[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 4649 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






117th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 4649

     To amend the Global Food Security Act of 2016 to improve the 
 comprehensive strategic approach for United States foreign assistance 
 to developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, achieve 
     food and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable, 
    agricultural-led economic growth, improve nutritional outcomes, 
 especially for women and children, build resilience among vulnerable 
                  populations, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 27, 2022

    Mr. Casey (for himself, Mr. Risch, Mr. Boozman, and Mr. Coons) 
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 
                     Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
     To amend the Global Food Security Act of 2016 to improve the 
 comprehensive strategic approach for United States foreign assistance 
 to developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, achieve 
     food and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable, 
    agricultural-led economic growth, improve nutritional outcomes, 
 especially for women and children, build resilience among vulnerable 
                  populations, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Global Food Security Reauthorization 
Act of 2022''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Section 2 of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9301) 
is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    ``Congress makes the following findings:
            ``(1) According to the World Food Programme of the United 
        Nations, nearly 193,000,000 people faced acute food insecurity 
        and required urgent assistance in 2021, compared to 108,000,000 
        people who were in such a situation in 2016.
            ``(2) According to Food and Agricultural Organization's 
        Food Price Index, the cost of food in 2022 has risen to the 
        highest levels on record, representing a 57 percent increase 
        compared to the cost of food 2016. According to the World Bank, 
        every 1 percent increase in food prices pushes 10,000,000 more 
        people into extreme poverty worldwide.
            ``(3) According to the February 2022 `Worldwide Threat 
        Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community', `The economic 
        fallout from COVID-19, combined with conflict and weather 
        extremes, has driven hunger worldwide to its highest point in 
        more than a decade, which increases the risk of instability.'.
            ``(4) On March 10, 2022, the Office of the Director of 
        National Intelligence declared that `as a consequence [of the 
        war in Ukraine], we perceive that there is an increasing [food 
        insecurity] challenge. . . particularly with developing 
        countries.'.
            ``(5) Realizing that increased food production addresses 
        one aspect, but not all aspects, of food and nutrition 
        security, a comprehensive, multisectoral approach to 
        sustainable food and nutrition security must consider 
        agriculture and food systems in their totality.
            ``(6) Such an approach to sustainable food and nutrition 
        security should not only respond to emergency food shortages, 
        but should also address--
                    ``(A) chronic malnutrition, including stunting and 
                wasting;
                    ``(B) resilience to food and nutrition insecurity;
                    ``(C) strengthening the capacity of poor, rural 
                populations to improve their agricultural productivity 
                and incomes;
                    ``(D) removing institutional impediments to 
                agricultural development;
                    ``(E) value chain access and efficiency, including 
                processing and storage;
                    ``(F) enhancing agribusiness development;
                    ``(G) access to markets and activities that address 
                the specific needs and barriers facing women, youth, 
                and small-scale producers;
                    ``(H) climate adaptation;
                    ``(I) education; and
                    ``(J) collaborative research and innovation.''.

SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    Section 3(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 
9302(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and economic freedom 
        through the coordination'' and inserting ``, economic freedom, 
        and security through the phasing, sequencing, and 
        coordination'';
            (2) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(3) increase the productivity, incomes, and livelihoods 
        of small-scale producers and artisanal fishing communities, 
        especially women, by working across agriculture and food 
        systems, enhancing local capacity to manage agricultural 
        resources and food systems effectively, and expanding producer 
        access to, and participation in, local, regional, and 
        international markets;
            ``(4) build resilience to agriculture and food systems 
        shocks and stresses, including global food catastrophes in 
        which conventional methods of agriculture are unable to provide 
        sufficient food and nutrition to sustain the global population, 
        among vulnerable populations and households through inclusive 
        growth, while reducing reliance upon emergency food and 
        economic assistance;'';
            (3) in paragraph (5) by inserting ``, local savings groups, 
        and investment in agricultural research'' after ``property 
        rights'';
            (4) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
            ``(6) improve the nutritional status of women, adolescent 
        girls, and children, with a focus on reducing child stunting 
        and incidence of wasting, including through the promotion of 
        highly nutritious foods, diet diversification, large-scale food 
        fortification, and nutritional behaviors that improve maternal 
        and child health;''; and
            (5) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``fragility, 
        resilience,'' after ``national security,''.

SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 4 of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``, including in 
        response to shocks and stresses to food security'' before the 
        period at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (12) as 
        paragraphs (5) through (13), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Food system.--The term `food system' means the intact 
        or whole unit made up of interrelated components of people, 
        behaviors, relationships, and material goods that interact in 
        the production, processing, packaging, transporting, trade, 
        marketing, consumption, and use of food, feed, and fiber 
        through aquaculture, farming, wild fisheries, forestry, and 
        pastoralism that operates within and is influenced by social, 
        political, economic, and environmental contexts.'';
            (4) in paragraph (6)(H), as redesignated--
                    (A) by inserting ``local'' before ``agricultural''; 
                and
                    (B) by inserting ``youth,'' after ``small-scale 
                producers,'';
            (5) in paragraph (8), as redesignated, by inserting ``the 
        Inter-American Foundation,'' after ``Geological Survey,'';
            (6) in paragraph (9), as redesignated--
                    (A) by inserting ``agriculture and food'' before 
                ``systems''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, including global food 
                catastrophes,'' after ``food security'';
            (7) in paragraph (10), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``fishers'' and inserting ``artisanal fishing communities'';
            (8) in paragraph (13), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``agriculture and nutrition security'' and inserting ``food and 
        nutrition security and agriculture-led economic growth''; and
            (9) by inserting after paragraph (13), as redesignated, the 
        following:
            ``(14) Wasting.--The term `wasting' means--
                    ``(A) a life-threatening condition attributable to 
                poor nutrient intake or disease that is characterized 
                by a rapid deterioration in nutritional status over a 
                short period of time; and
                    ``(B) in the case of children, is characterized by 
                low weight-for-height and weakened immunity, increasing 
                their risk of death due to greater frequency and 
                severity of common infection, particularly when 
                severe.''.

SEC. 5. COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.

    (a) Strategy.--Section 5(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 
(22 U.S.C. 9304(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``country-owned 
        agriculture, nutrition, and food security policy'' and 
        inserting ``partner country-led agriculture, nutrition, 
        regulatory, food security, and water resources management 
        policy''; and
            (2) by amending paragraph (5) to read as follows:
            ``(5) support the locally led and inclusive development of 
        agriculture and food systems, with small-scale producers, 
        especially women, gaining greater access to the inputs, skills, 
        resource management capacity, networking, bargaining power, 
        financing, market linkages, technology, and information needed 
        to sustainably increase productivity and incomes to reduce 
        extreme poverty and malnutrition, and promote long-term 
        economic prosperity;'';
            (3) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, adolescent girls,'' after 
                ``women''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``and preventing incidence of 
                wasting'' after ``reducing child stunting'';
            (4) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``poor water resource 
        management and'' after ``including'';
            (5) in paragraph (8)--
                    (A) by striking ``the long term success of 
                programs'' and inserting ``long-term impact''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, including agricultural 
                research capacity,'' after ``institutions'';
            (6) in paragraph (9)--
                    (A) by striking ``and nutrition strategies'' and 
                inserting ``, nutrition strategies, and effective 
                natural resource management approaches''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``adapt,'' before ``build safety 
                nets'';
            (7) by redesignating paragraphs (12) through (17) as 
        paragraphs (13) through (18), respectively;
            (8) by striking paragraphs (10) and (11) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(10) develop community and producer resilience to 
        disasters and emergencies, including droughts, flooding, pests, 
        and diseases, that adversely impact agricultural yield and 
        livelihoods;
            ``(11) utilize evidenced-based best practices, including 
        scientific and forecasting data, and improved planning and 
        coordination by, with, and among key partners and relevant 
        Federal departments and agencies to identify, analyze, measure, 
        and mitigate risks, and strengthen resilience capacities;
            ``(12) harness science, technology, and innovation, 
        including the research and extension activities supported by 
        the private sector, relevant Federal departments and agencies, 
        Feed the Future Innovation Labs or any successor entities, and 
        international and local researchers and innovators, recognizing 
        that significant investments in research and technological 
        advances will be necessary to reduce global poverty, hunger, 
        and malnutrition;'';
            (9) in paragraph (14), as redesignated, by inserting 
        ``nongovernmental organizations, including'' after ``civil 
        society,''
            (10) in paragraph (17), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``and'' at the end;
            (11) in paragraph (18), as redesignated, by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
            (12) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(19) be periodically updated in a manner that reflects 
        learning and best practices.''.
    (b) Periodic Updates.--Section 5 of the Global Food Security Act of 
2016 (22 U.S.C. 9304), as amended by subsection (a), is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Periodic Updates.--Not less frequently than quinquennially 
through fiscal year 2031, the President, in consultation with the head 
of each relevant Federal department and agency, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees updates to the Global Food 
Security Strategy required under subsection (a) and the agency-specific 
plans described in subsection (c)(2).''.

SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE GLOBAL FOOD 
              SECURITY STRATEGY.

    Section 6(b) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 
9305(b)) is amended by--
            (1) striking ``$1,000,600,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 
        through 2023'' and inserting ``$1,230,000,000 for each of the 
        fiscal years 2024 through 2028''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, which should be prioritized for 
        programs and activities in target countries'' before the period 
        at the end.

SEC. 7. EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--Section 7(a) of the Global Food Security 
Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9306(a)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            ``(1) after more than a decade of conflict in Syria and the 
        onset of other major humanitarian emergencies where the 
        provision of certain United States humanitarian assistance has 
        been particularly challenging, including the 2021 crisis in 
        Northern Ethiopia, the 2021 super-typhoon in the Philippines, 
        the 2021 earthquake in Haiti, the 2018 Ebola outbreak in the 
        Democratic Republic of Congo, the ongoing humanitarian 
        disasters in Yemen and South Sudan, and primary and secondary 
        threats from the global COVID-19 pandemic, United States 
        international disaster assistance has become severely stressed;
            ``(2) Russia's unjustifiable invasion of Ukraine has 
        exacerbated existing food insecurity crises around the world, 
        most notably in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Yemen, Afghanistan, and 
        Somalia, where more than 750,000 people are at risk for famine, 
        starvation, and death;
            ``(3) the Russian invasion follows growing global rates of 
        conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic, and increasingly severe 
        climate shocks; and
            ``(4) the United Stated must continue to enable people who 
        are in crisis to lift themselves out of hunger and poverty.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 492(a) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292a(a)) is amended by striking 
``$2,794,184,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2023, of which 
up to $1,257,382,000'' and inserting ``$3,905,460,000 for each of the 
fiscal years 2024 through 2028, of which up to $1,757,457,000''.

SEC. 8. REPORTS.

    Section 8(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 
9307(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``During each of the first 7 years 
                after the date of the submission of the strategy 
                required under section 5(c)'' and inserting ``For each 
                of the fiscal years 2024 through 2028'';
                    (B) by striking ``reports that describe'' and 
                inserting ``a report that describes''; and
                    (C) by striking ``at the end of the reporting 
                period'' and inserting ``during the preceding year'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``, including any 
        changes to the target countries selected pursuant to the 
        selection criteria described in section 5(a)(2) and 
        justifications for any such changes'' before the semicolon at 
        the end;
            (3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``identify and'' before 
        ``describe'';
            (4) by redesignating paragraphs (12) through (14) as 
        paragraphs (15) through (17), respectively;
            (5) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (11) as 
        paragraphs (7) through (13), respectively;
            (6) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) identify and describe the priority quantitative 
        metrics used to establish baselines and performance targets at 
        the initiative, account, country, and zone of influence levels;
            ``(5) identify such established baselines and performance 
        targets at the account, country, and zone of influence levels;
            ``(6) identify the output and outcome benchmarks and 
        indicators used to measure results annually, and report the 
        annual measurement of results for each of the priority metrics 
        identified pursuant to paragraph (4), broken down by age, 
        gender, and disability, to the extent practicable and 
        appropriate, in an open and transparent manner that is 
        accessible to the American people;'';
            (7) in paragraph (7), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``agriculture'' and inserting ``food'';
            (8) in paragraph (8), as redesignated--
                    (A) by inserting ``quantitative and qualitative'' 
                after ``how''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``at the initiative, account, 
                country, and zone of influence levels, including 
                longitudinal data and key uncertainties'' before the 
                semicolon at the end;
            (9) in paragraph (9), as redesignated, by inserting 
        ``within target countries, amounts and justification for any 
        spending outside of target countries'' after ``amounts spent'';
            (10) in paragraph (13), as redesignated--
                    (A) by striking ``and the impact of private sector 
                investment'' and inserting ``and efforts to encourage 
                financial donor burden sharing and the impact of such 
                investment and efforts'';
            (11) by inserting after paragraph (13), as redesignated, 
        the following:
            ``(14) describe how agriculture research is prioritized 
        within the Global Food Security Strategy to support 
        sustainable, agriculture-led growth and eventual self-
        sufficiency and assess efforts to coordinate research programs 
        within the Global Food Security Strategy with key 
        stakeholders;'';
            (12) in paragraph (16), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``and'' at the end;
            (13) in paragraph (17), as redesignated--
                    (A) by inserting ``, including key missteps,'' 
                after ``lessons learned''; and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and''; and
            (14) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(18) during the final year of each strategy required 
        under section 5, complete country graduation reports to 
        determine whether a country should remain a target country 
        based on quantitative and qualitative analysis.''.
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