[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3699 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






117th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3699

To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development 
activities of the Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other 
                               purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           February 17, 2022

Mr. Manchin (for himself, Mr. Barrasso, Mr. Durbin, and Mrs. Blackburn) 
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 
               Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development 
activities of the Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Energy Science for the 
Future Act of 2022''.

SEC. 2. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.

    Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) User Facilities.--The Director shall carry out the 
construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to support 
the mission described in subsection (c). As practicable, these 
facilities shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the 
academic community, and other relevant entities for the purposes of 
advancing the missions of the Department, improving the competitiveness 
of the United States, protecting public health and safety, and 
addressing other national priorities including emergencies.
    ``(e) Coordination.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary--
                    ``(A) shall ensure the coordination of the Office 
                of Science with the other activities of the Department, 
                including the transfer of knowledge, capabilities, and 
                relevant technologies from basic research programs of 
                the Department to applied research and development 
                programs of the Department for the purpose of enabling 
                development of mission-relevant technologies;
                    ``(B) shall support joint activities among the 
                programs of the Department;
                    ``(C) shall coordinate with other relevant Federal 
                agencies in supporting advancements in related research 
                areas as appropriate; and
                    ``(D) may form partnerships to enhance the 
                utilization of and ensure access to user facilities by 
                other Federal agencies.
            ``(2) Office of science.--The Director--
                    ``(A) shall ensure the coordination of programs and 
                activities carried out by the Office of Science; and
                    ``(B) shall direct all programs which have not 
                recently completed a future planning roadmap consistent 
                with the funding of such programs authorized under the 
                Department of Energy Science for the Future Act of 2022 
                to complete such a roadmap.''.

SEC. 3. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.

    (a) Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.--Section 303 
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18641) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as 
        subsections (c) through (g), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated, 
        the following:
    ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research and development program in basic 
energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical 
sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to 
understand, model, and control matter and energy at the electronic, 
atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for 
new energy technologies, address scientific grand challenges, and 
support the energy, environment, and national security missions of the 
Department.
    ``(b) Sustainable Chemistry.--In carrying out chemistry-related 
research and development activities under this section, the Director 
shall prioritize research and development of sustainable chemistry to 
support clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies to 
traditional chemical products and processes.'';
            (3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (E); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 
                        the following:
                    ``(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis 
                and characterization facilities that leverage advances 
                in artificial intelligence; and''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                            ``(ii) Hard x-ray.--The term `hard x-ray' 
                        means a photon with energy greater than 20 
                        kiloelectron volts.
                    ``(B) Upgrade.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
                upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the 
                publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on 
                Facility Upgrades', including the development of a 
                multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and 
                a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before March 31, 2026.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                upgrade under this paragraph $101,000,000 for fiscal 
                year 2022 and $56,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
            ``(5) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                    ``(B) Proton power upgrade defined.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `proton power upgrade' means the 
                Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade described in--
                            ``(i) the publication entitled `Facilities 
                        for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
                        Outlook', published by the Office of Science of 
                        the Department in December, 2003;
                            ``(ii) the publication entitled `Four Years 
                        Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the 
                        Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', 
                        published by the Office of Science of the 
                        Department in August, 2007; and
                            ``(iii) the publication approved by the 
                        Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
                        June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on Facility 
                        Upgrades'.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before July 30, 2028, with the 
                option for early operation in 2025.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                upgrade under this paragraph $49,800,000 for fiscal 
                year 2022.
            ``(6) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                a second target station for the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                    ``(B) Second target station defined.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `second target station' means the 
                Spallation Neutron Source second target station 
                described in--
                            ``(i) the publication entitled, `Facilities 
                        for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
                        Outlook', published by the Office of Science of 
                        the Department in December, 2003;
                            ``(ii) the publication entitled, `Four 
                        Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities 
                        for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
                        Outlook', published by the Office of Science of 
                        the Department in August, 2007; and
                            ``(iii) the publication approved by the 
                        Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
                        June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on Facility 
                        Upgrades'.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the second target 
                station under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 
                2033, with the option for early operation in 2029.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                activities under this paragraph, including 
                construction--
                            ``(i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            ``(7) Advanced light source upgrade.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                            ``(ii) Soft x-ray.--The term `soft x-ray' 
                        means a photon with energy in the range from 50 
                        to 2,000 electron volts.
                    ``(B) Upgrade.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
                upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the 
                publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on 
                Facility Upgrades', including the development of a 
                multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before September 30, 2029.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                upgrade under this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $26,400,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            ``(8) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) High energy.--The term `high energy', 
                        with respect to an x-ray, means a photon with 
                        an energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt 
                        range.
                            ``(ii) High repetition rate.--The term 
                        `high repetition rate' means the delivery of x-
                        ray pulses up to 1,000,000 pulses per second.
                            ``(iii) Ultra-short pulse.--The term 
                        `ultra-short pulse', with respect to an x-ray, 
                        means that the x-ray has bursts capable of 
                        durations of less than 100 femtoseconds.
                    ``(B) Upgrade.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac 
                        Coherent Light Source II facility described in 
                        the publication approved by the Basic Energy 
                        Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, 
                        entitled `Report on Facility Upgrades', 
                        including the development of experimental 
                        capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal 
                        fundamental scientific discoveries; and
                            ``(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 
                        production and use of high energy, ultra-short 
                        pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition 
                        rate.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2026.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                upgrade under this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            ``(9) Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance 
                facility to service the Linac Coherent Light Source II 
                and subsequent upgrades.
                    ``(B) Consultation required.--The Secretary shall 
                consult with the private sector, institutions of higher 
                education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal 
                agencies to ensure that the facility described in 
                subparagraph (A) has the capability to maintain, 
                repair, and test superconducting radio frequency 
                accelerator components.
                    ``(C) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                activities under this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            ``(10) Nanoscale science research center recapitalization 
        project.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research 
                Centers, to include the upgrade of equipment at each 
                Center supported by the Office of Science on the date 
                of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for 
                the Future Act of 2022, to accelerate advances in the 
                various fields of science including nanoscience, 
                materials, chemistry, biology, and quantum information 
                science.
                    ``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
                recapitalization under this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            ``(11) National synchrotron light source ii beamline 
        buildout.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the development and construction of beamlines to 
                provide significant additional capacity, complement the 
                existing portfolio of beamlines, and complete the 
                buildout of the National Synchrotron Light Source II.
                    ``(B) Start of operations.--Subject to the 
                availability of appropriations, the Secretary--
                            ``(i) shall begin carrying out subparagraph 
                        (A) not later than September 30, 2036; and
                            ``(ii) may begin carrying out subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    ``(I) in calendar year 2033; or
                                    ``(II) after the construction of 
                                individual beamlines is complete.
                    ``(C) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are 
                necessary to carry out this paragraph.''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support a program of 
        research and development for the application of advanced 
        computing practices to foundational and emerging research 
        problems in chemistry and materials science. Research 
        activities shall include--
                    ``(A) chemical catalysis research and development;
                    ``(B) the use of large data sets to model materials 
                phenomena, including through advanced characterization 
                of materials, materials synthesis, processing, and 
                innovative use of experimental and theoretical data;
                    ``(C) codesign of chemical system and chemistry 
                modeling software with advanced computing systems and 
                hardware technologies; and
                    ``(D) modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, 
                and reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum 
                chemistry, including through novel computing methods.
            ``(2) Computational materials and chemical sciences 
        centers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
                select and establish up to 6 computational materials 
                and chemical sciences centers to--
                            ``(i) develop open-source, robust, and 
                        validated computational codes and user-friendly 
                        software, coupled with innovative use of 
                        experimental and theoretical data, to enable 
                        the design, discovery, and development of new 
                        materials and chemical systems; and
                            ``(ii) focus on overcoming challenges and 
                        maximizing the benefits of exascale and other 
                        high performance computing underpinned by 
                        accelerated node technologies.
                    ``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select centers 
                under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
                basis. The Director shall consider applications from 
                the National Laboratories, institutes of higher 
                education, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
                other appropriate entities.
                    ``(C) Duration.--
                            ``(i) New centers.--A center selected under 
                        subparagraph (A) shall receive support for a 
                        period of not more than 5 years beginning on 
                        the date of establishment of that center, 
                        subject to the availability of appropriations.
                            ``(ii) Existing centers.--A center already 
                        in existence on the date of enactment of the 
                        Department of Energy Science for the Future Act 
                        of 2022 may continue to receive support for a 
                        period of not more than 5 years beginning on 
                        the date of establishment of that center.
                    ``(D) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period 
                of support of a center under this subsection, the 
                Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-
                reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
                    ``(E) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are 
                necessary to carry out this paragraph.
    ``(i) Materials Research Database.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support the 
        development of a web-based platform to develop and provide 
        access to a database of computed information on known and 
        predicted materials properties and computational tools to 
        accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
            ``(2) Program.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director shall--
                    ``(A) conduct cooperative research among National 
                Laboratories, industry, academia, and other research 
                institutions to advance understanding, prediction, and 
                manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of 
                novel materials;
                    ``(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at 
                user facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, 
                label, and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in 
                the database;
                    ``(C) leverage existing high performance computing 
                systems to conduct high throughput calculations, and 
                develop computational and data mining algorithms for 
                the prediction of material properties;
                    ``(D) strengthen the foundation for new 
                technologies and advanced manufacturing; and
                    ``(E) drive the development of advanced materials 
                for applications that span the Department's missions in 
                energy, environment, and national security.
            ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director shall leverage programs and activities across the 
        Department, including computational materials and chemical 
        sciences centers established under subsection (h).
            ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection 
        $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
    ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section--
            ``(1) $2,877,705,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $2,978,896,600 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $3,169,489,612 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $3,311,698,885 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $3,441,651,600 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--Section 973 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Funds.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Funds.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.''.
    (c) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--Section 975 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) to ensure the competitiveness of the United 
                States in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem 
                linking fundamental research and development to 
                deployment of storage solutions while minimizing the 
                environmental impacts of energy storage 
                technologies.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) any other relevant office of the 
                Department.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.'';
            (3) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.''; and
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.''.
    (d) Foundational Nuclear Science.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the Office of Science 
        shall support a program of research and development to bridge 
        scientific barriers to, and expand theoretical and fundamental 
        knowledge relevant to, nuclear matter for the benefit of 
        commerce, medicine, and national security.
            (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) the Director of the Office of Science shall 
                support basic research to pursue distinct lines of 
                scientific inquiry, including--
                            (i) nuclear materials science, including 
                        the application of advanced computing practices 
                        to foundational and emerging research problems 
                        in nuclear materials science and discovery;
                            (ii) the use of large data sets to model 
                        materials phenomena, including through--
                                    (I) advanced characterization of 
                                materials;
                                    (II) materials synthesis;
                                    (III) processing; and
                                    (IV) innovative use of experimental 
                                and theoretical data;
                            (iii) electrochemistry and associated 
                        techniques for processing nuclear materials;
                            (iv) advanced instrumentation and nuclear 
                        data collection to inform the activities 
                        described in clauses (i) through (iii); and
                            (v) any other line of scientific inquiry, 
                        as determined by the Director of the Office of 
                        Science; and
                    (B) the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy 
                shall consult with the Director of the Office of 
                Science to support the direction of translational 
                research, development, and validation of physical 
                concepts developed under the program.
            (3) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out 
        activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
        years 2022 through 2026.
    (e) Carbon Materials Science Initiative.--
            (1) Initiative.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred 
                to in this subsection as the ``Secretary'') shall 
                establish a research initiative, to be known as the 
                ``Carbon Materials Science Initiative'' (referred to in 
                this subsection as the ``Initiative''), to expand the 
                fundamental knowledge of coal and carbon ore chemistry 
                useful for understanding the conversion of carbon to 
                material products.
                    (B) Coordination.--In carrying out programs and 
                activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
                leverage expertise and resources from the Office of 
                Fossil Energy and Carbon Management and the United 
                States Geological Survey.
                    (C) Teams.--
                            (i) In general.--In carrying out the 
                        Initiative, the Secretary shall establish and 
                        organize activities among multidisciplinary 
                        teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, expertise from the National 
                        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
                        and the private sector.
                            (ii) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams 
                        described in clause (i) shall pursue 
                        aggressive, milestone-driven basic research 
                        goals established by the Secretary.
            (2) Research program.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
                under the Initiative a program to support, and discover 
                knowledge relevant to, carbon materials research.
                    (B) Activities.--As part of the program described 
                in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) the Director of the Office of Science 
                        shall support basic research to pursue distinct 
                        lines of scientific inquiry, including methods 
                        of extraction and utilization of the materials 
                        and valuable minerals contained in raw coal; 
                        and
                            (ii) the Director of the Office of Science 
                        and the Assistant Secretary of Energy for 
                        Fossil Energy and Carbon Management shall 
                        support basic research to pursue distinct lines 
                        of scientific inquiry, including methods of 
                        improving materials for use as carbon oxide 
                        membranes for use in carbon capture systems.
                    (C) Review.--The Secretary shall periodically 
                review activities carried out under the program 
                described in subparagraph (A) to evaluate the 
                achievement of technical milestones.
                    (D) Coordination with existing programs and 
                centers.--In carrying out the program described in 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                            (i) ensure coordination with--
                                    (I) the United States Geological 
                                Survey; and
                                    (II) the programs and the Carbon 
                                Utilization Research Center established 
                                under section 969A of the Energy Policy 
                                Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16298a); and
                            (ii) avoid duplication of efforts to the 
                        maximum extent practicable.
            (3) Carbon materials research centers.--
                    (A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall 
                establish 1 center in each of the 2 major coal-
                producing regions of the United States, each of which 
                shall--
                            (i) be known as a ``Carbon Materials 
                        Research Center'' (referred to in this 
                        paragraph as a ``Center''); and
                            (ii) focus on early stage research and 
                        development activities, including--
                                    (I) developing and advancing 
                                methods of extracting carbon or other 
                                valuable materials from raw coal, or 
                                other solid carbon materials, for the 
                                development of other carbon-based 
                                materials;
                                    (II) improving methods of improving 
                                the structural, physical, and chemical 
                                properties of carbon materials or other 
                                valuable materials from raw coal or 
                                other solid carbon materials and their 
                                recyclability; and
                                    (III) focusing on overcoming the 
                                challenges and maximizing the benefits 
                                of coal-derived carbon.
                    (B) Selection.--The Secretary shall--
                            (i) select Centers under subparagraph (A) 
                        on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and
                            (ii) consider applications from the 
                        National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
                        education, multi-institutional collaborations, 
                        and other appropriate entities.
                    (C) Duration.--A Center shall receive support for a 
                period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date 
                of establishment of that Center, subject to the 
                availability of appropriations.
                    (D) Renewal.--On the expiration of any period of 
                support of a Center, the Secretary may renew support 
                for that Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a 
                period of not more than 5 years.
            (4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.
    (f) Carbon Oxide Sequestration Research and Geologic Computing 
Initiative.--
            (1) Initiative.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred 
                to in this subsection as the ``Secretary'') shall 
                establish a research initiative, to be known as the 
                ``Carbon Oxide Sequestration Research and Geologic 
                Computing Initiative'' (referred to in this subsection 
                as the ``Initiative''), to expand the fundamental 
                knowledge, data collection, data analysis, and modeling 
                of subsurface geology for the purpose of advancing 
                carbon oxide sequestration in geologic formations.
                    (B) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and 
                activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
                leverage expertise and resources from the Office of 
                Fossil Energy and Carbon Management and the United 
                States Geological Survey.
                    (C) Teams.--
                            (i) In general.--In carrying out the 
                        Initiative, the Secretary shall establish and 
                        organize activities among multidisciplinary 
                        teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, expertise from the National 
                        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
                        and the private sector.
                            (ii) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams 
                        described in clause (i) shall pursue 
                        aggressive, milestone-driven basic research 
                        goals established by the Secretary.
                    (D) Additional activities.--The Secretary may 
                organize additional activities under this subsection 
                through other organizational structures.
            (2) Research program.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
                under the Initiative a program to support research 
                needed for, and discover knowledge relevant to, the 
                sequestration of carbon oxides in geologic formations.
                    (B) Activities.--As part of the program described 
                in subparagraph (A), the Director of the Office of 
                Science shall support basic research to pursue distinct 
                lines of scientific inquiry, including--
                            (i) methods of gathering geologic data for 
                        pore space characterization, including 
                        improvements to geologic seismic imaging;
                            (ii) methods of evaluating pore space 
                        quality, including evaluation of geologic 
                        samples, to determine appropriate sequestration 
                        zones for carbon oxides;
                            (iii) methods of testing carbon oxide 
                        sequestration;
                            (iv) methods of monitoring carbon oxide 
                        migration in geologic formations; and
                            (v) advancements in data analytics, 
                        including the analysis of seismic data, and 
                        computing to improve the advanced computing, 
                        visualization, and imaging of geologic 
                        formations for the sequestration of carbon 
                        oxides.
                    (C) Review.--The Secretary shall periodically 
                review activities carried out under the program 
                described in subparagraph (A) to evaluate achievement 
                of technical milestones.
            (3) Carbon oxide storage research and geologic computing 
        centers.--
                    (A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (2), the Director of the 
                Office of Science shall select and establish not more 
                than 2 carbon oxide storage research and geologic 
                computing centers (referred to in this paragraph as a 
                ``Center'') to develop and advance improvements to data 
                collection, analysis, and modeling of subsurface 
                geology for the purpose of advancing carbon oxide 
                sequestration in geologic formations.
                    (B) Selection.--
                            (i) In general.--The Director of the Office 
                        of Science shall--
                                    (I) select Centers under 
                                subparagraph (A) on a competitive, 
                                merit-reviewed basis; and
                                    (II) to the maximum extent 
                                practicable, locate each Center in a 
                                region with established and ongoing 
                                geologic carbon oxide sequestration 
                                research and demonstration.
                            (ii) Applications.--In selecting Centers 
                        under subparagraph (A), the Director of the 
                        Office of Science shall consider applications 
                        from institutions of higher education, multi-
                        institutional collaborations, and other 
                        appropriate entities.
                    (C) Duration.--
                            (i) New centers.--A Center established 
                        after the date of enactment of this Act shall 
                        receive support for a period of not more than 5 
                        years beginning on the date of establishment of 
                        that Center, subject to the availability of 
                        appropriations.
                            (ii) Existing centers.--A Center already in 
                        existence on the date of enactment of this Act 
                        may continue to receive support for a period of 
                        not more than 5 years beginning on that date of 
                        enactment.
                            (iii) Renewal.--On expiration of a period 
                        of support described in clause (i) or (ii), the 
                        Director of the Office of Science may renew 
                        support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed 
                        basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
            (4) Coordination with existing programs and centers.--In 
        carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) ensure coordination with--
                            (i) the United States Geological Survey; 
                        and
                            (ii) the programs established under section 
                        963 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
                        16293); and
                    (B) avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum 
                extent practicable.
            (5) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.

SEC. 4. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

    (a) Program; Biological Systems; Biomolecular Characterization and 
Imaging Science.--Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by redesignating paragraphs (6) 
        through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (7), respectively;
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as 
        subsections (d) through (f), respectively;
            (3) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Program.--As part of the duties of the Director authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the activities authorized under 
sections 303 and 304, the Director shall carry out a program of 
research and development in the areas of biological systems science and 
climate and environmental science, including subsurface science, 
relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to support 
the energy, environmental, and national security missions of the 
Department.
    ``(b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out research 
and development activities in genomic science including fundamental 
research on plants and microbes to increase systems-level understanding 
of the complex biological systems, which may include activities--
            ``(1) to provide a fundamental understanding of the biology 
        of plants, fungi, and microbes as a basis for developing 
        innovative processes for bioenergy and bioproducts and 
        accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable 
        the cost-effective, sustainable production of--
                    ``(A) advanced biofuels;
                    ``(B) bioenergy; and
                    ``(C) biobased materials;
            ``(2) to conduct foundational functional biology research--
                    ``(A) to support expanded biosystems design 
                research; and
                    ``(B) to understand--
                            ``(i) fundamental genome structure; and
                            ``(ii) phenomes, including functional 
                        genomics of gene products at genome scale;
            ``(3) to develop biosystems designs and synthetic biology 
        approaches for new nonfood plant-derived and microbially 
        derived bioproducts as a basis for new bioeconomy and 
        biotechnology applications in bioproducts production, resource 
        recovery, recycling, and upcycling ventures;
            ``(4) to conduct research to better understand 
        environmentally relevant microbiomes and the interdependencies 
        between plants and microbes in a sustainable ecosystem;
            ``(5) to improve fundamental understanding of plant and 
        microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, 
        including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the 
        atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological 
        processes, for sequestration, storage, and utilization;
            ``(6) to understand the microbiome mechanisms and 
        microbiota used to transform, immobilize, or remove 
        contaminants from subsurface environments and that affect the 
        cycling and disposition of carbon, nutrients, and contaminants 
        in the environment;
            ``(7) to develop the computational approaches and 
        integrated platforms for open access collaborative science;
            ``(8) to leverage tools and approaches across the Office of 
        Science to expand research to include novel processes, methods, 
        and science to develop bio-based chemicals, polymers, inorganic 
        materials, including research--
                    ``(A) to advance fungal, microbial, and plant 
                biosystems design research to advance the understanding 
                of how CRISPR tools and other gene editing tools and 
                technologies work in nature, in the laboratory, and in 
                practice;
                    ``(B) to deepen genome-enabled knowledge of the 
                roles of microbes and microbial communities, including 
                fungi, in--
                            ``(i) supporting plant and tree 
                        productivity, performance, adaptation, and 
                        resilience in changing environmental 
                        conditions; and
                            ``(ii) optimizing end uses of biomass;
                    ``(C) to develop biosystems design methods and 
                tools to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in 
                plants; and
                    ``(D) to increase the scale and pace of 
                characterizing the functions and physical 
                characteristics of microbes and microbial communities 
                to improve biosystems design;
            ``(9) to conduct research focused on developing analysis 
        techniques and simulation capabilities, including artificial 
        intelligence and machine learning, on high-performance 
        computing platforms to accelerate collaborative and 
        reproducible systems biology research;
            ``(10) to develop new technologies for bioimaging, 
        measurement, and characterization purposes--
                    ``(A) through the Biomolecular Characterization and 
                Imaging Science program of the Department; and
                    ``(B) to understand the structural, spatial, and 
                temporal relationships of metabolic processes governing 
                phenotypic expression in plants and microbes;
            ``(11) to conduct research focused on genotype-to-phenotype 
        translations to develop a predictive understanding of cellular 
        function under a variety of relevant environmental and 
        bioenergy-related conditions;
            ``(12) to conduct metagenomic and metadata assembly 
        research sequencing and analysis; and
            ``(13) to develop other relevant methods and processes as 
        determined by the Director.
    ``(c) Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science.--The 
Director shall carry out research and development activities in 
biomolecular characterization and imaging science, including 
development of integrative imaging and analysis platforms and 
biosensors to understand the expression, structure, and function of 
genome information encoded within cells and for real-time measurements 
in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the 
Department.''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Advanced biofuel.--The term `advanced biofuel' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 9001 of the Farm Security 
        and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).
            ``(2) Bioenergy.--The term `bioenergy' means energy derived 
        from biofuels.
            ``(3) Biomass.--The term `biomass' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
        U.S.C. 15852(b)).
            ``(4) Bioproduct.--The term `bioproduct' has the meaning 
        given the term `biobased product' in section 9001 of the Farm 
        Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).''.
    (b) Low-Dose Radiation Research Program.--Paragraph (8) of 
subsection (e) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), 
is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'';
            (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(F) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (c) Low-Dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--
Subsection (f) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), 
is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Low-Dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, shall carry out a basic research program on the 
        similarities and differences between the effects of exposure to 
        low-dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the 
        space environment.
            ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the program described in 
        paragraph (1) is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and 
        low dose-rate radiation research and development as described 
        in subsection (e) and to inform the advancement of new tools, 
        technologies, and advanced materials needed to facilitate long-
        duration space exploration.''.
    (d) Climate, Environmental Science, and Other Activities.--Section 
306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644) (as amended by subsection (a)) is amended by inserting after 
subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Activities.--
            ``(1) In general.--As part of the activities authorized 
        under subsection (a), and in coordination with activities 
        carried out under subsection (b), the Director shall carry out 
        earth and environmental systems science research, in 
        consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration and other relevant agencies, which may include 
        activities--
                    ``(A) to understand, observe, measure, and model 
                the response of Earth's atmosphere and biosphere to 
                changing concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and 
                any associated changes in climate, including frequency 
                and intensity of extreme weather events;
                    ``(B) to understand the coupled physical, chemical, 
                and biological processes to transform, immobilize, 
                remove, or move carbon, nitrogen, and other energy 
                production-derived contaminants such as radionuclides 
                and heavy metals, and understand the process of 
                sequestration and transformation of these, carbon 
                dioxide, and other relevant molecules in subsurface 
                environments;
                    ``(C) to understand, observe, and model the cycling 
                of water, carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems 
                and at scales relevant to resources management;
                    ``(D) to understand the biological, biogeochemical, 
                and physical processes across the multiple scales that 
                control the flux of environmentally relevant compounds 
                between the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and
                    ``(E) to understand and predict interactions among 
                natural and human systems to inform potential 
                mitigation and adaptation options for increased 
                concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any 
                associated changes in climate.
            ``(2) Prioritization.--In carrying out the program 
        authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize--
                    ``(A) the development of software and algorithms to 
                enable the productive application of environmental 
                systems and extreme weather in climate and Earth system 
                prediction models in high-performance computing 
                systems; and
                    ``(B) capabilities that support the Department's 
                mission needs for energy and infrastructure security, 
                resilience, and reliability.
            ``(3) Environmental systems science research.--
                    ``(A) In general.--As part of the activities 
                described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry 
                out research to advance an integrated, robust, and 
                scale-aware predictive understanding of environmental 
                systems, including the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, 
                from the subsurface to the top of the vegetative canopy 
                that considers effects of seasonal to interannual 
                variability and change.
                    ``(B) Clean water and watershed research.--As part 
                of the activities described in subparagraph (A), the 
                Director shall--
                            ``(i) support interdisciplinary research to 
                        significantly advance our understanding of 
                        water availability, quality, and the impact of 
                        human activity and a changing climate on urban 
                        and rural watershed systems, including in 
                        freshwater environments;
                            ``(ii) consult with the Interagency 
                        Research, Development, and Demonstration 
                        Coordination Committee on the Nexus of Energy 
                        and Water for Sustainability established under 
                        section 1010 of the Energy Act of 2020 (Public 
                        Law 116-260) on energy-water nexus research 
                        activities; and
                            ``(iii) engage with representatives of 
                        research and academic institutions, nonprofit 
                        organizations, State, local, and tribal 
                        governments, and industry, who have expertise 
                        in technologies, technological innovations, or 
                        practices relating to the energy-water nexus, 
                        as applicable.
                    ``(C) Coordination.--
                            ``(i) Director.--The Director shall carry 
                        out activities under this paragraph in 
                        accordance with priorities established by the 
                        Secretary to support and accelerate the 
                        decontamination of relevant facilities managed 
                        by the Department.
                            ``(ii) Secretary.--The Secretary shall 
                        ensure the coordination of activities of the 
                        Department, including activities under this 
                        paragraph, to support and accelerate the 
                        decontamination of relevant facilities managed 
                        by the Department.
            ``(4) Climate and earth modeling.--As part of the 
        activities described in paragraph (1), the Director, in 
        collaboration with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
        program described in section 304 and other programs carried out 
        by the Department, as applicable, and in consultation with the 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other 
        relevant agencies, shall carry out research to develop, 
        evaluate, and use high-resolution regional climate, global 
        climate, Earth system, and other relevant models to inform 
        decisions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the 
        resulting impacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
                multisectoral interactions, including the impacts of 
                climate policies on human systems and the 
                interdependencies and risks at the energy-water-land 
                nexus;
                    ``(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, energy 
                supply and demand, and other critical elements; and
                    ``(C) interaction among human and Earth systems 
                informed by interdisciplinary research, including the 
                economic and social sciences.
            ``(5) Midscale funding mechanism.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any of the activities authorized 
                in this subsection may be carried out by competitively 
                selected midscale, multi-institutional research centers 
                in lieu of individual research grants, or large-scale 
                experiments or user facilities.
                    ``(B) Consideration.--The Biological and 
                Environmental Research Advisory Committee shall provide 
                recommendations to the Director on projects most 
                suitable for the research centers described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(6) Atmospheric sciences research subprogram.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
                subprogram as part of the activities carried out under 
                paragraph (1), to be known as the `Atmospheric Sciences 
                Research Subprogram', under which the Secretary shall 
                conduct research relating to--
                            ``(i) better understanding the atmosphere 
                        and the interaction of the atmosphere with the 
                        surface of the Earth;
                            ``(ii) understanding sources of uncertainty 
                        in Earth system models, including with respect 
                        to the interdependence of clouds (including 
                        contrails), atmospheric aerosols (including 
                        natural aerosol loading events), and 
                        precipitation;
                            ``(iii) understanding the radiative balance 
                        and hydrological cycle of Earth; and
                            ``(iv) demonstrating the improved 
                        predictability of regional and global 
                        atmospheric models due to improved process-
                        level understanding.
                    ``(B) Activities.--In carrying out the Atmospheric 
                Sciences Research Subprogram, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) collect data and conduct research to 
                        advance atmospheric and Earth system modeling 
                        capabilities;
                            ``(ii) develop integrated, scalable test-
                        beds that--
                                    ``(I) incorporate process-level 
                                understanding of the life cycles of 
                                aerosols, clouds, and precipitation; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) can be incorporated into 
                                other models;
                            ``(iii) improve data, analysis, and 
                        prediction systems in marine, littoral, 
                        terrestrial, and arctic environments, including 
                        those environments sensitive to changes in the 
                        climate; and
                            ``(iv) support the development of 
                        technologies relating to--
                                    ``(I) more accurate cloud, aerosol, 
                                and other atmospheric sensors;
                                    ``(II) observing sensor networks; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) computational predictive 
                                modeling.
                    ``(C) Use of atmospheric radiation measurement 
                program facilities and infrastructure.--To support the 
                Atmospheric Sciences Research Subprogram and improve 
                fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical 
                processes that impact the formation, life cycle, and 
                radiative impacts of cloud and aerosol particles, the 
                Secretary shall use the facilities and infrastructure 
                of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement User 
                Facility--
                            ``(i) to provide support to environmental 
                        scientists by collecting high-quality and well-
                        characterized in-situ and aircraft observations 
                        of--
                                    ``(I) the microphysical properties 
                                of clouds and atmospheric aerosols;
                                    ``(II) the coincident and highly 
                                detailed dynamical and thermodynamic 
                                properties of the atmospheric 
                                environment that contains those clouds 
                                and aerosols;
                                    ``(III) the properties of 
                                precipitation; and
                                    ``(IV) the properties of radiation 
                                and the background environment; and
                            ``(ii) to carry out laboratory studies and 
                        ground-based and airborne field campaigns to 
                        target specific atmospheric processes in 
                        different locations and across a range of 
                        environments, including by developing 
                        technologies to assist in advancing predictive 
                        capabilities.
    ``(h) Biological and Environmental Research User Facilities.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program 
        for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance 
        of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of 
        observational data related to complex biological, climate, and 
        environmental systems.
            ``(2) Selection.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall select user 
                facilities under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-
                reviewed basis.
                    ``(B) Applicants.--In selecting user facilities 
                under paragraph (1), the Director shall consider 
                applications from the National Laboratories, institutes 
                of higher education, multi-institutional 
                collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
            ``(3) Facility requirements.--To the maximum extent 
        practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, 
        operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include--
                    ``(A) distributed field research and observation 
                platforms for understanding earth system processes;
                    ``(B) analytical techniques, instruments, and 
                modeling resources, including high-throughput molecular 
                phenotyping, for understanding and predicting the 
                functional processes of biological and environmental 
                systems;
                    ``(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, 
                advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and 
                synthesis, metabolomics, and computational analysis; 
                and
                    ``(D) such other facilities as the Director 
                considers appropriate, consistent with section 209 of 
                the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
                7139).
            ``(4) Existing facilities.--In carrying out the program 
        established in paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to 
        evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to 
        the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of 
        those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.
            ``(5) Microbial molecular phenotyping capability project.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the creation of a high-throughput microbial molecular 
                phenotyping capability to accelerate discovery of new 
                protein functions and metabolic pathways in microbial 
                systems.
                    ``(B) Capabilities.--In carrying out subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary shall ensure the following 
                capabilities:
                            ``(i) Coupled high-throughput autonomous 
                        experimental and multimodal analytical 
                        capabilities.
                            ``(ii) Direct integration of automated 
                        multiomics analyses, biomolecular and cellular 
                        imaging, and functional biological assays with 
                        high-throughput microbial culturing and 
                        cultivation capabilities at timescales relevant 
                        to biological processes under natural and 
                        perturbed environmental conditions.
                    ``(C) Data coordination.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure 
                integration and coordination with existing data 
                platforms of the Department.
                    ``(D) Start of operations.--Subject to the 
                availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall 
                begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not later than 
                September 29, 2027.
                    ``(E) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k) for a fiscal year, 
                there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
                Secretary to carry out this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $550,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $29,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $32,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $30,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            ``(6) User facilities integration and collaboration 
        program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall support a 
                program of collaboration between user facilities to 
                encourage and enable researchers to more readily 
                integrate the tools, expertise, resources, and 
                capabilities of multiple Office of Science user 
                facilities (as described in subsection (d) of section 
                209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
                U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and advance emerging 
                technologies.
                    ``(B) Activities.--The program shall advance the 
                integration of automation, robotics, computational 
                biology, bioinformatics, biosensing, cellular platforms 
                and other relevant emerging technologies as determined 
                by the Director to enhance productivity and scientific 
                impact of user facilities.
            ``(7) Coordination.--In carrying out the program authorized 
        under paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office 
        of Science--
                    ``(A) consults and coordinates with the National 
                Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 
                Environmental Protection Agency, the National 
                Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of 
                Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and any 
                other relevant Federal agency on the collection, 
                validation, and analysis of atmospheric data; and
                    ``(B) coordinates with relevant stakeholders, 
                including institutes of higher education, nonprofit 
                research institutions, industry, State, local, and 
                tribal governments, and other appropriate entities to 
                ensure access to the best available relevant 
                atmospheric and historical weather data.
    ``(i) Coastal Zone Research Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a research 
        program, in consultation with the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies, 
        to enhance the understanding of coastal ecosystems. In carrying 
        out this program, the Director shall prioritize efforts to 
        enhance the collection of observational data, and shall develop 
        models to analyze the ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological, 
        physical, and human processes that interact in coastal zones.
            ``(2) Coastal data collection system.--The Director shall 
        establish, in consultation with the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, an 
        integrated system of geographically diverse field research 
        sites in order to improve the scientific understanding and 
        predictability of the major land water interfaces of the United 
        States, including--
                    ``(A) the Great Lakes region;
                    ``(B) the Pacific coast;
                    ``(C) the Atlantic coast;
                    ``(D) the Arctic;
                    ``(E) the Gulf coast; and
                    ``(F) the coasts of United States territories and 
                freely associated States.
            ``(3) Existing infrastructure.--In carrying out the 
        programs and establishing the field research sites under 
        paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing 
        research and development infrastructure supported by the 
        Department, including the Department's existing marine and 
        coastal research lab.
            ``(4) Coordination.--For the purposes of carrying out the 
        programs and establishing the field research sites under 
        paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary may enter into agreements 
        with Federal Departments and agencies with complementary 
        capabilities.
    ``(j) Engineered Ecosystems Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
        Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative 
        focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through the 
        application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing 
        capabilities, and other emerging technologies.
            ``(2) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate with the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological 
        Survey, the Secretary of Agriculture, and other relevant 
        officials to avoid duplication of research and observational 
        activities and to ensure that activities carried out under the 
        initiative established under paragraph (1) are complimentary to 
        activities being undertaken by other agencies.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future 
        Act of 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
        a report on the activity authorized under this subsection.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
            ``(1) $880,360,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $946,385,200 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $1,016,332,164 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $1,090,475,415 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $1,169,108,695 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (e) Bioenergy Research Centers.--Section 977 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317) is amended by striking subsection (f) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(f) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program under 
        section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and 
        Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall support 
        up to 6 bioenergy research centers, or make an equivalent 
        investment in other center-scale funding modalities, to conduct 
        fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, 
        biological imaging and analysis, and genomics, and to 
        accelerate advanced research and development of advanced 
        biofuels, bioenergy or biobased materials, chemicals, and 
        products that are produced from a variety of regionally diverse 
        feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of research 
        results to industry. The activities of the centers authorized 
        under this subsection may include--
                    ``(A) accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-
                relevant plants, microbes, and associated microbial 
                communities to enable high-impact, value-added 
                coproduct development at multiple points in the 
                bioenergy supply chain;
                    ``(B) developing the science and technological 
                advances to ensure process sustainability is considered 
                in the creation of advanced biofuels and bioproducts 
                from lignocellulosic biomass; and
                    ``(C) using the latest tools in genomics, molecular 
                biology, catalysis science, chemical engineering, 
                systems biology, and computational and robotics 
                technologies to sustainably produce and transform 
                biomass into advanced biofuels and bioproducts.
            ``(2) Selection and duration.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A center established under 
                paragraph (1) shall be selected on a competitive, 
                merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 
                years, subject to the availability of appropriations, 
                beginning on the date of establishment of that center.
                    ``(B) Applications.--The Director shall consider 
                applications from National Laboratories, multi-
                institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
                entities.
                    ``(C) Existing centers.--A center already in 
                existence on the date of enactment of the Department of 
                Energy Science for the Future Act of 2022 may continue 
                to receive support for a period of not more than 5 
                years beginning on the date of establishment of that 
                center.
                    ``(D) New centers.--At least 1 new center 
                established under paragraph (1) shall be led by an 
                institution of higher education (as defined in section 
                101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                1001)) that is located in an eligible jurisdiction (as 
                defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy 
                Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))).
            ``(3) Renewal.--After the end of the applicable period 
        described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew support for 
        a center for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit-
        reviewed basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after 
        its previous selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, 
        the Director may renew support for the center on a competitive, 
        merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, and 
        may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a merit-
        reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years.
            ``(4) Activities.--Centers shall undertake research 
        activities to accelerate the production of advanced biofuels 
        and bioproducts from biomass resources by identifying the most 
        suitable species of plants for use as energy crops; and 
        improving methods of breeding, propagation, planting, 
        producing, harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may 
        include the following:
                    ``(A) Research activities to increase 
                sustainability, including--
                            ``(i) advancing knowledge of how bioenergy 
                        crop interactions with biotic and abiotic 
                        environmental factors influence crop growth, 
                        yield, and quality;
                            ``(ii) identifying the most impactful 
                        research areas that address the economics of 
                        advanced biofuels and bioproducts production; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to 
                        advance predictive understanding of advanced 
                        biofuel cropping ecosystems.
                    ``(B) Research activities to further feedstock 
                development, including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous 
                wastes including carbon oxides and methane, and direct 
                air capture of single carbon gases via plants and 
                microbes, including--
                            ``(i) developing genetic and genomic tools, 
                        high-throughput analytical tools, and 
                        biosystems design approaches to enhance 
                        bioenergy feedstocks and their associated 
                        microbiomes;
                            ``(ii) conducting field testing of new 
                        potential bioenergy feedstock crops under 
                        environmentally benign and geographically 
                        diverse conditions to assess viability and 
                        robustness; and
                            ``(iii) developing quantitative models 
                        informed by experimentation to predict how 
                        bioenergy feedstocks perform under diverse 
                        conditions.
                    ``(C) Research activities to improve 
                lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation methods, 
                including--
                            ``(i) developing feedstock-agnostic 
                        deconstruction processes capable of efficiently 
                        fractionating biomass into targeted output 
                        streams;
                            ``(ii) gaining a detailed understanding of 
                        plant cell wall biosynthesis, composition, 
                        structure, and properties during 
                        deconstruction; and
                            ``(iii) improving enzymes and approaches 
                        for biomass breakdown and cellulose, 
                        hemicellulose, and lignin processing.
                    ``(D) Research activities to improve the feedstock 
                conversion process for advanced biofuels and 
                bioproducts, including--
                            ``(i) developing high-throughput methods to 
                        screen or select high-performance microbial 
                        strains and communities to improve product 
                        formation rates, yields, and selectivity;
                            ``(ii) establishing a broad set of platform 
                        microorganisms and microbial communities 
                        suitable for metabolic engineering to produce 
                        advanced biofuels and bioproducts and high-
                        throughput methods for experimental validation 
                        of gene function;
                            ``(iii) developing techniques to enhance 
                        microbial robustness for tolerating toxins to 
                        improve advanced biofuel and bioproduct yields 
                        and to gain a better understanding of the 
                        cellular and molecular bases of tolerance for 
                        major chemical classes of inhibitors found in 
                        these processes;
                            ``(iv) advancing technologies for the use 
                        of batch, continuous, and consolidated 
                        bioprocessing;
                            ``(v) identifying, creating, and optimizing 
                        microbial and chemical pathways to produce 
                        promising, atom-economical intermediates and 
                        final bioproducts from biomass with 
                        considerations given to environmentally benign 
                        processes;
                            ``(vi) developing high-throughput, real-
                        time, in situ analytical techniques to 
                        understand and characterize the pre- and post-
                        bioproduct separation streams in detail;
                            ``(vii) creating methodologies for 
                        efficiently identifying viable target 
                        molecules, identifying high-value bioproducts 
                        in existing biomass streams, and utilizing 
                        current byproduct streams;
                            ``(viii) identifying and improving plant 
                        feedstocks with enhanced extractable levels of 
                        desired bioproducts or bioproduct precursors, 
                        including lignin streams; and
                            ``(ix) developing integrated biological and 
                        chemical catalytic approaches to valorize and 
                        produce a diverse portfolio of advanced 
                        biofuels and bioproducts.
            ``(5) Industry partnerships.--Centers shall establish 
        industry partnerships to translate research results to 
        commercial applications.
            ``(6) Coordination.--In coordination with the Bioenergy 
        Technologies Office of the Department, the Secretary shall 
        support interdisciplinary research activities to improve the 
        capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and 
        affordability, of the production and use of advanced biofuels 
        and bioproducts, as well as activities to enable positive 
        impacts and avoid the potential negative impacts that the 
        production and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts may 
        have on ecosystems, people, and historically marginalized 
        communities.
            ``(7) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (k) of section 306 of the Department of Energy 
        Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) for a fiscal 
        year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
        to carry out this subsection $30,000,000 per center established 
        under paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
            ``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Advanced biofuel.--The term `advanced 
                biofuel' has the meaning given the term in section 9001 
                of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
                (7 U.S.C. 8101).
                    ``(B) Bioenergy.--The term `bioenergy' means energy 
                derived from biofuels.
                    ``(C) Biomass.--The term `biomass' has the meaning 
                given the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy 
                Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852(b)).
                    ``(D) Bioproduct.--The term `bioproduct' has the 
                meaning given the term `biobased product' in section 
                9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
                2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).''.

SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    (a) Advanced Scientific Computing Research.--Section 304 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as 
        subsections (b) through (d), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, 
        the following:
    ``(a) In General.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139), the Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and 
relevant public and private sector entities, a research, development, 
and demonstration program--
            ``(1) to steward applied mathematics, computational 
        science, and computer science research relevant to the missions 
        of the Department and the competitiveness of the United States;
            ``(2) to develop modeling, simulation, and other 
        computational tools relevant to other scientific disciplines 
        and to the development of new energy technologies and other 
        technologies;
            ``(3) to advance computing and networking capabilities for 
        data-driven discovery; and
            ``(4) to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and 
        software tools for science and engineering.'';
            (3) in subsection (c), as so redesignated--
                    (A) by striking ``The Director'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) Director.--The Director''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Coordination.--The Under Secretary for Science shall 
        ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, 
        including activities under this section, to determine and meet 
        the computational and networking research and facility needs of 
        the Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology 
        and energy efficiency programs within the Department and with 
        other Federal agencies as appropriate.'';
            (4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read 
        as follows:
    ``(d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-End 
Computing Systems and Computer Sciences Research.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities 
        to develop, test, and support--
                    ``(A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for 
                modeling complex systems relevant to the missions of 
                the Department, including on advanced computing 
                architectures; and
                    ``(B) tools, languages, programming environments, 
                and operations for high-end computing systems (as 
                defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing 
                Leadership Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541)).
            ``(2) Portfolio balance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall maintain a 
                balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific 
                computing research and development program established 
                under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
                U.S.C. 16316) that supports robust investment in--
                            ``(i) applied mathematical, computational, 
                        and computer sciences research needs relevant 
                        to the mission of the Department, including 
                        foundational areas that are critical to the 
                        advancement of energy sciences and technologies 
                        and new and emerging computing technologies; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) associated high-performance 
                        computing hardware and facilities.
                    ``(B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment.--
                            ``(i) Sense of congress.--It is the sense 
                        of Congress that the Exascale Computing Project 
                        has successfully created a broad ecosystem that 
                        provides shared software packages, novel 
                        evaluation systems, and applications relevant 
                        to the science and engineering requirements of 
                        the Department, and that such products must be 
                        maintained and improved in order that the full 
                        potential of the deployed systems can be 
                        continuously realized.
                            ``(ii) Sustainment.--The Secretary shall 
                        seek to sustain and evolve the ecosystem 
                        described in clause (i) to ensure that the 
                        exascale software stack and other research 
                        software will continue to be maintained, 
                        hardened, and otherwise optimized for long-term 
                        use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable 
                        availability to the user community.''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Advanced Computing Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program 
        to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing 
        systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In 
        establishing this program, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) maintain foundational research programs in 
                mathematical, computational, and computer sciences 
                focused on new and emerging computing needs within the 
                mission of the Department, including post-Moore's law 
                computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling 
                and simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific 
                machine learning, quantum computing, edge computing, 
                extreme heterogeneity, including potential quantum 
                accelerators, and distributed high-performance 
                computing;
                    ``(B) retain best practices and maintain support 
                for essential hardware, applications, and software 
                elements of the Exascale Computing Program that are 
                necessary for sustaining the vitality of a long-term 
                capable software ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and
                    ``(C) develop a Department-wide strategy for 
                balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing and 
                scientific data management.
            ``(2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future 
        Act of 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
        a report on the development and implementation of the strategy 
        described in paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Guidance on Mitigation of Bias in High-Performance Computing 
Capabilities.--In leveraging high-performance computing systems for 
research purposes, including through the use of machine learning 
algorithms for data analysis and artificial intelligence, the Secretary 
shall issue guidance for the Department, the National Laboratories, and 
users as to how those capabilities should be employed in a manner that 
mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids harmful 
algorithmic bias.
    ``(g) Architectural Research in Heterogeneous Computing Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program 
        of research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable 
        computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for 
        heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver 
        high-performance, high-efficiency computing for Department 
        mission challenges. That program shall include research and 
        development that explores the convergence of big data 
        analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to drive 
        the design of heterogenous computing system architectures.
            ``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program described 
        in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure coordination 
        between research activities undertaken by the Advanced 
        Scientific Computing Research program and materials research 
        supported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within the 
        Office of Science.
    ``(h) Energy Efficient Computing Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support a program of 
        fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy 
        efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to 
        advanced computing applications, including high-performance 
        computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine 
        learning.
            ``(2) Execution.--
                    ``(A) Program.--In carrying out the program under 
                paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) establish a partnership for National 
                        Laboratories, industry partners, and 
                        institutions of higher education for codesign 
                        of energy efficient hardware, technology, 
                        software, and applications across all 
                        applicable program offices of the Department, 
                        and provide access to energy efficient 
                        computing resources to such partners;
                            ``(ii) develop hardware and software 
                        technologies that decrease the energy needs of 
                        advanced computing practices, including through 
                        data center codesign;
                            ``(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
                        computing architectures in collaboration with 
                        the program established under subsection (g), 
                        including neuromorphic computing, persistent 
                        computing, and ultrafast networking; and
                            ``(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for 
                        researchers from institutions of higher 
                        education, National Laboratories, industry, and 
                        other Federal agencies to the energy efficient 
                        computing technologies developed pursuant to 
                        clause (i).
                    ``(B) Selection of partners.--In selecting 
                participants for the partnership established under 
                subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select 
                participants through a competitive, merit review 
                process.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for 
                the Future Act of 2022, the Secretary shall submit to 
                the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
                and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on--
                            ``(i) the activities conducted under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) the coordination and management of 
                        the program under subparagraph (A) to ensure an 
                        integrated research program across the 
                        Department.
    ``(i) Energy Sciences Network.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for upgrades 
        to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet 
        the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data 
        transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-
        scale science.
            ``(2) Capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
                    ``(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
                networking across the continental United States and the 
                Atlantic Ocean.
                    ``(B) To ensure network reliability.
                    ``(C) To protect the network infrastructure from 
                cyberattacks.
                    ``(D) To manage transport of exponentially 
                increasing levels of data from the Department's 
                National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, 
                experiments, and sensors.
                    ``(E) To contribute to the integration of 
                heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems.
    ``(j) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support the 
        Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to 
        facilitate collaboration between graduate students and 
        researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the 
        development of a diverse and inclusive computational workforce 
        to help advance research in all areas of computational science 
        relevant to the mission of the Department, including quantum 
        computing.
            ``(2) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, there 
        are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying 
        out activities under this subsection--
                    ``(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
            ``(1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) Quantum Science Network.--
            (1) Definitions.--Section 2 of the National Quantum 
        Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph 
                (8); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
            ``(7) Quantum network infrastructure.--The term `quantum 
        network infrastructure' means any facility, expertise, or 
        capability that is necessary to enable the development and 
        deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network 
        technologies.''.
            (2) Department of energy quantum network infrastructure 
        research and development program.--
                    (A) In general.--Title IV of the National Quantum 
                Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by 
                adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE 
              RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall carry out a research, development, 
and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network 
infrastructure in order to--
            ``(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum 
        computing systems through the internet and intranet;
            ``(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific 
        phenomena and physical imaging technologies;
            ``(3) develop secure national quantum communications 
        technologies and strategies;
            ``(4) demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the 
        Department of Energy's Energy Sciences Network User Facility; 
        and
            ``(5) advance the relevant domestic supply chains and 
        manufacturing capabilities of the United States.
    ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with--
                    ``(A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                    ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                    ``(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum 
                Information Science of the National Science and 
                Technology Council established under section 103(a); 
                and
                    ``(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic 
                and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
            ``(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other 
        research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure 
        methods and technologies, including--
                    ``(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss 
                optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and 
                classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;
                    ``(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state 
                sources and transmission, control, and measurement of 
                quantum states;
                    ``(C) quantum interconnects that allow short range 
                local connections between quantum processors;
                    ``(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals 
                between optical wavelength regimes, including 
                telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-
                relevant domains, including microwaves;
                    ``(E) development of quantum memory buffers and 
                small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with 
                photon-based quantum bits in the optical or 
                telecommunications wavelengths;
                    ``(F) long-range entanglement distribution, 
                allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- 
                and large-scale quantum processors, at the terrestrial 
                and space-based level using quantum repeaters and 
                optical or laser communications;
                    ``(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and 
                related technologies necessary to create secure long-
                distance quantum communication; and
                    ``(H) integration of systems across the quantum 
                technology stack into traditional computing networks, 
                including the development of remote controlled, high-
                performance, and reliable implementations of key 
                quantum network components by leveraging the expertise, 
                infrastructure and supplemental investments at the 
                National Laboratories in the Energy Sciences Network 
                User Facility;
            ``(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development 
        Consortium and other organizations, as applicable, to 
        transition component technologies to help facilitate as 
        appropriate the development of a quantum supply chain for 
        quantum network technologies;
            ``(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific 
        computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material science 
        to enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 
        materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to 
        quantum network infrastructure;
            ``(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
        collaboration with the Energy Sciences Network User Facility 
        necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental research and 
        development activities with diverse stakeholders from industry, 
        National Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; 
        and
            ``(6) consider quantum network infrastructure applications 
        that span the Department of Energy's missions in energy, 
        environment, and national security.
    ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the 
Department of Energy and from--
            ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
            ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
            ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
            ``(5) the National Laboratories;
            ``(6) industry stakeholders;
            ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
            ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
    ``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act of 
2022, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that 
identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum 
network infrastructure.
    ``(e) Standard of Review.--The Secretary shall review activities 
carried out under this section to determine the achievement of 
technical milestones.
    ``(f) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

``SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND 
              TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall establish and carry out a program, to 
be known as the `Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology 
program' or `QUEST program', to encourage and facilitate access to 
United States quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds 
for research purposes--
            ``(1) to enhance the United States quantum research 
        enterprise;
            ``(2) to educate the future quantum computing workforce;
            ``(3) to accelerate the advancement of United States 
        quantum computing capabilities; and
            ``(4) to advance the relevant domestic supply chains and 
        manufacturing processes of the United States.
    ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with--
                    ``(A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                    ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                    ``(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum 
                Information Science of the National Science and 
                Technology Council established under section 103(a); 
                and
                    ``(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic 
                and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
            ``(2) provide researchers based within the United States 
        with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing 
        resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;
            ``(3) consider applications from the National Laboratories, 
        multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher 
        education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that 
        the Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national 
        leadership on quantum computing related issues;
            ``(4) consult and coordinate with private sector 
        stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners on 
        program development and best management practices; and
            ``(5) balance user access to commercial prototypes 
        available for use for a broad class of applications and Federal 
        research prototypes that enable benchmarking a wider variety of 
        early-stage devices.
    ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy 
and from--
            ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
            ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
            ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
            ``(5) the National Laboratories;
            ``(6) industry stakeholders;
            ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
            ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
    ``(d) Security.--In carrying out the activities authorized by this 
section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the 
National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are 
in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
    ``(e) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
section--
            ``(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
                    (B) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in 
                section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
                (Public Law 115-368; 132 Stat. 5092) is amended by 
                inserting after the item relating to section 402 the 
                following:

``Sec. 403. Department of Energy quantum network infrastructure 
                            research and development program.
``Sec. 404. Department of Energy quantum user expansion for science and 
                            technology program.''.

SEC. 6. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH.

    (a) Fusion Energy Research.--Section 307 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by redesignating 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), 
                respectively, and indenting appropriately;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately;
                    (C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``As part of'' and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(1) In general.--As part of''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection (q), there is 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
        activities described in paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2022 through 2026.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(3)--
                    (A) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(q)'';
                    (B) by striking ``subsection (d)'' and inserting 
                ``this subsection''; and
                    (C) by striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2026'';
            (3) in subsection (e)(4)--
                    (A) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(q)'';
                    (B) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting 
                ``this subsection''; and
                    (C) by striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2026'';
            (4) in subsection (i)(10)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting 
                        ``(q)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (i)'' and 
                        inserting ``this subsection'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.'';
            (5) by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (q);
            (6) by inserting after subsection (n) the following:
    ``(o) Material Plasma Exposure Experiment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall construct a Material 
        Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 
        publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
        Committee entitled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. 
        The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, 
        institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and 
        relevant Federal agencies to ensure that the facility is 
        capable of meeting Federal research needs for steady state, 
        high-heat-flux, and plasma-material interaction testing of 
        fusion materials over a range of fusion energy relevant 
        parameters.
            ``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide the 
        following capabilities:
                    ``(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla.
                    ``(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m\2\.
                    ``(C) The ability to expose previously irradiated 
                plasma facing material samples to plasma.
            ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) 
        occurs before December 31, 2027.
            ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Fusion Energy 
        Sciences to complete construction of the facility described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $13,400,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $12,600,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    ``(D) $400,000 for fiscal year 2025.
    ``(p) Matter in Extreme Conditions Instrument Upgrade.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the 
        Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020 
        publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
        Committee entitled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. 
        The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, 
        institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and 
        relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this facility is 
        capable of meeting Federal research needs for understanding 
        physical and chemical changes to plasmas at fundamental 
        timescales, and explore new regimes of dense material physics, 
        astrophysics, planetary physics, and short-pulse laser-plasma 
        interactions.
            ``(2) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) 
        occurs before December 31, 2028.''; and
            (7) in subsection (q) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) ITER Construction.--Section 972(c)(3) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312(c)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 7. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM.

    (a) Program.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as 
        subsections (d) through (f), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle 
physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the 
understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, including 
constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time.
    ``(c) High Energy Frontier Research.--As part of the program 
described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry out research 
using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, including 
accelerators and detectors that will function as national user 
facilities, to create and study interactions of elementary particles 
and investigate fundamental forces.''.
    (b) International Collaboration.--Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended by 
striking subsection (d) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1)) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(d) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
            ``(1) as practicable and in coordination with other 
        appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of 
        United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator 
        facilities and research capabilities in the world, including 
        the Large Hadron Collider;
            ``(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to 
        leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron 
        Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships 
        and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep 
        Underground Neutrino Experiment; and
            ``(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize 
        engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future 
        international facilities that would provide access to the most 
        advanced accelerator facilities in the world to United States 
        researchers.''.
    (c) Cosmic Frontier Research.--Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended by 
striking subsection (f) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1)) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(f) Cosmic Frontier Research.--The Director shall carry out 
research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the 
universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These 
activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with 
the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory 
Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include--
            ``(1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, or 
        international partners on relevant projects; and
            ``(2) the development of space-based, land-based, water-
        based, and underground facilities and experiments.''.
    (d) Further Activities.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) (as amended by subsection 
(c)), is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Facility Construction and Major Items of Equipment.--
            ``(1) Projects.--Consistent with the Office of Science's 
        project management practices, the Director shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, by incorporating the findings and 
        recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project 
        Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled `Building for 
        Discovery', support construction or fabrication of--
                    ``(A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino 
                Facility based in the United States;
                    ``(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II;
                    ``(C) Second Generation Dark Matter experiments;
                    ``(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera;
                    ``(E) upgrades to detectors and other components of 
                the Large Hadron Collider;
                    ``(F) the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 
                project; and
                    ``(G) other high priority projects recommended in 
                the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 
                Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics 
                Advisory Panel.
            ``(2) Long-baseline neutrino facility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to 
                facilitate the international Deep Underground Neutrino 
                Experiment to examine the fundamental properties of 
                neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, 
                and better clarify the existence and nature of 
                antimatter.
                    ``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
                will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
                            ``(i) A neutrino beam with wideband 
                        capability of 1.2 megawatts of beam power and 
                        upgradable to 2.4 megawatts of beam power.
                            ``(ii) 3 caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton 
                        fiducial detector mass and supporting surface 
                        buildings and utilities.
                            ``(iii) Cryogenic systems to support 
                        neutrino detectors.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility 
                described in subparagraph (A) occurs before December 
                31, 2031.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the project described in subparagraph 
                (A)--
                            ``(i) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            ``(3) Proton improvement plan ii accelerator upgrade 
        project.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of the Proton Improvement Plan II, an 
                upgrade to the Fermilab accelerator complex identified 
                in the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
                Panel (P5) report entitled `Building for Discovery', to 
                provide the world's most intense beam of neutrinos to 
                the international Long Baseline Neutrino Facility and 
                to carry out a broad range of future high energy 
                physics experiments. The Secretary shall work with 
                international partners to enable further significant 
                contributions to the capabilities of that project.
                    ``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
                will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
                            ``(i) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron 
                        volt superconducting linear accelerator.
                            ``(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 megawatts 
                        at the start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 
                        megawatts of beam power.
                            ``(iii) A flexible design to enable high 
                        power beam delivery to multiple users 
                        simultaneously and customized beams tailored to 
                        specific scientific needs.
                            ``(iv) Sustained high reliability operation 
                        of the Fermilab accelerator complex.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility 
                described in subparagraph (A) occurs before December 
                31, 2028.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility described in subparagraph 
                (A)--
                            ``(i) $191,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            ``(4) Cosmic microwave background stage 4.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, in partnership 
                with the Director of the National Science Foundation, 
                shall support construction of the Cosmic Microwave 
                Background Stage 4 project to survey the cosmic 
                microwave background to test theories of cosmic 
                inflation as described in the 2014 Particle Physics 
                Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled `Building for 
                Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in 
                the Global Context.'.
                    ``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult 
                with the private sector, institutions of higher 
                education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal 
                agencies to ensure that the project described in 
                subparagraph (A) is capable of meeting Federal research 
                needs in accessing the ultra-high energy physics of 
                inflation and important neutrino properties.
                    ``(C) Experimental capabilities.--The Secretary 
                shall ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the 
                facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at 
                a minimum, 500,000 superconducting detectors deployed 
                on an array of millimeter-wave telescopes with the 
                required range in frequency, sensitivity, and survey 
                speed that will provide sufficient capability to enable 
                an order of magnitude advance in observations of the 
                Cosmic Microwave Background, delivering transformative 
                discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and 
                astrophysics.
                    ``(D) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility 
                described in subparagraph (A) occurs before December 
                31, 2030.
                    ``(E) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility described in subparagraph 
                (A)--
                            ``(i) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
    ``(h) Accelerator and Detector Upgrades.--The Director shall 
upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and 
appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and 
improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle 
physics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the 
Director shall continue to work with international partners, when 
appropriate and in the United States interest, to leverage investments 
and expertise in critical technologies to help build and upgrade 
accelerator and detector facilities in the United States.
    ``(i) Accelerator and Detector Research and Development.--As part 
of the program described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry 
out research and development in particle beam physics, accelerator 
science and technology, and particle and radiation detection with 
relevance to the specific needs of the High Energy Physics program, in 
coordination with the Accelerator Research and Development program 
authorized under section 310.
    ``(j) Underground Science.--The Director shall--
            ``(1) support an underground science program consistent 
        with the missions of the Department and the scientific needs of 
        the High Energy Physics program, including those articulated in 
        the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 
        Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 
        that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science 
        and engineering facilities;
            ``(2) carry out a competitive grant program to award 
        scientists and engineers at institutions of higher education, 
        nonprofit institutions, and National Laboratories to conduct 
        research in underground science and engineering; and
            ``(3) submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 
        and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the 
        inventory of underground mines in the United States that may be 
        suitable for future development of underground science and 
        engineering facilities.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
            ``(1) $1,355,690,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $1,517,628,300 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $1,652,112,281 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $1,711,460,141 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $1,656,012,351 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 8. NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROGRAM.

    Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(Public Law 115-246; 132 Stat. 3150) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 308. NUCLEAR PHYSICS.

    ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program, and support relevant 
facilities, to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter.
    ``(b) User Facilities.--
            ``(1) Facility for rare isotope beams.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to 
                advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and 
                the evolution of the cosmos.
                    ``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (c), there is authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this paragraph 
                $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this paragraph occurs before March 1, 2022.
            ``(2) Electron-ion collider.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support 
                construction of an Electron Ion Collider as described 
                in the 2015 Long Range Plan of the Nuclear Science 
                Advisory Committee and the report from the National 
                Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine 
                entitled `An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion 
                Collider Science', in order to measure the internal 
                structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer 
                fundamental questions about the nature of visible 
                matter.
                    ``(B) Facility capability.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
                meets the requirements in the 2015 Long Range Plan 
                described in that subparagraph, including--
                            ``(i) at least 70 percent polarized beams 
                        of electrons and light ions;
                            ``(ii) ion beams from deuterium to the 
                        heaviest stable nuclei;
                            ``(iii) variable center of mass energy from 
                        20 to 140 GeV;
                            ``(iv) high collision luminosity of 
                        10<SUP>33-34</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>;
                         and
                            ``(v) the possibility of more than 1 
                        interaction region.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, 
                subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure 
                that the start of full operations of the facility under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under subsection (c), there are authorized 
                to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
                construction of the facility under this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $101,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
            ``(1) $780,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $879,390,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $1,025,097,300 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $1,129,354,111 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $1,192,408,899 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 9. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.

    Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Approach.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), 
the Director shall use all available approaches and mechanisms, as the 
Secretary determines to be appropriate, including--
            ``(1) capital line items;
            ``(2) minor construction projects;
            ``(3) energy savings performance contracts;
            ``(4) utility energy service contracts;
            ``(5) alternative financing; and
            ``(6) expense funding.
    ``(d) Restoration and Modernization Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall fund projects 
        described in paragraph (2) as needed to address the deferred 
        maintenance, critical infrastructure needs, and modernization 
        of Office of Science National Laboratories.
            ``(2) Projects described.--The projects referred to in 
        paragraph (1) are, as determined by the Secretary--
                    ``(A) priority deferred maintenance projects at 
                Office of Science National Laboratories, including 
                facilities sustainment for, upgrade of, and 
                construction of research laboratories, administrative 
                and support buildings, utilities, roads, power plants, 
                and any other critical infrastructure; and
                    ``(B) lab modernization projects at Office of 
                Science National Laboratories, including projects 
                relating to core infrastructure needed--
                            ``(i) to support existing and emerging 
                        science missions with new and specialized 
                        requirements for world-leading scientific user 
                        facilities and computing capabilities; and
                            ``(ii) to maintain safe, efficient, 
                        reliable, and environmentally responsible 
                        operations, including pilot projects to 
                        demonstrate net zero emissions with resilient 
                        operations.
    ``(e) Submission to Congress.--For each fiscal year through fiscal 
year 2026, at the same time as the annual budget submission of the 
President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a list 
of projects for which the Secretary will provide funding under this 
section, including a description of each project and the funding 
profile for the project.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section $600,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2026.''.

SEC. 10. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 310. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program--
            ``(1) to advance accelerator science and technology 
        relevant to the Department, other Federal agencies, and United 
        States industry;
            ``(2) to foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and 
        enable the commercial application of accelerator technologies;
            ``(3) to support the development of a skilled, diverse, and 
        inclusive accelerator workforce; and
            ``(4) to provide access to accelerator design and 
        engineering resources.
    ``(b) Accelerator Research.--In carrying out the program authorized 
under subsection (a), the Director shall support--
            ``(1) research activities in cross-cutting accelerator 
        technologies including superconducting magnets and 
        accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator 
        controls, simulation software, new particle sources, advanced 
        laser technology, and transformative research; and
            ``(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility.
    ``(c) Accelerator Development.--In carrying out the program 
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support 
partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and commercial 
application of accelerator technologies, including advanced 
superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high 
efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.
    ``(d) Research Collaborations.--In developing accelerator 
technologies under the program authorized under subsection (a), the 
Director shall--
            ``(1) consider the requirements necessary to support 
        translational research and development for medical, industrial, 
        security, and defense applications; and
            ``(2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies and 
        fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with 
        institutions of higher education, industry, and other Federal 
        agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced 
        accelerator technologies.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
            ``(1) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $25,680,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $27,477,600 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $29,401,032 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $31,459,104 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 11. ISOTOPE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION.

    (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 310 
(as added by section 10) the following:

``SEC. 311. ISOTOPE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION.

    ``(a) Definition of Critical Radioactive and Stable Isotope.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `critical 
        radioactive and stable isotope' means a radioactive and stable 
        isotope--
                    ``(A) the domestic commercial production of which 
                is unavailable or inadequate to satisfy the demand of 
                research, medical, industrial, or related industries in 
                the United States; and
                    ``(B) the supply of which is augmented through--
                            ``(i) Department production; or
                            ``(ii) foreign suppliers.
            ``(2) Exclusion.--In this section, the term `critical 
        radioactive and stable isotope' does not include the medical 
        isotope molybdenum-99, the production and supply of which is 
        addressed in the American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 
        2012 (Public Law 112-239; 126 Stat. 2211) (including the 
        amendments made by that Act).
    ``(b) Program.--The Director shall--
            ``(1) carry out, in coordination with other relevant 
        programs across the Department, a program--
                    ``(A) for the production of critical radioactive 
                and stable isotopes, including the development of 
                techniques to produce isotopes, that the Secretary 
                determines are needed and of sufficient quality for 
                research, medical, industrial, or related purposes;
                    ``(B) for the production of critical radioactive 
                and stable isotopes that are in short supply, including 
                byproducts, surplus materials, and related isotope 
                services;
                    ``(C) to maintain and enhance the infrastructure 
                required to produce and supply critical radioactive and 
                stable isotope products and related services;
                    ``(D) to conduct research and development on new 
                and improved isotope production and processing 
                techniques that can make critical radioactive and 
                stable isotopes available for research and application 
                while assisting in workforce development;
                    ``(E) to reduce domestic dependency on the foreign 
                supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes to 
                ensure national preparedness; and
                    ``(F)(i) to the maximum extent practicable, in 
                accordance with--
                            ``(I) evidence-based reports, including the 
                        2015 report of the Nuclear Science Advisory 
                        Committee entitled `Meeting Isotope Needs and 
                        Capturing Opportunities for the Future'; and
                            ``(II) assessments of isotope supply 
                        chains, including current and future 
                        assessments; or
                    ``(ii) as the Director otherwise determines 
                necessary to ensure the availability of sufficient 
                quantities of critical radioactive and stable isotopes 
                to address existing and future needs;
            ``(2) ensure that isotope production activities carried out 
        under this subsection are consistent with the statement of 
        policy entitled `Policies and Procedures for Transfer of 
        Commercial Radioisotope Production and Distribution to Private 
        Industry' (30 Fed. Reg. 3247 (March 9, 1965));
            ``(3) assess the domestic requirements of current and 
        emerging critical radioactive and stable isotopes and 
        associated applications to identify areas that may require 
        Federal investment for the development of domestic production 
        capacity for those isotopes, including through public-private 
        partnerships, as appropriate;
            ``(4) ensure that isotope production activities are 
        consistent with the needs of associated end-users, are of the 
        quality needed by the end-users, and appropriately address the 
        growing need for novel isotopes;
            ``(5) ensure that actions taken by the Department do not 
        interfere with, delay, or otherwise adversely affect efforts by 
        the private sector to make available or otherwise facilitate 
        the supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes, 
        including efforts under existing agreements between the 
        Department or contractors of the Department and the private 
        sector; and
            ``(6) in coordination with the Assistant Secretary for 
        Nuclear Energy, assess options for demonstrating the production 
        of critical radioactive and stable isotopes in commercial 
        nuclear reactors.
    ``(c) Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish an 
        advisory committee (referred to in this subsection as the 
        `committee') in alignment with the Isotope Program of the 
        Department--
                    ``(A) to carry out the activities previously 
                executed as part of the Isotope Subcommittee of the 
                Nuclear Science Advisory Committee; and
                    ``(B) to provide expert advice and assistance to 
                the Director in carrying out subsection (a).
            ``(2) Report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                committee is established, the committee shall--
                            ``(i) update the 2015 Nuclear Science 
                        Advisory Committee Isotope Committee Report 
                        entitled `Meeting Isotope Needs and Capturing 
                        Opportunities for the Future'; and
                            ``(ii) periodically update that report 
                        thereafter as needed.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--An updated report under 
                subparagraph (A) shall include an assessment of--
                            ``(i) current demand in the United States 
                        for critical radioactive and stable isotopes;
                            ``(ii) the impact of continued reliance on 
                        foreign supply of critical radioactive and 
                        stable isotopes;
                            ``(iii) proposed mitigation strategies, 
                        including increasing domestic production 
                        sources for critical radioactive and stable 
                        isotopes, that--
                                    ``(I) are not commercially 
                                available; or
                                    ``(II) are commercially produced in 
                                quantities that are not sufficient--
                                            ``(aa) to satisfy domestic 
                                        demand; and
                                            ``(bb) to minimize 
                                        production constraints and 
                                        supply disruptions to the 
                                        United States healthcare and 
                                        industrial isotope industries;
                            ``(iv) current facilities, including 
                        upgrades to those facilities, and new 
                        facilities needed to meet domestic critical 
                        isotope needs; and
                            ``(v) workforce development needs.
            ``(3) Nonduplication.--The committee shall work in 
        alignment with, and shall not duplicate the efforts of, 
        preexisting advisory committees that are advising the Isotope 
        Program of the Department.
            ``(4) FACA.--The committee shall be subject to the Federal 
        Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).
    ``(d) Report.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than the end of the first 
        fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this 
        section, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit 
        to the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and 
        Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report 
        describing the progress made under the program established 
        under subsection (a) during the preceding 2 fiscal years.
            ``(2) Inclusions.--Each report under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) an updated assessment of any critical 
                radioactive and stable isotope shortages in the United 
                States;
                    ``(B) a description of--
                            ``(i) any disruptions in the international 
                        supply of critical radioactive and stable 
                        isotopes during the preceding 2 fiscal years; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the impact of those disruptions on 
                        related activities; and
                    ``(C)(i) a projection of anticipated disruptions in 
                the international supply, or supply constraints, of 
                critical radioactive and stable isotopes during the 
                next 2 fiscal years; and
                    ``(ii) the anticipated impact of those disruptions 
                or constraints, as applicable, on related domestic 
                activities.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
section--
            ``(1) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $96,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $103,041,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $110,253,870 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $117,971,641 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) Demonstration of Isotope Production.--Section 952(a) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16272(a)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4) and 
        moving the paragraph so as to appear after paragraph (3); and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Isotope demonstration subprogram.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, acting through 
                the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, shall 
                establish a subprogram of the program established under 
                paragraph (1), to be known as the `isotope 
                demonstration subprogram', to support the development 
                and commercial demonstration of critical radioactive 
                and stable isotope production in existing commercial 
                nuclear power plants.
                    ``(B) Consultation.--In considering options for 
                demonstrating the production of critical radioactive 
                and stable isotopes in commercial nuclear reactors 
                under the subprogram established under subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary, acting through the Assistant 
                Secretary for Nuclear Energy, shall consult with the 
                Director of the Office of Science.
                    ``(C) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition 
                to any amounts made available to the Secretary under 
                paragraph (4), there are authorized to be appropriated 
                to the Secretary for each fiscal year described in that 
                paragraph such sums as are necessary to carry out not 
                more than 3 demonstration projects under the subprogram 
                established under subparagraph (A).''.
    (c) Radioisotope Processing Facility.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in 
        this subsection as ``the Secretary'') shall construct a 
        radioisotope processing facility to provide for the growing 
        radiochemical processing capability needs associated with the 
        production of critical radioactive isotopes authorized under 
        section 311 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
        Act.
            (2) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
        subsection $375,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.
    (d) Stable Isotope Production and Research Center.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in 
        this subsection as ``the Secretary'') shall establish a stable 
        isotope production and research center--
                    (A) to expand the ability of the United States to 
                perform multiple stable isotope production campaigns at 
                large-scale production, as authorized under section 311 
                of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
                Act;
                    (B) to mitigate the dependence of the United States 
                on foreign-produced stable isotopes; and
                    (C) to promote economic resilience.
            (2) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
        subsection $250,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2026.

SEC. 12. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

    (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 311 
(as added by section 11), the following:

``SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

    ``The Director shall support the development of a scientific 
workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration between and 
among teachers at elementary schools and secondary schools, students at 
institutions of higher education, early-career researchers, faculty at 
institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories, 
including through the use of proven techniques to expand the number of 
individuals from underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills 
or undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the mission of the 
Office of Science.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 3169 of the 
Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 
7381e) is amended by striking ``fiscal year 1991'' and inserting ``each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2026''.
    (c) Broadening Participation in Workforce Development for Teachers 
and Scientists.--
            (1) In general.--The Department of Energy Science Education 
        Enhancement Act is amended by inserting after section 3167 (42 
        U.S.C. 7381c-1) the following:

``SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) expand opportunities to increase the number of highly 
        skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 
        (STEM) professionals working in disciplines relevant to the 
        mission of the Department; and
            ``(2) broaden the recruitment pool to increase 
        participation from Historically Black Colleges or Universities 
        (as defined in section 3167B(f)), Hispanic-serving institutions 
        (as defined in that section), Tribal Colleges or Universities 
        (as defined in that section), minority-serving institutions (as 
        defined in that section), institutions in eligible 
        jurisdictions (as defined in that section), emerging research 
        institutions, community colleges, and scientific societies in 
        those disciplines.
    ``(b) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act of 2022, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Energy 
and Natural Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and make available to the public a plan for broadening 
participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics in programs supported by the Department, 
including--
            ``(1) a plan for supporting relevant Federal research award 
        grantees and leveraging partnerships, including partnerships 
        maintained by other Federal research agencies;
            ``(2) metrics for assessing the participation of 
        underrepresented groups in programs supported by the 
        Department;
            ``(3) experienced and potential barriers to broadening 
        participation of underrepresented groups in programs supported 
        by the Department, including recommended solutions; and
            ``(4) any other activities the Secretary determines 
        appropriate.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts authorized 
to be appropriated under section 3169, not less than $2,000,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated each fiscal year for the activities 
described in this section.

``SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGHLY SKILLED SCIENCE, 
              TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) 
              PROFESSIONALS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) expand opportunities for highly skilled science, 
        technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals 
        working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the 
        Department; and
            ``(2) broaden the recruitment pool to increase 
        participation from Historically Black Colleges or Universities, 
        Hispanic serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, 
        minority-serving institutions, institutions in eligible 
        jurisdictions, emerging research institutions, community 
        colleges, and scientific societies in those disciplines.
    ``(b) Plan and Outreach Strategy.--
            ``(1) Plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of the Department of Energy 
                Science for the Future Act of 2022, the Secretary shall 
                submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
                a 10-year educational plan to fund and expand new or 
                existing programs administered by the Office of Science 
                and sited at the National Laboratories and Department 
                user facilities to expand educational and workforce 
                opportunities for underrepresented individuals, 
                including--
                            ``(i) high school, undergraduate, and 
                        graduate students; and
                            ``(ii) recent graduates, teachers, and 
                        faculty in STEM fields.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The plan under subparagraph (A) 
                may include paid internships, fellowships, temporary 
                employment, training programs, visiting student and 
                faculty programs, sabbaticals, and research support.
            ``(2) Outreach capacity.--The Secretary shall include in 
        the plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to improve 
        the advertising, recruitment, and promotion of educational and 
        workforce programs to community colleges, Historically Black 
        Colleges or Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal 
        Colleges or Universities, minority-serving institutions, 
        institutions in eligible jurisdictions, and emerging research 
        institutions.
    ``(c) Building Research Capacity.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop programs 
        that strengthen the research capacity relevant to Office of 
        Science disciplines at emerging research institutions, 
        including minority-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or 
        Universities, Historically Black Colleges or Universities, 
        institutions in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in section 
        2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
        13503(b)(3)(A))), institutions in communities with dislocated 
        workers who were previously employed in manufacturing, coal 
        power plants, and coal mining, and other institutions of higher 
        education.
            ``(2) Inclusions.--The programs developed under paragraph 
        (1) may include--
                    ``(A) enabling mutually beneficial and jointly 
                managed partnerships between research-intensive 
                institutions and emerging research institutions; and
                    ``(B) soliciting research proposals, fellowships, 
                training programs, and research support directly from 
                emerging research institutions.
    ``(d) Traineeships.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        university-led Traineeship Program to address workforce 
        training needs in STEM fields relevant to the Department.
            ``(2) Focus.--The focus of the Traineeship Program 
        established under paragraph (1) shall be on--
                    ``(A) supporting training and research experiences 
                for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate 
                students; and
                    ``(B) increasing participation from 
                underrepresented populations.
            ``(3) Inclusion.--The traineeships under the Traineeship 
        Program established under paragraph (1) shall include 
        opportunities to build the next-generation workforce in 
        research areas critical to maintaining core competencies across 
        the programs of the Office of Science.
    ``(e) Evaluation.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish key 
        performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of 
        education and workforce programs and expand Departmental 
        activities for data collection and analysis.
            ``(2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future 
        Act of 2022, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall 
        submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
        Natural Resources of the Senate a report summarizing progress 
        toward meeting the key performance indicators established under 
        paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Hispanic-serving institution.--The term `Hispanic-
        serving institution' has the meaning given the term in section 
        502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1101a(a)).
            ``(2) Historically black college or university.--The term 
        `Historically Black College or University' has the meaning 
        given the term `part B institution' in section 322 of the 
        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
            ``(3) Institution in an eligible jurisdiction.--The term 
        `institution in an eligible jurisdiction' means an institution 
        of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) that is located in an 
        eligible jurisdiction (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of 
        the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))).
            ``(4) Minority-serving institution.--The term `minority-
        serving institution' includes the entities described in any of 
        paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
            ``(5) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the subjects listed in 
        section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 
        note; Public Law 114-59).
            ``(6) Tribal college or university.--The term `Tribal 
        College or University' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1059c(b)).''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in section 
        2(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
        1991 (Public Law 101-510; 104 Stat. 1497) is amended by 
        striking the items relating to sections 3167 and 3168 and 
        inserting the following:

``Sec. 3167. Partnerships with historically Black colleges and 
                            universities, Hispanic-serving 
                            institutions, and tribal colleges.
``Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities for highly skilled science, 
                            technology, engineering, and mathematics 
                            (STEM) professionals.
``Sec. 3168. Definitions.
``Sec. 3169. Authorization of appropriations.''.

SEC. 13. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE; HELIUM CONSERVATION 
              PROGRAM; OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREAT 
              PREPAREDNESS RESEARCH INITIATIVE; MIDSCALE 
              INSTRUMENTATION AND RESEARCH EQUIPMENT PROGRAM; 
              AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) (as amended by section 12(a)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) In General.--The Director shall establish a high intensity 
laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the 
National Academies report entitled `Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast 
Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light' and the report from the 
Brightest Light Initiative workshop entitled `The Future of Intense 
Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.'. The initiative should include research 
and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser 
technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery science 
and to advance energy technologies, as well as support for a user 
network of academic and National Laboratory high intensity laser 
facilities.
    ``(b) Leverage.--The Director shall leverage new laser technologies 
for more compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator systems needed 
for science applications.
    ``(c) Coordination.--
            ``(1) Director.--The Director shall coordinate the 
        initiative established under subsection (a) among all relevant 
        programs within the Office of Science.
            ``(2) Under secretary.--The Under Secretary for Science 
        shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection 
        (a) with other relevant programs within the Department and 
        other Federal agencies.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
            ``(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

``SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant recipients and 
facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse. The program shall 
competitively award grants for--
            ``(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and 
        recycle helium;
            ``(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of new and 
        existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling equipment; and
            ``(3) helium alternatives research and development 
        activities.
    ``(b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act of 2022, and 
every 3 years thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the 
purchase of helium as part of research projects and facilities 
supported by the Department. The report shall include--
            ``(1) the quantity of helium purchased for projects and 
        facilities supported by Department grants;
            ``(2) a cost-analysis for such helium;
            ``(3) expected or experienced impacts of helium supply 
        shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities 
        supported by the Department; and
            ``(4) recommendations for reducing Department grant 
        recipients' exposure to volatile helium prices.
    ``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under this 
section, the Director shall coordinate with the National Science 
Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on helium conservation 
activities.
    ``(d) Duration.--The program established under this section shall 
receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the 
availability of appropriations.
    ``(e) Renewal.--Upon expiration of any period of support of the 
program under this section, the Director may renew support for the 
program for a period of not more than 5 years.

``SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREAT PREPAREDNESS 
              RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish within the Office 
of Science a cross-cutting research initiative, to be known as the 
`Emerging Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative', to 
leverage the innovative analytical resources and tools, user 
facilities, and advanced computational and networking capabilities of 
the Department in order to aid efforts to prevent, prepare for, 
predict, and respond to emerging natural and anthropogenic biological 
threats to national security.
    ``(b) Competitive, Merit-Reviewed Process.--The Secretary shall 
carry out the initiative established under subsection (a) through a 
competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider applications from 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
institutional collaborations, industry partners and other appropriate 
entities.
    ``(c) Activities.--In carrying out the initiative established under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) determine a comprehensive set of technical milestones 
        for the research activities described in that subsection; and
            ``(2) prioritize the objectives of--
                    ``(A) supporting fundamental research and 
                development in advanced analytics, experimental 
                studies, materials synthesis, and high-performance 
                computing technologies needed to characterize, model, 
                simulate, and predict complex natural phenomena and 
                biological materials related to emerging biological 
                threats;
                    ``(B)(i) supporting epidemiological modeling, 
                including data management, curation, analysis, and 
                modeling; and
                    ``(ii) applying artificial intelligence, machine 
                learning, and other computing tools to the processes 
                described in clause (i);
                    ``(C) understanding and modeling the transport of 
                pathogens in indoor and outdoor air and water 
                environments;
                    ``(D) researching and developing advances in cost-
                effective and rapid pathogen detection, monitoring, 
                testing, and diagnostic technologies and protocols, 
                including for physiological and environmental samples;
                    ``(E) supporting the research and development of 
                materials and manufacturing of critical supplies needed 
                for the prevention of and response to biological 
                threats;
                    ``(F) advancing molecular design for medical 
                therapeutics;
                    ``(G) ensuring that new experimental and 
                computational tools are accessible to relevant research 
                communities, including private sector entities and 
                other Federal research institutions; and
                    ``(H) supporting activities and projects that 
                combine computational modeling and simulation with 
                experimental research facilities and studies.
    ``(d) Coordination.--In carrying out the initiative established 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate activities with--
            ``(1) other relevant offices of the Department;
            ``(2) the National Nuclear Security Administration;
            ``(3) the National Laboratories;
            ``(4) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
            ``(5) the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention;
            ``(6) the Director of the National Institutes of Health;
            ``(7) the heads of other relevant Federal agencies;
            ``(8) institutions of higher education; and
            ``(9) the private sector.
    ``(e) Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing 
Research Consortium.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of 
        the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall establish 
        and operate an Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance 
        Computing Research Consortium (referred to in this section as 
        the `Consortium'), to support the initiative established under 
        subsection (a) by providing, to the extent practicable, a 
        centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, 
        emerging infectious disease and biosecurity research and 
        development through high performance computing and advanced 
        data analytics technologies and processes, in conjunction with 
        the experimental research facilities and studies supported by 
        the Department.
            ``(2) Membership.--The members of the Consortium may 
        include representatives from relevant Federal agencies, the 
        National Laboratories, the private sector, and institutions of 
        higher education, which can each contribute relevant compute 
        time, capabilities, or other resources.
            ``(3) Activities.--The Consortium shall--
                    ``(A) match applicants with available Federal and 
                private sector computing resources;
                    ``(B) consider supplemental awards for computing 
                partnerships with Consortium members to qualifying 
                entities on a competitive merit-review basis;
                    ``(C) encourage collaboration and communication 
                among member representatives of the Consortium and 
                awardees;
                    ``(D) provide access to the high-performance 
                computing capabilities, expertise, and user facilities 
                of the Department and the National Laboratories; and
                    ``(E) submit an annual report to the Secretary 
                summarizing the activities of the Consortium, 
                including--
                            ``(i) describing each project undertaken by 
                        the Consortium;
                            ``(ii) detailing organizational 
                        expenditures; and
                            ``(iii) evaluating contributions to the 
                        achievement of technical milestones as 
                        determined in subsection (a).
            ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of the Consortium with the activities of other 
        research entities of the Department, other Federal research 
        institutions, institutions of higher education, and the private 
        sector.
    ``(f) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act of 2022, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report detailing the effectiveness of--
            ``(1) the interagency coordination among each Federal 
        agency involved in the initiative established under subsection 
        (a);
            ``(2) the collaborative research achievements of that 
        initiative, including the achievement of the technical 
        milestones determined under that subsection; and
            ``(3) potential opportunities to expand the technical 
        capabilities of the Department.
    ``(g) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
section--
            ``(1) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 and 2023; 
        and
            ``(2) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 
        2024 through 2026.
    ``(h) Prohibition.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Secretary may not carry out gain-of-function research.
            ``(2) Gain-of-function research defined.--In this 
        subsection, `gain-of-function research' means research 
        activities with the potential to generate pathogens with high 
        transmissibility and high virulence in humans.
            ``(3) Oversight and guidance.--The Director of the Office 
        of Science and Technology Policy shall provide guidance to the 
        Department, the National Laboratories, and users regarding the 
        establishment and promulgation of policies to implement the 
        prohibition under paragraph (1).

``SEC. 316. MIDSCALE INSTRUMENTATION AND RESEARCH EQUIPMENT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Director shall establish a midscale 
instrumentation and research equipment program to develop, acquire, and 
commercialize research instrumentation and equipment needed to meet the 
missions of the Department and to provide platform technologies for the 
broader scientific community.
    ``(b) Activities.--Under the program established under subsection 
(a), the Director shall--
            ``(1) enable the development and acquisition of novel, 
        state-of-the-art instruments that--
                    ``(A) range in cost from $1,000,000 to $20,000,000 
                each; and
                    ``(B) would significantly accelerate scientific 
                breakthroughs at user facilities; and
            ``(2) strongly encourage partnerships among--
                    ``(A) National Laboratories;
                    ``(B) user facilities; and
                    ``(C)(i) institutions in a State receiving funding 
                under the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive 
                Research established under section 2203(b)(3) of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3));
                    ``(ii) historically Black colleges or universities;
                    ``(iii) minority-serving institutions of higher 
                education; or
                    ``(iv) institutions of higher education in a rural 
                area.
            ``(3) Coordination with other programs.--The Director shall 
        coordinate the program established under paragraph (1) with all 
        other programs carried out by the Office of Science of the 
        Department.
    ``(c) Research Equipment and Technology Development Coordination.--
The Director shall encourage coordination among the Office of Science, 
the National Laboratories, the Office of Technology Transitions, and 
relevant academic and private sector entities to promote the 
dissemination or commercialization of research equipment and related 
technologies developed to aid basic science research discoveries.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $150,000,000 
for each of fiscals years 2022 through 2026.

``SEC. 317. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this title--
            ``(1) $8,451,905,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $9,035,354,600 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $9,705,470,672 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $10,259,703,569 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $12,049,702,411 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--Section 1(b) of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of contents by 
inserting after the item relating to section 309 the following:

``Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development.
``Sec. 311. Isotope research, development, and production.
``Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
``Sec. 314. Helium conservation program.
``Sec. 315. Office of Science Emerging Biological Threat Preparedness 
                            Research Initiative.
``Sec. 316. Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program.
``Sec. 317. Authorization of appropriations.''.

SEC. 14. ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH.

    (a) Research Areas.--Section 2203(b)(3)(E) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(E)) is amended--
            (1) in the subparagraph heading, by striking ``in areas of 
        applied energy research, environmental management, and basic 
        science'';
            (2) in clause (i)--
                    (A) in subclause (I), by inserting ``nuclear 
                energy,'' before ``and''; and
                    (B) by striking subclause (V) and inserting the 
                following:
                                    ``(V) basic science research, 
                                including--
                                            ``(aa) advanced scientific 
                                        computing research;
                                            ``(bb) basic energy 
                                        sciences;
                                            ``(cc) biological and 
                                        environmental research;
                                            ``(dd) fusion energy 
                                        sciences;
                                            ``(ee) high energy physics;
                                            ``(ff) nuclear physics;
                                            ``(gg) isotope research, 
                                        development, and production;
                                            ``(hh) accelerator 
                                        research, development, and 
                                        production; and
                                            ``(ii) other areas of 
                                        research funded by the Office 
                                        of Science, as determined by 
                                        the Secretary.''; and
            (3) in clause (ii)--
                    (A) in subclause (II), by striking ``graduate'' and 
                inserting ``undergraduate scholarships, graduate 
                fellowships, and'';
                    (B) in subclause (III), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting ``and staff;'';
                    (C) in subclause (IV)--
                            (i) by striking ``biennial'' and inserting 
                        ``annual''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(V) to develop research clusters 
                                for particular areas of expertise; and
                                    ``(VI) to diversify the future 
                                workforce.''.
    (b) Research Capability Enhancement.--Section 2203(b)(3) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended by 
striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:
                    ``(F) Research capability enhancement.--
                            ``(i) Scholarships and fellowships.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Pursuant to 
                                subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary 
                                shall award grants to institutions of 
                                higher education in eligible 
                                jurisdictions for those institutions of 
                                higher education to provide 
                                scholarships and fellowships.
                                    ``(II) Grant.--A scholarship or 
                                fellowship awarded by an institution of 
                                higher education in an eligible 
                                jurisdiction using a grant provided 
                                under subclause (I)--
                                            ``(aa) in the case of an 
                                        undergraduate scholarship--

                                                    ``(AA) shall be for 
                                                a period of 1 year; and

                                                    ``(BB) may be 
                                                competitively renewable 
                                                on an annual basis; and

                                            ``(bb) in the case of a 
                                        graduate level fellowship, 
                                        shall be for a period of not 
                                        more than 5 years.
                            ``(ii) Early career capacity development.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Pursuant to 
                                subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary 
                                shall award grants to early career 
                                faculty and staff at institutions of 
                                higher education in eligible 
                                jurisdictions--
                                            ``(aa) to support 
                                        investigator-initiated 
                                        research, including associated 
                                        research equipment and 
                                        instrumentation;
                                            ``(bb) to support 
                                        activities associated with 
                                        identifying and responding to 
                                        funding opportunities;
                                            ``(cc) to secure technical 
                                        assistance for the pursuit of 
                                        funding opportunities; and
                                            ``(dd) to develop and 
                                        enhance collaboration among 
                                        National Laboratories, 
                                        Department of Energy programs, 
                                        the private sector, and other 
                                        relevant entities.
                                    ``(II) Grants.--A grant awarded 
                                under subclause (I) shall be--
                                            ``(aa) for a period of not 
                                        more than 5 years; and
                                            ``(bb) competitively 
                                        renewable for an additional 5-
                                        year period.
                            ``(iii) Research capacity development.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Pursuant to 
                                subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary 
                                shall award competitive grants to 
                                institutions of higher education in 
                                eligible jurisdictions for research 
                                capacity development and 
                                implementation, including--
                                            ``(aa) developing expertise 
                                        in key technology areas, 
                                        including associated equipment 
                                        and instrumentation;
                                            ``(bb) developing and 
                                        acquiring novel, state-of-the-
                                        art instruments and equipment 
                                        that range in cost from 
                                        $500,000 to $20,000,000;
                                            ``(cc) enhancing 
                                        collaboration with National 
                                        Laboratories, the Department of 
                                        Energy, and the private sector 
                                        through faculty or staff 
                                        placement programs; and
                                            ``(dd) supporting formal 
                                        partnership programs with 
                                        institutions of higher 
                                        education and National 
                                        Laboratories.
                                    ``(II) Grants.--A grant awarded 
                                under subclause (I) shall be--
                                            ``(aa) for a period of not 
                                        more than 5 years; and
                                            ``(bb) renewable for an 
                                        additional 5-year period.
                                    ``(III) Equipment and 
                                instrumentation.--To the maximum extent 
                                practicable, the Secretary shall ensure 
                                that research equipment and 
                                instrumentation developed or acquired 
                                pursuant to a grant awarded under 
                                subclause (I) may sustain continued 
                                operation and be maintained without the 
                                need for additional or subsequent 
                                funding under this section.''.
    (c) Program Implementation Update.--Section 2203(b)(3)(G) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(G)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Update.--Not later than 270 days 
                        after the date of enactment of the Department 
                        of Energy Science for the Future Act of 2022, 
                        the Secretary shall--
                                    ``(I) update the plan submitted 
                                under clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) submit the updated plan to 
                                the committees described in that 
                                clause.''.
    (d) Program Evaluation Report.--Section 2203(b)(3)(H) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(H)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
                            ``(iv) Annual report.--At the end of each 
                        fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and 
                        the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate 
                        and the Committee on Energy and Commerce and 
                        the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                        Representatives a report that includes--
                                    ``(I) the total amount of 
                                expenditures made by the Department to 
                                carry out EPSCoR in each eligible 
                                jurisdiction for each of the 3 most 
                                recent fiscal years for which such 
                                information is available;
                                    ``(II)(aa) the number of EPSCoR 
                                awards made to institutions of higher 
                                education located in eligible 
                                jurisdictions; and
                                    ``(bb) the amount and type of each 
                                award;
                                    ``(III) the number of awards that 
                                are not EPSCoR awards made by the 
                                Secretary to institutions of higher 
                                education located in eligible 
                                jurisdictions;
                                    ``(IV)(aa) the number of 
                                representatives of institutions of 
                                higher education in eligible 
                                jurisdictions serving on each Office of 
                                Science advisory committee; and
                                    ``(bb) for each such advisory 
                                committee, the percentage of committee 
                                membership that those individuals 
                                constitute; and
                                    ``(V) the number of individuals 
                                from institutions of higher education 
                                in eligible jurisdictions serving on 
                                peer review committees.''.
    (e) Funding.--Section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 
(42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) Funding.--
                            ``(i) Authorization of appropriations.--
                        There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
                        Secretary to carry out EPSCoR, to remain 
                        available until expended--
                                    ``(I) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2022;
                                    ``(II) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2023;
                                    ``(III) $100,000,000 for fiscal 
                                year 2024;
                                    ``(IV) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2025; and
                                    ``(V) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2026.
                            ``(ii) Grants to consortia.--In the case of 
                        an EPSCoR grant awarded to a consortium that 
                        contains institutions of higher education that 
                        are not located in eligible jurisdictions, the 
                        Secretary may count--
                                    ``(I) the full amount of funds 
                                expended to provide the grant towards 
                                meeting the funding requirement in 
                                clause (iii) if the lead entity of the 
                                consortium is an institution of higher 
                                education located in an eligible 
                                jurisdiction; and
                                    ``(II) only the funds provided to 
                                institutions of higher education 
                                located in eligible jurisdictions 
                                towards meeting the funding requirement 
                                in clause (iii) if the lead entity of 
                                the consortium is an institution of 
                                higher education that is not located in 
                                an eligible jurisdiction.
                            ``(iii) Additional funds for eligible 
                        jurisdictions.--In addition to funds authorized 
                        to be appropriated under clause (i), the 
                        Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                        shall ensure that, of the research and 
                        development funds of the Office of Science that 
                        are awarded by the Secretary each year to 
                        institutions of higher education, not less than 
                        10 percent is awarded to institutions of higher 
                        education in eligible jurisdictions pursuant to 
                        the evaluation and selection criteria in 
                        section 605.10 of title 10, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations (or successor regulations).
                            ``(iv) Additional funds for equipment and 
                        instrumentation.--In addition to funds 
                        authorized to be appropriated under clause (i), 
                        there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
                        Secretary to award grants under subparagraph 
                        (F)(iii)(I) for the purpose described in item 
                        (bb) of that subparagraph $50,000,000 for each 
                        of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain 
                        available until expended.''.
    (f) Advisory Committees to the Office of Science.--In order to 
improve the advice and guidance provided to the Office of Science, the 
Undersecretary for Science shall seek to ensure, to the maximum extent 
practicable, the robust participation of institutions of higher 
education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) located in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in 
section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)(A))) on the Office of Science Federal Advisory Committee.
    (g) Technical Amendments.--Section 2203(b) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``(1) The Secretary'' and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(1) University research reactors.--The Secretary''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(2) The Secretary'' and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(2) Method to evaluate effectiveness of education 
        programs.--The Secretary''.

SEC. 15. RESEARCH SECURITY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Country of risk.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``country of risk'' means 
                a foreign country determined by the Secretary, in 
                accordance with subparagraph (B), to present a risk of 
                theft of United States intellectual property or a 
                threat to the national security of the United States if 
                nationals of the country, or entities owned or 
                controlled by the country or nationals of the country, 
                participate in any research, development, 
                demonstration, or deployment activity authorized under 
                this Act or an amendment made by this Act.
                    (B) Determination.--In making a determination under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in coordination with 
                the Director of the Office of Intelligence and 
                Counterintelligence, shall take into consideration--
                            (i) the most recent World Wide Threat 
                        Assessment of the United States Intelligence 
                        Community, prepared by the Director of National 
                        Intelligence; and
                            (ii) the most recent National 
                        Counterintelligence Strategy of the United 
                        States.
            (2) Covered support.--The term ``covered support'' means 
        any grant, contract, subcontract, award, loan, program, 
        support, or other activity authorized under this Act or an 
        amendment made by this Act.
            (3) Entity of concern.--The term ``entity of concern'' 
        means any entity, including a national, that is--
                    (A) identified under section 1237(b) of the Strom 
                Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
                Year 1999 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; Public Law 105-261);
                    (B) identified under section 1260H of the William 
                M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act 
                for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 
                116-283);
                    (C) on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of 
                Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce and 
                set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, 
                Code of Federal Regulations;
                    (D) included in the list required by section 
                9(b)(3) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 
                (Public Law 116-145; 134 Stat. 656); or
                    (E) identified by the Secretary, in coordination 
                with the Director of the Office of Intelligence and 
                Counterintelligence and the applicable office that 
                would provide, or is providing, covered support, as 
                posing an unmanageable threat--
                            (i) to the national security of the United 
                        States; or
                            (ii) of theft or loss of United States 
                        intellectual property.
            (4) National.--The term ``national'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
        (8 U.S.C. 1101).
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.
    (b) Science and Technology Risk Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop and maintain 
        tools and processes to manage and mitigate research security 
        risks, such as a science and technology risk matrix, informed 
        by threats identified by the Director of the Office of 
        Intelligence and Counterintelligence, to facilitate 
        determinations of the risk of loss of United States 
        intellectual property or threat to the national security of the 
        United States posed by activities carried out under any covered 
        support.
            (2) Content and implementation.--In developing and using 
        the tools and processes developed under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall--
                    (A) deploy risk-based approaches to evaluating, 
                awarding, and managing certain research, development, 
                demonstration, and deployment activities, including 
                designations that will indicate the relative risk of 
                activities;
                    (B) assess, to the extent practicable, ongoing 
                high-risk activities;
                    (C) designate an officer or employee of the 
                Department of Energy to be responsible for tracking and 
                notifying recipients of any covered support of 
                unmanageable threats to United States national security 
                or of theft or loss of United States intellectual 
                property posed by an entity of concern;
                    (D) consider requiring recipients of covered 
                support to implement additional research security 
                mitigations for higher-risk activities if appropriate; 
                and
                    (E) support the development of research security 
                training for recipients of covered support on the risks 
                posed by entities of concern.
            (3) Annual updates.--The tools and processes developed 
        under paragraph (1) shall be evaluated annually and updated as 
        needed, with threat-informed input from the Office of 
        Intelligence and Counterintelligence, to reflect changes in the 
        risk designation under paragraph (2)(A) of research, 
        development, demonstration, and deployment activities conducted 
        by the Department.
    (c) Entity of Concern.--
            (1) Prohibition.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
        entity of concern, or individual that owns or controls, is 
        owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control 
        with an entity of concern, may receive, or perform work under, 
        any covered support.
            (2) Waiver of prohibition.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary may waive the 
                prohibition under paragraph (1) if determined by the 
                Secretary to be in the national interest.
                    (B) Notification to congress.--Not less than 2 
                weeks prior to issuing a waiver under subparagraph (A), 
                the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Energy and 
                Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
                Representatives of the intent to issue the waiver, 
                including a justification for the waiver.
            (3) Penalty.--
                    (A) Termination of support.--On finding that any 
                entity of concern or individual described in paragraph 
                (1) has received covered support and has not received a 
                waiver under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall 
                terminate all covered support to that entity of concern 
                or individual, as applicable.
                    (B) Penalties.--An entity of concern or individual 
                identified under subparagraph (A) shall be--
                            (i) prohibited from receiving or 
                        participating in covered support for a period 
                        of not less than 1 year but not more than 10 
                        years, as determined by the Secretary; or
                            (ii) instead of the penalty described in 
                        clause (i), subject to any other penalties 
                        authorized under applicable law or regulations 
                        that the Secretary determines to be in the 
                        national interest.
                    (C) Notification to congress.--Prior to imposing a 
                penalty under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall 
                notify the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
                the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives of the 
                intent to impose the penalty, including a description 
                of and justification for the penalty.
            (4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) share information about the unmanageable 
                threats described in subsection (a)(3)(E) with other 
                Federal agencies; and
                    (B) develop consistent approaches to identifying 
                entities of concern.
    (d) International Agreements.--This section shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with the obligations of the United States under 
international agreements.
    (e) Report Required.--Not later than 240 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
that--
            (1) describes--
                    (A) the tools and processes developed under 
                subsection (b)(1) and any updates to those tools and 
                processes; and
                    (B) if applicable, the science and technology risk 
                matrix developed under that subsection and how that 
                matrix has been applied;
            (2) includes a mitigation plan for managing risks posed by 
        countries of risk with respect to future or ongoing research 
        and development activities of the Department of Energy; and
            (3) defines critical research areas, designated by risk, as 
        determined by the Secretary.
                                 <all>