[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. Res. 693 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
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117th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. RES. 693
Recognizing the contributions of African Americans to the musical
heritage of the United States and the need for greater access to music
education for African-American students and designating June 2022 as
African-American Music Appreciation Month.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
June 23, 2022
Mr. Booker (for himself, Mr. Brown, Mr. Durbin, Mrs. Feinstein, Ms.
Klobuchar, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Van Hollen, and Mr. Ossoff) submitted the
following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the
Judiciary
_______________________________________________________________________
RESOLUTION
Recognizing the contributions of African Americans to the musical
heritage of the United States and the need for greater access to music
education for African-American students and designating June 2022 as
African-American Music Appreciation Month.
Whereas spirituals, ragtime, blues, jazz, gospel, classical composition, and
countless other categories of music have been created or enhanced by
African Americans and are etched into the history and culture of the
United States;
Whereas the first Africans transported to the United States came from a variety
of ethnic groups with a long history of distinct and cultivated musical
traditions, brought musical instruments with them, and built new musical
instruments in the United States;
Whereas spirituals were a distinct response to the conditions of African slavery
in the United States and expressed the longing of slaves for spiritual
and bodily freedom, for safety from harm and evil, and for relief from
the hardships of slavery;
Whereas jazz, arguably the most creative and complex music that the United
States has produced, combines the musical traditions of African
Americans in New Orleans with the creative flexibility of blues music;
Whereas masterful trumpeters Louis Armstrong and Miles Davis achieved national
and international recognition with the success of ``West End Blues'' by
Louis Armstrong in the 1920s and ``So What'' by Miles Davis in the late
1950s;
Whereas Thomas Dorsey, the father of gospel music, used his composing talents to
merge sacred and secular styles that created a revolution in music;
Whereas talented jazz pianist and vocalist Nathaniel Adams Coles recorded more
than 150 singles and sold more than 50,000,000 records;
Whereas the talent of Ella Fitzgerald, a winner of 13 Grammys, is epitomized by
a rendition of ``Summertime'', a bluesy record accompanied by melodic
vocals;
Whereas Natalie Cole, the daughter of Nathaniel Adams Coles, achieved musical
success in the mid-1970s as a rhythm and blues artist with the hits
``This Will Be'' and ``Unforgettable'';
Whereas, in the 1940s, bebop evolved through jam sessions, which included
trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and the alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, that
were held at clubs in Harlem, New York, such as Minton's Playhouse;
Whereas earlier classical singers such as Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield, one of
the first widely known African-American vocalists, and other early
African-American singing pioneers, including Nellie Mitchell Brown,
Marie Selika Williams, Rachel Walker Turner, Marian Anderson, and Flora
Batson Bergen, paved the way for the female African-American concert
singers who have achieved great popularity during the last 50 years;
Whereas the term ``rhythm and blues'' originated in the late 1940s as a way to
describe recordings marketed to African Americans and replaced the term
``race music'';
Whereas lyrical themes in rhythm and blues often encapsulate the African-
American experience of pain, the quest for freedom, joy, triumphs and
failures, relationships, economics, and aspiration and were popularized
by artists such as Ray Charles, Ruth Brown, Etta James, and Otis
Redding;
Whereas soul music originated in the African-American community in the late
1950s and early 1960s, combines elements of African-American gospel
music, rhythm and blues, and jazz, and was popularized by artists such
as Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Bill Withers,
and Jackie Wilson;
Whereas Motown, founded as a record label in 1959, evolved into a distinctive
style known for the ``Motown Sound'', a blend of pop and soul musical
stylings made popular by prominent Black artists such as Marvin Gaye,
James Mason, and Mary Wells;
Whereas, in the early 1970s, the musical style of disco emerged and was
popularized by programs such as Soul Train and by artists such as Donna
Summer;
Whereas reggae is a genre of music that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s
and incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues, jazz,
mento, calypso, and African music, and was popularized by artists such
as Bob Marley;
Whereas rock and roll was developed from African-American musical styles such as
gospel and rhythm and blues and was popularized by artists such as Chuck
Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, and Jimi Hendrix;
Whereas rap, arguably the most complex and influential form of hip-hop culture,
combines blues, jazz, and soul and elements of the African-American
musical tradition with Caribbean calypso, dub, and dance hall reggae;
Whereas the development and popularity of old-style rap combined confident beats
with wordplay and storytelling, highlighting the struggle of African-
American youth growing up in underresourced neighborhoods;
Whereas Dayton, Ohio, known as the ``Land of Funk'', helped give rise to the
genre of funk as a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues and
popularized bands such as the Ohio Players, Heatwave, Roger and Zapp,
and Lakeside;
Whereas contemporary rhythm and blues, which originated in the late 1970s and
combines elements of pop, rhythm and blues, soul, funk, hip hop, gospel,
and electronic dance music, was popularized by artists such as Whitney
Houston and Aaliyah;
Whereas Prince Rogers Nelson, who was known for electric performances and a wide
vocal range, pioneered music that integrated a wide variety of styles,
including funk, rock, contemporary rhythm and blues, new wave, soul,
psychedelia, and pop;
Whereas the incredible Billie Holiday created a cultural reset by recording
``Strange Fruit'', originally a poem that depicted lynching in the
southern United States, that became the first protest song of the civil
rights era;
Whereas the talented jazz artist Duke Ellington pushed boundaries with his hits
``It Don't Mean a Thing if It Ain't Got That Swing'' and ``Sophisticated
Lady'' and received 13 Grammys as well as the Presidential Gold Medal;
Whereas Sister Rosetta Tharpe, known as the Godmother of Rock `N Roll, combined
her distinctive guitar style with melodic blues and traditional gospel
music that influenced the likes of Aretha Franklin and Chuck Berry;
Whereas trailblazer Florence Price is the first noted African-American female
composer to gain national status and the first African-American woman to
have her composed work performed by a major national symphony orchestra;
Whereas the classical singer Marian Anderson broke down racial barriers by
performing at the Lincoln Memorial in 1939 after being denied to sing in
front of an integrated audience at the DAR Constitution Hall in
Washington, DC;
Whereas country music singer Charley Pride was inducted into the Country Music
Hall of Fame in 2000 and has over 40 number 1 country hits;
Whereas Nina Simone, one of the most prominent and extraordinary soul singers,
has music spanning over 4 decades that has impacted generations with her
detailed story telling;
Whereas musician Bobby McFerrin brought joy to audiences everywhere with his
smash hit ``Don't Worry Be Happy'';
Whereas famous saxophone player John Coltrane made his impact on genres like
bebop, jazz, and rhythm and blues through his work such as ``A Love
Supreme'';
Whereas musical force Marvin Gaye used his versatility as an artist to produce
hits like ``I Heard It Through the Grapevine'' and ``Ain't No Mountain
High Enough'';
Whereas a recent study by the Department of Education found that only 28 percent
of African-American students receive any kind of arts education;
Whereas African-American students scored the lowest of all ethnicities in the
most recent National Assessment for Educational Progress arts
assessment;
Whereas students who are eligible for the school lunch program established under
the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et
seq.) have significantly lower scores on the music portion of the
National Assessment for Educational Progress arts assessment than
students who are ineligible for that program, which suggests that
students in low-income families are disadvantaged in the subject of
music;
Whereas a recent study found that--
(1) nearly \2/3\ of music ensemble students were White and middle
class, and only 15 percent of those students were African American; and
(2) only 7 percent of music teacher licensure candidates were African
American; and
Whereas students of color face many barriers to accessing music education and
training, especially students in large urban public schools: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate--
(1) recognizes--
(A) the contributions of African Americans to the
musical heritage of the United States;
(B) the wide array of talented and popular African-
American musical artists, composers, songwriters, and
musicians who are underrecognized for contributions to
music;
(C) the achievements, talent, and hard work of
African-American pioneer artists and the obstacles that
those artists overcame to gain recognition;
(D) the need for African-American students to have
greater access to, and participation in, music
education in schools across the United States; and
(E) Black History Month and African-American Music
Appreciation Month as an important time--
(i) to celebrate the impact of the African-
American musical heritage on the musical
heritage of the United States; and
(ii) to encourage greater access to music
education so that the next generation may
continue to greatly contribute to the musical
heritage of the United States; and
(2) designates June 2022 as ``African-American Music
Appreciation Month''.
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