[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. Res. 122 Reported in Senate (RS)]
<DOC>
Calendar No. 29
117th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. RES. 122
Reaffirming the importance of United States alliances and partnerships.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 18, 2021
Mr. Risch (for himself and Mr. Menendez) submitted the following
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
March 24, 2021
Reported by Mr. Menendez, with an amendment and an amendment to the
preamble
[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed
in italic]
[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
RESOLUTION
Reaffirming the importance of United States alliances and partnerships.
Whereas, from the American Revolution, through two World Wars, the Cold War, and
the fight against international terrorist organizations, the United
States has successfully relied on alliances and partnerships with like-
minded countries to further our vital security, political, and economic
interests, starting with the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 and
continuing to the present day;
Whereas these treaty alliances provide a unique strategic advantage to the
United States and are among the Nation's most precious assets, enabling
the United States to advance its vital national interests, defend its
territory, expand its economy through international trade and commerce,
establish enduring cooperation among like-minded countries, prevent the
domination of Europe or the Indo-Pacific and its surrounding maritime
and air lanes by a hostile power or powers, and deter potential
aggressors;
Whereas United States treaty alliances advance critical shared interests,
including upholding regional stability and security, deterring
adversaries, maintaining maritime freedom of navigation, promoting
global economic prosperity, combating the proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction, supporting international institutions and
architecture, advancing democracy, human rights, and the rule of law,
upholding international law, and promoting shared values and norms;
Whereas the combined strength conferred by treaty alliances enables the United
States and its allies to leverage a multinational response to important
challenges and advance joint initiatives that tackle global problems
with a unity of purpose;
Whereas, after the end of the Second World War, the United States Government
strategically invested in building a global network of alliances and
partnerships, including through the Marshall Plan in Europe and with our
post-war partners in Asia, which helped these countries grow into
democratic, prosperous, peaceful nations with whom the United States
could effectively partner;
Whereas the United States-Japan, United States-Republic of Korea, United States-
Australia, United States-Philippines, and United States-Thailand
alliances are the foundation of regional stability in the Indo-Pacific;
Whereas the United States greatly values other partnerships in the Indo-Pacific
region, including with India, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, New Zealand,
and Vietnam;
Whereas the United States maintains an unwavering commitment to the defense of
Japan under Article 5 of the United States-Japan security treaty, which
includes the Senkaku Islands, as recently reaffirmed by President Joseph
R. Biden;
Whereas the United States-Japan alliance is one of the most important political,
economic, and military alliances in the world, and is crucial to
maintaining a favorable balance of power in the Indo-Pacific region and
advancing a free and open region characterized by a commitment to
democratic governance, the free flow of commerce, and shared rules and
norms;
Whereas the United States-Republic of Korea alliance is essential for peace and
prosperity in Northeast Asia and critical to closely coordinating to
face the challenges posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
Whereas the United States-Australia alliance remains an anchor of stability in
the Indo-Pacific and the world, while Australia's 2020 Defense Strategic
Update and 2020 Force Structure Plan recognize and respond to
Australia's evolving strategic threat environment, including by
committing to boost its defense spending by 40 percent over the next
decade and to bolster its high-end military capabilities, which provides
further opportunities for the United States and Australia to boost
cooperation on defense and strategic and emerging technologies;
Whereas a strong United States-Philippine alliance is vital to a free and open
Indo-Pacific region, the Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) is important for
the security of both nations, and Secretary of State Antony Blinken has
reaffirmed former Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo's March 2019
statement regarding the clear application of the MDT to armed attacks
against Philippine armed forces, public vessels, or aircraft in the
Pacific, which includes the South China Sea;
Whereas the Philippines is of unique geostrategic importance, is a crucial
partner in the areas of counterterrorism and maritime security, and
plays an important role in upholding regional security in the South and
West Pacific, including the First and Second Island Chains, and a strong
relationship between the United States military and the Armed Forces of
the Philippines, solidified through agreements such as the Enhanced
Defense Cooperation Agreement and the Visiting Forces Agreement, is in
the national interests of both the Philippines and the United States;
Whereas the United States and Thailand are increasing their defense cooperation
to advance shared interests in the Indo-Pacific;
Whereas the United States has an opportunity to strengthen its relationships,
including defense relationships, with treaty allies and other partners
in Southeast Asia, especially through cooperation that enables these
partners to better contend with infringements on their sovereignty,
including by encouraging allies to make specific investments to enhance
their area denial and mobile defense-in-depth capabilities;
Whereas, in 1949, the United States joined with several European countries to
conclude the North Atlantic Treaty, which formed a basis for the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in order ``to safeguard the
freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on
the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law''
and to ``promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area'';
Whereas 30 European and North American nations are members of NATO, and all
signatories to the North Atlantic Treaty have ``resolved to unite their
efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and
security'';
Whereas, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the NATO
alliance invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty for the first
and only time, reaffirming that an armed attack against one member of
the alliance shall be considered an attack against all;
Whereas NATO serves as a force multiplier, reducing the burden borne by the
United States, has command structures, training institutions, and
multilateral exercises that have generated unprecedented contributions
to United States national security priorities and enabled NATO soldiers
to serve alongside members of the United States Armed Forces, including
through NATO's ongoing support of Operation Resolute Support in
Afghanistan, NATO's Kosovo Force, Operation Sea Guardian in the
Mediterranean Sea, the capacity-building NATO Mission Iraq, support for
African Union missions, and air policing missions in member and
nonmember nations of Eastern Europe, and has taken a strong stand
against Russian aggression in Eastern Europe;
Whereas, in his February 19, 2021, speech to the Munich Security Conference,
President Biden reaffirmed, ``The transatlantic alliance is . . . the
strong foundation on which our collective security and our shared
prosperity are built. The partnership between Europe and the United
States, in my view, is and must remain the cornerstone of all that we
hope to accomplish in the 21st century, just as we did in the 20th
century. . . . The United States is fully committed to our NATO
Alliance, and I welcome Europe's growing investment in the military
capabilities that enable our shared defense.'';
Whereas previous Democratic and Republican Administrations alike have recognized
that strong, healthy, and politically sustainable alliances require
equitable, fair, reasonable, and mutually beneficial burden-sharing
arrangements, and that the key to alliance success is a diplomatic and
security posture characterized by the effective marshaling of resources
and acquisition and deployment of complementary capabilities, such as
the increase in defense spending by all NATO nations since the Wales
Declaration of 2014, with 11 members now spending 2 percent of their GDP
on defense and several more on track to meet that benchmark by 2024;
Whereas the United States extended nuclear deterrence commitments to NATO and
Indo-Pacific allies are foundational to the health, strength, and
effectiveness of these alliances and to continued international security
and stability;
Whereas maintaining robust United States diplomatic, economic, and defense
budgets are critical to advancing cooperation with allies and partners
on shared challenges, and deep and precipitous cuts in United States
diplomatic, economic, and defense budgets would damage the health,
robustness, and effectiveness of United States alliances;
Whereas, in a sign of our shared security objectives and cooperation, our allies
and partners have hosted United States military installations and
welcomed members of the United States Armed Forces;
Whereas citizens of our allies and partners have sacrificed their lives in
support of efforts to combat terrorism and promote security in
Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere, and have contributed significant
forces to our military endeavors, placing more combat power on the
battlefield, while reducing the burden borne by the United States;
Whereas the United States has worked with our allies and partners to mitigate
conflict and humanitarian crises around the world, and United States
allies have made significant contributions to address humanitarian, food
security, health, climate-related, and other pressing challenges around
the world;
Whereas the United States and its allies face an increasingly challenging
security environment in the 21st century, characterized by strategic
competition with revisionist powers such as the People's Republic of
China and the Russian Federation, which seek to destabilize the
international system;
Whereas this security environment demands United States and allied commitment to
strengthening and advancing our alliances so that they are postured to
meet these challenges, and will require sustained political will,
concrete partnerships, economic, commercial, and technological
cooperation, consistent and tangible commitments, high-level and
extensive consultations on matters of mutual interest, mutual and shared
cooperation in the acquisition of key capabilities important to allied
defenses, and unified mutual support in the face of political, economic,
or military coercion; and
Whereas successive generations of leaders of the United States and its allies
have successfully managed the challenges and constraints inherent in
alliances, thus ensuring that the benefits of alliances outweigh the
costs: Now, therefore, be it
Whereas, from the American Revolution, through two World Wars, the Cold War, and
the fight against international terrorist organizations, the United
States has successfully relied on alliances and partnerships with like-
minded countries to further our vital security, political, and economic
interests, starting with the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 and
continuing to the present day;
Whereas these treaty alliances provide a unique strategic advantage to the
United States and are among the Nation's most precious assets, enabling
the United States to advance its vital national interests, defend its
territory, expand its economy through international trade and commerce,
establish enduring cooperation among like-minded countries, prevent the
domination of Europe or the Indo-Pacific and its surrounding maritime
and air lanes by a hostile power or powers, and deter potential
aggressors;
Whereas United States treaty alliances advance critical shared interests,
including upholding regional stability and security, deterring
adversaries, maintaining maritime freedom of navigation, promoting
global economic prosperity, combating the proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction, supporting international institutions and
architecture, advancing democracy, human rights, and the rule of law,
upholding international law, and promoting shared values and norms;
Whereas the combined strength conferred by treaty alliances enables the United
States and its allies to leverage a multinational response to important
challenges and advance joint initiatives that tackle global problems
with a unity of purpose;
Whereas, after the end of the Second World War, the United States Government
strategically invested in building a global network of alliances and
partnerships, including through the Marshall Plan in Europe and with our
post-war partners in Asia, which helped these countries grow into
democratic, prosperous, peaceful nations with whom the United States
could effectively partner;
Whereas the United States-Japan, United States-Republic of Korea, United States-
Australia, United States-Philippines, and United States-Thailand
alliances are the foundation of regional stability in the Indo-Pacific;
Whereas the United States greatly values other partnerships in the Indo-Pacific
region, including with India, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, New Zealand,
and Vietnam;
Whereas the United States maintains an unwavering commitment to the defense of
Japan under Article 5 of the United States-Japan security treaty, which
includes the Senkaku Islands, as recently reaffirmed by President Joseph
R. Biden;
Whereas the United States-Japan alliance is one of the most important political,
economic, and military alliances in the world, the cornerstone of peace,
security, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region, and is crucial to
maintaining a favorable balance of power in the Indo-Pacific region and
advancing a free and open region characterized by a commitment to
democratic governance, the free flow of commerce, and shared rules and
norms;
Whereas the United States-Republic of Korea alliance is the linchpin of peace,
security, and prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and in the Indo-Pacific
region and is critical to closely coordinating to face the challenges
posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and addressing future
security challenges;
Whereas the United States-Australia alliance remains an anchor of stability in
the Indo-Pacific and the world, while Australia's 2020 Defense Strategic
Update and 2020 Force Structure Plan recognize and respond to
Australia's evolving strategic threat environment, including by
committing to boost its defense spending by 40 percent over the next
decade and to bolster its high-end military capabilities, which provides
further opportunities for the United States and Australia to boost
cooperation on defense and strategic and emerging technologies;
Whereas a strong United States-Philippine alliance is vital to a free and open
Indo-Pacific region, the Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) is important for
the security of both nations, and Secretary of State Antony Blinken has
reaffirmed former Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo's March 2019
statement regarding the clear application of the MDT to armed attacks
against Philippine armed forces, public vessels, or aircraft in the
Pacific, which includes the South China Sea;
Whereas the Philippines is of unique geostrategic importance, is a crucial
partner in the areas of counterterrorism and maritime security, and
plays an important role in upholding regional security in the South and
West Pacific, including the First and Second Island Chains, and a strong
relationship between the United States military and the Armed Forces of
the Philippines, solidified through agreements such as the Enhanced
Defense Cooperation Agreement and the Visiting Forces Agreement, is in
the national interests of both the Philippines and the United States;
Whereas the United States and Thailand are increasing their defense cooperation
to advance shared interests in the Indo-Pacific;
Whereas the United States has an opportunity to strengthen its relationships,
including defense relationships, with treaty allies and other partners
in Southeast Asia, especially through cooperation that enables these
partners to better contend with infringements on their sovereignty,
including by encouraging allies to make specific investments to enhance
their area denial and mobile defense-in-depth capabilities;
Whereas, in 1949, the United States joined with several European countries to
conclude the North Atlantic Treaty, which formed a basis for the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in order ``to safeguard the
freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on
the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law''
and to ``promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area'';
Whereas 30 European and North American nations are members of NATO, and all
signatories to the North Atlantic Treaty have ``resolved to unite their
efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and
security'';
Whereas, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the NATO
alliance invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty for the first
and only time, reaffirming that an armed attack against one member of
the alliance shall be considered an attack against all;
Whereas NATO serves as a force multiplier, reducing the burden borne by the
United States, has command structures, training institutions, and
multilateral exercises that have generated unprecedented contributions
to United States national security priorities and enabled NATO soldiers
to serve alongside members of the United States Armed Forces, including
through NATO's ongoing support of Operation Resolute Support in
Afghanistan, NATO's Kosovo Force, Operation Sea Guardian in the
Mediterranean Sea, the capacity-building NATO Mission Iraq, support for
African Union missions, and air policing missions in member and
nonmember nations of Eastern Europe, and has taken a strong stand
against Russian aggression in Eastern Europe;
Whereas, in his February 19, 2021, speech to the Munich Security Conference,
President Biden reaffirmed, ``The transatlantic alliance is . . . the
strong foundation on which our collective security and our shared
prosperity are built. The partnership between Europe and the United
States, in my view, is and must remain the cornerstone of all that we
hope to accomplish in the 21st century, just as we did in the 20th
century. . . . The United States is fully committed to our NATO
Alliance, and I welcome Europe's growing investment in the military
capabilities that enable our shared defense.'';
Whereas previous Democratic and Republican Administrations alike have recognized
that strong, healthy, and politically sustainable alliances require
equitable, fair, reasonable, and mutually beneficial burden-sharing
arrangements, and that the key to alliance success is a diplomatic and
security posture characterized by the effective marshaling of resources
and acquisition and deployment of complementary capabilities, such as
the increase in defense spending by all NATO nations since the Wales
Declaration of 2014, with 11 members now spending 2 percent of their GDP
on defense and several more on track to meet that benchmark by 2024;
Whereas the United States extended nuclear deterrence commitments to NATO and
Indo-Pacific allies are foundational to the health, strength, and
effectiveness of these alliances and to continued international security
and stability;
Whereas maintaining robust United States diplomatic, economic, and defense
budgets are critical to advancing cooperation with allies and partners
on shared challenges, and deep and precipitous cuts in United States
diplomatic, economic, and defense budgets would damage the health,
robustness, and effectiveness of United States alliances;
Whereas, in a sign of our shared security objectives and cooperation, our allies
and partners have hosted United States military installations and
welcomed members of the United States Armed Forces;
Whereas citizens of our allies and partners have sacrificed their lives in
support of efforts to combat terrorism and promote security in
Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere, and have contributed significant
forces to our military endeavors, placing more combat power on the
battlefield, while reducing the burden borne by the United States;
Whereas the United States has worked with our allies and partners to mitigate
conflict and humanitarian crises around the world, and United States
allies have made significant contributions to address humanitarian, food
security, health, climate-related, and other pressing challenges around
the world;
Whereas the United States and its allies face an increasingly challenging
security environment in the 21st century, characterized by strategic
competition with revisionist powers such as the People's Republic of
China and the Russian Federation, which seek to destabilize the
international system;
Whereas this security environment demands United States and allied commitment to
strengthening and advancing our alliances so that they are postured to
meet these challenges, and will require sustained political will,
concrete partnerships, economic, commercial, and technological
cooperation, consistent and tangible commitments, high-level and
extensive consultations on matters of mutual interest, mutual and shared
cooperation in the acquisition of key capabilities important to allied
defenses, and unified mutual support in the face of political, economic,
or military coercion;
Whereas, on February 4, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden stated that United
States diplomacy, including with allies and partners, will be ``rooted
in America's most cherished democratic values: defending freedom,
championing opportunity, upholding universal rights, respecting the rule
of law, and treating every person with dignity,'' and that United States
foreign policy will ``better unite our democratic values with our
diplomatic leadership''; and
Whereas successive generations of leaders of the United States and its allies
have successfully managed the challenges and constraints inherent in
alliances, thus ensuring that the benefits of alliances outweigh the
costs: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate--
<DELETED> (1) reaffirms the enduring commitment of the
United States to our treaty allies in the Indo-Pacific region
and NATO, as well as to other partners, including our treaty
obligations for mutual defense;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) emphasizes the primary importance of the
United States relationships, alliances, and partnerships to
global peace and prosperity;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) recognizes the many contributions that
alliances and partnerships have made to advance the interests
of the United States and to promote shared interests;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) underscores that alliances have enhanced
mutual security by jointly sharing in common defense, including
the defense of the United States, and that strong alliances and
partnerships generate decisive and sustained United States
military advantages;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) encourages dealing constructively with
significant tensions in the United States alliance
relationships to ensure they do not create fissures that
adversaries can exploit;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) welcomes and seeks to advance the continued
collaboration of the United States and our allies and partners
to respect and defend the rules-based international order and
the values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law that
undergird our common security and prosperity;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) reaffirms bipartisan support for equitable and
mutually beneficial burden-sharing arrangements, including fair
and additional substantive contributions by United States
allies, and acknowledges the special measures agreements (SMA)
reached by the Biden Administration with Japan and the Republic
of Korea, and urges ongoing consultations to consider
additional allied contributions beyond the traditional SMA
categories and to use these consultations as an opportunity to
strengthen our alliances with these two partners;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (8) reaffirms the commitment of the United States
to strengthening and boosting our alliances and partnerships in
the Indo-Pacific, including to contend with China's growing
power projection capabilities and use of coercive and grey-zone
tactics, and to jointly develop, regulate, and monitor the
production, use, and protection of strategic and emerging
technologies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (9) encourages the Biden Administration to focus
significantly on growing defense cooperation with Australia,
especially in light of the country's 2020 Defense Strategic
Update, and to build on United States-Japan initiatives that
advance alliance defense cooperation that contributes to a free
and open Indo-Pacific, and to further boost cooperation with
both allies on the research, development, and regulation of
strategic and emerging technologies, including defense
technologies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (10) reaffirms the commitment of the United States
to the NATO alliance and to NATO efforts to counter Kremlin
aggression, including military aggression and attempts to erode
democratic institutions in the United States and other NATO
member states;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (11) urges the Biden Administration to work with
its NATO partners to advance the efforts currently underway
within NATO to better prepare the alliance to confront future
and emerging challenges, and to continue to encourage NATO
nations to contribute more to the alliance and improve their
capabilities;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (12) calls upon Indo-Pacific and NATO allies to
collaborate with the United States in developing the next
generation of defense technologies, including disruptive and
emerging technologies, while working together to improve
multilateral export controls, common standards for technology
security, and norms and standards for new and emerging
technologies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (13) asks all members of NATO, including the
United States, to devote significant energy to the development
of a new, forward-looking strategy to replace the 2010
Strategic Concept and focus on the many emerging challenges
that face the alliance, including China, Russia, and
instability on Europe's southern border;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (14) calls on the Biden Administration to ensure
United States policy and posture reflects the requirements of
extended deterrence to preserve nonproliferation benefits,
assure allies, and to deter, and if necessary, respond, across
the spectrum of nuclear and nonnuclear scenarios in defense of
allies and partners; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (15) supports maintaining robust diplomatic,
economic, and defense budgets as critical to advancing
cooperation with allies and partners on shared
challenges.</DELETED>
That the Senate--
(1) reaffirms the enduring commitment of the United States
to our treaty allies in the Indo-Pacific region and NATO, as
well as to other partners, including our treaty obligations for
mutual defense;
(2) emphasizes the primary importance of the United States
relationships, alliances, and partnerships to global peace and
prosperity;
(3) recognizes the many contributions that alliances and
partnerships have made to advance the interests of the United
States and to promote shared interests;
(4) underscores that alliances have enhanced mutual
security by jointly sharing in common defense, including the
defense of the United States, and that strong alliances and
partnerships generate decisive and sustained United States
military advantages;
(5) encourages dealing constructively with significant
tensions in the United States alliance relationships to ensure
they do not create fissures that adversaries can exploit;
(6) welcomes and seeks to advance the continued
collaboration of the United States and our allies and partners
to respect and defend the rules-based international order and
the values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law that
undergird our common security and prosperity;
(7) reaffirms bipartisan support for equitable and mutually
beneficial burden-sharing arrangements, including fair and
additional substantive contributions by United States allies,
and acknowledges the special measures agreements (SMA) reached
by the Biden Administration with Japan and the Republic of
Korea, and urges ongoing consultations to consider additional
allied contributions beyond the traditional SMA categories and
to use these consultations as an opportunity to strengthen our
alliances with these two partners;
(8) reaffirms the commitment of the United States to
strengthening and boosting our alliances and partnerships in
the Indo-Pacific, including to contend with China's growing
power projection capabilities and use of coercive and grey-zone
tactics, and to jointly develop, regulate, and monitor the
production, use, and protection of strategic and emerging
technologies;
(9) encourages the Biden Administration to focus
significantly on growing defense cooperation with Australia,
especially in light of the country's 2020 Defense Strategic
Update, and to build on United States-Japan initiatives that
advance alliance defense cooperation that contributes to a free
and open Indo-Pacific, and to further boost cooperation with
both allies on the research, development, and regulation of
strategic and emerging technologies, including defense
technologies;
(10) reaffirms the commitment of the United States to the
NATO alliance and to NATO efforts to counter Kremlin
aggression, including military aggression and attempts to erode
democratic institutions in the United States and other NATO
member states;
(11) urges the Biden Administration to work with its NATO
partners to advance the efforts currently underway within NATO
to better prepare the alliance to confront future and emerging
challenges, and to continue to encourage NATO nations to
contribute more to the alliance and improve their capabilities;
(12) calls upon Indo-Pacific and NATO allies to collaborate
with the United States in developing the next generation of
defense technologies, including disruptive and emerging
technologies, while working together to improve multilateral
export controls, common standards for technology security, and
norms and standards for new and emerging technologies;
(13) asks all members of NATO, including the United States,
to devote significant energy to the development of a new,
forward-looking strategy to replace the 2010 Strategic Concept
and focus on the many emerging challenges that face the
alliance, including China, Russia, and instability on Europe's
southern border;
(14) calls on the Biden Administration to ensure United
States policy and posture reflects the requirements of extended
deterrence to preserve nonproliferation benefits, assure
allies, and to deter, and if necessary, respond, across the
spectrum of nuclear and nonnuclear scenarios in defense of
allies and partners;
(15) supports maintaining robust diplomatic, economic, and
defense budgets as critical to advancing cooperation with
allies and partners on shared challenges; and
(16) reaffirms United States commitment to the United
Nations Declaration of Human Rights, adopted at Paris on
December 10, 1948, and the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights, adopted by the United States on December 16,
1966, and ratified by the United States on June 8, 1992, and
welcomes similar commitments from its allies and partners.
Calendar No. 29
117th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. RES. 122
_______________________________________________________________________
RESOLUTION
Reaffirming the importance of United States alliances and partnerships.
_______________________________________________________________________
March 24, 2021
Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the preamble