[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 26 Introduced in House (IH)]

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118th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 H. R. 26

   To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit a health care 
practitioner from failing to exercise the proper degree of care in the 
    case of a child who survives an abortion or attempted abortion.


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                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            January 9, 2023

Mrs. Wagner (for herself, Mr. Scalise, Mrs. Cammack, Ms. Stefanik, Mrs. 
Fischbach, Mrs. Hinson, Ms. Salazar, Ms. Malliotakis, Mrs. Harshbarger, 
Ms. Letlow, Ms. Van Duyne, Mrs. Miller of West Virginia, Mrs. McClain, 
Ms. Tenney, Mr. Crenshaw, Mr. Rogers of Alabama, Mr. Cole, Mr. Wittman, 
 Mr. Grothman, Mr. Aderholt, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania, 
  Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Sessions, Mr. McClintock, Mr. Bost, Mr. Carl, Mr. 
  Rutherford, Mr. Gimenez, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Pfluger, Mr. Tiffany, Mr. 
 Palmer, Mr. Tony Gonzales of Texas, Mr. Reschenthaler, Mr. LaTurner, 
   Mr. Bergman, Mr. Jackson of Texas, Mr. Joyce of Pennsylvania, Mr. 
   Meuser, Mr. Mooney, Mrs. Houchin, Mr. Diaz-Balart, Mr. Buck, Mr. 
 Fulcher, Mr. Hudson, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Wenstrup, Mr. Barr, Mr. Guthrie, 
 Mr. LaHood, Mr. Biggs, Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Strong, Mr. Bishop of North 
 Carolina, Mr. Bucshon, Mr. Burchett, Mr. Fleischmann, Mr. Allen, Mr. 
Smith of Nebraska, Mr. Posey, Mr. Gooden of Texas, Mr. Mann, Mr. Guest, 
Mr. Clyde, Mr. Moore of Utah, Mr. Kustoff, Mr. Green of Tennessee, Mr. 
Webster of Florida, Mr. Newhouse, Mr. Cloud, Mr. Johnson of Louisiana, 
 Mr. Stauber, Mr. Self, Mr. Smith of New Jersey, Mr. Mast, Mr. Higgins 
 of Louisiana, Mr. Cline, Mr. Ellzey, Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia, Mr. 
 Johnson of Ohio, Mr. Moolenaar, Mr. Timmons, Mr. Latta, Mr. Smith of 
   Missouri, Mr. Arrington, Mrs. Lesko, Mr. Huizenga, Mr. Graves of 
Louisiana, Mr. Perry, Mr. Balderson, Mrs. Greene of Georgia, Mr. Pence, 
Mr. Burgess, Mr. Womack, Mr. Good of Virginia, Mr. Van Drew, Mr. Estes, 
 Mr. Smucker, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Bilirakis, Mr. Banks, 
Mr. Hern, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Waltz, Mr. Kelly of Pennsylvania, Mr. 
Carter of Georgia, Mr. Babin, Mr. Issa, Mr. Rose, Mr. Luetkemeyer, Mr. 
 Gallagher, Mr. Schweikert, Mr. Valadao, Mr. Walberg, Mr. Fallon, Mr. 
  Curtis, Mr. Joyce of Ohio, Mrs. Bice, Mr. Ferguson, Mr. Gaetz, Mr. 
Simpson, Mr. Harris, Mr. Amodei, Mr. Lucas, Mrs. Kim of California, Ms. 
    Foxx, Mr. Calvert, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, Mr. Ezell, Mr. 
Langworthy, Mr. Fry, Mr. Williams of Texas, Mr. Armstrong, Mrs. Miller 
  of Illinois, Mr. Steube, Mr. Graves of Missouri, Mr. Rosendale, Mr. 
  Garbarino, Mr. Bacon, Mrs. Spartz, Mr. Westerman, Mr. McHenry, Ms. 
Mace, Mr. Moore of Alabama, Mrs. Boebert, Mr. Brecheen, Mr. Turner, and 
  Mr. Comer) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
                       Committee on the Judiciary

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                                 A BILL


 
   To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit a health care 
practitioner from failing to exercise the proper degree of care in the 
    case of a child who survives an abortion or attempted abortion.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Born-Alive Abortion Survivors 
Protection Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds as follows:
            (1) If an abortion results in the live birth of an infant, 
        the infant is a legal person for all purposes under the laws of 
        the United States, and entitled to all the protections of such 
        laws.
            (2) Any infant born alive after an abortion or within a 
        hospital, clinic, or other facility has the same claim to the 
        protection of the law that would arise for any newborn, or for 
        any person who comes to a hospital, clinic, or other facility 
        for screening and treatment or otherwise becomes a patient 
        within its care.
    (b) Constitutional Authority.--In accordance with the above 
findings, Congress enacts the following pursuant to Congress' power 
under--
            (1) section 5 of the 14th Amendment, including the power to 
        enforce the prohibition on government action denying equal 
        protection of the laws; and
            (2) section 8 of article I to make all laws necessary and 
        proper for carrying into execution the powers vested by the 
        Constitution of the United States, including the power to 
        regulate commerce under clause 3 of such section.

SEC. 3. BORN-ALIVE INFANTS PROTECTION.

    (a) Requirements Pertaining to Born-Alive Abortion Survivors.--
Chapter 74 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after section 1531 the following:
``Sec. 1532. Requirements pertaining to born-alive abortion survivors
    ``(a) Requirements for Health Care Practitioners.--In the case of 
an abortion or attempted abortion that results in a child born alive 
(as defined in section 8 of title 1, United States Code (commonly known 
as the `Born-Alive Infants Protection Act')):
            ``(1) Degree of care required; immediate admission to a 
        hospital.--Any health care practitioner present at the time the 
        child is born alive shall--
                    ``(A) exercise the same degree of professional 
                skill, care, and diligence to preserve the life and 
                health of the child as a reasonably diligent and 
                conscientious health care practitioner would render to 
                any other child born alive at the same gestational age; 
                and
                    ``(B) following the exercise of skill, care, and 
                diligence required under subparagraph (A), ensure that 
                the child born alive is immediately transported and 
                admitted to a hospital.
            ``(2) Mandatory reporting of violations.--A health care 
        practitioner or any employee of a hospital, a physician's 
        office, or an abortion clinic who has knowledge of a failure to 
        comply with the requirements of paragraph (1) shall immediately 
        report the failure to an appropriate State or Federal law 
        enforcement agency, or to both.
    ``(b) Penalties.--
            ``(1) In general.--Whoever violates subsection (a) shall be 
        fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, 
        or both.
            ``(2) Intentional killing of child born alive.--Whoever 
        intentionally performs or attempts to perform an overt act that 
        kills a child born alive described under subsection (a), shall 
        be punished as under section 1111 of this title for 
        intentionally killing or attempting to kill a human being.
    ``(c) Bar to Prosecution.--The mother of a child born alive 
described under subsection (a) may not be prosecuted under this 
section, for conspiracy to violate this section, or for an offense 
under section 3 or 4 of this title based on such a violation.
    ``(d) Civil Remedies.--
            ``(1) Civil action by a woman on whom an abortion is 
        performed.--If a child is born alive and there is a violation 
        of subsection (a), the woman upon whom the abortion was 
        performed or attempted may, in a civil action against any 
        person who committed the violation, obtain appropriate relief.
            ``(2) Appropriate relief.--Appropriate relief in a civil 
        action under this subsection includes--
                    ``(A) objectively verifiable money damage for all 
                injuries, psychological and physical, occasioned by the 
                violation of subsection (a);
                    ``(B) statutory damages equal to 3 times the cost 
                of the abortion or attempted abortion; and
                    ``(C) punitive damages.
            ``(3) Attorney's fee for plaintiff.--The court shall award 
        a reasonable attorney's fee to a prevailing plaintiff in a 
        civil action under this subsection.
            ``(4) Attorney's fee for defendant.--If a defendant in a 
        civil action under this subsection prevails and the court finds 
        that the plaintiff's suit was frivolous, the court shall award 
        a reasonable attorney's fee in favor of the defendant against 
        the plaintiff.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) Abortion.--The term `abortion' means the use or 
        prescription of any instrument, medicine, drug, or any other 
        substance or device--
                    ``(A) to intentionally kill the unborn child of a 
                woman known to be pregnant; or
                    ``(B) to intentionally terminate the pregnancy of a 
                woman known to be pregnant, with an intention other 
                than--
                            ``(i) after viability, to produce a live 
                        birth and preserve the life and health of the 
                        child born alive; or
                            ``(ii) to remove a dead unborn child.
            ``(2) Attempt.--The term `attempt', with respect to an 
        abortion, means conduct that, under the circumstances as the 
        actor believes them to be, constitutes a substantial step in a 
        course of conduct planned to culminate in performing an 
        abortion.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 74 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
pertaining to section 1531 the following:

``1532. Requirements pertaining to born-alive abortion survivors.''.
    (c) Chapter Heading Amendments.--
            (1) Chapter heading in chapter.--The chapter heading for 
        chapter 74 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
        striking ``Partial-Birth Abortions'' and inserting 
        ``Abortions''.
            (2) Table of chapters for part i.--The item relating to 
        chapter 74 in the table of chapters at the beginning of part I 
        of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 
        ``Partial-Birth Abortions'' and inserting ``Abortions''.
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