
            regulatory materials with aviation stakeholders and foreign
            aviation authorities to promote United States aviation
            leadership;
                (6) recommend methods by which the Administration can
            incorporate standards set by recognized industry standards
            organizations, as such term is defined in section 806, into
            non-regulatory materials to keep pace with rapid changes in
            aerospace technology and processes; and
                (7) evaluate the processes and best practices other civil
            aviation authorities and other Federal departments and agencies
            use to produce non-regulatory materials, particularly the
            processes of entities that produce such materials in an
            expedited fashion to respond to safety risks, incidents, or new
            technology adoption.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the review under subsection (a),
    the inspector general may, as appropriate, consult with industry
    stakeholders, academia, and other individuals with relevant background
    or expertise in improving the efficiency of Federal non-regulatory
    material production.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the inspector general
    initiates the review under subsection (a), the inspector general shall
    submit to the Administrator a report on such review.
        (e) Action Plan.--
                (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop an action
            plan to implement the recommendations contained in the report
            submitted under subsection (d).
                (2) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after receiving the
            report under subsection (d), the Administrator shall brief the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the
            Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate on such plan.
        (f) Non-regulatory Materials Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``non-regulatory materials'' means orders, advisory circulars,
    statements of policy, guidance, technical standards, and other
    materials related to aviation safety, training, and operation of
    aeronautical products.

    SEC. 818. ACCEPTANCE OF DIGITAL DRIVER'S LICENSE AND IDENTIFICATION
                  CARDS.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall take
    such actions as may be necessary to accept, in any instance where an
    individual is required to submit government-issued identification to
    the Administrator, a digital or mobile driver's license or
    identification card issued to such individual by a State.

    SEC. 819. BUCKEYE 940 RELEASE OF DEED RESTRICTIONS.

        (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to authorize the
    Secretary to issue a Deed of Release from all terms, conditions,
    reservations, restrictions, and obligations contained in the Quitclaim
    Deed and permit the State of Arizona to deposit all proceeds of the
    disposition of Buckeye 940 in the appropriate fund for the benefit of
    the beneficiaries of the Arizona State Land Trust.
        (b) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Buckeye 940.--The term ``Buckeye 940'' means all of
            section 12, T.1 N., R.3 W. and all of adjoining fractional
            section 7, T.1 N., R.2 W., Gila and Salt River Meridian,
            Arizona, which property was the subject of the Quitclaim Deed
            between the United States and the State of Arizona, dated July
            11, 1949, and which is currently owned by the State of Arizona
            and held in trust for the beneficiaries of the Arizona State
            Land Trust.
                (2) Quitclaim deed.--The term ``Quitclaim Deed'' means the
            Quitclaim Deed between the United States and the State of
            Arizona, dated July 11, 1949.
                (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of Transportation.
        (c) Release of Any and All Interest in Buckeye 940.--
                (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, the United States, acting through the Secretary, shall
            issue to the State of Arizona a Deed of Release to release all
            terms, conditions, reservations, restrictions, and obligations
            contained in the Quitclaim Deed, including any and all
            reversionary interest of the United States in Buckeye 940.
                (2) Terms and conditions.--The Deed of Release described in
            paragraph (1) shall be subject to such additional terms and
            conditions, consistent with such paragraph, as the Secretary
            considers appropriate to protect the interests of the United
            States.
                (3) No restriction on use of proceeds.--Notwithstanding any
            other provision of law, the State of Arizona may dispose of
            Buckeye 940 and any proceeds thereof, including proceeds
            already collected by the State and held in a suspense account,
            without regard to any restriction imposed by the Quitclaim Deed
            or by section 155.7 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (4) Mineral reservation.--The Deed of Release described in
            paragraph (1) shall include the release of all interests of the
            United States to the mineral rights on Buckeye 940 included in
            the Quitclaim Deed.

    SEC. 820. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM
                  INTEGRITY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall initiate a review to identify and address aging
    information technology systems within the Administration.
        (b) Contents.--The review required under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) identify and inventory critical software and hardware
            systems of the Administration;
                (2) assess the vulnerabilities of such systems to
            degradation, errors (including human errors), and malicious
            attacks (including cyber attacks); and
                (3) identify upgrades to, or replacements for, such systems
            that are necessary to mitigate such vulnerabilities.
        (c) Mitigation.--The Administrator shall take such action as may be
    necessary to mitigate the vulnerabilities identified under the review
    conducted under subsection (a).
        (d) Leveraging External Expertise.--To the maximum extent
    practicable, the actions carried out pursuant to this section shall--
                (1) be consistent with the acquisition management system
            established and updated pursuant to section 40110(d) of title
            49, United States Code;
                (2) incorporate input from industry, academia, or other
            external experts on information technology; and
                (3) identify technologies in existence or in development
            that, with or without adaptation, are expected to be suitable
            to meet the technical information technology needs of the
            Administration.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report detailing the results of the review required under subsection
    (a).
        (f) Inspector General Review.--
                (1) In general.--After the Administrator completes the
            review under subsection (a), the inspector general of the
            Department of Transportation shall conduct an audit of the
            integrity of the information technology systems of the
            Administration and assess the efforts of the Administration to
            address the Administration's aging information technology
            systems.
                (2) Report.--The inspector general shall submit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the
            audit carried out under this subsection.

    SEC. 821. BRIEFING ON RADIO COMMUNICATIONS COVERAGE AROUND MOUNTAINOUS
                  TERRAIN.

        (a) Briefing Requirement.--Not later than 180 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall provide to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a briefing on the
    radio communications coverage within the airspace surrounding the Mena
    Intermountain Municipal Airport in Mena, Arkansas.
        (b) Briefing Contents.--The briefing required under subsection (a)
    shall include the following:
                (1) The radio communications coverage within the airspace
            surrounding the Mena Intermountain Municipal Airport with the
            applicable Air Route Traffic Control Center.
                (2) The altitudes at which radio communications
            capabilities are lost within such airspace.
                (3) Recommendations on changes that may increase radio
            communications coverage below 4,000 feet above ground level
            within such airspace.

    SEC. 822. STUDY ON CONGESTED AIRSPACE.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a
    study on the efficiency and efficacy of scheduled commercial air
    service transiting congested airspace.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out the study required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall examine--
                (1) various regions of congested airspace and the differing
            factors of such regions;
                (2) commercial air service;
                (3) military flight activity;
                (4) emergency response activity;
                (5) commercial space launch and reentry activities;
                (6) weather; and
                (7) air traffic controller staffing.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study and recommendations to reduce the
    impacts to scheduled air service transiting congested airspace.

    SEC. 823. ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FRANCHISE FUND.

        Title I of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies
    Appropriations Act, 1997 (49 U.S.C. 40113 note) is amended under the
    heading ``Administrative Services Franchise Fund'' by striking ``shall
    be paid in advance'' and inserting ``may be reimbursed after
    performance or paid in advance''.

    SEC. 824. USE OF BIOGRAPHICAL ASSESSMENTS.

        Section 44506(f)(2)(A) of title 49, United States Code, is amended
    by striking ``paragraph (1)(B)(ii)'' and inserting ``paragraph
    (1)(B)''.

    SEC. 825. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION ENFORCEMENT.

        Section 42121(b)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
                ``(5) Enforcement of order.--Whenever any person has failed
            to comply with an order issued under paragraph (3), the
            Secretary of Labor and the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall consult with each other to
            determine the most appropriate action to be taken, in which--
                        ``(A) the Secretary of Labor may file a civil
                    action in the United States district court for the
                    district in which the violation was found to occur to
                    enforce such order, for which, in actions brought under
                    this paragraph, the district courts shall have
                    jurisdiction to grant all appropriate relief including,
                    injunctive relief and compensatory damages; and
                        ``(B) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration may assess a civil penalty pursuant to
                    section 46301.''.

    SEC. 826. FINAL RULEMAKING ON CERTAIN MANUFACTURING STANDARDS.

        Not later than December 16, 2023, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall issue a final rule for the notice of
    proposed rulemaking titled ``Airplane Fuel Efficiency Certification''
    and published June 15, 2022 (RIN 2120-AL54).

    SEC. 827. REMOTE DISPATCH.

        (a) In General.--Section 44711(a) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (9) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (10) by striking the period and inserting
            ``; or''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(11) work as an aircraft dispatcher outside of a physical
            location designated as a dispatching center or flight following
            center of an air carrier, except as provided under section
            44747.''.
        (b) Aircraft Dispatching.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States
    Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44747. Aircraft dispatching
        ``(a) Aircraft Dispatching Certificate.--No person may serve as an
    aircraft dispatcher for an air carrier unless that person holds the
    appropriate aircraft dispatcher certificate issued by the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        ``(b) Proof of Certificate.--Upon the request of the Administrator
    or an authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety
    Board, or other appropriate Federal agency, a person who holds such a
    certificate, and is performing dispatching shall present the
    certificate for inspection.
        ``(c) Dispatch Centers and Flight Following Centers.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--Air carriers shall establish and
            maintain sufficient dispatch centers and flight following
            centers necessary to maintain operational control of each
            flight at all times.
                ``(2) Requirements.--Air carrier dispatch centers and
            flight following centers shall--
                        ``(A) have a sufficient number of aircraft
                    dispatchers at dispatch centers and flight following
                    centers to ensure proper operational control of each
                    flight at all times;
                        ``(B) have the equipment necessary and in good
                    repair to maintain proper operational control of each
                    flight at all times; and
                        ``(C) include appropriate physical and
                    cybersecurity protections, as determined by the
                    Administrator.
                ``(3) Location limitation.--No air carrier may dispatch
            aircraft from any location other than the designated dispatch
            centers or flight following centers of such air carrier.
        ``(d) Emergency Authority for Remote Dispatching.--Notwithstanding
    subsection (c), an air carrier may dispatch aircraft from locations
    other than from designated dispatch centers or flight following centers
    for a limited period of time in the event of an emergency or other
    event that renders a center inoperable. An air carrier may not dispatch
    aircraft under the emergency authority under this subsection for longer
    than 30 consecutive days without the approval of the Administrator.''.
        (c) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``44747. Aircraft dispatching.''.

    SEC. 828. EMPLOYEE ASSAULT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANS AMENDMENT.

        Section 551 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 44903
    note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than 90 days after the
                    date of enactment of this Act,'' and inserting ``The
                    Administrator shall require''; and
                        (B) by striking ``shall submit to the
                    Administrator'' and inserting ``to submit''; and
                (2) in subsection (c) by striking ``A part 121 air carrier
            shall'' and inserting ``The Administrator shall require a part
            121 air carrier to''.

    SEC. 829. CREW MEMBER SELF-DEFENSE TRAINING.

        Section 44918(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (4) by striking ``Neither'' and inserting
            ``Except as provided in paragraph (8), neither''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Air carrier accommodation.--An air carrier with a
            crew member participating in the training program under this
            subsection shall provide a process through which each such crew
            member may obtain reasonable accommodations.''.

    SEC. 830. FORMAL SEXUAL ASSAULT AND HARASSMENT POLICIES ON AIR CARRIERS
                  AND FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 417 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 41729. Formal sexual assault and harassment policies
        ``(a) Requirement.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this section, each air carrier and foreign air carrier
    transporting passengers for compensation shall issue, in consultation
    with labor unions representing personnel of the air carrier or foreign
    air carrier, a formal policy with respect to transportation sexual
    assault or harassment incidents.
        ``(b) Contents.--The policy required under subsection (a) shall
    include--
                ``(1) a statement indicating that no transportation sexual
            assault or harassment incident is acceptable under any
            circumstance;
                ``(2) procedures that facilitate the reporting of a
            transportation sexual assault or harassment incident,
            including--
                        ``(A) appropriate public outreach activities; and
                        ``(B) confidential phone and internet-based
                    opportunities for reporting;
                ``(3) procedures that personnel should follow upon the
            reporting of a transportation sexual assault or harassment
            incident, including actions to protect affected individuals
            from continued sexual assault or harassment and to notify law
            enforcement when appropriate;
                ``(4) procedures that may limit or prohibit, to the extent
            practicable, future travel with the air carrier or foreign air
            carrier by any passenger who causes a transportation sexual
            assault or harassment incident; and
                ``(5) training that is required for all appropriate
            personnel with respect to the policy required under subsection
            (a), including--
                        ``(A) specific training for personnel who may
                    receive reports of transportation sexual assault or
                    harassment incidents; and
                        ``(B) recognizing and responding to potential human
                    trafficking victims, in the same manner as required
                    under section 44734(a)(4).
        ``(c) Passenger Information.--An air carrier or foreign air carrier
    described in subsection (a) shall prominently display, on the internet
    website of the air carrier or foreign air carrier and through the use
    of appropriate signage, a written statement that informs passengers and
    personnel of the procedure for reporting a transportation sexual
    assault or harassment incident.
        ``(d) Standard of Care.--Compliance with the requirements of this
    section, and any policy issued thereunder, shall not determine whether
    the air carrier or foreign air carrier described in subsection (a) has
    acted with any requisite standard of care.
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Personnel.--The term `personnel' means an employee or
            contractor of an air carrier or foreign air carrier.
                ``(2) Sexual assault.--The term `sexual assault' means the
            occurrence of an act that constitutes any nonconsensual sexual
            act proscribed by Federal, tribal, or State law, including when
            the victim lacks capacity to consent.
                ``(3) Transportation sexual assault or harassment
            incident.--The term `transportation sexual assault or
            harassment incident' means the occurrence, or reasonably
            suspected occurrence, of an act that--
                        ``(A) constitutes sexual assault or sexual
                    harassment; and
                        ``(B) is committed--
                                ``(i) by a passenger or member of personnel
                            of an air carrier or foreign air carrier
                            against another passenger or member of
                            personnel of an air carrier or foreign air
                            carrier; and
                                ``(ii) within an aircraft or in an area in
                            which passengers are entering or exiting an
                            aircraft.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``41729. Formal sexual assault and harassment policies.''.

    SEC. 831. INTERFERENCE WITH SECURITY SCREENING PERSONNEL.

        Section 46503 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``An individual'' and inserting the
            following:
        ``(a) In General.--An individual''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Airport and Air Carrier Employees.--For purposes of this
    section, an airport or air carrier employee who has security duties
    within the airport includes an airport or air carrier employee
    performing ticketing, check-in, baggage claim, or boarding
    functions.''.

    SEC. 832. MECHANISMS TO REDUCE HELICOPTER NOISE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
    initiate a study to examine ways in which a State, territorial, or
    local government may mitigate the negative impacts of commercial
    helicopter noise.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall consider--
                (1) the varying degree of commercial helicopter operations
            in different communities; and
                (2) actions that State, and local governments have taken,
            and authorities such governments have used, to reduce the
            impact of commercial helicopter noise and the success of such
            actions.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall provide to the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration, the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee
    on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the
    findings of the study conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 833. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        (a) Title 49 Analysis.--The analysis for title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking the item relating to subtitle IX and
    inserting the following:

    ``IX. MULTIMODAL FREIGHT
                                TRANSPORTATION..................................
                                ........... 70101''.
        (b) Subtitle I Analysis.--The analysis for subtitle I of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to chapter
    7.
        (c) Subtitle VII Analysis.--The analysis for subtitle VII of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    chapter 448 and inserting the following:

    ``448. Unmanned Aircraft
                                Systems.........................................
                                .......... 44801''.
        (d) Authority to Exempt.--Section 40109(b) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``sections 40103(b)(1) and (2) of
    this title'' and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2) of section
    40103(b)''.
        (e) General Procurement Authority.--Section 40110(d)(3) of title
    49, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (B) by inserting ``, as in effect on
            October 9, 1996'' after ``Policy Act'';
                (2) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``the Office of Federal
            Procurement Policy Act'' and inserting ``division B of subtitle
            I of title 41''; and
                (3) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``section
            27(e)(3)(A)(iv) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy
            Act'' and inserting ``section 2105(c)(1)(D) of title 41''.
        (f) Government-Financed Air Transportation.--Section 40118(g)(1) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``detection and
    reporting of potential human trafficking (as described in paragraphs
    (9) and (10)'' and inserting ``detection and reporting of potential
    severe forms of trafficking in persons and sex trafficking (as such
    terms are defined in paragraphs (11) and (12)''.
        (g) FAA Authority To Conduct Criminal History Record Checks.--
    Section 40130(a)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``(42 U.S.C. 14616)'' and inserting ``(34 U.S.C. 40316)''.
        (h) Submissions of Plans.--Section 41313(c)(16) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``will consult'' and inserting
    ``the foreign air carrier shall consult''.
        (i) Plans and Policy.--Section 44501(c) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)(B)(i), by striking ``40119,''; and
                (2) in paragraph (3) by striking ``Subject to section
            40119(b) of this title and regulations prescribed under section
            40119(b),'' and inserting ``Subject to section 44912(d)(2) and
            regulations prescribed under such section,''.
        (j) Use and Limitation of Amounts.--Section 44508 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``40119,'' each place it
    appears.
        (k) Structures Interfering With Air Commerce or National
    Security.--Section 44718(h) of title 49, United States Code, is amended
    to read as follows:
        ``(h) Definitions.--In this section, the terms `adverse impact on
    military operations and readiness' and `unacceptable risk to the
    national security of the United States' have the meaning given those
    terms in section 183a(h) of title 10.''.
        (l) Meteorological Services.--Section 44720(b)(2) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``the Administrator to persons'' and
            inserting ``the Administrator, to persons''; and
                (2) by striking ``the Administrator and to'' and inserting
            ``the Administrator, and to''.
        (m) Aeronautical Charts.--Section 44721(c)(1) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``1947,'' and inserting ``1947''.
        (n) Flight Attendant Certification.--Section 44728(c) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``Regulation,'' and
    inserting ``Regulations,''.
        (o) Manual Surcharge.--The analysis for chapter 453 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``45306. Manual surcharge.''.
        (p) Schedule of Fees.--Section 45301(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``The Administrator shall establish'' and
    inserting ``The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall establish''.
        (q) Judicial Review.--Section 46110(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``subsection (l) or (s) of section 114''
    and inserting ``subsection (l) or (r) of section 114''.
        (r) Civil Penalties.--Section 46301(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in the heading for paragraph (6), by striking ``Failure
            to collect airport security badges'' and inserting ``Failure to
            collect airport security badges''; and
                (2) in paragraph (7), by striking ``Penalties relating to
            harm to passengers with disabilities'' in the paragraph heading
            and inserting ``Penalties relating to harm to passengers with
            disabilities''.
        (s) Payments Under Project Grant Agreements.--Section 47111(e) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``fee'' and
    inserting ``charge''.
        (t) Agreements for State and Local Operation of Airport
    Facilities.--Section 47124(b)(1)(B)(ii) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking the second period at the end.
        (u) Use of Funds for Repairs for Runway Safety Repairs.--Section
    47144(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``(42 U.S.C. 4121 et seq.)'' and inserting ``(42 U.S.C. 5121 et
    seq.)''.
        (v) Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.--Section 49106 of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)(B) by striking ``and section 49108
            of this title''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(6)(C) by inserting ``the'' before
            ``jurisdiction''.
        (w) Separability and Effect of Judicial Order.--Section 49112(b) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (1); and
                (2) by striking ``(2) Any action'' and inserting ``Any
            action''.

    SEC. 834. TRANSPORTATION OF ORGANS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall convene a
    working group (in this section referred to as the ``working group'') to
    assist in developing best practices for transportation of an organ in
    the cabin of an aircraft operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, and to identify regulations that hinder such
    transportation, if applicable.
        (b) Composition.--The working group shall be comprised of
    representatives from the following:
                (1) Air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations.
                (2) Organ procurement organizations.
                (3) Organ transplant hospitals.
                (4) Flight attendants.
                (5) Other relevant Federal agencies involved in organ
            transportation or air travel.
        (c) Considerations.--In establishing the best practices described
    in subsection (a), the working group shall consider--
                (1) a safe, standardized process for acceptance, handling,
            management, and transportation of an organ in the cabin of such
            aircraft; and
                (2) protocols to ensure the safe and timely transport of an
            organ in the cabin of such aircraft, including through
            connecting flights.
        (d) Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after the convening of
    the working group, such working group shall submit to the Secretary a
    report containing recommendations for the best practices described in
    subsection (a).
        (e) Definition of Organ.--In this section, the term ``organ''--
                (1) has the meaning given such term in section 121.2 of
            title 42, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) includes organ-related tissue.

    SEC. 835. REPORT ON APPLICATION APPROVAL TIMING.

        Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit
    to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report detailing the amount of time the
    application approval process takes for agricultural aircraft operations
    under part 137 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 836. STUDY ON AIR CARGO OPERATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall initiate a study on the economic sustainability of air cargo
    operations.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall address the following:
                (1) Airport and cargo development strategies, including the
            pursuit of new air carriers and plans for physical expansion.
                (2) Key historical statistics for passenger, cargo volumes,
            including freight, express, and mail cargo, and operations,
            including statistics distinguishing between passenger and
            freight operations.
                (3) A description of air cargo facilities, including the
            age and condition of such facilities and the square footage and
            configuration of the landside and airside infrastructure of
            such facilities, and cargo buildings.
                (4) The projected square footage deficit of the cargo
            facilities and infrastructure described in paragraph (3).
                (5) The projected requirements and square footage deficit
            for air cargo support facilities.
                (6) The general physical and operating issues and
            constraints associated with air cargo operations.
                (7) A description of delays in truck bays associated with
            the infrastructure and critical landside issues, including
            truck maneuvering and queuing and parking for employees and
            customers.
                (8) The estimated cost of developing new cargo facilities
            and infrastructure, including the identification of percentages
            for development with a return on investment and without a
            return on investment.
                (9) The projected leasing costs to tenants per square foot
            with and without Federal funding of the non-return on
            investment allocation.
                (10) A description of customs and general staffing issues
            associated with air cargo operations and the impacts of such
            issues on service.
                (11) An assessment of the impact, cost, and estimated cost
            savings of using modern comprehensive communications and
            technology systems in air cargo operations.
                (12) A description of the impact of Federal regulations and
            local enforcement of interdiction and facilitation policies on
            throughput.
        (c) Report.--The Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate the results of the study carried out under this section.

    SEC. 837. NEXT GENERATION RADIO ALTIMETERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration,
    in coordination with industry and other relevant government
    stakeholders, shall carry out an accelerated program to assist with the
    development, testing, and certification of the standards and technology
    necessary to ensure industry and the Administration can certify,
    produce and meet the installation requirements for next generation
    radio altimeters across all necessary aircraft by January 1, 2028.
        (b) Grant Program.--The Administrator may award grants for the
    purposes of research and development, testing, and other activities
    necessary to ensure that next generation radio altimeter technology is
    developed, tested, certified, and installed on necessary aircraft by
    2028, including through public-private partnership grants (which shall
    include protections for necessary intellectual property with respect to
    any private sector entity testing, certifying, or producing next
    generation radio altimeters under the program carried out under this
    section) with industry to ensure the accelerated production and
    installation by January 1, 2028.
        (c) Review and Report.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the steps the Administrator has taken as of the date on which
    such report is submitted and any actions the Administrator plans to
    take, including as part of the program carried out under this section,
    to ensure that next generation radio altimeter technology is developed,
    tested, certified, and installed by 2028.

    SEC. 838. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING SAFETY AND SECURITY OF AVIATION
                  INFRASTRUCTURE.

        It is the sense of Congress that aviation provides essential
    services critical to the United States economy and that it is important
    to ensure the safety and security of aviation infrastructure and
    protect such infrastructure from unlawful breaches with appropriate
    legal safeguards.

    SEC. 839. RESTRICTED CATEGORY AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS.

        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall have sole jurisdiction over
    the maintenance and operations of aircraft owned by civilian operators
    and type-certificated in the restricted category under section 21.25 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 840. REPORT ON TELEWORK.

        Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and
    the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of
    Representatives, and make publicly available on a website of the
    Administration, a detailed report on any direct and indirect costs and
    inefficiencies associated with COVID-era telework policies at the
    Federal Aviation Administration.

    SEC. 841. CREWMEMBER PUMPING GUIDANCE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue guidance to part 121 air carriers relating
    to the expression of milk by crewmembers on an aircraft during
    noncritical phases of flight, consistent with the performance of the
    crewmember's duties aboard the aircraft. The guidance shall be equally
    applicable to any lactating crewmember. In developing the guidance, the
    Administrator shall--
                (1) consider multiple methods of expressing breast milk
            that could be used by crewmembers, including the use of
            wearable lactation technology; and
                (2) ensure the guidance will not require an air carrier or
            foreign air carrier to incur significant expense, such as
            through--
                        (A) the addition of an extra crewmember in response
                    to providing a break;
                        (B) removal or retrofitting of seats on the
                    aircraft; or
                        (C) modification or retrofitting of an aircraft.
        (b) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Crewmember.--The term ``crewmember'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 1.1 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations.
                (2) Critical phases of flight.--The term ``critical phases
            of flight'' has the meaning given such term in section 121.542
            of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (3) Part 121.--The term ``part 121'' means part 121 of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (c) Aviation Safety.--Nothing in this section shall limit the
    authority of the Administrator relating to aviation safety under
    subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 842. AIRCRAFT INTERCHANGE AGREEMENT LIMITATIONS.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of Federal Aviation Administration shall
    conduct a study of foreign interchange agreements.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out the study required under subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall address the following:
                (1) Methods for updating regulations under part 121.569 of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, for foreign interchange
            agreements.
                (2) Time limits for foreign aircraft interchange
            agreements.
                (3) Minimum breaks between foreign aircraft interchange
            agreements.
                (4) Limits for no more than 1 foreign aircraft interchange
            agreement between 2 airlines.
                (5) Limits for no more than 2 foreign aircraft on the
            interchange agreement.

    SEC. 843. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION ACADEMY AND FACILITY
                  EXPANSION PLAN.

        (a) Plan.--
                (1) In general.--No later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration shall initiate the development of a
            plan to expand overall Federal Aviation Administration capacity
            relating to facilities, instruction, equipment, and training
            resources to grow the number of developmental air traffic
            controllers enrolled per fiscal year and support increases in
            FAA air controller staffing to advance the safety of the
            national airspace system.
                (2) Considerations.--In developing the plan under paragraph
            (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                        (A) the resources needed to support an increase in
                    the total number of developmental air traffic
                    controllers enrolled at the FAA Academy;
                        (B) the resources needed to lessen FAA Academy
                    attrition per fiscal year;
                        (C) how to modernize the education and training of
                    developmental air traffic controllers, including
                    through the use of new techniques and technologies to
                    support instruction;
                        (D) the equipment needed to support expanded
                    instruction, including air traffic control simulation
                    systems, virtual reality, and other virtual training
                    platforms;
                        (E) projected staffing needs associated with FAA
                    Academy expansion and the operation of education
                    platforms, including the number of on-the-job
                    instructors needed to educate and train additional
                    developmental air traffic controllers;
                        (F) the costs of expanding Federal Aviation
                    Administration capacity at the existing air traffic
                    control academy (as described in paragraph (1)(A));
                        (G) soliciting input from, and coordinating with,
                    relevant stakeholders as appropriate, including the
                    exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic
                    control specialists of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration certified under section 7111 of title 5,
                    United States Code; and
                        (H) other logistical and financial considerations
                    as determined by appropriate the Administrator.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    the plan developed under subsection (a).
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the submission of the
    plan under subsection (b), the Administrator shall brief the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate on the plan, including the implementation of the plan.

    SEC. 844. LIMITATIONS FOR CERTAIN CARGO AIRCRAFT.

        (a) In General.--The standards adopted by the Administrator of the
    Environmental Protection Agency in part 1030 of title 40, Code of
    Federal Regulations, and the requirements finalized by the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration from the notice of
    proposed rulemaking titled ``Airplane Fuel Efficiency Certification'',
    and published on June 15, 2022 (RIN2120-AL54) in part 38 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations, shall not apply to any covered airplane
    before the date that is 5 years after January 1, 2028.
        (b) Operational Limitation.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall limit the operation of any covered
    airplane to domestic use or international operations, consistent with
    relevant international agreements and standards, that--
                (1) does not meet the standards and requirements described
            in subsection (a); and
                (2) received an original certificate of airworthiness
            issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration on or after January 1, 2028.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered airplane.--The term ``covered airplane'' means
            an airplane that--
                        (A) is a subsonic jet that is a purpose-built
                    freighter;
                        (B) has a maximum takeoff mass greater than 180,000
                    kilograms but not greater than 240,000 kilograms; and
                        (C) has a type design certificated prior to January
                    1, 2023.
                (2) Purpose-built freighter.--The term ``purpose-built
            freighter'' means any airplane that--
                        (A) was configured to carry cargo rather than
                    passengers prior to receiving an original certificate
                    of airworthiness; and
                        (B) is configured to carry cargo rather than
                    passengers.

    SEC. 845. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR ORIGINAL DESIGNS OF AIRCRAFT FLOATS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall, as appropriate, coordinate with the Register of
    Copyrights to help, to the extent feasible, aircraft float
    manufacturers receive design protections provided under section 1301 of
    title 17, United States Code.
        (b) Aircraft Float Defined.--In this section, the term ``aircraft
    float'' means a device suitable for use on an airplane that meets the
    standards set forth in the technical standard order related to Twin
    Seaplane Floats issued by the Federal Aviation Administration on July
    31, 2018 (TSO-C27a), or any successor standard.

    SEC. 846. DELIVERY OF CLEARANCE TO PILOTS VIA INTERNET PROTOCOL.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall conduct testing and an evaluation to determine the feasibility of
    the use, in air traffic control towers, technology for delivering
    clearances via internet protocol to enable mobile device access for
    general aviation and on-demand Part 135 air carriers at airports that
    do not have Towered Data Link Services.
        (b) Airport Selection.--The Administrator shall designate five
    airports for participation in the initial airport pilot program after
    consultation with the exclusive representatives of air traffic
    controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States
    Code, airport sponsors, aircraft and avionics manufacturers, MITRE, and
    aircraft operators and the designation should include airports of
    different size and complexity.
        (c) Program Objective.--The program shall address and include
    safety, security, and operational requirements for mobile clearance
    delivery at airports and heliports across the United States.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Mobile clearance delivery.--The term ``mobile clearance
            delivery'' means providing access to departure clearance and
            clearance cancellation via Internet Protocol via applications
            to pilots while aircraft are on the ground where traditional
            data link installations are not feasible or possible.
                (2) Part 135.--The term ``Part 135'' means part 135 of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (3) Tower data link services.--The term ``tower data link
            services'' means communications between controllers and pilots
            using controller-pilot data link communications.
                (4) Suitable airport.--The term ``suitable airport'' shall
            include towered airports, non-towered airports, and heliports.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    mobile clearance delivery program becoming operational, the
    Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the
    safety, security, and operational performance of the mobile clearance
    services at airports pursuant to this section and recommendations on
    how best to improve the program.

    SEC. 847. REPORT ON INDO-PACIFIC AIRPORTS.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in
    consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to Congress a
    report on airports of strategic importance in the Indo-Pacific region
    that includes each of the following:
                (1) An identification of airports and air routes critical
            to national security, defense operations, emergency response,
            and continuity of government activities.
                (2) An assessment of the economic impact and contribution
            of airports and air routes to national and regional economies.
                (3) An evaluation of the connectivity and accessibility of
            airports and air routes, including their importance in
            supporting domestic and international travel, trade, and
            tourism.
                (4) An analysis of infrastructure and technological
            requirements necessary to maintain and enhance the strategic
            importance of identified airports and air routes.
                (5) An identification of potential vulnerabilities, risks,
            and challenges faced by airports and air routes of strategic
            importance, including cybersecurity threats and physical
            infrastructure vulnerabilities.
                (6) Any recommendations for improving the security,
            resilience, and efficiency of the identified airports and air
            routes, including potential infrastructure investments and
            policy changes.

    SEC. 848. GAO STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GRANTS AT AIRPORTS.

        The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study
    on the implementation of grants provided to airports located in the
    Freely Associated States under section 47115(i) of title 49, United
    States Code.

    SEC. 849. MINORITY AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PARTICIPATION.

        Section 157(b)(2) of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C.
    47113 note) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Publishing data.--The Secretary of
                    Transportation shall report on a publicly accessible
                    website the uniform report of DBE awards--commitments
                    and payments specified in part 26 of title 49, Code of
                    Federal Regulations, and the uniform report of ACDBE
                    Participation for non-car rental and car rental
                    concessions, for each airport sponsor beginning with
                    fiscal year 2024.''.

    SEC. 850. STRUCTURES INTERFERING WITH AIR COMMERCE OR NATIONAL
                  SECURITY.

        Section 44718 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ``on a publicly
            available website'' after ``public notice'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i);
                (3) in subsection (i) (as so redesignated) by adding at the
            end the following:
                ``(3) Energy project.--The term `energy project' has the
            meaning given such term in section 183a(h) of title 10.
                ``(4) Foreign principal; agent of a foreign principal.--The
            terms `foreign principal' and `agent of a foreign principal'
            have the meaning given such terms in section 1 of the Foreign
            Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611).''; and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
        ``(h) Special Rule for Energy Projects.--
                ``(1) In general.--Any person who is required to submit an
            application for an energy project under this section shall
            include in such application a disclosure of any relationship
            such person has with a foreign principal or with an agent of a
            foreign principal.
                ``(2) Inaccurate disclosure of relationship with foreign
            principal.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation,
                    in consultation with the Attorney General of the United
                    States and the head of any other relevant Federal
                    agency, shall establish a process to evaluate the
                    accuracy of a disclosure made under paragraph (1) and
                    determine whether a person has violated such paragraph.
                        ``(B) Initial penalty for inaccurate disclosure.--
                    If the Secretary determines that a person has knowingly
                    violated paragraph (1), such person shall be prohibited
                    from submitting an application for an energy project
                    under this section during the period beginning on the
                    date on which the Secretary made the determination
                    under subparagraph (A) and ending on the date that is 2
                    years after such determination.
                        ``(C) Penalties for subsequent inaccurate
                    disclosures.--If the Secretary determines that a person
                    knowingly violates paragraph (1) after an initial
                    violation under subparagraph (B), such person shall be
                    permanently prohibited from submitting an application
                    for an energy project under this section.''.

    SEC. 851. EFFECT OF AIRLINE MERGERS FOR CONSUMERS.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    submit a report to Congress on the effect of airline mergers for
    consumers, including passenger fares (including add-on fees), the
    number of routes, the number of nonstop routes eliminated, and the
    number of flight delays and cancellations.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit a report on
    the results of the study conducted under subsection (a) to the
    following congressional committees:
                (1) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and
            the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;
            and
                (2) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.

    SEC. 852. TASK FORCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION SAFETY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall convene a task force on human factors in aviation
    safety (in this section referred to as the ``Task Force'').
        (b) Composition.--The Task Force shall consist of members appointed
    by the Administrator and having expertise in an operational or academic
    discipline that is relevant to the analysis of human errors in
    aviation. The number of members shall be determined by the
    Administrator to ensure sufficient representation of relevant
    operational and academic disciplines.
        (c) Duration.--
                (1) In general.--Members of the Task Force shall be
            appointed for the length of the existence of the Task Force.
                (2) Length of existence.--
                        (A) In general.--The Task Force shall have an
                    initial length of existence of 2 years.
                        (B) Option.--The Administrator may exercise an
                    option to lengthen the duration of the existence of the
                    Task Force for a period of 2 years.
        (d) Disciplines.--For purposes of subsection (b), disciplines may
    include air carrier operations, line pilot expertise, air traffic
    control, technical operations, aeronautical information, aircraft
    maintenance and mechanics psychology, linguistics, human-machine
    integration, general aviation operations, and organizational behavior
    and culture.
        (e) Expertise.--
                (1) In general.--No less than half of the members shall
            have expertise in aviation.
                (2) Additional expertise.--The Task Force shall include
            members with expertise on human factors but whose experience
            and training are not in aviation specifically and who have not
            previously been engaged in work related to the Federal Aviation
            Administration or the aviation industry. The Task Force shall
            also include pilot labor organization, certificated mechanic
            labor organizations, and at least one member from an air
            traffic controller labor organization.
        (f) Federal Aviation Administration Members.--
                (1) In general.--Not more than 4 members may be employees
            of the Federal Aviation Administration and National
            Transportation Safety Board, excluding representatives of the
            labor representatives of employees of the air traffic control
            system. Not more than 2 members may be employees of the
            National Transportation Safety Board. The Federal Aviation
            Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board
            members shall be non-voting.
                (2) Federal aviation administration employees.--Any member
            who is an Federal Aviation Administration employee shall have
            expertise in safety.
        (g) Duties.--In coordination with the Research, Engineering, and
    Development Advisory Committee established under section 44508 of title
    49, United States Code, the Task Force shall--
                (1) not later than the date on which the Task Force is no
            longer in existence, produce a written report that--
                        (A) to the greatest extent possible, identifies the
                    most significant human factors and the relative
                    contribution of such factors to aviation safety risk;
                        (B) identifies new research priorities for research
                    in human factors in aviation safety;
                        (C) reviews existing products by other working
                    groups related to human factors in aviation safety
                    including the Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST)'s
                    work pertaining to flight crew responses to abnormal
                    events;
                        (D) provides recommendations on potential revisions
                    to any Federal Aviation Administration regulations and
                    guidance pertaining to the certification of aircraft
                    under part 25 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
                    including sections related to presumed pilot response
                    times and assumptions about the reliability of pilot
                    performance during unexpected, stressful events;
                        (E) reviews rules, regulations, or standards
                    regarding flight crew rest and fatigue, as well as
                    maintenance personnel rest and fatigue, that are used
                    by a sample of international air carriers, including
                    those deemed to be more stringent and less stringent
                    than the current standards pertaining to United States
                    air carriers, and identify risks to the National
                    Airspace System from any such variation in standards
                    across countries;
                        (F) reviews pilot training requirements and
                    recommend any revisions necessary to ensure adequate
                    understanding of automated systems on aircraft;
                        (G) reviews approach and landing misalignment and
                    make any recommendations for improving these events;
                        (H) identifies ways to enhance instrument landing
                    system maintenance schedules; determines how a real-
                    time smart system should be developed that informs the
                    Air Traffic Control System, Airlines, and Airports
                    about any changes in the state of runway and taxiway
                    lights; and identifies how this system could be
                    connected to the Federal Aviation Administration's
                    maintenance system;
                        (I) analyzes, with respect to human errors related
                    to aviation safety of part 121 air carriers--
                                (i) fatigue and distraction during critical
                            phases of work among pilots or other aviation
                            personnel;
                                (ii) tasks and workload;
                                (iii) organizational culture;
                                (iv) communication among personnel;
                                (v) adherence to safety procedures;
                                (vi) mental state of personnel; and
                                (vii) any other relevant factors that are
                            the cause or potential cause of human error
                            related to aviation safety;
                        (J) includes a tabulation of the number of
                    accidents, incidents, or aviation safety database
                    entries received in which an item identified under
                    subparagraph (I) was a cause or potential cause of
                    human error related to aviation safety; and
                        (K) includes a list of causes or potential causes
                    of human error related to aviation safety about which
                    the Administrator believes additional information is
                    needed; and
                (2) if the Secretary exercises the option described in
            subsection (c)(2)(B), not later than the date that is 2 years
            after the date of establishment of the Task Force, produce an
            interim report containing the information described in
            paragraph (1).
        (h) Methodology.--To complete the report under subparagraphs (I)
    through (K) of subsection (g)(1), the Task Force shall consult with the
    National Transportation Safety Board and use all available data
    compiled and analysis conducted on safety incidents and irregularities
    collected during the relevant fiscal year from the following:
                (1) Flight Operations Quality Assurance.
                (2) Aviation Safety Action Program.
                (3) Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing.
                (4) The Aviation Safety Reporting System.
                (5) Aviation safety recommendations and investigation
            findings of the National Transportation Safety Board.
                (6) Other relevant programs or sources.
        (i) Applicable Law.--Section 1013 of title 5, United States Code,
    shall not apply to the Task Force.

    SEC. 853. SENSE OF CONGRESS ENCOURAGING THE FAA TO WELCOME THE USE OF
                  UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES.

        It is the sense of Congress that Congress encourages the Federal
    Aviation Administration to welcome the use of unmanned aerial vehicles,
    such as drones, to bolster and augment traditional manual inspection,
    survey, and maintenance operations, including operations that relate to
    electric transmission infrastructure, water quality and the presence of
    harmful algal blooms, transportation infrastructure, national parks,
    and telecommunications infrastructure.

    SEC. 854. EVALUATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States
    shall, in consultation with industry stakeholders and the owners or
    operators of airports certified by the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration, conduct an evaluation of a representative
    sample of the emergency plans in place at such airports.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the evaluation under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall assess, with respect to such airports,
    the following:
                (1) Electricity supply on normal operating procedures.
                (2) Resiliency plans for maintaining appropriate
            electricity supply to continue airport operations in the case a
            natural disaster disrupts the airport's primary power source.
                (3) Backup electricity plans in the event a natural
            disaster disrupts, partially or completely, the airport's
            primary power source.
                (4) A comparison of previous versions of the airport's
            emergency response plans and how current and future airport
            emergency response plans may be similar or different than the
            emergency response plans of the past.
                (5) The overall impact of an airport losing its primary
            power source on communities surrounding the airport and any
            public health and safety risks that may result.
        (c) Submission.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report containing the results of the evaluation conducted under
    subsection (a).

    SEC. 855. STUDY ON AIR CARGO OPERATIONS IN PUERTO RICO.

        (a) In General.--No later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct
    a study on air cargo operations in Puerto Rico.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall address the following:
                (1) The economic impact of waivers authorized by the
            Secretary of the Department of Transportation related to air
            cargo operations in Puerto Rico.
                (2) Recommendations for security measures that may be
            necessary to support increased air cargo operations in Puerto
            Rico.
                (3) Potential need for additional staff to safely
            accommodate additional air cargo operations.
                (4) Airport infrastructure improvements that may be needed
            in the 3 international airports located in Puerto Rico to
            support increased air cargo operations.
                (5) Alternatives to increase private stakeholder engagement
            and use of the 3 international airports in Puerto Rico to
            attract increased air cargo operations.
                (6) Possible national benefits of increasing air cargo
            operations in Puerto Rico.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    Committees of Congress a report on the results of the study described
    in subsection (a).

    SEC. 856. PROHIBITION ON OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT OVER RUSSIAN AIRSPACE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation
    with the Secretary of State and other relevant Federal officials,
    shall--
                (1) amend NOTAM KICZ NOTAM A0005/22-Security, titled
            ``United States of America Prohibition Against Certain Flights
            in specified areas of the Moscow (UUWV), Samara (UWWW) and
            Rostov-Na Donu (URRV) Flight Information Regions (FIR))'' to
            apply the prohibitions equally to air carriers and foreign air
            carriers landing in or taking off from an airport in the United
            States;
                (2) take other actions within the authorities of the
            Secretary to apply to foreign air carriers landing in, or
            taking off from, an airport in the United States prohibitions
            consistent with the prohibitions in the NOTAM referred to in
            paragraph (1); or
                (3) provide to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate, a briefing, in a classified or unclassified setting, if
            the Secretary finds that the implementation of paragraph (1) or
            (2) is--
                        (A) unnecessary;
                        (B) not in the public interest; or
                        (C) not consistent with the foreign policy
                    priorities of the United States.
        (b) Sunset.--Any prohibition implemented pursuant to subsection (a)
    shall terminate on the date on which the NOTAM referred to in
    subsection (a) is rescinded.
        (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as
    putting any limitation on the authority of the Secretary of
    Transportation to implement any prohibition in addition or subsequent
    to a prohibition implemented under subsection (a).
        (d) Definitions.--Each of the terms used in this section shall have
    the meanings given such terms in section 40102(a) of title 49, United
    States Code.

    SEC. 857. GAO STUDY ON AVIATION WORKFORCE.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on methods related to the recruitment, retention,
    employment, education, training, and well-being of the aviation
    workforce specifically within rural communities.
        (b) Collaboration.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall collaborate with industry stakeholders
    and rural aviation facilities to ascertain the best policies for
    increasing participating in the aviation workforce community from
    individuals from rural communities.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit the results
    of the study under subsection (a) to the appropriate congressional
    committees.
        (d) Administrative Actions.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall take such actions as are reasonable to
    implement the recommendations made by the Comptroller General from the
    study conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 858. ASSESSMENT BY INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
                  TRANSPORTATION OF COUNTER-UAS SYSTEM OPERATIONS.

        (a) Assessment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of
    Transportation shall assess all actions taken by the Federal Aviation
    Administration affecting the ability of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection to conduct counter-UAS system operations at the southern
    border of the United States from January 1, 2021, to such date of
    enactment.
        (b) Considerations.--The assessment under subsection (a) shall
    consider the following impacts:
                (1) Operational capabilities of U.S. Customs and Border
            Protection in detecting and mitigating unauthorized unmanned
            aircraft systems.
                (2) Coordination efforts and information sharing between
            the Federal Aviation Administration and U.S. Customs and Border
            Protection regarding counter-UAS system operations.
                (3) Any other impacts or considerations the Inspector
            General of the Department of Transportation determines
            relevant.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the completion of the
    assessment under subsection (a), the Inspector General of the
    Department of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report detailing the findings of such assessment.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Counter-UAS system.--The term ``counter-UAS system''
            has the meaning given such term in section 44801 of title 49,
            United States Code.
                (2) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term ``unmanned aircraft
            system'' has the meaning given such term in section 44801 of
            title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 859. BRIEFING ON LIT VORTAC PROJECT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall provide a briefing on the Little Rock Port
    Authority Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Radio Range Tactical Air
    Navigation Aid Project (LIT VORTAC) to the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
        (b) Briefing Contents.--The briefing required under subsection (a)
    shall include the following:
                (1) (1) The status of the efforts by the Federal Aviation
            Administration to relocate the LIT VORTAC.
                (2) The status of new flight planning of the relocated
            VORTAC.
                (3) A description of and timeline for each remaining phase
            of the relocation project.

    SEC. 860. REIMBURSEMENT FOR FINANCIAL LOSSES DUE TO CERTAIN AIRPORT
                  CLOSURES.

        (a) Notification Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date
    on which a President takes office, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall provide notification to specified
    aviation entities located at any airports that may be expected to close
    at any point during the term of such President due to temporary flight
    restrictions related to any residence of the President that is
    designated or identified to be secured by the United States Secret
    Service.
        (b) Reimbursement Required.--Subject to the availability of
    appropriations, the Administrator shall provide financial reimbursement
    to specified aviation entities in an amount equal to the direct and
    incremental financial losses incurred while an airport, or portion
    thereof, is closed solely due to the actions of the Federal Government
    as described in subsection (a). The Administrator shall provide
    reimbursement for such losses.
        (c) Audit Required.--The Administrator may not obligate or
    distribute reimbursement funding described in subsection (b) until an
    audit of the financial losses incurred by a specified aviation entity
    is completed by the Administrator. The Administrator may request that
    specified aviation entities provide documentation which the
    Administrator determines is necessary to complete such audit.
        (d) Ineligible Costs.--In carrying out this section, the
    Administrator shall ensure that any loss incurred as a result of a
    violation of law, or through fault or negligence, of a specified
    aviation entity are not eligible for reimbursements
        (e) Government Release From Liability.--The United States
    Government shall not be liable for claims for financial losses
    resulting from airport closures described in subsection (a).
        (f) Specified Aviation Entity Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``specified aviation entity'' means--
                (1) an airport sponsor that does not provide gateway
            operations;
                (2) a provider of general aviation ground support services;
            or
                (3) an impacted aviation tenant.

    SEC. 861. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS.

        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of
    Transportation may not require an airport to shorten the length or
    width of the airport's runway, apron, or taxiway as a condition for the
    receipt of federal financial assistance if the airport directly
    supports a base of the United States Air Force or the Air National
    Guard at the airport, regardless of the stationing of military
    aircraft.

    SEC. 862. STUDY ON PILOT SUPPLY ISSUES.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on the shortage of pilots faced by air carriers.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall address ways to overcome challenges to the
    pilot workforce.

    SEC. 863. GAO STUDY ON FAA RESPONSIVENESS TO CONGRESS.

        (a) GAO Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on--
                (1) the level of responsiveness of the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration to a request for information
            from a Member of Congress, including a written congressional
            inquiry and staffing a meeting at the request of such a Member;
            and
                (2) the average timeframe responses are provided to the
            requests described in paragraph (1).
        (b) Annual Briefing to Congress.--Section 106 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(u) Annual Briefing to Congress.--The Administrator shall
    annually brief the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate on--
                ``(1) the efforts, activities, objectives, and plans of the
            Administration; and
                ``(2) the efforts of the Administration to engage with
            Congress and the public.''.

    SEC. 864. GAO STUDY ON TRANSIT ACCESS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall conduct a study, and make the results of such study publicly
    accessible, on transit access to airports.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out the study under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall review public transportation access to
    commercial service airports throughout the United States, including
    cost, disability accessibility, and other potential barriers for
    individuals.

    SEC. 865. APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM FOR PILOTS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Apprentice.--The term ``apprentice'' means a student
            enrolled at a flight school.
                (2) Flight school.--The term ``flight school'' means a
            flight academy certified under part 141 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations.
                (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of Transportation.
        (b) Establishment.--The Secretary, in consultation with flight
    schools and other industry stakeholders, shall establish an
    apprenticeship program with flight schools to establish a pipeline of
    qualified and interested individuals to become commercial pilots.
        (c) Selection.--Under the apprenticeship program established under
    subsection (b), each flight school participating in the apprenticeship
    program established under subsection (b) may select up to 8 applicants
    to flight school to serve as apprentices each academic year.
        (d) Curriculum and Requirements.--
                (1) In general.--To graduate from an apprenticeship program
            established under subsection (b), an apprentice shall satisfy
            any relevant requirements and minimum curriculum under part 141
            of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor
            regulations), including all curriculum under subpart C of such
            part.
                (2) Minimum requirements.--Nothing in this Act prevents a
            flight school from imposing additional requirements, such as
            modifying the terms of service of the apprenticeship program,
            on an apprentice taking part in an apprenticeship program
            established pursuant to this section.
        (e) Optional Program.--A flight school may choose not to
    participate in an apprenticeship program established under this
    section.
        (f) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as are
    necessary to implement this Act.
        (g) Incentivizing Retired Pilots.--The Secretary shall take such
    actions as may be appropriate to develop methods to incentivize pilots,
    including retired military pilots, retiring airline pilots, and
    graduates of the apprenticeship program established under this section,
    to become instructors at flight schools, including through the
    development of pathway programs for such pilots to gain initial
    qualification or concurrent qualification as certified flight
    instructors under part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 866. WILDFIRE SUPPRESSION.

        (a) In General.--To ensure that sufficient firefighting resources
    are available to suppress wildfires and protect public safety and
    property, and notwithstanding any other provision of law or agency
    regulation, not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of
    this section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall promulgate an interim final rule under which--
                (1) an operation described in section 21.25(b)(7) of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations, shall allow for the transport
            of firefighters to and from the site of a wildfire to perform
            ground wildfire suppression and designate the firefighters
            conducting such an operation as essential crewmembers on board
            a covered aircraft operated on a mission to suppress wildfire;
                (2) the aircraft maintenance, inspections, and pilot
            training requirements under part 135 of such title 14 may apply
            to such an operation, if determined by the Administrator to be
            necessary to maintain the safety of firefighters carrying out
            wildfire suppression missions; and
                (3) the noise standards described in part 36 of such title
            14 shall not apply to such an operation.
        (b) Surplus Military Aircraft.--In promulgating any rule under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall not enable any aircraft of a
    type that has been manufactured in accordance with the requirements of
    and accepted for use by any branch of the United States Military and
    has been later modified to be used for wildfire suppression operations,
    unless such aircraft is later type-rated by the Administrator.
        (c) Conforming Amendments to FAA Documents.--In promulgating an
    interim final rule under subsection (a), the Administrator shall amend
    FAA Order 8110.56, Restricted Category Type Certification (dated
    February 27, 2006), as well as any corresponding policy or guidance
    material, to reflect the requirements of subsection (a).
        (d) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section shall be construed
    to limit the Administrator's authority to take action otherwise
    authorized by law to protect aviation safety or passenger safety.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered aircraft.--The term ``covered aircraft'' means
            an aircraft type-certificated in the restricted category under
            section 21.25 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, used
            for transporting firefighters to and from the site of a
            wildfire in order to perform ground wildfire suppression for
            the purpose of extinguishing a wildfire on behalf of, or
            pursuant to a contract with, a Federal, State, or local
            government agency.
                (2) Firefighters.--The term ``firefighters'' means a
            trained fire suppression professional the transport of whom is
            necessary to accomplish a wildfire suppression operation.

    SEC. 867. AIR STATISTIC REPORTS.

        Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall ensure that the Bureau of
    Transportation Statistics revises and maintains Technical Reporting
    Directive No. 31 (14 CFR Part 234) to provide that the following events
    are not included within the air carrier codes specified in such
    Directive:
                (1) Aircraft cleaning necessitated by such incidents as the
            death of a passenger, excessive bleeding, service animal (SVAN)
            soiling, and extensive debris left by customers.
                (2) Aircraft damage caused by extreme weather, bird strike,
            foreign object debris (FOD), sabotage, and other similar
            causes.
                (3) Awaiting the arrival of connecting passengers or crew
            due to weather or local or National Airspace System logistics.
                (4) Awaiting the results of an unexpected alcohol test of a
            crewmember caused by the suspicion or accusation of a customer.
                (5) Awaiting gate space due to congestion not within the
            carrier's control, including the utilization of common gates or
            uncontrollable gate returns resulting from constraints of the
            National Airspace System.
                (6) A baggage or cargo loading delay caused by an outage of
            a bag system not controlled by a carrier, including wind
            affecting ramp conditions, late connecting bags resulting from
            an air traffic controller delay, airport infrastructure
            failure, and similar causes.
                (7) Cabin servicing or catering delays due to weather or
            wind.
                (8) Vendor computer outages, cybersecurity attacks
            (provided that the carrier is in compliance with applicable
            cybersecurity regulations), or issues related to the use of
            airport-supplied communications equipment (such as common-use
            gates and terminals, power outage, and lighting).
                (9) Availability of crew related to hours flown, rest
            periods, and on-duty times not caused by a carrier, including a
            delay of a crew replacement or reserve necessitated by a non-
            controllable event, and pilot or flight attendant rest related
            to weather, air traffic controller, or local logistics.
                (10) An unscheduled engineering or safety inspection.
                (11) Public health issues.
                (12) Fueling delays related to weather or airport fueling
            infrastructure issues, including the inoperability of a fuel
            farm or unusable fuel which does not meet specified
            requirements at delivery to an airport due to contamination in
            the supply chain.
                (13) Government systems that are inoperable or otherwise
            unable to receive forms which have been properly completed by
            an air carrier.
                (14) Overheated brakes resulting from a safety incident,
            including those resulting from emergency procedures.
                (15) Mail from the U.S. Postal Service that was delayed in
            arrival.
                (16) Unscheduled maintenance, including airworthiness
            issues manifesting outside a scheduled maintenance program and
            that cannot be deferred or must be addressed before flight.
                (17) A medical emergency.
                (18) Positive passenger bag match flags that require
            removal of a bag in order to ensure security.
                (19) The removal of an unruly passenger.
                (20) Ramp service from a third-party contractor, including
            servicing of potable water, lavatory servicing, and shortage of
            third-party ramp equipment.
                (21) Snow removal or aircraft de-icing due to the
            occurrence of extreme weather despite adequate carrier
            resources, or the removal of snow on ramps.
                (22) An airport closure due to such factors as the presence
            of volcanic ash, wind or wind shear.

    SEC. 868. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON FAA ENGAGEMENT AND COLLABORATION WITH
                  HBCUS AND MSIS.

        It is the sense of Congress that the Federal Aviation
    Administration should continue to partner with historically Black
    colleges and universities and minority-serving institutions to promote
    awareness of career opportunities and develop curriculum related to
    aerospace, aviation and air traffic control.

    SEC. 869. REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF FEDERAL
                  AVIATION ADMINISTRATION YOUTH ACCESS TO AMERICAN JOBS IN
                  AVIATION TASK FORCE.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall submit to Congress a
    report on the implementation of the following recommendations of the
    Federal Aviation Administration Youth Access to American Jobs in
    Aviation Task Force established under section 602 of the FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-254):
                (1) The recommendation to improve information access about
            careers in aviation and aerospace.
                (2) The recommendation to collaboration across regions of
            the Federal Aviation Administration on outreach and workforce
            development programs.
                (3) The recommendation to increase opportunities for
            mentoring, pre-apprenticeships, and apprenticeships in
            aviation.

    SEC. 870. IMPLEMENTATION OF DYNAMIC SCHEDULING AND MANAGEMENT OF
                  CERTAIN AIRSPACE.

        (a) In General.--In carrying out the pilot program established
    under section 1093 of Public Law 117-263 (49 U.S.C. 40103 note), the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination
    with the Secretary of Defense, shall--
                (1) evaluate the impact on the operation of the national
            airspace system of process improvements in how the Department
            of Defense shares real-time updates on the status of special
            activity airspace and special use airspace for activities
            described in paragraph (1) of section 1093 of Public Law 117-
            263 (49 U.S.C. 40103, note); and
                (2) ensure that such improvements make the Federal Aviation
            Administration able to use such status changes to effectively
            grant access to special activity airspace and special use
            airspace to civil operators in the national airspace system.
        (b) Development, Test and Assessment of Dynamic Airspace Tools and
    Systems.--
                (1) Tests.--Under the pilot program referred to in
            subsection (a), and to complete the evaluations prescribed
            above, the Administrator and Secretary shall jointly test
            software and services that automate the means by which the
            Department of Defense shares changes in the status of special
            activity airspace and special use airspace established by the
            Federal Aviation Administration for use by civil operators in
            the national airspace system.
                (2) Automation.--The Secretary and the Administrator shall
            ensure that the processes referred to in paragraph (1)(B) of
            section 1093 of Public Law 117-263 (49 U.S.C. 40103, note) are
            automated, adhere to advanced data protection protocols, and
            use tools and systems developed for this purpose that are in
            use by the Federal Aviation Administration and by civil
            operators in the national airspace system.
        (c) Report.--Not more than 365 days following the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary and the Administrator shall jointly
    submit a report to Congress on the impact of dynamic scheduling and
    management of special activity airspace and special use airspace, with
    specific information on--
                (1) impact on military training and readiness;
                (2) impact on workload and accuracy of sharing status
            changes on airspace with the Federal Aviation Administration;
            and
                (3) impact on the operation of the national airspace system
            including reductions in miles flown.
        (d) Requirements.--The capabilities referred to in subsection (a)
    shall not interfere with--
                (1) the public's right of transit consistent with national
            security;
                (2) the use of airspace necessary to ensure the safety of
            aircraft within the national airspace system; or
                (3) the use of airspace necessary to ensure the efficient
            use of the national airspace system.

    SEC. 871. PROHIBITION ON PROCUREMENT OF FOREIGN-MADE UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
                  SYSTEMS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation is prohibited from
    entering into a contract or awarding a grant for the procurement of a
    small unmanned aircraft system manufactured or assembled by a covered
    foreign entity.
        (b) Exemption.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary is exempt from any
            restrictions under subsection (a) if the procurement is for the
            purposes of testing, evaluation, analysis, or training related
            to--
                        (A) counter-unmanned aircraft systems, including
                    activities conducted under the Federal Aviation
                    Administration's Alliance for System Safety of UAS
                    through Research Excellence Center of Excellence or by
                    the UAS test sites under section 44803 of title 49,
                    United States Code; or
                        (B) the safe, secure, or efficient operation of the
                    National Airspace System or maintenance of public
                    safety.
                (2) National transportation safety board exemption.--The
            National Transportation Safety Board, in consultation with the
            Secretary of Homeland Security, is exempt from any restrictions
            under subsection (a) if the procurement is necessary for the
            sole purpose of conducting safety investigations.
        (c) Waiver.--The Secretary of Transportation (or the Secretary's
    designee) may waive any restrictions under subsection (a) on a case by
    case basis by certifying in writing not later than 15 days after
    exercising such waiver to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that the procurement is
    required in the national interest of the United States.
        (d) Effective Dates.--
                (1) In general.--Beginning on the date of enactment of this
            Act, the Secretary may not award a new grant for the
            procurement of an unmanned aircraft system manufactured by a
            covered foreign entity.
                (2) Existing grant.--This section shall not apply to grants
            awarded before the date of enactment of this Act.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered foreign entity.--The term ``covered foreign
            entity'' means an entity--
                        (A) included on the Consolidated Screening List or
                    Entity List as designated by the Secretary of Commerce;
                        (B) domiciled in the People's Republic of China or
                    the Russian Federation;
                        (C) subject to influence or control by the
                    government of the People's Republic of China or by the
                    Russian Federation; or
                        (D) that is a subsidiary or affiliate of an entity
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
                (2) Small unmanned aircraft; unmanned aircraft; unmanned
            aircraft system.--The terms ``small unmanned aircraft'',
            ``unmanned aircraft'', and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have
            the meanings given such terms in section 44801 of title 49,
            United States Code.

    SEC. 872. BANNING MUNICIPAL AIRPORT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
    initiate a study on the Banning Municipal Airport to identify--
                (1) aviation traffic at the Airport in each of the last 10
            years, and estimated future traffic each year in the next 10
            years;
                (2) associated annual revenues and costs in each year to
            service aviation traffic during the last 10 years, and to
            continue to service it for another 10 years;
                (3) use of the facility for fighting wildfires and the
            degree of its utility to the local County fire department or
            other emergency first responders;
                (4) status of the Airport's current infrastructure and
            planned improvements, if any, and during the next 5 years and
            their associated costs;
                (5) perspectives of and impact on the Morongo Band of
            Indians resulting from operation of the airport near tribal
            lands; and
                (6) Federal funds that would be required to modernize the
            Airport's infrastructure to assure no annual operating
            financial losses for the next 10 years.
        (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the
    study.

    SEC. 873. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF HARDENING SATELLITES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
                  UNITED STATES AEROSPACE NAVIGATION.

        The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
    conduct a feasibility study to determine the cost to harden satellites
    that contribute to United States aerospace navigation.

    SEC. 874. STUDY AND REPORT ON EFFECTS OF UNMANNED FREE BALLOONS ON
                  AVIATION SAFETY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration, in coordination with the heads of other relevant
    Federal agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate committees
    of Congress on the effects unmanned free balloon operations, that do
    not emit electronic or radio signals for identification purposes,
    launched within the United States and its territories may have on
    aviation safety.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out this section, the
    Administrator shall consider--
                (1) current technology available and employed to track
            unmanned free balloon operations described under subsection
            (a);
                (2) how the flights of such operations have affected, or
            could affect, aviation safety;
                (3) how such operations have contributed, or could
            contribute, to misidentified threats to civil or military
            aviation operations or infrastructure; and
                (4) how such operations have impacted, or could impact,
            national security and air traffic control operations.
        (c) Recommendations.--The report specified under subsection (a)
    shall contain recommendations on the following:
                (1) The need for unmanned free balloons launched within the
            United States and its territories to be equipped with
            technology that may increase the near real-time trackability of
            such balloons to deconflict airspace and maintain aviation
            safety of the national airspace system in support of
            Administration and Department of Defense aviation operations.
                (2) The feasibility and efficacy in requiring the equipage
            and usage of such technology.
        (d) Appropriate.--In this section, the term ``appropriate
    congressional committees'' means--
                (1) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of
            Representatives;
                (2) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives;
                (3) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and
                (4) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            of the Senate.

    SEC. 875. UPDATE TO FAA ORDER ON AIRWAY PLANNING STANDARD.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall take
    such actions as may be necessary to update FAA Order 7031.2c, titled
    ``Airway Planning Standard Number One-Terminal Air Navigation
    Facilities and Air Traffic Control Services'', to lower the remote
    radar bright display scope installation requirement from 30,000 annual
    itinerant operations to 15,000 annual itinerant operations.

    SEC. 876. SURFACE SURVEILLANCE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after enactment of this
    Act, the Administrator shall conduct a study of surface surveillance
    systems that are operational as of the date of enactment of this Act.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out the study required under subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall--
                (1) demonstrate that any change to the configuration of
            such systems or decommissioning of a sensor from such systems
            provides an equivalent level of safety as the current system;
                (2) determine how a technology refresh of legacy sensor
            equipment can reduce operational and maintenance costs compared
            to current costs and extend the useful life and affordability
            of such systems; and,
                (3) consider how to enhance such systems through new
            capabilities and software tools that improve the safety of
            terminal airspace and the airport surface.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the study under subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall consult with representatives of--
                (1) National Transportation Safety Board;
                (2) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of
            surface surveillance technology, including multilateration and
            ADS-B; and,
                (3) representatives with expertise in surface safety of the
            exclusive bargaining representative of the air traffic
            controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United 24
            States Code; and
                (4) representatives of the certified bargaining
            representative of airway transportation systems specialists for
            the Federal Aviation Administration.
        (d) Report.--Upon completion of the review initiated under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report describing the findings of such review and shall make all data
    related to the safety analysis and conclusions developed under
    subsection (b) available to the public on the website of the
    Administration in a downloadable format.
        (e) Implementation.--Upon submission of the report required by
    subsection (d), the Administrator may implement changes to surface
    surveillance systems based on the outcome of the review in subsection
    (b).

    SEC. 877. CERTIFICATION AND REPORT BY INSPECTOR GENERAL RELATING TO
                  RADAR IMPACTS AND OFFSHORE WIND DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL
                  PROCESS.

        (a) Certification.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the President (or a designee) shall certify in
    writing that--
                (1) offshore wind projects in the North Atlantic and Mid-
            Atlantic Planning Areas will not weaken, degrade, interfere
            with, or nullify the performance and capabilities of radar
            relied upon by commercial aviation, military aviation, space
            launch vehicles, or other commercial space launch activities;
            and
                (2) the development of offshore wind projects in the North
            Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic Planning Areas will not degrade the
            capabilities of the Federal Aviation Administration to monitor
            United States airspace, or hinder commercial, private, or
            military aviation activities.
        (b) Audit and Report by Inspector General.--
                (1) Audit and report.--The Inspector General of the
            Department of Transportation shall audit and report to Congress
            on the effects of offshore wind industrialization related to
            radar, impacts to commercial air and military traffic, and the
            sufficiency of the review and approval process for offshore
            wind projects in the North Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic Planning
            Areas. Such report shall also include the following:
                        (A) An investigation of the sufficiency of the
                    process for approving offshore wind projects, and these
                    projects impact on radar, including the consultation
                    process between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
                    the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Military
                    Aviation and Installation Assurance Siting
                    Clearinghouse, and whether concerns voiced by the
                    Federal Aviation Administration, the United States
                    Armed Forces were sufficiently considered in the
                    approval process.
                        (B) A specific study on the impact of such projects
                    on shore based radar capabilities.
                        (C) A determination whether offshore wind projects
                    will weaken, compromise, or interfere with, or nullify
                    the usage of radar utilized by the Federal Aviation
                    Administration, the United States Armed Forces, and the
                    National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well
                    as commercial space launch activities.
                        (D) An audit of the approval applications by the
                    Military Aviation and Installation Assurance Siting
                    Clearinghouse regarding concerns voiced over the impact
                    to radar and ability to identify airborne threats,
                    freedom to navigate United States airspace, and ability
                    to train within United States airspace.
                        (E) A determination whether any offshore wind
                    projects will impact, alter, or disrupt commercial,
                    private, or military aviation flight paths.
                        (F) A determination whether any offshore wind
                    projects will impact, compromise, inhibit, or nullify
                    the usage of radar and sonar technologies utilized by
                    the armed forces and any agencies carrying out space
                    launch programs.
                        (G) A determination whether any offshore wind
                    projects will impact, compromise, or inhibit the
                    ability of the United States Coast Guard to conduct
                    maritime safety and lifesaving operations.
                        (H) An assessment of how offshore wind energy
                    projects impact low-level military airspace off the
                    Atlantic Coast.
                        (I) A determination whether the mitigation
                    strategies laid out in the 2016 Report on the Impact of
                    Wind Energy Developments on Military Installations are
                    sufficient, achievable and, realistic.
                (2) Survey required.--
                        (A) In general.--The Inspector General of the
                    Department of Transportation shall conduct a survey of
                    individuals directly responsible for installations and
                    units effected by offshore wind development projects,
                    including those currently underway and those proposed,
                    with respect to--
                                (i) mission critical capabilities related
                            to radar interference, sonar interference,
                            lifesaving operations, and training missions;
                            and
                                (ii) the sufficiency of local military
                            installation commander input in the approval
                            process.
                        (B) Report.--The Inspector General of the
                    Department of Transportation shall submit to Congress a
                    report containing the results of the survey required by
                    subparagraph (A) not later than 180 days after the date
                    of the enactment of this Act.
        (c) Classified Annex.--The reports required under subsection(b)(1)
    and (b)(2)(B) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include
    a classified annex.

     TITLE IX--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2023

    SEC. 901. SHORT TITLE.

        This title may be cited as the ``National Transportation Safety
    Board Amendments Act of 2023''.

    SEC. 902. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        Section 1118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read
    as follows:
        ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated for the
    purposes of this chapter $142,000,000 for fiscal year 2024,
    $145,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2026,
    $155,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, and $161,000,000 for fiscal year
    2028. Such sums shall remain available until expended.''.

    SEC. 903. CLARIFICATION OF TREATMENT OF TERRITORIES.

        Section 1101 of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as
    follows:
    ``Sec. 1101. Definitions
        ``(a) In General.--In this chapter:
                ``(1) Accident.--The term `accident' includes damage to or
            destruction of vehicles in surface or air transportation or
            pipelines, regardless of whether the initiating event is
            accidental or otherwise.
                ``(2) State.--The term `State' means a State of the United
            States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin
            Islands, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and
            Guam.
        ``(b) Applicability of Other Definitions.--Section 2101(23) of
    title 46 and section 40102(a) shall apply to this chapter.''.

    SEC. 904. ADDITIONAL WORKFORCE TRAINING.

        (a) Training on Emerging Transportation Technologies.--Section
    1113(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (I) by striking ``; and'' and inserting
            a semicolon;
                (2) in subparagraph (J) by striking the period and
            inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(K) notwithstanding section 3301 of title 41, acquire
            training on emerging transportation technologies.''.
        (b) Additional Training Needs.--Section 1115(d) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by inserting ``and in those subjects furthering
    the personnel and workforce development needs set forth in the
    strategic workforce plan of the Board as required under section
    1113(h)'' after ``of accident investigation''.

    SEC. 905. ACQUIRING MISSION-ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS.

        Section 1113(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Direct Hire Authority.--
                ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3304 and
            sections 3309 through 3318 of title 5, the Chairman may, on a
            determination that there is a severe shortage of candidates or
            a critical hiring need for particular positions, recruit and
            directly appoint into the competitive service highly qualified
            personnel with specialized knowledge important to the function
            of the Board.
                ``(B) Limitation.--The authority granted under subparagraph
            (A) shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date
            of the enactment of this paragraph.
                ``(C) Exception.--The authority granted under subparagraph
            (A) shall not apply to positions in the excepted service or the
            Senior Executive Service.
                ``(D) Requirements.--In exercising the authority granted
            under subparagraph (A), the Board shall ensure that any action
            taken by the Board--
                        ``(i) is consistent with the merit principles of
                    section 2301 of title 5; and
                        ``(ii) complies with the public notice requirements
                    of section 3327 of title 5.''.

    SEC. 906. OVERTIME ANNUAL REPORT TERMINATION.

         Section 1113(g)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is repealed.

    SEC. 907. STRATEGIC WORKFORCE PLAN.

        Section 1113 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(h) Strategic Workforce Plan.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Board shall develop a strategic
            workforce plan that addresses the immediate and long-term
            workforce needs of the Board with respect to carrying out the
            authorities and duties of the Board under this chapter.
                ``(2) Aligning the workforce to strategic goals.--In
            developing the strategic workforce plan under paragraph (1),
            the Board shall take into consideration--
                        ``(A) the current state and capabilities of the
                    Board, including a high-level review of mission
                    requirements, structure, workforce, and performance of
                    the Board;
                        ``(B) the significant workforce trends, needs,
                    issues, and challenges with respect to the Board and
                    the transportation industry;
                        ``(C) the workforce policies, strategies,
                    performance measures, and interventions to mitigate
                    succession risks that guide the workforce investment
                    decisions of the Board;
                        ``(D) a workforce planning strategy that identifies
                    workforce needs, including the knowledge, skills, and
                    abilities needed to recruit and retain skilled
                    employees at the Board;
                        ``(E) a workforce management strategy that is
                    aligned with the mission, goals, and organizational
                    objectives of the Board;
                        ``(F) an implementation system for workforce goals
                    focused on addressing continuity of leadership and
                    knowledge sharing across the Board;
                        ``(G) an implementation system that addresses
                    workforce competency gaps, particularly in mission-
                    critical occupations; and
                        ``(H) a system for analyzing and evaluating the
                    performance of the Board's workforce management
                    policies, programs, and activities.
                ``(3) Planning period.--The strategic workforce plan
            developed under paragraph (1) shall address a 5-year forecast
            period, but may include planning for longer periods based on
            information about trends in the transportation sector.
                ``(4) Plan updates.--The Board shall update the strategic
            workforce plan developed under paragraph (1) not less than once
            every 5 years.
                ``(5) Relationship to strategic plan.--The strategic
            workforce plan developed under paragraph (1) may be developed
            separately from, or incorporated into, the strategic plan
            required under section 306 of title 5.
                ``(6) Availability.--The strategic workforce plan under
            paragraph (1) and the strategic plan required under section 306
            of title 5 shall be--
                        ``(A) submitted to the Committee on Transportation
                    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
                    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
                    of the Senate; and
                        ``(B) made available to the public on a website of
                    the Board.''.

    SEC. 908. TRAVEL BUDGETS.

        (a) In General.--Section 1113 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Nonaccident Related Travel Budget.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Board shall establish annual fiscal
            year budgets for non accident-related travel expenditures for
            each Board member.
                ``(2) Notification.--The Board shall notify the Committee
            on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate of any non accident-related travel
            budget overrun for any Board member not later than 30 days of
            such overrun becoming known to the Board.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 9 of the National Transportation
    Safety Board Amendments Act of 2000 (49 U.S.C. 1113 note) is repealed.

    SEC. 909. RETENTION OF RECORDS.

        Section 1113 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Retention of Records.--Notwithstanding chapters 21, 29, 31,
    and 33 of title 44, the Board may retain investigative records for such
    periods as determined by the Board.''.

    SEC. 910. NONDISCLOSURE OF INTERVIEW RECORDINGS.

        (a) In General.--Section 1114 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by striking ``Trade
                    Secrets'' and inserting ``Certain Confidential
                    Information''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``The Board'' and inserting
                            ``In general.--The Board''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``information related to a
                            trade secret referred to in section 1905 of
                            title 18'' and inserting ``confidential
                            information described in section 1905 of title
                            18, including trade secrets,''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Interview Recordings.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Board may not publicly disclose any
            part of any audio or video recording of an interview of
            participants in, or witnesses to, an accident or incident
            investigated by the Board.
                ``(2) Savings provision.--Paragraph (1) shall not be
            construed to apply to transcripts or summaries of such
            interviews.''.
        (b) Aviation Enforcement.--Section 1151 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Notification to Congress.--If the Board or Attorney General
    carry out such civil actions described in subsection (a) or (b) of this
    section against an airman employed at the time of the accident or
    incident by an air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code
    of Federal Regulations, the Board shall immediately notify the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate of such civil actions, including--
                ``(1) the labor union representing the airman involved, if
            applicable;
                ``(2) the air carrier at which the airman is employed;
                ``(3) the docket information of the incident or accident in
            which the airman was involved;
                ``(4) the date of such civil actions taken by the Board or
            Attorney General; and
                ``(5) a description of why such civil actions were taken by
            the Board or Attorney General.
        ``(e) Subsequent Notification to Congress.--Not later than 15 days
    after the notification described in subsection (d), the Board shall
    submit a report to or brief the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate describing the
    status of compliance with the civil actions taken.''.

    SEC. 911. CLOSED UNACCEPTABLE RECOMMENDATIONS.

        Section 1116(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (6) as
            paragraphs (4) through (7), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) a list of each recommendation made by the Board to
            the Secretary of Transportation or the Commandant of the Coast
            Guard that was closed in an unacceptable status in the
            preceding 12 months;''.

    SEC. 912. ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE OF OVERSIGHT, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND
                  QUALITY ASSURANCE.

        (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 11 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 1120. Office of Oversight, Accountability, and Quality Assurance
        ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this section, the Board shall establish in the National
    Transportation Safety Board an Office of Oversight, Accountability, and
    Quality Assurance to provide oversight of the duties and
    responsibilities of the Board.
        ``(b) Director.--
                ``(1) Appointment.--The head of the Office of Oversight,
            Accountability, and Quality Assurance shall be the Director,
            who shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Board and shall
            be approved by the Board.
                ``(2) Qualifications.--The Director shall have demonstrated
            ability in investigations.
                ``(3) Term.--The Director shall be appointed for a term of
            5 years.
                ``(4) Vacancies.--Any individual approved to fill a vacancy
            in the position of the Director occurring before the expiration
            of the term for which the predecessor of the individual was
            approved shall be approved for the remainder of the term or for
            a new term.
        ``(c) Duties.--The Director shall--
                ``(1) establish and ensure policies that promote integrity,
            efficiency, and effectiveness;
                ``(2) prevent and detect waste, fraud, and abuse in
            programs and operations;
                ``(3) provide policy direction related to the conduct,
            supervision, and coordination of audits and investigations
            relating to the activities of the Board;
                ``(4) identify trends and systemic issues within the agency
            and create strategies and recommendations to address such
            issues;
                ``(5) conduct impartial information gathering about
            complaints or concerns, and ensure the Board is meeting any
            quality and timeliness standards; and
                ``(6) not conduct any of the duties under this subsection
            in a manner that interferes with an ongoing safety
            investigation of the Board.
        ``(d) Reporting Criminal Violations to Department of Justice.--If
    the Director has reasonable grounds to believe that there has been a
    violation of Federal criminal law, the Director shall refer the matter
    to the Department of Justice.
        ``(e) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be construed
    to interfere or give the Office jurisdiction over any active
    investigation by the Board or the content of products approved by a
    vote of the Board.
        ``(f) Annual Report.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Director shall submit to the Board,
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate an annual report on the
            activities, investigations, findings, and recommendations of
            the Director.
                ``(2) Sunset.--This subsection shall cease to have effect
            on October 1, 2028.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating to
    section 1119 the following:

    ``1120. Office of Oversight, Accountability, and Quality Assurance.''.
        (c) Peer Review.--Not earlier than 3 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act and not later than 5 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Oversight,
    Accountability, and Quality Assurance of the National Transportation
    Safety Board shall enter into the necessary arrangements with an
    inspector general, or similar Federal entity, to perform a peer review
    of the Office.

    SEC. 913. MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITIES.

        (a) Highway Investigations.--Section 1131(a)(1)(B) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``selects in cooperation
    with a State'' and inserting ``selects, concurrent with any State
    investigation''.
        (b) Rail Investigations.--Section 1131(a)(1)(C) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``accident in which there is a
    fatality or substantial property damage, or that involves a passenger
    train'' and inserting ``accident, including a railroad grade crossing
    or trespasser accident that the Board selects, or in which there is
    otherwise a fatality or substantial property damage, or that involves a
    passenger train''.

    SEC. 914. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF ACCIDENT REPORTS.

        Section 1131(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``public at reasonable cost.'' and inserting the following:
    ``public
                ``(1) in printed form at reasonable cost; and
                ``(2) in electronic form at no cost in a publicly
            accessible database on a website of the Board.''.

    SEC. 915. ENSURING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR TIMELINESS OF REPORTS.

        Section 1131 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(f) Timeliness of Reports.--If any accident report under
    subsection (e) is not completed within 2 years from the date of the
    accident, the Board shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report
    identifying such accident report and the reasons for which such report
    has not been completed. The Board shall report progress toward
    completion of the accident report to each such Committees every 90 days
    thereafter, until such time as the accident report is completed.''.

    SEC. 916. ENSURING ACCESS TO DATA.

        Section 1134 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(g) Recorders and Data.--In investigating an accident under this
    chapter, the Board may--
                ``(1) obtain any recorder or recorded information pertinent
            to the accident;
                ``(2) require a manufacturer or the vendors, suppliers, or
            affiliates of such manufacturer, to provide to the Board,
            without delay, information the Board determines necessary to
            enable the Board to read and interpret any recording device or
            recorded information pertinent to the accident; and
                ``(3) require a manufacturer or the vendors, suppliers, or
            affiliates of such manufacturer, to provide to the Board,
            without delay, data and other intellectual property the Board
            determines necessary to enable the Board to perform independent
            physics-based simulations and analyses of the accident
            situation.''.

    SEC. 917. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS.

        Section 1135(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``public at reasonable cost.'' and inserting the following:
    ``public--
                ``(1) in printed form at reasonable cost; and
                ``(2) in electronic form in a publicly accessible database
            on a website of the Board at no cost.''.

    SEC. 918. IMPROVING DELIVERY OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE.

        (a) Aircraft Accidents.--Section 1136 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in the heading by striking ``to families of passengers
            involved in aircraft accidents'' and inserting ``to passengers
            involved in aircraft accidents and families of such
            passengers'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by inserting ``within United States airspace or
                    airspace delegated to the United States'' after
                    ``aircraft accident'';
                        (B) by striking ``National Transportation Safety
                    Board shall'' and inserting ``Board shall''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``emotional care and
                            support'' and inserting ``emotional,
                            psychological, and spiritual care and support
                            services''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``the families of
                            passengers involved in the accident'' and
                            inserting ``passengers involved in the accident
                            and the families of such passengers'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    striking ``the families of passengers involved in the
                    accident'' and inserting ``passengers involved in the
                    accident and the families of such passengers'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``mental health
                    and counseling services'' and inserting ``emotional,
                    psychological, and spiritual care and support
                    services'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by striking ``the families who have
                            traveled to the location of the accident'' and
                            inserting ``passengers involved in the accident
                            and the families of such passengers who have
                            traveled to the location of the accident''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``passengers and'' before
                            ``affected families''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``passengers
                    and'' before ``families'';
                (4) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
        ``(d) Passenger Lists.--
                ``(1) Requests for passenger lists by the director of
            family services.--
                        ``(A) Requests by director of family support
                    services.--It shall be the responsibility of the
                    director of family support services designated for an
                    accident under subsection (a)(1) to request, as soon as
                    practicable, from the air carrier or foreign air
                    carrier involved in the accident a passenger list,
                    which is based on the best available information at the
                    time of the request.
                        ``(B) Use of information.--The director of family
                    support services may not release to any person
                    information on a list obtained under subparagraph (A),
                    except that the director may, to the extent the
                    director considers appropriate, provide information on
                    the list about a passenger to--
                                ``(i) the family of the passenger; or
                                ``(ii) a local, State, or Federal agency
                            responsible for determining the whereabouts or
                            welfare of a passenger.
                ``(2) Requests for passenger lists by designated
            organization.--
                        ``(A) Requests by designated organization.--The
                    organization designated for an accident under
                    subsection (a)(2) may request from the air carrier or
                    foreign air carrier involved in the accident a
                    passenger list.
                        ``(B) Use of information.--The designated
                    organization may not release to any person information
                    on a passenger list but may provide information on the
                    list about a passenger to the family of the passenger
                    to the extent the organization considers
                    appropriate.'';
                (5) in subsection (g)(1) by striking ``the families of
            passengers involved in the accident'' and inserting
            ``passengers involved in the accident and the families of such
            passengers'';
                (6) in subsection (g)(3)--
                        (A) in the paragraph heading by striking ``prevent
                    mental health and counseling'' and inserting ``prevent
                    certain care and support'';
                        (B) by striking ``providing mental health and
                    counseling services'' and inserting ``providing
                    emotional, psychological, and spiritual care and
                    support''; and
                        (C) by inserting ``passengers and'' before
                    ``families'';
                (7) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) by striking ``National Transportation Safety'';
                    and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Passenger list.--The term `passenger list' means a
            list based on the best available information at the time of a
            request, of the name of each passenger aboard the aircraft
            involved in the accident.''; and
                (8) in subsection (i) by striking ``the families of
            passengers involved in an aircraft accident'' and inserting
            ``passengers involved in the aircraft accident and the families
            of such passengers''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by striking the item relating to
    section 1136 and inserting the following:

    ``1136. Assistance to passengers involved in aircraft accidents and
                                families of such passengers.''.
        (c) Rail Accidents.--Section 1139 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in the heading by striking ``to families of passengers
            involved in rail passenger accidents'' and inserting ``to
            passengers involved in rail passenger accidents and families of
            such passengers'';
                (2) in subsection (a) by striking ``National Transportation
            Safety Board shall'' and inserting ``Board shall'';
                (3) in subsection (a)(2)--
                        (A) by striking ``emotional care and support'' and
                    inserting ``emotional, psychological and spiritual care
                    and support services''; and
                        (B) by striking ``the families of passengers
                    involved in the accident'' and inserting ``passengers
                    involved in the accident and the families of such
                    passengers'';
                (4) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``the families of passengers involved in the
                    accident'' and inserting ``passengers involved in the
                    accident and the families of such passengers'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``mental health
                    and counseling services'' and inserting ``emotional,
                    psychological, and spiritual care and support
                    services'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by striking ``the families who have
                            traveled to the location of the accident'' and
                            inserting ``passengers involved in the accident
                            and the families of such passengers who have
                            traveled to the location of the accident''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``passengers and'' before
                            ``affected families''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``passengers
                    and'' before ``families'';
                (5) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
        ``(d) Passenger Lists.--
                ``(1) Requests for passenger lists by the director of
            family services.--
                        ``(A) Requests by director of family support
                    services.--It shall be the responsibility of the
                    director of family support services designated for an
                    accident under subsection (a)(1) to request, as soon as
                    practicable, from the rail passenger carrier involved
                    in the accident a passenger list, which is based on the
                    best available information at the time of the request.
                        ``(B) Use of information.--The director of family
                    support services may not release to any person
                    information on a list obtained under subparagraph (A),
                    except that the director may, to the extent the
                    director considers appropriate, provide information on
                    the list about a passenger to--
                                ``(i) the family of the passenger; or
                                ``(ii) a local, State, or Federal agency
                            responsible for determining the whereabouts or
                            welfare of a passenger.
                ``(2) Requests for passenger lists by designated
            organization.--
                        ``(A) Requests by designated organization.--The
                    organization designated for an accident under
                    subsection (a)(2) may request from the rail passenger
                    carrier involved in the accident a passenger list.
                        ``(B) Use of information.--The designated
                    organization may not release to any person information
                    on a passenger list but may provide information on the
                    list about a passenger to the family of the passenger
                    to the extent the organization considers
                    appropriate.'';
                (6) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``the families of
            passengers involved in the accident'' and inserting
            ``passengers involved in the accident and the families of such
            passengers'';
                (7) in subsection (g)(3)--
                        (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``prevent
                    mental health and counseling'' and inserting ``prevent
                    certain care and support'';
                        (B) by striking ``providing mental health and
                    counseling services'' and inserting ``providing
                    emotional, psychological, and spiritual care and
                    support''; and
                        (C) by inserting ``passengers and'' before
                    ``families''; and
                (8) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) by striking ``National Transportation Safety'';
                    and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Passenger list.--The term `passenger list' means a
            list based on the best available information at the time of the
            request, of the name of each passenger aboard the rail
            passenger carrier's train involved in the accident. A rail
            passenger carrier shall use reasonable efforts, with respect to
            its unreserved trains, and passengers not holding reservations
            on its other trains, to ascertain the names of passengers
            aboard a train involved in an accident.''.
        (d) Plans To Address Needs of Families of Passengers Involved in
    Rail Passenger Accidents.--Section 24316(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``a major'' and inserting ``any''.
        (e) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by striking the item relating to
    section 1139 and inserting the following:

    ``1139. Assistance to passengers involved in rail passenger accidents
                                and families of such passengers.''.

    SEC. 919. UPDATING CIVIL PENALTY AUTHORITY.

        Section 1155 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``Aviation penalties'' and
            inserting ``Penalties''; and
                (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``or section 1136(g)
            (related to an aircraft accident)'' and inserting ``section
            1136(g), or 1139(g)''.

    SEC. 920. ELECTRONIC AVAILABILITY OF PUBLIC DOCKET RECORDS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 24 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the National Transportation Safety Board shall
    make all records included in the public docket of an accident or
    incident investigation conducted by the Board (or the public docket of
    a study, report, or other product issued by the Board) electronically
    available in a publicly accessible database on a website of the Board,
    regardless of the date on which such public docket or record was
    created.
        (b) Database.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Board may
    utilize the multimodal accident database management system established
    pursuant to section 1108 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49
    U.S.C. 1119 note) or such other publicly available database as the
    Board determines appropriate.
        (c) Briefings.--The Board shall provide the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate an
    annual briefing on the implementation of this section until
    requirements of subsection (a) are fulfilled. Such briefings shall
    include--
                (1) the number of public dockets that have been made
            electronically available pursuant to this section; and
                (2) the number of public dockets that were unable to be
            made electronically available, including all reasons for such
            inability.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``public docket'' and
    ``record'' have the same meanings given such terms in section 801.3 of
    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of
    enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 921. DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE.

        Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the National Transportation Safety Board shall implement a drug testing
    program applicable to Board employees, including employees in safety or
    security sensitive positions, in accordance with Executive Order No.
    12564 (51 Fed. Reg. 32889).

    SEC. 922. ACCESSIBILITY IN WORKPLACE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 12 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the National Transportation Safety Board shall
    conduct an assessment of the headquarters and regional offices of the
    Board to determine barriers to accessibility to facilities.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the assessment under subsection (a),
    the Board shall consider--
                (1) compliance with--
                        (A) the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 (42
                    U.S.C. 4151 et seq.) and the corresponding
                    accessibility guidelines established under part 1191 of
                    title 36, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                        (B) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42
                    U.S.C. 12101 et seq.); and
                (2) the best accessibility practices that exceed the
            requirements and recommendations of the Acts and guidelines
            described in paragraph (1).

    SEC. 923. MOST WANTED LIST.

        (a) Termination of Publication.--Not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Chairman of the National
    Transportation Safety Board shall terminate publication of the Most
    Wanted List and any activities associated with production of any future
    Most Wanted List.
        (b) Rules of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to prohibit the Board from--
                (1) conducting advocacy activities unrelated to the Most
            Wanted List that the Board had the authority to conduct prior
            to the date of enactment of this Act; and
                (2) maintaining materials related to previously issued Most
            Wanted Lists.
        (c) Most Wanted List Defined.--In this section, the term ``Most
    Wanted List'' has the meaning given such term in section 1102 of the
    FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (49 U.S.C. 1101 note).

    SEC. 924. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        (a) Evaluation and Audit of National Transportation Safety Board.--
    Section 1138(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``expenditures of the National Transportation Safety'' and inserting
    ``expenditures of the''.
        (b) Organization and Administrative.--The analysis for chapter 11
    of title 49, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) by striking the items relating to sections 117 and
            1117; and
                (2) by inserting after the item relating to section 1116
            the following:

    ``1117. Methodology.''.
        (c) Surface Transportation Board.--The analysis for subtitle II of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
    relating to chapter 11 the following:

    ``13. Surface Transportation Board.''.

    SEC. 925. AIR SAFETY INVESTIGATORS.

        (a) Removal of FAA Medical Certificate Requirement.--Not later than
    60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the
    Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Chairman of the National
    Transportation Safety Board, shall take such actions as may be
    necessary to revise the eligibility requirements for the Air Safety
    Investigating Series 1815 occupational series (and any similar
    occupational series relating to transportation accident investigating)
    to remove any requirement that an individual hold a current medical
    certificate issued by Administrator.
        (b) Updates to Other Requirements.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Director, in coordination with the
            with the Administrator and Chairman, shall take such actions as
            may be necessary to update and revise experiential,
            educational, and other eligibility requirements for the Air
            Safety Investigating Series 1815 occupational series (and any
            similar occupational series relating to transportation accident
            investigating).
                (2) Considerations.--In updating the requirements under
            paragraph (1), the Director shall consider--
                        (A) the direct relationship between any requirement
                    and the duties expected to be performed by the
                    position;
                        (B) changes in the skills and tools necessary to
                    perform transportation accident investigations; and
                        (C) such other considerations as the Director,
                    Administrator, or Chairman determines appropriate.

                      TITLE X--FREEDOM TO FLY ACT OF 2023

    SEC. 1001. SHORT TITLE.

        This title may be cited as the ``Freedom to Fly Act of 2023''.

    SEC. 1002. PROHIBITION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF VACCINATION MANDATE.

        The Administrator may not implement or enforce any requirement that
    employees of air carriers be vaccinated against COVID-19.

    SEC. 1003. PROHIBITION ON VACCINATION REQUIREMENTS FOR FAA CONTRACTORS.

        The Administrator may not require any contractor to mandate that
    employees of such contractor obtain a COVID-19 vaccine or enforce any
    condition regarding COVID-19 vaccination status of employees of a
    contractor.

    SEC. 1004. PROHIBITION ON VACCINE MANDATE FOR FAA EMPLOYEES.

        The Administrator may not implement or enforce any requirement that
    employees of the Administration be vaccinated against COVID-19.

    SEC. 1005. PROHIBITION ON VACCINE MANDATE FOR PASSENGERS OF AIR
                  CARRIERS.

        The Administrator may not implement or enforce any requirement that
    passengers of air carriers be vaccinated against COVID-19.

    SEC. 1006. PROHIBITION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF A MASK MANDATE.

        The Administrator may not implement or enforce any requirement that
    employee of air carriers wear a mask.

    SEC. 1007. PROHIBITION ON MASK MANDATES FOR FAA CONTRACTORS.

        The Administrator may not require any contractor to mandate that
    employees of such contractor wear a mask.

    SEC. 1008. PROHIBITION ON MASK MANDATE FOR FAA EMPLOYEES.

        The Administrator may not implement or enforce any requirement that
    employees of the Administration wear a mask.

    SEC. 1009. PROHIBITION ON MASK MANDATE FOR PASSENGERS OF AIR CARRIERS.

        The Administrator may not implement or enforce any requirement that
    passengers of air carriers wear a mask.

    SEC. 1010. DEFINITIONS.

        In this title:
                (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administration'' means the
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
                (2) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 40102 of title 49, United States
            Code.

                     TITLE XI--FAA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

    SEC. 1101. SHORT TITLE.

        This title may be cited as the ``FAA Research and Development Act
    of 2023''.

    SEC. 1102. DEFINITIONS.

        In this title:
                (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
                (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
            ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means the Committee on
            Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives
            and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
            the Senate.
                (3) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation
            Administration.
                (4) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics
            and Space Administration.
                (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of Transportation.

                  Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

    SEC. 1111. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        Subsection (a) of section 48102 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (14), by striking ``and'';
                (2) in paragraph (15) by striking the period at the end and
            inserting a semicolon; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
                ``(16) $255,130,000; for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(17) $261,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(18) $267,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                ``(19) $273,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                ``(20) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.

             Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

    SEC. 1121. REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION; FUNDING FOR SAFETY RESEARCH AND
                  DEVELOPMENT.

        Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this
    title, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the allocation of
    funding pursuant to section 48102 of title 49, United States Code, to
    the Secretary of Transportation to conduct civil aviation research and
    development and to assess the implementation of section 48102(b)(2) of
    such title.

              Subtitle C--FAA Research and Development Activities

    SEC. 1131. AVIATION FUEL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND USAGE.

        (a) Roadmap.--Not later than nine months after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Secretary of Transportation shall
    coordinate with the Administrator of NASA, the Secretary of Energy, and
    the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and consult
    relevant stakeholders, including those in industry and academia, to
    prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    coordinated research and development roadmap to safely eliminate the
    use of leaded aviation fuel in existing and future certified piston-
    engine aircraft. Such roadmap shall--
                (1) identify activities to accelerate the development,
            testing, and certification of safe and lead-free fuel for use
            in general aviation aircraft, including requisite airport
            refueling infrastructure; and
                (2) consider the feasibility of widespread use of such safe
            and lead-free aviation fuel by not later than 2028.
        (b) Partnership With Private Industry.--The Administrator shall
    coordinate with industry and pilot operators regarding research
    programs for mass production and distribution of unleaded aviation
    gasoline for market viability engine safety, and define criteria to
    explore incentive programs to reduce lead emissions for communities in
    need.

    SEC. 1132. CONTINUOUS LOWER ENERGY, EMISSION, AND NOISE (CLEEN).

        The Administrator shall consider expanding the CLEEN program under
    section 47511 of title 49, United States Code, and broadening
    eligibility for the CLEEN program to new entrants to the aviation
    system.

    SEC. 1133. STRATEGY ON HYDROGEN AVIATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator, in consultation with the
    Administrator of NASA and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies,
    shall lead the development of a research and development strategy on
    the safe use of hydrogen as part of a sustainable future for aviation.
    Such strategy shall consider the following:
                (1) The feasibility, opportunities, challenges, and
            pathways toward the potential and safe uses of hydrogen in
            aviation.
                (2) The use of hydrogen in addition to research and
            development efforts, including electrification, operational
            efficiencies and other alternatives to traditional aviation
            fuel.
        (b) Transmittal.--Not later than one year after the date of the
    enactment of the Act, the Administrator shall transmit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress the research and development
    strategy required under subsection (a).
        (c) Research and Development.--Based on the results of the research
    and development strategy under subsection (a), the Administrator, in
    coordination with the Administrator of NASA, may conduct research and
    development activities into the following:
                (1) The qualification of hydrogen aviation fuel.
                (2) The safe transition to such fuel for aircraft.
                (3) The advancement of certification efforts for such fuel.
                (4) Risk mitigation measures for the use of such fuel in
            aircraft systems, including propulsion and storage systems.

    SEC. 1134. REPORT ON FUTURE ELECTRIC GRID RESILIENCY.

        Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this
    title, the Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy,
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, and make
    publicly available on a website of the Administration, a report on the
    model use of the electrical grid to support future electric advanced
    air mobility, including cost, challenges, and opportunities for clean
    generation of electricity relating to such support.

    SEC. 1135. AIR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE OVER OCEANS AND OTHER REMOTE
                  LOCATIONS.

        (a) Air Traffic Surveillance Over Oceans.--Subject to the
    availability of appropriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in
    consultation with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of other
    relevant Federal agencies, shall carry out research, development,
    demonstration, and testing on civilian air traffic surveillance over
    oceans and other remote locations.
        (b) Requirements.--In carrying out the research, development,
    demonstration, and testing under subsection (a), the Administrator
    shall--
                (1) consider the need for international interoperability of
            technologies, data, operations, and air traffic control
            systems;
                (2) examine the status of using air traffic surveillance
            technologies, including space-based Automatic Dependent
            Surveillance-Broadcast, to facilitate the implementation of
            minimal separation standards over United States-controlled
            oceanic airspace;
                (3) identify mitigating approaches to reducing any
            operational challenges, associated costs, or workload impacts;
            and
                (4) use testing, data collection, evaluation, and analysis
            on the use of air traffic surveillance technologies, including
            space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, to
            support the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (3).
        (c) Pilot Program.--The Administrator may carry out a pilot program
    to test and evaluate air traffic surveillance equipment over United
    States-controlled oceanic airspace and other remote locations.
        (d) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the activities carried
    out under this section.

    SEC. 1136. UTILIZATION OF SPACE-BASED ASSETS TO IMPROVE AIR TRAFFIC
                  CONTROL AND AVIATION SAFETY.

        (a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations for
    such purpose, the Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator
    of NASA, and in consultation with industry stakeholders, shall carry
    out research, development, and testing of the use of air traffic Space-
    Based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data.
        (b) Research Activities.--In carrying out the research,
    development, and testing under subsection (a) the Administrator shall
    focus on the following:
                (1) Monitoring and automatically reporting air turbulence
            events.
                (2) Providing space-based multilateration surveillance.
                (3) Identifying global positioning system (GPS) and global
            navigation satellite system (GNSS) disruptions affecting air
            traffic services and assessing the impact of such events on the
            safety of air traffic and the National Airspace System.
                (4) Evaluating the feasibility of implementing and using
            aviation safety technologies and systems using space-based
            Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast data.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall provide to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the research and
    development under subsection (a) and the activities researched pursuant
    to subsection (b).

    SEC. 1137. AVIATION WEATHER TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

        (a) Review.--The Administrator, in consultation with the
    Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
    shall conduct a review of current and planned research, modeling, and
    technology capabilities that have the potential to more accurately
    detect and predict weather impacts to aviation, including for unmanned
    aircraft systems and advanced air mobility operations, inform how
    advanced predictive models can enhance aviation operations, and
    increase national airspace system safety and efficiency.
        (b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of
    the review conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 1138. AIR TRAFFIC SURFACE OPERATIONS SAFETY.

        (a) Research.--Subject to the availability of appropriations for
    such purpose, the Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator
    of NASA and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall
    continue to carry out research on technologies and operations to
    enhance air traffic surface operations safety.
        (b) Requirements.--The research program under subsection (a) shall
    examine the following:
                (1) The safety of current air traffic control operations
            related to air traffic surface operations.
                (2) Emerging in-cockpit technologies to enhance ground
            situational awareness.
                (3) Emerging technologies to enhance air traffic control
            situational awareness.
                (4) Air traffic surface operations safety for diverse
            advanced air mobility operations.
                (5) Safety and operational data needed to inform current
            and future safety programs on advanced air mobility vehicles.
                (6) Economic benefits of utilizing existing airport
            infrastructure for use in advanced air mobility operations.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the research carried out
    under this section, including regarding the transition into operational
    use of such research.

    SEC. 1139. AIRPORT AND AIRFIELD PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAM.

        Section 744 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-
    254; 49 U.S.C. 44505 note) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'';
                (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``durable airfield
            pavements.'' and inserting ``resilient and sustainable airfield
            and vertiport pavements; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
                ``(5) develop sustainability and resiliency guidelines to
            improve long-term pavement performance and reduce carbon
            emissions.''.

    SEC. 1140. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE
                  LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES.

        (a) Review.--The Administrator shall conduct a review of current
    and planned artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies
    to improve airport efficiency and safety.
        (b) Summaries.--The review conducted under subsection (a) shall
    include examination of the application of artificial intelligence and
    machine learning technologies to the following:
                (1) Jet bridges.
                (2) Airport service vehicles on airport movement areas.
                (3) Aircraft taxi.
                (4) Any other areas the Administrator determines necessary
            to help improve airport efficiency and safety.
        (c) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of
    the review conducted under subsection (a). The report shall also
    include an examination of China's domestic application of artificial
    intelligence and machine learning technologies identified under
    subsection (b).

    SEC. 1141. RESEARCH PLAN FOR COMMERCIAL SUPERSONIC RESEARCH.

        Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this
    title, the Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of
    NASA and industry, shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a comprehensive research plan to build on existing research
    and development activities and identify any further research and
    development needed to inform the development of Federal and
    international policies, regulations, standards, and recommended
    practices relating to the certification and safe and efficient
    operation of civil supersonic aircraft and supersonic overland flight.

    SEC. 1142. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall conduct research,
    engineering, and development related to the effective and efficient use
    and management of radio frequency spectrum in the civil aviation
    domain, including for aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and advanced
    air mobility. Such research, engineering, and development shall, at a
    minimum, address the following:
                (1) How reallocation or repurposing of radio frequency
            spectrum adjacent to spectrum allocated for communication,
            navigation, and surveillance may impact the safety of civil
            aviation.
                (2) The effectiveness of measures to identify risks,
            protect, and mitigate against spectrum interference in
            frequency bands used in civil and commercial aviation
            operations to ensure public safety.
        (b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of
    the research, engineering, and development conducted under subsection
    (a).

    SEC. 1143. AVIATION STRUCTURES, MATERIALS, AND ADVANCED MANUFACTURING
                  RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        (a) In General.--Using the amounts available under section 48102(a)
    of title 49, United States Code, the Administrator, in coordination
    with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and
    Technology, shall carry out a research and development program for
    advancing aviation structures, materials, and manufacturing for the
    safe use in and on aircraft.
        (b) Inclusion.--The program under subsection (a) shall, to the
    extent practicable, include research and development relating to the
    following:
                (1) Metallic and non-metallic based additive materials and
            processes, composites, and other advanced materials.
                (2) Process development for the development of design and
            manufacturing standards for aviation structures, materials, and
            additive manufacturing.
                (3) Improving certification efficiency of aviation
            structures, materials, and additively manufactured aviation
            products and components.
                (4) Evaluating long-term material and structural behavior
            and associated maintenance, including support for fatigue life
            determination, structural changes related to fatigue, thermal,
            corrosive environments, and expected maintenance of such
            materials, including recommended repair techniques.
                (5) Partnering with commercial entities to mature and
            certify, as appropriate, the following capabilities for use in
            aircraft manufacturing:
                        (A) Additive manufacturing, including large-scale
                    additive manufacturing.
                        (B) Aviation structures.
                        (C) Advanced materials capabilities, including the
                    development and qualification of new material
                    chemistries.
                (6) Inspection and quality assurance technologies for use
            with complex geometries enabled by advanced manufacturing
            methods.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall provide to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the
    research under subsection (a).

    SEC. 1144. RESEARCH PLAN ON THE REMOTE TOWER PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a comprehensive plan for research,
    development, testing, and evaluation needed to mature remote tower
    technology and provide a strategic roadmap to support standards
    development, validation, and operational certification of such
    technology.
        (b) Considerations.--As part of the plan required under subsection
    (a), the Administrator should consider the use of remote tower
    technologies for advanced air mobility operations.

    SEC. 1145. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TRAINING.

        (a) Research.--Subject to the availability of appropriations for
    such purpose, the Administrator shall carry out a research program to
    evaluate opportunities to modernize, enhance, and streamline training
    time to become a Certified Professional Controller.
        (b) Requirements.--The research under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) assess the use of advanced technologies, such as
            artificial intelligence, machine learning, adaptive computer-
            based simulation, virtual reality, or augmented reality, to
            enhance controller knowledge retention, improve performance,
            and improve the effectiveness of training time;
                (2) develop a timeline to deploy proven advanced
            technologies and associated processes for accreditation in
            training programs and training facilities within the national
            airspace system; and
                (3) include collaboration with labor organizations and
            other stakeholders.
        (c) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the
    enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the
    research under subsection (a).

    SEC. 1146. REPORT ON AVIATION CYBERSECURITY DIRECTIVES.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this title,
    the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on the status of the FAA's implementation of section
    2111 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law
    114-190; 49 U.S.C. 44903 note; relating to the development of a
    comprehensive and strategic aviation cybersecurity framework and
    establishment of a research and development plan to mitigate
    cybersecurity risks in the National Airspace System). The report, at
    minimum, shall include the following:
                (1) A description of the FAA's progress in developing,
            implementing, and updating such framework.
                (2) A description of prioritized research and development
            activities for the most needed improvements, with target dates,
            to safeguard the National Airspace System.
                (3) An explanation for any delays or challenges in so
            implementing such section.

    SEC. 1147. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING COLLABORATIONS.

        Nothing in this title may be construed as modifying or limiting
    existing collaborations, or limiting potential engagement on future
    collaborations, between the Administrator, stakeholders, and labor
    organizations, including the exclusive bargaining representative of air
    traffic controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United
    States Code, pertaining to Federal Aviation Administration research,
    development, demonstration, and testing activities.

    SEC. 1148. TURBULENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        (a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations for
    such purpose, the Administrator, in collaboration with the
    Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
    and in consultation with the Administrator of NASA, shall carry out
    applied research and development to--
                (1) enhance the monitoring and understanding of severe
            turbulence, including clear-air turbulence; and
                (2) inform the development of measures to mitigate safety
            impacts on crew and the flying public that may result from
            severe turbulence.
        (b) Research and Development Activities.--In conducting the
    research and development on severe turbulence in accordance with
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
                (1) establish processes and procedures for comprehensive
            and systematic data collection through both instrumentation and
            pilot reporting, of severe turbulence, including clear-air
            turbulence;
                (2) establish measures for storing and managing such data
            collection;
                (3) support measures for monitoring and characterizing
            incidents of severe turbulence;
                (4) consider relevant existing research and development
            from other entities, including Federal departments and
            agencies, academia, and the private sector; and
                (5) carry out research and development--
                        (A) to understand the impacts of climate change and
                    other factors on the nature of turbulence, including
                    severe turbulence and clear-air turbulence;
                        (B) to enhance turbulence forecasts for flight
                    planning and execution, seasonal predictions for
                    schedule and route-planning, and long-term projections
                    of severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence;
                    and
                        (C) on other subject matters areas related to
                    severe turbulence, as determined by the Administrator;
                    and
                (6) support the effective transition of the results of
            research and development to operations, where appropriate.
        (c) No Duplication.--The Administrator shall ensure that research
    and development activities under this section do not duplicate other
    Federal programs relating to turbulence.
        (d) Turbulence Data.--
                (1) Commercial providers.--In conducting research and
            development activities under subsection (b), the Administrator
            may enter into agreements with commercial providers for the
            following:
                        (A) The purchase of turbulence data.
                        (B) The placement on aircraft of instruments
                    relevant to understanding and monitoring turbulence.
                (2) Data access.--The Administrator shall make the data
            collected pursuant to subsection (b) widely available and
            accessible to the scientific research, user, and stakeholder
            communities, including the Administrator of the National
            Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to the greatest extent
            practicable and in accordance with Federal Aviation
            Administration data management policies.
        (e) Report on Turbulence Research.--Not later than 15 months after
    the date of the enactment of this title, the Administrator, in
    collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and
    Atmospheric Administration, shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report that--
                (1) details the activities conducted under this section,
            including how the research and development activities under
            subsection (b) have contributed to the goals specified in
            subsection (a);
                (2) assesses the current state of scientific understanding
            of the causes, occurrence rates, and past and projected future
            trends in occurrence rates of severe turbulence, including
            clear-air turbulence;
                (3) describes the processes and procedures for collecting,
            storing, and managing, data in pursuant to subsection (b);
                (4) assesses--
                        (A) the use of commercial providers pursuant to
                    subsection (d)(1); and
                        (B) the need for any future Federal Government
                    collection or procurement of data and instruments
                    related to turbulence, including an assessment of
                    costs;
                (5) describes how such data will be made available to the
            scientific research, user, and stakeholder communities; and
                (6) identifies future research and development needed to
            inform the development of measures to predict and mitigate the
            safety impacts that may result from severe turbulence,
            including clear-air turbulence.

    SEC. 1149. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall carry out research,
    development, testing, evaluation, and demonstration programs for low-
    carbon alternative aviation fuels, which may include next-generation
    feedstocks, biofuels, and bioderived chemicals.
        (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall collaborate with
    Federal agencies, industry stakeholders, research institutions, and
    other relevant stakeholders, to accelerate the research, development,
    testing, evaluation, and demonstrations programs described in
    subsection (a) and facilitate United States sustainability and
    competitiveness in aviation.

    SEC. 1150. LIMITATION.

        None of the funds authorized in this title may be used to conduct
    research, develop, design, plan, promulgate, implement, or execute a
    policy, program, order, or contract of any kind with the Chinese
    Communist Party or any Chinese-owned entity unless such activities are
    specifically authorized by a law enacted after the date of enactment of
    this title.

    SEC. 1151. CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR ALTERNATIVE JET FUELS AND
                  ENVIRONMENT (ASCENT).

        The Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment
    (ASCENT) shall subject to the availability of appropriations for such
    purpose and consistent with the research and development strategy in
    section 1133, conduct research on hydrogen to increase aviation
    decarbonization. Such research shall be in addition to any other
    research authorized to be carried out by the Center, including other
    research relating to hydrogen.

    SEC. 1152. STUDY ON AERONAUTICAL STANDARDS.

        (a) Study Required.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics
    and Space Administration, in consultation with the Secretary of
    Defense, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, and
    the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration, shall conduct a study on the modernization of
    aeronautical standards.
        (b) Designation.--The study conducted under subsection (a) shall be
    known as the ``Modernization of Aeronautical Standards and Aircraft
    Performance Study''.
        (c) Elements.--The study conducted under subsection (a) shall
    include the following:
                (1) An assessment of differences between current
            atmospheric conditions and baseline atmospheric conditions,
            including both mean and extreme values.
                (2) An analysis of the impacts to operation, maintenance,
            and sustainment costs of covered commercial aircraft due to the
            differences identified under paragraph (1).
                (3) An estimation of the number of weight restriction hours
            for covered commercial aircraft at covered commercial airports
            under baseline, current, and projected atmospheric conditions.
                (4) An assessment of required infrastructure investment at
            covered commercial airports such that the number of weight
            restriction hours under projected atmospheric conditions is
            equivalent to the number of weight restriction hours with
            current infrastructure and route structure under baseline and
            current atmospheric conditions.
                (5) Recommendations for atmospheric and climatic design
            requirements for future commercial aircraft to account for
            projected atmospheric conditions.
                (6) An analysis of impacts to operation, maintenance, and
            sustainment costs and aircraft performance of military aircraft
            due to the differences identified under paragraph (1).
                (7) Atmospheric and climatic design requirements for
            military aircraft, or other equipment, which should be updated
            to account for current and projected atmospheric conditions.
                (8) Recommended updates or supplements to atmospheric
            standards due to current atmospheric conditions.
                (9) Criteria under which future updates or supplements to
            atmospheric standards should be made.
        (d) Transmittal.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
    Space Administration shall transmit the results of the study to the
    Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and
    the congressional defense committees not later than 18 months after the
    date of the enactment of this Act.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Aircraft performance.--The term ``aircraft
            performance'' includes the following:
                        (A) Range.
                        (B) Payload capacity.
                        (C) Runway length requirement.
                        (D) Climb rate.
                        (E) Turn rate.
                        (F) Operating altitude.
                        (G) Acceleration.
                (2) Atmospheric standards.--The term ``atmospheric
            standards'' means the following:
                        (A) The United States Standard Atmosphere of 1976.
                        (B) MIL-HDBK-310, Climatic Information to Determine
                    Design and Test Requirements for Military Systems and
                    Equipment.
                        (C) Any other standard as determined by the
                    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
                    Administration.
                (3) Baseline atmospheric conditions.--The term ``baseline
            atmospheric conditions'' means the atmospheric conditions
            referred to in the most recent release of an atmospheric
            standard.
                (4) Covered commercial airports.--The term ``covered
            commercial airports'' means the following:
                        (A) The 30 commercial service airports (as such
                    term is defined in section 47102(7) of title 49, United
                    States Code) with the most passenger boardings in the
                    most recent calendar year ending before the date of the
                    enactment of this Act.
                        (B) The five public airports (as such term is
                    defined in section 47102(21) of title 49, United States
                    Code) not described in clause (i) with the highest all-
                    cargo landed weight in the most recent calendar year
                    ending before the date of the enactment of this Act.
                (5) Covered commercial aircraft.--The term ``covered
            commercial aircraft'' means the ten aircraft types still in
            production with the highest number of operations at covered
            commercial airports in the most recent calendar year ending
            before the date of the enactment of this Act.
                (6) Commercial aircraft.--The term ``commercial aircraft''
            means an air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code
            of Federal Regulations.
                (7) Congressional defense committees.--The term
            ``congressional defense committees'' has the meaning given that
            term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code.
                (8) Current atmospheric conditions.--The term ``current
            atmospheric conditions'' means the atmospheric conditions
            observed in the five most recent calendar years ending before
            the date of the enactment of this Act.
                (9) Projected atmospheric conditions.--The term ``projected
            atmospheric conditions'' means the mean atmospheric conditions
            projected by the International Panel on Climate Change under
            the Sixth Assessment Report in scenarios--
                        (A) SSP1-1.9;
                        (B) SSP1-2.6;
                        (C) SSP2-4.5;
                        (D) SSP3-7.0; and
                        (E) SSP5-8.5.
                (10) Military aircraft.--The term ``military aircraft''
            means an aircraft that--
                        (A) is currently being developed, procured, or
                    operated by the Department of Defense; and
                        (B) is a bomber, fighter, attack helicopter,
                    transport helicopter, strategic transport, tactical
                    transport, or surveillance aircraft.
                (11) Passenger boardings.--The term ``passenger boardings''
            has the meaning given such term in section 47102(15) of title
            49, United States Code.
                (12) Weight restriction hour.--The term ``weight
            restriction hour'' means an hour when the maximum temperature
            for that hour matches or exceeds the weight-restriction
            temperature threshold for a specific aircraft.

                     TITLE XII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

    SEC. 1201. AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND EXPENDITURE AUTHORITY.

        (a) In General.--Section 9502(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of
    1986 is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking
            ``October 1, 2023'' and inserting ``October 1, 2028''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking the semicolon at the
            end and inserting ``or the Securing Growth and Robust
            Leadership in American Aviation Act;''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 9502(e)(2) of such Code is
    amended by striking ``October 1, 2023'' and inserting ``October 1,
    2028''.

    SEC. 1202. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.

        (a) Fuel Taxes.--Section 4081(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code
    of 1986 is amended by striking ``September 30, 2023'' and inserting
    ``September 30, 2028''.
        (b) Ticket Taxes.--
                (1) Persons.--Section 4261(k)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is
            amended by striking ``September 30, 2023'' and inserting
            ``September 30, 2028''.
                (2) Property.--Section 4271(d)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is
            amended by striking ``September 30, 2023'' and inserting
            ``September 30, 2028''.
        (c) Fractional Ownership Programs.--
                (1) Fuel tax.--Section 4043(d) of such Code is amended by
            striking ``September 30, 2023'' and inserting ``September 30,
            2028''.
                (2) Treatment as noncommercial aviation.--Section 4083(b)
            of such Code is amended by striking ``October 1, 2023'' and
            inserting ``October 1, 2028''.
                (3) Exemption from ticket tax.--Section 4261(j) of such
            Code is amended by striking ``September 30, 2023'' and
            inserting ``September 30, 2028''.

    SEC. 1203. DESIGNATION OF CERTAIN AIRPORTS AS PORTS OF ENTRY.

        (a) In General.--The President shall--
                (1) pursuant to the Act of August 1, 1914 (38 Stat. 623,
            chapter 223; 19 U.S.C. 2), designate each airport described in
            subsection (b) as a port of entry; and
                (2) terminate the application of the user fee requirement
            under section 236 of the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 (19
            U.S.C. 58b) with respect to the airport.
        (b) Airports Described.--An airport described in this subsection is
    an airport that--
                (1) is a primary airport (as defined in section 47102 of
            title 49, United States Code);
                (2) is located not more than 30 miles from the northern or
            southern international land border of the United States;
                (3) is associated, through a formal, legal instrument,
            including a valid contract or governmental ordinance, with a
            land border crossing or a seaport not more than 30 miles from
            the airport; and
                (4) through such association, meets the numerical criteria
            considered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection for
            establishing a port of entry, as set forth in--
                        (A) Treasury Decision 82-37 (47 Fed. Reg. 10137;
                    relating to revision of customs criteria for
                    establishing ports of entry and stations), as revised
                    by Treasury Decisions 86-14 (51 Fed. Reg. 4559) and 87-
                    65 (52 Fed. Reg. 16328); or
                        (B) any successor guidance or regulation.

                Passed the House of Representatives July 20, 2023.

                Attest:

                                                                     Clerk.
    118th CONGRESS

      1st Session

                                   H. R. 3935

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                     AN ACT

     To amend title 49, United States Code, to reauthorize and improve the
    Federal Aviation Administration and other civil aviation programs, and
                              for other purposes.