[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8088 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
117th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 8088
To establish the United States-India Climate and Clean Energy
Partnership to facilitate clean energy cooperation with India, to
enhance cooperation with India on climate mitigation, resilience, and
adaptation, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
June 15, 2022
Mr. Peters (for himself and Mr. Bera) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To establish the United States-India Climate and Clean Energy
Partnership to facilitate clean energy cooperation with India, to
enhance cooperation with India on climate mitigation, resilience, and
adaptation, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Prioritizing Clean
Energy and Climate Cooperation with India Act of 2022''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
Sec. 4. Sense of Congress on climate and clean energy cooperation with
India.
Sec. 5. Statement of policy.
Sec. 6. Purposes.
Sec. 7. Establishment of United States-India Climate and Clean Energy
Partnership.
Sec. 8. Strategy for implementation of the United States-India Climate
and Clean Energy Partnership.
Sec. 9. Partnerships for cooperation on research and innovation for
clean energy technologies.
Sec. 10. Initiatives for technical assistance for grid improvement and
energy efficiency in India.
Sec. 11. Initiatives for generation of new renewable energy in India.
Sec. 12. Report on promotion of State-State clean energy cooperation.
Sec. 13. United States-India climate change risk reduction and
resilience cooperation.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) India is the second most populous country in the world
with a population of approximately 1,334,000,000 people and is
the fifth largest economy in the world with a nominal gross
domestic product of approximately $2,940,000,000,000.
(2) India is among the countries most vulnerable to climate
change, with hundreds of millions of people susceptible to
events exacerbated by climate change, such as the spread of
infectious diseases, sea level rise and extreme flooding,
droughts, storms, and landslides triggered by extreme weather.
(3) India releases approximately 2,500,000,000 tons (carbon
dioxide equivalent) of greenhouse gases annually, making it the
third largest greenhouse gas emitter after the People's
Republic of China and the United States.
(4) India is one of the largest energy markets in the world
and is projected to be the largest source of global energy
demand growth through 2040. Installed power capacity in India
more than doubled between 2011 and 2021.
(5) Per capita energy consumption in India is relatively
low among emerging economic powers.
(6) Reliable access to power is crucial for the storage of
vaccines and antiretroviral and other lifesaving medical drugs,
as well as for the operation of modern lifesaving medical
equipment.
(7) Access to power can also provide improved information
and communication technologies that can greatly improve health
and education outcomes, as well as economic and commercial
opportunities.
(8) In 2000, only 43 percent of the population of India had
access to power. That percentage more than doubled between 2000
and 2020, with approximately 700,000,000 people in India
gaining access to electricity during that period.
(9) Prime Minister Narendra Modi has prioritized improving
citizen access to electricity and electrifying every household
in India.
(10) The Power for All initiative of the Government of
India aims to provide electricity to all households in India 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.
(11) Without action, climate change threatens to push
millions more people into poverty. Investments in clean energy
offer an opportunity to curb climate change while combating
poverty and increasing capacity to respond to the impacts of
climate change.
(12) As of June 2020, coal makes up the largest domestic
source of energy supply and electricity generation for India.
In October 2020, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
reported that renewable energy comprises approximately 12
percent of energy generation in India.
(13) India imports 80 percent of its oil needs, and that
amount is projected to increase in the coming decades due to
aging oil fields and a lack of new oil discoveries in India.
India is increasing its oil refining capacity to maintain
supply to meet the rising domestic demand for energy.
(14) India is projected to surpass the People's Republic of
China in oil consumption by 2030.
(15) On September 22, 2020, the People's Republic of China
announced a pledge to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2060
in its updated Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris
Agreement, done at Paris December 12, 2015, but given the need
to accelerate the reduction of global emissions along a 2050
timeline, that pledge is insufficient to avoid an increase of 2
degrees Celsius in the global average temperature.
(16) India, in contrast, is demonstrating that climate
action is a priority through concrete steps including a climate
plan compatible with the goal of limiting global average
temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius.
(17) India's unconditional emissions target, as outlined in
the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of India to the
Paris Agreement, aims to reduce emissions intensity of gross
domestic product by 33 percent to 35 percent below 2005 levels
by 2030.
(18) In its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution,
India has also pledged to increase the share of its installed
electricity capacity that comes from nonfossil fuel sources to
40 percent by 2030 and create an additional 2,500,000,000 to
3,000,000,000 tons of carbon sinks.
(19) In 2019, Prime Minister Modi announced an ambitious
domestic target of installing 450 gigawatts of renewable energy
capacity by 2030.
(20) India is among the top 5 clean energy producers
globally. Installed electricity capacity from renewables in
India grew by 144 percent from 2014 to 2020, and between 2014
and 2019 there was approximately $42,000,000,000 in investment
in the renewable energy sector in India.
(21) Numerous global funds, private equity firms, and
multilateral finance institutions are continuing to invest
billions of dollars in the growing renewable energy sector in
India.
(22) India leads the International Solar Alliance, a 75-
country initiative to which the United States does not yet
belong, to mobilize $1,000,000,000,000 in solar energy
investment by 2030.
(23) Increased ownership of appliances and cooling needs
could lead to a doubling or even tripling of energy use in
India by 2040. One billion air conditioning units are expected
to be in use in India by 2050.
(24) Under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, done at Montreal
September 16, 1987, India has agreed to freeze its
manufacturing and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons in 2028.
(25) In 2005, the United States and India established a
formal energy cooperation dialogue, the United States-India
Energy Dialogue, which included engagement on clean, low carbon
technologies. In 2009, the United States and India expanded the
United States-India Energy Dialogue to advance clean and
sustainable energy development. The expansion in 2009 included
the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy initiative focusing on
research into, deployment of, and access to clean energy.
(26) The Partnership to Advance Clean Energy Research
element of the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy initiative,
commonly referred to as ``PACE-R'', consists of research
consortia under the Joint Clean Energy Research and Development
Center launched in 2010 by the Department of Energy and the
Government of India with support from the private sector. PACE-
R has focused on solar power, advanced biofuels, energy
efficiency in buildings, and smart grids and energy storage.
(27) The Partnership to Advance Clean Energy Deployment
element of the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy initiative,
commonly referred to as ``PACE-D'', funds programs to improve
energy efficiency, grid connectivity, clean energy finance, and
more.
(28) The Partnership to Advance Clean Energy Access element
of the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy initiative, commonly
referred to as ``PEACE'', has focused on finance and technology
innovation, skills development, and ecosystem strengthening for
clean energy.
(29) In 2015, the United States and India launched the
U.S.-India Clean Energy Finance Task Force, which draws on the
finance expertise of the governments and private sectors of
both countries to tailor business and finance models to scale
India's clean energy sector.
(30) Since 2015, the United States has supported the
Partnership for Climate Resilience, which links United States
Government climate scientists with their counterparts in India
to produce climate data and information to inform local
decisionmakers.
(31) In 2018, the United States Government established the
Asia Enhancing Development and Growth through Energy
initiative, commonly referred to as ``Asia EDGE'', to support
sustainable and secure energy markets throughout the Indo-
Pacific. Asia EDGE integrates elements of the Partnership to
Advance Clean Energy initiative along with new programs such as
the South Asia Group for Energy.
(32) In 2018, the Governments of India and the United
States elevated the energy partnership to the U.S.-India
Strategic Energy Partnership to advance energy security, expand
energy innovation, and increase stakeholder engagement. That
partnership included pillars of cooperation on power and energy
efficiency, renewable energy, sustainable growth, and oil and
gas. The Governments of India and the United States also
continued clean energy research and development under the
Partnership to Advance Clean Energy Research.
(33) In 2021, the United States Government, through the
United States Agency for International Development, awarded
approximately $9,200,000 to support the Coalition for Disaster
Resilient Infrastructure, which the Government of India
launched in September 2019 at the United Nations Climate Action
Summit.
(34) In 2021, at the Leaders Summit on Climate, the United
States and India launched the U.S.-India Climate and Clean
Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership to mobilize finance toward and
accelerate clean energy deployment, demonstrate and scale
innovative clean technologies, and build capacity to measure,
manage, and adapt to the risks of climate-related impacts. The
Partnership has two main tracks, the Strategic Clean Energy
Partnership (led by the Department of Energy) and the Climate
Action and Finance Mobilization Dialogue (led by the Office of
the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate), which build on and
subsume previous, aforementioned processes.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
Representatives.
(3) Clean energy technology.--The term ``clean energy
technology'' means a technology related to the production, use,
transmission and distribution, storage, control, or
conservation of energy that will contribute to the
stabilization of the climate by reducing greenhouse gas
emissions or sequestering or using carbon dioxide and--
(A) reduces the need for additional energy supplies
by using existing energy supplies with greater
efficiency; or
(B) increases and diversifies the sources of energy
in a manner that will--
(i) reduce risk to human health, safety,
and welfare and the environment; and
(ii) strengthen energy security.
(4) Secretary.--Except as otherwise specifically provided,
the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of State.
SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CLIMATE AND CLEAN ENERGY COOPERATION WITH
INDIA.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) robust cooperation on the development and deployment of
clean energy technologies should be a priority in relations
between the United States and India and the top priority in the
countries' energy diplomacy;
(2) the collaboration of the United States and India on the
development and deployment of clean energy technologies has
resulted in innovative new technologies that have helped
significantly lower the carbon emissions of the power sector in
India;
(3) demand for energy in India will increase with the
expansion of the economy and middle class of India, and it is
in the interest of United States national security and global
security for the United States to support India in growing the
energy sector of India in environmentally and socially
responsible ways that mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and
improve the climate and energy security of India;
(4) the United States and India should continue
collaborating on research and development of new clean energy
technologies, as well as deployment of clean energy
technologies, so people across India can access power generated
from clean energy technologies and to help decarbonize India's
entire energy sector;
(5) the United States, through the Bureau of Energy
Resources of the Department of State, the United States
International Development Finance Corporation, the Department
of Energy, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the
International Trade Administration, and the United States
Agency for International Development, should encourage private
sector investment in and financing for the development and
deployment of clean energy technologies in India;
(6) the United States should support the Power for All
initiative created by the Government of India through technical
and other forms of assistance;
(7) the United States should support the ambitious
renewable energy generation goals set by the Government of
India through technical and other forms of assistance;
(8) Mission Innovation, in which India plays a critical
leadership role, represents an unmatched opportunity to make
clean energy technologies more affordable and accessible by
increasing funding for clean energy innovation;
(9) the United States should increase its participation in
and contributions to Mission Innovation;
(10) the International Solar Alliance led by India will
play a key role in mobilizing significant international
investment in solar energy;
(11) the United States should join and contribute to the
International Solar Alliance led by India;
(12) India has implemented several new policies to promote
the production and use of electric vehicles in India;
(13) the United States should promote research,
development, and private sector cooperation with India on the
production of electric vehicles and the planning and execution
of an expansive charging station network to support extensive
use of electric vehicles;
(14) increased demand for refrigeration and air
conditioning in India, and the adoption of the Kigali Amendment
to the Montreal Protocol, done at Montreal September 16, 1987,
are driving innovation and investments in next-generation
refrigeration equipment and refrigerants in India; and
(15) enhanced United States-India bilateral cooperation and
engagement on the development of technologies and chemicals
that are compliant with the Kigali Amendment are in the
interest of United States industry leaders in the refrigeration
and chemical coolant industries.
SEC. 5. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States to increase engagement and
cooperation with the Government of India, the Indian diaspora community
in the United States, and the private sector and civil society in both
the United States and India in a concerted effort--
(1) to support the ambitious goals of India--
(A) to expand renewable energy production and the
optimal integration of renewable energy into a
flexible, resilient electrical grid in India; and
(B) to provide reliable and affordable access to
electricity for all communities;
(2) to help improve the energy security of India and
decrease the dependence of India on imported fossil fuels;
(3) to foster innovation through academic and research
partnerships and mutually beneficial arrangements relating to
technology transfers and protection of intellectual property;
(4) to facilitate United States private sector investment
in projects to expand power transmission and distribution
capacity, energy storage, and territorial coverage in India to
increase the number of people, households, and communities with
access to power;
(5) to provide technical assistance and advice as
appropriate, and solely at the request and with the consent of
the relevant national and local authorities and stakeholders,
on--
(A) reforms of power production, delivery, and
pricing;
(B) reducing aggregate technical and commercial
energy losses in India's energy transmission and
distribution systems;
(C) regulatory reforms; and
(D) long-term, market-based power generation and
distribution;
(6) to support efforts to lower India's greenhouse gas
emissions and increase adaptive capacity by promoting United
States private investment in--
(A) renewable energy production;
(B) electric vehicle technology;
(C) energy efficiency in appliances, buildings, and
the industrial sector;
(D) technologies to decarbonize the industrial and
transport sectors in which emissions are hard to abate;
(E) technologies and infrastructure modifications
to improve the efficiency and resilience of existing
electricity generation units; and
(F) electricity transmission and distribution
projects to improve--
(i) the affordability of electricity;
(ii) grid reliability, efficiency,
flexibility, digitalization, and resilience to
climate impacts;
(iii) the number of citizens and households
with access to electricity;
(iv) rural electrification; and
(v) electric vehicle charging
infrastructure; and
(7) to strengthen India's resilience capacities that ensure
people, households, communities, institutions, and systems can
assess, anticipate, reduce, adapt to, respond to, and recover
from shocks and stresses associated with the effects of climate
change.
SEC. 6. PURPOSES.
The purposes of this Act are--
(1) to advance cooperation between the United States and
India on, and private sector engagement and investment in, the
development and deployment of clean energy technologies, and
improvement in the planning, reliability, flexibility, and
resilience of India's electrical grid to integrate increasing
use of renewable energy;
(2) to improve research collaborations that develop and
deploy innovative clean energy technologies in India;
(3) to enhance citizen access to electricity across India;
and
(4) to build capacity to measure, manage, and adapt to the
risks of climate-related impacts.
SEC. 7. ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED STATES-INDIA CLIMATE AND CLEAN ENERGY
PARTNERSHIP.
(a) In General.--The purposes described in section 6 shall be
advanced through the development and execution of bilateral initiatives
under an initiative to be known as the ``United States-India Climate
and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership'' (in this Act referred to as
the ``United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership'').
(b) Functions.--The United States-India Climate and Clean Energy
Partnership shall serve as--
(1) the primary forum for cooperation between the United
States and India on clean energy technologies; and
(2) the mechanism through which such cooperation is funded.
SEC. 8. STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED STATES-INDIA CLIMATE
AND CLEAN ENERGY PARTNERSHIP.
(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive, integrated,
multi-year strategy for implementing the United States-India Climate
and Clean Energy Partnership.
(b) Flexibility and Responsiveness.--The strategy required by
subsection (a) shall maintain sufficient flexibility and responsiveness
to technological innovation with respect to climate and clean energy in
India.
(c) Elements.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall
include--
(1) a general description, developed in collaboration with
the Government of India and local and regional authorities in
India, of the goals and ongoing efforts in India--
(A) to increase power production;
(B) to build and maintain climate resilient
electrical transmission and distribution
infrastructure;
(C) to expand electrical transmission and
distribution infrastructure in order to provide
equitable household and community access to
electricity;
(D) to implement regulatory reform, regional
interoperability, and transparent and accountable
governance and oversight;
(E) to strengthen the reliability and regional
interoperability of the electrical grid; and
(F) for electricity service providers--
(i) to provide affordable and reliable
power;
(ii) to reduce technical and nontechnical
losses;
(iii) to collect fees for services; and
(iv) to expand service to underserved
communities;
(G) to advance energy efficiency in appliances,
buildings, and the industrial sector; and
(H) to advance decarbonization across the energy
sector of India, including in transport and heavy
industry;
(2) an assessment of how the initiatives included in the
United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership will
support achievement of the clean energy and expanded energy
access goals of India, including--
(A) an analysis of--
(i) the flexibility and carrying capacity
of India's electrical grid to better integrate
renewable energy generation; and
(ii) the state of distributed renewable
energy in India;
(B) a description of market barriers to the
deployment of clean energy technologies, including
distributed renewable energy technologies both on- and
off-grid in India;
(C) an analysis of the efficacy of efforts by the
Department of State, the Office of the United States
Trade Representative, the United States International
Development Finance Corporation, and the United States
Agency for International Development to facilitate the
financing of the deployment, importation, distribution,
sale, leasing, or marketing of clean energy
technologies in India; and
(D) a description of how bolstering distributed
renewable energy can enhance the overall effort to
increase power access in India;
(3) a description of programs or initiatives in existence
as of the date of the submittal of the strategy that--
(A) meet the requirements for initiatives under
sections 9 through 11; and
(B) can be integrated into the United States-India
Climate and Clean Energy Partnership;
(4) a list of programs in existence as of the date of the
submittal of the strategy that will be integrated into the
United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership;
(5) recommendations on the establishment of any new
programs to meet the requirements for initiatives under
sections 9 through 11; and
(6) a plan describing which parts of the United States
Government shall serve as the lead for which components of the
United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership.
SEC. 9. PARTNERSHIPS FOR COOPERATION ON RESEARCH AND INNOVATION FOR
CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES.
(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is--
(1) to promote and accelerate the pace of innovation and
deployment of clean energy technologies;
(2) to expand community and household access to power in
India; and
(3) to facilitate demonstration projects of new, innovative
clean energy technologies.
(b) Research and Development Partnerships.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the
Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, and with the
cooperation of the Government of India, shall promote
partnerships between United States clean energy centers of
excellence designated under paragraph (4) and partner entities
in India described in paragraph (5) on research, development,
demonstration, and commercial application of clean energy
technologies.
(2) Exchanges; sharing.--The partnerships described in
paragraph (1) shall include--
(A) exchanges between United States clean energy
centers of excellence designated under paragraph (4)
and partner entities in India described in paragraph
(5); and
(B) lawful sharing of intellectual property between
the United States and India, including between private
sector entities in the two countries, with respect to--
(i) clean energy technology, including
carbon capture technologies;
(ii) air conditioning technology; and
(iii) refrigeration systems technology.
(3) Functions.--United States clean energy centers of
excellence designated under paragraph (4), in collaboration
with partner entities in India described in paragraph (5),
shall be responsible for--
(A) assessing different potential technological,
development, policy, and technical solutions to address
capacity constraints affecting the development and
deployment of existing and emerging energy technology
in India, consistent with the lawful sharing of
intellectual property described in paragraph (2)(B);
(B) facilitating engagements between energy
authorities in India and private sector clean energy
technology suppliers and project developers that could
provide solutions to energy capacity challenges;
(C) ensuring that local stakeholders and host
communities in India where energy projects supported by
partnerships under this section are being developed are
adequately engaged and given due consideration in the
development of such projects;
(D) arranging for the appropriate and lawful
sharing of prototyping, technology transfer activities,
and production facilities for clean energy
technologies, including assistance to clean energy
technology start-up ventures;
(E) promoting job training opportunities in the
deployment and operation of clean energy technologies
and energy transmission; and
(F) performing such other duties as determined by
the Secretary in coordination with the Secretary of
Energy.
(4) United states clean energy centers of excellence.--
(A) Designation.--
(i) In general.--The Secretary, in
consultation with the Secretary of Energy,
shall designate not more than 10 eligible
entities to be United States clean energy
centers of excellence.
(ii) Limitation.--Not more than \1/3\ of
the total number of eligible entities
designated under clause (i) may be National
Laboratories.
(B) Eligible entities.--For purposes of this
section, an ``eligible entity'' is--
(i) an institution of higher education; or
(ii) a National Laboratory.
(C) Applications by institutions of higher
education.--An institution of higher education seeking
designation as a United States clean energy center of
excellence under this paragraph shall submit an
application to the Secretary containing, at a minimum,
the following:
(i) A description of all entities within
the institution that would comprise the United
States clean energy center of excellence (in
this subparagraph referred to as ``component
entities'').
(ii) Any appropriate information on the
qualifications of individuals in key management
positions in the institution and the component
entities.
(iii) A full description of the governance
structure and management processes of the
institution and the component entities,
including a conflict of interest policy.
(iv) A description of the policies and
procedures of the institution and the component
entities for managing new intellectual property
created by a partnership under this section.
(v) A description of how the institution
would carry out the functions described in
paragraph (3).
(vi) Recommendations on--
(I) the scope of work for the
initial year of activities of the
institution under the United States-
India Climate and Clean Energy
Partnership; and
(II) focuses for future
programming.
(D) Selection process.--The Secretary, in
coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall select
eligible entities for designation as United States
clean energy centers of excellence under this paragraph
through an open and competitive process.
(E) Selection criteria.--The Secretary, in
coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall
establish criteria for selecting United States clean
energy centers of excellence based on--
(i) an evaluation of--
(I) the strength of the governance
structure of an eligible entity and the
entities within the eligible entity
that would comprise the United States
clean energy center of excellence;
(II) the expertise and experience
of key research management and academic
personnel of an eligible entity;
(III) the demonstrated knowledge of
an eligible entity with respect to--
(aa) energy markets in
India;
(bb) regulatory frameworks
and energy policies in India;
(cc) power service
providers in India;
(dd) applied energy
technologies in India; and
(ee) energy challenges,
including capacity constraints,
in India; and
(IV) the capability of an eligible
entity to conduct regional energy
market analyses and assessments of the
practicality of applying various clean
energy technologies to address various
energy challenges in India;
(ii) commitments of co-funding from non-
Federal sources;
(iii) the capability of an eligible entity
to attract matching funds from both non-Federal
and nongovernmental sources for follow-on
investments in widespread application of
successful projects; and
(iv) the capability and experience of an
eligible entity in managing technology transfer
programs.
(F) Selection priority.--The Secretary, in
coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall select
eligible entities for designation as United States
clean energy centers of excellence under this paragraph
in a manner that represents the geographic diversity of
the United States.
(5) Partner institutions in india.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation
with the Secretary of Energy, and in collaboration with
the appropriate ministries of the Government of India,
shall support the establishment of partnerships between
United States clean energy centers of excellence
designated under paragraph (4) and partner entities in
India.
(B) Eligibility and selection.--The Secretary shall
encourage the Government of India to select partner
entities described in subparagraph (A) for
participation in partnerships under this section based
on criteria similar to the criteria for eligibility and
selection of United States clean energy centers of
excellence described in paragraph (4).
(C) Pairing.--The Secretary, in consultation with
the Secretary of Energy, and in collaboration with the
relevant ministries of the Government of India, shall
pair selected United States clean energy centers of
excellence designated under paragraph (4) and partner
entities in India according to the strength and
similarities of the respective applications.
(6) Private sector involvement.--United States clean energy
centers of excellence participating in partnerships under this
section are encouraged to, in collaboration with their
respective partner entities in India under paragraph (5)--
(A) collaborate with private sector energy and
technology companies; and
(B) identify private sector entities that will
contribute resources to the initiatives and projects
developed through partnerships under this section.
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Institution of higher education.--The term
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given that
term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1001(a)).
(2) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory''
has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 for the
Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Center established
by the Department of Energy and the Government of India.
(2) Use of funds.--Amounts authorized to be appropriated
under paragraph (1) may be used only for clean energy projects.
(e) United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership.--All
initiatives established or continued under the authorities of this
section shall be part of the United States-India Climate and Clean
Energy Partnership.
SEC. 10. INITIATIVES FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR GRID IMPROVEMENT AND
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDIA.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, and with the cooperation of
the Government of India and regional authorities within India, shall
support initiatives, including new initiatives and initiatives in
existence as of the date of the enactment of this Act, as appropriate,
to provide technical assistance and expertise on electrical grid and
energy efficiency improvements in India for the following purposes:
(1) Expanding and improving the reliability, flexibility,
and resilience of the electrical grid to reach all regions and
populations.
(2) Developing microgrids or distributed energy resources
in areas in which connection to the larger electrical grid is
challenging.
(3) Increasing the optimal integration of renewable energy
into the electrical grid.
(4) Enhancing the interconnectivity of electrical grids
across States of India.
(5) Boosting the energy storage capacity of the electrical
grid.
(6) Developing standards for clean energy technologies,
smart buildings, and data centers.
(7) Increasing deployment of smart meters and other energy
efficiency technology.
(8) Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings,
appliances, and the industrial sector.
(9) Improving pollution controls and the efficiency of
fossil fuel electric generating units.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(c) United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership.--All
initiatives established or continued under the authorities of this
section shall be part of the United States-India Climate and Clean
Energy Partnership.
SEC. 11. INITIATIVES FOR GENERATION OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the
Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, and with the approval of the
Government of India, shall support initiatives, including new
initiatives and initiatives in existence as of the date of the
enactment of this Act, as appropriate, to develop new renewable energy
generation capacity in India.
(b) Selection of Initiatives.--In selecting initiatives to support
under subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary
of Energy, and in coordination with the Administrator, shall take into
account the priorities of the Government of India, including such
government's target of installing 450 gigawatts of renewable energy
capacity by 2030 and related goals established by the Intended
Nationally Determined Contribution of India to the Paris Agreement,
done at Paris December 12, 2015.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(d) United States-India Climate and Clean Energy Partnership.--All
initiatives established or continued under the authorities of this
section shall be part of the United States-India Climate and Clean
Energy Partnership.
SEC. 12. REPORT ON PROMOTION OF STATE-STATE CLEAN ENERGY COOPERATION.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the
Administrator and the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report on the prospects for
cooperation between States of the United States and States of India on
clean energy.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall
include--
(1) an assessment of which areas have the most potential
for cooperation between States of the United States and States
of India on clean energy technologies, including with respect
to--
(A) integrating clean energy into State electrical
grids;
(B) improving the efficiency of State electrical
grids;
(C) increasing the resiliency of State electrical
grids, especially against cyber attacks;
(D) improving power transmission and distribution
within States;
(E) enabling expanded use of electric vehicles;
(F) increasing energy efficiency of buildings and
methods of transportation; and
(G) demonstration projects of new clean energy
technologies, including in industrial sectors that are
hard to decarbonize;
(2) an analysis of potential opportunities for cooperation
between States of the United States and States of India on the
development and deployment of clean energy resources through--
(A) Federal Government programs in existence as of
the date of the submittal of the report that provide
financial support, technical assistance, or other
support for subnational cooperation; or
(B) any Federal Government forums in existence as
of such date to promote subnational communication; and
(3) recommendations for steps the Federal Government, with
the cooperation of the Government of India, can take to promote
cooperation between States of the United States and States of
India on clean energy, which shall include recommendations on--
(A) which programs or forums in existence as of the
date of the submittal of the report should be used to
promote such cooperation;
(B) new programs or forums that could be created to
promote such cooperation, and whether the creation of
those programs requires additional authorities;
(C) what agencies or offices within the Federal
Government should lead the implementation of each
recommended program or forum;
(D) what additional funding would be needed to
implement each recommended program or forum; and
(E) what role the United States mission to India
should play in promoting such cooperation.
SEC. 13. UNITED STATES-INDIA CLIMATE CHANGE RISK REDUCTION AND
RESILIENCE COOPERATION.
(a) In General.--The Administrator, under the direction of the
Secretary, shall work cooperatively with the Government of India on
integrating scientifically supported climate change risk reduction and
building resilience capacities in India.
(b) Priority.--Advancing the risk reduction and resilience
capacities described in subsection (a) shall be a priority for United
States diplomatic, security, and development programs within the United
States mission to India.
(c) Support.--The Administrator, under the direction of the
Secretary, and in coordination with other agencies with direct
international development programs and investments, shall support
efforts--
(1) to bolster resilience capacities to the effects of
climate change in India by supporting efforts in India to help
ensure that climate risk assessments and security planning in
India adequately evaluate and account for risks and
vulnerabilities associated with the effects of climate change
using best-available climate change data, forecasts, tools, and
information;
(2) to use shared knowledge, data, forecasts, tools,
information, frameworks, and lessons learned in incorporating
climate change resilience programming, planning, projects,
investments, and related funding decisions; and
(3) to work with civil society and local leaders, as
appropriate--
(A) to identify risks associated with the effects
of climate change in India; and
(B) to encourage and support efforts in India to
enhance resilience to the effects of climate change.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Agencies with direct international development programs
and investments.--The term ``agencies with direct international
development programs and investments'' includes--
(A) the Department of State;
(B) the Department of Agriculture;
(C) the Department of the Interior;
(D) the United States Agency for International
Development;
(E) the Millennium Challenge Corporation;
(F) the United States International Development
Finance Corporation; and
(G) the Trade and Development Agency.
(2) Resilience.--The term ``resilience'' means the ability
of an individual, household, community, country, or region to
withstand, adapt to, and quickly recover from shocks and
stresses associated with the effects of climate change.
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