Findings

Congress finds the following: (1)According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the maternal mortality rate varies drastically for women by race and ethnicity. On average, there are 12.7 deaths per 100,000 live births for White women, 43.5 deaths per 100,000 live births for African-American women, 32.5 deaths for American Indian and Alaskan Native women, and 14.4 deaths per 100,000 live births for women of other ethnicities. While maternal mortality disparately impacts African-American women and indigenous women, this urgent public health crisis traverses race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational background, and geography. (2)United States maternal mortality rates are the highest in the developed world and are increasing rapidly. (3)Many of these maternal deaths are likely preventable. (4)According to the National Institutes of Health, doula-assisted mothers are four times less likely to have a low-birth-weight baby, two times less likely to experience a birth complication involving themselves or their baby, and significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding. (5)Midwife-led care is associated with cost savings, decreased rates of intervention, lower cesarean rates, lower preterm birth rates, and healthier outcomes for mothers and babies. (6)Midwives may practice in any setting, including the home, community, hospitals, birth centers, clinics, or health units.

Medicaid coverage of services provided by doulas and midwives

(a)

In general

Section 1905 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d) is amended— (1)in subsection (a)— (A)in paragraph (30), by striking and at the end; (B)by redesignating paragraph (31) as paragraph (32); and (C)by inserting after paragraph (30) the following new paragraph:

(31)services and care, including prenatal, delivery, and postpartum care, that is provided in a culturally congruent manner (as defined in subsection (kk)) by doulas, midwives, and tribal midwives (as those terms are defined in subsection (jj)), that is provided in the home, community, a hospital, birth center, clinic, health unit, or is furnished via telehealth to the extent authorized under State law; and

; and

(2)by adding at the end the following:

(jj)

Doulas, midwives, and tribal midwife defined

For purposes of subsection (a)(31): (1)

Doulas defined

The term doula means an individual who— (A)has completed 60 hours of foundational training; (B)is certified by an organization, which has been established for not less than five years and which requires the completion of continuing education to maintain such certification, to provide non-medical advice, information, emotional support, and physical comfort to an individual during such individual’s pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period; and (C)maintains such certification by completing such required continuing education. (2)

Midwives defined

The term midwife means a midwife who meets at a minimum the international definition of the midwife and global standards for midwifery education as established by the International Confederation of Midwives. (3)

Tribal midwife defined

The term tribal midwife means an individual who is recognized by an Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1603)) to practice midwifery for such tribe. (kk)

Culturally congruent care defined

For purposes of subsection (a)(31), the term culturally congruent care, with respect to maternity care, means care that is provided in agreement with the preferred cultural values, beliefs, worldview, language, and practices of the health care consumer and other stakeholders.

(b)

Requiring mandatory coverage under State plan

Section 1902(a)(10)(A) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(10)(A)) is amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking and (30) and inserting (30), and (31). (c)

Effective date

(1)

In general

Subject to paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to medical assistance furnished on or after January 1, 2022. (2)

Exception for State legislation

In the case of a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) that the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines requires State legislation in order for the respective plan to meet any requirement imposed by amendments made by this section, the respective plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of such title solely on the basis of its failure to meet such an additional requirement before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the first regular session of the State legislature that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session shall be considered to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.