Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Federal Disaster Housing Stability Act of 2023

Eviction moratorium

(a)

Moratorium

In the case of any disaster, the lessor, landlord, or owner, including any individual with a legal right to pursue eviction or a possessory action, of a covered dwelling that is located within the disaster area with respect to such disaster may not, during the eviction moratorium period with respect to such area— (1)make, or cause to be made, any filing with the court of jurisdiction to initiate a legal action to recover possession of the covered dwelling from the tenant for nonpayment of rent or other fees or charges; (2)charge fees, penalties, or other charges to the tenant related to such nonpayment of rent; (3)increase the amount charged for rental of the dwelling, including by recouping such increased rent through fees or charges after the conclusion of such period; (4)in any manner prevent the tenant of the dwelling, if such tenant has temporarily relocated, from returning to the dwelling and re-establishing occupancy or require the tenant to be re-screened to determine any eligibility for such occupancy; or (5)remove or cause the removal of a tenant from a covered dwelling. (b)

Notice To vacate

In the case of any disaster, the lessor of a covered dwelling that is located within the disaster area with respect to such disaster may not— (1)require the tenant to vacate the covered dwelling before the date that is 30 days after the date on which the lessor provides the tenant with a notice to vacate; and (2)issue a notice to vacate under paragraph (1) until after the expiration of the eviction moratorium period with respect to such area.

Foreclosure moratorium

Except with respect to a vacant or abandoned property, in the case of any disaster, a servicer of a covered mortgage loan on a property located within the disaster area may not, during the foreclosure moratorium period with respect to such area, initiate any judicial or non-judicial foreclosure process, schedule a foreclosure sale, move for a foreclosure judgment or order of sale, or execute a foreclosure-related eviction or foreclosure sale.

Definitions

For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply: (1)

Covered dwelling

The term covered dwelling means a dwelling that is occupied by a tenant— (A)pursuant to a residential lease; or (B)without a lease or with a lease terminable under State law. (2)

Disaster

The term disaster means— (A)any national emergency declared by the President under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.); or (B)any major disaster or emergency declared by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 4121 et seq.). (3)

Disaster area

The term disaster area means, with respect to a disaster, any area that at any time is subject to the declaration of such disaster. (4)

Dwelling

The term dwelling— (A)has the meaning given the term in section 802 of the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 3602); and (B)includes houses and dwellings described in section 803(b) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 3603(b)). (5)

Eviction moratorium period

The term eviction moratorium period means, with respect to a disaster area, the 120-day period that begins upon the declaration by the President of the disaster that such area is subject to. (6)

Covered mortgage loan

The term covered mortgage loan includes any consumer credit transaction (within the meaning of such term as used in the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)), other than temporary financing such as a construction loan, that is secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or other consensual security interest on a 1- to 4-unit dwelling or on residential real property that includes a 1- to 4-unit dwelling including individual units of condominiums and cooperatives that is secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential real property (including individual units of condominiums and cooperatives) designed principally for the occupancy of from 1 to 4 families, including any such secured loan the proceeds of which are used to prepay or pay off an existing loan secured by the same property, but such term does not include a credit transaction under an open-end credit plan other than a reverse mortgage. (7)

Foreclosure moratorium period

The term foreclosure moratorium period means, with respect to a disaster area, the 6-month period that begins upon the declaration of the disaster for which such declaration was made.

Applicability

This Act shall apply with respect to any disaster for which the declaration of the disaster is in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and any disaster for which such declaration is made after such date of enactment.