117 S2494 IS: United Nations Transparency and Accountability Act of 2021 U.S. Senate 2021-07-28 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
II117th CONGRESS1st SessionS. 2494IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATESJuly 28, 2021Mrs. Blackburn introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign RelationsA BILLTo counter malign influence, require transparency, and promote accountability within the United Nations system, and for other purposes.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the United Nations Transparency and Accountability Act of 2021.
2.
Definitions
In this Act:(1)
Appropriate congressional committees
The term appropriate congressional committees means—(A)the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;(B)the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;(C)the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and(D)the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.(2)
Employee
The term employee means a staff member who is compensated in any form in the general services, professional staff, or senior management of the United Nations system, including a consultant, a contractor, or a subcontractor.(3)
Malign influence operations
The term malign influence operations means a coordinated, integrated, and synchronized application by a Member State of national diplomatic, informational, military, economic, or other capabilities, to foster attitudes, behaviors, or decisions by a United Nations entity, or within the United Nations system, that furthers the national interests and objectives of a Member State, in a manner inconsistent with the United Nations Charter.(4)
Member State
The term Member State means a country that is a Member State of the United Nations.(5)
Senior-level employee of the United Nations
The term senior-level employee of the United Nations means an individual who is employed in the professional staff or senior management of the United Nations system, serving at the level of D–1 or higher.(6)
United Nations entity
The term United Nations entity means—(A)the United Nations General Assembly;(B)the United Nations Economic and Social Council;(C)the United Nations Security Council;(D)the United Nations Secretariat;(E)an organization related to any of the entities referred to in subparagraphs (A) through (D);(F)a specialized agency; or(G)a subsidiary body.(7)
United Nations system
The term United Nations system means an aggregation of all United Nations entities.(8)
United States contribution
The term United States contribution means an assessed or voluntary contribution, whether financial, in-kind, or otherwise, from the United States Government to a United Nations entity.
<enum>I</enum><header>Countering Malign Influence Operations Within the United Nations System</header><section id="H03E57E1BB8084833A6FD744F16D07844"><enum>101.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text><paragraph id="H31A983CE126E4B67B165C227EB2D8025"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Article 100 of the United Nations Charter provides that United Nations Secretariat staff <quote>shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any authority external to the Organization</quote>.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF2078345501F4DC68A8C78BB20FE81B9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Furthermore, it requires Member States to <quote>respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities</quote>.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8220650BB9A94B61A61A8FE53541D5B8"><enum>(3)</enum><text>For decades, Russia has manipulated the United Nations procurement process to its own benefit, especially in air assets. Russian nationals in key procurement and personnel positions inside the United Nations have repeatedly drafted procurement contracts designed to ensure that Russian airframes and pilots have an unfair advantage when bidding for these contracts.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5F8F77BD1404469680C078C657662993"><enum>(4)</enum><text>According to Human Rights Watch, the People’s Republic of China (referred to in this section as the <quote>PRC</quote>) has used its leadership roles within the United Nations to block nongovernmental organizations critical of the PRC from being accredited to the United Nations. PRC diplomats have violated rules of the United Nations by harassing activists by photographing and filming them on the property of the United Nations, as well as contacting employees of the United Nations in efforts to intimidate and harass them.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2195839309874896A60FB1803064FC34"><enum>(5)</enum><text>In 2013, PRC authorities detained Cao Shunli after she tried to attend trainings in Geneva on the Human Rights Council. She was arrested at Beijing Airport and disappeared for several weeks. She had previously called on the Chinese Communist Party to work with civil society during the drafting of the PRC’s second Universal Periodic Review, a mechanism by which the United Nations Human Rights Council reviews the human rights records of Member States. After 5.5 months in detention, she died in a military hospital in Beijing. When nongovernmental organizations at the Human Rights Council called for a moment of silence in memory of Cao, the PRC delegation blocked the request.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6145AEBA40C843AAB5705FA984D205D4"><enum>(6)</enum><text>In a 2019 interview with China Central Television, Wu Hongbo, the former Under Secretary General of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (referred to in this section as <quote>UNDESA</quote>), stated publicly that as an employee of the United Nations, he prioritized the PRC’s interests above the impartiality of the United Nations system. When discussing how he demanded the United Nations police expel Dolkun Isa, an accredited nongovernmental organization participant, from the United Nations headquarters, Wu Hongbo described him as a <quote>Xinjiang separatist</quote> and bragged about intimidating an Assistant Secretary General who complained. He went on to say, <quote>I think being a Chinese diplomat means one can’t be careless, when it is about protecting China’s national interest and safety. We have to strongly defend the motherland’s interests.</quote>.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEF25850C0C82488684349008A7869197"><enum>(7)</enum><text>Despite this action, Wu Hongbo was succeeded as Under Secretary General and head of UNDESA by Liu Zhenmin, another PRC national. Under Secretary General Liu continues to prioritize PRC national interests above the impartiality required in his role.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H09DF6845242249099E38EB93722D0CE2"><enum>(8)</enum><text>On September 19, 2019, the Department of State expelled two members of the Permanent Mission of Cuba to the United Nations for <quote>attempts to conduct influence operations against the United States</quote>.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H623377F373E744E197967E61FC979658"><enum>102.</enum><header>Statement of policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HFE80205B90FF4911B1179B62F3FAA6F2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to identify, report, and hold accountable Member States that engage in malign influence operations and United Nations employees who act inconsistently with the principals of impartiality enshrined in the United Nations Charter;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H47850C99B8B74455BC4C62D3B8B9342C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to oppose the election as the head of any United Nations entity of nationals from Member States that engage in malign influence operations; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9B68A6F7663E4A4D8F636913A9F24AB5"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to support Taiwan’s membership or meaningful participation, as appropriate, in relevant United Nations entities in which Taiwan has expressed an interest in participating.</text></paragraph></section><section id="HC3EE0BC0BC5C47F5B04B5009A45D3CB5"><enum>103.</enum><header>Designation of senior official</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of State shall designate a Senate-confirmed senior-level official of the United States Mission to the United Nations—</text><paragraph id="id9B847DC897D8455A9C80ED181C5099BB"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to provide guidance regarding implementation of the policies specified in section 102;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id303BEFB40E6B4838B8660AF92B9848D4"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to fulfill the reporting requirements under section 104; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idE00A6444BC6E4828BF6EF9250904CE8A"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to coordinate the implementation of this title within the United States Government.</text></paragraph></section><section id="H8D3354802A62498E9903D0A88C4F560A"><enum>104.</enum><header>Annual reports on malign influence operations</header><subsection id="HBF89D61965F24813860E32D200EA6CF9"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than August 1, 2022, and annually thereafter for 4 years, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an unclassified report, which may include a classified annex, regarding malign influence operations.</text></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H186B45B792CD4225B6DAC033A840B8A5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each report submitted under subsection (a) shall include, with respect to the preceding 12-month period—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H4683296A637E41F1AC06D4B24364039A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a list of Member States determined to be engaged in malign influence operations;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H0C0901D8871C41918C4490BDCEFB3959"><enum>(2)</enum><text>actions inconsistent with the principle of impartiality enshrined in the United Nations Charter by the government of any Member State described in paragraph (1); and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HC4A8D6B9886F4657AC7011AA87B46DFA"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a description of the impact of such operations on the interests and security of the United States.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" id="H48E2CF4B2EB64523BBA97DECE6E75C08"><enum>105.</enum><header>Implementation</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United Nations to implement the policies specified in section 102.</text></section><section id="H42BD36FBA13E41029229947E31527628"><enum>106.</enum><header>Presidential actions in response to malign influence operations</header><subsection id="HB4D9ADED44F1412FA00E922A193DD53E"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States—</text><paragraph id="H3AAA9A3E39F74B68916DDFF574AE4ED6"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to oppose malign influence operations; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2DF0F4625756462CB36C0072F50C394B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to promote respect for the impartiality and independence of the United Nations system in countries designated as malign global actors pursuant to subsection (b).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2FD97F96599A499D97C092FD2258891F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Designations of countries as malign global actors</header><paragraph id="H79465143BC8545FA990A4A9783CEAB0F"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Annual review</header><text>Not later than September 1, 2022, and annually thereafter for the following 4 years, the President shall—</text><subparagraph id="id1F51528123244F67907653B745C132FE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>review the reports required under section 104 and any other available evidence or information to determine whether the government of a country included in the most recent report required under section 104 has engaged in malign influence operations that threatened the interests or security of the United States during the preceding 12-month period or since the date of the last review of the country under this subparagraph, whichever period is longer; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id647B2833125347A3B969FA263391193B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>designate as a malign global actor each country the government of which has engaged in such operations that have so threatened the interests or security of the United States.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H266E6EE61B2A4D8C835111E4B7BF6435"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Congressional notification</header><text>Whenever the President designates a country as a malign global actor under paragraph (1)(B), the President shall, as soon as practicable after the designation is made, transmit to the appropriate congressional committees the designation, including an explanation for why the designation was made.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H093804434BB84482B31A4476DB17B99F"><enum>107.</enum><header>Report on accountability of senior-level employees of the United Nations</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on feasible mechanisms and ongoing efforts to increase the accountability of senior-level employees of the United Nations.</text></section><enum>II</enum><header>Supporting United States Engagement in the United Nations System</header><section id="HBC6F513F60694D6C87B455282829E5F8"><enum>201.</enum><header>Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel</header><subsection id="HB13FF085E3C14B70BB1960FB49DD2A2F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of State shall establish an Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel as a separate office within the Bureau of International Organization Affairs of the Department of State and shall appoint an individual to be the head of that office.</text></subsection><subsection id="H137ED62E93D847B3B263A3D05DD4EBBF"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Duties</header><text>The head of the Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel shall—</text><paragraph id="HE9568A286C6F41E181A566B59A5457E1"><enum>(1)</enum><text>advocate for the employment of United States citizens by all international organizations of which the United States is a member, including the United Nations system;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3D537BE2030B438A95F1EE0818056220"><enum>(2)</enum><text>coordinate the interagency support of non-United States candidates for leadership or oversight roles within such international organizations when—</text><subparagraph id="H5AC96C8B68394C4EAC545D8A4490D32A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>no United States citizen candidate has been nominated for election to such a leadership role; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB30F25716A754CCE877254C9CBEFD910"><enum>(B)</enum><text>providing such support is in the interest of the United States;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8168381939B34CFCAF17EE8D13AF8070"><enum>(3)</enum><text>develop and maintain a publicly accessible database of open positions at such international organizations;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id89AD439B7C1B4BABB1102A205E77704C"><enum>(4)</enum><text>provide details on how United States citizens may submit applications for such positions;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8F0C28D638384E2DBB5A04E29131E1C9"><enum>(5)</enum><text>communicate regularly with members of Congress to solicit the names of qualified candidates for such positions;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5067C73B6BB44B3997F75D6D11754F2E"><enum>(6)</enum><text>maintain a comprehensive and current list of all United States citizens employed by such international organizations; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="idC599381CB3A34852A3F0D1F34FD4591D"><enum>(7)</enum><text>regularly report to Congress on the number of such citizens and identify any discrimination, prejudice, or perceived bias against such citizens seeking to secure such employment.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5DBEB906FC7A44D49300A3A2B83CA697"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Coordination</header><paragraph id="id31892385D0654DEA9EF155495E949EA2"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The head of the Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel shall coordinate all nominations by the relevant agencies of the Federal Government for election within the United Nations system.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id07BECF2E2D7E48A58B192F151A288CC1"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Recommendations</header><text>Heads of agencies of the Federal Government shall recommend to the head of the Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel for consideration candidates for election, promotion, or advocacy within relevant international organizations.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H9A4D40071C8248B1AA63F88376C9A98E"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Personnel</header><text>The Secretary of State shall ensure that the Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel is adequately staffed at all times to fulfill its duties under subsection (b).</text></subsection><subsection id="H7E9A01F0A4124DB181CEA08666E7721C"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Reporting</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The head of the Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel shall report directly to the relevant Deputy Assistant Secretary within the Bureau of International Organization Affairs.</text></subsection></section><section id="HC56EB9B26D954D158CED34D5495B0919"><enum>202.</enum><header>Junior Professional Officers</header><subsection id="H2B24E602BCFC4FC78EECC8C5D18BEBCC"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Increase in Junior Professional Officer positions</header><text>The Secretary of State shall increase by not less than 50 percent the number of Junior Professional Officer positions sponsored by the United States within the United Nations system over the number of such positions so sponsored as of the date of the enactment of this Act.</text></subsection><subsection id="HF94CBE2F48A240E7820F13509C619B79"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>Not later than December 31 of each year, the head of each bureau of the Department of State shall submit to the head of the Office of Multilateral Strategy and Personnel established pursuant to section 201—</text><paragraph id="id358F58A3C4EB41D9BFE9A0C8E24C7344"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the amount of funding each bureau has designated during the preceding fiscal year for Junior Professional Officer positions in the United Nations system; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id138261978CED433DA8B67E1D1A47936D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the number of such positions that existed on the last day of such fiscal year.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Transparency and Accountability for United States Contributions to the United Nations</header><section id="HC1EF0DD91B1948ACA598E724A6343EE4"><enum>301.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text><paragraph id="H48BD6223D5DF4C84996264E1D5D0E6B4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>As underscored by repeated revelations of waste, fraud, and abuse, oversight and accountability mechanisms within the United Nations system remain deficient, despite decades of reform attempts, including those initiated by Secretaries General of the United Nations.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H087022CE9DE4416291074C0501B036C9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Notwithstanding the personal intentions of any Secretary General of the United Nations to promote institutional transparency and accountability within the United Nations system, the Secretary General lacks the power to impose far-reaching management reforms without the concurrence of the General Assembly.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6D845B7F3D2043C5AFE799C8F77E302E"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services (referred to in this section as the <quote>OIOS</quote>) is tasked with providing transparency and accountability to Member States.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4432A362EF7F416788FD0309989D35CE"><enum>(4)</enum><text>The United States successfully led efforts within the General Assembly to expand OIOS, resulting in increased independence of the office and an enhanced ability to expose fraud, waste, abuse, and other misconduct.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5B095DBC0A104BE3BD40DC7F3DE05DF4"><enum>(5)</enum><text>However, to an unacceptable degree, major donor states, including the United States, lack access to reasonably detailed, reliable information on the use of funding made available through single-country trust funds, and the outcomes and results stemming from United Nations activities that would allow them to determine the overall performance of the United Nations system.</text></paragraph></section><section id="HDD660C4C543B4082846B313757D52073"><enum>302.</enum><header>Annual report on financial contributions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 4(b) of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/287b">22 U.S.C. 287b(b)</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H4E478E7CBE2846C98065051463734C68"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by striking <quote>Not later than</quote> and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HAFA36A11D13244059D10008769D53627"><paragraph id="HD992F60DE4B84144A795958678692DE8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H6B4508C6FF584272BC94D7072FCAF718"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HF1DB25F62FC849FCA47591E40CDDAB3D"><paragraph id="H3B6FBFE24A654E7A9EEC9774420763CA"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each report required under this subsection shall set forth, for the fiscal year covered by the report, information relating to—</text><subparagraph id="HAA52ADA31B9C4BAA876958E105ADE969"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the total amount of all United States contributions to international organizations in which the United States participates as a member;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8AEEEA75B8AE44D794827838DADBB632"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the approximate percentage of United States contributions to each international organization, when compared with all contributions to any such international organization, from any source; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H09534275706445A4B6EDA21154A451CE"><enum>(C)</enum><text>for each United States contribution, information relating to—</text><clause id="H60051C3E491F4AA2993AC05C596C28A6"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the amount of the contribution;</text></clause><clause id="H2212C8DC49A349D599E252D37B64803E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>a description of the contribution (including whether assessed or voluntary);</text></clause><clause id="HD2B3FC002544499AAEA1519239236491"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the department or agency of the United States Government responsible for the contribution;</text></clause><clause id="HBB44D8BF397943D6B7992847EC7FA3AC"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>the purpose of the contribution; and</text></clause><clause id="H028DD8FB42F14AA0BBB26A8776BCA16A"><enum>(v)</enum><text>the identity of the international organization receiving the contribution.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD8800441DB834BCFBE8952C36B520595"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Public availability of information</header><text>Not later than 14 days after submitting each report required under this subsection, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall post a public version of the report on a text-based, searchable, and publicly available internet website.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></section>