[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4346 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

        H.R.4346

                    One Hundred Seventeenth Congress

                                 of the

                        United States of America


                          AT THE SECOND SESSION

           Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday,
          the third day of January, two thousand and twenty-two


                                 An Act


 
Making appropriations for Legislative Branch for the fiscal year ending 
               September 30, 2022, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Table of contents.
Sec. 2. References.

                      DIVISION A--CHIPS ACT OF 2022

Sec. 101. Short title.
Sec. 102. Creating helpful incentives to produce semiconductors (CHIPS) 
          for America fund.
Sec. 103. Semiconductor incentives.
Sec. 104. Opportunity and inclusion.
Sec. 105. Additional GAO reporting requirements.
Sec. 106. Appropriations for wireless supply chain innovation.
Sec. 107. Advanced manufacturing investment credit.

                   DIVISION B--RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Sec. 10000. Table of contents.
Sec. 10001. Short title.
Sec. 10002. Definitions.
Sec. 10003. Budgetary effects.

          TITLE I--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE

Sec. 10101. Mission of the Office of Science.
Sec. 10102. Basic energy sciences program.
Sec. 10103. Biological and environmental research.
Sec. 10104. Advanced scientific computing research program.
Sec. 10105. Fusion energy research.
Sec. 10106. High energy physics program.
Sec. 10107. Nuclear physics program.
Sec. 10108. Science laboratories infrastructure program.
Sec. 10109. Accelerator research and development.
Sec. 10110. Isotope research, development, and production.
Sec. 10111. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
Sec. 10112. High intensity laser research initiative; helium 
          conservation program; Office of Science emerging biological 
          threat preparedness research initiative; midscale 
          instrumentation and research equipment program; authorization 
          of appropriations.
Sec. 10113. Established program to stimulate competitive research.
Sec. 10114. Research security.

 TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE

Sec. 10201. Definitions.

               Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

Sec. 10211. Authorization of appropriations.

                    Subtitle B--Measurement Research

Sec. 10221. Engineering biology and biometrology.
Sec. 10222. Greenhouse gas measurement research.
Sec. 10223. NIST authority for cybersecurity and privacy activities.
Sec. 10224. Software security and authentication.
Sec. 10225. Digital identity management research.
Sec. 10226. Biometrics research and testing.
Sec. 10227. Federal biometric performance standards.
Sec. 10228. Protecting research from cybersecurity theft.
Sec. 10229. Dissemination of resources for research institutions.
Sec. 10230. Advanced communications research.
Sec. 10231. Neutron scattering.
Sec. 10232. Artificial intelligence.
Sec. 10233. Sustainable chemistry research and education.
Sec. 10234. Premise plumbing research.
Sec. 10235. Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity Education Grant Program.

                     Subtitle C--General Activities

Sec. 10241. Educational outreach and support for underrepresented 
          communities.
Sec. 10242. Other transactions authority.
Sec. 10243. Report to Congress on collaborations with government 
          agencies.
Sec. 10244. Hiring critical technical experts.
Sec. 10245. International standards development.
Sec. 10246. Standard technical update.
Sec. 10247. GAO study of NIST research security policies and protocols.
Sec. 10248. Standards development organization grants.

        Subtitle D--Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership

Sec. 10251. Establishment of expansion awards pilot program as a part of 
          the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.
Sec. 10252. Update to Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.
Sec. 10253. National Supply Chain Database.
Sec. 10254. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership activities.
Sec. 10255. Amendment to the Hollings Manufacturing Extension 
          Partnership relating to institutions of higher education.

                  Subtitle E--Manufacturing USA Program

Sec. 10261. Supporting geographic diversity.
Sec. 10262. Expanding opportunities through the Manufacturing USA 
          Program.
Sec. 10263. Promoting domestic production of technologies developed 
          under Manufacturing USA Program.

          TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE

                     Subtitle A--Preliminary Matters

Sec. 10301. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 10302. Definitions.
Sec. 10303. Authorization of appropriations.

                       Subtitle B--STEM Education

Sec. 10311. PreK-12 STEM education.
Sec. 10312. Undergraduate STEM education.
Sec. 10313. Graduate STEM education.
Sec. 10314. STEM workforce data.
Sec. 10315. Cyber workforce development research and development.
Sec. 10316. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program.
Sec. 10317. Cybersecurity workforce data initiative.
Sec. 10318. Microelectronics workforce development activities.
Sec. 10319. Incorporation of art and design into certain STEM education.
Sec. 10320. Mandatory cost-sharing.
Sec. 10321. Programs to address the STEM workforce.

                  Subtitle C--Broadening Participation

Sec. 10321. Presidential awards for excellence in mathematics and 
          science.
Sec. 10322. Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship program update.
Sec. 10323. NSF Eddie Bernice Johnson INCLUDES Initiative.
Sec. 10324. Broadening participation on major facilities awards.
Sec. 10325. Expanding geographic and institutional diversity in 
          research.
Sec. 10326. Diversity in tech research.
Sec. 10327. Chief Diversity Officer of the NSF.
Sec. 10328. Research and dissemination to increase the participation of 
          women and underrepresented minorities in STEM fields.
Sec. 10329. Activities to expand STEM opportunities.
Sec. 10330. Intramural emerging research institutions pilot program.

                    Subtitle D--NSF Research Security

Sec. 10331. Office of Research Security and Policy.
Sec. 10332. Chief of Research Security.
Sec. 10333. Reporting to Congress.
Sec. 10334. Online resource.
Sec. 10335. Research awards.
Sec. 10336. Authorities.
Sec. 10337. Responsible conduct in research training.
Sec. 10338. Research security and integrity information sharing analysis 
          organization.
Sec. 10339. Plan with respect to controlled information and background 
          screening.
Sec. 10339A. Foundation funding to institutions hosting or supporting 
          Confucius Institutes.
Sec. 10339B. Foreign financial support.
Sec. 10339C. Authorization of appropriations.

                    Subtitle E--Fundamental Research

Sec. 10341. Broader impacts.
Sec. 10342. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 10343. Research ethics.
Sec. 10344. Research reproducibility and replicability.
Sec. 10345. Climate change research.
Sec. 10346. Social, behavioral, and economic sciences.
Sec. 10347. Measuring impacts of Federally funded research and 
          development.
Sec. 10348. Food-energy-water research.
Sec. 10349. Biological Field Stations and Marine Laboratories.
Sec. 10350. Sustainable chemistry research and education.
Sec. 10351. Risk and resilience research.
Sec. 10352. Unmanned aircraft systems technologies.
Sec. 10353. Accelerating unmanned maritime systems technologies.
Sec. 10354. Leveraging international expertise in research.
Sec. 10355. Biological research collections.
Sec. 10356. Clean water research and technology acceleration.
Sec. 10357. Technology and behavioral science research.
Sec. 10358. Manufacturing research amendment.
Sec. 10359. Critical minerals mining research and development.
Sec. 10360. Study of AI research capacity.
Sec. 10361. Advancing IoT for Precision Agriculture Capabilities Act.
Sec. 10362. Astronomy and satellite constellations.
Sec. 10363. Research on the impact of inflation.
Sec. 10364. Microgravity utilization policy.
Sec. 10365. Recognition of the Arecibo Observatory.

                   Subtitle F--Research Infrastructure

Sec. 10371. Facility operation and maintenance.
Sec. 10372. Reviews.
Sec. 10373. Helium conservation.
Sec. 10374. Advanced computing.
Sec. 10375. National secure data service.

  Subtitle G--Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships

Sec. 10381. Establishment.
Sec. 10382. Purposes.
Sec. 10383. Activities.
Sec. 10384. Requirements.
Sec. 10385. Assistant Director.
Sec. 10386. Advisory committee.
Sec. 10387. Challenges and focus areas.
Sec. 10388. Regional Innovation Engines.
Sec. 10389. Translation accelerator.
Sec. 10390. Test beds.
Sec. 10391. Planning and capacity building awards.
Sec. 10392. Entrepreneurial fellowships.
Sec. 10393. Scholarships and fellowships.
Sec. 10394. Research and development awards.
Sec. 10395. Scaling innovations in PreK-12 STEM education.
Sec. 10396. Authorities.
Sec. 10397. Coordination of activities.
Sec. 10398. Ethical, legal, and societal considerations.
Sec. 10399. Reports and roadmaps.
Sec. 10399A. Evaluation.

                  Subtitle H--Administrative Amendments

Sec. 10399D. Supporting veterans in STEM careers.
Sec. 10399E. Sunshine Act compliance.
Sec. 10399F. Science and engineering indicators report submission.

              TITLE IV--BIOECONOMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Sec. 10401. Definitions.
Sec. 10402. National engineering biology research and development 
          initiative.
Sec. 10403. Initiative coordination.
Sec. 10404. Advisory committee on engineering biology research and 
          development.
Sec. 10405. External review of ethical, legal, environmental, safety, 
          security, and societal issues.
Sec. 10406. Agency activities.
Sec. 10407. Rule of construction.

              TITLE V--BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE

                     Subtitle A--STEM Opportunities

Sec. 10501. Federal research agency policies for caregivers.
Sec. 10502. Collection and reporting of data on federal research awards.
Sec. 10503. Policies for review of Federal research awards.
Sec. 10504. Collection of data on demographics of faculty.
Sec. 10505. Cultural and institutional barriers to expanding the 
          academic and Federal STEM workforce.
Sec. 10506. Existing activities.
Sec. 10507. Report to Congress.
Sec. 10508. Merit review.
Sec. 10509. Determination of budgetary effects.
Sec. 10510. Definition.

                Subtitle B--Rural STEM Education Research

Sec. 10511. Definition.
Sec. 10512. National Science Foundation rural STEM activities.
Sec. 10513. Opportunities for online education.
Sec. 10514. National Academies evaluation.
Sec. 10515. GAO review.
Sec. 10516. NIST engagement with rural communities.

                    Subtitle C--MSI STEM Achievement

Sec. 10521. GAO review.
Sec. 10522. Agency responsibilities.
Sec. 10523. Research at the National Science Foundation.
Sec. 10524. Capacity-building program for developing universities.
Sec. 10525. Tribal Colleges and Universities program.
Sec. 10526. Definitions.

           Subtitle D--Combating Sexual Harassment in Science

Sec. 10531. Findings.
Sec. 10532. Purpose.
Sec. 10533. Definition.
Sec. 10534. Research awards.
Sec. 10535. Responsible Conduct Guide.
Sec. 10536. Interagency working group.
Sec. 10537. National Academies assessment.
Sec. 10538. GAO study.
Sec. 10539. Authorization of appropriations.

        TITLE VI--MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS

             Subtitle A--Supporting Early-career Researchers

Sec. 10601. Early-career research fellowship program.
Sec. 10602. Authorization of appropriations.

          Subtitle B--National Science and Technology Strategy

Sec. 10611. National science and technology strategy.
Sec. 10612. Strategy and report on the Nation's economic security, 
          science, research, and innovation to support the national 
          security strategy.
Sec. 10613. Quadrennial science and technology review.

                     Subtitle C--Regional Innovation

Sec. 10621. Regional innovation capacity.
Sec. 10622. Regional Clean Energy Innovation Program.

                      Subtitle D--Research Security

Sec. 10631. Requirements for foreign talent recruitment programs.
Sec. 10632. Malign foreign talent recruitment program prohibition.
Sec. 10633. Review of contracts and agreements.
Sec. 10634. Research security training requirement for Federal research 
          award personnel.
Sec. 10635. Research funds accounting.
Sec. 10636. Person or entity of concern prohibition.
Sec. 10637. Nondiscrimination.
Sec. 10638. Definitions.

   Subtitle E--Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation

Sec. 10641. Short title.
Sec. 10642. Purposes.
Sec. 10643. Definitions.
Sec. 10644. Interagency working group.
Sec. 10645. Strategic research plan.
Sec. 10646. NOAA ocean acidification activities.
Sec. 10647. NSF ocean acidification activities.
Sec. 10648. NASA ocean acidification activities.
Sec. 10649. Authorization of appropriations.

                  Subtitle F--Interagency Working Group

Sec. 10651. Interagency working group.

            Subtitle G--Quantum Networking and Communications

Sec. 10661. Quantum networking and communications.

                    Subtitle H--Blockchain Specialist

Sec. 10671. Establishment of blockchain and cryptocurrency specialist 
          position within OSTP.

       Subtitle I--Partnerships for Energy Security and Innovation

Sec. 10691. Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation.

               Subtitle J--Energizing Technology Transfer

Sec. 10701. Definitions.

       PART 1--National Clean Energy Technology Transfer Programs

Sec. 10713. National clean energy incubator program.
Sec. 10714. Clean energy technology university prize competition.
Sec. 10715. Clean energy technology transfer coordination.

 PART 2--Supporting Technology Development at the National Laboratories

Sec. 10716. Lab partnering service pilot program.
Sec. 10717. Lab-embedded entrepreneurship program.
Sec. 10718. Small business voucher program.
Sec. 10719. Entrepreneurial leave program.
Sec. 10720. National Laboratory non-Federal employee outside employment 
          authority.

               PART 3--Department of Energy Modernization

Sec. 10722. Office of Technology Transitions.
Sec. 10723. Management of Department of Energy demonstration projects.
Sec. 10724. Streamlining prize competitions.
Sec. 10725. Cost-share waiver extension.
Sec. 10726. Special hiring authority for scientific, engineering, and 
          project management personnel.
Sec. 10727. Technology transfer reports and evaluation.

                          Subtitle K--Micro Act

Sec. 10731. Microelectronics research for energy innovation.

    Subtitle L--National Nuclear University Research Infrastructure 
                              Reinvestment

Sec. 10741. Short title.
Sec. 10742. Purposes.
Sec. 10743. University infrastructure collaboration.
Sec. 10744. Advanced nuclear research infrastructure enhancement 
          subprogram.
Sec. 10745. Science education and human resources scholarships, 
          fellowships, and research and development projects.

    Subtitle M--Steel Upgrading Partnerships and Emissions Reduction

Sec. 10751. Low-emissions steel manufacturing research program.

    Subtitle N--Applied Laboratories Infrastructure Restoration and 
                              Modernization

Sec. 10761. Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and 
          modernization.

      Subtitle O--Department of Energy Research, Development, and 
                        Demonstration Activities

Sec. 10771. Department of Energy research, development, and 
          demonstration activities.

                   Subtitle P--Fission for the Future

Sec. 10781. Advanced nuclear technologies Federal research, development, 
          and demonstration program.

 TITLE VII--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION AUTHORIZATION 
                                   ACT

Sec. 10801. Short title.
Sec. 10802. Definitions.

                         Subtitle A--Exploration

Sec. 10811. Moon to Mars.
Sec. 10812. Space Launch System configurations.
Sec. 10813. Rocket engine test infrastructure.
Sec. 10814. Pearl River maintenance.
Sec. 10815. Extension and modification relating to International Space 
          Station.
Sec. 10816. Priorities for International Space Station.
Sec. 10817. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions.

                           Subtitle B--Science

Sec. 10821. Science priorities.
Sec. 10822. Search for life.
Sec. 10823. Next generation of astrophysics great observatories.
Sec. 10824. Earth science missions and programs.
Sec. 10825. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.

                         Subtitle C--Aeronautics

Sec. 10831. Experimental aircraft projects.
Sec. 10832. Unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 10833. Cleaner, quieter airplanes.

                      Subtitle D--Space Technology

Sec. 10841. Space nuclear capabilities.
Sec. 10842. Prioritization of low-enriched uranium technology.

                       Subtitle E--STEM Engagement

Sec. 10851. Office of STEM Engagement.

                        Subtitle F--Miscellaneous

Sec. 10861. Program, workforce, and industrial base reviews.
Sec. 10862. Modification of lease of non-excess property.

   DIVISION C--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS TO ADDRESS THREATS TO THE 
                   SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
    Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ``this 
Act'' contained in any division of this Act shall be treated as 
referring only to the provisions of that division.

                     DIVISION A--CHIPS ACT OF 2022

    SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``CHIPS Act of 2022''.
    SEC. 102. CREATING HELPFUL INCENTIVES TO PRODUCE SEMICONDUCTORS 
      (CHIPS) FOR AMERICA FUND.
    (a) CHIPS for America Fund.--
        (1) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
    United States a fund to be known as the ``Creating Helpful 
    Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund'' 
    (referred to in this subsection as the ``Fund'') for the Secretary 
    of Commerce to carry out sections 9902, 9904, and 9906 of the 
    William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
    Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652, 4654, and 4656; Public Law 116-
    283). Amounts in the Fund to carry out sections 9904 and 9906 of 
    Public Law 116-283 shall be transferred to and merged with accounts 
    within the Department of Commerce to be used for such purposes, 
    except that amounts transferred to carry out section 9904 of Public 
    Law 116-283 shall remain available until September 30, 2025.
        (2) Appropriation.--
            (A) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such 
        purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in 
        subsection (a)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated--
                (i) for fiscal year 2022, $24,000,000,000, to remain 
            available until expended, of which $19,000,000,000 shall be 
            for section 9902 of Public Law 116-283, $2,000,000,000 
            shall be for subsection (c) of section 9906 of Public Law 
            116-283, $2,500,000,000 shall be for subsection (d) of 
            section 9906 of Public Law 116-283, and $500,000,000 shall 
            be for subsections (e) and (f) of section 9906 of Public 
            Law 116-283;
                (ii) for fiscal year 2023, $7,000,000,000 to remain 
            available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be 
            for section 9902 of Public Law 116-283 and $2,000,000,000 
            shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 
            9906 of Public Law 116-283;
                (iii) for fiscal year 2024, $6,300,000,000, to remain 
            available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be 
            for section 9902 of Public Law 116-283 and $1,300,000,000 
            shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 
            9906 of Public Law 116-283;
                (iv) for fiscal year 2025, $6,100,000,000, to remain 
            available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be 
            for section 9902 of Public Law 116-283 and $1,100,000,000 
            shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 
            9906 of Public Law 116-283; and
                (v) for fiscal year 2026, $6,600,000,000, to remain 
            available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be 
            for section 9902 of Public Law 116- 283 and $1,600,000,000 
            shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 
            9906 of Public Law 116-283.
            (B) Direct loans and loan guarantees.--The Secretary of 
        Commerce may use--
                (i) up to $6,000,000,000 of the amounts made available 
            for fiscal year 2022 for section 9902 of Public Law 116-283 
            for the cost of direct loans and loan guarantees, as 
            authorized by section 9902 of Public Law 116-283, provided 
            that--

                    (I) such costs, including the cost of modifying 
                such loans and loan guarantees shall be as defined in 
                section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974; 
                and
                    (II) these funds are available to subsidize gross 
                obligations for the principal amount of direct loans 
                and total loan principal, any part of which is to be 
                guaranteed, not to exceed $75,000,000,000;

                (ii) up to 2 percent of the amounts made available in 
            each fiscal year for salaries and expenses, administration, 
            and oversight purposes to carry out sections 9902 and 9906 
            of Public Law 116-283, of which $5,000,000 in each of 
            fiscal years 2022 through 2026 shall be transferred to the 
            Office of Inspector General of the Department of Commerce 
            to oversee expenditures from the Fund; and
                (iii) up to $2,300,000 of the amounts made available in 
            fiscal year 2022 to carry out section 9904 of Public Law 
            116-283.
        (3) Assistance for mature technology nodes.--Of the amount 
    available in fiscal year 2022 to implement section 9902 of the 
    William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
    Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652), $2,000,000,000 shall be to 
    provide Federal financial assistance to covered entities to 
    incentivize investment in facilities and equipment in the United 
    States for the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of 
    semiconductors at mature technology nodes under subsection (e) of 
    that section, as added by section 103 of this Act.
        (4) Allocation authority.--
            (A) Submission of cost estimates.--The President shall 
        submit to Congress detailed account, program, and project 
        allocations of the full amount made available under subsection 
        (a)(2)--
                (i) for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, not later than 60 
            days after the date of enactment of this Act; and
                (ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2026, as 
            part of the annual budget submission of the President under 
            section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.
            (B) Alternate allocation.--
                (i) In general.--The Committees on Appropriations of 
            the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for 
            alternate allocation of amounts made available under 
            subsection (a)(2), including by account, program, and 
            project.
                (ii) Allocation by president.--

                    (I) No alternate allocations.--If Congress has not 
                enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, 
                including by account, program, and project, by the date 
                on which the Act making full-year appropriations for 
                the Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and 
                Related Agencies for the applicable fiscal year is 
                enacted into law, only then shall amounts made 
                available under subsection (a)(2) be allocated by the 
                President or apportioned or allotted by account, 
                program, and project pursuant to title 31, United 
                States Code.
                    (II) Insufficient alternate allocation.--If 
                Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
                allocations, including by account, program, and 
                project, for amounts made available under subsection 
                (a)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated 
                under that subsection, the difference between the 
                amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall 
                be allocated by the President and apportioned and 
                allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to 
                title 31, United States Code.

    (b) CHIPS for America Defense Fund.--
        (1) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
    United States a fund to be known as the ``Creating Helpful 
    Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Defense 
    Fund'' (referred to in this subsection as the ``Fund'') to provide 
    for those requirements that are necessary to carry out section 
    9903(b) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4653(b)). Amounts 
    in the Fund shall be transferred to and merged with accounts within 
    the Department of Defense to be used for such purposes. Amounts in 
    the Fund or transferred to and merged with accounts within the 
    Department of Defense may not be used for construction of 
    facilities.
        (2) Appropriation.--In addition to amounts otherwise available 
    for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in 
    subsection (b)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
    appropriated--
            (A) for fiscal year 2023, $400,000,000, to remain available 
        until September 30, 2023;
            (B) for fiscal year 2024, $400,000,000, to remain available 
        until September 30, 2024;
            (C) for fiscal year 2025, $400,000,000, to remain available 
        until September 30, 2025;
            (D) for fiscal year 2026, $400,000,000, to remain available 
        until September 30, 2026; and
            (E) for fiscal year 2027, $400,000,000, to remain available 
        until September 30, 2027.
        (3) Allocation authority.--
            (A) Submission of cost estimates.--The President shall 
        submit to Congress detailed account, program element, and 
        project allocations of the full amount made available under 
        subsection (b)(2)--
                (i) for fiscal year 2023, not later than 60 days after 
            the date of enactment of this Act; and
                (ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, as 
            part of the annual budget submission of the President under 
            section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.
            (B) Alternate allocation.--
                (i) In general.--The Committees on Appropriations of 
            the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for 
            alternate allocation of amounts made available under 
            subsection (b)(2), including by account, program element, 
            and project.
                (ii) Allocation by president.--

                    (I) No alternate allocations.--If Congress has not 
                enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, 
                including by account, program element, and project, by 
                the date on which the Act making full-year 
                appropriations for the Department of Defense for the 
                applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, only then 
                shall amounts made available under subsection (b)(2) be 
                allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted 
                by account, program element, and project pursuant to 
                title 31, United States Code.
                    (II) Insufficient alternate allocation.--If 
                Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
                allocations, including by account, program element, and 
                project, for amounts made available under subsection 
                (b)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated 
                under that subsection, the difference between the 
                amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall 
                be allocated by the President and apportioned and 
                allotted by account, program element, and project 
                pursuant to title 31, United States Code.

    (c) CHIPS for America International Technology Security and 
Innovation Fund.--
        (1) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
    United States a fund to be known as the ``Creating Helpful 
    Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America 
    International Technology Security and Innovation Fund'' (referred 
    to in this subsection as the ``Fund'') to provide for international 
    information and communications technology security and 
    semiconductor supply chain activities, including to support the 
    development and adoption of secure and trusted telecommunications 
    technologies, secure semiconductors, secure semiconductors supply 
    chains, and other emerging technologies and to carry out sections 
    9905 and 9202(a)(2) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4655 and 
    47 U.S.C. 906(a)(2)), as appropriate. Amounts in the Fund shall be 
    transferred by the Secretary of State to accounts within the 
    Department of State, the United States Agency for International 
    Development, the Export-Import Bank, and the United States 
    International Development Finance Corporation, as appropriate, to 
    be used for such purposes and under the terms and conditions of the 
    account to which transferred.
        (2) Appropriation.--
            (A) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such 
        purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in 
        subsection (c)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated--
                (i) for fiscal year 2023, $100,000,000, to remain 
            available until September 30, 2027;
                (ii) for fiscal year 2024, $100,000,000, to remain 
            available until September 30, 2028;
                (iii) for fiscal year 2025, $100,000,000, to remain 
            available until September 30, 2029;
                (iv) for fiscal year 2026, $100,000,000, to remain 
            available until September 30, 2030; and
                (v) for fiscal year 2027, $100,000,000, to remain 
            available until September 30, 2031.
            (B) Use.--In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary of 
        State may use up to $5,000,000 of the amounts made available in 
        each fiscal year for the Fund for salaries and expenses, 
        administration, and oversight purposes, of which $500,000 in 
        each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 shall be transferred to 
        the Office of Inspector General of the Department of State to 
        oversee expenditures under the Fund.
        (3) Allocation authority.--
            (A) Submission of cost estimates.--The President shall 
        submit to Congress detailed account, program, project, and 
        activity allocations of the full amount made available under 
        subsection (c)(2)--
                (i) for fiscal year 2023, not later than 90 days after 
            the date of enactment of this Act; and
                (ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, as 
            part of the annual budget submission of the President under 
            section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.
            (B) Alternate allocation.--
                (i) In general.--The Committees on Appropriations of 
            the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for 
            alternate allocation of amounts made available under 
            subsection (c)(2), including by account, program, project, 
            and activity.
                (ii) Allocation by president.--

                    (I) No alternate allocations.--If Congress has not 
                enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, 
                including by account, program, project, and activity, 
                by the date on which the Act making full-year 
                appropriations for the Department of State, Foreign 
                Operations, and Related Programs for the applicable 
                fiscal year is enacted into law, only then shall 
                amounts made available under subsection (c)(2) be 
                allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted 
                by account, program, project, and activity pursuant to 
                title 31, United States Code.
                    (II) Insufficient alternate allocation.--If 
                Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
                allocations, including by account, program, project, 
                and activity, for amounts made available under 
                subsection (c)(2) that are less than the full amount 
                appropriated under that subsection, the difference 
                between the amount appropriated and the alternate 
                allocation shall be allocated by the President and 
                apportioned and allotted by account, program, project, 
                and activity pursuant to title 31, United States Code.

    (d) Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) 
for America Workforce and Education Fund.--
        (1) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
    United States a fund to be known as the ``Creating Helpful 
    Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce 
    and Education Fund'' (referred to in this subsection as the 
    ``Fund'') for the National Science Foundation for microelectronics 
    workforce development activities to meet the requirements under 
    section 9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656).
        (2) Appropriation.--In addition to amounts otherwise available 
    for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in 
    subsection (d)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
    appropriated--
            (A) for fiscal year 2023, $25,000,000, to remain available 
        until expended;
            (B) for fiscal year 2024, $25,000,000, to remain available 
        until expended;
            (C) for fiscal year 2025, $50,000,000, to remain available 
        until expended;
            (D) for fiscal year 2026, $50,000,000, to remain available 
        until expended; and
            (E) for fiscal year 2027, $50,000,000, to remain available 
        until expended.
        (3) Allocation authority.--
            (A) Submission of cost estimates.--The President shall 
        submit to Congress detailed account, program, and project 
        allocations of the full amount made available under paragraph 
        (2)--
                (i) for fiscal year 2023, not later than 60 days after 
            the date of enactment of this Act; and
                (ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, as 
            part of the annual budget submission of the President under 
            section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.
            (B) Alternate allocation.--
                (i) In general.--The Committees on Appropriations of 
            the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for 
            alternate allocation of amounts made available under 
            paragraph (2), including by account, program, and project.
                (ii) Allocation by president.--

                    (I) No alternate allocations.--If Congress has not 
                enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, 
                including by account, program, and project, by the date 
                on which the Act making full-year appropriations for 
                the Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and 
                Related Agencies for the applicable fiscal year is 
                enacted into law, only then shall amounts made 
                available under subsection (d)(2) be allocated by the 
                President or apportioned or allotted by account, 
                program, and project pursuant to title 31, United 
                States Code.
                    (II) Insufficient alternate allocation.--If 
                Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
                allocations, including by account, program, and 
                project, for amounts made available under subsection 
                (d)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated 
                under that subsection, the difference between the 
                amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall 
                be allocated by the President and apportioned and 
                allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to 
                title 31, United States Code.

    (e) Sequestration.--Section 255(g)(1)(A) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)(1)(A)) is 
amended by inserting after ``Continuing Fund, Southwestern Power 
Administration (89-5649-0-2-271).'' the following:
            ``Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors 
        (CHIPS) for America Fund.
            ``Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors 
        (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund.
            ``Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors 
        (CHIPS) for America International Technology Security and 
        Innovation Fund.
            ``Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors 
        (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education Fund''.
    (f) Budgetary Effects.--
        (1) Statutory paygo scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
    section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained 
    pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 
    (2 U.S.C. 933(d)).
        (2) Senate paygo scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
    section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for 
    purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
        (3) Classification of budgetary effects.--Notwithstanding Rule 
    3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint 
    explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying 
    Conference Report 105-217 and section 250(c)(8) of the Balanced 
    Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary 
    effects of this section shall not be estimated--
            (A) for purposes of section 251 of such Act;
            (B) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee on 
        Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the Congressional 
        Budget Act of 1974; and
            (C) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of the 
        Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included in an 
        appropriation Act.
    (g) Limitation on Using Amounts for Stock Buybacks or the Payment 
of Dividends.--
        (1) In general.--A person receiving amounts appropriated under 
    this section or from a covered fund may not use such amounts, as 
    determined using the criteria for eligible uses of amounts under 
    sections 9902(a)(4) and 9905(a)(4) of the William M. (Mac) 
    Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
    (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(4), 15 U.S.C. 4655(a)(4)), the activities under 
    section 9903(b) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 4653(b)), and the functions 
    under 9906(c)(2) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 4656(c)(2)) --
            (A) to purchase an equity security that is listed on a 
        national securities exchange of such person or any parent 
        company of such person; or
            (B) to pay dividends or make other capital distributions 
        with respect to the common stock (or equivalent interest) of 
        the person.
        (2) Covered fund.--In this subsection, the term ``covered 
    fund'' means--
            (A) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce 
        Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund;
            (B) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce 
        Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund;
            (C) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce 
        Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America International Technology 
        Security and Innovation Fund; and
            (D) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce 
        Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education 
        Fund.
    SEC. 103. SEMICONDUCTOR INCENTIVES.
    (a) Definitions.--Section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4651) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2)--
            (A) by striking ``a private entity, a consortium of private 
        entities, or a consortium of public and private entities'' and 
        inserting ``a nonprofit entity, a private entity, a consortium 
        of private entities, or a consortium of nonprofit, public, and 
        private entities'';
            (B) by inserting ``production,'' before ``or research and 
        development''; and
            (C) by striking ``of semiconductors.'' and inserting ``of 
        semiconductors, materials used to manufacture semiconductors, 
        or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.'';
        (2) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9) as 
    paragraphs (6), (8), (9), (12), and (13), respectively;
        (3) by inserting after paragraph (4), the following:
        ``(5) The term `critical manufacturing industry'--
            ``(A) means an industry, industry group, or a set of 
        related industries or related industry groups--
                ``(i) assigned a North American Industry Classification 
            System code beginning with 31, 32, or 33; and
                ``(ii) for which the applicable industry group or 
            groups in the North American Industry Classification System 
            code cumulatively--

                    ``(I) manufacture primary products and parts, the 
                sum of which account for not less than 5 percent of the 
                manufacturing value added by industry gross domestic 
                product of the United States; and
                    ``(II) employ individuals for primary products and 
                parts manufacturing activities that, combined, account 
                for not less than 5 percent of manufacturing employment 
                in the United States; and

            ``(B) may include any other manufacturing industry 
        designated by the Secretary based on the relevance of the 
        manufacturing industry to the national and economic security of 
        the United States, including the impacts of job losses.''; and
        (4) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated, the 
    following:
        ``(7) The term `foreign country of concern' means--
            ``(A) a country that is a covered nation (as defined in 
        section 4872(d) of title 10 United States Code); and
            ``(B) any country that the Secretary, in consultation with 
        the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the 
        Director of National Intelligence, determines to be engaged in 
        conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign 
        policy of the United States.''; and
        (5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated, the 
    following:
        ``(10) The term `mature technology node' has the meaning given 
    the term by the Secretary.
        ``(11) The term `nonprofit entity' means an entity described in 
    section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt 
    from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.''.
    (b) Semiconductor Program.--Section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 
U.S.C. 4652) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
            (A) by striking ``for semiconductor fabrication'' and 
        inserting ``for the fabrication'';
            (B) by inserting ``production,'' before ``or research and 
        development''; and
            (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``of 
        semiconductors, materials used to manufacture semiconductors, 
        or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.''; and
        (2) in subsection (a)(2)--
            (A) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``; and'' at the 
        end;
            (B) in subparagraph (B)(ii)--
                (i) in subclause (III), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (ii) in subclause (IV), by striking the period at the 
            end and inserting a semicolon; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following:

                    ``(V) determined--

                        ``(aa) the type of semiconductor technology, 
                    equipment, materials, or research and development 
                    the covered entity will produce at the facility 
                    described in clause (i); and
                        ``(bb) the customers, or categories of 
                    customers, to which the covered entity plans to 
                    sell the semiconductor technology, equipment, 
                    materials, or research and development described in 
                    item (aa); and

                    ``(VI) documented, to the extent practicable, 
                workforce needs and developed a strategy to meet such 
                workforce needs consistent with the commitments 
                described in subclauses (II) and (III);''; and

            (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B)(ii) the following--
                ``(iii) with respect to the project described in clause 
            (i), the covered entity has an executable plan to identify 
            and mitigate relevant semiconductor supply chain security 
            risks, such as risks associated with access, availability, 
            confidentiality, integrity, and a lack of geographic 
            diversification in the covered entity's supply chain; and
                ``(iv) with respect to any project for the production, 
            assembly, or packaging of semiconductors, the covered 
            entity has implemented policies and procedures to combat 
            cloning, counterfeiting, and relabeling of semiconductors, 
            as applicable.'';
            (D) in subparagraph (C)--
                (i) in clause (i)--

                    (I) in subclause (II), by striking ``is in the 
                interest of the United States'' and inserting ``is in 
                the economic and national security interests of the 
                United States''; and
                    (II) in subclause (III), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;

                (ii) in clause (ii)(IV), by striking ``and'' at the 
            end;
                (iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (v); and
                (iv) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:
                ``(iii) the Secretary shall consider the type of 
            semiconductor technology produced by the covered entity and 
            whether that semiconductor technology advances the economic 
            and national security interests of the United States;
                ``(iv) the Secretary may not approve an application, 
            unless the covered entity provides a plan that does not use 
            Federal financial assistance to assist efforts to 
            physically relocate existing facility infrastructure to 
            another jurisdiction within the United States, unless the 
            project is in the interest of the United States; and'';
            (E) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); 
        and
            (F) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
            ``(D) Priority.--In awarding Federal financial assistance 
        to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary 
        shall--
                ``(i) give priority to ensuring that a covered entity 
            receiving financial assistance will--

                    ``(I) manufacture semiconductors necessary to 
                address gaps and vulnerabilities in the domestic supply 
                chain across a diverse range of technology and process 
                nodes; and
                    ``(II) provide a secure supply of semiconductors 
                necessary for the national security, manufacturing, 
                critical infrastructure, and technology leadership of 
                the United States and other essential elements of the 
                economy of the United States; and

                ``(ii) ensure that the assistance is awarded to covered 
            entities for both advanced and mature technology nodes to 
            meet the priorities described in clause (i).'';
        (3) in subsection (a)(4)(A), by striking ``used for 
    semiconductors'' and inserting ``used for the purposes'';
        (4) in subsection (a)(5)--
            (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``major'';
            (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``major''; and
            (C) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking ``major'';
        (5) by inserting after subsection (a)(5) the following:
        ``(6) Expansion clawback.--
            ``(A) Definition of legacy semiconductor.--
                ``(i) In general.--In this paragraph, the term `legacy 
            semiconductor'--

                    ``(I) includes--

                        ``(aa) a semiconductor technology that is of 
                    the 28 nanometer generation or older for logic;
                        ``(bb) with respect to memory technology, 
                    analog technology, packaging technology, and any 
                    other relevant technology, any legacy generation of 
                    semiconductor technology relative to the generation 
                    described in item (aa), as determined by the 
                    Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
                    Defense and the Director of National Intelligence; 
                    and
                        ``(cc) any additional semiconductor technology 
                    identified by the Secretary in a public notice 
                    issued under clause (ii); and

                    ``(II) does not include a semiconductor that is 
                critical to national security, as determined by the 
                Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
                Defense and the Director of National Intelligence.

                ``(ii) Updates.--Not later than 2 years after the date 
            of enactment of the CHIPS Act of 2022, and not less 
            frequently than once every 2 years thereafter for the 8-
            year period after the last award under this section is 
            made, the Secretary, after public notice and an opportunity 
            for comment and if applicable and necessary, shall issue a 
            public notice identifying any additional semiconductor 
            technology included in the meaning of the term `legacy 
            semiconductor' under clause (i).
                ``(iii) Functions of the secretary.--The functions of 
            the Secretary under this paragraph shall not be subject to 
            sections 551, 553 through 559, and 701 through 706 of title 
            5, United States Code.
                ``(iv) Consultation.--In carrying out clause (ii), the 
            Secretary shall consult with the Director of National 
            Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense.
                ``(v) Considerations.--In carrying out clause (ii), the 
            Secretary shall consider--

                    ``(I) state-of-the-art semiconductor technologies 
                in the United States and internationally, including in 
                foreign countries of concern; and
                    ``(II) consistency with export controls relating to 
                semiconductors.

            ``(B) Definition of semiconductor manufacturing.--In this 
        paragraph, the term `semiconductor manufacturing'--
                ``(i) has the meaning given the term by the Secretary, 
            in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the 
            Director of National Intelligence; and
                ``(ii) includes front-end semiconductor fabrication.
            ``(C) Required agreement.--
                ``(i) In general.--On or before the date on which the 
            Secretary awards Federal financial assistance to a covered 
            entity under this section, the covered entity shall enter 
            into an agreement with the Secretary specifying that, 
            during the 10-year period beginning on the date of the 
            award, subject to clause (ii), the covered entity may not 
            engage in any significant transaction, as defined in the 
            agreement, involving the material expansion of 
            semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the People's 
            Republic of China or any other foreign country of concern.
                ``(ii) Exceptions.--The prohibition in the agreement 
            required under clause (i) shall not apply to--

                    ``(I) existing facilities or equipment of a covered 
                entity for manufacturing legacy semiconductors; or
                    ``(II) significant transactions involving the 
                material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing 
                capacity that--

                        ``(aa) produces legacy semiconductors; and
                        ``(bb) predominately serves the market of a 
                    foreign country of concern.
                ``(iii) Affiliated group.--For the purpose of applying 
            the requirements in an agreement required under clause (i), 
            a covered entity shall include the covered entity receiving 
            financial assistance under this section, as well as any 
            member of the covered entity's affiliated group under 
            section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
            without regard to section 1504(b)(3) of such Code.
            ``(D) Notification requirements.--During the applicable 
        term of the agreement of a covered entity required under 
        subparagraph (C)(i), the covered entity shall notify the 
        Secretary of any planned significant transactions of the 
        covered entity involving the material expansion of 
        semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the People's Republic 
        of China or any other foreign country of concern.
            ``(E) Violation of agreement.--
                ``(i) Notification to covered entities.--Not later than 
            90 days after the date of receipt of a notification 
            described in subparagraph (D) from a covered entity, the 
            Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense 
            and the Director of National Intelligence, shall--

                    ``(I) determine whether the significant transaction 
                described in the notification would be a violation of 
                the agreement of the covered entity required under 
                subparagraph (C)(i); and
                    ``(II) notify the covered entity of the Secretary's 
                decision under subclause (I).

                ``(ii) Opportunity to remedy.--Upon a notification 
            under clause (i)(II) that a planned significant transaction 
            of a covered entity is a violation of the agreement of the 
            covered entity required under subparagraph (C)(i), the 
            Secretary shall--

                    ``(I) immediately request from the covered entity 
                tangible proof that the planned significant transaction 
                has ceased or been abandoned; and
                    ``(II) provide the covered entity 45 days to 
                produce and provide to the Secretary the tangible proof 
                described in subclause (I).

                ``(iii) Failure by the covered entity to cease or 
            remedy the activity.--Subject to clause (iv), if a covered 
            entity fails to remedy a violation as set forth under 
            clause (ii), the Secretary shall recover the full amount of 
            the Federal financial assistance provided to the covered 
            entity under this section.
                ``(iv) Mitigation.--If the Secretary, in consultation 
            with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National 
            Intelligence, determines that a covered entity planning a 
            significant transaction that would violate the agreement 
            required under subparagraph (C)(i) could take measures in 
            connection with the transaction to mitigate any risk to 
            national security, the Secretary--

                    ``(I) may negotiate, enter into, and enforce any 
                agreement or condition for the mitigation; and,
                    ``(II) waive the recovery requirement under clause 
                (iii).

            ``(F) Submission of records.--
                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary may request from a 
            covered entity records and other necessary information to 
            review the compliance of the covered entity with the 
            agreement required under subparagraph (C)(i).
                ``(ii) Eligibility.--In order to be eligible for 
            Federal financial assistance under this section, a covered 
            entity shall agree to provide records and other necessary 
            information requested by the Secretary under clause (i).
            ``(G) Confidentiality of records.--
                ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), any 
            information derived from records or necessary information 
            disclosed by a covered entity to the Secretary under this 
            section--

                    ``(I) shall be exempt from disclosure under section 
                552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code; and
                    ``(II) shall not be made public.

                ``(ii) Exceptions.--Clause (i) shall not prevent the 
            disclosure of any of the following by the Secretary:

                    ``(I) Information relevant to any administrative or 
                judicial action or proceeding.
                    ``(II) Information that a covered entity has 
                consented to be disclosed to third parties.
                    ``(III) Information necessary to fulfill the 
                requirement of the congressional notification under 
                subparagraph (H).

            ``(H) Congressional notification.--Not later than 60 days 
        after the date on which the Secretary finds a violation by a 
        covered entity of an agreement required under subparagraph 
        (C)(i), and after providing the covered entity with an 
        opportunity to provide information in response to that finding, 
        the Secretary shall provide to the appropriate Committees of 
        Congress--
                ``(i) a notification of the violation;
                ``(ii) a brief description of how the Secretary 
            determined the covered entity to be in violation; and
                ``(iii) a summary of any actions or planned actions by 
            the Secretary in response to the violation.
            ``(I) Regulations.--The Secretary may issue regulations 
        implementing this paragraph.''; and
        (6) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, in 
carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary should allocate funds in a 
manner that--
        ``(1) strengthens the security and resilience of the 
    semiconductor supply chain, including by mitigating gaps and 
    vulnerabilities;
        ``(2) provides a supply of secure semiconductors relevant for 
    national security;
        ``(3) strengthens the leadership of the United States in 
    semiconductor technology;
        ``(4) grows the economy of the United States and supports job 
    creation in the United States;
        ``(5) bolsters the semiconductor and skilled technical 
    workforces in the United States;
        ``(6) promotes the inclusion of economically disadvantaged 
    individuals and small businesses; and
        ``(7) improves the resiliency of the semiconductor supply 
    chains of critical manufacturing industries.
    ``(e) Additional Assistance for Mature Technology Nodes.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
    program established under subsection (a) an additional program that 
    provides Federal financial assistance to covered entities to 
    incentivize investment in facilities and equipment in the United 
    States for the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of 
    semiconductors at mature technology nodes.
        ``(2) Eligibility and requirements.--In order for an entity to 
    qualify to receive Federal financial assistance under this 
    subsection, the covered entity shall agree to--
            ``(A) submit an application under subsection (a)(2)(A);
            ``(B) meet the eligibility requirements under subsection 
        (a)(2)(B);
            ``(C)(i) provide equipment or materials for the 
        fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of semiconductors 
        at mature technology nodes in the United States; or
            ``(ii) fabricate, assemble using packaging, or test 
        semiconductors at mature technology nodes in the United States;
            ``(D) commit to using any Federal financial assistance 
        received under this section to increase the production of 
        semiconductors at mature technology nodes; and
            ``(E) be subject to the considerations described in 
        subsection (a)(2)(C).
        ``(3) Procedures.--In granting Federal financial assistance to 
    covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary may use the 
    procedures established under subsection (a).
        ``(4) Considerations.--In addition to the considerations 
    described in subsection (a)(2)(C), in granting Federal financial 
    assistance under this subsection, the Secretary may consider 
    whether a covered entity produces or supplies equipment or 
    materials used in the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging 
    of semiconductors at mature technology nodes that are necessary to 
    support a critical manufacturing industry.
        ``(5) Priority.--In awarding Federal financial assistance to 
    covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary shall give 
    priority to covered entities that support the resiliency of 
    semiconductor supply chains for critical manufacturing industries 
    in the United States.
        ``(6) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection 
    $2,000,000,000, which shall remain available until expended.
    ``(f) Construction Projects.--Section 602 of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3212) shall apply to a 
construction project that receives financial assistance from the 
Secretary under this section.
    ``(g) Loans and Loan Guarantees.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to the requirements of subsection 
    (a) and this subsection, the Secretary may make or guarantee loans 
    to covered entities as financial assistance under this section.
        ``(2) Conditions.--The Secretary may select eligible projects 
    to receive loans or loan guarantees under this subsection if the 
    Secretary determines that--
            ``(A) the covered entity--
                ``(i) has a reasonable prospect of repaying the 
            principal and interest on the loan; and
                ``(ii) has met such other criteria as may be 
            established and published by the Secretary; and
            ``(B) the amount of the loan (when combined with amounts 
        available to the loan recipient from other sources) will be 
        sufficient to carry out the project.
        ``(3) Reasonable prospect of repayment.--The Secretary shall 
    base a determination of whether there is a reasonable prospect of 
    repayment of the principal and interest on a loan under paragraph 
    (2)(A)(i) on a comprehensive evaluation of whether the covered 
    entity has a reasonable prospect of repaying the principal and 
    interest, including, as applicable, an evaluation of--
            ``(A) the strength of the contractual terms of the project 
        the covered entity plans to perform (if commercially reasonably 
        available);
            ``(B) the forecast of noncontractual cash flows supported 
        by market projections from reputable sources, as determined by 
        the Secretary;
            ``(C) cash sweeps and other structure enhancements;
            ``(D) the projected financial strength of the covered 
        entity--
                ``(i) at the time of loan close; and
                ``(ii) throughout the loan term after the project is 
            completed;
            ``(E) the financial strength of the investors and strategic 
        partners of the covered entity, if applicable;
            ``(F) other financial metrics and analyses that the private 
        lending community and nationally recognized credit rating 
        agencies rely on, as determined appropriate by the Secretary; 
        and
            ``(G) such other criteria the Secretary may determine 
        relevant.
        ``(4) Rates, terms, and repayments of loans.--A loan provided 
    under this subsection--
            ``(A) shall have an interest rate that does not exceed a 
        level that the Secretary determines appropriate, taking into 
        account, as of the date on which the loan is made, the cost of 
        funds to the Department of the Treasury for obligations of 
        comparable maturity; and
            ``(B) shall have a term of not more than 25 years.
        ``(5) Additional terms.--A loan or guarantee provided under 
    this subsection may include any other terms and conditions that the 
    Secretary determines to be appropriate.
        ``(6) Responsible lender.--No loan may be guaranteed under this 
    subsection, unless the Secretary determines that--
            ``(A) the lender is responsible; and
            ``(B) adequate provision is made for servicing the loan on 
        reasonable terms and protecting the financial interest of the 
        United States.
        ``(7) Advanced budget authority.--New loans may not be 
    obligated and new loan guarantees may not be committed to under 
    this subsection, unless appropriations of budget authority to cover 
    the costs of such loans and loan guarantees are made in advance in 
    accordance with section 504(b) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 
    1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c(b)).
        ``(8) Continued oversight.--The loan agreement for a loan 
    guaranteed under this subsection shall provide that no provision of 
    the loan agreement may be amended of waived without the consent of 
    the Secretary.
    ``(h) Oversight.--Not later than 4 years after disbursement of the 
first financial award under subsection (a), the Inspector General of 
the Department of Commerce shall audit the program under this section 
to assess--
        ``(1) whether the eligibility requirements for covered entities 
    receiving financial assistance under the program are met;
        ``(2) whether eligible entities use the financial assistance 
    received under the program in accordance with the requirements of 
    this section;
        ``(3) whether the covered entities receiving financial 
    assistance under this program have carried out the commitments made 
    to worker and community investment under subsection 
    (a)(2)(B)(ii)(II) by the target date for completion set by the 
    Secretary under subsection (a)(5)(A);
        ``(4) whether the required agreement entered into by covered 
    entities and the Secretary under subsection (a)(6)(C)(i), including 
    the notification process, has been carried out to provide covered 
    entities sufficient guidance about a violation of the required 
    agreement;
        ``(5) whether the Secretary has provided timely Congressional 
    notification about violations of the required agreement under 
    subsection (a)(6)(C)(i), including the required information on how 
    the Secretary reached a determination of whether a covered entity 
    was in violation under subsection (a)(6)(E); and
        ``(6) whether the Secretary has sufficiently reviewed any 
    covered entity engaging in a listed exception under subsection 
    (a)(6)(C)(ii).
    ``(i) Prohibition on Use of Funds.--No funds made available under 
this section may be used to construct, modify, or improve a facility 
outside of the United States.''.
    (c) Advanced Microelectronics Research and Development.--Section 
9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(3)(A)(ii)--
            (A) in subclause (II), by inserting ``, including for 
        technologies based on organic and inorganic materials'' after 
        ``components''; and
            (B) in subclause (V), by striking ``and supply chain 
        integrity'' and inserting ``supply chain integrity, and 
        workforce development'';
        (2) in subsection (c)--
            (A) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) by inserting ``and grow the domestic semiconductor 
            workforce'' after ``prototyping of advanced semiconductor 
            technology''; and
                (ii) by adding at the end the following: ``The 
            Secretary may make financial assistance awards, including 
            construction awards, in support of the national 
            semiconductor technology center.''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``and 
            capitalize'' before ``an investment fund''; and
                (ii) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the 
            following:
            ``(C) To work with the Secretary of Labor, the Director of 
        the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, the 
        private sector, institutions of higher education, and workforce 
        training entities to incentivize and expand geographically 
        diverse participation in graduate, undergraduate, and community 
        college programs relevant to microelectronics, including 
        through--
                ``(i) the development and dissemination of curricula 
            and research training experiences; and
                ``(ii) the development of workforce training programs 
            and apprenticeships in advanced microelectronic design, 
            research, fabrication, and packaging capabilities.'';
        (3) in subsection (d)--
            (A) by striking ``the Manufacturing USA institute'' and 
        inserting ``a Manufacturing USA institute''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following: ``The Director may 
        make financial assistance awards, including construction 
        awards, in support of the National Advanced Packaging 
        Manufacturing Program.'';
        (4) in subsection (f)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                (i) by striking ``a Manufacturing USA Institute'' and 
            inserting ``not more than 3 Manufacturing USA Institutes'';
                (ii) by striking ``is focused on semiconductor 
            manufacturing.'' and inserting ``are focused on 
            semiconductor manufacturing. The Secretary of Commerce may 
            award financial assistance to any Manufacturing USA 
            Institute for work relating to semiconductor 
            manufacturing.''; and
                (iii) by striking ``Such institute may emphasize'' and 
            inserting ``Such institutes may emphasize''; and
        (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Construction Projects.--Section 602 of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3212) shall apply to a 
construction project that receives financial assistance under this 
section.''.
    (d) Additional Authorities.--Division H of title XCIX of the 
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651 et seq.) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
``SEC. 9909. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.
    ``(a) In General.--In carrying out the responsibilities of the 
Department of Commerce under this division, the Secretary may--
        ``(1) enter into agreements, including contracts, grants and 
    cooperative agreements, and other transactions as may be necessary 
    and on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate;
        ``(2) make advance payments under agreements and other 
    transactions authorized under paragraph (1) without regard to 
    section 3324 of title 31, United States Code;
        ``(3) require a person or other entity to make payments to the 
    Department of Commerce upon application and as a condition for 
    receiving support through an award of assistance or other 
    transaction;
        ``(4) procure temporary and intermittent services of experts 
    and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, United 
    States Code;
        ``(5) notwithstanding section 3104 of title 5, United States 
    Code, or the provisions of any other law relating to the 
    appointment, number, classification, or compensation of employees, 
    make appointments of scientific, engineering, and professional 
    personnel, and fix the basic pay of such personnel at a rate to be 
    determined by the Secretary at rates not in excess of the highest 
    total annual compensation payable at the rate determined under 
    section 104 of title 3, United States Code, except that the 
    Secretary shall appoint not more than 25 personnel under this 
    paragraph;
        ``(6) with the consent of another Federal agency, enter into an 
    agreement with that Federal agency to use, with or without 
    reimbursement, any service, equipment, personnel, or facility of 
    that Federal agency; and
        ``(7) establish such rules, regulations, and procedures as the 
    Secretary considers appropriate.
    ``(b) Requirement.--Any funds received from a payment made by a 
person or entity pursuant to subsection (a)(3) shall be credited to and 
merged with the account from which support to the person or entity was 
made''.
    (e) Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents for division H of 
title XCIX of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283) is amended 
by adding after the item relating to section 9908 the following:
``9909. Additional authorities.''.
    SEC. 104. OPPORTUNITY AND INCLUSION.
    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish 
activities in the Department of Commerce, within the program 
established under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4652), to carry out this section using funds appropriated under this 
Act.
    (b) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce shall assign personnel 
to lead and support the activities carried out under this section, 
including coordination with other workforce development activities of 
the Department of Commerce or of Federal agencies, as defined in 
section 551 of title 5, United States Code, as appropriate.
    (c) Activities.--Personnel assigned by the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section shall--
        (1) assess the eligibility of a covered entity, as defined in 
    section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651), for 
    financial assistance for a project with respect to the requirements 
    under subclauses (II) and (III) of section 9902(a)(2)(B)(ii) of the 
    William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
    Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(2)(B)(ii)(II) and (III));
        (2) ensure that each covered entity, as defined in section 9901 
    of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
    Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651),that is awarded financial 
    assistance under section 9902 of that Act (15 U.S.C. 4652) is 
    carrying out the commitments of the covered entity to economically 
    disadvantaged individuals as described in the application of the 
    covered entity under that section by the target dates for 
    completion established by the Secretary of Commerce under 
    subsection(a)(5)(A) of that section; and
        (3) increase participation of and outreach to economically 
    disadvantaged individuals, minority-owned businesses, veteran-owned 
    businesses, and women-owned businesses, as defined by the Secretary 
    of Commerce, respectively, in the geographic area of a project 
    under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) and 
    serve as a resource for those individuals, businesses, and covered 
    entities.
    (d) Staff.--The activities under this section shall be staffed at 
the appropriate levels to carry out the functions and responsibilities 
under this section until 95 percent of the amounts of funds made 
available for the program established under section 9902 of the William 
M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) have been expended.
    (e) Report.--Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date on 
which the Secretary of Commerce establishes the activities described in 
subsection (c), the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress, as defined in section 9901(1) of 
the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651), and make publicly available on the 
website of the Department of Commerce an annual report regarding the 
actions taken by the Department of Commerce under this section.
    SEC. 105. ADDITIONAL GAO REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
    (a) NDAA.--Section 9902(c) of William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(c)) is 
amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                (i) in clause (i), by striking ``; and'' and inserting 
            a semicolon; and
                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(iii) the Federal Government could take specific 
            actions to address shortages in the semiconductor supply 
            chain, including--

                    ``(I) demand-side incentives, including incentives 
                related to the information and communications 
                technology supply chain; and
                    ``(II) additional incentives, at national and 
                global scales, to accelerate utilization of leading-
                edge semiconductor nodes to address shortages in mature 
                semiconductor nodes; and''; and

            (B) in subparagraph (C)--
                (i) in clause (iii), by striking ``; and'' and 
            inserting a semicolon; and
                (ii) by inserting after clause (iv) the following:
                ``(v) how projects are supporting the semiconductor 
            needs of critical infrastructure industries in the United 
            States, including those industries designated by the 
            Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency as 
            essential infrastructure industries; and''; and
        (2) by inserting after paragraph (1)(C)(iv) the following:
            ``(D) drawing on data made available by the Department of 
        Labor or other sources, to the extent practicable, an analysis 
        of--
                ``(i) semiconductor industry data regarding businesses 
            that are--

                    ``(I) majority owned and controlled by minority 
                individuals;
                    ``(II) majority owned and controlled by women; or
                    ``(III) majority owned and controlled by both women 
                and minority individuals;

                ``(ii) the number and amount of contracts and 
            subcontracts awarded by each covered entity using funds 
            made available under subsection (a) disaggregated by 
            recipients of each such contract or subcontracts that are 
            majority owned and controlled by minority individuals and 
            majority owned and controlled by women; and
                ``(iii) aggregated workforce data, including data by 
            race or ethnicity, sex, and job categories.''.
    (b) Department of Defense.--Section 9202(a)(1)(G)(ii)(I) of the 
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (47 U.S.C. 906(a)(1)(G)(ii)(I)) is amended by 
inserting ``(including whether recipients are majority owned and 
controlled by minority individuals and majority owned and controlled by 
women)'' after ``to whom''.
    SEC. 106. APPROPRIATIONS FOR WIRELESS SUPPLY CHAIN INNOVATION.
    (a) Direct Appropriations.--In addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Public 
Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund established under section 
9202(a)(1) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(1)), out of 
amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated--
        (1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, to remain available 
    until September 30, 2031; and
        (2) $1,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, to remain available 
    until September 30, 2032.
    (b) Use of Funds, Administration, and Oversight.--Of the amounts 
made available under subsection (a)--
        (1) not more than 5 percent of the amounts allocated pursuant 
    to subsection (c) in a given fiscal year may be used by the 
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information 
    to administer the programs funded from the Public Wireless Supply 
    Chain Innovation Fund; and
        (2) not less than $2,000,000 per fiscal year shall be 
    transferred to the Office of Inspector General of the Department of 
    Commerce for oversight related to activities conducted using 
    amounts provided under this section.
    (c) Allocation Authority.--
        (1) Submission of cost estimates.--The President shall submit 
    to Congress detailed account, program, and project allocations of 
    the amount recommended for allocation in a fiscal year from amounts 
    made available under subsection (a)--
            (A) for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, not later than 60 days 
        after the date of enactment of this Act; and
            (B) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2032, as part 
        of the annual budget submission of the President under section 
        1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.
        (2) Alternate allocation.--
            (A) In general.--The Committees on Appropriations of the 
        House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for 
        alternate allocation of amounts recommended for allocation in a 
        given fiscal year from amounts made available under subsection 
        (a), including by account, program, and project.
            (B) Allocation by president.--
                (i) No alternate allocations.--If Congress has not 
            enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, 
            including by account, program, and project, by the date on 
            which the Act making full-year appropriations for the 
            Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related 
            Agencies for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into 
            law, only then shall amounts recommended for allocation for 
            that fiscal year from amounts made available under 
            subsection (a) be allocated by the President or apportioned 
            or allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to 
            title 31, United States Code.
                (ii) Insufficient alternate allocation.--If Congress 
            enacts legislation establishing alternate allocations, 
            including by account, program, and project, for amounts 
            recommended for allocation in a given fiscal year from 
            amounts made available under subsection (a) that are less 
            than the full amount recommended for allocation for that 
            fiscal year, the difference between the amount recommended 
            for allocation and the alternate allocation shall be 
            allocated by the President and apportioned and allotted by 
            account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United 
            States Code.
    (d) Sequestration.--Section 255(g)(1)(A) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)(1)(A)) is 
amended by inserting after ``Postal Service Fund (18-4020-0-3-372).'' 
the following:
                ``Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund.''.
    (e) Budgetary Effects.--
        (1) Statutory paygo scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
    section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained 
    pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 
    2010.
        (2) Senate paygo scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
    section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for 
    purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
        (3) Classification of budgetary effects.--Notwithstanding Rule 
    3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint 
    explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying 
    Conference Report 105-217 and section 250(c)(8) of the Balanced 
    Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary 
    effects of this section shall not be estimated--
            (A) for purposes of section 251 of such Act;
            (B) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee on 
        Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the Congressional 
        Budget Act of 1974; and
            (C) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of the 
        Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included in an 
        appropriation Act.
    SEC. 107. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT CREDIT.
    (a) In General.--Subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after 
section 48C the following new section:
    ``SEC. 48D. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT CREDIT.
    ``(a) Establishment of Credit.--For purposes of section 46, the 
advanced manufacturing investment credit for any taxable year is an 
amount equal to 25 percent of the qualified investment for such taxable 
year with respect to any advanced manufacturing facility of an eligible 
taxpayer.
    ``(b) Qualified Investment.--
        ``(1) In general.--For purposes of subsection (a), the 
    qualified investment with respect to any advanced manufacturing 
    facility for any taxable year is the basis of any qualified 
    property placed in service by the taxpayer during such taxable year 
    which is part of an advanced manufacturing facility.
        ``(2) Qualified property.--
            ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, the 
        term `qualified property' means property--
                ``(i) which is tangible property,
                ``(ii) with respect to which depreciation (or 
            amortization in lieu of depreciation) is allowable,
                ``(iii) which is--

                    ``(I) constructed, reconstructed, or erected by the 
                taxpayer, or
                    ``(II) acquired by the taxpayer if the original use 
                of such property commences with the taxpayer, and

                ``(iv) which is integral to the operation of the 
            advanced manufacturing facility.
            ``(B) Buildings and structural components.--
                ``(i) In general.--The term `qualified property' 
            includes any building or its structural components which 
            otherwise satisfy the requirements under subparagraph (A).
                ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not apply with 
            respect to a building or portion of a building used for 
            offices, administrative services, or other functions 
            unrelated to manufacturing.
        ``(3) Advanced manufacturing facility.--For purposes of this 
    section, the term `advanced manufacturing facility' means a 
    facility for which the primary purpose is the manufacturing of 
    semiconductors or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
        ``(4) Coordination with rehabilitation credit.--The qualified 
    investment with respect to any advanced manufacturing facility for 
    any taxable year shall not include that portion of the basis of any 
    property which is attributable to qualified rehabilitation 
    expenditures (as defined in section 47(c)(2)).
        ``(5) Certain progress expenditure rules made applicable.--
    Rules similar to the rules of subsections (c)(4) and (d) of section 
    46 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the 
    Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990) shall apply for purposes of 
    subsection (a).
    ``(c) Eligible Taxpayer.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`eligible taxpayer' means any taxpayer which--
        ``(1) is not a foreign entity of concern (as defined in section 
    9901(6) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), and
        ``(2) has not made an applicable transaction (as defined in 
    section 50(a)) during the taxable year.
    ``(d) Elective Payment.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in paragraph 
    (2)(A), in the case of a taxpayer making an election (at such time 
    and in such manner as the Secretary may provide) under this 
    subsection with respect to the credit determined under subsection 
    (a) with respect to such taxpayer, such taxpayer shall be treated 
    as making a payment against the tax imposed by subtitle A (for the 
    taxable year with respect to which such credit was determined) 
    equal to the amount of such credit.
        ``(2) Special rules.--For purposes of this subsection--
            ``(A) Application to partnerships and s corporations.--
                ``(i) In general.--In the case of the credit determined 
            under subsection (a) with respect to any property held 
            directly by a partnership or S corporation, any election 
            under paragraph (1) shall be made by such partnership or S 
            corporation. If such partnership or S corporation makes an 
            election under such paragraph (in such manner as the 
            Secretary may provide) with respect to such credit--

                    ``(I) the Secretary shall make a payment to such 
                partnership or S corporation equal to the amount of 
                such credit,
                    ``(II) paragraph (3) shall be applied with respect 
                to such credit before determining any partner's 
                distributive share, or shareholder's pro rata share, of 
                such credit,
                    ``(III) any amount with respect to which the 
                election in paragraph (1) is made shall be treated as 
                tax exempt income for purposes of sections 705 and 
                1366, and
                    ``(IV) a partner's distributive share of such tax 
                exempt income shall be based on such partner's 
                distributive share of the otherwise applicable credit 
                for each taxable year.

                ``(ii) Coordination with application at partner or 
            shareholder level.--In the case of any property held 
            directly by a partnership or S corporation, no election by 
            any partner or shareholder shall be allowed under paragraph 
            (1) with respect to any credit determined under subsection 
            (a) with respect to such property.
            ``(B) Elections.--Any election under paragraph (1) shall be 
        made not later than the due date (including extensions of time) 
        for the return of tax for the taxable year for which the 
        election is made, but in no event earlier than 270 days after 
        the date of the enactment of this section. Any such election, 
        once made, shall be irrevocable. Except as otherwise provided 
        in this subparagraph, any election under paragraph (1) shall 
        apply with respect to any credit for the taxable year for which 
        the election is made.
            ``(C) Timing.--The payment described in paragraph (1) shall 
        be treated as made on the later of the due date (determined 
        without regard to extensions) of the return of tax for the 
        taxable year or the date on which such return is filed.
            ``(D) Treatment of payments to partnerships and s 
        corporations.--For purposes of section 1324 of title 31, United 
        States Code, the payments under subparagraph (A)(i)(I) shall be 
        treated in the same manner as a refund due from a credit 
        provision referred to in subsection (b)(2) of such section.
            ``(E) Additional information.--As a condition of, and prior 
        to, any amount being treated as a payment which is made by the 
        taxpayer under paragraph (1) or any payment being made pursuant 
        to subparagraph (A), the Secretary may require such information 
        or registration as the Secretary deems necessary or appropriate 
        for purposes of preventing duplication, fraud, improper 
        payments, or excessive payments under this section.
            ``(F) Excessive payment.--
                ``(i) In general.--In the case of any amount treated as 
            a payment which is made by the taxpayer under paragraph 
            (1), or any payment made pursuant to subparagraph (A), 
            which the Secretary determines constitutes an excessive 
            payment, the tax imposed on such taxpayer by chapter 1 for 
            the taxable year in which such determination is made shall 
            be increased by an amount equal to the sum of--

                    ``(I) the amount of such excessive payment, plus
                    ``(II) an amount equal to 20 percent of such 
                excessive payment.

                ``(ii) Reasonable cause.--Clause (i)(II) shall not 
            apply if the taxpayer demonstrates to the satisfaction of 
            the Secretary that the excessive payment resulted from 
            reasonable cause.
                ``(iii) Excessive payment defined.--For purposes of 
            this subparagraph, the term `excessive payment' means, with 
            respect to property for which an election is made under 
            this subsection for any taxable year, an amount equal to 
            the excess of--

                    ``(I) the amount treated as a payment which is made 
                by the taxpayer under paragraph (1), or the amount of 
                the payment made pursuant to subparagraph (A), with 
                respect to such property for such taxable year, over
                    ``(II) the amount of the credit which, without 
                application of this subsection, would be otherwise 
                allowable (determined without regard to section 38(c)) 
                under subsection (a) with respect to such property for 
                such taxable year.

        ``(3) Denial of double benefit.--In the case of a taxpayer 
    making an election under this subsection with respect to the credit 
    determined under subsection (a), such credit shall be reduced to 
    zero and shall, for any other purposes under this title, be deemed 
    to have been allowed to the taxpayer for such taxable year.
        ``(4) Mirror code possessions.--In the case of any possession 
    of the United States with a mirror code tax system (as defined in 
    section 24(k)), this subsection shall not be treated as part of the 
    income tax laws of the United States for purposes of determining 
    the income tax law of such possession unless such possession elects 
    to have this subsection be so treated.
        ``(5) Basis reduction and recapture.--Rules similar to the 
    rules of subsections (a) and (c) of section 50 shall apply with 
    respect to--
            ``(A) any amount treated as a payment which is made by the 
        taxpayer under paragraph (1), and
            ``(B) any payment made pursuant to paragraph (2)(A).
        ``(6) Regulations.--The Secretary shall issue such regulations 
    or other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out 
    the purposes of this subsection, including--
            ``(A) regulations or other guidance providing rules for 
        determining a partner's distributive share of the tax exempt 
        income described in paragraph (2)(A)(i)(III), and
            ``(B) guidance to ensure that the amount of the payment or 
        deemed payment made under this subsection is commensurate with 
        the amount of the credit that would be otherwise allowable 
        (determined without regard to section 38(c)).
    ``(e) Termination of Credit.--The credit allowed under this section 
shall not apply to property the construction of which begins after 
December 31, 2026.''.
    (b) Recapture in Connection With Certain Expansions.--
        (1) In general.--Section 50(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
    1986 is amended redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as 
    paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively, and by inserting after 
    paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
        ``(3) Certain expansions in connection with advanced 
    manufacturing facilities.--
            ``(A) In general.--If there is a an applicable transaction 
        by an applicable taxpayer before the close of the 10-year 
        period beginning on the date such taxpayer placed in service 
        investment credit property which is eligible for the advanced 
        manufacturing investment credit under section 48D(a), then the 
        tax under this chapter for the taxable year in which such 
        transaction occurs shall be increased by 100 percent of the 
        aggregate decrease in the credits allowed under section 38 for 
        all prior taxable years which would have resulted solely from 
        reducing to zero any credit determined under section 46 which 
        is attributable to the advanced manufacturing investment credit 
        under section 48D(a) with respect to such property.
            ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if the 
        applicable taxpayer demonstrates to the satisfaction of the 
        Secretary that the applicable transaction has been ceased or 
        abandoned within 45 days of a determination and notice by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(C) Regulations and guidance.--The Secretary shall issue 
        such regulations or other guidance as the Secretary determines 
        necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this 
        paragraph, including regulations or other guidance which 
        provide for requirements for recordkeeping or information 
        reporting for purposes of administering the requirements of 
        this paragraph.''.
        (2) Applicable transaction; applicable taxpayer.--Section 
    50(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as redesignated by 
    paragraph (1), is amended adding at the end the following new 
    subparagraphs:
            ``(D) Applicable transaction.--For purposes of this 
        subsection--
                ``(i) In general.--The term `applicable transaction' 
            means, with respect to any applicable taxpayer, any 
            significant transaction (as determined by the Secretary, in 
            coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the 
            Secretary of Defense) involving the material expansion of 
            semiconductor manufacturing capacity of such applicable 
            taxpayer in the People's Republic of China or a foreign 
            country of concern (as defined in section 9901(7) of the 
            William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
            Act for Fiscal Year 2021).
                ``(ii) Exception.--Such term shall not include a 
            transaction which primarily involves the expansion of 
            manufacturing capacity for legacy semiconductors (as 
            defined in section 9902(a)(6) of the William M. (Mac) 
            Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
            Year 2021).
            ``(E) Applicable taxpayer.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `applicable taxpayer' means any taxpayer 
        who has been allowed a credit under section 48D(a) for any 
        prior taxable year.''.
        (3) Conforming amendments.--
            (A) Section 50(a)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
        as redesignated by paragraph (1), is amended--
                (i) by inserting ``, or any applicable transaction to 
            which paragraph (3)(A) applies'' after ``paragraphs (1) and 
            (2)'', and
                (ii) by inserting ``or applicable transaction'' after 
            ``such cessation''.
            (B) Section 50(a)(6)(C) of such Code, as redesignated by 
        paragraph (1), is amended by striking ``paragraph (1) or (2)'' 
        and inserting ``paragraph (1), (2), or (3)''.
            (C) Section 1371(d)(1) of such Code is amended by striking 
        ``section 50(a)(4)'' and inserting ``section 50(a)(5)''.
    (c) Exemption of Elective Payments From Sequestration.--Subsection 
(d) of section 255 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Refundable Income Tax Credits and Certain Elective 
Payments.--
        ``(1) Refundable income tax credits.--Payments to individuals 
    made pursuant to provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
    establishing refundable tax credits shall be exempt from reduction 
    under any order issued under this part.
        ``(2) Certain elective payments.--Payments made to taxpayers 
    pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of section 48D of the 
    Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or amounts treated as payments which 
    are made by taxpayers under paragraph (1) of such subsection, shall 
    be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part.''.
    (d) Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Paragraph (6) of section 46 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
    1986 is amended to read as follows:
        ``(6) the advanced manufacturing investment credit.''.
        (2) Section 49(a)(1)(C) of such Code is amended--
            (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of clause (iv),
            (B) by striking the period at the end of clause (v) and 
        inserting ``, and'', and
            (C) by adding at the end the following new clause:
                ``(vi) the basis of any qualified property (as defined 
            in subsection (b)(2) of section 48D) which is part of an 
            advanced manufacturing facility (as defined in subsection 
            (b)(3) of such section).''.
        (3) Section 50(a)(2)(E) of such Code is amended by striking 
    ``or 48C(b)(2)'' and inserting ``48C(b)(2), or 48D(b)(5)''.
        (4) The table of sections for subpart E of part IV of 
    subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting 
    after the item relating to section 48C the following new item:
``Sec. 48D. Advanced manufacturing investment credit.''.

    (e) Budgetary Effects.--
        (1) Statutory paygo scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
    section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained 
    pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 
    (2 U.S.C. 933(d)).
        (2) Senate paygo scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
    section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for 
    purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
        (3) Classification of budgetary effects.--Notwithstanding Rule 
    3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint 
    explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying 
    Conference Report 105-217 and section 250(c)(8) of the Balanced 
    Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary 
    effects of this section shall not be estimated--
            (A) for purposes of section 251 of such Act;
            (B) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee on 
        Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the Congressional 
        Budget Act of 1974; and
            (C) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of the 
        Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included in an 
        appropriation Act.
    (f) Effective Date.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
    amendments made by this section shall apply to property placed in 
    service after December 31, 2022, and, for any property the 
    construction of which begins prior to January 1, 2023, only to the 
    extent of the basis thereof attributable to the construction, 
    reconstruction, or erection after the date of enactment of this 
    Act.
        (2) Exemption of elective payments from sequestration.--The 
    amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to any sequestration 
    order issued under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
    Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.) on or after December 31, 
    2022.

                  DIVISION B--RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

SEC. 10000. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
    The table of contents for this division is as follows:

                   DIVISION B--RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Sec. 10000. Table of contents.
Sec. 10001. Short title.
Sec. 10002. Definitions.
Sec. 10003. Budgetary effects.

          TITLE I--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE

Sec. 10101. Mission of the Office of Science.
Sec. 10102. Basic energy sciences program.
Sec. 10103. Biological and environmental research.
Sec. 10104. Advanced scientific computing research program.
Sec. 10105. Fusion energy research.
Sec. 10106. High energy physics program.
Sec. 10107. Nuclear physics program.
Sec. 10108. Science laboratories infrastructure program.
Sec. 10109. Accelerator research and development.
Sec. 10110. Isotope research, development, and production.
Sec. 10111. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
Sec. 10112. High intensity laser research initiative; helium 
          conservation program; Office of Science emerging biological 
          threat preparedness research initiative; midscale 
          instrumentation and research equipment program; authorization 
          of appropriations.
Sec. 10113. Established program to stimulate competitive research.
Sec. 10114. Research security.

 TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE

Sec. 10201. Definitions.

               Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

Sec. 10211. Authorization of appropriations.

                    Subtitle B--Measurement Research

Sec. 10221. Engineering biology and biometrology.
Sec. 10222. Greenhouse gas measurement research.
Sec. 10223. NIST authority for cybersecurity and privacy activities.
Sec. 10224. Software security and authentication.
Sec. 10225. Digital identity management research.
Sec. 10226. Biometrics research and testing.
Sec. 10227. Federal biometric performance standards.
Sec. 10228. Protecting research from cybersecurity theft.
Sec. 10229. Dissemination of resources for research institutions.
Sec. 10230. Advanced communications research.
Sec. 10231. Neutron scattering.
Sec. 10232. Artificial intelligence.
Sec. 10233. Sustainable chemistry research and education.
Sec. 10234. Premise plumbing research.
Sec. 10235. Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity Education Grant Program.

                     Subtitle C--General Activities

Sec. 10241. Educational outreach and support for underrepresented 
          communities.
Sec. 10242. Other transactions authority.
Sec. 10243. Report to Congress on collaborations with government 
          agencies.
Sec. 10244. Hiring critical technical experts.
Sec. 10245. International standards development.
Sec. 10246. Standard technical update.
Sec. 10247. GAO study of NIST research security policies and protocols.
Sec. 10248. Standards development organization grants.

        Subtitle D--Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership

Sec. 10251. Establishment of expansion awards pilot program as a part of 
          the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.
Sec. 10252. Update to Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.
Sec. 10253. National Supply Chain Database.
Sec. 10254. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership activities.
Sec. 10255. Amendment to the Hollings Manufacturing Extension 
          Partnership relating to institutions of higher education.

                  Subtitle E--Manufacturing USA Program

Sec. 10261. Supporting geographic diversity.
Sec. 10262. Expanding opportunities through the Manufacturing USA 
          Program.
Sec. 10263. Promoting domestic production of technologies developed 
          under Manufacturing USA Program.

          TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE

                     Subtitle A--Preliminary Matters

Sec. 10301. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 10302. Definitions.
Sec. 10303. Authorization of appropriations.

                       Subtitle B--STEM Education

Sec. 10311. PreK-12 STEM education.
Sec. 10312. Undergraduate STEM education.
Sec. 10313. Graduate STEM education.
Sec. 10314. STEM workforce data.
Sec. 10315. Cyber workforce development research and development.
Sec. 10316. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program.
Sec. 10317. Cybersecurity workforce data initiative.
Sec. 10318. Microelectronics workforce development activities.
Sec. 10319. Incorporation of art and design into certain STEM education.
Sec. 10320. Mandatory cost-sharing.
Sec. 10321. Programs to address the STEM workforce.

                  Subtitle C--Broadening Participation

Sec. 10321. Presidential awards for excellence in mathematics and 
          science.
Sec. 10322. Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship program update.
Sec. 10323. NSF Eddie Bernice Johnson INCLUDES Initiative.
Sec. 10324. Broadening participation on major facilities awards.
Sec. 10325. Expanding geographic and institutional diversity in 
          research.
Sec. 10326. Diversity in tech research.
Sec. 10327. Chief Diversity Officer of the NSF.
Sec. 10328. Research and dissemination to increase the participation of 
          women and underrepresented minorities in STEM fields.
Sec. 10329. Activities to expand STEM opportunities.
Sec. 10330. Intramural emerging research institutions pilot program.

                    Subtitle D--NSF Research Security

Sec. 10331. Office of Research Security and Policy.
Sec. 10332. Chief of Research Security.
Sec. 10333. Reporting to Congress.
Sec. 10334. Online resource.
Sec. 10335. Research awards.
Sec. 10336. Authorities.
Sec. 10337. Responsible conduct in research training.
Sec. 10338. Research security and integrity information sharing analysis 
          organization.
Sec. 10339. Plan with respect to controlled information and background 
          screening.
Sec. 10339A. Foundation funding to institutions hosting or supporting 
          Confucius Institutes.
Sec. 10339B. Foreign financial support.
Sec. 10339C. Authorization of appropriations.

                    Subtitle E--Fundamental Research

Sec. 10341. Broader impacts.
Sec. 10342. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 10343. Research ethics.
Sec. 10344. Research reproducibility and replicability.
Sec. 10345. Climate change research.
Sec. 10346. Social, behavioral, and economic sciences.
Sec. 10347. Measuring impacts of Federally funded research and 
          development.
Sec. 10348. Food-energy-water research.
Sec. 10349. Biological Field Stations and Marine Laboratories.
Sec. 10350. Sustainable chemistry research and education.
Sec. 10351. Risk and resilience research.
Sec. 10352. Unmanned aircraft systems technologies.
Sec. 10353. Accelerating unmanned maritime systems technologies.
Sec. 10354. Leveraging international expertise in research.
Sec. 10355. Biological research collections.
Sec. 10356. Clean water research and technology acceleration.
Sec. 10357. Technology and behavioral science research.
Sec. 10358. Manufacturing research amendment.
Sec. 10359. Critical minerals mining research and development.
Sec. 10360. Study of AI research capacity.
Sec. 10361. Advancing IoT for Precision Agriculture Capabilities Act.
Sec. 10362. Astronomy and satellite constellations.
Sec. 10363. Research on the impact of inflation.
Sec. 10364. Microgravity utilization policy.
Sec. 10365. Recognition of the Arecibo Observatory.

                   Subtitle F--Research Infrastructure

Sec. 10371. Facility operation and maintenance.
Sec. 10372. Reviews.
Sec. 10373. Helium conservation.
Sec. 10374. Advanced computing.
Sec. 10375. National secure data service.

  Subtitle G--Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships

Sec. 10381. Establishment.
Sec. 10382. Purposes.
Sec. 10383. Activities.
Sec. 10384. Requirements.
Sec. 10385. Assistant Director.
Sec. 10386. Advisory committee.
Sec. 10387. Challenges and focus areas.
Sec. 10388. Regional Innovation Engines.
Sec. 10389. Translation accelerator.
Sec. 10390. Test beds.
Sec. 10391. Planning and capacity building awards.
Sec. 10392. Entrepreneurial fellowships.
Sec. 10393. Scholarships and fellowships.
Sec. 10394. Research and development awards.
Sec. 10395. Scaling innovations in PreK-12 STEM education.
Sec. 10396. Authorities.
Sec. 10397. Coordination of activities.
Sec. 10398. Ethical, legal, and societal considerations.
Sec. 10399. Reports and roadmaps.
Sec. 10399A. Evaluation.

                  Subtitle H--Administrative Amendments

Sec. 10399D. Supporting veterans in STEM careers.
Sec. 10399E. Sunshine Act compliance.
Sec. 10399F. Science and engineering indicators report submission.

              TITLE IV--BIOECONOMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Sec. 10401. Definitions.
Sec. 10402. National engineering biology research and development 
          initiative.
Sec. 10403. Initiative coordination.
Sec. 10404. Advisory committee on engineering biology research and 
          development.
Sec. 10405. External review of ethical, legal, environmental, safety, 
          security, and societal issues.
Sec. 10406. Agency activities.
Sec. 10407. Rule of construction.

              TITLE V--BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE

                     Subtitle A--STEM Opportunities

Sec. 10501. Federal research agency policies for caregivers.
Sec. 10502. Collection and reporting of data on federal research awards.
Sec. 10503. Policies for review of Federal research awards.
Sec. 10504. Collection of data on demographics of faculty.
Sec. 10505. Cultural and institutional barriers to expanding the 
          academic and Federal STEM workforce.
Sec. 10506. Existing activities.
Sec. 10507. Report to Congress.
Sec. 10508. Merit review.
Sec. 10509. Determination of budgetary effects.
Sec. 10510. Definition.

                Subtitle B--Rural STEM Education Research

Sec. 10511. Definition.
Sec. 10512. National Science Foundation rural STEM activities.
Sec. 10513. Opportunities for online education.
Sec. 10514. National Academies evaluation.
Sec. 10515. GAO review.
Sec. 10516. NIST engagement with rural communities.

                    Subtitle C--MSI STEM Achievement

Sec. 10521. GAO review.
Sec. 10522. Agency responsibilities.
Sec. 10523. Research at the National Science Foundation.
Sec. 10524. Capacity-building program for developing universities.
Sec. 10525. Tribal Colleges and Universities program.
Sec. 10526. Definitions.

           Subtitle D--Combating Sexual Harassment in Science

Sec. 10531. Findings.
Sec. 10532. Purpose.
Sec. 10533. Definition.
Sec. 10534. Research awards.
Sec. 10535. Responsible Conduct Guide.
Sec. 10536. Interagency working group.
Sec. 10537. National Academies assessment.
Sec. 10538. GAO study.
Sec. 10539. Authorization of appropriations.

        TITLE VI--MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS

             Subtitle A--Supporting Early-career Researchers

Sec. 10601. Early-career research fellowship program.
Sec. 10602. Authorization of appropriations.

          Subtitle B--National Science and Technology Strategy

Sec. 10611. National science and technology strategy.
Sec. 10612. Strategy and report on the Nation's economic security, 
          science, research, and innovation to support the national 
          security strategy.
Sec. 10613. Quadrennial science and technology review.

                     Subtitle C--Regional Innovation

Sec. 10621. Regional innovation capacity.
Sec. 10622. Regional Clean Energy Innovation Program.

                      Subtitle D--Research Security

Sec. 10631. Requirements for foreign talent recruitment programs.
Sec. 10632. Malign foreign talent recruitment program prohibition.
Sec. 10633. Review of contracts and agreements.
Sec. 10634. Research security training requirement for Federal research 
          award personnel.
Sec. 10635. Research funds accounting.
Sec. 10636. Person or entity of concern prohibition.
Sec. 10637. Nondiscrimination.
Sec. 10638. Definitions.

   Subtitle E--Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation

Sec. 10641. Short title.
Sec. 10642. Purposes.
Sec. 10643. Definitions.
Sec. 10644. Interagency working group.
Sec. 10645. Strategic research plan.
Sec. 10646. NOAA ocean acidification activities.
Sec. 10647. NSF ocean acidification activities.
Sec. 10648. NASA ocean acidification activities.
Sec. 10649. Authorization of appropriations.

                  Subtitle F--Interagency Working Group

Sec. 10651. Interagency working group.

            Subtitle G--Quantum Networking and Communications

Sec. 10661. Quantum networking and communications.

                    Subtitle H--Blockchain Specialist

Sec. 10671. Establishment of blockchain and cryptocurrency specialist 
          position within OSTP.

       Subtitle I--Partnerships for Energy Security and Innovation

Sec. 10691. Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation.

               Subtitle J--Energizing Technology Transfer

Sec. 10701. Definitions.

       PART 1--National Clean Energy Technology Transfer Programs

Sec. 10713. National clean energy incubator program.
Sec. 10714. Clean energy technology university prize competition.
Sec. 10715. Clean energy technology transfer coordination.

 PART 2--Supporting Technology Development at the National Laboratories

Sec. 10716. Lab partnering service pilot program.
Sec. 10717. Lab-embedded entrepreneurship program.
Sec. 10718. Small business voucher program.
Sec. 10719. Entrepreneurial leave program.
Sec. 10720. National Laboratory non-Federal employee outside employment 
          authority.

               PART 3--Department of Energy Modernization

Sec. 10722. Office of Technology Transitions.
Sec. 10723. Management of Department of Energy demonstration projects.
Sec. 10724. Streamlining prize competitions.
Sec. 10725. Cost-share waiver extension.
Sec. 10726. Special hiring authority for scientific, engineering, and 
          project management personnel.
Sec. 10727. Technology transfer reports and evaluation.

                          Subtitle K--Micro Act

Sec. 10731. Microelectronics research for energy innovation.

    Subtitle L--National Nuclear University Research Infrastructure 
                              Reinvestment

Sec. 10741. Short title.
Sec. 10742. Purposes.
Sec. 10743. University infrastructure collaboration.
Sec. 10744. Advanced nuclear research infrastructure enhancement 
          subprogram.
Sec. 10745. Science education and human resources scholarships, 
          fellowships, and research and development projects.

    Subtitle M--Steel Upgrading Partnerships and Emissions Reduction

Sec. 10751. Low-emissions steel manufacturing research program.

    Subtitle N--Applied Laboratories Infrastructure Restoration and 
                              Modernization

Sec. 10761. Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and 
          modernization.

      Subtitle O--Department of Energy Research, Development, and 
                        Demonstration Activities

Sec. 10771. Department of Energy research, development, and 
          demonstration activities.

                   Subtitle P--Fission for the Future

Sec. 10781. Advanced nuclear technologies Federal research, development, 
          and demonstration program.

 TITLE VII--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION AUTHORIZATION 
                                   ACT

Sec. 10801. Short title.
Sec. 10802. Definitions.

                         Subtitle A--Exploration

Sec. 10811. Moon to Mars.
Sec. 10812. Space Launch System configurations.
Sec. 10813. Rocket engine test infrastructure.
Sec. 10814. Pearl River maintenance.
Sec. 10815. Extension and modification relating to International Space 
          Station.
Sec. 10816. Priorities for International Space Station.
Sec. 10817. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions.

                           Subtitle B--Science

Sec. 10821. Science priorities.
Sec. 10822. Search for life.
Sec. 10823. Next generation of astrophysics great observatories.
Sec. 10824. Earth science missions and programs.
Sec. 10825. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.

                         Subtitle C--Aeronautics

Sec. 10831. Experimental aircraft projects.
Sec. 10832. Unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 10833. Cleaner, quieter airplanes.

                      Subtitle D--Space Technology

Sec. 10841. Space nuclear capabilities.
Sec. 10842. Prioritization of low-enriched uranium technology.

                       Subtitle E--STEM Engagement

Sec. 10851. Office of STEM Engagement.

                        Subtitle F--Miscellaneous

Sec. 10861. Program, workforce, and industrial base reviews.
Sec. 10862. Modification of lease of non-excess property.
SEC. 10001. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act''.
SEC. 10002. DEFINITIONS.
    In this division:
        (1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
    intelligence'' or ``AI'' has the meaning given such term in section 
    5002 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 9401).
        (2) Awardee.--The term ``awardee'' means the legal entity to 
    which Federal assistance is awarded and that is accountable to the 
    Federal Government for the use of the funds provided.
        (3) Award personnel.--The term ``award personnel'' means 
    principal investigators and co-principal investigators, faculty, 
    postdoctoral researchers, and other employees supported by a grant, 
    cooperative agreement, or contract under Federal law.
        (4) Biomanufacturing.--The term ``biomanufacturing'' means the 
    utilization of biological systems to develop new and advance 
    existing products, tools, and processes at commercial scale.
        (5) Emerging research institution.--The term ``emerging 
    research institution'' means an institution of higher education 
    with an established undergraduate or graduate program that has less 
    than $50,000,000 in Federal research expenditures.
        (6) Engineering biology.--The term ``engineering biology'' 
    means the application of engineering design principles and 
    practices to biological systems, including molecular and cellular 
    systems, to advance fundamental understanding of complex natural 
    systems and to enable novel or optimize functions and capabilities.
        (7) EPSCoR.--The term ``EPSCoR'' has the meaning given the term 
    in section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 
    (42 U.S.C. 1862p note).
        (8) EPSCoR institution.--The term ``EPSCoR institution'' means 
    an institution of higher education, nonprofit organization, or 
    other institution located in a jurisdiction eligible to participate 
    in the program under section 113 of the National Science Foundation 
    Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1862g).
        (9) Federal laboratory.--The term ``Federal laboratory'' has 
    the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler 
    Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
        (10) Federal research agency.--The term ``Federal research 
    agency'' means any Federal agency with an annual extramural 
    research expenditure of over $100,000,000 in fiscal year 2022 
    constant dollars.
        (11) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' means the National 
    Science Foundation.
        (12) Historically black college and university.--The term 
    ``historically Black college and university'' has the meaning given 
    the term ``part B institution'' in section 322 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
        (13) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution 
    of higher education'' has the meaning given the term in section 
    101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
        (14) Interagency working group on inclusion in stem.--The term 
    ``interagency working group on inclusion in STEM'' means the 
    interagency working group established by section 308 of the 
    American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6626).
        (15) Labor organization.--The term ``labor organization'' has 
    the meaning given the term in section 2(5) of the National Labor 
    Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 152(5)), except that such term shall also 
    include--
            (A) any organization composed of labor organizations, such 
        as a labor union federation or a State or municipal labor body; 
        and
            (B) any organization which would be included in the 
        definition for such term under such section 2(5) but for the 
        fact that the organization represents--
                (i) individuals employed by the United States, any 
            wholly owned Government corporation, any Federal Reserve 
            Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof;
                (ii) individuals employed by persons subject to the 
            Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.); or
                (iii) individuals employed as agricultural laborers.
        (16) Low-income individual.--The term ``low-income individual'' 
    means an individual from a family whose taxable income for the 
    preceding year did not exceed 150 percent of an amount equal to the 
    poverty level determined by using criteria of poverty established 
    by the Bureau of the Census.
        (17) Manufacturing extension center.--The term ``manufacturing 
    extension center'' has the meaning given the term ``Center'' in 
    section 25(a) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(a)).
        (18) Manufacturing usa institute.--The term ``Manufacturing USA 
    institute'' means a Manufacturing USA institute described in 
    section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).
        (19) Minority-serving institution.--The term ``minority-serving 
    institution'' means a Hispanic-serving institution as defined in 
    section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
    1101a(a)); an Alaska Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-
    serving institution as defined in section 317(b) of such Act (20 
    U.S.C. 1059d(b)); or a Predominantly Black institution, Asian 
    American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution, 
    or Native American-serving nontribal institution as defined in 
    section 371(c) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1067q(c)).
        (20) National academies.--The term ``National Academies'' means 
    the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
        (21) Non-profit organization.--The term ``non-profit 
    organization'' means an organization which is described in section 
    501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax 
    under section 501(a) of such code.
        (22) Prek-12.--The term ``PreK-12'' means pre-kindergarten 
    through grade 12.
        (23) Quantum information science.--The term ``quantum 
    information science'' has the meaning given such term in section 2 
    of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801).
        (24) Recipient.--The term ``recipient'' means an entity, 
    usually a non-Federal entity, that receives a Federal award 
    directly from a Federal research agency. The term ``recipient'' 
    does not include entities that receive subawards or individuals 
    that are the beneficiaries of the award.
        (25) Research and development award.--The term ``research and 
    development award'' means support provided to an individual or 
    entity by a Federal research agency to carry out research and 
    development activities, which may include support in the form of a 
    grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other such transaction. 
    The term does not include a grant, contract, agreement or other 
    transaction for the procurement of goods or services to meet the 
    administrative needs of a Federal research agency.
        (26) Skilled technical work.--The term ``skilled technical 
    work'' means an occupation that requires a high level of knowledge 
    in a technical domain and does not require a bachelor's degree for 
    entry.
        (27) Stem.--The term ``STEM'' means science, technology, 
    engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.
        (28) Stem education.--The term ``STEM education'' has the 
    meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 
    2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note).
        (29) Technical standard.--The term ``technical standard'' has 
    the meaning given such term in section 12(d)(5) of the National 
    Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
    note).
        (30) Tribal college or university.--The term ``Tribal College 
    or University'' has the meaning given such term in section 316 of 
    the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).
SEC. 10003. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
    (a) Statutory Paygo Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained 
pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 
U.S.C. 933(d)).
    (b) Senate Paygo Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for 
purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
    (c) Classification of Budgetary Effects.--Notwithstanding Rule 3 of 
the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint explanatory 
statement of the committee of conference accompanying Conference Report 
105-217 and section 250(c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this division 
shall not be estimated--
        (1) for purposes of section 251 of such Act;
        (2) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee on 
    Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the Congressional 
    Budget Act of 1974; and
        (3) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of the 
    Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included in an 
    appropriation Act.

          TITLE I--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE

SEC. 10101. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.
    Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) User Facilities.--The Director shall carry out the 
construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to support 
the mission described in subsection (c). As practicable, these 
facilities shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the 
academic community, and other relevant entities for the purposes of 
advancing the missions of the Department, improving the competitiveness 
of the United States, protecting public health and safety, and 
addressing other national priorities including emergencies.
    ``(e) Coordination.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary--
            ``(A) shall ensure the coordination of the Office of 
        Science with the other activities of the Department, including 
        the transfer of knowledge, capabilities, and relevant 
        technologies from basic research programs of the Department to 
        applied research and development programs of the Department for 
        the purpose of enabling development of mission-relevant 
        technologies;
            ``(B) shall support joint activities among the programs of 
        the Department;
            ``(C) shall coordinate with other relevant Federal agencies 
        operating under existing authorizations relating to subjects 
        relating to the mission described in subsection (c) in 
        supporting advancements in related research areas as 
        appropriate; and
            ``(D) may form partnerships to enhance the utilization of 
        and ensure access to user facilities by other Federal agencies.
        ``(2) Office of science.--The Director--
            ``(A) shall ensure the coordination of programs and 
        activities carried out by the Office of Science; and
            ``(B) shall direct all programs which have not recently 
        completed a future planning roadmap consistent with the funding 
        of such programs authorized under the Research and Development, 
        Competition, and Innovation Act to complete such a roadmap.''.
SEC. 10102. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.
    (a) Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.--Section 303 
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18641) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as subsections 
    (c) through (g), respectively;
        (2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated, the 
    following:
    ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research and development program in basic 
energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical 
sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to 
understand, model, and control matter and energy at the electronic, 
atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for 
new energy technologies, address scientific grand challenges, and 
support the energy, environment, and national security missions of the 
Department.
    ``(b) Sustainable Chemistry.--In carrying out chemistry-related 
research and development activities under this section, the Director 
shall prioritize research and development of sustainable chemistry to 
support clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies to 
traditional chemical products and processes.'';
        (3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
            (A) in paragraph (3)--
                (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the 
            end;
                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph 
            (E); and
                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
            following:
            ``(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis and 
        characterization facilities that leverage advances in 
        artificial intelligence; and''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
            ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate of flow of 
            photons.
                ``(ii) Hard x-ray.--The term `hard x-ray' means a 
            photon with energy greater than 20 kiloelectron volts.
            ``(B) Upgrade.--The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade 
        to the Advanced Photon Source described in the publication 
        approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
        June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on Facility Upgrades', including 
        the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a 
        high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy 
        region and a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs 
        before March 31, 2026.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph 
        $14,200,000 for fiscal year 2023.
        ``(5) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.
            ``(B) Proton power upgrade defined.--In this paragraph, the 
        term `proton power upgrade' means the Spallation Neutron Source 
        power upgrade described in--
                ``(i) the publication entitled `Facilities for the 
            Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the 
            Office of Science of the Department in December, 2003;
                ``(ii) the publication entitled `Four Years Later: An 
            Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
            Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the Office of Science of 
            the Department in August, 2007; and
                ``(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy 
            Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled 
            `Report on Facility Upgrades'.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs 
        before July 30, 2028, with the option for early operation in 
        2025.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph--
                ``(i) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $14,202,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                ``(iii) $1,567,000 for fiscal year 2025.
        ``(6) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a second 
        target station for the Spallation Neutron Source.
            ``(B) Second target station defined.--In this paragraph, 
        the term `second target station' means the Spallation Neutron 
        Source second target station described in--
                ``(i) the publication entitled, `Facilities for the 
            Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the 
            Office of Science of the Department in December, 2003;
                ``(ii) the publication entitled, `Four Years Later: An 
            Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
            Twenty-Year Outlook', published by the Office of Science of 
            the Department in August, 2007; and
                ``(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy 
            Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled 
            `Report on Facility Upgrades'.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the second target station under this 
        paragraph occurs before December 31, 2033, with the option for 
        early operation in 2029.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
        paragraph, including construction--
                ``(i) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $205,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                ``(v) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
        ``(7) Advanced light source upgrade.--
            ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate of flow of 
            photons.
                ``(ii) Soft x-ray.--The term `soft x-ray' means a 
            photon with energy in the range from 50 to 2,000 electron 
            volts.
            ``(B) Upgrade.--The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade 
        to the Advanced Light Source described in the publication 
        approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
        June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on Facility Upgrades', including 
        the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a 
        high flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy 
        region.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs 
        before September 30, 2029.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
        paragraph--
                ``(i) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                ``(iv) $1,400,000 for fiscal year 2026.
        ``(8) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
            ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                ``(i) High energy.--The term `high energy', with 
            respect to an x-ray, means a photon with an energy in the 5 
            to 13 kiloelectron volt range.
                ``(ii) High repetition rate.--The term `high repetition 
            rate' means the delivery of x-ray pulses up to 1,000,000 
            pulses per second.
                ``(iii) Ultra-short pulse.--The term `ultra-short 
            pulse', with respect to an x-ray, means that the x-ray has 
            bursts capable of durations of less than 100 femtoseconds.
            ``(B) Upgrade.--The Secretary shall--
                ``(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent 
            Light Source II facility described in the publication 
            approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
            June 9, 2016, entitled `Report on Facility Upgrades', 
            including the development of experimental capabilities for 
            high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific 
            discoveries; and
                ``(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the production and 
            use of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a 
            high repetition rate.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs 
        before December 31, 2026.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
        paragraph--
                ``(i) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                ``(iv) $99,343,000 for fiscal year 2026.
        ``(9) Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance facility to 
        service the Linac Coherent Light Source II and subsequent 
        upgrades.
            ``(B) Consultation required.--The Secretary shall consult 
        with the private sector, institutions of higher education, 
        National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
        that the facility described in subparagraph (A) has the 
        capability to maintain, repair, and test superconducting radio 
        frequency accelerator components.
            ``(C) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
        paragraph--
                ``(i) $29,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                ``(iv) $15,700,000 for fiscal year 2026.
        ``(10) Nanoscale science research center recapitalization 
    project.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, to 
        include the upgrade of equipment at each Center supported by 
        the Office of Science on the date of enactment of the Research 
        and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, to accelerate 
        advances in the various fields of science including 
        nanoscience, materials, chemistry, biology, and quantum 
        information science.
            ``(B) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out the recapitalization under this 
        paragraph--
                ``(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
                ``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.
        ``(11) National synchrotron light source ii beamline 
    buildout.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        development and construction of experimental stations to 
        provide significant additional beamline and instrument 
        capacity, complement the existing portfolio of beamlines, and 
        complete the buildout of the National Synchrotron Light Source 
        II.
            ``(B) Start of operations.--Subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, the Secretary--
                ``(i) shall begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not 
            later than September 30, 2036; and
                ``(ii) may begin carrying out subparagraph (A)--

                    ``(I) in calendar year 2033; or
                    ``(II) after the construction of individual 
                beamlines is complete.''; and

        (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support a program of 
    research and development for the application of advanced computing 
    practices to foundational and emerging research problems in 
    chemistry and materials science. Research activities shall 
    include--
            ``(A) chemical catalysis research and development;
            ``(B) the use of large data sets to model materials 
        phenomena, including through advanced characterization of 
        materials, materials synthesis, processing, and innovative use 
        of experimental and theoretical data;
            ``(C) codesign of chemical system and chemistry modeling 
        software with advanced computing systems and hardware 
        technologies; and
            ``(D) modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, and 
        reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, 
        including through novel computing methods.
        ``(2) Computational materials and chemical sciences centers.--
            ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
        authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and 
        establish up to 6 computational materials and chemical sciences 
        centers to--
                ``(i) develop open-source, robust, and validated 
            computational codes and user-friendly software, coupled 
            with innovative use of experimental and theoretical data, 
            to enable the design, discovery, and development of new 
            materials and chemical systems; and
                ``(ii) focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing 
            the benefits of exascale and other high performance 
            computing underpinned by accelerated node technologies.
            ``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select centers under 
        subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The 
        Director shall consider applications from the National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
        institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
            ``(C) Duration.--
                ``(i) New centers.--A center selected under 
            subparagraph (A) shall receive support for a period of not 
            more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of 
            that center, subject to the availability of appropriations.
                ``(ii) Existing centers.--A center already in existence 
            on the date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
            Competition, and Innovation Act may continue to receive 
            support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on 
            the date of establishment of that center.
            ``(D) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of 
        support of a center under this subsection, the Director may 
        renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a 
        period of not more than 5 years.
    ``(i) Materials Research Database.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support the development 
    of a web-based platform to develop and provide access to a database 
    of computed information on known and predicted materials properties 
    and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in materials 
    discovery and design.
        ``(2) Program.--In carrying out this subsection, the Director 
    shall--
            ``(A) conduct cooperative research among National 
        Laboratories, industry, academia, and other research 
        institutions to advance understanding, prediction, and 
        manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of novel 
        materials;
            ``(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at user 
        facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and 
        otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database;
            ``(C) leverage existing high performance computing systems 
        to conduct high throughput calculations, and develop 
        computational and data mining algorithms for the prediction of 
        material properties;
            ``(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies and 
        advanced manufacturing; and
            ``(E) drive the development of advanced materials for 
        applications that span the Department's missions in energy, 
        environment, and national security.
        ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
    Director shall leverage programs and activities across the 
    Department, including computational materials and chemical sciences 
    centers established under subsection (h).
        ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
    under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $10,000,000 
    for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
    ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated to the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $2,685,414,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $2,866,890,840 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $2,987,727,170 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $3,062,732,781 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $3,080,067,167 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--Section 973 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
    the following:
        ``(4) Funds.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this 
    subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.''; and
        (2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
    the following:
        ``(4) Funds.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this 
    subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.''.
    (c) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--Section 975 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ``and'' after 
            the semicolon at the end;
                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the 
            end and inserting ``; and''; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) to ensure the competitiveness of the United States in 
        energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking fundamental 
        research and development to deployment of storage solutions 
        while minimizing the environmental impacts of energy storage 
        technologies.''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' after the 
            semicolon at the end;
                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the 
            end and inserting ``; and''; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) any other relevant office of the Department.'';
        (2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
    the following:
        ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this 
    subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.'';
        (3) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
    the following:
        ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this 
    subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.''; and
        (4) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
    the following:
        ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this 
    subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.''.
    (d) Foundational Nuclear Science.--
        (1) In general.--The Director of the Office of Science shall 
    support a program of research and development to bridge scientific 
    barriers to, and expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge 
    relevant to, understanding nuclear materials and matter for the 
    benefit of commerce, medicine, and national security.
        (2) Activities.--As part of the program described in paragraph 
    (1)--
            (A) the Director of the Office of Science shall support 
        basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, 
        including--
                (i) research in nuclear materials science, including 
            the application of advanced computing practices to 
            foundational and emerging research areas in nuclear 
            materials science and discovery, such as--

                    (I) the advanced characterization of materials;
                    (II) materials synthesis;
                    (III) processing;
                    (IV) the innovative use of experimental and 
                theoretical data; and
                    (V) mechanical behavior in unique environments, 
                including the effects of radiation;

                (ii) electrochemistry research and associated 
            techniques for processing nuclear materials;
                (iii) the development of advanced instrumentation and 
            nuclear data collection to inform the activities described 
            in clauses (i) and (ii); and
                (iv) any other area of research, as determined by the 
            Director of the Office of Science; and
            (B) the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy shall 
        consult with the Director of the Office of Science to support 
        the direction of translational research, development, and 
        validation of physical concepts developed under the program.
        (3) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out activities 
    under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
    through 2027.
    (e) Carbon Materials Science Initiative.--
        (1) Initiative.--
            (A) In general.--The Director of the Office of Science 
        (referred to in this subsection as the ``Director'') shall 
        establish a research initiative, to be known as the ``Carbon 
        Materials Science Initiative'' (referred to in this subsection 
        as the ``Initiative''), to expand the fundamental knowledge of 
        coal, coal-wastes, and carbon ore chemistry useful for 
        understanding the conversion of carbon to material products.
            (B) Coordination.--In carrying out programs and activities 
        under the Initiative, the Director shall leverage expertise and 
        resources from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
        Management and the United States Geological Survey.
            (C) Teams.--
                (i) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative, the 
            Director shall establish and organize activities among 
            multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
            practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, 
            institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
                (ii) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams described in 
            clause (i) shall pursue expedient, milestone-driven 
            research goals established by the Director.
        (2) Research program.--
            (A) In general.--The Director shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support, and discover fundamental 
        knowledge relevant to, carbon materials and carbon ore 
        processing research.
            (B) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        subparagraph (A), the Director shall, in coordination with the 
        Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy and Carbon 
        Management, as appropriate, support research to pursue distinct 
        lines of scientific inquiry, including--
                (i) methods of extraction, processing, recycling, and 
            utilization of the materials and valuable minerals 
            contained in raw coal and coal-waste;
                (ii) methods of improving performance, cost, and 
            availability of materials for use in carbon capture 
            systems; and
                (iii) unconventional pathways and materials for 
            conversion of carbon dioxide molecules, minerals, and 
            materials.
            (C) Review.--The Director shall periodically review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        subparagraph (A) to evaluate the achievement of scientific 
        objectives and research milestones.
            (D) Coordination with existing programs and centers.--In 
        carrying out the program described in subparagraph (A), the 
        Director shall--
                (i) ensure coordination and knowledge sharing with--

                    (I) the United States Geological Survey; and
                    (II) the programs and the Carbon Utilization 
                Research Center established under section 969A of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16298a); and

                (ii) avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent 
            practicable.
        (3) Carbon materials research centers.--
            (A) In general.--In carrying out the activities authorized 
        under paragraph (2), the Director shall establish 1 center in 
        each of the 2 major coal-producing regions of the United 
        States, each of which shall--
                (i) be known as a ``Carbon Materials Research Center'' 
            (referred to in this paragraph as a ``Center''); and
                (ii) focus on early stage research and development 
            activities, including--

                    (I) developing and advancing methods of extracting, 
                processing, or recycling carbon or other valuable 
                materials or minerals from raw coal, coal-waste, or 
                other solid carbon materials, for the development of 
                new carbon-based materials;
                    (II) methods of improving the structural, physical, 
                and chemical properties of carbon-based materials or 
                other valuable materials from raw coal, coal-waste, or 
                other solid carbon materials and their recyclability;
                    (III) overcoming the challenges and maximizing the 
                benefits of commercially extracting, producing, or 
                improving coal-derived carbon and resulting products; 
                and
                    (IV) identifying novel pathways and materials for 
                carbon storage and conversion into useful products.

            (B) Selection.--The Director shall--
                (i) select Centers under subparagraph (A) on a 
            competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and
                (ii) consider applications from the National 
            Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
            institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
            entities.
            (C) Duration.--A Center shall receive support for a period 
        of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment 
        of that Center, subject to the availability of appropriations.
            (D) Renewal.--On the expiration of any period of support of 
        a Center, the Director may renew support for that Center, on a 
        merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
            (E) Existing facilities.--The Director shall--
                (i) ensure that the research activities carried out by 
            the Centers are not duplicative of existing efforts; and
                (ii) if practicable, leverage existing user facilities 
            and other capabilities of the Department of Energy to carry 
            out the research objectives of the Centers.
    (f) Carbon Sequestration Research and Geologic Computational 
Science Initiative.--
        (1) Initiative.--
            (A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in 
        this subsection as the ``Secretary'') shall establish a 
        research initiative, to be known as the ``Carbon Sequestration 
        Research and Geologic Computational Science Initiative'' 
        (referred to in this subsection as the ``Initiative''), to 
        expand the fundamental knowledge, data collection, data 
        analysis, and modeling of subsurface geology for the purpose of 
        advancing carbon sequestration in geologic formations.
            (B) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and activities 
        under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise 
        and resources from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
        Management and the United States Geological Survey.
            (C) Teams.--
                (i) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative, the 
            Secretary shall establish and organize activities among 
            multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
            practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, 
            institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
                (ii) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams described in 
            clause (i) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven 
            research goals established by the Secretary.
            (D) Additional activities.--The Secretary may organize 
        additional activities under this subsection through other 
        organizational structures.
        (2) Research program.--
            (A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support research needed for, and 
        discover knowledge relevant to, the sequestration of carbon in 
        geologic formations.
            (B) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        subparagraph (A), the Director of the Office of Science shall 
        support fundamental research to pursue distinct lines of 
        scientific inquiry, including--
                (i) gathering geologic data for pore space 
            characterization, including improvements to geologic 
            seismic imaging;
                (ii) evaluating pore space quality, including 
            evaluation of geologic samples, to determine appropriate 
            sequestration zones for carbon;
                (iii) testing carbon sequestration;
                (iv) monitoring carbon migration in geologic 
            formations;
                (v) advancements in data analytics, including the 
            analysis of seismic data, and computational science to 
            improve the advanced computing, visualization, and imaging 
            of geologic formations for the sequestration of carbon; and
                (vi) predictive understanding of coupled processes in 
            complex subsurface geologic systems for secure carbon 
            storage.
            (C) Review.--The Secretary shall periodically review 
        activities carried out under the program described in 
        subparagraph (A) to evaluate achievement of scientific 
        objectives and research milestones.
        (3) Carbon storage research and geologic computational science 
    centers.--
            (A) In general.--In carrying out the activities authorized 
        under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall select and establish 
        not more than 2 carbon storage research and geologic 
        computational science centers (referred to in this paragraph as 
        a ``Center'') to develop and advance improvements to data 
        collection, analysis, and modeling of subsurface geology for 
        the purpose of advancing carbon sequestration in geologic 
        formations.
            (B) Selection.--
                (i) In general.--The Secretary shall--

                    (I) select Centers under subparagraph (A) on a 
                competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and
                    (II) to the maximum extent practicable, locate each 
                Center in a geographically diverse region with 
                established and ongoing geologic carbon sequestration 
                research and demonstration.

                (ii) Applications.--In selecting Centers under 
            subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider applications 
            from institutions of higher education, multi-institutional 
            collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
            (C) Duration.--
                (i) New centers.--A Center established after the date 
            of enactment of this Act shall receive support for a period 
            of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
            establishment of that Center, subject to the availability 
            of appropriations.
                (ii) Existing centers.--A Center already in existence 
            on the date of enactment of this Act may continue to 
            receive support for a period of not more than 5 years 
            beginning on that date of enactment.
                (iii) Renewal.--On expiration of a period of support 
            described in clause (i) or (ii), the Secretary may renew 
            support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a 
            period of not more than 5 years.
        (4) Coordination with existing programs and centers.--In 
    carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall--
            (A) ensure coordination with--
                (i) the United States Geological Survey; and
                (ii) the programs established under section 963 of the 
            Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16293); and
            (B) avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent 
        practicable.
    (g) Funding for Carbon Initiatives.--Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities 
under subsections (e) and (f) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2027.
SEC. 10103. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.
    (a) Program; Biological Systems; Biomolecular Characterization and 
Imaging Science.--Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c), by redesignating paragraphs (6) through 
    (8) as paragraphs (5) through (7), respectively;
        (2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections 
    (d) through (f), respectively;
        (3) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Program.--As part of the duties of the Director authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the activities authorized under 
sections 303 and 304, the Director shall carry out a program of 
research and development in the areas of biological systems science and 
climate and environmental science, including subsurface science, 
relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to support 
the energy, environmental, and national security missions of the 
Department.
    ``(b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out research 
and development activities in genomic science including fundamental 
research on plants and microbes to increase systems-level understanding 
of the complex biological systems, which may include activities--
        ``(1) to provide a fundamental understanding of the biology of 
    plants, fungi, and microbes as a basis for developing innovative 
    processes for bioenergy and bioproducts and accelerate 
    breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable the cost-
    effective, sustainable production of--
            ``(A) advanced biofuels;
            ``(B) bioenergy; and
            ``(C) biobased materials;
        ``(2) to conduct foundational functional systems biology 
    research--
            ``(A) to support expanded biosystems design research; and
            ``(B) to understand--
                ``(i) fundamental genome structure; and
                ``(ii) phenomes, including functional genomics of gene 
            products at genome scale;
        ``(3) to develop biosystems designs and synthetic biology 
    approaches for new nonfood plant-derived and microbially derived 
    bioproducts as a basis for new bioeconomy and biotechnology 
    applications in bioproducts production, resource recovery, 
    recycling, and upcycling ventures;
        ``(4) to better understand the behavior of microbiomes in the 
    environment and the interdependencies between plants and microbes 
    in a sustainable ecosystem;
        ``(5) to improve fundamental understanding of plant and 
    microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, including 
    processes for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, through 
    photosynthesis and other biological processes, for sequestration, 
    storage, and utilization;
        ``(6) to understand the microbiome mechanisms and microbiota 
    used to transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from 
    subsurface environments and that affect the cycling and disposition 
    of carbon, nutrients, and contaminants in the environment;
        ``(7) to develop the computational approaches and integrated 
    platforms for open access collaborative science;
        ``(8) to leverage tools and approaches across the Office of 
    Science to expand research to include novel processes, methods, and 
    science to develop bio-based chemicals, polymers, inorganic 
    materials, including research--
            ``(A) to advance fungal, microbial, and plant biosystems 
        design research to advance the understanding of how CRISPR 
        tools and other gene editing tools and technologies work in 
        nature, in the laboratory, and in practice;
            ``(B) to deepen genome-enabled knowledge of the roles of 
        microbes and microbial communities, including fungi, in--
                ``(i) supporting plant and tree growth, productivity, 
            performance, adaptation, and resilience in changing 
            environmental conditions; and
                ``(ii) optimizing end uses of biomass;
            ``(C) to develop biosystems design methods and tools to 
        increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants; and
            ``(D) to increase the scale and pace of characterizing the 
        functions and physical characteristics of microbes and 
        microbial communities to improve biosystems design;
        ``(9) to conduct research focused on developing analysis 
    techniques and simulation capabilities, including artificial 
    intelligence and machine learning, on high-performance computing 
    platforms to accelerate collaborative and reproducible systems 
    biology research;
        ``(10) to develop and improve new technologies for bioimaging, 
    measurement, and characterization purposes to understand the 
    structural, spatial, and temporal relationships of metabolic 
    processes governing phenotypic expression in plants and microbes;
        ``(11) to conduct research focused on genotype-to-phenotype 
    translations to develop a predictive understanding of cellular 
    function under a variety of relevant environmental and bioenergy-
    related conditions;
        ``(12) to conduct metagenomic and metadata assembly research 
    sequencing and analysis; and
        ``(13) to develop other relevant methods and processes as 
    determined by the Director.
    ``(c) Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science.--The 
Director shall carry out research and development activities in 
biomolecular characterization and imaging science, including 
development of new and integrative imaging and analysis platforms and 
biosensors to understand the expression, structure, and function of 
genome information encoded within cells and for real-time measurements 
in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the 
Department.''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Advanced biofuel.--The term `advanced biofuel' has the 
    meaning given the term in section 9001 of the Farm Security and 
    Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).
        ``(2) Bioenergy.--The term `bioenergy' means energy derived 
    from biofuels.
        ``(3) Biomass.--The term `biomass' has the meaning given the 
    term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
    15852(b)).
        ``(4) Bioproduct.--The term `bioproduct' has the meaning given 
    the term `biobased product' in section 9001 of the Farm Security 
    and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).''.
    (b) Low-dose Radiation Research Program.--Paragraph (8) of 
subsection (e) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), 
is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'';
        (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting a semicolon; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            ``(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(G) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (c) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--
Subsection (f) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), 
is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Low-dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
    shall carry out a basic research program on the similarities and 
    differences between the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation 
    on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the space environment.
        ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the program described in 
    paragraph (1) is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low 
    dose-rate radiation research and development as described in 
    subsection (e) and to inform the advancement of new tools, 
    technologies, and advanced materials needed to facilitate long-
    duration space exploration.''.
    (d) Climate, Environmental Science, and Other Activities.--Section 
306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644) (as amended by subsection (a)) is amended by inserting after 
subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Activities.--
        ``(1) In general.--As part of the activities authorized under 
    subsection (a), and in coordination with activities carried out 
    under subsection (b), the Director shall coordinate with the 
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National 
    Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of 
    Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and any other relevant 
    agencies to carry out activities relating to Earth and 
    environmental systems science research, which may include 
    activities--
            ``(A) to understand, observe, measure, and model the 
        response of Earth's atmosphere and biosphere to changing 
        concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated 
        changes in climate, including frequency and intensity of 
        extreme weather events;
            ``(B) to understand the coupled physical, chemical, and 
        biological processes to transform, immobilize, remove, or move 
        carbon, nitrogen, and other energy production-derived 
        contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, and 
        understand the process of sequestration and transformation of 
        these, carbon dioxide, and other relevant molecules in 
        subsurface environments;
            ``(C) to understand, observe, and model the cycling of 
        water, carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems across 
        spatiotemporal scales;
            ``(D) to understand the biological, biogeochemical, and 
        physical processes across the multiple scales that control the 
        flux of environmentally relevant compounds between the 
        terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and
            ``(E) to understand and predict interactions among natural 
        and human systems to inform potential mitigation and adaptation 
        options for increased concentrations of greenhouse gas 
        emissions and any associated changes in climate.
        ``(2) Prioritization.--In carrying out the program authorized 
    under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize--
            ``(A) the development of software and algorithms to enable 
        the productive application of environmental systems and extreme 
        weather in climate and Earth system prediction models in high-
        performance computing systems; and
            ``(B) capabilities that support the Department's mission 
        needs for energy and infrastructure security, resilience, and 
        reliability.
        ``(3) Environmental systems science research.--
            ``(A) In general.--As part of the activities described in 
        paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out research to advance 
        an integrated, robust, and scale-aware predictive understanding 
        of environmental systems, including the role of 
        hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to the top of the 
        vegetative canopy that considers effects of seasonal to 
        interannual variability and change.
            ``(B) Clean water and watershed research.--As part of the 
        activities described in subparagraph (A), the Director shall--
                ``(i) support interdisciplinary research to 
            significantly advance our understanding of water 
            availability, quality, and the impact of human activity and 
            a changing climate on urban and rural watershed systems, 
            including in freshwater environments;
                ``(ii) consult with the Interagency Research, 
            Development, and Demonstration Coordination Committee on 
            the Nexus of Energy and Water for Sustainability 
            established under section 1010 of the Energy Act of 2020 
            (Public Law 116-260) on energy-water nexus research 
            activities;
                ``(iii) engage with representatives of research and 
            academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, State, 
            territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and industry, 
            who have expertise in technologies, technological 
            innovations, or practices relating to the energy-water 
            nexus, as applicable; and
                ``(iv) coordinate with the National Oceanic and 
            Atmospheric Administration, the National Science 
            Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
            National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
            Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, 
            and any other relevant agency.
            ``(C) Coordination.--
                ``(i) Director.--The Director shall carry out 
            activities under this paragraph in accordance with 
            priorities established by the Secretary to support and 
            accelerate the decontamination of relevant facilities 
            managed by the Department.
                ``(ii) Secretary.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
            coordination of activities of the Department, including 
            activities under this paragraph, to support and accelerate 
            the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the 
            Department.
        ``(4) Climate and earth modeling.--As part of the activities 
    described in paragraph (1), the Director, in collaboration with the 
    Advanced Scientific Computing Research program described in section 
    304 and other programs carried out by the Department, as 
    applicable, and in coordination with the National Oceanic and 
    Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other relevant 
    agencies, shall carry out research to develop, evaluate, and use 
    high-resolution regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and 
    other relevant models to inform decisions on reducing greenhouse 
    gas emissions and the resulting impacts of a changing global 
    climate. Such modeling shall include--
            ``(A) integrated capabilities for modeling multisectoral 
        interactions, including the impacts of climate policies on 
        human systems and the interdependencies and risks at the 
        energy-water-land nexus;
            ``(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, energy supply 
        and demand, and other critical elements; and
            ``(C) interaction among human and Earth systems informed by 
        interdisciplinary research, including the economic and social 
        sciences.
        ``(5) Midscale funding mechanism.--
            ``(A) In general.--Any of the activities authorized in this 
        subsection may be carried out, in lieu of individual research 
        grants--
                ``(i) by competitively selected midscale, multi-
            institutional research centers;
                ``(ii) by large-scale experiments or user facilities; 
            or
                ``(iii) through existing facilities and systems of the 
            Department or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
            Administration.
            ``(B) Consideration.--The Biological and Environmental 
        Research Advisory Committee shall provide recommendations to 
        the Director on projects most suitable for the research centers 
        described in subparagraph (A).
        ``(6) Atmospheric systems and sciences research program.--
            ``(A) In general.--As part of the activities carried out 
        under paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out a program, to 
        be known as the `Atmospheric Systems and Sciences Research 
        Program', to use observations to improve understanding of 
        atmospheric processes, under which the Director, in 
        coordination, and as appropriate, collaboration, with the 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other 
        relevant Federal agencies conducting research under the topics 
        described in this subparagraph, shall conduct research relating 
        to--
                ``(i) better understanding the atmosphere and the 
            interaction of the atmosphere with the surface of the 
            Earth;
                ``(ii) understanding sources of uncertainty in Earth 
            system models, including with respect to the 
            interdependence of clouds, atmospheric aerosols, radiation 
            processes, and precipitation;
                ``(iii) understanding the radiative balance and 
            hydrological cycle of Earth;
                ``(iv) demonstrating the improved predictability of 
            regional and global atmospheric models due to improved 
            process-level understanding;
                ``(v) atmospheric regimes with large uncertainties in 
            earth system prediction, aerosol processes, warm boundary-
            layer processes, convective processes, and high-latitude 
            processes;
                ``(vi) reduced uncertainty and improved simulation 
            capability of earth system models of the atmospheric system 
            in a holistic, comprehensive fashion; and
                ``(vii) understanding and modeling representation of 
            priority research areas, including aerosol, warm boundary 
            layer, convective, and high-latitude processes.
            ``(B) Activities.--In carrying out the Atmospheric Systems 
        and Sciences Research Program, the Director shall, in 
        coordination, and as appropriate, in collaboration, with other 
        relevant Federal agencies--
                ``(i) collect data and conduct research to advance 
            atmospheric and Earth system modeling capabilities;
                ``(ii) develop or participate in existing or future 
            integrated, scalable test-beds that--

                    ``(I) incorporate process-level understanding of 
                the life cycles of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation; 
                and
                    ``(II) can be incorporated into other models;

                ``(iii) improve data, analysis, and prediction systems 
            in marine, littoral, terrestrial, and arctic environments, 
            including those environments sensitive to changes in the 
            climate, relating to the energy and science mission of the 
            Department; and
                ``(iv) support the development of technologies relating 
            to--

                    ``(I) more accurate cloud, aerosol, and other 
                atmospheric sensors;
                    ``(II) observing sensor networks; and
                    ``(III) computational predictive modeling.

            ``(C) Use of atmospheric radiation measurement program 
        facilities and infrastructure.--To support the Atmospheric 
        Systems and Sciences Research Program and, in coordination, and 
        as appropriate, in collaboration, with the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies, 
        to improve fundamental understanding of the physical and 
        chemical processes that impact the formation, life cycle, and 
        radiative impacts of cloud and aerosol particles, atmospheric 
        processes, and surface or subsurface phenomena, the Director 
        shall use the facilities and infrastructure of the Atmospheric 
        Radiation Measurement User Facility, the Global Monitoring 
        Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration, or other Earth and Environmental Systems 
        Sciences User Facilities--
                ``(i) to provide support to environmental scientists by 
            collecting high-quality and well-characterized in-situ, 
            remote-sensing, and aircraft observations of--

                    ``(I) the microphysical properties of clouds and 
                atmospheric aerosols;
                    ``(II) the coincident and highly detailed dynamical 
                and thermodynamic properties of the atmospheric 
                environment that contains those clouds and aerosols;
                    ``(III) the properties of precipitation;
                    ``(IV) the properties of radiation and the 
                background environment; and
                    ``(V) the properties of surface or subsurface 
                phenomena;

                ``(ii) to carry out laboratory studies and ground-based 
            and airborne field campaigns to target specific atmospheric 
            and surface or subsurface processes relating to the energy 
            and science mission of the Department in different 
            locations and across a range of environments, including by 
            developing technologies to assist in advancing predictive 
            capabilities;
                ``(iii) to build data sets that can be incorporated 
            into atmospheric models; and
                ``(iv) to enhance observations by using modeling and 
            simulations that test the accuracy of climate model 
            parameterizations.
    ``(h) Biological and Environmental Research User Facilities.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program for 
    the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of user 
    facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of observational 
    data related to complex biological, climate, and environmental 
    systems.
        ``(2) Selection.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Director shall select user 
        facilities under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
        basis.
            ``(B) Applicants.--In selecting user facilities under 
        paragraph (1), the Director shall consider applications from 
        the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
        multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
        entities.
        ``(3) Facility requirements.--To the maximum extent 
    practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, operated, 
    or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include--
            ``(A) distributed field research and observation platforms 
        for understanding earth system processes;
            ``(B) analytical techniques, instruments, and modeling 
        resources, including high-throughput molecular phenotyping, for 
        understanding and predicting the functional processes of 
        biological and environmental systems;
            ``(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, advanced 
        bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and synthesis, metabolomics, 
        and computational analysis; and
            ``(D) such other facilities as the Director considers 
        appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the Department of 
        Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
        ``(4) Existing facilities.--In carrying out the program 
    established under paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to 
    evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to the 
    maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of those 
    capabilities to address emerging research priorities.
        ``(5) Earth and environmental systems sciences user 
    facilities.--In carrying out the program established under 
    paragraph (1), the Director shall operate at least 1 user facility 
    to advance the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric 
    data, including through activities--
            ``(A) to advance knowledge of the Earth and environmental 
        systems and improve model representations; and
            ``(B) to measure the impact of atmospheric gases, aerosols, 
        and clouds on the Earth and environmental systems.
        ``(6) Microbial molecular phenotyping capability project.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        expansion of the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 
        or subsequent facility successor, to advance high-throughput 
        microbial plant and molecular phenotyping capability to 
        accelerate discovery of new protein functions and metabolic 
        pathways in microbial systems.
            ``(B) Capabilities.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), the 
        Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
                ``(i) Coupled high-throughput autonomous experimental 
            and multimodal analytical capabilities.
                ``(ii) Direct integration of automated multiomics 
            analyses, biomolecular and cellular imaging, and functional 
            biological assays with high-throughput microbial culturing 
            and cultivation capabilities at timescales relevant to 
            biological processes under natural and perturbed 
            environmental conditions.
            ``(C) Data coordination.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), 
        the Secretary shall ensure integration and coordination with 
        existing data platforms and user facilities of the Department.
            ``(D) Start of operations.--Subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, the Secretary shall begin carrying out 
        subparagraph (A) not later than September 29, 2027.
            ``(E) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (k) for a fiscal year, there are authorized to 
        be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this paragraph--
                ``(i) $550,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $29,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $32,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(iv) $30,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                ``(v) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2027.
        ``(7) User facilities integration and collaboration program.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Director shall support a program of 
        collaboration between user facilities to encourage and enable 
        researchers to more readily integrate the tools, expertise, 
        resources, and capabilities of multiple Office of Science user 
        facilities (as described in subsection (d) of section 209 of 
        the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139)) to 
        further research and advance emerging technologies.
            ``(B) Activities.--The program shall advance the 
        integration of automation, robotics, computational biology, 
        bioinformatics, biosensing, cellular platforms and other 
        relevant emerging technologies as determined by the Director to 
        enhance productivity and scientific impact of user facilities.
        ``(8) Coordination.--In carrying out the program authorized 
    under paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office of 
    Science coordinates with--
            ``(A) the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the 
        Department of the Interior, and any other relevant Federal 
        agency on the collection, validation, and analysis of 
        atmospheric data; and
            ``(B) relevant stakeholders, including institutions of 
        higher education, nonprofit research institutions, industry, 
        State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and other 
        appropriate entities to ensure access to the best available 
        relevant atmospheric and historical weather data.
    ``(i) Terrestrial-aquatic Interface Research Initiative.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a research 
    program to enhance the understanding of terrestrial-aquatic 
    interface. In carrying out the program, the Director shall 
    prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational data, 
    and shall develop models to analyze the natural and human processes 
    that interact in littoral zones.
        ``(2) Littoral data collection system.--The Director shall 
    establish an integrated system of geographically diverse field 
    research sites in order to improve the scientific understanding and 
    predictability of the major land water interfaces of the United 
    States through improved data quantity and quality, including in--
            ``(A) the Great Lakes region;
            ``(B) the Pacific coast;
            ``(C) the Atlantic coast;
            ``(D) the Arctic;
            ``(E) the Gulf coast; and
            ``(F) the coasts of United States territories and freely 
        associated States.
        ``(3) Existing infrastructure.--In carrying out the programs 
    and establishing the field research sites under paragraphs (1) and 
    (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing research and development 
    infrastructure supported by the Department, including the 
    Department's existing marine and coastal research lab.
        ``(4) Coordination.--For the purposes of carrying out the 
    programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraphs 
    (1) and (2), the Secretary may enter into agreements with Federal 
    departments and agencies with complementary capabilities, including 
    the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and any other 
    relevant Federal agency as appropriate.
        ``(5) Report.--Not earlier than 2 years after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee on 
    Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Natural Resources, 
    and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
    Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 
    and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report 
    examining whether the system described in paragraph (2) should be 
    established as a National User Facility within the Department or as 
    a research facility within another Federal agency.
        ``(6) Interoperability.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Director shall ensure that 
        activities carried out under paragraphs (1) and (2), including 
        observation, data collection, monitoring, and model development 
        and enhancements, are interoperable and may be integrated with 
        existing related systems at the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies, 
        as practicable.
            ``(B) Resources.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), in 
        support of interoperability, as practicable, the Director may 
        make available to other Federal agencies high performance 
        computing resources.
            ``(C) NOAA.--The National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration shall integrate the data collected under the 
        programs carried out under paragraphs (1) and (2) into relevant 
        data systems and models, as practicable.
    ``(j) Engineered Ecosystems Initiative.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
    Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative focused 
    on the development of engineered ecosystems through the application 
    of artificial intelligence, novel sensing capabilities, and other 
    emerging technologies.
        ``(2) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall coordinate 
    with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the 
    Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
    Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, the 
    Secretary of Agriculture, and other relevant officials to avoid 
    duplication of research and observational activities and to ensure 
    that activities carried out under the initiative established under 
    paragraph (1) are complimentary to activities being undertaken by 
    other agencies.
        ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
    Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
    the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 
    report on the activity authorized under this subsection.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $885,420,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $946,745,200 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $1,001,149,912 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $1,068,818,907 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $1,129,948,041 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (e) Bioenergy Research Centers.--Section 977 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317) is amended by striking subsection (f) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(f) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
        ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program under section 
    306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 
    U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall support up to 6 bioenergy 
    research centers to conduct fundamental research in plant and 
    microbial systems biology, biological imaging and analysis, and 
    genomics, and to accelerate advanced research and development of 
    advanced biofuels, bioenergy or biobased materials, chemicals, and 
    products that are produced from a variety of regionally diverse 
    feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of research results 
    to industry. The activities of the centers authorized under this 
    subsection may include--
            ``(A) accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-relevant 
        plants, microbes, and associated microbial communities to 
        enable high-impact, value-added coproduct development at 
        multiple points in the bioenergy supply chain;
            ``(B) developing the science and technological advances to 
        ensure process sustainability is considered in the creation of 
        advanced biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass; 
        and
            ``(C) using the latest tools in genomics, molecular 
        biology, catalysis science, chemical engineering, systems 
        biology, and computational and robotics technologies to 
        sustainably produce and transform biomass into advanced 
        biofuels and bioproducts.
        ``(2) Selection and duration.--
            ``(A) In general.--A center established under paragraph (1) 
        shall be selected on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a 
        period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, beginning on the date of establishment of that 
        center.
            ``(B) Applications.--The Director shall consider 
        applications from National Laboratories, multi-institutional 
        collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
            ``(C) Existing centers.--A center already in existence on 
        the date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
        Competition, and Innovation Act may continue to receive support 
        for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
        establishment of that center.
            ``(D) New centers.--The Director shall select any new 
        center pursuant to paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-
        reviewed basis, with special consideration for applications 
        from an institution of higher education (as defined in section 
        101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) that 
        is located in an eligible jurisdiction (as defined in section 
        2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
        13503(b)(3)(A))).
        ``(3) Renewal.--After the end of the applicable period 
    described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew support for a 
    center for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit-reviewed 
    basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after its previous 
    selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director may 
    renew support for the center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis 
    for a period of not more than 5 years, and may subsequently provide 
    an additional renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not 
    more than 5 years.
        ``(4) Activities.--Centers shall undertake research activities 
    to accelerate the production of advanced biofuels and bioproducts 
    from biomass resources by identifying the most suitable species of 
    plants for use as energy crops; and improving methods of breeding, 
    propagation, planting, producing, harvesting, storage and 
    processing. Activities may include the following:
            ``(A) Research activities to increase sustainability, 
        including--
                ``(i) advancing knowledge of how bioenergy crop 
            interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental factors 
            influence crop growth, yield, and quality;
                ``(ii) identifying the most impactful research areas 
            that address the economics of advanced biofuels and 
            bioproducts production; and
                ``(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to advance 
            predictive understanding of advanced biofuel cropping 
            ecosystems.
            ``(B) Research activities to further feedstock development, 
        including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous wastes including 
        carbon oxides and methane, and direct air capture of single 
        carbon gases via plants and microbes, including--
                ``(i) developing genetic and genomic tools, high-
            throughput analytical tools, and biosystems design 
            approaches to enhance bioenergy feedstocks and their 
            associated microbiomes;
                ``(ii) conducting field testing of new potential 
            bioenergy feedstock crops under environmentally benign and 
            geographically diverse conditions to assess viability and 
            robustness; and
                ``(iii) developing quantitative models informed by 
            experimentation to predict how bioenergy feedstocks perform 
            under diverse conditions.
            ``(C) Research activities to improve lignocellulosic 
        deconstruction and separation methods, including--
                ``(i) developing feedstock-agnostic deconstruction 
            processes capable of efficiently fractionating biomass into 
            targeted output streams;
                ``(ii) gaining a detailed understanding of plant cell 
            wall biosynthesis, composition, structure, and properties 
            during deconstruction; and
                ``(iii) improving enzymes and approaches for biomass 
            breakdown and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin 
            processing.
            ``(D) Research activities to improve the feedstock 
        conversion process for advanced biofuels and bioproducts, 
        including--
                ``(i) developing high-throughput methods to screen or 
            select high-performance microbial strains and communities 
            to improve product formation rates, yields, and 
            selectivity;
                ``(ii) establishing a broad set of platform 
            microorganisms and microbial communities suitable for 
            metabolic engineering to produce advanced biofuels and 
            bioproducts and high-throughput methods for experimental 
            validation of gene function;
                ``(iii) developing techniques to enhance microbial 
            robustness for tolerating toxins to improve advanced 
            biofuel and bioproduct yields and to gain a better 
            understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of 
            tolerance for major chemical classes of inhibitors found in 
            these processes;
                ``(iv) advancing technologies for the use of batch, 
            continuous, and consolidated bioprocessing;
                ``(v) identifying, creating, and optimizing microbial 
            and chemical pathways to produce promising, atom-economical 
            intermediates and final bioproducts from biomass with 
            considerations given to environmentally benign processes;
                ``(vi) developing high-throughput, real-time, in situ 
            analytical techniques to understand and characterize the 
            pre- and post-bioproduct separation streams in detail;
                ``(vii) creating methodologies for efficiently 
            identifying viable target molecules, identifying high-value 
            bioproducts in existing biomass streams, and utilizing 
            current byproduct streams;
                ``(viii) identifying and improving plant feedstocks 
            with enhanced extractable levels of desired bioproducts or 
            bioproduct precursors, including lignin streams; and
                ``(ix) developing integrated biological and chemical 
            catalytic approaches to valorize and produce a diverse 
            portfolio of advanced biofuels and bioproducts.
        ``(5) Industry partnerships.--Centers shall establish industry 
    partnerships to translate research results to commercial 
    applications.
        ``(6) Coordination.--In coordination with the Bioenergy 
    Technologies Office of the Department, the Secretary shall support 
    interdisciplinary research activities to improve the capacity, 
    efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and affordability, 
    of the production and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts, as 
    well as activities to enable positive impacts and avoid the 
    potential negative impacts that the production and use of advanced 
    biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems, people, and 
    historically marginalized communities.
        ``(7) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
    under subsection (k) of section 306 of the Department of Energy 
    Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) for a fiscal year, 
    there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
    out this subsection $30,000,000 per center established under 
    paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
        ``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            ``(A) Advanced biofuel.--The term `advanced biofuel' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 9001 of the Farm Security 
        and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).
            ``(B) Bioenergy.--The term `bioenergy' means energy derived 
        from biofuels.
            ``(C) Biomass.--The term `biomass' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
        U.S.C. 15852(b)).
            ``(D) Bioproduct.--The term `bioproduct' has the meaning 
        given the term `biobased product' in section 9001 of the Farm 
        Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).''.
SEC. 10104. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM.
    (a) Advanced Scientific Computing Research.--Section 304 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is 
amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as subsections 
    (b) through (d), respectively;
        (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, the 
    following:
    ``(a) In General.--As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139), the Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and 
relevant public and private sector entities, a research, development, 
and demonstration program--
        ``(1) to steward applied mathematics, computational science, 
    and computer science research relevant to the missions of the 
    Department and the competitiveness of the United States;
        ``(2) to develop modeling, simulation, and other computational 
    tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the 
    development of new energy technologies and other technologies;
        ``(3) to advance computing and networking capabilities for 
    data-driven discovery; and
        ``(4) to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and 
    software tools for science and engineering.'';
        (3) in subsection (c), as so redesignated--
            (A) by striking ``The Director'' and inserting the 
        following:
        ``(1) Director.--The Director''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Coordination.--The Under Secretary for Science shall 
    ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, 
    including activities under this section, to determine and meet the 
    computational and networking research and facility needs of the 
    Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology and 
    energy efficiency programs within the Department and with other 
    Federal agencies as appropriate.'';
        (4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read as 
    follows:
    ``(d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-End 
Computing Systems and Computer Sciences Research.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities to 
    develop, test, and support--
            ``(A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for modeling 
        complex systems relevant to the missions of the Department, 
        including on advanced computing architectures; and
            ``(B) tools, languages, programming environments, and 
        operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in 
        section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 
        2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541)).
        ``(2) Portfolio balance.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Director shall maintain a balanced 
        portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research and 
        development program established under section 976 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports robust 
        investment in--
                ``(i) applied mathematical, computational, and computer 
            sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the 
            Department, including foundational areas that are critical 
            to the advancement of energy sciences and technologies and 
            new and emerging computing technologies; and
                ``(ii) associated high-performance computing hardware 
            and facilities.
            ``(B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment.--
                ``(i) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
            that the Exascale Computing Project has successfully 
            created a broad ecosystem that provides shared software 
            packages, novel evaluation systems, and applications 
            relevant to the science and engineering requirements of the 
            Department, and that such products must be maintained and 
            improved in order that the full potential of the deployed 
            systems can be continuously realized.
                ``(ii) Sustainment.--The Secretary shall seek to 
            sustain and evolve the ecosystem described in clause (i) to 
            ensure that the exascale software stack and other research 
            software will continue to be maintained, hardened, and 
            otherwise optimized for long-term use on exascale systems 
            and beyond and reliable availability to the user 
            community.''; and
        (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Advanced Computing Program.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
    develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing systems 
    with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In 
    establishing this program, the Secretary shall--
            ``(A) maintain foundational research programs in 
        mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on 
        new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the 
        Department, including post-Moore's law computing architectures, 
        novel approaches to modeling and simulation, artificial 
        intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum 
        computing, edge computing, extreme heterogeneity, including 
        potential quantum accelerators, and distributed high-
        performance computing;
            ``(B) retain best practices and maintain support for 
        essential hardware, applications, and software elements of the 
        Exascale Computing Program that are necessary for sustaining 
        the vitality of a long-term capable software ecosystem for 
        exascale and beyond; and
            ``(C) develop a Department-wide strategy for balancing on-
        premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data 
        management.
        ``(2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
    Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
    the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 
    report on the development and implementation of the strategy 
    described in paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Guidance on Mitigation of Bias in High-performance Computing 
Capabilities.--In leveraging high-performance computing systems for 
research purposes, including through the use of machine learning 
algorithms for data analysis and artificial intelligence, the Secretary 
shall issue, and ensure adherence to, guidance for the Department, the 
National Laboratories, and users as to how those capabilities should be 
employed in a manner that mitigates and, to the maximum extent 
practicable, avoids harmful algorithmic bias.
    ``(g) Architectural Research in Heterogeneous Computing Systems.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
    research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable 
    computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for 
    heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high 
    performance, high efficiency computing for Department mission 
    challenges. The program shall include research and development that 
    explores the convergence of big data analytics, simulations, and 
    artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogeneous 
    computing system architectures.
        ``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program described in 
    paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure coordination between 
    research activities undertaken by the Advanced Scientific Computing 
    Research program and materials research supported by the Basic 
    Energy Sciences program within the Office of Science.
    ``(h) Energy Efficient Computing Program.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support a program of 
    fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy 
    efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to 
    advanced computing applications, including high-performance 
    computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine 
    learning.
        ``(2) Execution.--
            ``(A) Program.--In carrying out the program under paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall--
                ``(i) establish a partnership for National 
            Laboratories, industry partners, and institutions of higher 
            education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, 
            technology, software, and applications across all 
            applicable program offices of the Department, and provide 
            access to energy efficient computing resources to such 
            partners;
                ``(ii) develop hardware and software technologies that 
            decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices, 
            including through data center codesign;
                ``(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous computing 
            architectures in collaboration with the program established 
            under subsection (g), including neuromorphic computing, 
            persistent computing, and ultrafast networking; and
                ``(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, 
            merit-reviewed basis, access for researchers from 
            institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, 
            industry, and other Federal agencies to the energy 
            efficient computing technologies developed pursuant to 
            clause (i).
            ``(B) Selection of partners.--In selecting participants for 
        the partnership established under subparagraph (A)(i), the 
        Secretary shall select participants through a competitive, 
        merit review process.
            ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
        Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
        a report on--
                ``(i) the activities conducted under subparagraph (A); 
            and
                ``(ii) the coordination and management of the program 
            under subparagraph (A) to ensure an integrated research 
            program across the Department.
    ``(i) Energy Sciences Network.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for upgrades to 
    the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet the 
    research needs of the Department for highly reliable data transport 
    capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science.
        ``(2) Capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
    Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
            ``(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific networking 
        across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean.
            ``(B) To ensure network reliability.
            ``(C) To protect the network infrastructure from 
        cyberattacks.
            ``(D) To manage transport of exponentially increasing 
        levels of data from the Department's National Laboratories and 
        sites, user facilities, experiments, and sensors.
            ``(E) To contribute to the integration of heterogeneous 
        computing frameworks and systems.
    ``(j) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support the 
    Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to 
    facilitate collaboration between graduate students and researchers 
    at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the development of 
    a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help advance 
    research in all areas of computational science relevant to the 
    mission of the Department, including quantum computing.
        ``(2) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, there are 
    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out 
    activities under this subsection--
            ``(A) $15,750,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(B) $16,537,500 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(C) $17,364,375 for fiscal year 2025;
            ``(D) $18,232,594 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(E) $19,144,223 for fiscal year 2027.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $1,126,950,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $1,194,109,500 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $1,265,275,695 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $1,340,687,843 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $1,420,599,500 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (b) Quantum Science Network.--
        (1) Definitions.--Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended--
            (A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and
            (B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
        ``(7) Quantum network infrastructure.--The term `quantum 
    network infrastructure' means any facility, expertise, or 
    capability that is necessary to enable the development and 
    deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network technologies.''.
        (2) Department of energy quantum network infrastructure 
    research and development program.--
            (A) In general.--Title IV of the National Quantum 
        Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
        the end the following:
    ``SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE 
      RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall carry out a research, development, 
and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network 
infrastructure in order to--
        ``(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum 
    computing systems through the internet and intranet;
        ``(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific 
    phenomena and physical imaging technologies;
        ``(3) develop secure national quantum communications 
    technologies and strategies;
        ``(4) demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the Department 
    of Energy's Energy Sciences Network User Facility; and
        ``(5) advance the relevant domestic supply chains, 
    manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or modeling 
    capabilities.
    ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
        ``(1) coordinate with--
            ``(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
            ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
        and Technology;
            ``(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information 
        Science of the National Science and Technology Council 
        established under section 103(a); and
            ``(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and 
        Security Implications of Quantum Science;
        ``(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
    Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other research 
    institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and 
    technologies, including--
            ``(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical 
        channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical networking 
        and cybersecurity protocols;
            ``(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and 
        transmission, control, and measurement of quantum states;
            ``(C) quantum interconnects that allow short range local 
        connections between quantum processors;
            ``(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals between 
        optical wavelength regimes, including telecommunications 
        regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains, including 
        microwaves;
            ``(E) development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale 
        quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based quantum 
        bits in the optical or telecommunications wavelengths;
            ``(F) long-range entanglement distribution, including 
        allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and large 
        scale quantum processors, at the terrestrial and space-based 
        level using quantum repeaters and optical or laser 
        communications;
            ``(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and related 
        technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum 
        communication; and
            ``(H) integration of systems across the quantum technology 
        stack into traditional computing networks, including the 
        development of remote controlled, high-performance, and 
        reliable implementations of key quantum network components by 
        leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and supplemental 
        investments at the National Laboratories in the Energy Sciences 
        Network User Facility;
        ``(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium 
    and other organizations, as applicable, to transition component 
    technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the development of a 
    quantum supply chain for quantum network technologies;
        ``(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific computing, 
    particle and nuclear physics, and material science to enhance the 
    understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials, 
    processes, and physical phenomena relevant to quantum network 
    infrastructure;
        ``(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in collaboration 
    with the Energy Sciences Network User Facility necessary to support 
    cross-cutting fundamental research and development activities with 
    diverse stakeholders from industry, National Laboratories, and 
    institutions of higher education; and
        ``(6) consider quantum network infrastructure applications that 
    span the Department of Energy's missions in energy, environment, 
    and national security.
    ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the 
Department of Energy and from--
        ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
        ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
        ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
        ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
        ``(5) the National Laboratories;
        ``(6) industry stakeholders;
        ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
        ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
    Centers.
    ``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that 
identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum 
network infrastructure.
    ``(e) Standard of Review.--The Secretary shall review activities 
carried out under this section to determine the achievement of 
technical milestones.
    ``(f) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
    ``SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE 
      AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall establish and carry out a program, to 
be known as the `Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology 
program' or `QUEST program', to encourage and facilitate access to 
United States quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds 
for research purposes--
        ``(1) to enhance the United States quantum research enterprise;
        ``(2) to educate the future quantum computing workforce;
        ``(3) to accelerate the advancement of United States quantum 
    computing capabilities; and
        ``(4) to advance the relevant domestic supply chains, 
    manufacturing processes, and associated simulations or modeling 
    capabilities.
    ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
        ``(1) coordinate with--
            ``(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
            ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
        and Technology;
            ``(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information 
        Science of the National Science and Technology Council 
        established under section 103(a); and
            ``(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and 
        Security Implications of Quantum Science;
        ``(2) provide researchers based within the United States with 
    access to, and use of, United States quantum computing resources 
    through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;
        ``(3) consider applications from the National Laboratories, 
    multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher 
    education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that the 
    Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national leadership 
    on quantum computing related issues;
        ``(4) coordinate with private sector stakeholders, the user 
    community, and interagency partners on program development and best 
    management practices; and
        ``(5) to the extent practicable, balance user access to 
    commercial prototypes available for use across a broad class of 
    applications and Federal research prototypes that enable 
    benchmarking a wider variety of early-stage devices.
    ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy 
and from--
        ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
        ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
        ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
        ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
        ``(5) the National Laboratories;
        ``(6) industry stakeholders;
        ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
        ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
    Centers.
    ``(d) Security.--In carrying out the activities authorized by this 
section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the 
National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are 
in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
    ``(e) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
section--
        ``(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $31,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $33,075,000 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $34,728,750 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $36,465,188 for fiscal year 2027.''.
            (B) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in section 
        1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public Law 115-
        368; 132 Stat. 5092) is amended by inserting after the item 
        relating to section 402 the following:
``Sec. 403. Department of Energy quantum network infrastructure research 
          and development program.
``Sec. 404. Department of Energy quantum user expansion for science and 
          technology program.''.
SEC. 10105. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH.
    (a) Fusion Energy Research.--Section 307 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in paragraph (2), by redesignating subparagraphs (A) 
        and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting 
        appropriately;
            (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting 
        appropriately;
            (C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
        redesignated), by striking ``As part of'' and inserting the 
        following:
        ``(1) In general.--As part of''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds authorized 
    to be appropriated under subsection (q), there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities described in 
    paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.'';
        (2) in subsection (d)(3)--
            (A) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(q)'';
            (B) by striking ``subsection (d)'' and inserting ``this 
        subsection''; and
            (C) by striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2027'';
        (3) in subsection (e)(4)--
            (A) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(q)'';
            (B) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting ``this 
        subsection''; and
            (C) by striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2027'';
        (4) in subsection (i)(10)--
            (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                (i) by striking ``(o)'' and inserting ``(q)''; and
                (ii) by striking ``subsection (i)'' and inserting 
            ``this subsection'';
            (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (C) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(G) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.'';
        (5) by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following:
    ``(j) Fusion Reactor System Design.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, the Director shall establish not less than 2 
    national teams described in paragraph (2) that shall--
            ``(A) develop conceptual pilot plant designs and technology 
        roadmaps; and
            ``(B) create an engineering design of a pilot plant that 
        will bring fusion to commercial viability.
        ``(2) National teams.--A national team referred to in paragraph 
    (1) shall--
            ``(A) be composed of developers, manufacturers, 
        universities, National Laboratories, and representatives of the 
        engineering, procurement, and construction industries; and
            ``(B) include public-private partnerships.
        ``(3) Authorization of appropriations.--Of the funds authorized 
    to be appropriated for Fusion Energy Sciences in a fiscal year, 
    there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
    out this subsection--
            ``(A) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(C) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            ``(D) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(E) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.'';
        (6) by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (r);
        (7) by inserting after subsection (n) the following:
    ``(o) High-performance Computation Collaborative Research 
Program.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program to 
    conduct and support collaborative research, development, and 
    demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high-
    performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, in 
    order--
            ``(A) to support fundamental research in plasmas and matter 
        at very high temperatures and densities;
            ``(B) to inform the development of a broad range of fusion 
        energy systems; and
            ``(C) to facilitate the translation of research results in 
        fusion energy science to industry.
        ``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under 
    paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant Federal 
    agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:
            ``(A) To use expertise from the private sector, 
        institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories 
        to leverage existing, and develop new, computational software 
        and capabilities that prospective users may use to accelerate 
        research and development of fusion energy systems.
            ``(B) To develop computational tools to simulate and 
        predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be validated 
        through physical experimentation.
            ``(C) To increase the utility of the research 
        infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with the 
        Advanced Scientific Computing Research program within the 
        Office of Science.
            ``(D) To leverage experience from existing modeling and 
        simulation entities sponsored by the Department.
            ``(E) To ensure that new experimental and computational 
        tools are accessible to relevant research communities, 
        including private sector entities engaged in fusion energy 
        technology development.
            ``(F) To ensure that newly developed computational tools 
        are compatible with modern virtual engineering and 
        visualization capabilities to accelerate the realization of 
        fusion energy technologies and systems.
        ``(3) Duplication.--The Secretary shall ensure the coordination 
    of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of the 
    program under paragraph (1) with the activities of--
            ``(A) other research entities of the Department, including 
        the National Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects 
        Agency--Energy, and the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
        program within the Office of Science; and
            ``(B) industry.
        ``(4) High-performance computing for fusion innovation 
    center.--
            ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, in coordination with the 
        Innovation Network for Fusion Energy, establish and operate a 
        national High-Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation 
        Center (referred to in this paragraph as the `Center'), to 
        support the program under paragraph (1) by providing, to the 
        extent practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, 
        collaborative, fusion energy research and development through 
        high-performance computing and advanced data analytics 
        technologies and processes.
            ``(B) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to serve as 
        the Center shall be--
                ``(i) a National Laboratory;
                ``(ii) an institution of higher education;
                ``(iii) a multi-institutional collaboration; or
                ``(iv) any other entity that the Secretary determines 
            to be appropriate.
            ``(C) Application; selection.--
                ``(i) Application.--To be eligible to serve as the 
            Center, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an 
            application at such time, in such manner, and containing 
            such information as the Secretary may require.
                ``(ii) Selection.--The Secretary shall select the 
            Center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
            ``(D) Existing activities.--The Center may incorporate 
        existing research activities that are consistent with the 
        program under paragraph (1).
            ``(E) Priorities.--
                ``(i) In general.--The Center shall prioritize 
            activities that utilize expertise and infrastructure from a 
            balance among the private sector, institutions of higher 
            education, and the National Laboratories to enhance 
            existing computation tools and develop new computational 
            software and capabilities to accelerate the commercial 
            application of fusion energy systems.
                ``(ii) Maintenance of resource availability.--The 
            Secretary may enter into contracts with commercial cloud 
            computing providers to ensure that resource availability 
            within the Department is not reduced or disproportionately 
            distributed as a result of Center activities.
            ``(F) Duration.--Subject to subparagraph (G), the Center 
        shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations.
            ``(G) Renewal.--On the expiration of the period of support 
        of the Center under subparagraph (F), the Secretary may renew 
        support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period 
        of not more than 5 years.
    ``(p) Material Plasma Exposure Experiment.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall construct a Material 
    Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 
    publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
    Committee entitled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. The 
    Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions of 
    higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal 
    agencies to ensure that the facility is capable of meeting Federal 
    research needs for steady state, high-heat-flux, and plasma-
    material interaction testing of fusion materials over a range of 
    fusion energy relevant parameters.
        ``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
    the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide the following 
    capabilities:
            ``(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla.
            ``(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m\2\.
            ``(C) The ability to expose previously irradiated plasma 
        facing material samples to plasma.
        ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to the 
    availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
    operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) occurs before 
    December 31, 2027.
        ``(4) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
    Fusion Energy Sciences, there are authorized to be appropriated to 
    the Secretary for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences to complete 
    construction of the facility described in paragraph (1)--
            ``(A) $21,895,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
            ``(B) $3,800,000 for fiscal year 2024.
    ``(q) Matter in Extreme Conditions Instrument Upgrade.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade 
    to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac 
    Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020 publication approved 
    by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee entitled `Powering 
    the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. The Secretary shall consult with 
    the private sector, institutions of higher education, National 
    Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this 
    facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs for 
    understanding physical and chemical changes to plasmas at 
    fundamental timescales, and explore new regimes of dense material 
    physics, astrophysics, planetary physics, and short-pulse laser-
    plasma interactions.
        ``(2) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to the 
    availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
    operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) occurs before 
    December 31, 2028.''; and
        (8) in subsection (r) (as so redesignated)--
            (A) by striking ``There'' and inserting ``Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a 
        fiscal year, there''; and
            (B) by striking paragraphs (3) through (5) and inserting 
        the following:
        ``(3) $1,025,500,400 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(4) $1,043,489,724 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(5) $1,053,266,107 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(6) $1,047,962,074 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(7) $1,114,187,798 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (b) ITER Construction.--Section 972(c)(3) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312(c)(3)) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
        (2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
            ``(B) $379,700,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(C) $419,250,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(D) $415,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            ``(E) $370,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(F) $411,078,000 for fiscal year 2027.''.
SEC. 10106. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM.
    (a) Program.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections 
    (d) through (f), respectively; and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle 
physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the 
understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, including 
constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time.
    ``(c) High Energy Frontier Research.--As part of the program 
described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry out research 
using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, including 
accelerators and detectors that will function as national user 
facilities, to create and study interactions of elementary particles 
and investigate fundamental forces.''.
    (b) International Collaboration.--Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended by 
striking subsection (d) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1)) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(d) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
        ``(1) as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate 
    Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of United States 
    researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and 
    research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron 
    Collider;
        ``(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to leverage 
    United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, and 
    prioritize expanding international partnerships and investments in 
    the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino 
    Experiment; and
        ``(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize engagement 
    in collaborative efforts in support of future international 
    facilities that would provide access to the most advanced 
    accelerator facilities in the world to United States 
    researchers.''.
    (c) Cosmic Frontier Research.--Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended by 
striking subsection (f) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1)) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(f) Cosmic Frontier Research.--The Director shall carry out 
research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the 
universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These 
activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with 
the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory 
Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include--
        ``(1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration, the National Science Foundation, or international 
    partners on relevant projects; and
        ``(2) the development of space-based, land-based, water-based, 
    and underground facilities and experiments.''.
    (d) Further Activities.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) (as amended by subsection 
(c)), is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Facility Construction and Major Items of Equipment.--
        ``(1) Projects.--Consistent with the Office of Science's 
    project management practices, the Director shall, to the maximum 
    extent practicable, by incorporating the findings and 
    recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
    Panel (P5) report entitled `Building for Discovery', support 
    construction or fabrication of--
            ``(A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility 
        based in the United States;
            ``(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II;
            ``(C) Second Generation Dark Matter experiments;
            ``(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera;
            ``(E) upgrades to detectors and other components of the 
        Large Hadron Collider; and
            ``(F) the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project; and
            ``(G) other high priority projects recommended in the most 
        recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
        Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
        ``(2) Long-baseline neutrino facility.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support construction 
        of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the 
        international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment to examine 
        the fundamental properties of neutrinos, explore physics beyond 
        the Standard Model, and better clarify the existence and nature 
        of antimatter.
            ``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, 
        at a minimum, the following capabilities:
                ``(i) A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 1.2 
            megawatts of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 megawatts of 
            beam power.
                ``(ii) 3 caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton fiducial 
            detector mass and supporting surface buildings and 
            utilities.
                ``(iii) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino 
            detectors.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
        occurs before December 31, 2031.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out construction of the project 
        described in subparagraph (A)--
                ``(i) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $255,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(iv) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                ``(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
        ``(3) Proton improvement plan-ii accelerator upgrade project.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall support construction 
        of the Proton Improvement Plan II, an upgrade to the Fermilab 
        accelerator complex identified in the 2014 Particle Physics 
        Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled `Building for 
        Discovery', to provide the world's most intense beam of 
        neutrinos to the international Long Baseline Neutrino Facility 
        and to carry out a broad range of future high energy physics 
        experiments. The Secretary shall work with international 
        partners to enable further significant contributions to the 
        capabilities of that project.
            ``(B) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, 
        at a minimum, the following capabilities:
                ``(i) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt 
            superconducting linear accelerator.
                ``(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 megawatts at the start 
            of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 megawatts of beam power.
                ``(iii) A flexible design to enable high power beam 
            delivery to multiple users simultaneously and customized 
            beams tailored to specific scientific needs.
                ``(iv) Sustained high reliability operation of the 
            Fermilab accelerator complex.
            ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
        occurs before December 31, 2028.
            ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility 
        described in subparagraph (A)--
                ``(i) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(iv) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                ``(v) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
        ``(4) Cosmic microwave background stage 4.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, in partnership with the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation, shall support 
        construction of the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project 
        to survey the cosmic microwave background to test theories of 
        cosmic inflation as described in the 2014 Particle Physics 
        Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled `Building for 
        Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the 
        Global Context.'.
            ``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the 
        private sector, institutions of higher education, National 
        Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that the 
        project described in subparagraph (A) is capable of meeting 
        Federal research needs in accessing the ultra-high energy 
        physics of inflation and important neutrino properties.
            ``(C) Experimental capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
        ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the facility 
        described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, 
        500,000 superconducting detectors deployed on an array of 
        millimeter-wave telescopes with the required range in 
        frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed that will provide 
        sufficient capability to enable an order of magnitude advance 
        in observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background, delivering 
        transformative discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, 
        and astrophysics.
            ``(D) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
        full operations of the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
        occurs before December 31, 2030.
            ``(E) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility 
        described in subparagraph (A)--
                ``(i) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                ``(v) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
    ``(h) Accelerator and Detector Upgrades.--The Director shall 
upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and 
appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and 
improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle 
physics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the 
Director shall continue to work with international partners, when 
appropriate and in the United States' interest, to leverage investments 
and expertise in critical technologies to help build and upgrade 
accelerator and detector facilities in the United States.
    ``(i) Accelerator and Detector Research and Development.--As part 
of the program described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry 
out research and development in particle beam physics, accelerator 
science and technology, and particle and radiation detection with 
relevance to the specific needs of the High Energy Physics program, in 
coordination with the Accelerator Research and Development program 
authorized under section 310.
    ``(j) Underground Science.--The Director shall--
        ``(1) support an underground science program consistent with 
    the missions of the Department and the scientific needs of the High 
    Energy Physics program, including those articulated in the most 
    recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel 
    of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, that leverages the 
    capabilities of relevant underground science and engineering 
    facilities;
        ``(2) carry out a competitive grant program to award scientists 
    and engineers at institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
    institutions, and National Laboratories to conduct research in 
    underground science and engineering; and
        ``(3) submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 
    of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
    of the House of Representatives a report on the inventory of 
    underground mines in the United States that may be suitable for 
    future development of underground science and engineering 
    facilities and any anticipated challenges associated with 
    repurposing, repair, facility siting, or construction.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $1,159,520,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $1,289,891,200 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $1,428,284,672 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $1,499,881,752 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $1,554,874,657 for fiscal year 2027.''.
SEC. 10107. NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROGRAM.
    Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(Public Law 115-246; 132 Stat. 3150) is amended to read as follows:
    ``SEC. 308. NUCLEAR PHYSICS.
    ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program, and support relevant 
facilities, to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter.
    ``(b) Electron Ion Collider.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support construction of 
    an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Long Range Plan 
    of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the report from the 
    National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine entitled 
    `An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science', in 
    order to measure the internal structure of the proton and the 
    nucleus and answer fundamental questions about the nature of 
    visible matter.
        ``(2) Facility capability.--The Secretary shall ensure that the 
    facility described in paragraph (1) meets the requirements in the 
    2015 Long Range Plan described in that paragraph, including--
            ``(A) at least 70 percent polarized beams of electrons and 
        light ions;
            ``(B) ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest stable 
        nuclei;
            ``(C) variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 GeV;
            ``(D) high collision luminosity of 
        10<SUP>33-34</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>; and
            ``(E) the possibility of more than 1 interaction region.
        ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, subject to the 
    availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full 
    operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before 
    December 31, 2030.
        ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
    under subsection (c), there are authorized to be appropriated to 
    the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under this 
    subsection--
            ``(A) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(B) $181,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(C) $219,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            ``(D) $297,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(E) $301,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $840,480,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $976,508,800 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $1,062,239,328 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $1,190,833,688 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $1,248,463,709 for fiscal year 2027.''.
SEC. 10108. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.
    Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Approach.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), 
the Director shall use all available approaches and mechanisms, as the 
Secretary determines to be appropriate, including--
        ``(1) capital line items;
        ``(2) minor construction projects;
        ``(3) energy savings performance contracts;
        ``(4) utility energy service contracts;
        ``(5) alternative financing; and
        ``(6) expense funding.
    ``(d) Submission to Congress.--For each fiscal year through fiscal 
year 2027, at the same time as the annual budget submission of the 
President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a list 
of projects for which the Secretary will provide funding under this 
section, including a description of each project and the funding 
profile for the project.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section $550,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027.''.
SEC. 10109. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``SEC. 310. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    ``(a) Program.--As part of the activities authorized under section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the 
Director shall carry out a research program--
        ``(1) to advance accelerator science and technology relevant to 
    the Department, other Federal agencies, and United States industry;
        ``(2) to foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and 
    enable the commercial application of accelerator technologies;
        ``(3) to support the development of a skilled, diverse, and 
    inclusive accelerator workforce; and
        ``(4) to provide access to accelerator design and engineering 
    resources.
    ``(b) Accelerator Research.--In carrying out the program authorized 
under subsection (a), the Director shall support--
        ``(1) research activities in cross-cutting accelerator 
    technologies including superconducting magnets and accelerators, 
    beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator controls, simulation 
    software, new particle sources, advanced laser technology, and 
    transformative research; and
        ``(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility.
    ``(c) Accelerator Development.--In carrying out the program 
authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support 
partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and commercial 
application of accelerator technologies, including advanced 
superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high 
efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.
    ``(d) Research Collaborations.--In developing accelerator 
technologies under the program authorized under subsection (a), the 
Director shall--
        ``(1) consider the requirements necessary to support 
    translational research and development for medical, industrial, 
    security, and defense applications; and
        ``(2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies and 
    fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with 
    institutions of higher education, industry, and other Federal 
    agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced 
    accelerator technologies.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $19,080,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $20,224,800 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $21,438,288 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $22,724,585 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $24,088,060 for fiscal year 2027.''.
SEC. 10110. ISOTOPE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION.
    (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 310 
(as added by section 10109) the following:
    ``SEC. 311. ISOTOPE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION.
    ``(a) Definition of Critical Radioactive and Stable Isotope.--
        ``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `critical 
    radioactive and stable isotope' means a radioactive and stable 
    isotope--
            ``(A) the domestic commercial production of which is 
        unavailable or inadequate to satisfy the demand of research, 
        medical, industrial, or related industries in the United 
        States; and
            ``(B) the supply of which is augmented through--
                ``(i) Department production; or
                ``(ii) foreign suppliers.
        ``(2) Exclusion.--In this section, the term `critical 
    radioactive and stable isotope' does not include the medical 
    isotope molybdenum-99, the production and supply of which is 
    addressed in the American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012 
    (Public Law 112-239; 126 Stat. 2211) (including the amendments made 
    by that Act).
    ``(b) Program.--The Director shall--
        ``(1) carry out, in coordination with other relevant programs 
    across the Department, a program--
            ``(A) for the production of critical radioactive and stable 
        isotopes, including the development of techniques to produce 
        isotopes, that the Secretary determines are needed and of 
        sufficient quality and quantity for research, medical, 
        industrial, or related purposes;
            ``(B) for the production of critical radioactive and stable 
        isotopes that are in short supply or projected to be in short 
        supply in the future, including byproducts, surplus materials, 
        and related isotope services;
            ``(C) to maintain and enhance the infrastructure required 
        to produce and supply critical radioactive and stable isotope 
        products and related services;
            ``(D) to conduct research and development on new and 
        improved isotope production and processing techniques that can 
        make critical radioactive and stable isotopes available for 
        research and application as soon as possible while assisting in 
        workforce development;
            ``(E) to reduce domestic dependency on the foreign supply 
        of critical radioactive and stable isotopes to ensure national 
        preparedness; and
            ``(F) to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance 
        with--
                ``(i) evidence-based reports, such as the 2015 report 
            of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee entitled `Meeting 
            Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities for the Future'; 
            and
                ``(ii) assessments of isotope supply chains, including 
            the assessment described in paragraph (3), any reports 
            submitted pursuant to subsection (d), and other current and 
            future assessments;
        ``(2) ensure that isotope production activities carried out 
    under this subsection are consistent with the statement of policy 
    entitled `Policies and Procedures for Transfer of Commercial 
    Radioisotope Production and Distribution to Private Industry' (30 
    Fed. Reg. 3247 (March 9, 1965));
        ``(3) assess the domestic requirements of current and emerging 
    critical radioactive and stable isotopes and associated 
    applications, including by consulting end-users, to identify areas 
    that may require Federal investment for expedited development of 
    domestic production capacity for those isotopes, including through 
    public-private partnerships, as appropriate;
        ``(4) ensure that actions taken by the Department do not 
    interfere with, delay, compete with, or otherwise adversely affect 
    efforts by the private sector to make available or otherwise 
    facilitate the supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes, 
    including efforts under existing agreements between the Department 
    or contractors of the Department and the private sector; and
        ``(5) in coordination with the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear 
    Energy, assess options for demonstrating the production of critical 
    radioactive and stable isotopes in research, test, or commercial 
    nuclear reactors and accelerators, including reactors and 
    accelerators operated at universities.
    ``(c) Advisory Committee.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
    enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish an 
    advisory committee (referred to in this subsection as the 
    `committee') in alignment with the program established under 
    subsection (b)--
            ``(A) to carry out the activities previously executed as 
        part of the Isotope Subcommittee of the Nuclear Science 
        Advisory Committee; and
            ``(B) to provide expert advice and assistance to the 
        Director in carrying out that program.
        ``(2) Report.--
            ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        committee is established, the committee shall--
                ``(i) update the 2015 Nuclear Science Advisory 
            Committee Isotopes Subcommittee Report entitled `Meeting 
            Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities for the Future'; 
            and
                ``(ii) periodically update that report thereafter as 
            needed.
            ``(B) Inclusions.--An updated report under subparagraph (A) 
        shall include an assessment of--
                ``(i) current demand in the United States for critical 
            radioactive and stable isotopes;
                ``(ii) the impact of continued reliance on foreign 
            supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes;
                ``(iii) proposed mitigation strategies, including 
            increasing domestic production sources for critical 
            radioactive and stable isotopes, that--

                    ``(I) are not commercially available; or
                    ``(II) are commercially produced in quantities that 
                are not sufficient--

                        ``(aa) to satisfy domestic demand; and
                        ``(bb) to minimize production constraints and 
                    supply disruptions to the United States healthcare 
                    and industrial isotope industries;
                ``(iv) current facilities, including upgrades to those 
            facilities, and new facilities needed to meet domestic 
            critical isotope needs; and
                ``(v) workforce development needs.
        ``(3) Nonduplication.--The committee shall work in alignment 
    with, and shall not duplicate the efforts of, preexisting advisory 
    committees that are advising the program established under 
    subsection (b).
        ``(4) FACA.--The committee shall be subject to the Federal 
    Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).
    ``(d) Report.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than the end of the first fiscal 
    year beginning after the date of enactment of this section, and 
    biennially thereafter, the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board shall 
    submit to the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and 
    Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committees on 
    Science, Space, and Technology and Energy and Commerce of the House 
    of Representatives a report describing the progress made under the 
    program established under subsection (b) during the preceding 2 
    fiscal years.
        ``(2) Inclusions.--Each report under paragraph (1) shall 
    include--
            ``(A) an updated assessment of any critical radioactive and 
        stable isotope shortages in the United States;
            ``(B) a description of--
                ``(i) any disruptions in the international supply of 
            critical radioactive and stable isotopes during the 
            preceding 2 fiscal years; and
                ``(ii) the impact of those disruptions on related 
            activities; and
            ``(C)(i) a projection of anticipated disruptions in the 
        international supply, or supply constraints, of critical 
        radioactive and stable isotopes during the next 2 fiscal years; 
        and
            ``(ii) the anticipated impact of those disruptions or 
        constraints, as applicable, on related domestic activities.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
section--
        ``(1) $175,708,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $196,056,480 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $215,759,869 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $200,633,461 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $146,293,469 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (b) Demonstration of Isotope Production.--Section 952(a) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16272(a)) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4) and moving 
    the paragraph so as to appear after paragraph (3); and
        (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
        ``(2) Isotope demonstration evaluation.--
            ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
        Innovation Act, the Secretary, acting through the Assistant 
        Secretary for Nuclear Energy, shall evaluate the technical and 
        economic feasibility of the establishment of an isotope 
        demonstration subprogram of the program established under 
        paragraph (1) to support the development and commercial 
        demonstration of critical radioactive and stable isotope 
        production in existing commercial nuclear power plants.
            ``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, shall consult with the 
        Director of the Office of Science in carrying out the 
        evaluation under subparagraph (A).
            ``(C) Definition of critical radioactive and stable 
        isotope.--In this paragraph, the term `critical radioactive and 
        stable isotope' has the meaning given the term in section 
        311(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
        Act.''.
    (c) Radioisotope Processing Facility.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
    subsection as ``the Secretary'') shall construct a radioisotope 
    processing facility to provide for the growing radiochemical 
    processing capability needs associated with the production of 
    critical radioactive isotopes authorized under section 311 of the 
    Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.
        (2) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under 
    section 311(e) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
    Act, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
    carry out this subsection--
            (A) $30,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            (B) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            (C) $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            (D) $83,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            (E) $43,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
    (d) Stable Isotope Production and Research Center.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
    subsection as ``the Secretary'') shall establish a stable isotope 
    production and research center--
            (A) to expand the ability of the United States to perform 
        multiple stable isotope production campaigns at large-scale 
        production, as authorized under section 311 of the Department 
        of Energy Research and Innovation Act;
            (B) to mitigate the dependence of the United States on 
        foreign-produced stable isotopes;
            (C) to promote economic resilience; and
            (D) to conduct research and development on stable isotope 
        production and associated methods and technology.
        (2) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under 
    section 311(e) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
    Act, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
    carry out this subsection--
            (A) $74,400,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            (B) $46,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            (C) $31,200,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            (D) $33,300,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            (E) $13,900,000 for fiscal year 2027.
SEC. 10111. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.
    (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 311 
(as added by section 10110), the following:
    ``SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.
    ``The Director shall support the development of a scientific 
workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration between and 
among teachers at elementary schools and secondary schools served by 
local educational agencies, students at institutions of higher 
education, early-career researchers, faculty at institutions of higher 
education, and the National Laboratories, including through the use of 
proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from 
underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or undergraduate 
and graduate degrees relevant to the mission of the Office of 
Science.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 3169 of the 
Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 
7381e) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``There are'' and inserting ``Out of funds 
    authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science of the 
    Department of Energy in a fiscal year, there are''; and
        (2) by striking ``fiscal year 1991'' and inserting ``each of 
    fiscal years 2023 through 2027''.
    (c) Broadening Participation in Workforce Development for Teachers 
and Scientists.--
        (1) In general.--The Department of Energy Science Education 
    Enhancement Act is amended by inserting after section 3167 (42 
    U.S.C. 7381c-1) the following:
``SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall--
        ``(1) expand opportunities to increase the number of highly 
    skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) 
    professionals working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the 
    Department; and
        ``(2) broaden the recruitment pool to increase participation 
    from Historically Black Colleges or Universities (as defined in 
    section 3167B(f)), Hispanic-serving institutions (as defined in 
    that section), Tribal Colleges or Universities (as defined in that 
    section), minority-serving institutions (as defined in that 
    section), institutions in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in 
    that section), emerging research institutions, community colleges, 
    and scientific societies in those disciplines.
    ``(b) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Energy 
and Natural Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and make available to the public a plan for broadening 
participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics in programs supported by the Department, 
including--
        ``(1) a plan for supporting relevant Federal research award 
    grantees and leveraging the National Science Foundation INCLUDES 
    National Network and relevant partnerships, including partnerships 
    maintained by other Federal research agencies;
        ``(2) metrics for assessing the participation of 
    underrepresented groups in programs supported by the Department;
        ``(3) experienced and potential barriers to broadening 
    participation of underrepresented groups in programs supported by 
    the Department, including recommended solutions; and
        ``(4) any other activities the Secretary determines 
    appropriate.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts authorized 
to be appropriated under section 3169, not less than $2,000,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated each fiscal year for the activities 
described in this section.
``SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGHLY SKILLED SCIENCE, 
TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) PROFESSIONALS.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall--
        ``(1) expand opportunities and increase the number of highly 
    skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) 
    professionals working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the 
    Department; and
        ``(2) broaden the recruitment pool to increase participation 
    from and expand partnerships with Historically Black Colleges or 
    Universities, Hispanic serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or 
    Universities, minority-serving institutions, institutions in 
    eligible jurisdictions, emerging research institutions, community 
    colleges, and scientific societies in those disciplines.
    ``(b) Plan and Outreach Strategy.--
        ``(1) Plan.--
            ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
        Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
        a 10-year educational plan to fund and expand new or existing 
        programs administered by the Office of Science and sited at the 
        National Laboratories and Department user facilities to expand 
        educational and workforce development opportunities for 
        underrepresented individuals, including--
                ``(i) high school, undergraduate, and graduate 
            students; and
                ``(ii) recent graduates, teachers, and faculty in STEM 
            fields.
            ``(B) Contents.--The plan under subparagraph (A) may 
        include paid internships, fellowships, temporary employment, 
        training programs, visiting student and faculty programs, 
        sabbaticals, and research support.
        ``(2) Outreach capacity.--The Secretary shall include in the 
    plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to improve the 
    advertising, recruitment, and promotion of educational and 
    workforce development programs to community colleges, Historically 
    Black Colleges or Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, 
    Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-serving institutions, 
    institutions in eligible jurisdictions, and emerging research 
    institutions.
    ``(c) Building Research Capacity.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop programs that 
    strengthen the research capacity relevant to Office of Science 
    disciplines at emerging research institutions, including minority-
    serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, Historically 
    Black Colleges or Universities, institutions in eligible 
    jurisdictions (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy 
    Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))), institutions in 
    communities with dislocated workers who were previously employed in 
    manufacturing, energy production, including coal power plants, and 
    mineral and material mining, and other institutions of higher 
    education.
        ``(2) Inclusions.--The programs developed under paragraph (1) 
    may include--
            ``(A) enabling mutually beneficial and jointly managed 
        partnerships between research-intensive institutions and 
        emerging research institutions; and
            ``(B) soliciting research proposals, fellowships, training 
        programs, and research support directly from emerging research 
        institutions.
    ``(d) Traineeships.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a university-
    led Traineeship Program to address workforce development needs in 
    STEM fields relevant to the Department.
        ``(2) Focus.--The focus of the Traineeship Program established 
    under paragraph (1) shall be on--
            ``(A) supporting workforce development and research 
        experiences for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate 
        students; and
            ``(B) increasing participation from underrepresented 
        populations.
        ``(3) Inclusion.--The traineeships under the Traineeship 
    Program established under paragraph (1) shall include opportunities 
    to build the next-generation workforce in research areas critical 
    to maintaining core competencies across the programs of the Office 
    of Science.
    ``(e) Evaluation.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish key 
    performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of education 
    and workforce programs and expand Departmental activities for data 
    collection and analysis.
        ``(2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall 
    submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
    Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives 
    and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee 
    on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report 
    summarizing progress toward meeting the key performance indicators 
    established under paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Community college.--The term `community college' means--
            ``(A) a public institution of higher education, including 
        additional locations, at which the highest awarded degree, or 
        the predominantly awarded degree, is an associate degree; or
            ``(B) any Tribal college or university.
        ``(2) Dislocated worker.--The term `dislocated worker' has the 
    meaning given the term in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and 
    Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102).
        ``(3) Hispanic-serving institution.--The term `Hispanic-serving 
    institution' has the meaning given the term in section 502(a) of 
    the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)).
        ``(4) Historically black college or university.--The term 
    `Historically Black College or University' has the meaning given 
    the term `part B institution' in section 322 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
        ``(5) Institution in an eligible jurisdiction.--The term 
    `institution in an eligible jurisdiction' means an institution of 
    higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education 
    Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) that is located in an eligible 
    jurisdiction (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy 
    Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))).
        ``(6) Minority-serving institution.--The term `minority-serving 
    institution' includes the entities described in any of paragraphs 
    (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 
    1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
        ``(7) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the subjects listed in 
    section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note; 
    Public Law 114-59).
        ``(8) Tribal college or university.--The term `Tribal College 
    or University' has the meaning given the term in section 316(b) of 
    the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c(b)).''.
        (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in section 2(b) 
    of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 
    (Public Law 101-510; 104 Stat. 1497) is amended by striking the 
    items relating to sections 3167 and 3168 and inserting the 
    following:
``Sec. 3167. Partnerships with historically Black colleges and 
          universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, and tribal 
          colleges.
``Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities for highly skilled science, 
          technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals.
``Sec. 3168. Definitions.
``Sec. 3169. Authorization of appropriations.''.
SEC. 10112. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE; HELIUM 
CONSERVATION PROGRAM; OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREAT 
PREPAREDNESS RESEARCH INITIATIVE; MIDSCALE INSTRUMENTATION AND RESEARCH 
EQUIPMENT PROGRAM; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    (a) In General.--The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) (as amended by section 10111(a)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
    ``(a) In General.--The Director shall establish a high intensity 
laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the 
National Academies report entitled `Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast 
Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light' and the report from the 
Brightest Light Initiative workshop entitled `The Future of Intense 
Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.'. The initiative should include research 
and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser 
technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery science 
and to advance energy technologies, as well as support for a user 
network of academic and National Laboratory high intensity laser 
facilities.
    ``(b) Leverage.--The Director shall leverage new laser technologies 
for more compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator systems needed 
for science applications.
    ``(c) Coordination.--
        ``(1) Director.--The Director shall coordinate the initiative 
    established under subsection (a) among all relevant programs within 
    the Office of Science.
        ``(2) Under secretary.--The Under Secretary for Science shall 
    coordinate the initiative established under subsection (a) with 
    other relevant programs within the Department and other Federal 
    agencies.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
activities described in this section--
        ``(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
    ``SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant recipients and 
facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse. The program shall 
competitively award grants for--
        ``(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and recycle 
    helium;
        ``(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of new and 
    existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling equipment; and
        ``(3) helium alternatives research and development activities.
    ``(b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, and 
every 3 years thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the 
purchase of helium as part of research projects and facilities 
supported by the Department. The report shall include--
        ``(1) the quantity of helium purchased for projects and 
    facilities supported by Department grants;
        ``(2) a cost-analysis for such helium;
        ``(3) to the maximum extent practicable, information on whether 
    such helium was imported from outside the United States, and if 
    available, the country or region of the world from which the helium 
    was imported;
        ``(4) expected or experienced impacts of helium supply 
    shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities 
    supported by the Department; and
        ``(5) recommendations for reducing Department grant recipients' 
    exposure to volatile helium prices and supply shortages.
    ``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under this 
section, the Director shall coordinate with the National Science 
Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on helium conservation 
activities.
    ``(d) Duration.--The program established under this section shall 
receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the 
availability of appropriations.
    ``(e) Renewal.--Upon expiration of any period of support of the 
program under this section, the Director may renew support for the 
program for a period of not more than 5 years.
    ``SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE BIOLOGICAL THREAT PREPAREDNESS 
      RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish within the Office 
of Science a cross-cutting research initiative, to be known as the 
`Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative', to leverage the 
innovative analytical resources and tools, user facilities, and 
advanced computational and networking capabilities of the Department in 
order to support efforts that prevent, prepare for, predict, and 
respond to biological threats to national security, including 
infectious diseases.
    ``(b) Competitive, Merit-reviewed Process.--The Secretary shall 
carry out the initiative established under subsection (a) through a 
competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider applications from 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
institutional collaborations, industry partners and other appropriate 
entities.
    ``(c) Activities.--In carrying out the initiative established under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
        ``(1) determine a comprehensive set of technical milestones for 
    the research activities described in that subsection;
        ``(2) prioritize the objectives of--
            ``(A) supporting fundamental research and development in 
        advanced analytics, experimental studies, materials synthesis, 
        and high-performance computing technologies needed in order to 
        more quickly and effectively characterize, model, simulate, and 
        predict complex natural phenomena and biological materials 
        related to emerging biological threats;
            ``(B) supporting the development of tools that inform 
        epidemiological modeling, and applying artificial intelligence, 
        machine learning, and other computing tools to accelerate such 
        processes;
            ``(C) supporting research and capabilities that enhance 
        understanding and modeling of the transport of pathogens in 
        indoor and outdoor air and water environments;
            ``(D) identifying priority research opportunities and 
        capabilities for molecular design and modeling for medical 
        countermeasures;
            ``(E) ensuring that new experimental and computational 
        tools are accessible to relevant research communities, 
        including private sector entities and other Federal research 
        institutions; and
            ``(F) supporting activities and projects that combine 
        computational modeling and simulation with experimental 
        research facilities and studies;
        ``(3) leverage the research infrastructure of the Department, 
    including scientific computing user facilities, x-ray light 
    sources, neutron scattering facilities, nanoscale science research 
    centers, and sequencing and biocharacterization facilities;
        ``(4) leverage experience from existing modeling and simulation 
    research and work sponsored by the Department and promote 
    collaboration and data sharing between National Laboratories, 
    research entities, and user facilities of the Department by 
    providing necessary access and secure data transfer capabilities; 
    and
        ``(5) ensure that new experimental and computational tools are 
    accessible to relevant research communities, including private 
    sector entities, to address emerging biological threats.
    ``(d) Coordination.--In carrying out the initiative established 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate activities with--
        ``(1) other relevant offices of the Department;
        ``(2) the National Nuclear Security Administration;
        ``(3) the National Laboratories;
        ``(4) the Director of the National Science Foundation;
        ``(5) the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 
    Prevention;
        ``(6) the Director of the National Institutes of Health;
        ``(7) the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response;
        ``(8) the heads of other relevant Federal agencies;
        ``(9) institutions of higher education; and
        ``(10) the private sector.
    ``(e) Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing Research 
Consortium.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
    Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the 
    Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall establish and 
    operate an Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing 
    Research Consortium (referred to in this section as the 
    `Consortium'), to support the initiative established under 
    subsection (a) by providing, to the extent practicable, a 
    centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, emerging 
    infectious disease and biosecurity research and development through 
    high performance computing and advanced data analytics technologies 
    and processes, in conjunction with the experimental research 
    facilities and studies supported by the Department.
        ``(2) Membership.--The members of the Consortium may include 
    representatives from relevant Federal agencies, the National 
    Laboratories, the private sector, and institutions of higher 
    education, which can each contribute relevant compute time, 
    capabilities, or other resources.
        ``(3) Activities.--The Consortium shall--
            ``(A) match applicants with available Federal and private 
        sector computing resources;
            ``(B) consider supplemental awards for computing 
        partnerships with Consortium members to qualifying entities on 
        a competitive merit-review basis;
            ``(C) encourage collaboration and communication among 
        member representatives of the Consortium and awardees;
            ``(D) provide access to the high-performance computing 
        capabilities, expertise, and user facilities of the Department 
        and the National Laboratories; and
            ``(E) submit an annual report to the Secretary summarizing 
        the activities of the Consortium, including--
                ``(i) describing each project undertaken by the 
            Consortium;
                ``(ii) detailing organizational expenditures; and
                ``(iii) evaluating contributions to the achievement of 
            technical milestones as determined in subsection (a).
        ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
    coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
    activities of the Consortium with the activities of other research 
    entities of the Department, other Federal research institutions, 
    institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
    ``(f) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee 
on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, a report 
detailing the effectiveness of--
        ``(1) the interagency coordination among each Federal agency 
    involved in the initiative established under subsection (a);
        ``(2) the collaborative research achievements of that 
    initiative, including the achievement of the technical milestones 
    determined under that subsection; and
        ``(3) potential opportunities to expand the technical 
    capabilities of the Department.
    ``(g) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this 
section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
    ``SEC. 316. MIDSCALE INSTRUMENTATION AND RESEARCH EQUIPMENT 
      PROGRAM.
    ``(a) In General.--The Director shall establish a midscale 
instrumentation and research equipment program to develop, acquire, and 
commercialize research instrumentation and equipment needed to meet the 
missions of the Department and to provide platform technologies for the 
broader scientific community.
    ``(b) Activities.--Under the program established under subsection 
(a), the Director shall--
        ``(1) enable the development and acquisition of novel, state-
    of-the-art instruments that--
            ``(A) range in cost from $1,000,000 to $20,000,000 each; 
        and
            ``(B) would significantly accelerate scientific 
        breakthroughs at user facilities; and
        ``(2) strongly encourage partnerships among--
            ``(A) National Laboratories;
            ``(B) user facilities; and
            ``(C)(i) institutions in a State receiving funding under 
        the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research 
        established under section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act 
        of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3));
            ``(ii) historically Black colleges or universities;
            ``(iii) minority-serving institutions of higher education; 
        or
            ``(iv) institutions of higher education in a rural area.
    ``(c) Coordination With Other Programs.--The Director shall 
coordinate the program established under subsection (a) with all other 
programs carried out by the Office of Science of the Department.
    ``(d) Research Equipment and Technology Development Coordination.--
The Director shall encourage coordination among the Office of Science, 
the National Laboratories, the Office of Technology Transitions, and 
relevant academic and private sector entities to identify, disseminate, 
and commercialize research instruments, equipment, and related 
technologies developed to aid basic science research discoveries that 
meet the mission of the Department.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $150,000,000 
for each of fiscals years 2023 through 2027.
    ``SEC. 317. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this title--
        ``(1) $8,902,392,400 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $9,541,895,744 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $10,068,198,994 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $10,468,916,520 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $10,831,342,317 for fiscal year 2027.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--Section 1(b) of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of contents by 
inserting after the item relating to section 309 the following:
``Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development.
``Sec. 311. Isotope research, development, and production.
``Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
``Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
``Sec. 314. Helium conservation program.
``Sec. 315. Office of Science Biological Threat Preparedness Research 
          Initiative.
``Sec. 316. Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program.
``Sec. 317. Authorization of appropriations.''.
SEC. 10113. ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH.
    (a) Research Areas.--Section 2203(b)(3)(E) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(E)) is amended--
        (1) in the subparagraph heading, by striking ``in areas of 
    applied energy research, environmental management, and basic 
    science'';
        (2) in clause (i)--
            (A) in subclause (I), by inserting ``nuclear energy,'' 
        before ``and''; and
            (B) by striking subclause (V) and inserting the following:

                    ``(V) scientific research, including--

                        ``(aa) advanced scientific computing research;
                        ``(bb) basic energy sciences;
                        ``(cc) biological and environmental research;
                        ``(dd) fusion energy sciences;
                        ``(ee) high energy physics;
                        ``(ff) nuclear physics;
                        ``(gg) isotope research, development, and 
                    production;
                        ``(hh) accelerator research, development, and 
                    production; and
                        ``(ii) other areas of research funded by the 
                    Office of Science, as determined by the 
                    Secretary.''; and
        (3) in clause (ii)--
            (A) in subclause (II), by striking ``graduate'' and 
        inserting ``undergraduate scholarships, graduate fellowships, 
        and'';
            (B) in subclause (III), by striking ``; and'' and inserting 
        ``and staff;'';
            (C) in subclause (IV)--
                (i) by striking ``biennial'' and inserting ``annual''; 
            and
                (ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a 
            semicolon; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:

                    ``(V) to develop research clusters for particular 
                areas of expertise; and
                    ``(VI) to diversify the future workforce.''.

    (b) Research Capability Enhancement.--Section 2203(b)(3) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended by 
striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:
            ``(F) Research capability enhancement.--
                ``(i) Scholarships and fellowships.--

                    ``(I) In general.--Pursuant to subparagraph 
                (E)(ii), the Secretary shall award grants to 
                institutions of higher education in eligible 
                jurisdictions for those institutions of higher 
                education to provide scholarships and fellowships.
                    ``(II) Grant.--A scholarship or fellowship awarded 
                by an institution of higher education in an eligible 
                jurisdiction using a grant provided under subclause 
                (I)--

                        ``(aa) in the case of an undergraduate 
                    scholarship--
                            ``(AA) shall be for a period of 1 year; and
                            ``(BB) may be competitively renewable on an 
                        annual basis; and
                        ``(bb) in the case of a graduate level 
                    fellowship, shall be for a period of not more than 
                    5 years.
                ``(ii) Early career capacity development.--

                    ``(I) In general.--Pursuant to subparagraph 
                (E)(ii), the Secretary shall award grants to early 
                career faculty and staff at institutions of higher 
                education in eligible jurisdictions--

                        ``(aa) to support investigator-initiated 
                    research, including associated research equipment 
                    and instrumentation;
                        ``(bb) to support activities associated with 
                    identifying and responding to funding 
                    opportunities;
                        ``(cc) to secure technical assistance for the 
                    pursuit of funding opportunities; and
                        ``(dd) to develop and enhance collaboration 
                    among National Laboratories, Department of Energy 
                    programs, the private sector, and other relevant 
                    entities.

                    ``(II) Grants.--A grant awarded under subclause (I) 
                shall be--

                        ``(aa) for a period of not more than 5 years; 
                    and
                        ``(bb) competitively renewable for an 
                    additional 5-year period.
                ``(iii) Research capacity development.--

                    ``(I) In general.--Pursuant to subparagraph 
                (E)(ii), the Secretary shall award competitive grants 
                to institutions of higher education in eligible 
                jurisdictions for research capacity development and 
                implementation, including--

                        ``(aa) developing expertise in key technology 
                    areas, including associated equipment and 
                    instrumentation;
                        ``(bb) developing and acquiring novel, state-
                    of-the-art instruments and equipment that range in 
                    cost from $500,000 to $20,000,000;
                        ``(cc) enhancing collaboration with National 
                    Laboratories, the Department of Energy, and the 
                    private sector through faculty or staff placement 
                    programs; and
                        ``(dd) supporting formal partnership programs 
                    with institutions of higher education and National 
                    Laboratories.

                    ``(II) Grants.--A grant awarded under subclause (I) 
                shall be--

                        ``(aa) for a period of not more than 5 years; 
                    and
                        ``(bb) renewable for an additional 5-year 
                    period.

                    ``(III) Equipment and instrumentation.--To the 
                maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall ensure 
                that research equipment and instrumentation developed 
                or acquired pursuant to a grant awarded under subclause 
                (I) may sustain continued operation and be maintained 
                without the need for additional or subsequent funding 
                under this section.''.

    (c) Program Implementation Update.--Section 2203(b)(3)(G) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(G)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
                ``(iii) Update.--Not later than 270 days after the date 
            of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, 
            and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall--

                    ``(I) update the plan submitted under clause (i); 
                and
                    ``(II) submit the updated plan to the committees 
                described in that clause.''.

    (d) Program Evaluation Report.--Section 2203(b)(3)(H) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(H)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
                ``(iv) Annual report.--At the end of each fiscal year, 
            the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
            Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of 
            the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the 
            Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
            a report that includes--

                    ``(I) the total amount of expenditures made by the 
                Department to carry out EPSCoR in each eligible 
                jurisdiction for each of the 3 most recent fiscal years 
                for which such information is available;
                    ``(II)(aa) the number of EPSCoR awards made to 
                institutions of higher education located in eligible 
                jurisdictions; and
                    ``(bb) the amount and type of each award;
                    ``(III) the number of awards that are not EPSCoR 
                awards made by the Secretary to institutions of higher 
                education located in eligible jurisdictions;
                    ``(IV)(aa) the number of representatives of 
                institutions of higher education in eligible 
                jurisdictions serving on each Office of Science 
                advisory committee; and
                    ``(bb) for each such advisory committee, the 
                percentage of committee membership that those 
                individuals constitute; and
                    ``(V) the number of individuals from institutions 
                of higher education in eligible jurisdictions serving 
                on peer review committees.''.

    (e) Funding.--Section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 
(42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(I) Funding.--
                ``(i) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
            authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
            EPSCoR, to remain available until expended--

                    ``(I) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(II) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(III) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(IV) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                    ``(V) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.

                ``(ii) Grants to consortia.--In the case of an EPSCoR 
            grant awarded to a consortium that contains institutions of 
            higher education that are not located in eligible 
            jurisdictions, the Secretary may count--

                    ``(I) the full amount of funds expended to provide 
                the grant towards meeting the funding requirement in 
                clause (iii) if the lead entity of the consortium is an 
                institution of higher education located in an eligible 
                jurisdiction; and
                    ``(II) only the funds provided to institutions of 
                higher education located in eligible jurisdictions 
                towards meeting the funding requirement in clause (iii) 
                if the lead entity of the consortium is an institution 
                of higher education that is not located in an eligible 
                jurisdiction.

                ``(iii) Additional funds for eligible jurisdictions.--
            In addition to funds authorized to be appropriated under 
            clause (i), the Secretary, to the maximum extent 
            practicable while maintaining the competitive, merit-based 
            award processes of the Office of Science, shall ensure 
            that, of the research and development funds of the Office 
            of Science that are awarded by the Secretary each year to 
            institutions of higher education, not less than 10 percent 
            is awarded to institutions of higher education in eligible 
            jurisdictions pursuant to the evaluation and selection 
            criteria in section 605.10 of title 10, Code of Federal 
            Regulations (or successor regulations).
                ``(iv) Additional funds for equipment and 
            instrumentation.--In addition to funds authorized to be 
            appropriated under clause (i), there is authorized to be 
            appropriated to the Secretary to award grants under 
            subparagraph (F)(iii)(I) for the purpose described in item 
            (bb) of that subparagraph $25,000,000 for each of fiscal 
            years 2023 through 2027, to remain available until 
            expended.
                ``(v) Accounting.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
            the Secretary shall ensure that each program within the 
            Department of Energy that endorses an EPSCoR grant awardee 
            shall contribute funding to the award to acknowledge the 
            research benefits to the mission of that program.''.
    (f) Advisory Committees to the Office of Science.--In order to 
improve the advice and guidance provided to the Office of Science, the 
Undersecretary for Science shall seek to ensure, to the maximum extent 
practicable, the robust participation of institutions of higher 
education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) located in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in 
section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)(A))) on the Office of Science Federal Advisory Committee.
    (g) Technical Amendments.--Section 2203(b) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``(1) The Secretary'' and 
    inserting the following:
        ``(1) University research reactors.--The Secretary''; and
        (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(2) The Secretary'' and 
    inserting the following:
        ``(2) Method to evaluate effectiveness of education programs.--
    The Secretary''.
SEC. 10114. RESEARCH SECURITY.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Country of risk.--
            (A) In general.--The term ``country of risk'' means a 
        foreign country determined by the Secretary, in accordance with 
        subparagraph (B), to present a risk of theft of United States 
        intellectual property or a threat to the national security of 
        the United States if nationals of the country, or entities 
        owned or controlled by the country or nationals of the country, 
        participate in any research, development, demonstration, or 
        deployment activity authorized under this division or division 
        A or an amendment made by this division or division A.
            (B) Determination.--In making a determination under 
        subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in coordination with the 
        Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 
        shall take into consideration--
                (i) the most recent World Wide Threat Assessment of the 
            United States Intelligence Community, prepared by the 
            Director of National Intelligence; and
                (ii) the most recent National Counterintelligence 
            Strategy of the United States.
        (2) Covered support.--The term ``covered support'' means any 
    grant, contract, subcontract, award, loan, program, support, or 
    other activity authorized under this division or division A, or an 
    amendment made by this division or division A.
        (3) Entity of concern.--The term ``entity of concern'' means 
    any entity, including a national, that is--
            (A) identified under section 1237(b) of the Strom Thurmond 
        National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (50 
        U.S.C. 1701 note; Public Law 105-261);
            (B) identified under section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) 
        Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
        2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116-283);
            (C) on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry 
        and Security of the Department of Commerce and set forth in 
        Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal 
        Regulations;
            (D) included in the list required by section 9(b)(3) of the 
        Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public Law 116-145; 134 
        Stat. 656); or
            (E) identified by the Secretary, in coordination with the 
        Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 
        and the applicable office that would provide, or is providing, 
        covered support, as posing an unmanageable threat--
                (i) to the national security of the United States; or
                (ii) of theft or loss of United States intellectual 
            property.
        (4) National.--The term ``national'' has the meaning given the 
    term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
    U.S.C. 1101).
        (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Energy.
    (b) Science and Technology Risk Assessment.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop and maintain tools 
    and processes to manage and mitigate research security risks, such 
    as a science and technology risk matrix, informed by threats 
    identified by the Director of the Office of Intelligence and 
    Counterintelligence, to facilitate determinations of the risk of 
    loss of United States intellectual property or threat to the 
    national security of the United States posed by activities carried 
    out under any covered support.
        (2) Content and implementation.--In developing and using the 
    tools and processes developed under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
    shall--
            (A) deploy risk-based approaches to evaluating, awarding, 
        and managing certain research, development, demonstration, and 
        deployment activities, including designations that will 
        indicate the relative risk of activities;
            (B) assess, to the extent practicable, ongoing high-risk 
        activities;
            (C) designate an officer or employee of the Department of 
        Energy to be responsible for tracking and notifying recipients 
        of any covered support of unmanageable threats to United States 
        national security or of theft or loss of United States 
        intellectual property posed by an entity of concern;
            (D) consider requiring recipients of covered support to 
        implement additional research security mitigations for higher-
        risk activities if appropriate; and
            (E) support the development of research security training 
        for recipients of covered support on the risks posed by 
        entities of concern.
        (3) Annual updates.--The tools and processes developed under 
    paragraph (1) shall be evaluated annually and updated as needed, 
    with threat-informed input from the Office of Intelligence and 
    Counterintelligence, to reflect changes in the risk designation 
    under paragraph (2)(A) of research, development, demonstration, and 
    deployment activities conducted by the Department.
    (c) Entity of Concern.--
        (1) Prohibition.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
    entity of concern, or individual that owns or controls, is owned or 
    controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with an 
    entity of concern, may receive, or perform work under, any covered 
    support.
        (2) Waiver of prohibition.--
            (A) In general.--The Secretary may waive the prohibition 
        under paragraph (1) if determined by the Secretary to be in the 
        national interest.
            (B) Notification to congress.--Not less than 2 weeks prior 
        to issuing a waiver under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
        notify the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives of the intent to issue the waiver, 
        including a justification for the waiver.
        (3) Penalty.--
            (A) Termination of support.--On finding that any entity of 
        concern or individual described in paragraph (1) has received 
        covered support and has not received a waiver under paragraph 
        (2), the Secretary shall terminate all covered support to that 
        entity of concern or individual, as applicable.
            (B) Penalties.--An entity of concern or individual 
        identified under subparagraph (A) shall be--
                (i) prohibited from receiving or participating in 
            covered support for a period of not less than 1 year but 
            not more than 10 years, as determined by the Secretary; or
                (ii) instead of the penalty described in clause (i), 
            subject to any other penalties authorized under applicable 
            law or regulations that the Secretary determines to be in 
            the national interest.
            (C) Notification to congress.--Prior to imposing a penalty 
        under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall notify the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives of the intent to impose the penalty, including 
        a description of and justification for the penalty.
        (4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall--
            (A) share information about the unmanageable threats 
        described in subsection (a)(3)(E) with other Federal agencies; 
        and
            (B) develop consistent approaches to identifying entities 
        of concern.
    (d) International Agreements.--This section shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with the obligations of the United States under 
international agreements.
    (e) Report Required.--Not later than 240 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
that--
        (1) describes--
            (A) the tools and processes developed under subsection 
        (b)(1) and any updates to those tools and processes; and
            (B) if applicable, the science and technology risk matrix 
        developed under that subsection and how that matrix has been 
        applied;
        (2) includes a mitigation plan for managing risks posed by 
    countries of risk with respect to future or ongoing research and 
    development activities of the Department of Energy; and
        (3) defines critical research areas, designated by risk, as 
    determined by the Secretary.

TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE

SEC. 10201. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
    National Institute of Standards and Technology.
        (2) Enrollment of needy students.--The term ``enrollment of 
    needy students'' has the meaning given the term in section 312(d) 
    of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058(d)).
        (3) Framework.--The term ``Framework'' means the Framework for 
    Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity developed by the 
    National Institute of Standards and Technology and referred to in 
    Executive Order No. 13800 issued on May 11, 2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 
    22391 et seq.).
        (4) Institute.--The term ``Institute'' means the National 
    Institute of Standards and Technology.
        (5) International standards organization.--The term 
    ``international standards organization'' has the meaning given such 
    term in section 451 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 
    2571).
        (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Commerce.

              Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

SEC. 10211. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    (a) Fiscal Year 2023.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary of Commerce $1,551,450,000 for the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2023.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $979,100,000 is authorized for scientific and technical 
        research and services laboratory activities;
            (B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
        maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is authorized 
        to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
        Repairs; and
            (C) $372,350,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
        services activities, of which $275,300,000 is authorized to be 
        appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 
        278k-1, and 278l) (of which $31,000,000 is authorized to 
        establish the National Supply Chain Database under section 
        10253) and $97,050,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Manufacturing USA Program under section 34 of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (b) Fiscal Year 2024.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary of Commerce $1,651,600,000 for the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2024.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $1,047,600,000 is authorized for scientific and 
        technical research and services laboratory activities;
            (B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
        maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is authorized 
        to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
        Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and
            (C) $404,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
        services activities, of which $300,000,000 is authorized to be 
        appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 
        278k-1, and 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is authorized to 
        maintain, update, and support Federal coordination of State 
        supply chain databases maintained by the Centers (as such term 
        is defined in such section 25 of such Act)) and $104,000,000 is 
        authorized to be appropriated for the Manufacturing USA Program 
        under section 34 of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (c) Fiscal Year 2025.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary of Commerce $2,039,900,000 for the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2025.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $1,120,900,000 is authorized for scientific and 
        technical research and services laboratory activities;
            (B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
        maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is authorized 
        to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
        Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and
            (C) $719,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
        services activities, of which $550,000,000 is authorized to be 
        appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 
        278k-1, and 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is authorized to 
        maintain, update, and support Federal coordination of State 
        supply chain databases maintained by the Centers (as such term 
        is defined in such section 25 of such Act)) and $169,000,000 is 
        authorized to be appropriated for the Manufacturing USA Program 
        under section 34 of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (d) Fiscal Year 2026.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary of Commerce $2,158,400,000 for the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2026.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $1,199,400,000 is authorized for scientific and 
        technical research and services laboratory activities;
            (B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
        maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is authorized 
        to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
        Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and
            (C) $759,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
        services activities, of which $550,000,000 is authorized to be 
        appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 
        278k-1, and 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is authorized to 
        maintain, update, and support Federal coordination of State 
        supply chain databases maintained by the Centers (as such term 
        is defined in such section 25 of such Act)) and $209,000,000 is 
        authorized to be appropriated for the Manufacturing USA Program 
        under section 34 of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (e) Fiscal Year 2027.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary of Commerce $2,283,360,000 for the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2027.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $1,283,360,000 is authorized for scientific and 
        technical research and services laboratory activities;
            (B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
        maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is authorized 
        to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
        Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and
            (C) $800,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
        services activities, of which $550,000,000 is authorized to be 
        appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 
        278k-1, and 23 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is authorized to 
        maintain, update, and support Federal coordination of State 
        supply chain databases maintained by the Centers (as such term 
        is defined in such section 25 of such Act)) and $250,000,000 is 
        authorized to be appropriated for the Manufacturing USA Program 
        under section 34 of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s).

                    Subtitle B--Measurement Research

SEC. 10221. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY AND BIOMETROLOGY.
    (a) In General.--The Director, in coordination with the National 
Engineering Biology Research and Development Initiative established 
pursuant to title IV, shall--
        (1) support basic measurement science and technology research 
    for engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biometrology to 
    advance--
            (A) measurement technologies to support foundational 
        understanding of the mechanisms of conversion of DNA 
        information into cellular function;
            (B) technologies for measurement of such biomolecular 
        components and related systems;
            (C) new data tools, techniques, and processes to improve 
        engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biometrology 
        research; and
            (D) other areas of measurement science and technology 
        research determined by the Director to be critical to the 
        development and deployment of engineering biology, 
        biomanufacturing and biometrology;
        (2) support activities to inform and expand the development of 
    measurements infrastructure needed to develop technical standards 
    to establish interoperability and facilitate commercial development 
    of biomolecular measurement technology and engineering biology 
    applications;
        (3) convene industry, institutions of higher education, 
    nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, and other Federal 
    agencies engaged in engineering biology research and development to 
    develop coordinated technical roadmaps for authoritative 
    measurement of the molecular components of the cell;
        (4) provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique 
    equipment, services, materials, and other resources to industry, 
    institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and 
    government agencies to perform research and testing;
        (5) establish or expand collaborative partnerships or consortia 
    with other Federal agencies engaged in engineering biology research 
    and development, institutions of higher education, Federal 
    laboratories, and industry to advance engineering biology 
    applications; and
        (6) support graduate and postgraduate research and training in 
    biometrology, biomanufacturing, and engineering biology.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to alter the policies, processes, or practices of individual Federal 
agencies in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
Act relating to the conduct or support of biomedical research and 
advanced development, including the solicitation and review of 
extramural research proposals.
    (c) Controls.--In carrying out activities authorized by this 
section, the Secretary shall ensure proper security controls are in 
place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
SEC. 10222. GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENT RESEARCH.
    (a) In General.--The Director, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National 
Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other 
Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out a measurement 
research program to inform the development or improvement of best 
practices, benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, and technical 
standards for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and to assess 
and improve the performance of greenhouse gas emissions measurement 
systems placed in situ and on space-based platforms.
    (b) Activities.--In carrying out such a program, the Director may--
        (1) conduct research and testing to improve the accuracy, 
    efficacy, and reliability of the measurement of greenhouse gas 
    emissions at a range of scales that covers direct measurement at 
    the component or process level through atmospheric observations;
        (2) conduct research to create novel measurement technologies 
    and techniques for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions;
        (3) convene and engage with relevant Federal agencies and 
    stakeholders to establish common definitions and characterizations 
    for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions, taking into 
    account any existing United States and international technical 
    standards and guidance;
        (4) conduct outreach and coordination to share technical 
    expertise with relevant industry and nonindustry stakeholders and 
    standards development organizations to--
            (A) assist such entities in the development and adoption of 
        best practices and technical standards for greenhouse gas 
        emissions measurements; and
            (B) promote consistency and traceability in international 
        reference standards and central calibration laboratories;
        (5) in coordination with the Administrator of the National 
    Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator of the 
    Environmental Protection Agency, and the Secretary of Energy, 
    develop such standard reference materials as the Director 
    determines is necessary to further the development of such 
    technical standards, taking into account any existing United States 
    or international standards;
        (6) coordinate with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
    Administration to ensure data are managed, stewarded, and archived 
    at all levels and promote full and open exchange at Federal and 
    State levels, and with academia, industry, and other users; and
        (7) coordinate with international partners, including 
    international standards organizations, to maintain global 
    greenhouse gas measurement technical standards.
    (c) Testbeds.--In coordination with the private sector, 
institutions of higher education, State and local governments, the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental 
Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, and other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, the Director may continue to develop and 
manage testbeds to advance research and standards development for 
greenhouse gas emissions measurements from in situ and space-based 
platforms.
    (d) Center for Greenhouse Gas Measurements, Standards, and 
Information.--
        (1) In general.--The Director, in collaboration with the 
    Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
    Administration, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
    Agency, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
    shall establish a Center for Greenhouse Gas Measurements, 
    Standards, and Information (in this subsection referred to as the 
    ``Center'').
        (2) Collaborations.--The Director shall require that the 
    activities of the Center include collaboration among public and 
    private organizations, including institutions of higher education, 
    nonprofit organizations, private sector entities, and State, 
    Tribal, territorial, and local officials.
        (3) Purpose.--The purpose of the Center shall be to--
            (A) advance measurement science, data analytics, and 
        modeling at a range of scales that covers direct measurement 
        and estimation at the component or process level through 
        atmospheric observations and at the analysis level to improve 
        the accuracy of spatially and temporally resolved greenhouse 
        gas emissions measurement, validation, and attribution to 
        specific underlying activities and processes;
            (B) test and evaluate the performance of existing 
        capabilities, and inform and improve best practices, 
        benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, and technical standards, 
        for the measurement and validation of greenhouse gas emissions 
        at scales noted in subparagraph (A);
            (C) educate and train students in measurement science, 
        computational science, and systems engineering research 
        relevant to greenhouse gas emissions measurements;
            (D) foster collaboration among academic researchers, 
        private sector stakeholders, and State, Tribal, territorial, 
        and local officials in the use of Institute testbeds as 
        described in subsection (c);
            (E) conduct activities with research institutions, industry 
        partners, and State and local officials to identify research, 
        testing, and technical standards needs relevant to greenhouse 
        gas emissions; and
            (F) collaborate with other Federal agencies to conduct 
        outreach and coordination to share and promote technical data, 
        tools, and expertise with relevant public and private sector 
        stakeholders, including State, Tribal, territorial, and local 
        officials, to assist such in the accurate measurement of 
        greenhouse gas emissions.
SEC. 10223. NIST AUTHORITY FOR CYBERSECURITY AND PRIVACY ACTIVITIES.
    Subsection (c) of section 2 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (16), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting a semicolon;
        (2) by redesignating paragraphs (16) through (27) as paragraphs 
    (21) through (32), respectively; and
        (3) by inserting after paragraph (15) the following:
        ``(16) support information security measures for the 
    development and lifecycle of software and the software supply 
    chain, including development of voluntary, consensus-based 
    technical standards, best practices, frameworks, methodologies, 
    procedures, processes, and software engineering toolkits and 
    configurations;
        ``(17) support information security measures, including 
    voluntary, consensus-based technical standards, best practices, and 
    guidelines, for the design, adoption, and deployment of cloud 
    computing services;
        ``(18) support research, development, and practical application 
    to improve the usability of cybersecurity processes and 
    technologies;
        ``(19) facilitate and support the development of a voluntary, 
    consensus-based set of technical standards, guidelines, best 
    practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes to improve 
    privacy protections in systems, technologies, and processes used by 
    both the public and private sector;
        ``(20) support privacy measures, including voluntary, 
    consensus-based technical standards, best practices, guidelines, 
    metrology, and testbeds for the design, adoption, and deployment of 
    privacy enhancing technologies;''.
SEC. 10224. SOFTWARE SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION.
    (a) Vulnerabilities in Open Source Software.--The Director shall 
assign severity metrics to identified vulnerabilities with open source 
software and produce voluntary guidance to assist the entities that 
maintain open source software repositories to discover and mitigate 
vulnerabilities.
    (b) Artificial Intelligence-enabled Defenses.--The Director shall 
carry out research and testing to improve the effectiveness of 
artificial intelligence-enabled cybersecurity, including by generating 
optimized data sets to train artificial intelligence defense systems 
and evaluating the performance of varying network architectures at 
strengthening network security.
    (c) Authentication of Institute Software.--The Director shall 
ensure all software released by the Institute is digitally signed and 
maintained to enable stakeholders to verify its authenticity and 
integrity upon installation and execution.
    (d) Assistance to Inspectors General.--Subject to available 
funding, the Director shall provide technical assistance to improve the 
education and training of individual Federal agency Inspectors General 
and staff who are responsible for the annual independent evaluation 
they are required to perform of the information security program and 
practices of Federal agencies under section 3555 of title 44, United 
States Code.
    (e) Software Supply Chain Security Practices.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall, in coordination with 
    industry, academia, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
    develop a set of security outcomes and practices, including 
    security controls, control enhancements, supplemental guidance, or 
    other supporting information to enable software developers and 
    operators to identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks over 
    the full lifecycle of software products.
        (2) Outreach.--The Director shall conduct outreach and 
    coordination activities to share technical expertise with Federal 
    agencies, relevant industry stakeholders, and standards development 
    organizations, as appropriate, to encourage the voluntary adoption 
    of the software lifecycle security practices by Federal agencies 
    and industry stakeholders.
SEC. 10225. DIGITAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH.
    Section 504 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 
7464) is amended to read as follows:
    ``SEC. 504. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    ``(a) In General.--The Director shall carry out a program of 
research to support the development of voluntary, consensus-based 
technical standards, best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, 
metrology, testbeds, and conformance criteria for identity management, 
taking into account appropriate user concerns to--
        ``(1) improve interoperability and portability among identity 
    management technologies;
        ``(2) strengthen identity proofing and verification methods 
    used in identity management systems commensurate with the level of 
    risk, including identity and attribute validation services provided 
    by Federal, State, and local governments;
        ``(3) improve privacy protection in identity management 
    systems; and
        ``(4) improve the accuracy, usability, and inclusivity of 
    identity management systems.
    ``(b) Digital Identity Technical Roadmap.--The Director, in 
consultation with other relevant Federal agencies and stakeholders from 
the private sector, shall develop and maintain a technical roadmap for 
digital identity management research and development focused on 
enabling the voluntary use and adoption of modern digital identity 
solutions that align with the four criteria in subsection (a).
    ``(c) Digital Identity Management Guidance.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall develop, and periodically 
    update, in collaboration with other public and private sector 
    organizations, common definitions and voluntary guidance for 
    digital identity management systems, including identity and 
    attribute validation services provided by Federal, State, and local 
    governments.
        ``(2) Guidance.--The Guidance shall--
            ``(A) align with the four criteria in subsection (a), as 
        practicable;
            ``(B) provide case studies of implementation of guidance;
            ``(C) incorporate voluntary technical standards and 
        industry best practices; and
            ``(D) not prescribe or otherwise require the use of 
        specific technology products or services.
        ``(3) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
    Director shall consult with--
            ``(A) Federal and State agencies;
            ``(B) industry;
            ``(C) potential end-users and individuals that will use 
        services related to digital identity verification; and
            ``(D) experts with relevant experience in the systems that 
        enable digital identity verification, as determined by the 
        Director.''.
SEC. 10226. BIOMETRICS RESEARCH AND TESTING.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 
establish a program to support measurement research to inform the 
development of best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, 
and voluntary, consensus-based technical standards for biometric 
identification systems, including facial recognition systems, to assess 
and improve the performance of such systems. In carrying out such 
program, the Director may--
        (1) conduct measurement research to support efforts to improve 
    the performance of biometric identification systems, including in 
    areas related to conformity assessment, image quality and 
    interoperability, contactless biometric capture technologies, and 
    human-in-the-loop biometric identification systems and processes;
        (2) convene and engage with relevant stakeholders to establish 
    common definitions and characterizations for biometric 
    identification systems, which may include accuracy, fairness, bias, 
    privacy, consent, and other properties, taking into account 
    definitions in relevant international technical standards and other 
    publications;
        (3) carry out measurement research and testing on a range of 
    biometric modalities, such as fingerprints, voice, iris, face, 
    vein, behavioral biometrics, genetics, multimodal biometrics, and 
    emerging applications of biometric identification technology;
        (4) study the use of privacy-enhancing technologies and other 
    technical protective controls to facilitate access, as appropriate, 
    to public data sets for biometric research;
        (5) conduct outreach and coordination to share technical 
    expertise with relevant industry and nonindustry stakeholders and 
    standards development organizations to assist such entities in the 
    development of best practices and voluntary technical standards; 
    and
        (6) develop such standard reference artifacts as the Director 
    determines is necessary to further the development of such 
    voluntary technical standards.
    (b) Biometrics Test Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Director, 
    shall carry out a test program to provide biometrics vendors the 
    opportunity to test biometric identification technologies across a 
    range of modalities.
        (2) Activities.--In carrying out the program under this 
    subsection, the Director shall--
            (A) conduct research and regular testing to improve and 
        benchmark the accuracy, efficacy, and bias of biometric 
        identification technologies, which may include research and 
        testing on demographic variations, capture devices, 
        presentation attack detection, partially occluded or computer 
        generated images, privacy and security designs and controls, 
        template protection, de-identification, and comparison of 
        algorithm, human, and combined algorithm-human recognition 
        capability;
            (B) develop an approach for testing software and cloud-
        based biometrics applications, including remote systems, in 
        Institute test facilities;
            (C) establish reference use cases for biometric 
        identification technologies and performance criteria for 
        assessing each use case, including accuracy, efficacy, and bias 
        metrics;
            (D) produce public-facing reports of the findings from such 
        testing for a general audience;
            (E) develop policies and procedures accounting for the 
        legal and social implications of activities under this 
        paragraph when working with a foreign entity of concern (as 
        such term is defined in section 10612);
            (F) establish procedures to prioritize testing of 
        biometrics identification technologies developed by entities 
        headquartered in the United States; and
            (G) conduct such other activities as determined necessary 
        by the Director.
    (c) GAO Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit a detailed report to Congress on the impact 
of biometric identification technologies on historically marginalized 
communities, including low-income communities and minority religious, 
racial, and ethnic groups. Such report should be made publicly 
available on an internet website.
SEC. 10227. FEDERAL BIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.
    Subsection (b) of section 20 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
        (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and inserting ``; 
    and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) performance standards and guidelines for high risk 
    biometric identification systems, including facial recognition 
    systems, accounting for various use cases, types of biometric 
    identification systems, and relevant operational conditions.''.
SEC. 10228. PROTECTING RESEARCH FROM CYBERSECURITY THEFT.
    Subparagraph (A) of section 2(e)(1) of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(e)(1)) is amended--
        (1) in clause (viii), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
        (2) by redesignating clause (ix) as clause (x); and
        (3) by inserting after clause (viii) the following:
                ``(ix) consider institutions of higher education (as 
            such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education 
            Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); and''.
SEC. 10229. DISSEMINATION OF RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS.
    (a) Dissemination of Resources for Research Institutions.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Director shall, using the authorities of 
    the Director under subsections (c)(15) and (e)(1)(A)(ix) of section 
    2 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
    U.S.C. 272), disseminate and make publicly available tailored 
    resources to help qualifying institutions identify, assess, manage, 
    and reduce their cybersecurity risk related to conducting research.
        (2) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that the resources 
    disseminated pursuant to paragraph (1)--
            (A) are generally applicable and usable by a wide range of 
        qualifying institutions;
            (B) vary with the nature and size of the qualifying 
        institutions, and the nature and sensitivity of the data 
        collected or stored on the information systems or devices of 
        the qualifying institutions;
            (C) include elements that promote awareness of simple, 
        basic controls, a workplace cybersecurity culture, and third-
        party stakeholder relationships, to assist qualifying 
        institutions in mitigating common cybersecurity risks;
            (D) include case studies, examples, and scenarios of 
        practical application;
            (E) are outcomes-based and can be implemented using a 
        variety of technologies that are commercial and off-the-shelf; 
        and
            (F) to the extent practicable, are based on international 
        technical standards.
        (3) National cybersecurity awareness and education program.--
    The Director shall ensure that the resources disseminated under 
    paragraph (1) are consistent with the efforts of the Director under 
    section 303 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 
    7443).
        (4) Updates.--The Director shall review periodically and update 
    the resources under paragraph (1) as the Director determines 
    appropriate.
        (5) Voluntary resources.--The use of the resources disseminated 
    under paragraph (1) shall be considered voluntary.
    (b) Other Federal Cybersecurity Requirements.--Nothing in this 
section may be construed to supersede, alter, or otherwise affect any 
cybersecurity requirements applicable to Federal agencies.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Qualifying institutions.--The term ``qualifying 
    institutions'' means institutions of higher education that are 
    awarded in excess of $50,000,000 per year in total Federal research 
    funding.
        (2) Resources.--The term ``resources'' means guidelines, tools, 
    best practices, technical standards, methodologies, and other ways 
    of providing information.
SEC. 10230. ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH.
    The National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
271 et seq.) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating section 35 as section 36; and
        (2) by inserting after section 34 the following:
  ``SEC. 35. ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.
    ``(a) Advanced Communications Research.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director, in consultation with the 
    Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information, the 
    Director of the National Science Foundation, and heads of other 
    Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out a program of 
    measurement research for advanced communications technologies.
        ``(2) Research areas.--Research areas may include--
            ``(A) radio frequency emissions and interference, including 
        technologies and techniques to mitigate such emissions and 
        interference;
            ``(B) advanced antenna arrays and artificial intelligence 
        systems capable of operating advanced antenna arrays;
            ``(C) artificial intelligence systems to enable internet of 
        things networks, immersive technology, and other advanced 
        communications technologies;
            ``(D) network sensing and monitoring technologies;
            ``(E) technologies to enable spectrum flexibility and 
        agility;
            ``(F) optical and quantum communications technologies;
            ``(G) security of advanced communications systems;
            ``(H) public safety communications;
            ``(I) resilient internet of things applications for 
        advanced manufacturing; and
            ``(J) other research areas determined necessary by the 
        Director.
        ``(3) Testbeds.--In coordination with the Assistant Secretary 
    for Communications and Information, the private sector, and other 
    Federal agencies as appropriate, the Director may develop and 
    manage testbeds for research and development of advanced 
    communications technologies, avoiding duplication of existing 
    testbeds run by other agencies or the private sector.
        ``(4) Outreach.--In carrying out the activities under this 
    subsection, the Director shall seek input from other Federal 
    agencies and from private sector stakeholders, on an ongoing basis, 
    to help inform research and development priorities, including 
    through workshops and other multistakeholder activities.
        ``(5) Technical roadmaps.--In carrying out the activities under 
    this subsection, the Director shall convene industry, institutions 
    of higher education, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, 
    and other Federal agencies engaged in advanced communications 
    research and development to develop, and periodically update, 
    coordinated technical roadmaps for advanced communications research 
    in priority areas, such as those described in paragraph (2).
    ``(b) National Advanced Spectrum and Communications Test Network.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director, in coordination with the 
    Administrator of the National Telecommunications and Information 
    Administration and heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
    shall operate a national network of government, academic, and 
    commercial test capabilities and facilities to be known as the 
    National Advanced Spectrum and Communications Test Network 
    (referred to in this section as `NASCTN').
        ``(2) Purposes.--NASCTN shall be for the purposes of 
    facilitating and coordinating the use of intellectual capacity, 
    modeling and simulation, laboratory facilities, and test facilities 
    to meet national spectrum interests and challenges, including--
            ``(A) measurements and analyses of electromagnetic 
        propagation, radio systems characteristics, and operating 
        techniques affecting the utilization of the electromagnetic 
        spectrum in coordination with specialized, related research and 
        analysis performed by other Federal agencies in their areas of 
        responsibility;
            ``(B) conducting research and analysis in the general field 
        of telecommunications sciences in support of the Institute's 
        mission and in support of other Government agencies;
            ``(C) developing methodologies for testing, measuring, and 
        setting guidelines for interference;
            ``(D) conducting interference tests to better understand 
        the impact of current and proposed Federal and commercial 
        spectrum activities;
            ``(E) conducting research and testing to improve spectrum 
        interference tolerance, flexibility, agility, and interference 
        mitigation methods; and
            ``(F) other activities as determined necessary by the 
        Director.''.
SEC. 10231. NEUTRON SCATTERING.
    (a) Strategic Plan for the Institute Neutron Reactor.--The Director 
shall develop a strategic plan for the future of the NIST Center for 
Neutron Research after the current neutron reactor is decommissioned, 
including--
        (1) a succession plan for the reactor, including a roadmap with 
    timeline and milestones;
        (2) conceptual design of a new reactor and accompanying 
    facilities, as appropriate; and
        (3) a plan to minimize disruptions to the user community during 
    the transition.
    (b) Coordination With the Department of Energy.--The Secretary, 
acting through the Director, shall coordinate with the Secretary of 
Energy on issues related to Federal support for neutron science, 
including estimation of long-term needs for research using neutron 
sources, and planning efforts for future facilities to meet such needs.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 30 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to Congress the plan 
required under subsection (a), and shall notify Congress of any 
substantial updates to such plan in subsequent years.
SEC. 10232. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall continue to support the 
development of artificial intelligence and data science, and carry out 
the activities of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act 
of 2020 authorized in division E of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283), including through--
        (1) expanding the Institute's capabilities, including 
    scientific staff and research infrastructure;
        (2) supporting measurement research and development for 
    advanced computer chips and hardware designed for artificial 
    intelligence systems;
        (3) supporting the development of technical standards and 
    guidelines that promote safe and trustworthy artificial 
    intelligence systems, such as enhancing the accuracy, 
    explainability, privacy, reliability, robustness, safety, security, 
    and mitigation of harmful bias in artificial intelligence systems;
        (4) creating a framework for managing risks associated with 
    artificial intelligence systems; and
        (5) developing and publishing cybersecurity tools, encryption 
    methods, and best practices for artificial intelligence and data 
    science.
    (b) AI Testbeds.--Section 22A of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Testbeds.--In coordination with other Federal agencies as 
appropriate, the private sector, and institutions of higher education 
(as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), the Director may establish testbeds, including 
in virtual environments, to support the development of robust and 
trustworthy artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, 
including testbeds that examine the vulnerabilities and conditions that 
may lead to failure in, malfunction of, or attacks on such systems.''.
SEC. 10233. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.
    In accordance with section 263 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 9303), the Director 
shall carry out activities in support of sustainable chemistry, 
including coordinating and partnering with academia, industry, 
nonprofit organizations, and other entities in activities to support 
clean, safe, and economic alternatives, technologies, and methodologies 
to traditional chemical products and processes.
SEC. 10234. PREMISE PLUMBING RESEARCH.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 
create a program, in consultation with the Environmental Protection 
Agency, for premise plumbing research, including to--
        (1) conduct metrology research on premise plumbing in relation 
    to water safety, security, efficiency, sustainability, and 
    resilience; and
        (2) coordinate research activities with academia, the private 
    sector, nonprofit organizations, and other Federal agencies.
    (b) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the term ``premise 
plumbing'' means the water distribution system located within the 
property lines of a property, including all buildings and permanent 
structures on such property. Such term includes building supply and 
distribution pipes, fixtures, fittings, water heaters, water-treating 
and water-using equipment, and all respective joints, connections, 
devices, and appurtenances.
SEC. 10235. DR. DAVID SATCHER CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION GRANT PROGRAM.
    (a) Authorization of Grants.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, 
    the Director shall carry out the Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity 
    Education Grant Program by--
            (A) awarding grants to assist institutions of higher 
        education that have an enrollment of needy students, 
        historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges 
        and Universities, and minority-serving institutions, to 
        establish or expand cybersecurity programs, to build and 
        upgrade institutional capacity to better support new or 
        existing cybersecurity programs, including cybersecurity 
        partnerships with public and private entities, and to support 
        such institutions on the path to producing qualified entrants 
        in the cybersecurity workforce or becoming a National Center of 
        Academic Excellence in Cybersecurity; and
            (B) awarding grants to build capacity at institutions of 
        higher education that have an enrollment of needy students, 
        historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges 
        and Universities, and minority-serving institutions, to expand 
        cybersecurity education opportunities, cybersecurity programs, 
        cybersecurity research, and cybersecurity partnerships with 
        public and private entities.
        (2) Reservation.--The Director shall award not less than 50 
    percent of the amount available for grants under this section to 
    historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges and 
    Universities, and minority-serving institutions.
        (3) Coordination.--The Director shall carry out this section in 
    coordination with appropriate Federal agencies, including the 
    Departments of Homeland Security, Education, and Labor.
        (4) Sunset.--The Director's authority to award grants under 
    paragraph (1) shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the 
    date the Director first awards a grant under paragraph (1).
    (b) Applications.--An eligible institution seeking a grant under 
subsection (a) shall submit an application to the Director at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director 
may reasonably require, including a statement of how the institution 
will use the funds awarded through the grant to expand cybersecurity 
education opportunities at the eligible institution.
    (c) Activities.--An eligible institution that receives a grant 
under this section may use the funds awarded through such grant for 
increasing research, education, technical, partnership, and innovation 
capacity, including for--
        (1) building and upgrading institutional capacity to better 
    support new or existing cybersecurity programs, including 
    cybersecurity partnerships with public and private entities;
        (2) building and upgrading institutional capacity to provide 
    hands-on research and training experiences for undergraduate and 
    graduate students; and
        (3) outreach and recruitment to ensure students are aware of 
    such new or existing cybersecurity programs, including 
    cybersecurity partnerships with public and private entities.
    (d) Reporting Requirements.--Not later than--
        (1) one year after the effective date of this section, as 
    provided in subsection (f), and annually thereafter until the 
    Director submits the report under paragraph (2), the Director shall 
    prepare and submit to Congress a report on the status and progress 
    of implementation of the grant program under this section, 
    including on the number and demographics of institutions 
    participating, the number and nature of students served by 
    cybersecurity programs at institutions receiving grants, as well as 
    the number of certificates or degrees awarded through such 
    cybersecurity programs, the level of funding provided to grant 
    recipients, the types of activities being funded by the grants 
    program, and plans for future implementation and development; and
        (2) five years after the effective date of this section, as 
    provided in subsection (f), the Director shall prepare and submit 
    to Congress a report on the status of cybersecurity education 
    programming and capacity-building at institutions receiving grants 
    under this section, including changes in the scale and scope of 
    these programs, associated facilities, or in accreditation status, 
    and on the educational and employment outcomes of students 
    participating in cybersecurity programs that have received support 
    under this section.
    (e) Performance Metrics.--The Director shall establish performance 
metrics for grants awarded under this section.
    (f) Effective Date.--This section shall take effect 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act.

                     Subtitle C--General Activities

SEC. 10241. EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH AND SUPPORT FOR UNDERREPRESENTED 
COMMUNITIES.
    Section 18 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-1) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), in the second sentence--
            (A) by striking ``may'' and inserting ``shall''; and
            (B) by striking ``academia'' and inserting ``diverse types 
        of institutions of higher education, including historically 
        Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges and 
        Universities, and minority-serving institutions, and community 
        colleges''; and
        (2) in subsection (e)--
            (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (C) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
        ``(6) conduct outreach to and develop research collaborations 
    with historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges 
    or Universities, and minority serving institutions, including 
    through the recruitment of students and faculty at such 
    institutions to participate in programs developed under paragraph 
    (3);
        ``(7) conduct outreach to and develop research collaborations 
    with community colleges, including through the recruitment of 
    students and faculty at such institutions to participate in 
    programs developed under paragraph (3);
        ``(8) carry out other activities to increase the participation 
    of persons historically underrepresented in STEM in the Institute's 
    programs; and
        ``(9) conduct outreach to and develop collaborations with 
    nontraditional educational organizations, including those that 
    offer training through nonprofit associations and professional 
    associations or professional societies, to engage persons 
    historically underrepresented in STEM through programs developed 
    under this subsection.''.
SEC. 10242. OTHER TRANSACTIONS AUTHORITY.
    (a) In General.--Paragraph (4) of section 2(b) of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(b)) is amended 
to read as follows:
        ``(4) to enter into and perform such contracts, including 
    cooperative research and development arrangements and grants and 
    cooperative agreements or other transactions, as may be necessary 
    in the conduct of its work and on such terms as it may determine 
    appropriate, in furtherance of the purposes of this Act;''.
    (b) Reporting.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and not less than annually thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a 
report on the use of agreements, activities, and associated funding for 
transactions (other than contracts, cooperative agreements, and grants) 
described in paragraph (4) of section 2(b) of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (as amended by subsection (a)), including 
the following elements:
        (1) A description of when the other transactions authority 
    described in such amended paragraph was used and for what purpose.
        (2) A description of why such other transactions authority was 
    required.
        (3) Steps taken to ensure necessary and sufficient oversight of 
    Federal Government requirements implemented using such other 
    transactions authority.
SEC. 10243. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON COLLABORATIONS WITH GOVERNMENT 
AGENCIES.
    Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Director shall submit a report to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate 
describing the Institute's challenges with respect to collaboration 
between the Institute and other Federal agencies. The report shall 
include, at a minimum--
        (1) an assessment of the challenges that arise with interagency 
    collaboration, including transfer of funds with a limited period of 
    availability to the Institute and issues with sharing personnel, 
    associates, facilities, and property with collaborating agencies; 
    and
        (2) descriptions of projects that were disrupted due to the 
    challenges outlined in paragraph (1).
SEC. 10244. HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS.
    Section 6 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
(15 U.S.C. 275) is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 6. HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS.
    ``(a) In General.--The officers and employees of the Institute, 
except the director, shall be appointed by the Secretary at such time 
as their respective services may become necessary.
    ``(b) Hiring Critical Technical Experts.--Notwithstanding section 
3104 of title 5 or the provisions of any other law relating to the 
appointment, number, classification, or compensation of employees, the 
Secretary shall have the authority to make appointments of scientific, 
engineering, and professional personnel, and to fix the basic pay of 
such personnel at a rate to be determined by the Secretary at rates not 
in excess of the highest total annual compensation payable at the rate 
determined under section 104 of title 3, United States Code. The 
Director shall appoint not more than 15 personnel under this section.
    ``(c) Sunset.--The authority under section (b) shall expire on the 
date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this 
section.''.
SEC. 10245. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) the principles of openness, transparency, due process, 
    balance of interests, appeals, and consensus in the development of 
    international standards are critical;
        (2) voluntary consensus standards, developed through an 
    industry-led process, serve as the cornerstone of the United States 
    standardization system and have become the basis of a sound 
    national economy and the key to global market access;
        (3) strengthening the unique United States public-private 
    partnerships approach to standards development is critical to 
    United States economic competitiveness; and
        (4) the United States Government should ensure cooperation and 
    coordination across Federal agencies to partner with and support 
    private sector stakeholders to continue to shape international 
    dialogues in regard to standards development for emerging 
    technologies.
    (b) International Standards Engagement.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall lead information exchange 
    and coordination among Federal agencies and communication from 
    Federal agencies to the private sector of the United States to 
    ensure effective Federal engagement in the development and use of 
    international technical standards.
        (2) Requirements.--To support private sector-led engagement and 
    ensure effective Federal engagement in the development and use of 
    international technical standards, the Director shall consider--
            (A) the role and needs of the Federal Government with 
        respect to international technical standards;
            (B) organizations developing international technical 
        standards of interest to the United States, United States 
        representation and influence in these organizations, and key 
        contributors for technical and leadership expertise in these 
        organizations;
            (C) support for persons with domain subject matter 
        expertise, especially from small businesses located in the 
        United States, to influence and engage in technical standards 
        leadership positions, working groups and meetings;
            (D) opportunities for partnerships for supporting 
        international technical standards from across the Federal 
        Government, Federally funded research and development centers, 
        university-affiliated research centers, institutions of higher 
        education, industry, industry associations, nonprofit 
        organizations, and other key contributors;
            (E) support for activities to encourage the adoption of 
        technical standards developed in the United States to be 
        adopted by international standards organizations; and
            (F) other activities determined by the Director to be 
        necessary to support United States participation in 
        international standards development, economic competitiveness, 
        and national security in the development and use of 
        international technical standards.
    (c) Capacity Building Guidance.--The Director shall support 
education and workforce development efforts to promote United States 
participation in international standards organizations. The Director 
shall--
        (1) identify and create, as appropriate, technical standards 
    education and training resources for interested businesses, 
    industry associations, academia, nonprofit organizations, Federal 
    agencies, and other relevant standards contributors, including 
    activities targeted at integrating standards content into 
    undergraduate and graduate curricula in science, engineering, 
    business, public policy, and law;
        (2) conduct outreach, including to private sector leaders, to 
    support engagement by more United States stakeholders in 
    international technical standards development; and
        (3) other activities determined necessary by the Director to 
    support increased engagement, influence, and leadership of United 
    States organizations in the development of international technical 
    standards.
    (d) Capacity Building Pilot Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Director, in coordination with the 
    Director of the National Science Foundation, and the heads of other 
    relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall establish or enter 
    into cooperative agreements with appropriate nongovernmental 
    organizations to establish a 5-year pilot program to award grants, 
    on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis, to private sector entities, 
    institutions of higher education, or nonprofit institutions based 
    in the United States to support increased participation and 
    leadership by small business and academic interests in 
    international standards organizations.
        (2) Use of funds.--Grants awarded to eligible entities under 
    this subsection may be used to cover reasonable costs, up to a 
    specified ceiling set by the Director, of activities to support 
    increased engagement and leadership of eligible entity employees in 
    international standards organizations, which may include costs 
    associated with--
            (A) travel;
            (B) education and training;
            (C) dues or fees related to participation in technical 
        standards development activities; and
            (D) other such costs that the Director determines may 
        reasonably support participation of the eligible entity in 
        international standards organizations.
        (3) Award criteria.--The Director shall ensure that award 
    decisions made under this subsection take into account the extent 
    to which the eligible entity--
            (A) employs full-time an individual or individuals who 
        demonstrate deep technical standards expertise;
            (B) employs full-time an individual or individuals who 
        demonstrate knowledge with the processes of the standards 
        development organization in which the eligible entity intends 
        to engage using grant funds;
            (C) proposes a feasible set of standard deliverables to be 
        completed over the period of the grant;
            (D) explains how the eligible entity will fund additional 
        standards-related activities necessary to achieve the 
        deliverables referred to in subparagraph (C) if the grant funds 
        are insufficient to cover all costs of such activities;
            (E) commits personnel with appropriate expertise to 
        regularly engage in relevant international organizations 
        responsible for developing technical standards over the period 
        of the grant; and
            (F) identifies a clearly defined current or anticipated 
        market need or gap that would be addressed by their standards 
        development proposal.
        (4) Eligibility.--A small business concern (as such term is 
    defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632) 
    based in the United States, an institution of higher education, or 
    a nonprofit institution (as such term is defined in section 4 of 
    the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
    3703)) shall be eligible to receive grants under this program.
        (5) Guidance on application and award process.--The Director 
    shall develop, and periodically update, guidance, including 
    eligibility, applicant disclosure requirements, grant amount and 
    duration, the merit review process, priority areas for standards 
    development, and any additional requirements for how grants are 
    awarded under this subsection.
        (6) Merit review process.--The Director shall ensure that 
    grants under this subsection are awarded based on a competitive, 
    merit review process including the use of merit review panels that 
    may include experts from both government, the private sector, and, 
    as appropriate, academic, nonprofit, or other organizations as the 
    Director determines appropriate.
        (7) Consultation.--In carrying out the pilot program 
    established under this subsection, the Director shall consult with 
    other Federal agencies, private sector organizations, institutions 
    of higher education, and nonprofit organizations to help inform the 
    pilot program, including the guidance developed under paragraph 
    (5).
        (8) Report to congress.--The Director shall brief Congress 
    after the second year of the pilot program and each year following 
    that includes the following:
            (A) An assessment of the effectiveness of the pilot program 
        for improving the participation of United States small 
        businesses, United States institutions of higher education, or 
        other nonprofit research institutions in international 
        standards organizations, including--
                (i) the type of activities supported, including 
            leadership roles;
                (ii) the international standards organizations 
            participated in; and
                (iii) the technical areas covered by the activities.
            (B) If determined effective, a plan for permanent 
        implementation of the pilot program.
SEC. 10246. STANDARD TECHNICAL UPDATE.
    (a) National Institute of Standards and Technology Act Updates.--
The National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 271) 
is amended--
        (1) by amending subsection (a) of section 17 (15 U.S.C. 278g) 
    to read as follows:
    ``(a) The Secretary is authorized, notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, to expend such sums, within the limit of appropriated 
funds, as the Secretary may determine desirable through direct support 
for activities of international organizations and foreign national 
metrology institutes with which the Institute cooperates to advance 
measurement methods, technical standards, and related basic 
technologies, for official representation, to host official receptions, 
dinners, and similar events, and to otherwise extend official 
courtesies, including transportation of foreign dignitaries and 
representatives of foreign national metrology institutes to and from 
the Institute, for the purpose of maintaining the standing and prestige 
of the Department of Commerce and the Institute, through the grant of 
fellowships or other appropriate form of financial or logistical 
assistance or support to foreign nationals not in service to the 
Government of the United States while they are performing scientific or 
engineering work at the Institute or participating in the exchange of 
scientific or technical information at the Institute.''; and
        (2) in section 20 (15 U.S.C. 278g-3)--
            (A) in subsection (c), by amending paragraph (3) to read as 
        follows:
        ``(3) submit such standards and guidelines to the Secretary of 
    Commerce for promulgation under section 11331 of title 40;''; and
            (B) in subsection (d)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Director of the 
            Office of Management and Budget'' and inserting ``Secretary 
            of Commerce''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (8), by striking ``Director of 
            Management and Budget with such standards submitted to the 
            Director'' and inserting ``Secretary of Commerce with such 
            standards submitted to the Secretary''.
    (b) Stevenson-Wydler Updates.--The Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1) of section 17(c) (15 U.S.C. 3711a(c))--
            (A) by moving each of subparagraphs (D) and (E) two ems to 
        the left; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(G) Community.''; and
        (2) in subsection (m) of section 26 (15 U.S.C. 3721)--
            (A) by striking paragraph (2);
            (B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2); and
            (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated, by striking ``and 
        the Comptroller General's review under paragraph (2)''.
    (c) American Innovation and Competitiveness Act Update.--Section 
113 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (15 U.S.C. 278e 
note) is repealed.
    (d) Clerical Amendment.--The item relating to section 113 in the 
table of contents in section 1(b) of the American Innovation and 
Competitiveness Act is repealed.
    (e) Federal Energy Management Improvement Act Update.--Section 4 of 
the Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 5001) 
is amended--
        (1) by striking ``Secretary of Commerce'' and ``Secretary'' 
    each place either such term appears and inserting ``Consumer 
    Product Safety Commission'';
        (2) by redesignating the second subsection (c) as subsection 
    (e); and
        (3) in subsection (g), by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as 
    paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively.
    (f) Title 40, United States Code.--Section 11331 of title 40, 
United States Code, is amended by striking subsections (a) through (d) 
and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Standards and Guidelines.--
        ``(1) Authority to prescribe.--Except as provided under 
    paragraph (2), the Secretary of Commerce shall, on the basis of 
    standards and guidelines developed by the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology pursuant to paragraphs (2) and (3) of 
    section 20(a) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3(a)), prescribe standards and guidelines 
    pertaining to Federal information systems.
        ``(2) National security systems.--Standards and guidelines for 
    national security systems shall be developed, prescribed, enforced, 
    and overseen as otherwise authorized by law and as directed by the 
    President.
    ``(b) Mandatory Requirements.--
        ``(1) Authority to make mandatory.--Except as provided under 
    paragraph (2), the Secretary of Commerce shall make standards 
    prescribed under subsection (a)(1) compulsory and binding to the 
    extent determined necessary by the Secretary to improve the 
    efficiency of operation or security of Federal information systems.
        ``(2) Required mandatory standards.--
            ``(A) In general.--Standards prescribed under subsection 
        (a)(1) shall include information security standards that--
                ``(i) provide minimum information security requirements 
            as determined under section 20(b) of the National Institute 
            of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3(b)); and
                ``(ii) are otherwise necessary to improve the security 
            of Federal information and information systems.
            ``(B) Requirement.--Information security standards 
        described in subparagraph (A) shall be compulsory and binding.
    ``(c) Authority to Disapprove or Modify.--The President may 
disapprove or modify the standards and guidelines referred to in 
subsection (a)(1) if the President determines such action to be in the 
public interest. The President's authority to disapprove or modify such 
standards and guidelines may not be delegated. Notice of such 
disapproval or modification shall be published promptly in the Federal 
Register. Upon receiving notice of such disapproval or modification, 
the Secretary of Commerce shall immediately rescind or modify such 
standards or guidelines as directed by the President.
    ``(d) Exercise of Authority.--To ensure fiscal and policy 
consistency, the Secretary of Commerce shall exercise the authority 
conferred by this section subject to direction by the President and in 
coordination with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
    ``(e) Application of More Stringent Standards.--The head of an 
executive agency may employ standards for the cost-effective 
information security for Federal information systems within or under 
the supervision of that agency that are more stringent than the 
standards the Secretary prescribes under this section if the more 
stringent standards--
        ``(1) contain at least the applicable standards made compulsory 
    and binding by the Secretary of Commerce; and
        ``(2) are otherwise consistent with policies and guidelines 
    issued under section 3553 of title 44.
    ``(f) Decisions on Promulgation of Standards.--The decision by the 
Secretary of Commerce regarding the promulgation of any standard under 
this section shall occur not later than 6 months after the submission 
of the proposed standard to the Secretary by the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, as provided under section 20 of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3).
    ``(g) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Federal information system.--The term `Federal 
    information system' means an information system used or operated by 
    an executive agency, by a contractor of an executive agency, or by 
    another organization on behalf of an executive agency.
        ``(2) Information security.--The term `information security' 
    has the meaning given that term in section 3552(b)(3) of title 44.
        ``(3) National security system.--The term `national security 
    system' has the meaning given that term in section 3552(b)(6) of 
    title 44.''.
    (g) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--Paragraph (2) of section 
20(a) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278g-3(a)) is amended by striking ``section 3552(b)(5) of title 
44, United States Code'' and inserting ``section 3552(b)(6) of title 
44, United States Code''.
    (h) National Construction Safety Team Act Updates.--Section 4 of 
the National Construction Safety Team Act (15 U.S.C. 7303) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) Civil suits.--Where practicable, a Team shall cooperate 
    with civil litigants without compromising a Team's investigation or 
    the evidence preservation activities as described in this 
    section.''; and
        (2) in subsection (d)--
            (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Interagency'' 
        and inserting ``Investigation''; and
            (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or any civil suit or 
        civil action'' after ``Federal agency''.
SEC. 10247. GAO STUDY OF NIST RESEARCH SECURITY POLICIES AND PROTOCOLS.
    (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct 
a study of the Institute's policies and protocols to protect its 
research and combat undue foreign influence.
    (b) Matters to Be Included.--The study conducted under subsection 
(a) shall include, to the extent practicable, the following:
        (1) An analysis of steps taken by the Institute to address 
    foreign threats to Institute-funded research over the previous 5 
    years.
        (2) An analysis of the coordination and engagement between the 
    Department of Commerce's Office of Inspector General, the 
    Department of Commerce's Office of Intelligence, the National 
    Counterintelligence and Security Center of the Office of the 
    Director of National Intelligence, and the Institute in identifying 
    and addressing concerning findings.
        (3) An assessment of the Institute's review process for foreign 
    national associates.
        (4) An assessment of the Institute's policies as it relates to 
    employees and associates participating in foreign talent 
    recruitment programs.
        (5) An assessment of the Institute's implementation of conflict 
    of interest and disclosure policies and requirements, including the 
    disclosure requirements authorized in section 223 of the National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-
    283).
        (6) An assessment of the Institute's, the Department of 
    Commerce's Office of Security, the Department of Commerce's Office 
    of Intelligence, and the Department of Commerce's Office of 
    Inspector General's ability to monitor and enforce conflict of 
    interest and disclosure policies and requirements, including the 
    disclosure requirements authorized in section 223 of the National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-
    283).
        (7) An assessment of the Institute's, the Department of 
    Commerce's, and the Department of Commerce's Office of Inspector 
    General's ability to conduct risk assessments of research and 
    development award applications and disclosures to the Institute.
        (8) An assessment of the Institute's research security training 
    programs for both internal and externally-supported researchers and 
    associates, including training focused on international 
    collaboration, and international travel, foreign interference, and 
    rules for proper use of funds, disclosure, conflict of commitment, 
    and conflict of interest.
        (9) An analysis and summary of incidents of undue foreign 
    influence at Institute-supported research facilities and programs 
    over the past 10 years.
        (10) Recommendations for the Institute to bolster its research 
    security policies and protocols.
        (11) Other matters the Comptroller General determines 
    appropriate.
    (c) Congressional Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall brief the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee of Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate on the findings available from 
the evaluation conducted under subsection (a).
    (d) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the congressional 
committees specified in subsection (c) a report on the findings and 
recommendations of the evaluation conducted under subsection (a).
SEC. 10248. STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION GRANTS.
    (a) Nongovernmental Standards Development Organization Defined.--In 
this section, the term ``nongovernmental standards development 
organization'' means a nongovernmental standards development 
organization (as defined in section 2(e) of the Office of Management 
and Budget Circular A-119 (relating to Federal participation in the 
development and use of voluntary consensus standards in conformity 
assessment activities), or any successor document) that adheres to the 
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Essential Requirements for 
Due Process for American National Standards.
    (b) Grant Authority.--The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the 
Director, shall establish a competitive program of grants for 
nongovernmental standards development organizations for the purposes 
described in subsection (c).
    (c) Purposes.--A grant awarded under subsection (b) shall be used 
to develop, approve, disseminate, maintain, and review forensic science 
voluntary consensus standards and best practices that shall be 
available to the public free of charge.
    (d) Additional Requirements.--The Director may promulgate such 
requirements, guidelines, and procedures as may be necessary to carry 
out this section.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $2,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2026.

        Subtitle D--Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership

SEC. 10251. ESTABLISHMENT OF EXPANSION AWARDS PILOT PROGRAM AS A PART 
OF THE HOLLINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PARTNERSHIP.
    (a) Establishment of Expansion Awards Program.--The National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 271 et seq.) is 
amended by inserting after section 25A (15 U.S.C. 278k-1) the 
following:
    ``SEC. 25B. EXPANSION AWARDS PILOT PROGRAM.
    ``(a) Definitions.--The terms used in this section have the 
meanings given the terms in section 25.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Director shall establish, subject to the 
availability of appropriations, as a part of the Hollings Manufacturing 
Extension Partnership under sections 25 and 25A, a pilot program of 
expansion awards among participants described in subsection (c) for the 
purposes described in subsection (e).
    ``(c) Participants.--Participants receiving awards under this 
section shall be Centers, or a consortium of Centers (as such term is 
defined in section 25).
    ``(d) Award Amounts.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, an award for a recipient under this section shall be in 
an amount equal to the sum of the following:
        ``(1) Such amount as the Director considers appropriate as a 
    minimum base funding level for each award under this section.
        ``(2) Such additional amount as the Director considers in 
    proportion to the manufacturing density of the region of the 
    recipient.
        ``(3) Such supplemental amounts as the Director considers 
    appropriate.
    ``(e) Purpose of Awards.--An award under this section shall be made 
for one or more of the following purposes:
        ``(1) To provide worker education, training, development, and 
    entrepreneurship training and to connect individuals or business 
    with such services offered in their community, which may include 
    employee ownership and workforce training, including connecting 
    manufacturers with career and technical education entities, 
    institutions of higher education (including community colleges), 
    workforce development boards, labor organizations, and nonprofit 
    job training providers to develop and support training and job 
    placement services, including apprenticeship and online learning 
    platforms, for new and incumbent workers, programming to prevent 
    job losses when adopting new technologies and processes, and 
    development of employee ownership practices.
        ``(2) To provide services to improve the resiliency of domestic 
    supply chains.
        ``(3) To mitigate vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, including 
    helping to offset the cost of cybersecurity projects for small 
    manufacturers.
        ``(4) To expand advanced technology services to United States-
    based small- and medium-sized manufacturers, which may include--
            ``(A) developing technology demonstration laboratories;
            ``(B) training and demonstration in areas of supply chain 
        and critical technology needs, including a focus on the 
        demonstration of technologies developed by companies based in 
        the United States;
            ``(C) services for the adoption of advanced technologies, 
        including smart manufacturing technologies and practices; and
            ``(D) establishing partnerships, for the development, 
        demonstration, and deployment of advanced technologies, with--
                ``(i) national laboratories (as defined in section 2 of 
            the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801));
                ``(ii) Federal laboratories;
                ``(iii) Manufacturing USA institutes (as described in 
            section 34(d)); and
                ``(iv) institutions of higher education.
        ``(5) To build capabilities across the Hollings Manufacturing 
    Extension Partnership for domestic supply chain resiliency and 
    optimization, including--
            ``(A) assessment of domestic manufacturing capabilities, 
        expanded capacity for researching and deploying information on 
        supply chain risk, hidden costs of reliance on offshore 
        suppliers, redesigning products and processes to encourage 
        reshoring, and other relevant topics; and
            ``(B) expanded services to provide industrywide support 
        that assists United States manufacturers with reshoring 
        manufacturing to strengthen the resiliency of domestic supply 
        chains, including in critical technology areas and foundational 
        manufacturing capabilities that are key to domestic 
        manufacturing competitiveness and resiliency, including 
        forming, casting, machining, joining, surface treatment, 
        tooling, and metal or chemical refining.
    ``(f) Reimbursement.--The Director may reimburse Centers for costs 
incurred by the Centers under this section.
    ``(g) Applications.--Applications for awards under this section 
shall be submitted in such manner, at such time, and containing such 
information as the Director shall require in consultation with the 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Advisory Board.
    ``(h) Selection.--
        ``(1) Reviewed and merit-based.--The Director shall ensure that 
    awards under this section are reviewed and merit-based.
        ``(2) Geographic diversity.--The Director shall endeavor to 
    have broad geographic diversity among selected proposals.
        ``(3) Criteria.--The Director shall select applications 
    consistent with the purposes identified pursuant to subsection (e) 
    to receive awards that the Director determines will achieve one or 
    more of the following:
            ``(A) Improvement of the competitiveness of industries in 
        the region in which the Center or Centers are located.
            ``(B) Creation of jobs or training of newly hired 
        employees.
            ``(C) Promotion of the transfer and commercialization of 
        research and technology from institutions of higher education, 
        national laboratories, or other federally funded research 
        programs, and nonprofit research institutes.
            ``(D) Recruitment of a diverse manufacturing workforce, 
        including through outreach to underrepresented populations, 
        including individuals identified in section 33 or section 34 of 
        the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1885a, 1885b).
            ``(E) Any other result the Director determines will advance 
        the objective set forth in section 25(c) or 25A.
    ``(i) Program Contribution.--Recipients of awards under this 
section shall not be required to provide a matching contribution.
    ``(j) Global Marketplace Projects.--In making an award under this 
section, the Director, in consultation with the Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership Advisory Board and the Secretary, may take into 
consideration whether an application has significant potential for 
enhancing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized United States 
manufacturers in the global marketplace.
    ``(k) Duration.--The Director shall ensure that the duration of an 
award under this section is aligned and consistent with a Center's 
cooperative agreement established in section 25(e).
    ``(l) Report.--Not later than October 1, 2025, the Director shall 
submit to Congress a report that includes--
        ``(1) a summary description of what activities were funded and 
    the measurable outcomes of such activities;
        ``(2) a description of which types of activities under 
    paragraph (1) could remain as part of a permanent expansion awards 
    program;
        ``(3) a description of which types of activities under 
    paragraph (1) could be integrated into, and supported under, the 
    program under section 25;
        ``(4) a description of which types of activities under 
    paragraph (1) could be integrated into, and supported under, the 
    competitive awards program under section 25A; and
        ``(5) a recommendation, supported by a clear explanation, as to 
    whether the pilot program should be continued.''.
    (b) Resource Optimization.--Of amounts authorized for the Hollings 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under section 25 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k), 
the Secretary shall optimize funding across sections 25 and 25A of such 
Act, as well as the program established under section 25B of such Act 
(as added by subsection (a)), to the extent practicable and subject to 
the availability of appropriations, in order to maximize Center (as 
such term is defined in such section 25) participation as well as 
competitiveness, productivity, and technological performance in United 
States manufacturing.
SEC. 10252. UPDATE TO HOLLINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PARTNERSHIP.
    (a) Acceptance of Funds.--Subsection (l) of section 25 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(l) Acceptance of Funds.--
        ``(1) In general.--To the extent provided in advance in 
    appropriations Acts, other Federal departments and agencies may 
    transfer amounts to the Institute, and the Secretary and Director 
    may accept and make available cash donations from the private 
    sector pursuant to section 2(c)(7), to be used for strengthening 
    United States manufacturing under this section.
        ``(2) Competitive awards.--Funds accepted from other Federal 
    departments and agencies and from the private sector under 
    paragraph (1) shall be awarded competitively by the Secretary and 
    Director to Centers, provided that the Secretary and Director may 
    make noncompetitive awards, pursuant to this section or section 
    25A, or as a non-competitive contract, as appropriate, if the 
    Secretary and Director determine that--
            ``(A) the manufacturing market or sector targeted is 
        limited geographically or in scope;
            ``(B) the number of States (or territory, in the case of 
        Puerto Rico) with Centers serving manufacturers of such market 
        or sector is five or fewer; and
            ``(C) such Center has or Centers have received a positive 
        evaluation in the most recent evaluation conducted pursuant to 
        subsection (g).''.
    (b) Supporting American Manufacturing.--Section 25 of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(5)--
            (A) by striking ``or consortium thereof,''; and
            (B) by inserting ``or a consortium thereof'' before the 
        period at the end of the sentence;
        (2) in subsection (c)(4), by inserting ``United States-based'' 
    before ``industrial'';
        (3) in subsection (d)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``at United States-based 
        industrial facilities, including small and medium manufacturing 
        companies'' before ``based'';
            (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``United States-based'' 
        before ``companies''; and
            (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``United States-based'' 
        before ``small'';
        (4) in subsection (f)(5)(B)(i), by inserting ``in the United 
    States'' before the semicolon at the end of the clause; and
        (5) in subsection (n)(1)(A), by inserting ``United States-
    based'' before ``small''.
    (c) Amending the MEP Competitive Awards Program.--Section 25A(c)(2) 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278k-1(c)(2)) is amended by inserting ``United States'' before 
``manufacturers''.
    (d) MEP Outreach.--Section 25 of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c)--
            (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``community colleges and 
        area career and technical education schools'' and inserting the 
        following: ``secondary schools, community colleges, and area 
        career and technical education schools, including those in 
        underserved and rural communities,''; and
            (B) in paragraph (7)--
                (i) by striking ``and local colleges'' and inserting 
            ``local secondary schools and local colleges, including 
            historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal 
            Colleges or Universities, minority-serving institutions, 
            community colleges, and secondary schools and colleges in 
            underserved and rural communities,''; and
                (ii) by inserting ``or other applied learning 
            opportunities'' after ``apprenticeships''; and
        (2) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``, community colleges, 
    and area career and technical education schools,'' and inserting 
    the following: ``and local high schools, community colleges, and 
    area career and technical education schools, including those in 
    underserved and rural communities,''.
SEC. 10253. NATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN DATABASE.
    (a) Establishment of National Supply Chain Database.--The Director 
shall establish a voluntary National Supply Chain Database, subject to 
the availability of appropriations.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the voluntary National Supply Chain 
Database shall be to assist the Federal Government and industry sectors 
in minimizing disruptions to the United States supply chain by having 
an assessment of United States manufacturers' capabilities.
    (c) Study on National Supply Chain Database.--In establishing the 
National Supply Chain Database, the Director shall consider the 
findings and recommendations from the study authorized pursuant to 
section 9413 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (Public Law 116-283), including measures to secure and protect the 
Database from adversarial attacks and vulnerabilities.
    (d) Database and Manufacturing Extension Partnership.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall establish the 
    infrastructure for the National Supply Chain Database through the 
    Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, established pursuant 
    to section 25 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 278k), by connecting information from the Centers 
    (as such term is defined in such section) through the Database.
        (2) National view.--The Director shall ensure that connections 
    under paragraph (1)--
            (A) provide a national overview of the networks of supply 
        chains of the United States; and
            (B) support understanding of whether there is a need for 
        some manufacturers to retool in some critical areas to meet the 
        urgent need for key products.
        (3) Individual hollings manufacturing extension partnership 
    center databases.--
            (A) In general.--The Director shall ensure that--
                (i) each Center is connected to the National Supply 
            Chain Database; and
                (ii) each supply chain database maintained by a Center 
            is interoperable with the Database.
            (B) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
        construed to require a State or territory of the United States 
        to establish a new supply chain database through the Hollings 
        Manufacturing Extension Partnership program.
    (e) Maintenance of National Supply Chain Database.--The Director, 
acting through the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership program 
or a designee of the program--
        (1) shall maintain the National Supply Chain Database as an 
    integration of State-level databases from the Center of each State 
    or territory of the United States;
        (2) may populate the Database with information from past or 
    current clients of Centers; and
        (3) may include in the Database information voluntarily 
    provided by non-client private sector entities based and operating 
    in the United States, as applicable and appropriate.
    (f) Database Content.--The National Supply Chain Database may 
include the following:
        (1) Basic private sector entity information.
        (2) An overview of capabilities, accreditations, and products.
        (3) Proprietary information.
    (g) Standard Classification System.--The National Supply Chain 
Database may, where applicable, use the North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) Codes as follows:
        (1) Sector 31-33 - Manufacturing.
        (2) Sector 54 - Professional, Scientific, and Technical 
    Services.
        (3) Sector 48-49 - Transportation and Warehousing.
    (h) Levels.--The National Supply Chain Database shall be multi-
leveled as agreed to under terms of mutual disclosure as follows:
        (1) Level 1 shall have the capability to provide basic private 
    sector entity information and shall be available to the public.
        (2) Level 2 shall have the capability to provide a deeper, 
    nonproprietary overview into capabilities, products, and 
    accreditations and shall be available to all companies that 
    contribute to the Database.
        (3) Level 3 shall have the capability to hold proprietary 
    information.
    (i) Matters Relating to Disclosure and Access.--
        (1) FOIA exemption.--The National Supply Chain Database, and 
    any information contained therein that is not publicly released by 
    the Institute, shall be exempt from public disclosure under section 
    552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code.
        (2) Limitation on access to content.--Access to a contributing 
    private sector entity's nonpublic content in the National Supply 
    Chain Database shall be limited to--
            (A) the contributing private sector entity, the Institute, 
        and staff from a Center who sign a nondisclosure agreement, and
            (B) other Federal departments and agencies,
    as the Director considers appropriate.
        (3) Aggregated information.--The Director may make aggregated, 
    de-identified information available to contributing companies, 
    Centers, or the public, as the Director considers appropriate, in 
    support of the purposes of this section.
    (j) Coordination With National Technology and Industrial Base 
Council.--The Director, acting through the Hollings Manufacturing 
Extension Partnership program, may work with the National Defense 
Technology and Industrial Base Council established under section 4812 
of title 10, United States Code, as the Director considers appropriate, 
to include in the National Supply Chain Database information regarding 
the defense manufacturing supply chain.
    (k) Protections.--
        (1) In general.--Supply chain information that is voluntarily 
    and lawfully submitted to the National Supply Chain Database by a 
    private sector entity and accompanied by an express statement 
    described in paragraph (2)--
            (A) shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) 
        of title 5, United States Code;
            (B) may not be made available pursuant to any Federal, 
        State, local, or Tribal authority pursuant to any Federal, 
        State, local, or Tribal law requiring public disclosure of 
        information or records; and
            (C) may not, without the written consent of the private 
        sector entity submitting such information, be used directly by 
        the Director, or any other Federal, State, or local authority 
        in any civil enforcement action brought by a Federal, State, 
        Tribal, or local authority.
        (2) Express statement.--The express statement described in this 
    paragraph, with respect to information or records, is--
            (A) in the case of written information or records, a 
        written marking on the information or records substantially 
        similar to the following: ``This information is voluntarily 
        submitted to the Federal Government in expectation of 
        protection from disclosure as provided by the provisions of 
        section 10253(k) of the Research and Development, Competition, 
        and Innovation Act.''; or
            (B) in the case of oral information, a written statement 
        similar to the statement described in subparagraph (A) 
        submitted within a reasonable period following the oral 
        communication.
    (l) Rules of Construction.--
        (1) Private entities.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
    to require any private sector entity to share data, including 
    proprietary information, with the Director or the National Supply 
    Chain Database.
        (2) Prohibition on new regulatory authority.--Nothing in this 
    section may be construed to grant the Director, or the head of any 
    other Federal agency, any authority to promulgate regulations or 
    set standards on manufacturers, based on data within the National 
    Supply Chain Database, that was not in effect on the day before the 
    date of the enactment of this section.
SEC. 10254. HOLLINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES.
    Section 70924(b) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act 
(Public Law 117-58) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Automatic Enrollment in GSA Advantage.--The Administrator of 
the General Services Administration and the Secretary of Commerce, 
acting through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and 
Technology, shall jointly ensure that businesses that participate in 
the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, and so desire, are 
automatically enrolled in General Services Administration Advantage.''.
SEC. 10255. AMENDMENT TO THE HOLLINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION 
PARTNERSHIP RELATING TO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.
    Subsection (a) of section 25 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating paragraph (6) (relating to the definition 
    of ``Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership or Program'') as 
    paragraph (7);
        (2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following new 
    paragraph:
        ``(6) Historically black college and university.--The term 
    `historically Black college and university' has the meaning given 
    the term `part B institution' in section 322 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).'';
        (3) by redesignating the second paragraph (7) (relating to the 
    definition of ``MEP Advisory Board'') as paragraph (8);
        (4) by inserting after paragraph (6) (as inserted by paragraph 
    (2), relating to the definition of ``historically Black college and 
    university'') the following new paragraph:
        ``(7) Institution of higher education.--The term `institution 
    of higher education' has the meaning given such term in section 101 
    of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).''; and
        (5) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
        ``(9) Minority-serving institution.--The term `minority-serving 
    institution' means a Hispanic-serving institution as defined in 
    section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
    1101a(a)); an Alaska Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-
    serving institution as defined in section 317(b) of such Act (20 
    U.S.C. 1059d(b)); or a Predominantly Black institution, Asian 
    American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution, 
    or Native American-serving nontribal institution as defined in 
    section 371(c) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1067q(c)).
        ``(10) Secondary school.--The term `secondary school' has the 
    meaning given such term in section 8101 of the Elementary and 
    Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
        ``(11) Tribal college or university.--The term `Tribal College 
    or University' has the meaning given the term `Tribal College or 
    University' in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
    U.S.C. 1059c).''.

                 Subtitle E--Manufacturing USA Program

SEC. 10261. SUPPORTING GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY.
    Section 34(e) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(e)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(8) Diversity preferences.--In awarding financial assistance 
    under paragraph (1) for planning or establishing a Manufacturing 
    USA institute, an agency head shall give special consideration to 
    Manufacturing USA institutes that--
            ``(A) contribute to the geographic diversity of the 
        Manufacturing USA Program;
            ``(B) are located in an area with a low per capita income;
            ``(C) are located in an area with a high proportion of 
        socially disadvantaged residents; or
            ``(D) are located in small and rural communities.''.
SEC. 10262. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH THE MANUFACTURING USA 
PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of 
such other Federal agencies as the Secretary of Commerce considers 
relevant, shall coordinate with existing and new Manufacturing USA 
institutes to integrate covered entities as active members of the 
Manufacturing USA institutes, including through the development of 
preferences in selection criteria for proposals to create new 
Manufacturing USA institutes or renew existing Manufacturing USA 
institutes that include one or more covered entities.
    (b) Covered Entities.--For purposes of this subsection, a covered 
entity is--
        (1) an historically Black college and university;
        (2) a Tribal College or University;
        (3) a minority-serving institution;
        (4) a minority business enterprise (as such term is defined in 
    section 1400.2 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
    successor regulation); or
        (5) a rural-serving institution of higher education (as such 
    term is defined in section 861 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
    (20 U.S.C. 1161q)).
SEC. 10263. PROMOTING DOMESTIC PRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED 
UNDER MANUFACTURING USA PROGRAM.
    (a) Department of Commerce Policies to Promote Domestic Production 
of Technologies Developed Under Manufacturing USA Network.--
        (1) Policies.--
            (A) In general.--Each agency head (as such term is defined 
        in section 34(a) of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(a))) and the Secretary of 
        Defense shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, 
        establish policies to promote the domestic production of 
        technologies developed by the Manufacturing USA Network.
            (B) Elements.--The policies established under subparagraph 
        (A) shall include the following:
                (i) Measures to partner domestic developers of goods, 
            services, or technologies by Manufacturing USA Network 
            activities with domestic manufacturers and sources of 
            financing.
                (ii) Measures to develop and provide incentives to 
            promote transfer of intellectual property and goods, 
            services, or technologies developed by Manufacturing USA 
            Network activities to domestic manufacturers.
                (iii) Measures to assist with supplier scouting and 
            other supply chain development, including the use of the 
            Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership under section 
            25 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
            Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) to carry out such measures.
                (iv) A process to review and approve or deny membership 
            in a Manufacturing USA institute by foreign-owned entities, 
            especially from countries of concern, including the 
            People's Republic of China.
                (v) Measures to prioritize Federal procurement of 
            goods, services, or technologies developed by the 
            Manufacturing USA Network activities from domestic sources, 
            as appropriate.
            (C) Processes for waivers.--The policies established under 
        this paragraph shall include processes to permit waivers, on a 
        case by case basis, for policies that promote domestic 
        production based on cost, availability, severity of technical 
        and mission requirements, emergency requirements, operational 
        needs, other legal or international treaty obligations, or 
        other factors determined important to the success of the 
        Manufacturing USA Program.
        (2) Prohibition.--
            (A) In general.--A company of the People's Republic of 
        China may not participate in the Manufacturing USA Program 
        without a waiver, as described in paragraph (1)(C).
            (B) Company defined.--In this paragraph, the term 
        ``company'' has the meaning given such term in section 847(a) 
        of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 
        (Public Law 116-92; 10 U.S.C. 4819 note).
    (b) Coordination of Manufacturing USA Institutes.--Subsection (h) 
of section 34 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
(15 U.S.C. 278s) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(7) Council for coordination of institutes.--
            ``(A) Council.--The National Program Office shall establish 
        or designate a council of heads of any Manufacturing USA 
        institute receiving Federal funding at any time to foster 
        collaboration between Manufacturing USA institutes.
            ``(B) Meetings.--The council established or designated 
        pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall meet not less frequently 
        than twice each year.
            ``(C) Duties of the council.--The council established 
        pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall assist the National Program 
        Office in carrying out the functions of the National Program 
        Office under paragraph (2).''.
    (c) Requirement for National Program Office to Develop Strategies 
for Retaining Domestic Public Benefit After Cessation of Federal 
Funding.--Subparagraph (C) of section 34(h)(2) of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(h)(2)) is 
amended by inserting ``, including a strategy for retaining domestic 
public benefits from Manufacturing USA institutes once Federal funding 
has been discontinued'' after ``Program''.
    (d) Modification of Functions of National Program Office to Include 
Development of Industry Credentials.--Subparagraph (J) of section 
34(h)(2) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278s(h)(2)) is amended by inserting ``, including the 
development of industry credentials'' after ``activities''.
    (e) Advice From the United States Manufacturing Council.--The 
Secretary shall seek advice from the United States Manufacturing 
Council of the International Trade Administration of the Department of 
Commerce on matters concerning investment in and support of the 
manufacturing workforce within the Manufacturing USA Program.

         TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE
                    Subtitle A--Preliminary Matters

SEC. 10301. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
    It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy 
    and its National Laboratories, and other key Federal agencies have 
    carried out vital work supporting basic and applied research to 
    create knowledge that is a key driver of the economy of the United 
    States and a critical component of national security;
        (2) openness to diverse perspectives and a focus on freedom 
    from censorship and political bias will continue to make 
    educational and research institutions in the United States beacons 
    to thousands of students from across the world;
        (3) increasing research and technology transfer investments, 
    building regional capacity and reducing geographic disparity, 
    strengthening supply chains, and increasing capabilities in key 
    technology focus areas will enhance the competitive advantage and 
    leadership of the United States in the global economy;
        (4) the Federal Government must utilize the full talent and 
    potential of the entire Nation by avoiding undue geographic 
    concentration of research and STEM education funding, encouraging 
    broader participation of populations underrepresented in STEM, and 
    collaborating with nongovernment partners to ensure the leadership 
    of the United States in technological innovation; and
        (5) authorization and funding for investments in research, 
    education, technology transfer, intellectual property, 
    manufacturing, and other core strengths of the United States 
    innovation ecosystem, including at the National Science Foundation 
    and the Department of Energy, should be done on a bipartisan basis.
SEC. 10302. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the National Science 
    Board.
        (2) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
    National Science Foundation.
        (3) NSF includes.--The term ``NSF INCLUDES'' means the 
    initiative carried out under section 10323.
        (4) STEM ecosystem.--The term ``STEM ecosystem'' means a local, 
    regional, or statewide network, consortium, or multi-sector 
    partnership, which may be led or co-led by a nonprofit 
    organizational entity, that is operating in the United States with 
    the goal of supporting participation in STEM study, activities, and 
    career pathways as defined in the CoSTEM Annual Progress Report of 
    2020 with a broad range of non-Federal partners.
SEC. 10303. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    (a) Fiscal Year 2023.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Foundation $11,897,480,000 for fiscal year 2023.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $9,050,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out research and related activities, of which--
                (i) $55,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; and
                (ii) $1,500,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
            for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
            Partnerships;
            (B) $1,950,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        STEM education, of which--
                (i) $73,700,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                (ii) $59,500,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the NSF Research Traineeship Program;
                (iii) $416,300,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Graduate Research Fellowship Program;
                (iv) $70,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; and
                (v) $350,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            fellowships, traineeships, and scholarships described in 
            section 10393;
            (C) $249,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for major 
        research equipment and facilities construction, of which 
        $76,250,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
        Research Infrastructure Program;
            (D) $620,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        agency operations and award management;
            (E) $5,090,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the National Science Board; and
            (F) $23,390,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the Inspector General.
    (b) Fiscal Year 2024.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Foundation $15,646,930,000 for fiscal year 2024.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $12,050,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out research and related activities, of which--
                (i) $60,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; and
                (ii) $3,350,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
            for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
            Partnerships;
            (B) $2,500,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        STEM education, of which--
                (i) $80,400,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                (ii) $64,910,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the NSF Research Traineeship Program;
                (iii) $454,140,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Graduate Research Fellowship Program;
                (iv) $72,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; and
                (v) $800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            fellowships, traineeships, and scholarships described in 
            section 10393;
            (C) $355,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for major 
        research equipment and facilities construction, of which 
        $80,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
        Research Infrastructure Program;
            (D) $710,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        agency operations and award management;
            (E) $5,320,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the National Science Board; and
            (F) $26,610,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the Inspector General.
    (c) Fiscal Year 2025.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Foundation $16,706,670,000 for fiscal year 2025.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $12,850,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out research and related activities, of which--
                (i) $70,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; and
                (ii) $3,550,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
            for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
            Partnerships;
            (B) $2,700,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        STEM education, of which--
                (i) $87,100,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                (ii) $70,320,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the NSF Research Traineeship Program;
                (iii) $491,990,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Graduate Research Fellowship Program;
                (iv) $78,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; and
                (v) $900,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            fellowships, traineeships, and scholarships described in 
            section 10393;
            (C) $370,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for major 
        research equipment and facilities construction, of which 
        $85,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
        Research Infrastructure Program;
            (D) $750,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        agency operations and award management;
            (E) $5,560,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the National Science Board; and
            (F) $31,110,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the Inspector General.
    (d) Fiscal Year 2026.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Foundation $17,832,420,000 for fiscal year 2026.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $13,800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out research and related activities, of which--
                (i) $75,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; and
                (ii) $3,800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
            for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
            Partnerships;
            (B) $2,850,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        STEM education, of which--
                (i) $93,800,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                (ii) $75,730,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the NSF Research Traineeship Program;
                (iii) $529,830,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Graduate Research Fellowship Program;
                (iv) $84,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; and
                (v) $950,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            fellowships, traineeships, and scholarships described in 
            section 10393;
            (C) $372,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for major 
        research equipment and facilities construction, of which 
        $90,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
        Research Infrastructure Program;
            (D) $770,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        agency operations and award management;
            (E) $5,810,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the National Science Board; and
            (F) $34,610,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the Inspector General.
    (e) Fiscal Year 2027.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Foundation $18,919,180,000 for fiscal year 2027.
        (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) $14,700,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out research and related activities, of which--
                (i) $80,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; and
                (ii) $4,100,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
            for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
            Partnerships;
            (B) $3,000,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        STEM education, of which--
                (i) $100,500,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                (ii) $81,140,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the NSF Research Traineeship Program;
                (iii) $567,680,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Graduate Research Fellowship Program;
                (iv) $90,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; and
                (v) $1,000,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
            fellowships, traineeships, and scholarships described in 
            section 10393;
            (C) $375,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for major 
        research equipment and facilities construction, of which 
        $100,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
        Research Infrastructure Program;
            (D) $800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
        agency operations and award management;
            (E) $6,070,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the National Science Board; and
            (F) $38,110,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
        Office of the Inspector General.

                       Subtitle B--STEM Education

SEC. 10311. PREK-12 STEM EDUCATION.
    (a) National Academies Study.--Not later than 120 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an 
agreement with the National Academies to conduct a study to--
        (1) review the research literature and identify research gaps 
    regarding the interconnected factors that foster and hinder 
    successful implementation of promising, evidence-based PreK-12 STEM 
    education innovations at the local, regional, and national level;
        (2) present a compendium of promising, evidence-based PreK-12 
    STEM education practices, models, programs, and technologies;
        (3) identify barriers to widespread and sustained 
    implementation of such innovations; and
        (4) make recommendations to the Foundation, the Department of 
    Education, the National Science and Technology Council's Committee 
    on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education, 
    State and local educational agencies, and other relevant 
    stakeholders on measures to address such barriers.
    (b) Supporting PreK-12 Informal STEM Opportunities.--Section 3 of 
the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1862q) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(c) PreK-12 Informal STEM.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
    Foundation shall make awards, through existing programs where 
    appropriate to institutions of higher education and nonprofit 
    organizations (or consortia of such intuitions or organizations) on 
    a merit-reviewed, competitive basis for research on effective 
    approaches to engaging students in PreK-12, including students from 
    groups historically underrepresented in STEM and rural students.
        ``(2) Purposes.--The purposes of this subsection are to--
            ``(A) provide effective, compelling, and engaging means for 
        teaching and reinforcing fundamental STEM concepts to PreK-12 
        students;
            ``(B) expand the STEM workforce pipeline by increasing the 
        number of youth in the United States exposed to STEM from an 
        early age and encourage them to pursue careers in STEM-related 
        fields; and
            ``(C) broaden participation of groups historically 
        underrepresented in STEM and rural students, in the STEM 
        workforce.
        ``(3) Use of funds.--
            ``(A) In general.--Awards made under this subsection shall 
        support research and development on innovative before-school, 
        after-school, out-of-school, or summer activities that are 
        designed to encourage interest, engagement, and skills 
        development in STEM, including for students from groups 
        historically underrepresented in STEM and rural students.
            ``(B) Permitted activities.--The research and development 
        activities described in subparagraph (A) may include--
                ``(i) the provision of programming described in such 
            subparagraph for the purpose of research described in such 
            subparagraph;
                ``(ii) the use of a variety of engagement methods, 
            including cooperative and hands-on learning;
                ``(iii) exposure of students to role models in the 
            fields of STEM and near-peer mentors;
                ``(iv) training of informal learning educators, youth-
            serving professionals, and volunteers who lead informal 
            STEM programs in using evidence-based methods consistent 
            with the target student population being served;
                ``(v) education of students on the relevance and 
            significance of STEM careers, provision of academic advice 
            and assistance, and activities designed to help students 
            make real-world connections to STEM content;
                ``(vi) the preparation of students to attend events, 
            competitions, and academic programs that provide content 
            expertise and encourage career exposure in STEM, which may 
            include the purchase of parts and supplies needed to 
            prepare for participation in such competitions;
                ``(vii) activities designed to engage parents and 
            families of students in PreK-12 in STEM;
                ``(viii) innovative strategies to engage students, such 
            as using leadership skills and outcome measures to impart 
            youth with the confidence to pursue STEM coursework and 
            academic study;
                ``(ix) coordination with STEM-rich environments, 
            including other nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations, 
            out-of- classroom settings, institutions of higher 
            education, vocational facilities, corporations, museums, or 
            science centers; and
                ``(x) the acquisition of instructional materials or 
            technology-based tools to conduct applicable award 
            activity.
        ``(4) Application.--An applicant seeking funding under this 
    subsection shall submit an application at such time, in such 
    manner, and containing such information as may be required by the 
    Director. Applications that include or partner with a nonprofit, 
    nongovernmental organization that has extensive experience and 
    expertise in increasing the participation of students in PreK-12 in 
    STEM are encouraged. At a minimum, the application shall include 
    the following:
            ``(A) A description of the target audience to be served by 
        the research activity or activities for which such funding is 
        sought.
            ``(B) A description of the process for recruitment and 
        selection of students to participate in such activities.
            ``(C) A description of how such activity or activities may 
        inform programming that engages students in PreK-12 in STEM.
            ``(D) A description of how such activity or activities may 
        inform programming that promotes student academic achievement 
        in STEM.
            ``(E) An evaluation plan that includes, at a minimum, the 
        use of outcome-oriented measures to determine the impact and 
        efficacy of programming being researched.
        ``(5) Evaluations.--Each recipient of an award under this 
    subsection shall provide, at the conclusion of every year during 
    which the award funds are received, a report in a form prescribed 
    by the Director.
        ``(6) Encourage applications.--In making awards under this 
    subsection, the Director shall encourage applications which, for 
    the purpose of the activity or activities funded through the award, 
    are from or include eligible nonprofit programs serving students 
    that attend elementary schools or secondary schools (including high 
    schools) that--
            ``(A) are implementing comprehensive support and 
        improvement activities or targeted support and improvement 
        activities under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 1111(d) of the 
        Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        6311(d)); or
            ``(B) serve high percentages of students who are eligible 
        for a free or reduced-price lunch under the Richard B. Russell 
        National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) (which, in 
        the case of a high school, may be calculated using comparable 
        data from the schools that feed into the high school).
        ``(7) Accountability and dissemination.--
            ``(A) Evaluation required.--The Director shall evaluate the 
        activities established under this subsection. Such evaluation 
        shall--
                ``(i) use a common set of benchmarks and tools to 
            assess the results of research conducted under such awards; 
            and
                ``(ii) to the extent practicable, integrate the 
            findings of the research resulting from the activity or 
            activities funded through the award with the current 
            research on serving students with respect to the pursuit of 
            degrees or careers in STEM, including underrepresented and 
            rural students, in PreK-12.
            ``(B) Report on evaluations.--Not later than 180 days after 
        the completion of the evaluation under subparagraph (A), the 
        Director shall submit to Congress and make widely available to 
        the public a report that includes--
                ``(i) the results of the evaluation; and
                ``(ii) any recommendations for administrative and 
            legislative action that could optimize the effectiveness of 
            the program under this subsection.
        ``(8) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
    Director shall, for purposes of enhancing program effectiveness and 
    avoiding duplication of activities, consult, and coordinate with 
    other relevant Federal agencies.''.
    (c) [Log 907 S2522] National STEM Teacher Corps Pilot.--
        (1) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this subsection to elevate 
    the profession of STEM teaching by establishing a National STEM 
    Teacher Corps pilot program to recognize outstanding STEM teachers 
    in our Nation's classrooms, rewards them for their accomplishments, 
    elevates their public profile, and creates rewarding career paths 
    to which all STEM teachers can aspire, both to prepare future STEM 
    researchers and to create a scientifically literate public.
        (2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            (A) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the National STEM Teacher Corps.
            (B) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                (i) an institution of higher education; or
                (ii) a consortium consisting of an institution of 
            higher education and one or more of the following:

                    (I) A State educational agency (as defined in 
                section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)).
                    (II) A local educational agency (as defined in 
                section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)).
                    (III) An education nonprofit Association.
                    (IV) A cross sector STEM organization.
                    (V) A private entity, including a STEM-related 
                business.

            (C) High-need school.--The term ``high-need school'' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 2211(b) of the Elementary 
        and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6631(b)).
            (D) Professional development.--The term ``professional 
        Development'' has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of 
        the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        7801).
            (E) Corps alliance.--The term ``Corps Alliance'' means a 
        regionally or topically based award under this subsection.
            (F) National stem teacher corps advisory board.--The term 
        ``National STEM Teacher Corps Advisory Board'' means the 
        Advisory Board for the National STEM Teacher Corps established 
        under paragraph (5).
        (3) Establishment of national stem teacher corps.--The Director 
    may, subject to the availability of appropriations, establish 
    within the Foundation, a National STEM Teacher Corps 10-year pilot 
    program to be administered by the Administrator, who shall be 
    appointed by the Director. As appropriate, the Director may use 
    existing NSF programs to establish and execute this program.
        (4) Duties of the administrator.--The Administrator shall--
            (A) create a process and standards for selection of 
        eligible applicants to become members of the National STEM 
        Teacher Corps, including--
                (i) uniform selection criteria that includes--

                    (I) deep knowledge of STEM content and pedagogy;
                    (II) a passion for STEM subjects and dedication to 
                teaching, evidence of leadership skills, and potential 
                for continued career growth as an educator; and
                    (III) demonstrated experience increasing STEM 
                student achievement and STEM participation rates for 
                all students, particularly those from rural and high-
                need schools; and

                (ii) a uniform selection process, including a 
            comprehensive application that includes recommendations and 
            other relevant professional information;
            (B) promote the National STEM Teacher Corps and elevate 
        best practices that emerge from the National STEM Teacher Corps 
        to a national audience;
            (C) evaluate the operation and effectiveness of the Corps 
        alliances; and
            (D) evaluate the overall and long-term impact of the 
        National STEM Teacher Corps by--
                (i) documenting, monitoring, and assessing the program 
            outcomes or impact on the STEM careers of participants; and
                (ii) documenting, monitoring, and assessing the program 
            outcomes for the STEM education profession nationwide, 
            particularly for rural and high-need schools.
        (5) National stem teacher corps advisory board.--
            (A) Establishment.--There is established a National STEM 
        Teacher Corps Advisory Board to advise the Director on matters 
        pertaining to the National STEM Teacher Corps for the length of 
        the pilot program.
            (B) Composition.--
                (i) In general.--The membership of the National STEM 
            Teacher Corps Advisory Board shall--

                    (I) be appointed by the Director;
                    (II) include a representative from each of the 
                following: School leaders, STEM researchers, STEM 
                education researchers, Business leaders, PreK-12 STEM 
                educators, and Students pursuing a postsecondary STEM 
                degree; and
                    (III) be geographically diverse.

                (ii) Existing committee.--The Director may assign the 
            duties of the National STEM Teacher Corps Advisory Board to 
            another advisory committee of the Foundation.
        (6) Duties of the corps alliances.--Subject to the availability 
    of appropriated funds, the Administrator may make awards on a 
    competitive, merit-review basis, to establish Corps alliances at 
    eligible entities. Activities carried out by such alliances shall 
    include--
            (A) engaging local partners, which may include local 
        educational agencies, institutions of higher education, STEM 
        organizations, or education nonprofit organizations, to--
                (i) develop and serve the community of National STEM 
            Teacher Corps members within the region or topic area, in 
            coordination with local partners to carry out day-to-day 
            activities;
                (ii) coordinate professional development activities, 
            including activities led by National STEM Teacher Corps 
            members;
                (iii) connect National STEM Teacher Corps members with 
            existing educator professional development programs and 
            coordinate members' involvement as cooperating teachers or 
            mentors;
                (iv) seek opportunities to involve teachers who are not 
            members of the National STEM Teacher Corps to participate 
            in National STEM Teacher Corps activities; and
                (v) build partnerships with existing education 
            organizations and other efforts by State educational 
            agencies and local educational agencies that operate 
            programs relevant to the National STEM Teacher Corps and 
            its activities;
            (B) recruiting eligible applicants, with a focus on 
        recruiting diverse STEM educators to advance equity based on 
        race, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, age, disability 
        status, geography, and language ability;
            (C) screening, interviewing, and selecting members of the 
        National STEM Teacher Corps using procedures and standards 
        provided by the Administrator;
            (D) coordinating the online network that supports all 
        National STEM Teacher Corps members in the region or topic 
        area;
            (E) convening occasional meetings of National STEM Teacher 
        Corps members in a region or topic area;
            (F) creating opportunities for the professional growth of 
        National STEM Teacher Corps members, with a focus on increasing 
        STEM student achievement and STEM participation rates for all 
        students, particularly those from rural and high-need schools; 
        and
            (G) supporting the retention and success of National STEM 
        Teacher Corps members in the region or topic area.
        (7) Duties of members of the national stem teacher corps.--An 
    applicant that is selected by a Corps alliance to be a member of 
    the National STEM Teacher Corps shall--
            (A) serve a 4-year term with a possibility of 
        reappointment;
            (B) receive an annual stipend in an amount not less than 
        $10,000; and
            (C) have substantial responsibilities, including--
                (i) working with other members of the National STEM 
            Teacher Corps to develop and improve innovative teaching 
            practices, including practices such as inquiry-based 
            learning;
                (ii) participating in professional development in 
            innovative teaching methodology and mentorship; and
                (iii) continuing to excel in teaching the member's own 
            students, with a focus on advancing equity by spending 
            additional time teaching and coaching underserved students 
            to increase STEM student achievement and STEM participation 
            rates for students from rural and high-need schools.
        (8) Evaluation.--The Director, acting through the 
    Administrator, shall submit a report to Congress after the third 
    year of the pilot program that includes--
            (A) an assessment, drawing on the evaluations the 
        Administrator shall conduct under subparagraphs (C) and (D) of 
        paragraph (4), and other sources of information, of the 
        effectiveness of the pilot program in recruiting and retaining 
        high-quality STEM teachers in the selected regions or topic 
        areas, particularly in high-need and rural schools; and
            (B) if deemed effective, a proposal to Congress for 
        permanent implementation of the pilot program.
        (9) Sunset.--The authority to carry out this subsection shall 
    terminate on the date that is 15 years after the date of enactment 
    of this Act.
        (10) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2032 to carry out this subsection.
SEC. 10312. UNDERGRADUATE STEM EDUCATION.
    (a) Research on Stem Education and Workforce Needs.--The Director 
shall make awards, on a competitive basis, to four-year institutions of 
higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such 
institutions or organizations) to support research and development 
activities to--
        (1) encourage greater collaboration and coordination between 
    institutions of higher education and industry to enhance education, 
    foster hands-on learn experiences, and improve alignment with 
    workforce needs;
        (2) understand the current composition of the STEM workforce 
    and the factors that influence growth, retention, and development 
    of that workforce;
        (3) increase the size, diversity, capability, and flexibility 
    of the STEM workforce; and
        (4) increase dissemination and widespread adoption of effective 
    practices in undergraduate education and workforce development.
    (b) Advanced Technological Education Program Update.--Section 3(b) 
of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
1862i(b)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Centers of Scientific and Technical Education.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director shall make awards for the 
    establishment of centers of excellence, in advanced-technology 
    fields, among associate-degree-granting colleges. Centers shall 
    meet one or both of the following criteria:
            ``(A) Exceptional instructional programs in advanced-
        technology fields.
            ``(B) Excellence in undergraduate STEM education.
        ``(2) Purposes.--The centers shall serve as national and 
    regional clearinghouses and models for the benefit of both colleges 
    and secondary schools, and shall provide seminars and programs to 
    disseminate model curricula and model teaching methods and 
    instructional materials to other associate-degree-granting 
    colleges.
        ``(3) Networks.--The centers may enter into partnerships with 
    other institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, 
    and stakeholder groups, or a consortium thereof, to develop 
    networks to--
            ``(A) coordinate research, training, and education 
        activities funded by awards under subsection (a);
            ``(B) share information and best practices; or
            ``(C) promote collaboration between academic institutions, 
        workforce development programs, labor organizations, and 
        industry to communicate and meet workforce education and 
        training needs.''.
    (c) Innovations in STEM Education at Community Colleges.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards on a merit-
    reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of higher education or 
    nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
    organizations) to advance research on the nature of learning and 
    teaching at community colleges and to improve outcomes for students 
    who enter the workforce upon completion of their STEM degree or 
    credential or transfer to 4-year institutions, including by--
            (A) examining how to scale up successful programs at 
        community colleges that are improving student outcomes in 
        foundational STEM courses;
            (B) supporting research on effective STEM teaching 
        practices in community college settings;
            (C) designing and developing new STEM curricula;
            (D) providing STEM students with hands-on training and 
        research experiences, internships, and other experiential 
        learning opportunities;
            (E) increasing access to high quality STEM education 
        through new technologies;
            (F) re-skilling or up-skilling incumbent workers for new 
        STEM jobs;
            (G) building STEM career and seamless transfer pathways; 
        and
            (H) developing novel mechanisms to identify and recruit 
        talent into STEM programs, in particular talent from groups 
        historically underrepresented in STEM.
        (2) Partnerships.--In carrying out activities under this 
    subsection, the Director shall encourage applications to develop, 
    enhance, or expand cooperative STEM education and training 
    partnerships between institutions of higher education, industry, 
    and labor organizations.
    (d) Improving Access to STEM Education at Career and Technical 
Education Institutions.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards, on a 
    competitive basis, to institutions of higher education (including 
    postsecondary vocational institutions) to support career and 
    technical education in STEM and computer science related fields.
        (2) Priority.--In making awards under this subsection, the 
    Director shall give priority to institutions that demonstrate 
    effective strategies to recruit and provide career and technical 
    education to veterans and members of the Armed Forces transitioning 
    to the private sector workforce.
        (3) Career and technical education defined.--In this 
    subsection, the term ``career and technical education'' has the 
    meaning given that term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career 
    and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302).
    (e) Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a 4-year pilot 
    program under which the Director shall make awards, on a 
    competitive basis, to institutions of higher education and 
    nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
    organizations) to establish a total of not fewer than five Centers 
    to develop and scale up successful models for providing 
    undergraduate students with hands-on, course-based research 
    experiences.
        (2) Use of funds.--Awards made under this paragraph shall be 
    used to--
            (A) develop, assess, and disseminate models for providing 
        undergraduate students with course-based research experiences 
        across STEM disciplines and education levels;
            (B) identify and address opportunities and challenges in 
        facilitating implementation across a broad range of institution 
        types, including historically Black colleges and universities, 
        Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority serving institutions 
        and community colleges;
            (C) identify and develop best practices to address barriers 
        for faculty, including institutional culture, resources, and 
        incentive structures;
            (D) identify and address factors that may facilitate or 
        discourage participation by students from all backgrounds;
            (E) provide faculty with curriculum, professional 
        development, training, networking opportunities, and other 
        support to enable the development, adaptation, or expansion of 
        a course-based research experience; and
            (F) collect data and carry out research to evaluate the 
        impacts of course- based undergraduate research experiences on 
        the STEM workforce.
        (3) Partnerships.--In making awards under this paragraph, the 
    Director shall consider the extent to which the proposed Center 
    will establish partnerships among multiple types of academic 
    institutions, including community colleges, emerging research 
    institutions, EPSCoR institutions, historically Black colleges and 
    universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, and minority-serving 
    institutions, the private sector, and other relevant stakeholders 
    in supporting programs and activities to facilitate faculty 
    training and the widespread and sustained implementation of 
    promising, evidence-based practices, models, programs, and 
    curriculum.
        (4) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
    the pilot program is completed, the Director shall submit to 
    Congress a report that includes--
            (A) an assessment, that includes feedback from the research 
        community, of the effectiveness of the pilot program in 
        increasing the number, diversity, and workforce readiness of 
        STEM graduates; and
            (B) if determined to be effective, a plan for permanent 
        implementation of the pilot program.
    (f) Advanced Technological Manufacturing Act.--
        (1) Findings and purpose.--Section 2 of the Scientific and 
    Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862h) is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science, 
            mathematics, and technology'' and inserting ``science, 
            technology, engineering, and mathematics or STEM'';
                (ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``educated'' and 
            before ``trained''; and
                (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``scientific and 
            technical education and training'' and inserting ``STEM 
            education and training''; and
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) in paragraph (2), by striking ``mathematics and 
            science'' and inserting ``STEM fields''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``mathematics and 
            science instruction'' and inserting ``STEM instruction''.
        (2) Modernizing references to stem.--Section 3 of the 
    Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i) is 
    amended--
            (A) in the section heading, by striking ``scientific and 
        technical education'' and inserting ``stem education'';
            (B) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Scientific 
            and Technical Education'' and inserting ``STEM Education'';
                (ii) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by inserting ``and education to prepare the 
                skilled technical workforce to meet workforce demands'' 
                before ``, and to improve'';
                    (II) by striking ``core education courses in 
                science and mathematics'' and inserting ``core 
                education courses in STEM fields'';
                    (III) by inserting ``veterans and individuals 
                engaged in'' before ``work in the home''; and
                    (IV) by inserting ``and on building a pathway from 
                secondary schools to associate-degree-granting 
                institutions, to careers that require technical 
                training'' before ``, and shall be designed'';

                (iii) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by inserting ``and study'' after 
                ``development''; and
                    (II) by striking ``core science and mathematics 
                courses'' and inserting ``core STEM courses'';

                (iv) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science, 
            mathematics, and advanced-technology fields'' and inserting 
            ``STEM and advanced- technology fields'';
                (v) in paragraph (3)(A), by inserting ``to support the 
            advanced- technology industries that drive the 
            competitiveness of the United States in the global 
            economy'' before the semicolon at the end;
                (vi) in paragraph (4), by striking ``scientific and 
            advanced- technology fields'' and inserting ``STEM and 
            advanced-technology fields''; and
                (vii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``advanced 
            scientific and technical education'' and inserting 
            ``advanced STEM and advanced- technology'';
            (C) in subsection (c)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--

                        (aa) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                    striking ``to encourage'' and all that follows 
                    through ``such means as--'' and inserting ``to 
                    encourage the development of career and educational 
                    pathways with multiple entry and exit points 
                    leading to credentials and degrees, and to assist 
                    students pursuing pathways in STEM fields to 
                    transition from associate-degree-granting colleges 
                    to bachelor- degree-granting institutions, through 
                    such means as--'';
                        (bb) in clause (i), by striking ``to ensure'' 
                    and inserting ``to develop articulation agreements 
                    that ensure''; and
                        (cc) in clause (ii), by striking ``courses at 
                    the bachelor-degree-granting institution'' and 
                    inserting ``the career and educational pathways 
                    supported by the articulation agreements'';

                    (II) in subparagraph (B)--

                        (aa) in clause (i), by inserting ``veterans and 
                    individuals engaged in'' before ``work in the 
                    home'';
                        (bb) in clause (iii)--
                            (AA) by striking ``bachelor's-degree- 
                        granting institutions'' and inserting 
                        ``institutions or work sites''; and
                            (BB) by inserting ``or industry 
                        internships'' after ``summer programs''; and
                        (cc) by striking the flush text following 
                    clause (iv); and

                    (III) by striking subparagraph (C);

                (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                    (I) by striking ``mathematics and science 
                programs'' and inserting ``STEM programs'';
                    (II) by inserting ``and, as appropriate, elementary 
                schools,'' after ``with secondary schools'';
                    (III) by striking ``mathematics and science 
                education'' and inserting ``STEM education'';
                    (IV) by striking ``secondary school students'' and 
                inserting ``students at these schools'';
                    (V) by striking ``science and advanced-technology 
                fields'' and inserting ``STEM and advanced-technology 
                fields''; and
                    (VI) by striking ``agreements with local 
                educational agencies'' and inserting ``articulation 
                agreements or dual credit courses with local secondary 
                schools, or other means as the Director determines 
                appropriate,''; and

                (iii) in paragraph (3)--

                    (I) by striking subparagraph (B);
                    (II) by striking ``shall--''and all that follows 
                through ``establish a'' and inserting ``shall establish 
                a'';
                    (III) by striking ``the fields of science, 
                technology, engineering, and mathematics'' and 
                inserting ``STEM fields''; and
                    (IV) by striking ``; and'' and inserting ``, 
                including jobs at Federal and academic laboratories.'';

            (D) in subsection (d)(2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after the 
            semicolon;
                (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the 
            end and inserting a ``; and''; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(F) as appropriate, applications that apply the best 
        practices for STEM education and technical skills education 
        through distance learning or in a simulated work environment, 
        as determined by research described in subsection (f); and'';
            (E) in subsection (g), by striking the second sentence;
            (F) in subsection (h)(1)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``2022'' and 
            inserting ``2026'';
                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2022'' and 
            inserting ``2026''; and
                (iii) in subparagraph (C)--

                    (I) by striking ``up to $2,500,000'' and inserting 
                ``not less than $3,000,000''; and
                    (II) by striking ``2022'' and inserting ``2026'';

            (G) in subsection (i)--
                (i) by striking paragraph (3); and
                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as 
            paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and
            (H) in subsection (j)--
                (i) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
            following:
        ``(1) the term advanced-technology includes technological 
    fields such as advanced manufacturing, agricultural-, biological- 
    and chemical-technologies, energy and environmental technologies, 
    engineering technologies, information technologies, micro and nano-
    technologies, cybersecurity technologies, geospatial technologies, 
    and new, emerging technology areas;'';
                (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``separate bachelor-
            degree- granting institutions'' and inserting ``other 
            entities'';
                (iii) by striking paragraph (7);
                (iv) by redesignating paragraphs (8) and (9) as 
            paragraphs (7) and (8), respectively;
                (v) in paragraph (7), as redesignated by clause (iv), 
            by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
                (vi) in paragraph (8), as redesignated by clause (iv)--

                    (I) by striking ``mathematics, science, 
                engineering, or technology'' and inserting ``science, 
                technology, engineering, or mathematics''; and
                    (II) by striking the period at the end and 
                inserting ``; and''; and

                (vii) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(9) the term skilled technical workforce has the meaning 
    given such term in section 4(b) of the Innovations in Mentoring, 
    Training, and Apprenticeships Act (42 U.S.C. 1862p).''.
        (3) Authorization of appropriations.--Section 5 of the 
    Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862j) is 
    amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director for 
carrying out sections 2 through 4 $150,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2023 through 2027.''.
SEC. 10313. GRADUATE STEM EDUCATION.
    (a) Mentoring and Professional Development.--
        (1) Mentoring plans.--
            (A) Update.--Section 7008(a) of the America Creating 
        Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, 
        Education, and Science Act (42 U.S.C. 1862o(a)) is amended by--
                (i) inserting ``and graduate student'' after 
            ``postdoctoral''; and
                (ii) inserting ``The requirement may be satisfied by 
            providing such individuals with access to mentors, 
            including individuals not listed on the award.'' after 
            ``review criterion.''.
            (B) Evaluation.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an 
        agreement with a qualified independent organization to evaluate 
        the effectiveness of the postdoctoral mentoring plan 
        requirement for improving mentoring for Foundation-supported 
        postdoctoral researchers.
        (2) Career exploration.--
            (A) In general.--The Director shall make awards, on a 
        competitive basis, to institutions of higher education and 
        nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to develop innovative approaches for 
        facilitating career exploration of academic and nonacademic 
        career options and for providing opportunity-broadening 
        experiences, including work-integrated opportunities, for 
        graduate students and postdoctoral scholars that can then be 
        considered, adopted, or adapted by other institutions and to 
        carry out research on the impact and outcomes of such 
        activities.
            (B) Review of proposals.--In selecting award recipients 
        under this subparagraph, the Director shall consider, at a 
        minimum--
                (i) the extent to which the administrators of the 
            institution are committed to making the proposed activity a 
            priority; and
                (ii) the likelihood that the institution or 
            organization will sustain or expand the proposed activity 
            effort beyond the period of the award.
        (3) Development plans.--The Director shall require that annual 
    project reports for awards that support graduate students and 
    postdoctoral scholars include certification by the principal 
    investigator that each graduate student and postdoctoral scholar 
    receiving substantial support from such award, as determined by has 
    developed and annually updated an individual development plan to 
    map educational goals, career exploration, and professional 
    development.
        (4) Professional development supplement.--The Director shall 
    carry out a five-year pilot initiative to award up to 2,500 
    administrative supplements of up to $2,000 to existing research 
    awards annually, on a competitive basis, to support professional 
    development experiences for graduate students and postdoctoral 
    researchers who receive a substantial portion of their support 
    under such award, as determined by the Director. Not more than 10 
    percent of supplements awarded under this subparagraph may be used 
    to support professional development experiences for postdoctoral 
    researchers.
        (5) Graduate education research.--The Director shall make 
    awards, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education 
    or nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
    organizations) to support research on the graduate education system 
    and outcomes of various interventions and policies, including--
            (A) the effects of traineeships, fellowships, internships, 
        and teaching and research assistantships on outcomes for 
        graduate students;
            (B) the effects of graduate education and mentoring 
        policies and procedures on degree completion, including 
        differences by--
                (i) sex, race and ethnicity, and citizenship; and
                (ii) student debt load;
            (C) the development and assessment of new or adapted 
        interventions, including approaches that improve mentoring 
        relationships, develop conflict management skills, and promote 
        healthy research teams; and
            (D) research, data collection, and assessment of the state 
        of graduate student mental health and wellbeing, factors 
        contributing to and consequences of poor graduate student 
        mental health, and the development, adaptation, and assessment 
        of evidence-based strategies and policies to support emotional 
        wellbeing and mental health.
    (b) Graduate Research Fellowship Program Update.--
        (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
    Foundation should increase the number of new graduate research 
    fellows supported annually over the next 5 years to no fewer than 
    3,000 fellows.
        (2) Program update.--Section 10 of the National Science 
    Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1869) is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by inserting ``and as will address 
        national workforce demand in critical STEM fields'' after 
        ``throughout the United States'';
            (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``of $12,000'' and 
        inserting ``of at least $16,000''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Outreach.--The Director shall ensure program outreach to 
recruit fellowship applicants from fields of study that are in areas of 
critical national need from all regions of the country, and from 
historically underrepresented populations in STEM.''.
        (3) Cybersecurity scholarships and graduate fellowships.--The 
    Director shall ensure that students pursuing master's degrees and 
    doctoral degrees in fields relating to cybersecurity are eligible 
    to apply for scholarships and graduate fellowships under the 
    Graduate Research Fellowship Program under section 10 of the 
    National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1869).
    (c) Study on Graduate Student Funding.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an agreement 
    with a qualified independent organization to evaluate--
            (A) the role of the Foundation in supporting graduate 
        student education and training through fellowships, 
        traineeships, and other funding models; and
            (B) the impact of different funding mechanisms on graduate 
        student experiences and outcomes, including whether such 
        mechanisms have differential impacts on subsets of the student 
        population.
        (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
    of this Act, the Director shall publish the results of the 
    evaluation carried out under paragraph (1), including a 
    recommendation for the appropriate balance between fellowships, 
    traineeships, and other funding models.
    (d) [LOG 165 H10304(g)/S2208] AI Scholarship-for-Service.--
        (1) Definition of executive agency.--In this subsection, the 
    term ``executive agency'' has the meaning given the term 
    ``Executive agency'' in section 105 of title 5, United States Code.
        (2) AI scholarship-for-service initiative report.--Not later 
    than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director, 
    in coordination with the Office of Personnel Management, shall 
    submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
    the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
    House of Representatives, the Committee on Homeland Security and 
    Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Oversight 
    and Reform of the House of Representatives a report on the need and 
    feasibility, and if appropriate, plans to implement a program to 
    recruit and train the next generation of artificial intelligence 
    professionals to meet the needs of Federal, State, local, and 
    Tribal governments. The report shall include--
            (A) recent statistical data on the size, composition, and 
        educational requirements of the Federal AI workforce, including 
        an assessment of current and future demand for additional AI 
        professionals across the Federal Government;
            (B) an assessment of the capacity of institutions of higher 
        education to produce graduates with degrees, certifications, 
        and relevant skills related to artificial intelligence that 
        meet the current and future needs of the Federal workforce; and
            (C) an evaluation of the need for and feasibility of 
        establishing a scholarship-for-service program to recruit and 
        train the next generation of artificial intelligence 
        professionals to meet the needs of Federal, State, local, and 
        Tribal governments, including opportunities for leveraging 
        existing processes and resources for administering the Federal 
        Cyber Scholarship-for-Service Program established under section 
        302 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 
        7442) in standing up such a program.
        (3) Program establishment.--Upon submitting the report required 
    in paragraph (2), the Director, in coordination with the Director 
    of the Office of Personnel Management, the Director of the National 
    Institute of Standards and Technology, and the heads of other 
    agencies with appropriate scientific knowledge, is authorized to 
    establish a Federal artificial intelligence scholarship-for-service 
    program (referred to in this section as the Federal AI Scholarship-
    for-Service Program) to recruit and train artificial intelligence 
    professionals to lead and support the application of artificial 
    intelligence to the missions of Federal, State, local, and Tribal 
    governments.
        (4) Qualified institution of higher education.--The Director, 
    in coordination with the heads of other agencies with appropriate 
    scientific knowledge, shall establish criteria to designate 
    qualified institutions of higher education that shall be eligible 
    to participate in the Federal AI Scholarship-for-Service program. 
    Such criteria shall include--
            (A) measures of the institution's demonstrated excellence 
        in the education of students in the field of artificial 
        intelligence; and
            (B) measures of the institution's ability to attract and 
        retain a diverse and nontraditional student population in the 
        fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, 
        which may include the ability to attract women, minorities, and 
        individuals with disabilities.
        (5) Program description and components.--The Federal AI 
    Scholarship-for-Service Program shall--
            (A) provide scholarships through qualified institutions of 
        higher education to students who are enrolled in programs of 
        study at institutions of higher education leading to degrees or 
        concentrations in or related to the artificial intelligence 
        field;
            (B) provide the scholarship recipients with summer 
        internship opportunities or other meaningful temporary 
        appointments in the Federal workforce focusing on AI projects 
        or research;
            (C) prioritize the employment placement of scholarship 
        recipients in executive agencies;
            (D) identify opportunities to promote multi-disciplinary 
        programs of study that integrate basic or advanced AI training 
        with other fields of study, including those that address the 
        social, economic, legal, and ethical implications of human 
        interaction with AI systems;
            (E) support capacity-building education research programs 
        that will enable postsecondary educational institutions to 
        expand their ability to train the next-generation AI workforce, 
        including AI researchers and practitioners;
            (F) create courses or training programs in technology 
        ethics for students receiving scholarships; and
            (G) award fellowships to masters and doctoral students who 
        are pursuing degrees or research in artificial intelligence and 
        related fields, including in the field of technology ethics.
        (6) Scholarship amounts.--Each scholarship under paragraph (5) 
    shall be in an amount that covers the student's tuition and fees at 
    the institution for not more than 3 years and provides the student 
    with an additional stipend.
        (7) Post-award employment obligations.--Each scholarship 
    recipient, as a condition of receiving a scholarship under the 
    program, shall enter into an agreement under which the recipient 
    agrees to work for a period equal to the length of the scholarship, 
    following receipt of the student's degree, in the AI mission of--
            (A) an executive agency;
            (B) Congress, including any agency, entity, office, or 
        commission established in the legislative branch;
            (C) an interstate agency;
            (D) a State, local, or Tribal government, which may include 
        instruction in AI-related skill sets in a public school system; 
        or
            (E) a State, local, or Tribal government-affiliated 
        nonprofit entity that is considered to be critical 
        infrastructure (as defined in section 1016(e) of the USA 
        Patriot Act (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).
        (8) Hiring authority.--
            (A) Appointment in excepted service.--Notwithstanding any 
        provision of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, 
        governing appointments in the competitive service, an executive 
        agency may appoint an individual who has completed the eligible 
        degree program for which a scholarship was awarded to a 
        position in the excepted service in the executive agency.
            (B) Noncompetitive conversion.--Except as provided in 
        subparagraph (D), upon fulfillment of the service term, an 
        employee appointed under subparagraph (A) may be converted 
        noncompetitively to term, career-conditional, or career 
        appointment.
            (C) Timing of conversion.--An executive agency may 
        noncompetitively convert a term employee appointed under 
        subparagraph (B) to a career-conditional or career appointment 
        before the term appointment expires.
            (D) Authority to decline conversion.--An executive agency 
        may decline to make the noncompetitive conversion or 
        appointment under subparagraph (B) for cause.
        (9) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a scholarship under 
    this section, an individual shall--
            (A) be a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United 
        States;
            (B) demonstrate a commitment to a career in advancing the 
        field of AI;
            (C) be--
                (i) a full-time student in an eligible degree program 
            at a qualified institution of higher education, as 
            determined by the Director;
                (ii) a student pursuing a degree on a less than full-
            time basis, but not less than half-time basis; or
                (iii) an AI faculty member on sabbatical to advance 
            knowledge in the field; and
            (D) accept the terms of a scholarship under this section.
        (10) Conditions of support.--
            (A) In general.--As a condition of receiving a scholarship 
        under this section, a recipient shall agree to provide the 
        qualified institution of higher education with annual 
        verifiable documentation of post-award employment and up-to-
        date contact information.
            (B) Terms.--A scholarship recipient under this section 
        shall be liable to the United States as provided in paragraph 
        (12) if the individual--
                (i) fails to maintain an acceptable level of academic 
            standing at the applicable institution of higher education, 
            as determined by the Director;
                (ii) is dismissed from the applicable institution of 
            higher education for disciplinary reasons;
                (iii) withdraws from the eligible degree program before 
            completing the program;
                (iv) declares that the individual does not intend to 
            fulfill the post- award employment obligation under this 
            section; or
                (v) fails to fulfill the post-award employment 
            obligation of the individual under this section.
        (11) Monitoring compliance.--As a condition of participating in 
    the program, a qualified institution of higher education shall--
            (A) enter into an agreement with the Director to monitor 
        the compliance of scholarship recipients with respect to their 
        post-award employment obligations; and
            (B) provide to the Director, on an annual basis, the post-
        award employment documentation required under paragraph (10) 
        for scholarship recipients through the completion of their 
        post-award employment obligations.
        (12) Amount of repayment.--
            (A) Less than 1 year of service.--If a circumstance 
        described in paragraph (10) occurs before the completion of 1 
        year of a post-award employment obligation under this section, 
        the total amount of scholarship awards received by the 
        individual under this section shall--
                (i) be repaid; or
                (ii) be treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance 
            with paragraph (13).
            (B) 1 or more years of service.--If a circumstance 
        described in clause (iv) or (v) of paragraph (10)(B) occurs 
        after the completion of 1 or more years of a post-award 
        employment obligation under this section, the total amount of 
        scholarship awards received by the individual under this 
        section, reduced by the ratio of the number of years of service 
        completed divided by the number of years of service required, 
        shall--
                (i) be repaid; or
                (ii) be treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance 
            with paragraph (13).
        (13) Repayments.--A loan described in paragraph (12) shall--
            (A) be treated as a Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford 
        Loan under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 
        1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.); and
            (B) be subject to repayment, together with interest thereon 
        accruing from the date of the scholarship award, in accordance 
        with terms and conditions specified by the Director (in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Education).
        (14) Collection of repayment.--
            (A) In general.--In the event that a scholarship recipient 
        is required to repay the scholarship award under this section, 
        the qualified institution of higher education providing the 
        scholarship shall--
                (i) determine the repayment amounts and notify the 
            recipient and the Director of the amounts owed; and
                (ii) collect the repayment amounts within a period of 
            time as determined by the Director, or the repayment 
            amounts shall be treated as a loan in accordance with 
            paragraph (13).
            (B) Returned to treasury.--Except as provided in 
        subparagraph (C), any repayment under this subsection shall be 
        returned to the Treasury of the United States.
            (C) Retain percentage.--A qualified institution of higher 
        education may retain a percentage of any repayment the 
        institution collects under this subsection to defray 
        administrative costs associated with the collection. The 
        Director shall establish a fixed percentage that will apply to 
        all eligible entities, and may update this percentage as 
        needed, in the determination of the Director.
        (15) Exceptions.--The Director may provide for the partial or 
    total waiver or suspension of any service or payment obligation by 
    an individual under this section whenever compliance by the 
    individual with the obligation is impossible or would involve 
    extreme hardship to the individual, or if enforcement of such 
    obligation with respect to the individual would be unconscionable.
        (16) Public information.--
            (A) Evaluation.--The Director, in coordination with the 
        Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall annually 
        evaluate and make public, in a manner that protects the 
        personally identifiable information of scholarship recipients, 
        information on the success of recruiting individuals for 
        scholarships under this section and on hiring and retaining 
        those individuals in the public sector AI workforce, including 
        information on--
                (i) placement rates;
                (ii) where students are placed, including job titles 
            and descriptions;
                (iii) salary ranges for students not released from 
            obligations under this section;
                (iv) how long after graduation students are placed;
                (v) how long students stay in the positions they enter 
            upon graduation;
                (vi) how many students are released from obligations; 
            and
                (vii) what, if any, remedial training is required.
            (B) Reports.--The Director, in coordination with the Office 
        of Personnel Management, shall submit, not less frequently than 
        once every 3 years, to the Committee on Homeland Security and 
        Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, 
        and the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of 
        Representatives a report, including the results of the 
        evaluation under subparagraph (A) and any recent statistics 
        regarding the size, composition, and educational requirements 
        of the Federal AI workforce.
            (C) Resources.--The Director, in coordination with the 
        Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall provide 
        consolidated and user-friendly online resources for prospective 
        scholarship recipients, including, to the extent practicable--
                (i) searchable, up-to-date, and accurate information 
            about participating institutions of higher education and 
            job opportunities related to the AI field; and
                (ii) a modernized description of AI careers.
        (17) Refresh.--Not less than once every 2 years, the Director, 
    in coordination with the Director of the Office of Personnel 
    Management, shall review and update the Federal AI Scholarship-for-
    Service Program to reflect advances in technology.
SEC. 10314. STEM WORKFORCE DATA.
    (a) Skilled Technical Workforce Portfolio Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Director shall conduct a full portfolio 
    analysis of the Foundation's skilled technical workforce 
    investments across all Directorates in the areas of education, 
    research, infrastructure, data collection, and analysis.
        (2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
    review under paragraph (1) is complete, the Director shall submit 
    to Congress and make widely available to the public a summary 
    report of the portfolio review.
    (b) Survey Data.--
        (1) Rotating topic modules.--To meet evolving needs for data on 
    the state of the science and engineering workforce, the Director 
    shall assess, through coordination with other Federal statistical 
    agencies and drawing on input from relevant stakeholders, the 
    feasibility and benefits of incorporating questions or topic 
    modules to existing National Center for Science and Engineering 
    Statistics surveys that would vary from cycle to cycle.
        (2) New data.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to Congress and 
    the Board the results of an assessment, carried out in coordination 
    with other Federal agencies and with input from relevant 
    stakeholders, of the feasibility and benefits of incorporating new 
    questions or topic modules to existing National Center for Science 
    and Engineering Statistics surveys on--
            (A) the skilled technical workforce;
            (B) working conditions and work-life balance;
            (C) harassment and discrimination;
            (D) immigration and emigration; and
            (E) any other topics at the discretion of the Director.
        (3) Longitudinal design.--The Director shall continue and 
    accelerate efforts to enhance the usefulness of National Center for 
    Science and Engineering Statistics survey data for longitudinal 
    research and analysis.
        (4) Government accountability office review.--Not later than 1 
    year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
    General of the United States shall submit a report to Congress 
    that--
            (A) evaluates Foundation processes for ensuring the data 
        and analysis produced by the National Center for Science and 
        Engineering Statistics meets current and future needs; and
            (B) includes such recommendations as the Comptroller 
        General determines are appropriate to improve such processes.
SEC. 10315. CYBER WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make awards on a merit-
reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of higher education or 
nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
organizations) to carry out research on the cyber workforce.
    (b) Research.--In carrying out research pursuant to subsection (a), 
the Director shall support research and development activities to--
        (1) understand the current state of the cyber workforce, 
    including factors that influence growth, retention, and development 
    of that workforce;
        (2) examine paths to entry and re-entry into the cyber 
    workforce;
        (3) understand trends of the cyber workforce, including 
    demographic representation, educational and professional 
    backgrounds present, competencies available, and factors that shape 
    employee recruitment, development, and retention and how to 
    increase the size, diversity, and capability of the cyber 
    workforce;
        (4) examine and evaluate training practices, models, programs, 
    and technologies; and
        (5) other closely related topics as the Director determines 
    appropriate.
    (c) Requirements.--In carrying out the activities described in 
subsection (b), the Director shall--
        (1) collaborate with the National Institute of Standards and 
    Technology, including the National Initiative for Cybersecurity 
    Education, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of 
    Defense, the Office of Personnel Management, and other Federal 
    departments and agencies, as appropriate;
        (2) align with or build on the National Initiative on 
    Cybersecurity Education Cybersecurity Workforce Framework wherever 
    practicable and applicable;
        (3) leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing 
    cyber workforce development research and education activities; and
        (4) engage with other Federal departments and agencies, 
    research communities, and potential users of information produced 
    under this subsection.
SEC. 10316. FEDERAL CYBER SCHOLARSHIP-FOR-SERVICE PROGRAM.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) since cybersecurity risks are constant in the growing 
    digital world, it is critical that the United States stay ahead of 
    malicious cyber activity with a workforce that can safeguard our 
    innovation, research, and work environments; and
        (2) Federal investments in the Federal Cyber Scholarship-for-
    Service Program at the National Science Foundation play a critical 
    role in preparing and sustaining a strong, talented, and much-
    needed national cybersecurity workforce and should be strengthened.
    (b) In General.--Section 302(b)(1) of the Cybersecurity Enhancement 
Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7442(b)(1)) is amended by striking the semicolon 
at the end and inserting the following ``and cybersecurity-related 
aspects of other related fields as appropriate, including artificial 
intelligence, quantum computing and aerospace;''.
SEC. 10317. CYBERSECURITY WORKFORCE DATA INITIATIVE.
    The Director, acting through the National Center for Science and 
Engineering Statistics established in section 505 of the America 
COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p) and in 
coordination with the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology and other appropriate Federal statistical agencies, 
shall establish a cybersecurity workforce data initiative that--
        (1) assesses the feasibility of providing nationally 
    representative estimates and statistical information on the 
    cybersecurity workforce;
        (2) utilizes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity 
    Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NIST Special 
    Publication 800-181), or other frameworks, as appropriate, to 
    enable a consistent measurement of the cybersecurity workforce;
        (3) utilizes and complements existing data on employer 
    requirements and unfilled positions in the cybersecurity workforce;
        (4) consults key stakeholders and the broader community of 
    practice in cybersecurity workforce development to determine data 
    requirements needed to strengthen the cybersecurity workforce;
        (5) evaluates existing Federal survey data for information 
    pertinent to developing national estimates of the cybersecurity 
    workforce;
        (6) evaluates administrative data and other supplementary data 
    sources, as available, to describe and measure the cybersecurity 
    workforce; and
        (7) collects statistical data, to the greatest extent 
    practicable, on credential attainment and employment outcomes 
    information for the cybersecurity workforce.
SEC. 10318. MICROELECTRONICS WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.
    (a) Creating Helpful Initiatives to Produce Personnel in Needed 
Growth Industries.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards to institutions 
    of higher education, non-profit organizations, or consortia 
    thereof, for research, development, and related activities to 
    advance innovative approaches to developing, improving, and 
    expanding evidence-based education and workforce development 
    activities and learning experiences at all levels of education in 
    fields and disciplines related to microelectronics.
        (2) Purposes.--Activities carried out under this section shall 
    be for the purpose of supporting the growth, retention, and 
    development of a diverse and sustainable microelectronics workforce 
    to meet the requirements of the programs established in section 
    9906(c)(2)(C) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 in support of the evolving 
    needs of industry, academia, government, and Federal laboratories.
        (3) Uses of funds.--Awards made under this section shall be 
    used to support activities, such as--
            (A) development of industry-oriented curricula and teaching 
        modules for topics relevant to microelectronics, including 
        those that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences;
            (B) dissemination of materials developed in subparagraph 
        (A), including through the creation and maintenance of a 
        publicly-accessible database and online portal;
            (C) development and implementation of training, research, 
        and professional development programs for teachers, including 
        innovative pre-service and in-service programs, in 
        microelectronics and related fields;
            (D) support for learning activities and experiences that 
        provide physical, simulated, or remote access to training 
        facilities and industry-standard processes and tools, including 
        equipment and software for the design, development, 
        manufacturing, and testing of microelectronics;
            (E) increasing the integration of microelectronics content 
        into STEM curricula at all education levels;
            (F) Growing academic research capacity in microelectronics 
        by incentivizing the hiring of faculty in fields critical to 
        microelectronics;
            (G) support for innovative industry pathway programs that 
        connect high school, vocational, military, college, and 
        graduate programs; and
            (H) providing informal hands-on microelectronics learning 
        opportunities for PreK-12 students in different learning 
        environments, including competitions.
        (4) Advanced microelectronics traineeships.--
            (A) In general.--The Director shall make awards to 
        institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or 
        consortia of such institutions and organizations) to establish 
        traineeship programs for graduate students who pursue 
        microelectronics research leading to a masters or doctorate 
        degree by providing funding and other assistance, and by 
        providing graduate students with opportunities for research 
        experiences in government or industry related to the students' 
        microelectronics studies.
            (B) Use of funds.--Institutions of higher education or non-
        profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions and 
        organizations) shall use award funds provided under 
        subparagraph (A) for the purposes of--
                (i) paying tuition and fees, and providing stipends, 
            for students receiving traineeships who are citizens, 
            nationals, or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent 
            residence;
                (ii) facilitating opportunities for scientific 
            internship programs for students receiving traineeships in 
            microelectronics at private industry, nonprofit research 
            institutions, or Federal laboratories; and
                (iii) such other costs associated with the 
            administration of the program.
        (5) Microelectronics skilled technical workforce programs.--The 
    Director shall make awards under the Scientific and Advanced-
    Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862h-j) to support programs for 
    skilled technical workers in STEM disciplines that are aligned with 
    skilled workforce needs of the microelectronics industry and lead 
    to an associate's degree, or equivalent certification, by providing 
    funding and other assistance, including opportunities for 
    internships and other hands-on experiences in industry related to 
    the students' microelectronics studies.
        (6) Microelectronics research experiences through existing 
    programs.--The Director shall seek to increase opportunities for 
    microelectronics research for students and trainees at all levels 
    by encouraging proposals in microelectronics through existing 
    programs including--
            (A) research experiences for undergraduates pursuant to 
        section 514 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 
        (42 U.S.C. 1862p-6);
            (B) postdoctoral fellowship programs established pursuant 
        to section 522 of the America COMPETES Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
        1862p-11);
            (C) graduate fellowships established pursuant to section 10 
        of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 
        1869);
            (D) informal STEM education programs established pursuant 
        to section 3 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 
        1862q);
            (E) the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program 
        established pursuant to section 10 of the National Science 
        Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n-1);
            (F) major research instrumentation programs established 
        pursuant to section 7036 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1862o-14); and
            (G) low-income scholarship program established pursuant to 
        section 414(d) of the American Competitiveness and Workforce 
        Improvement Act of 1998 (42 U.S.C. 1869c).
        (7) Industry partnerships.--In carrying out the activities 
    under this section, the Director shall encourage awardees to 
    partner with industry and other private sector organizations to 
    facilitate the expansion of workforce pipelines and enable access 
    to industry-standard equipment and software for use in 
    undergraduate and graduate microelectronics education programs.
        (8) Interagency coordination.--In carrying out activities under 
    this section, the Director shall collaborate with the Subcommittee 
    on Microelectronics Leadership of the National Science and 
    Technology Council, established in subsection (a) of section 9906 
    of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
    Act for Fiscal Year 2021 and the National Semiconductor Technology 
    Center established in subsection (c) of section 9906 of such Act, 
    and other relevant Federal agencies to maintain the effectiveness 
    of microelectronics workforce development activities across the 
    agencies.
    (b) National Network for Microelectronics Education.--
        (1) In general.--The Director, in coordination with the 
    Secretary of Commerce, shall on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
    basis, make awards to institutions of higher education and non-
    profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions and 
    organizations) to establish partnerships to enhance and broaden 
    participation in microelectronics education.
        (2) Activities.--Awards made under this subsection shall be 
    used for the following:
            (A) To conduct training and education activities funded by 
        awards under paragraph (1) and in coordination with the Network 
        Coordination Hub established in paragraph (3), including 
        curricula design, development, dissemination, and assessment, 
        and the sharing of information and best practices across the 
        network of awardees.
            (B) To develop regional partnerships among associate-
        degree-granting colleges, bachelor-degree-granting 
        institutions, workforce development programs, labor 
        organizations, and industry to create a diverse national 
        technical workforce trained in microelectronics and ensure 
        education and training is meeting the evolving needs of 
        industry.
            (C) To develop local workforce pipelines that align with 
        capacity investments made by industry and the Federal 
        government, including vocational and high school training 
        programs, community college degrees and certificates, veteran 
        post service opportunities, and mentoring.
            (D) To facilitate partnerships with employers, employer 
        consortia or other private sector organizations that offer 
        apprenticeships, internships, or applied learning experiences 
        in the field of microelectronics.
            (E) To develop shared infrastructure available to 
        institutions of higher education, two-year colleges, and 
        private organizations to enable experiential learning 
        activities and provide physical or digital access to training 
        facilities and industry-standard tools and processes.
            (F) To create and disseminate public outreach to support 
        awareness of microelectronics education and career 
        opportunities, including through outreach to PreK-12 schools 
        and STEM-related organizations.
            (G) To collaborate and coordinate with industry and 
        existing public and private organizations conducting 
        microelectronics education and workforce development 
        activities, as practicable.
        (3) Network coordination hub.--The Director shall make an award 
    on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to an institution of higher 
    education or nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof) to 
    establish a national network of partnerships (referred to in this 
    section as the ``National Network for Microelectronics Education'') 
    to coordinate activities, best practice sharing, and access to 
    facilities across the partnerships established in accordance with 
    paragraph (1).
        (4) Incentivizing participation.--To the extent practicable, 
    the Director shall encourage participation in the National Network 
    for Microelectronics Education through the coordination of 
    activities and distribution of awards described in subsection (a).
        (5) Partnerships.--The Director shall encourage the submission 
    of proposals that are led by historically Black colleges and 
    universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, and minority-serving 
    institutions or that include partnerships with or among such 
    institutions to increase the recruitment of students from groups 
    historically underrepresented in STEM to pursue graduate studies in 
    microelectronics.
        (6) Outreach.--In addition to any other requirements as 
    determined appropriate by the Director, the Director shall require 
    that proposals for awards under this section shall include a 
    description of how the applicant will develop and implement 
    outreach activities to increase the participation of women and 
    other students from groups historically underrepresented in STEM.
        (7) Coordination across foundation programs.--In carrying out 
    the activities under this section, the Director shall ensure 
    awardees coordinate with, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
    activities carried out under this Section with the activities of 
    the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act 
    (Public Law 108-153), the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public 
    Law 115-368), and Division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, and other 
    related programs, as appropriate.
        (8) Interagency coordination.--In carrying out activities under 
    this section, the Director shall collaborate with the Subcommittee 
    on Microelectronics Leadership of the National Science and 
    Technology Council, established in subsection (a) of section 9906 
    of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
    Act for Fiscal Year 2021 and the National Semiconductor Technology 
    Center established in subsection (c) of section 9906 of such Act.
SEC. 10319. INCORPORATION OF ART AND DESIGN INTO CERTAIN STEM 
EDUCATION.
    (a) National Science Foundation Authorization Act.--Section 9(a) of 
the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 
1862n(a)) is amended in paragraph (3)--
        (1) in subparagraph (M), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) by redesignating subparagraph (N) as subparagraph (O); and
        (3) after subparagraph (M), by inserting the following new 
    subparagraph:
            ``(N) developing science, technology, engineering, and 
        mathematics educational curriculum that incorporates art and 
        design to promote creativity and innovation; and''.
    (b) STEM Education Act [Log 169 H10304(k)].--Section 3 of the STEM 
Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1862q) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and inserting 
        ``; and''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) the integration of art and design in STEM educational 
    programs.''; and
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (B) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and inserting 
        ``; and''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) design and testing of programming that integrates art and 
    design in STEM education to promote creativity and innovation.''.
SEC. 10320. MANDATORY COST-SHARING.
    (a) Waiver.--The cost-sharing requirements under section 7036(c) of 
the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence 
in Technology, Education, and Science Act (42 U.S.C. 1862o-14(c)) for 
the Major Research Instrumentation Program and under section 10A(i) of 
the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 
1862n-1a(i)) for teaching fellowships administered within the Robert 
Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program are waived for a period of 5 years 
following the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Assessment.--Not later than 5 years following the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to Congress an 
assessment, that includes feedback from the research community, of the 
impacts of the waivers provided under subsection (a), including--
        (1) programmatic and scientific goals;
        (2) institutional commitment and stewardship of Federal 
    resources;
        (3) institutional strategic planning and administrative burden;
        (4) equity among recipient institutions; and
        (5) recommendations for or against extending or making 
    permanent such waivers.
SEC. 10321. PROGRAMS TO ADDRESS THE STEM WORKFORCE.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall issue undergraduate 
scholarships, including at community colleges, graduate fellowships and 
traineeships, postdoctoral awards, and, as appropriate, other awards, 
to address STEM workforce gaps, including for programs that recruit, 
retain, and advance students to a bachelor's degree in a STEM 
discipline concurrent with a secondary school diploma, such as through 
existing and new partnerships with State educational agencies.
    (b) Postdoctoral Professional Development.--In carrying out this 
section, the Director shall encourage innovation in postdoctoral 
professional development, support the development and diversity of the 
STEM workforce, and study the impacts of such innovation and support. 
To do so, the Director may use postdoctoral awards established under 
subsection (a) or leveraged under subsection (d)(1) for fellowships or 
other temporary rotational postings of not more than 2 years. Such 
fellowships or temporary rotational postings shall be awarded--
        (1) to qualified individuals who have a doctoral degree and 
    received such degree not earlier than 5 years before the date that 
    the fellowship or temporary rotational posting begins; and
        (2) to carry out research at Federal, State, local, and Tribal 
    government research facilities.
    (c) Direct Hire Authority.--
        (1) In general.--The head of any Federal agency may appoint, 
    without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of 
    title 5, United States Code, other than sections 3303 and 3328 of 
    that title, a qualified candidate described in paragraph (2) 
    directly to a position in the competitive service with the Federal 
    agency for which the candidate meets Office of Personnel Management 
    qualification standards.
        (2) Fellowship or temporary rotational posting.--Paragraph (1) 
    applies with respect to a former recipient of an award under this 
    subsection who--
            (A) earned a doctoral degree in a STEM field from an 
        institution of higher education; and
            (B) successfully fulfilled the requirements of the 
        fellowship or temporary rotational posting within a Federal 
        agency.
        (3) Limitation.--The direct hire authority under this 
    subsection shall be exercised with respect to a specific qualified 
    candidate not later than 2 years after the date that the candidate 
    completed the requirements related to the fellowship or temporary 
    rotational posting described under this subsection.
    (d) Existing Programs.--In carrying out this section, the Director 
may leverage existing programs, including programs that issue--
        (1) postdoctoral awards;
        (2) graduate fellowships and traineeships, inclusive of the NSF 
    Research Traineeships and fellowships awarded under the Graduate 
    Research Fellowship Program;
        (3) scholarships, research experiences, and internships, 
    including--
            (A) scholarships to attend community colleges; and
            (B) research experiences and internships under sections 
        513, 514, and 515 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-5; 1862p-6; 42 U.S.C. 1862p-7); and
        (4) awards to institutions of higher education to enable the 
    institutions to fund innovation in undergraduate and graduate 
    education, increased educational capacity, and the development and 
    establishment of new or specialized programs of study for graduate, 
    undergraduate, or technical college students, and the evaluation of 
    the effectiveness of the programs of study.

                  Subtitle C--Broadening Participation

SEC. 10321. PRESIDENTIAL AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS AND 
SCIENCE.
    (a) In General.--Section 117(a) of the National Science Foundation 
Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1881b(a)) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (B)--
            (A) by striking ``108'' and inserting ``110'';
            (B) by striking clause (iv);
            (C) in clause (v), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and'';
            (D) by redesignating clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and (v) as 
        subclauses (I), (II), (III), and (IV), respectively, and moving 
        the margins of such subclauses (as so redesignated) two ems to 
        the right; and
            (E) by striking ``In selecting teachers'' and all that 
        follows through ``two teachers--'' and inserting the following:
            ``(C) In selecting teachers for an award authorized by this 
        subsection, the President shall select--
                ``(i) at least two teachers--''; and
        (2) in subparagraph (C), as so designated by paragraph (1)(E) 
    of this subsection, by adding at the end the following:
                ``(ii) at least one teacher--

                    ``(I) from the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
                Islands;
                    ``(II) from American Samoa;
                    ``(III) from the Virgin Islands of the United 
                States; and
                    ``(IV) from Guam.''.

    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
apply with respect to awards made on or after the date of the enactment 
of this Act.
SEC. 10322. ROBERT NOYCE TEACHER SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM UPDATE.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that over the 
next five years the Foundation should increase the number of 
scholarships awarded under the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship program 
established under section 10 of the National Science Foundation 
Authorization Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n-1) by 50 percent.
    (b) Outreach.--To increase the diversity of participants, the 
Director shall support symposia, forums, conferences, and other 
activities to expand and enhance outreach to--
        (1) historically Black colleges and universities;
        (2) Tribal Colleges or Universities;
        (3) minority-serving institutions;
        (4) institutions of higher education that are located near or 
    serve rural communities, including EPSCoR institutions;
        (5) labor organizations;
        (6) emerging research institutions; and
        (7) higher education programs that serve or support veterans.
SEC. 10323. NSF EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON INCLUDES INITIATIVE.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make awards, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to carry out a 
comprehensive national initiative to facilitate the development of 
networks and partnerships to build on and scale up effective practices 
in broadening participation in STEM studies and careers of groups 
historically underrepresented in such studies and careers.
    (b) Change of Name.--The initiative under subsection (a) shall be 
known as the ``Eddie Bernice Johnson Inclusion across the Nation of 
Communities of Learners of Underrepresented Discoverers in Engineering 
and Science Initiative'' or the ``Eddie Bernice Johnson INCLUDES 
Initiative''.
SEC. 10324. BROADENING PARTICIPATION ON MAJOR FACILITIES AWARDS.
    The Director shall require organizations seeking a cooperative 
agreement for the management of the operations and maintenance of a 
Foundation project to demonstrate prior experience and current 
capabilities in or to have a plan for employing best practices in 
broadening participation in science and engineering and ensure 
implementation of such practices is considered in oversight of the 
award.
SEC. 10325. EXPANDING GEOGRAPHIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY IN 
RESEARCH.
    (a) Continuing Support for EPSCoR .--
        (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (A) because maintaining the Nation's scientific and 
        economic leadership requires the participation of talented 
        individuals nationwide, EPSCoR investments into State research 
        and education capacities are in the Federal interest and should 
        be sustained;
            (B) EPSCoR should maintain its experimental component by 
        supporting innovative methods for improving research capacity 
        and competitiveness; and
            (C) the Director should carry out this subsection while 
        maintaining or increasing proposal success rates at emerging 
        research institutions throughout the United States and without 
        precluding access to awards for such institutions.
        (2) Update of epscor.--Section 517(f)(2) of the America 
    COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-9(f)(2)) is 
    amended--
            (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end; 
        and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) to increase the capacity of rural communities to 
        provide quality STEM education and STEM workforce development 
        programming to students, and teachers; and''.
        (3) Geographic diversity and inclusion.--
            (A) In general.--To the maximum extent practicable, not 
        less than--
                (i) 15.5 percent in fiscal year 2023,
                (ii) 16 percent in fiscal year 2024,
                (iii) 16.5 percent in fiscal year 2025,
                (iv) 17 percent in fiscal year 2026,
                (v) 18 percent in fiscal year 2027,
                (vi) 19 percent in fiscal year 2028, and
                (vii) 20 percent in fiscal year 2029,
        of the amounts appropriated to the Foundation for research and 
        related activities, and science, mathematics, and engineering 
        education and human resources programs and activities, 
        excluding those amounts made available for polar research and 
        operations support (and operations and maintenance of research 
        facilities), shall be awarded to EPSCoR institutions.
            (B) Scholarships.--To the maximum extent practicable, not 
        less than--
                (i) 16 percent in fiscal year 2023,
                (ii) 18 percent in fiscal year 2024, and
                (iii) 20 percent in each of fiscal years 2025 through 
            2029,
        of the amounts appropriated to the Foundation for scholarships 
        (including at community colleges), graduate fellowships and 
        traineeships, and postdoctoral awards shall be used to support 
        EPSCoR institutions.
            (C) Considerations.--The Director shall consider 
        prioritizing funding and activities that enable sustainable 
        growth in the competitiveness of EPSCoR jurisdictions, 
        including--
                (i) infrastructure investments to build research 
            capacity in EPSCoR jurisdictions;
                (ii) scholarships, fellowships, and traineeships within 
            new and existing programs, to promote the development of 
            sustainable research and academic personnel;
                (iii) partnerships between eligible organizations in 
            EPSCoR and non-EPSCoR jurisdictions, to develop 
            administrative, grant management, and proposal writing 
            capabilities in EPSCoR jurisdictions;
                (iv) capacity building activities for emerging research 
            institutions, historically Black colleges and universities, 
            Tribal Colleges or Universities, and minority serving 
            institutions, consistent with this section and section 
            10524 of this division; and
                (v) leveraging the Partnerships for Innovation program, 
            as well as the Foundation coordination role in the 
            Department of Commerce technology and innovation hub 
            program under section 28 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
            Innovation Act of 1980 as added by section 10621, to build 
            sustainable innovation ecosystems in EPSCoR jurisdictions.
            (D) Merit review.--The Director shall achieve the 
        percentages specified in this paragraph to the maximum extent 
        practicable, consistent with the National Science Foundation 
        merit review process.
            (E) Consortia.--In the case of an award to a consortium, 
        the Director may count the entire award toward meeting the 
        funding requirements of subparagraph (A) if the lead entity of 
        the consortium is located in an EPSCoR institution
            (F) Annual reporting.--Beginning with the fiscal year 2023, 
        the Director shall submit to Congress a report describing--
                (i) the Foundation's implementation of this paragraph;
                (ii) progress in building research capacity, including 
            both infrastructure and personnel, in EPSCoR jurisdictions, 
            including at historically Black colleges and universities, 
            Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-serving 
            institutions, and emerging research institutions; and
                (iii) if the Foundation does not meet the requirement 
            described in subparagraph (A), an explanation relating 
            thereto and a plan for compliance in the following fiscal 
            year and remediation.
            (G) Analysis and sustainability report.--Not later than 
        December 31, 2026, the Director shall submit to Congress a 
        report containing an analysis of the impacts of the 
        requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B). The report shall 
        include--
                (i) an analysis of how the requirements under this 
            paragraph affected the balance of total funding awarded by 
            the Foundation to states and territories across the United 
            States;
                (ii) an analysis of any changes in award success and 
            total funding awarded to Historically black colleges and 
            universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-
            serving institutions, and emerging research institutions 
            between the date of enactment and December 31, 2026;
                (iii) an analysis of the gains in academic research 
            capacity, quality, and competitiveness and in science and 
            technology human resource development in EPSCoR 
            jurisdictions made between the enactment of this Act and 
            December 31, 2026;
                (iv) an assessment of EPSCoR eligibility criteria and 
            determination on whether new eligibility criteria should be 
            developed based on the findings from clauses (i), (ii), and 
            (iii); and
                (v) a plan to sustain and grow improvements in research 
            capacity and competitiveness in EPSCoR jurisdictions.
            (H) EPSCoR eligibility.--
                (i) In general.--The Director shall ensure eligibility 
            for current EPSCoR jurisdictions for five years from the 
            date of enactment of this Act, after which the Director 
            shall determine whether new eligibility criteria should be 
            developed based on the findings in the report required 
            under subparagraph (G).
                (ii) Report.--Not later than December 31, 2028, the 
            Director shall report to Congress regarding any new 
            eligibility criteria determined under clause (i), any 
            changes to jurisdictional eligibility based on such 
            criteria, and the necessity and practicality of continuing 
            or modifying the requirement under subparagraph (A) given 
            any such changes to eligibility. The report shall include 
            an analysis of options to support regions in non-EPSCoR 
            jurisdictions, adjacent to EPSCoR jurisdictions, that 
            historically receive disproportionately low levels of 
            funding from the Foundation, including, if appropriate, 
            options to expand the EPSCoR program or to establish new 
            programs.
    (b) Fostering Stem Research Diversity and Capacity Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards on a 
    competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions to 
    implement and study innovative approaches for building research 
    capacity in order to engage and retain students from a range of 
    institutions and diverse backgrounds in STEM.
        (2) Eligible institution defined.--In this subsection the term 
    ``eligible institution'' means an institution of higher education 
    that, according to the data published by the National Center for 
    Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on average, among the 
    top 100 institutions in Federal research and development 
    expenditures during the 3-year period prior to the year of the 
    award.
        (3) Purpose.--The activities under this subsection shall be 
    focused on achieving simultaneous impacts at the student, faculty, 
    and institutional levels by increasing the research capacity at 
    eligible institutions and the number of undergraduate and graduate 
    students pursuing STEM degrees from eligible institutions.
        (4) Requirements.--In carrying out this program, the Director 
    shall--
            (A) require eligible institutions seeking funding under 
        this subsection to submit an application to the Director at 
        such time, in such manner, containing such information and 
        assurances as the Director may require. The application shall 
        include, at a minimum a description of how the eligible 
        institution plans to sustain the proposed activities beyond the 
        duration of the award;
            (B) require applicants to identify disciplines and focus 
        areas in which the eligible institution can excel, and explain 
        how the applicant will use the award to build capacity to 
        bolster the institutional research competitiveness of eligible 
        entities to support awards made by the Foundation and increase 
        regional and national capacity in STEM;
            (C) require the awards funded under this subsection to 
        support research and related activities, which may include--
                (i) development or expansion of research programs in 
            disciplines and focus areas in subparagraph (B);
                (ii) faculty recruitment and professional development 
            in disciplines and focus areas in subparagraph (B), 
            including for early-career researchers;
                (iii) stipends for undergraduate and graduate students 
            participating in research in disciplines and focus areas in 
            subparagraph (B);
                (iv) acquisition of instrumentation necessary to build 
            research capacity at an eligible institution in disciplines 
            and focus areas in subparagraph (B);
                (v) an assessment of capacity-building and research 
            infrastructure needs;
                (vi) administrative research development support; and
                (vii) other activities necessary to build research 
            capacity; and
            (D) require that no eligible institution should receive 
        more than $10,000,000 in any single year of funds made 
        available under this section.
        (5) Additional considerations.--In making awards under this 
    subsection, the Director may also consider--
            (A) the extent to which the applicant will support students 
        from diverse backgrounds, including first-generation 
        undergraduate students;
            (B) the geographic and institutional diversity of the 
        applying institutions; and
            (C) how the applicants can leverage public-private 
        partnerships and existing partnerships with Federal Research 
        Agencies.
        (6) Duplication.--The Director shall ensure the awards made 
    under this subsection are complementary and not duplicative of 
    existing programs.
        (7) Report.--The Director shall submit a report to Congress 
    after the third year of the program that includes--
            (A) an assessment of the effectiveness of the program for 
        growing the geographic and institutional diversity of 
        institutions of higher education receiving research awards from 
        the Foundation;
            (B) an assessment of the quality, quantity, and geographic 
        and institutional diversity of institutions of higher education 
        conducting Foundation- sponsored research since the 
        establishment of the program in this subsection;
            (C) an assessment of the quantity and diversity of 
        undergraduate and graduate students graduating from eligible 
        institutions with STEM degrees; and
            (D) statistical summary data on the program, including the 
        geographic and institutional allocation of award funding, the 
        number and diversity of supported graduate and undergraduate 
        students, and how it contributes to capacity building at 
        eligible entities.
        (8) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Director $150,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
    years 2023 through 2027 to carry out the activities under this 
    subsection.
    (c) Partnerships With Emerging Research Institutions.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall establish a five-year pilot 
    program for awards to research partnerships that involve emerging 
    research institutions and may involve institutions classified as 
    very high research activity by the Carnegie Classification of 
    Institutions of Higher Education at the time of application.
        (2) Requirements.--In carrying out this program, the Director 
    shall--
            (A) require that each proposal submitted by a multi-
        institution collaboration for an award, including those under 
        subtitle G of this title, that exceeds $1,000,000, as 
        appropriate, specify how the applicants will support 
        substantive, meaningful, sustainable, and mutually beneficial 
        partnerships with one or more emerging research institutions;
            (B) require recipients funded under this subsection to 
        direct no less than 35 percent of the total award to one or 
        more emerging research institutions;
            (C) require recipients funded under this subsection to 
        report on the partnership activities as part of the annual 
        reporting requirements of the Foundation; and
            (D) solicit feedback on the partnership directly from 
        partner emerging research institutions, in such form as the 
        Director deems appropriate.
        (3) Capacity building.--Funds awarded to emerging research 
    institutions under this subsection may be used to build research 
    capacity, including through support for faculty salaries and 
    training, field and laboratory research experiences for 
    undergraduate and graduate students, and maintenance and repair of 
    research equipment and instrumentation.
        (4) Report.--The Director shall submit a report to Congress 
    after the third year of the pilot program that includes--
            (A) an assessment, drawing on feedback from the research 
        community and other sources of information, of the 
        effectiveness of the pilot program for improving the quality of 
        partnerships with emerging research institutions; and
            (B) if deemed effective, a plan for permanent 
        implementation of the pilot program.
SEC. 10326. DIVERSITY IN TECH RESEARCH.
    The Director shall make awards, on a competitive basis, to 
institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support basic, 
applied, and use-inspired research that yields a scientific evidence 
base for improving the design and emergence, development and 
deployment, and management and ultimate effectiveness of entities 
involved in technology research, including research related to 
diversity and inclusion in the technology sector.
SEC. 10327. CHIEF DIVERSITY OFFICER OF THE NSF.
    (a) Chief Diversity Officer.--
        (1) Appointment.--The Director shall appoint a senior agency 
    official within the Office of the Director as a Chief Diversity 
    Officer.
        (2) Qualifications.--The Chief Diversity Officer shall have 
    significant experience, within the Federal Government and the 
    science community, with diversity- and inclusion-related matters, 
    including--
            (A) civil rights compliance;
            (B) harassment policy, reviews, and investigations;
            (C) equal employment opportunity; and
            (D) disability policy.
    (b) Duties.--The Chief Diversity Officer is responsible for 
providing advice on policy, oversight, guidance, and coordination with 
respect to matters of the Foundation related to diversity and 
inclusion, including ensuring the geographic diversity of the 
Foundation programs. Other duties may include--
        (1) establishing and maintaining a strategic plan that publicly 
    states a diversity definition, vision, and goals for the 
    Foundation;
        (2) defining a set of strategic metrics that are--
            (A) directly linked to key organizational priorities and 
        goals;
            (B) actionable; and
            (C) actively used to implement the strategic plan under 
        paragraph (1);
        (3) advising in the establishment of a strategic plan for 
    diverse participation by individuals and institutions of higher 
    education, including community colleges, historically Black 
    colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, 
    minority serving institutions, institutions of higher education 
    with an established STEM capacity building program focused on 
    Native Hawaiians or Alaska Natives, and EPSCoR institutions);
        (4) advising in the establishment of a strategic plan for 
    outreach to, and recruiting from, untapped locations and 
    underrepresented populations;
        (5) advising on a diversity and inclusion strategy for the 
    Foundation's portfolio of PreK-12 STEM education focused programs 
    and activities, including goals for addressing barriers to 
    participation;
        (6) advising on the application of the Foundation's broader 
    impacts review criterion; and
        (7) performing such additional duties and exercise such powers 
    as the Director may prescribe.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10328. RESEARCH AND DISSEMINATION TO INCREASE THE PARTICIPATION OF 
WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES IN STEM FIELDS.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make awards on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit 
organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations), to 
enable such entities to increase the participation of women and 
underrepresented minorities in STEM studies and careers.
    (b) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives an award under 
this subsection shall use such award funds to carry out one or more of 
the following activities designed to increase the participation of 
women or minorities historically underrepresented in STEM, or both:
        (1) Research to analyze the record-level data collected under 
    sections 10502 and 10504, consistent with policies to ensure the 
    privacy of individuals identifiable by such data.
        (2) Research to study best practices for work-life 
    accommodation.
        (3) Research to study the impact of policies and practices that 
    are implemented or are otherwise consistent with the purposes of 
    this section.
        (4) Mentoring programs that facilitate engagement of STEM 
    professionals with students.
        (5) Research experiences for undergraduate and graduate 
    students in STEM fields.
        (6) Outreach to elementary school and secondary school students 
    to provide opportunities to increase their exposure to STEM fields.
    (c) Dissemination Activities.--The Director shall carry out 
dissemination activities consistent with the purposes of this section, 
including--
        (1) collaboration with other Federal research agencies and 
    professional associations to exchange best practices, harmonize 
    work-life accommodation policies and practices, and overcoming 
    common barriers to work-life accommodation; and
        (2) collaboration with institutions of higher education in 
    order to clarify and catalyze the adoption of a coherent and 
    consistent set of work-life accommodation policies and practices.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027.
SEC. 10329. ACTIVITIES TO EXPAND STEM OPPORTUNITIES.
    (a) National Science Foundation Support for Increasing Diversity 
Among Stem Faculty at Institutions of Higher Education.--Section 305 of 
the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 1862s-5) is 
amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections (g) 
    and (h), respectively; and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Support for Increasing Diversity Among Stem Faculty at 
Institutions of Higher Education.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Foundation shall make 
    awards to institutions of higher education (or consortia thereof) 
    for the development and assessment of innovative reform efforts 
    designed to increase the recruitment, retention, and advancement of 
    individuals from underrepresented minority groups in academic STEM 
    careers, which may include implementing or expanding successful 
    evidence-based practices.
        ``(2) Merit review; competition.--Awards shall be made under 
    this subsection on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis.
        ``(3) Use of funds.--Activities supported by awards under this 
    subsection may include--
            ``(A) institutional assessment activities, such as data 
        analyses and policy review, in order to identify and address 
        specific issues in the recruitment, retention, and advancement 
        of faculty members from underrepresented minority groups;
            ``(B) assessments of distribution of mentoring and advising 
        responsibilities among faculty, particularly for faculty from 
        underrepresented minority groups, that may detract from time 
        spent on research, publishing papers, and other activities 
        required to achieve tenure status or promotion (or equivalents 
        for non-tenure track faculty) and run a productive research 
        program;
            ``(C) development and assessment of training courses for 
        administrators and search committee members designed to ensure 
        unbiased evaluation of candidates from underrepresented 
        minority groups;
            ``(D) development and hosting of intra- or inter-
        institutional workshops to propagate best practices in 
        recruiting, retaining, and advancing faculty members from 
        underrepresented minority groups;
            ``(E) professional development opportunities for faculty 
        members from underrepresented minority groups;
            ``(F) activities aimed at making undergraduate STEM 
        students from underrepresented minority groups aware of 
        opportunities for academic careers in STEM fields; and
            ``(G) activities to identify and engage exceptional 
        graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from 
        underrepresented minority groups at various stages of their 
        studies and to encourage them to enter academic careers.
        ``(4) Selection process.--
            ``(A) Application.--An institution of higher education (or 
        a consortium of such institutions) seeking funding under this 
        subsection shall submit an application to the Director of the 
        Foundation at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
        information and assurances as such Director may require. The 
        application shall include, at a minimum, a description of--
                ``(i) the reform effort that is being proposed for 
            implementation by the institution of higher education;
                ``(ii) any available evidence of specific difficulties 
            in the recruitment, retention, and advancement of faculty 
            members from underrepresented minority groups in STEM 
            academic careers within the institution of higher education 
            submitting an application, and how the proposed reform 
            effort would address such issues;
                ``(iii) support for the proposed reform effort by 
            administrators of the institution, which may include 
            details on previous or ongoing reform efforts;
                ``(iv) how the proposed reform effort may contribute to 
            change in institutional culture and policy such that a 
            greater value is placed on the recruitment, retention, and 
            advancement of faculty members from underrepresented 
            minority groups;
                ``(v) how the institution of higher education 
            submitting an application plans to sustain the proposed 
            reform effort beyond the duration of the award, if the 
            effort proved successful; and
                ``(vi) how the success and effectiveness of the 
            proposed reform effort will be evaluated and assessed in 
            order to contribute to the national knowledge base about 
            models for catalyzing institutional change.
            ``(B) Award distribution.--The Director of the Foundation 
        shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that awards under this 
        section are made to a variety of types of institutions of 
        higher education.
        ``(5) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated to carry out this subsection $8,000,000 for each of 
    fiscal years 2023 through 2027.''.
    (b) National Science Foundation Support for Broadening 
Participation in Undergraduate Stem Education.--Section 305 of the 
American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 1862s-5), as 
amended by subsection (b), is further amended by inserting after 
subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Support for Broadening Participation in Undergraduate Stem 
Education.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Foundation shall make 
    awards to institutions of higher education (or a consortium of such 
    institutions) to implement or expand research-based reforms in 
    undergraduate STEM education for the purpose of recruiting and 
    retaining students from minority groups who are underrepresented in 
    STEM fields.
        ``(2) Merit review; competition.--Awards shall be made under 
    this subsection on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis.
        ``(3) Use of funds.--Activities supported by awards under this 
    subsection may include--
            ``(A) implementation or expansion of innovative, research-
        based approaches to broaden participation of underrepresented 
        minority groups in STEM fields;
            ``(B) implementation or expansion of successful, research-
        based bridge, cohort, tutoring, or mentoring programs, 
        including those involving community colleges and technical 
        schools, designed to enhance the recruitment and retention of 
        students from underrepresented minority groups in STEM fields;
            ``(C) implementation or expansion of outreach programs 
        linking institutions of higher education and PreK-12 school 
        systems in order to heighten awareness among precollege 
        students from underrepresented minority groups of opportunities 
        in college-level STEM fields and STEM careers;
            ``(D) implementation or expansion of faculty development 
        programs focused on improving retention of undergraduate STEM 
        students from underrepresented minority groups;
            ``(E) implementation or expansion of mechanisms designed to 
        recognize and reward faculty members who demonstrate a 
        commitment to increasing the participation of students from 
        underrepresented minority groups in STEM fields;
            ``(F) expansion of successful reforms aimed at increasing 
        the number of STEM students from underrepresented minority 
        groups beyond a single course or group of courses to achieve 
        reform within an entire academic unit, or expansion of 
        successful reform efforts beyond a single academic unit or 
        field to other STEM academic units or fields within an 
        institution of higher education;
            ``(G) expansion of opportunities for students from 
        underrepresented minority groups to conduct STEM research in 
        industry, at Federal labs, and at international research 
        institutions or research sites;
            ``(H) provision of stipends for students from 
        underrepresented minority groups participating in research;
            ``(I) development of research collaborations between 
        research-intensive universities and primarily undergraduate 
        historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges 
        or Universities, and minority serving institutions;
            ``(J) support for graduate students and postdoctoral 
        fellows from underrepresented minority groups to participate in 
        instructional or assessment activities at primarily 
        undergraduate institutions, including primarily undergraduate 
        historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges 
        or Universities, and minority serving institutions and 2-year 
        institutions of higher education; and
            ``(K) other activities consistent with paragraph (1), as 
        determined by the Director of the Foundation.
        ``(4) Selection process.--
            ``(A) Application.--An institution of higher education (or 
        a consortium thereof) seeking an award under this subsection 
        shall submit an application to the Director of the Foundation 
        at such time, in such manner, and containing such information 
        and assurances as such Director may require. The application 
        shall include, at a minimum--
                ``(i) a description of the proposed reform effort;
                ``(ii) a description of the research findings that will 
            serve as the basis for the proposed reform effort or, in 
            the case of applications that propose an expansion of a 
            previously implemented reform, a description of the 
            previously implemented reform effort, including data about 
            the recruitment, retention, and academic achievement of 
            students from underrepresented minority groups;
                ``(iii) evidence of an institutional commitment to, and 
            support for, the proposed reform effort, including a long-
            term commitment to implement successful strategies from the 
            current reform beyond the academic unit or units included 
            in the award proposal;
                ``(iv) a description of how the proposed reform effort 
            may contribute to, or in the case of applications that 
            propose an expansion of a previously implemented reforms 
            has contributed to, change in institutional culture and 
            policy such that a greater value is placed on the 
            recruitment, retention and academic achievement of students 
            from underrepresented minority groups;
                ``(v) a description of existing or planned 
            institutional policies and practices regarding faculty 
            hiring, promotion, tenure, and teaching assignment that 
            reward faculty contributions to improving the education of 
            students from underrepresented minority groups in STEM; and
                ``(vi) how the success and effectiveness of the 
            proposed reform effort will be evaluated and assessed in 
            order to contribute to the national knowledge base about 
            models for catalyzing institutional change,
            ``(B) Award distribution.--The Director of the Foundation 
        shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that awards under this 
        subsection are made to a variety of types of institutions of 
        higher education, including historically Black colleges and 
        universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority serving 
        institutions, and 2-year institutions of higher education.
        ``(5) Education research.--
            ``(A) In general.--All awards made under this subsection 
        shall include an education research component that will support 
        the design and implementation of a system for data collection 
        and evaluation of proposed reform efforts in order to build the 
        knowledge base on promising models for increasing recruitment 
        and retention of students from underrepresented minority groups 
        in STEM education at the undergraduate level across a diverse 
        set of institutions.
            ``(B) Dissemination.--The Director of the Foundation shall 
        coordinate with the Committee on STEM Education of the National 
        Science and Technology Council in disseminating the results of 
        the research under this paragraph to ensure that best practices 
        in broadening participation in STEM education at the 
        undergraduate level are made readily available to all 
        institutions of higher education, other Federal agencies that 
        support STEM programs, non-Federal funders of STEM education, 
        and the general public.
        ``(6) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated to carry out this subsection $15,000,000 for each 
    of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.''.
SEC. 10330. INTRAMURAL EMERGING RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS PILOT PROGRAM.
    (a) Establishment.--The Director may conduct multiple pilot 
programs, including through existing programs or other programs 
authorized in this division or division A, within the Foundation to 
expand the number of institutions of higher education (including such 
institutions that are community colleges), and other eligible entities 
that the Director determines appropriate, that are able to successfully 
compete for Foundation awards.
    (b) Components.--Pilot programs under this section may include--
        (1) a mentorship program;
        (2) award application writing technical assistance;
        (3) targeted outreach, including to a historically Black 
    college or university, a Tribal college or university, or a 
    minority-serving institution (including a Hispanic-serving 
    institution or an institution of higher education with an 
    established STEM capacity building program focused on Native 
    Hawaiians or Alaska Natives);
        (4) programmatic support or solutions for institutions or 
    entities that do not have an experienced award management office;
        (5) an increase in the number of award proposal reviewers from 
    institutions of higher education that have not traditionally 
    received funds from the Foundation; or
        (6) an increase of the term and funding, for a period of 3 
    years or less, as appropriate, for awards with a first-time 
    principal investigator, when paired with regular mentoring on the 
    administrative aspects of award management.
    (c) Limitation.--As appropriate, each pilot program under this 
section shall work to reduce administrative burdens for recipients and 
award personnel.
    (d) Agency-wide Programs.--Not later than 5 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall--
        (1) review the results of the pilot programs under this 
    section; and
        (2) develop agencywide best practices from the pilot programs 
    for implementation across the Foundation, in order to fulfill the 
    requirement under section 3(e) of the National Science Foundation 
    Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1862(e)).

                   Subtitle D--NSF Research Security

SEC. 10331. OFFICE OF RESEARCH SECURITY AND POLICY.
    The Director shall maintain a Research Security and Policy office 
within the Office of the Director with not fewer than four full-time 
equivalent positions, in addition to the Chief of Research Security 
established pursuant to section 10332. The functions of the Research 
Security and Policy office shall be to coordinate all research security 
policy issues across the Foundation, including by--
        (1) consulting and coordinating with the Foundation Office of 
    Inspector General, with other Federal research agencies, and 
    intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and the National Science 
    and Technology Council, as appropriate, in accordance with the 
    authority provided under section 1746 of the National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116-92; 42 
    U.S.C. 6601 note), to identify and address potential security risks 
    that threaten research integrity and other risks to the research 
    enterprise and to develop research security policy and best 
    practices, taking into account the policy guidelines to be issued 
    by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
    under section 10631 of this division;
        (2) serving as a resource at the Foundation for all issues 
    related to the security and integrity of the conduct of Foundation-
    supported research;
        (3) conducting outreach and education activities for recipients 
    on research policies and potential security risks and on policies 
    and activities to protect intellectual property and information 
    about critical technologies relevant to national security, 
    consistent with the controls relevant to the grant or award;
        (4) educating Foundation program managers and other directorate 
    staff on evaluating Foundation awards and recipients for potential 
    security risks;
        (5) communicating reporting and disclosure requirements to 
    recipients and applicants for funding;
        (6) performing risk assessments, in consultation, as 
    appropriate, with other Federal agencies, of Foundation proposals 
    and awards using analytical tools to assess nondisclosures of 
    required information;
        (7) establishing policies and procedures for identifying, 
    communicating, and addressing security risks that threaten the 
    integrity of Foundation-supported research and development, working 
    in consultation, as appropriate, with other Federal agencies, to 
    ensure compliance with National Security Presidential Memorandum-33 
    (relating to strengthening protections of United States Government-
    supported research and development against foreign government 
    interference and exploitation) or a successor policy document; and
        (8) in accordance with relevant policies of the agency, 
    conducting or facilitating due diligence with regard to 
    applications for research and development awards from the 
    Foundation prior to making such awards.
SEC. 10332. CHIEF OF RESEARCH SECURITY.
     The Director shall appoint a senior agency official within the 
Office of the Director as a Chief of Research Security, whose primary 
responsibility shall be to manage the office established under section 
10331.
SEC. 10333. REPORTING TO CONGRESS.
    (a) Report on Resource Needs.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide a report 
to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate on 
the resources and the number of full time employees needed to carry out 
the functions of the office established in section 10331.
    (b) Annual Report on Office Activities.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Director shall 
    submit to Congress a report on the activities carried out by the 
    Office of Research Security, detailing--
            (A) a description of the activities conducted by the 
        Office, including administrative actions taken;
            (B) such recommendations as the Director may have for 
        legislative or administrative action relating to improving 
        research security;
            (C) identification and discussion of the gaps in legal 
        authorities that need to be improved to enhance the security of 
        institutions of higher education performing research supported 
        by the Foundation; and
            (D) information on Foundation Inspector General cases, as 
        appropriate, relating to undue influence and security threats 
        to research and development activities funded by the 
        Foundation, including theft of property or intellectual 
        property relating to a project funded by the Foundation at an 
        institution of higher education.
        (2) Form.--The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be 
    submitted in both unclassified and classified formats, as 
    appropriate.
SEC. 10334. ONLINE RESOURCE.
    The Director shall develop an online resource hosted on the 
Foundation's website containing up-to-date information, tailored for 
institutions and individual researchers, including--
        (1) an explanation of Foundation research security policies;
        (2) unclassified guidance on potential security risks that 
    threaten research integrity and other risks to the research 
    enterprise;
        (3) examples of beneficial international collaborations and how 
    such collaborations differ from foreign government interference 
    efforts that threaten research integrity;
        (4) best practices for mitigating security risks that threaten 
    research integrity; and
        (5) additional reference materials, including tools that assist 
    organizations seeking Foundation funding and awardees in 
    information disclosure to the Foundation.
SEC. 10335. RESEARCH AWARDS.
     The Director shall continue to make awards, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support 
research on the conduct of research and the research environment, 
including research on research misconduct or breaches of research 
integrity and detrimental research practices.
SEC. 10336. AUTHORITIES.
    In addition to existing authorities for preventing waste, fraud, 
abuse, and mismanagement of Federal funds, the Director, acting through 
the Office of Research Security and Policy and in coordination with the 
Foundation's Office of Inspector General, shall have the authority to 
conduct risk assessments, including through the use of open-source 
analysis and analytical tools, of research and development award 
applications and disclosures to the Foundation.
SEC. 10337. RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT IN RESEARCH TRAINING.
     Section 7009 of the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully 
Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act (42 U.S.C. 
1862o-1) is amended by--
        (1) striking ``and postdoctoral researchers'' and inserting 
    ``postdoctoral researchers, faculty, and other senior personnel''; 
    and
        (2) by striking the period and inserting the following: ``, 
    including--
        ``(1) mentor training and mentorship;
        ``(2) training to raise awareness of potential research 
    security threats; and
        ``(3) Federal export control, disclosure, and reporting 
    requirements.''.
SEC. 10338. RESEARCH SECURITY AND INTEGRITY INFORMATION SHARING 
ANALYSIS ORGANIZATION.
    (a) Establishment.--The Director shall enter into an agreement with 
a qualified independent organization to establish a research security 
and integrity information sharing analysis organization (referred to in 
this section as the ``RSI-ISAO''), which shall include members 
described in subsection (d) and carry out the duties described in 
subsection (b).
    (b) Duties.--The RSI-ISAO shall--
        (1) serve as a clearinghouse for information to help enable the 
    members and other entities in the research community to understand 
    the context of their research and identify improper or illegal 
    efforts by foreign entities to obtain research results, know how, 
    materials, and intellectual property;
        (2) develop a set of standard risk assessment frameworks and 
    best practices, relevant to the research community, to assess 
    research security risks in different contexts;
        (3) share information concerning security threats and lessons 
    learned from protection and response efforts through forums and 
    other forms of communication;
        (4) provide timely reports on research security risks to 
    provide situational awareness tailored to the research and STEM 
    education community;
        (5) provide training and support, including through webinars, 
    for relevant faculty and staff employed by institutions of higher 
    education on topics relevant to research security risks and 
    response;
        (6) enable standardized information gathering and data 
    compilation, storage, and analysis for compiled incident reports;
        (7) support analysis of patterns of risk and identification of 
    bad actors and enhance the ability of members to prevent and 
    respond to research security risks; and
        (8) take other appropriate steps to enhance research security.
    (c) Funding.--The Foundation may provide initial funds toward the 
RSI-ISAO but shall seek to have the fees authorized in subsection 
(d)(2) cover the costs of operations at the earliest practicable time.
    (d) Membership.--
        (1) In general.--The RSI-ISAO shall serve and include members 
    representing institutions of higher education, nonprofit research 
    institutions, and small and medium-sized businesses.
        (2) Fees.--As soon as practicable, members of the RSI-ISAO 
    shall be charged an annual rate to enable the RSI-ISAO to cover its 
    costs. Rates shall be set on a sliding scale based on research and 
    development expenditures to ensure that membership is accessible to 
    a diverse community of stakeholders and ensure broad participation. 
    The RSI-ISAO shall develop a plan to sustain the RSI-ISAO without 
    Federal funding, as practicable.
    (e) Board of Directors.--The RSI-ISAO may establish a board of 
directors to provide guidance for policies, legal issues, and plans and 
strategies of the entity's operations. The board shall include a 
diverse group of stakeholders representing the research community, 
including academia, industry, and experienced research security 
administrators.
    (f) Stakeholder Engagement.--In establishing the RSI-ISAO under 
this section, the Director shall take necessary steps to ensure the 
services provided are aligned with the needs of the research community, 
including by--
        (1) convening a series of workshops or other multi-stakeholder 
    events; or
        (2) publishing a description of the services the RSI-ISAO 
    intends to provide and the requirements for membership in the 
    Federal Register and provide an opportunity for submission of 
    public comments for a period of not less than 60 days.
SEC. 10339. PLAN WITH RESPECT TO CONTROLLED INFORMATION AND BACKGROUND 
SCREENING.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of 
this Act, the Director, in consultation with the Director of National 
Intelligence and, as appropriate, other Federal agencies, shall develop 
a plan to--
        (1) identify research areas supported by the Foundation, 
    including in the key technology focus areas, that may involve 
    access to controlled unclassified or classified information, 
    including in the key technology focus areas; and
        (2) exercise due diligence in granting access, as appropriate, 
    to the CUI or classified information identified under paragraph (1) 
    to individuals working on such research who are employees of the 
    Foundation or covered individuals on research and development 
    awards funded by the Foundation.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Classified information.--The term ``classified 
    information'' means any information that has been determined 
    pursuant to Executive Order 13526, any predecessor or successor 
    order, or sections 1-274, 275-321, and 1001-3115 of the Atomic 
    Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011-2021, 2022-2286i, 2296a-2297h-
    13) to require protection against unauthorized disclosure and that 
    is so designated.
        (2) Controlled unclassified information.--The term ``controlled 
    unclassified information'' or ``CUI'' means information described 
    as ``Controlled Unclassified Information'' under Executive Order 
    13556 or any successor order, to require protection against 
    unauthorized disclosure and that is so designated.
SEC. 10339A. FOUNDATION FUNDING TO INSTITUTIONS HOSTING OR SUPPORTING 
CONFUCIUS INSTITUTES.
    (a) Confucius Institute Defined.--In this section the term 
``Confucius Institute'' means a cultural institute established as a 
partnership between a United States institution of higher education and 
a Chinese institution of higher education to promote and teach Chinese 
language and culture that is funded, directly or indirectly, by the 
Government of the People's Republic of China.
    (b) Restrictions of Confucius Institutes.--Except as provided in 
subsection (d), none of the funds made available to the Foundation 
under this division or division A, or an amendment made by this 
division or division A, may be obligated or expended to an institution 
of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between the 
institution and a Confucius Institute, unless the Director, after 
consultation with the National Academies, determines such a waiver is 
appropriate in accordance with subsection (c).
    (c) Waiver.--The Director, after consultation with the National 
Academies, may issue a waiver for an institution of higher education 
that maintains a contract or agreement between the institution and a 
Confucius Institute if such contract or agreement includes clear 
provisions that--
        (1) protect academic freedom at the institution;
        (2) prohibit the application of any foreign law on any campus 
    of the institution;
        (3) grant full managerial authority of the Confucius Institute 
    to the institution, including full control over what is being 
    taught, the activities carried out, the research awards that are 
    made, and who is employed at the Confucius Institute; and
        (4) prohibit co-location with the institution's Chinese 
    language, history, and cultural programs and require separate 
    promotional materials.
    (d) Special Rule.--
        (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
    section, this section shall not apply to an institution of higher 
    education if that institution has fulfilled the requirements for a 
    waiver from the Department of Defense as described under section 
    1062 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
    (Public Law 116-283).
        (2) Exception.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
    section, the prohibition under subsection (b) shall not apply to 
    amounts provided to students as educational assistance.
    (e) Effective Date.--The limitation under subsection (b) shall 
apply with respect to the first fiscal year that begins after the date 
that is two years after the date of the enactment of this Act and to 
any subsequent fiscal year subject to subsection (f).
    (f) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on the date 
that is five years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 10339B. FOREIGN FINANCIAL SUPPORT.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall request, on an annual basis, 
from a recipient institution of higher education a disclosure, in the 
form of a summary document, from the institution, a foundation of the 
institution, and related entities such as any educational, cultural, or 
language entity, of the current financial support, the value of which 
is $50,000 or more, including gifts and contracts, received directly or 
indirectly from a foreign source (as such term is defined in section 
117 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1011f(h)(2))) 
associated with a foreign country of concern.
    (b) Records.--Each disclosure to the Director under this section 
shall be made on the condition that the institution will maintain a 
true copy of the relevant records subject to the disclosure requirement 
until the latest of--
        (1) the date that is four years after the date of the 
    agreement;
        (2) the date on which the agreement terminates; or
        (3) the last day of any period that applicable State public 
    record law requires a true copy of such agreement to be maintained.
    (c) Documentation.--Upon review of the disclosures under this 
section, the Director may request that a recipient institution provide 
true copies of any contracts, agreements, or documentation of financial 
transactions associated with disclosures made under this section.
    (d) Office of the Inspector General.--The Director, acting through 
the Office of Research Security and Policy in coordination with the 
Foundation's Office of Inspector General and in consultation with the 
recipient institution, may reduce the award funding amount or suspend 
or terminate the award if the Director determines--
        (1) such institution fails to comply with the records retention 
    requirement in subsection (b) or fails to provide information 
    requested under this section; or
        (2) the Chief of Research Security determines the disclosures 
    under this section indicate a threat to research security.
SEC. 10339C. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    From any amounts appropriated for the Foundation for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027, the Director shall allocate $6,000,000 to 
carry out the activities under this subtitle.

                    Subtitle E--Fundamental Research

SEC. 10341. BROADER IMPACTS.
    (a) Assessment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an agreement with 
a qualified independent organization to assess how the Broader Impacts 
review criterion is applied across the Foundation and make 
recommendations for improving the effectiveness for meeting the goals 
established in section 526 of the America Creating Opportunities to 
Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science 
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14).
    (b) Activities.--The Director shall make awards on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support 
activities to increase the efficiency, effectiveness, and availability 
of resources for implementing the Broader Impacts review criterion, 
including--
        (1) training and workshops for program officers, merit review 
    panelists, award office administrators, faculty, and students to 
    improve understanding of the goals and the full range of potential 
    broader impacts available to researchers to satisfy this criterion;
        (2) repositories and clearinghouses for sharing best practices 
    and facilitating collaboration; and
        (3) tools for evaluating and documenting societal impacts of 
    research.
SEC. 10342. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
    It is the sense of Congress that the Director should continue to 
identify opportunities to reduce the administrative burden on 
researchers.
SEC. 10343. RESEARCH ETHICS.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) a number of emerging areas of research have potential 
    ethical, social, safety, and security implications that might be 
    apparent as early as the basic research stage;
        (2) the incorporation of ethical, social, safety, and security 
    considerations into the research design and review process for 
    Federal awards, may help mitigate potential harms before they 
    happen;
        (3) the Foundation's agreement with the National Academies to 
    conduct a study and make recommendations with respect to governance 
    of research in emerging technologies is a positive step toward 
    accomplishing this goal; and
        (4) the Foundation should continue to work with stakeholders to 
    promote best practices for governance of research in emerging 
    technologies at every stage of research.
    (b) Incorporation of Ethics Considerations.--Drawing on stakeholder 
input, not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Director shall revise proposal instructions to require that 
ethical and societal considerations are to be included as part of a 
proposal for funding prior to making the award, where such 
considerations are applicable. Such considerations shall be evaluated 
by the Director in the review of proposals, taking into account any 
relevant input from the peer-reviewers for the proposal, and shall 
factor into award decisions, as deemed necessary by the Director. When 
incorporating such considerations, proposers may include, as 
appropriate--
        (1)(A) any readily foreseeable or quantifiable risks to 
    society, including how the research could enable products, 
    technologies, or other outcomes that could intentionally or 
    unintentionally cause significant societal harm; or
        (B) an assertion that no readily foreseeable potential ethical, 
    social, safety, or security implications are apparent;
        (2) how technical or social solutions can mitigate such risks 
    and, as appropriate, a plan to implement such mitigation measures; 
    and
        (3) how partnerships and collaborations in the research can 
    help mitigate potential harm and amplify potential societal 
    benefits.
    (c) Guidance.--The Director shall solicit stakeholder input to 
develop clear guidance on what constitutes a readily foreseeable or 
quantifiable risk as described in subsection (b)(1), and to the extent 
practicable harmonize this policy with existing ethical policies or 
related requirements for human subjects.
    (d) Research.--The Director shall make awards, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support--
        (1) research to assess the potential ethical and societal 
    implications of Foundation- supported research and products or 
    technologies enabled by such research, including the benefits and 
    risks identified pursuant to subsection (b)(1); and
        (2) the development and verification of approaches to 
    proactively mitigate foreseeable risks to society, including the 
    technical and social solutions identified pursuant to subsection 
    (b)(1).
    (e) Annual Report.--The Director shall encourage recipients to 
update their consideration of potential risks and benefits as 
appropriate as part of the annual reports required by all awardees 
under the award terms and conditions.
SEC. 10344. RESEARCH REPRODUCIBILITY AND REPLICABILITY.
    (a) In General.--Consistent with existing Federal law for privacy, 
intellectual property, and security, the Director shall facilitate 
public access to research products, including data, software, and code, 
developed as part of Foundation-supported projects.
    (b) Data Management Plans.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall require that every proposal 
    for funding for research include a machine-readable data management 
    plan that includes a description of how the awardee will archive 
    and preserve public access to data, software, and code developed as 
    part of the proposed project.
        (2) Requirements.--In carrying out the requirement in paragraph 
    (1), the Director shall--
            (A) provide necessary resources, including trainings and 
        workshops, to educate researchers and students on how to 
        develop and review high quality data management plans;
            (B) ensure program officers and merit review panels are 
        equipped with the resources and training necessary to review 
        the quality of data management plans; and
            (C) ensure program officers and merit review panels treat 
        data management plans as essential elements of award proposals, 
        where appropriate.
    (c) Open Repositories.--The Director shall--
        (1) consult with the heads of other Federal research agencies, 
    as appropriate, and solicit input from the scientific community, to 
    develop and widely disseminate a set of criteria for trusted open 
    repositories to be used by Foundation-funded researchers, 
    accounting for discipline-specific needs and necessary protections 
    for sensitive information;
        (2) work with stakeholders to identify significant gaps in 
    available repositories meeting the criteria developed under 
    paragraph (1) and options for supporting the development of 
    additional or enhanced repositories;
        (3) make awards on a competitive basis to institutions of 
    higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such 
    institutions or organizations) for the development, upgrades, and 
    maintenance of open data repositories that meet the criteria 
    developed under paragraph (1);
        (4) work with stakeholders and build on existing models, where 
    appropriate, to establish a single, public, web-based point of 
    access to help users locate repositories storing data, software, 
    and code resulting from or used in Foundation-supported projects;
        (5) work with stakeholders to establish the necessary policies 
    and procedures and allocate the necessary resources to ensure, as 
    practicable, data underlying published findings resulting from 
    Foundation-supported projects are deposited in repositories meeting 
    the criteria developed under paragraph (1) at the time of 
    publication;
        (6) incentivize the deposition of data, software, and code into 
    repositories that meet the criteria developed under paragraph (1); 
    and
        (7) coordinate with the scientific publishing community and the 
    heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies to support 
    the development of voluntary consensus standards around data 
    archiving and sharing.
    (d) Research, Development, and Education.--The Director shall make 
awards, on a competitive basis to institutions of higher education or 
non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
organizations) to--
        (1) support research and development of open source, 
    sustainable, usable tools and infrastructure that support 
    reproducibility for a broad range of studies across different 
    disciplines;
        (2) support research on computational reproducibility, 
    including the limits of reproducibility and the consistency of 
    computational results in the development of new computation 
    hardware, tools, and methods; and
        (3) support the education and training of students, faculty, 
    and researchers on computational methods, tools, and techniques to 
    improve the quality and sharing of data, code, and supporting 
    metadata to produce reproducible research.
SEC. 10345. CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH.
    The Director shall make awards, on a competitive basis, to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support research to 
improve our understanding of the climate system and related human and 
environmental systems.
SEC. 10346. SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES.
    The Director shall--
        (1) actively communicate opportunities and solicit proposals 
    for social, behavioral, and economic science researchers to 
    participate in cross-cutting and interdisciplinary programs, 
    including the Convergence Accelerator and agency priority 
    activities, and the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure program; and
        (2) ensure social, behavioral, and economic science researchers 
    are represented on relevant merit review panels for such 
    activities.
SEC. 10347. MEASURING IMPACTS OF FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.
    The Director shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support 
research and development of data, models, indicators, and associated 
analytical tools to improve our understanding of the impacts of 
Federally funded research on society, the economy, and the workforce, 
including domestic job creation.
SEC. 10348. FOOD-ENERGY-WATER RESEARCH.
    The Director shall make awards on a competitive basis to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to--
        (1) support research to significantly advance our understanding 
    of the food-energy-water system through quantitative and 
    computational modeling, including support for relevant 
    cyberinfrastructure;
        (2) develop real-time, cyber-enabled interfaces that improve 
    understanding of the behavior of food-energy-water systems and 
    increase decision support capability;
        (3) support research that will lead to innovative solutions to 
    critical food-energy-water system problems; and
        (4) grow the scientific workforce capable of studying and 
    managing the food-energy-water system, through education and other 
    professional development.
SEC. 10349. BIOLOGICAL FIELD STATIONS AND MARINE LABORATORIES.
    The Director shall continue to support enhancing, repairing and 
maintaining research instrumentation, laboratories, telecommunications 
and housing at biological field stations and marine laboratories.
SEC. 10350. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.
    In accordance with section 263 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, the Director shall carry out 
activities in support of sustainable chemistry, including--
        (1) establishing a program to make awards, on a competitive 
    basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit 
    organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) 
    to support--
            (A) individual investigators and teams of investigators, 
        including to the extent practicable, early career investigators 
        for research and development;
            (B) collaborative research and development partnerships 
        among universities, industry, and non-profit organizations;
            (C) integrating sustainable chemistry principles into 
        elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate chemistry 
        and chemical engineering curriculum and research training, as 
        appropriate to that level of education and training; and
        (2) incorporating sustainable chemistry into existing 
    Foundation research and development programs.
SEC. 10351. RISK AND RESILIENCE RESEARCH.
    The Director shall make awards on a competitive basis to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to advance knowledge 
of risk assessment and predictability and to support the creation of 
tools and technologies, including advancing data analytics and 
utilization of artificial intelligence, for increased resilience 
through--
        (1) improvements in our ability to understand, model, and 
    predict extreme events and natural hazards;
        (2) the creation of novel engineered systems solutions for 
    resilient complex infrastructures, particularly those that address 
    critical interdependence among infrastructures and leverage the 
    growing infusion of cyber-physical-social components into the 
    infrastructures;
        (3) development of equipment and instrumentation for innovation 
    in resilient engineered infrastructures;
        (4) multidisciplinary research on the behaviors individuals and 
    communities engage in to detect, perceive, understand, predict, 
    assess, mitigate, and prevent risks and to improve and increase 
    resilience; and
        (5) advancements in multidisciplinary wildfire science, 
    including those related to air quality impacts, human behavior, and 
    early detection and warning.
SEC. 10352. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES.
    In coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration, the Director shall carry out a program of 
research and related activities related to unmanned aircraft system 
technologies, which may include a prize competition pursuant to section 
24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3719) and support for undergraduate and graduate curriculum 
development.
SEC. 10353. ACCELERATING UNMANNED MARITIME SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES.
    (a) In General.--In order to support advances in marine science, 
maritime domain awareness, and national security the Director, in 
consultation with the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and 
Atmosphere and the Commandant of the Coast Guard, shall issue awards, 
on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or 
nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
organizations) to support research that will accelerate innovation to 
advance unmanned maritime systems for the purpose of providing greater 
maritime domain awareness to the Nation.
    (b) Coordination.--In implementing this section, the Director shall 
coordinate with the Coast Guard, the Department of Defense, the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other Federal 
agencies, including those established under the Commercial Engagement 
Through Ocean Technology Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-394).
SEC. 10354. LEVERAGING INTERNATIONAL EXPERTISE IN RESEARCH.
    The Director shall explore and advance opportunities for leveraging 
international capabilities and resources that align with the Foundation 
and United States research community priorities and have the potential 
to benefit United States prosperity, security, health, and well-being, 
including through binational research and development organizations and 
foundations and by sending teams of Foundation scientific staff for 
site visits of scientific facilities and agencies in other countries. 
The Director shall establish and implement policies, including through 
any research security training requirements, to mitigate the potential 
risks of such interactions, including risks to the protection of 
intellectual property and the risk of undue foreign influence on 
research.
SEC. 10355. BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH COLLECTIONS.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall continue to support databases, 
tools, methods, and other activities that secure and improve existing 
physical and digital biological research collections, improve the 
accessibility of collections and collection-related data for research 
and educational purposes, develop capacity for curation and collection 
management, and to transfer ownership of collections that are 
significant to the biological research community, including to museums 
and universities.
    (b) Specimen Management Plan.--In consultation with other relevant 
Federal research agencies, and as the Director determines is 
appropriate, the Director shall require that proposals submitted to the 
Foundation for funding for research that involves collecting or 
generating specimens include, as part of the data management plan under 
section 10344, a description of how the specimens and associated data 
will be accessioned into and maintained in an established biological 
collection.
    (c) Action Center for Biological Collections.--In coordination with 
other relevant Federal research agencies, as appropriate, the Director 
shall make awards on a competitive basis to institutions of higher 
education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such 
institutions or organizations) to facilitate coordination and data 
sharing among communities of practice for research, education, 
workforce training, evaluation, and business model development, 
including by establishing an Action Center for Biological Collections.
SEC. 10356. CLEAN WATER RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ACCELERATION.
    The Director shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to--
        (1) support transdisciplinary research to significantly advance 
    our understanding of water availability, quality, and dynamics and 
    the impact of human activity and a changing climate on urban and 
    rural water and wastewater systems, including in low-income, 
    underserved, and disadvantaged communities;
        (2) develop, pilot, and deploy innovative technologies, 
    systems, and other approaches to identifying and addressing 
    challenges that affect water availability, quality, and security, 
    including through direct engagement with affected communities and 
    partnerships with the private sector, State, territorial, Tribal, 
    and local governments, non-profit organizations and water 
    management professionals; and
        (3) grow the scientific workforce capable of studying and 
    managing water and wastewater systems and of conducting wastewater 
    surveillance, through education, training, and other professional 
    development.
SEC. 10357. TECHNOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE RESEARCH.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make awards on a merit-
reviewed, competitive basis for research and development to--
        (1) increase understanding of social media and consumer 
    technology access and use patterns and related mental health, 
    behavioral, and substance use disorder issues, particularly for 
    children and adolescents; and
        (2) explore the role of social media and consumer technology in 
    rising rates of mental health and substance use disorder issues, 
    including within communities experiencing long-term economic 
    distress.
    (b) Coordination to Avoid Duplication.--In making awards under this 
subsection, the Director shall, for purposes of avoiding duplication of 
activities and research, consult, collaborate, and coordinate with the 
heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, including the 
Department of Health and Human Services.
SEC. 10358. MANUFACTURING RESEARCH AMENDMENT.
    Section 506(a) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 
(42 U.S.C. 1862p-1(a)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) in paragraph (6)--
            (A) by striking ``and'' before ``virtual manufacturing''; 
        and
            (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and 
        artificial intelligence and machine learning; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(7) additive manufacturing, including new material designs, 
    complex materials, rapid printing techniques, and real-time process 
    controls.''.
SEC. 10359. CRITICAL MINERALS MINING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    (a) Critical Minerals Mining Research and Development at the 
Foundation.--
        (1) In general.--In order to support supply chain resiliency, 
    the Director shall make awards, on a competitive basis, to 
    institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or 
    consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support basic 
    research that will accelerate innovation to advance critical 
    minerals mining strategies and technologies for the purpose of 
    making better use of domestic resources and eliminating national 
    reliance on minerals and mineral materials that are subject to 
    supply disruptions.
        (2) Use of funds.--Activities funded by an award under this 
    section may include--
            (A) advancing mining research and development activities to 
        develop new mapping and mining technologies and techniques, 
        including advanced critical mineral extraction and production, 
        separation, alloying, or processing techniques and technologies 
        that can decrease energy intensity to improve existing or to 
        develop new supply chains of critical minerals, and to yield 
        more efficient, economical, and environmentally benign mining 
        practices;
            (B) advancing critical mineral processing research 
        activities to improve separation, alloying, manufacturing, or 
        recycling techniques and technologies that can decrease the 
        energy intensity, waste, potential environmental impact, and 
        costs of those activities;
            (C) conducting long-term earth observation of reclaimed 
        mine sites, including the study of the evolution of microbial 
        diversity at such sites;
            (D) examining the application of artificial intelligence 
        for geological exploration of critical minerals, including what 
        size and diversity of data sets would be required;
            (E) examining the application of machine learning for 
        detection and sorting of critical minerals, including what size 
        and diversity of data sets would be required;
            (F) conducting detailed isotope studies of critical 
        minerals and the development of more refined geologic models;
            (G) improved understanding of the geological and 
        geochemical processes through which critical minerals form and 
        are concentrated into economically viable deposits; or
            (H) providing training and research opportunities to 
        undergraduate and graduate students to prepare the next 
        generation of mining engineers and researchers.
        (3) Existing programs.--The Director shall ensure awards made 
    under this subsection are complementary and not duplicative of 
    existing programs across the Foundation and Federal Government.
    (b) Critical Materials Interagency Subcommittee.--
        (1) In general.--The Critical Minerals Subcommittee of the 
    National Science and Technology Council (referred to in this 
    section as the ``Subcommittee''), shall coordinate Federal science 
    and technology efforts to ensure secure, reliable, and 
    environmentally sustainable supplies of critical materials to the 
    United States.
        (2) Purposes.--The purposes of the Subcommittee shall be--
            (A) to advise and assist the National Science and 
        Technology Council, including the Committee on Homeland and 
        National Security, on United States policies, procedures, and 
        plans as it relates to critical materials, including--
                (i) Federal research, development, and commercial 
            application efforts to minimize the environmental impacts 
            of methods for extractions, concentration, separation and 
            purification of conventional, secondary, and unconventional 
            sources of critical materials;
                (ii) efficient use, substitution, and reuse of critical 
            materials;
                (iii) the critical materials workforce of the United 
            States; and
                (iv) United States private industry investments in 
            innovation and technology transfer from federally funded 
            science and technology;
            (B) to identify emerging opportunities, stimulate 
        international cooperation, and foster the development of secure 
        and reliable supply chains of critical materials and establish 
        scenario modeling systems for supply problems of critical 
        materials and energy critical materials;
            (C) to ensure the transparency of information and data 
        related to critical materials; and
            (D) to provide recommendations on coordination and 
        collaboration among the research, development, and deployment 
        programs and activities of Federal agencies to promote a secure 
        and reliable supply of critical materials necessary to maintain 
        national security, economic well-being, public health, and 
        industrial production.
        (3) Responsibilities.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
    Subcommittee may, taking into account the findings and 
    recommendations of relevant advisory committees--
            (A) provide recommendations on how Federal agencies may 
        improve the topographic, geologic, and geophysical mapping of 
        the United States and improve the discoverability, 
        accessibility, and usability of the resulting and existing 
        data, to the extent permitted by law and subject to appropriate 
        limitation for purposes of privacy and security;
            (B) assess the progress towards developing critical 
        materials recycling and reprocessing technologies, and 
        technological alternatives to critical materials;
            (C) establish a mechanism for the coordination and 
        evaluation of Federal programs with critical material needs, 
        including Federal programs involving research and development, 
        in a manner that complements related efforts carried out by the 
        private sector and other domestic and international agencies 
        and organizations;
            (D) examine options for accessing and developing critical 
        materials through investment and trade with our allies and 
        partners and provide recommendations;
            (E) evaluate and provide recommendations to incentivize the 
        development and use of advances in science and technology in 
        the private industry;
            (F) assess the need for and make recommendations to address 
        the challenges the United States critical materials supply 
        chain workforce faces, including aging and retiring personnel 
        and faculty, and foreign competition for United States talent;
            (G) develop, and update as necessary, a strategic plan to 
        guide Federal programs and activities to enhance scientific and 
        technical capabilities across critical material supply chains, 
        including a roadmap that identifies key research and 
        development needs and coordinates on-going activities for 
        source diversification, more efficient use, recycling, and 
        substitution for critical materials; as well as cross-cutting 
        mining science, data science techniques, materials science, 
        manufacturing science and engineering, computational modeling, 
        and environmental health and safety research and development;
            (H) assess the need for, and make recommendations 
        concerning, the availability and adequacy of the supply of 
        technically trained personnel necessary for critical materials 
        research, development, extraction, and industrial production, 
        with a particular focus on the problem of attracting and 
        maintaining high-quality professionals for maintaining an 
        adequate supply of energy critical materials; and
            (I) report to the appropriate Congressional committees on 
        activities and findings under this section.
    (c) Definitions of Critical Mineral and Critical Mineral or 
Metal.--In this section, the terms ``critical mineral'' and ``critical 
mineral or metal'' include any host mineral of a critical mineral 
(within the meaning of those terms in section 7002 of title VII of 
division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 
116-260)).
SEC. 10360. STUDY OF AI RESEARCH CAPACITY.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall conduct a study or support the 
development of a study by a qualified independent organization as 
determined by the Director, on artificial intelligence research 
capacity at United States institutions of higher education.
    (b) Study Contents.--The Director shall ensure that, at a minimum, 
the study under subsection (a) addresses the following topics:
        (1) Which universities are putting out significant peer-
    reviewed artificial intelligence research, including based on 
    quantity and number of citations.
        (2) For each of the universities described in paragraph (1), 
    what specific factors enable their AI research, including computing 
    power, data set availability, specialized curriculum, faculty and 
    graduate students, sources of Federal and non-Federal research 
    funding, and industry and other partnerships.
        (3) Promising practices at universities described in paragraph 
    (1) for advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion in AI research 
    programs.
        (4) Geographic diversity across the country of universities 
    with the factors identified in paragraph (2).
        (5) How universities not included in paragraph (1) could 
    implement the factors in paragraph (2) to produce AI research, as 
    well as case studies that universities can look to as examples and 
    potential pilot programs that the Federal Government could develop 
    or support to help universities produce AI research.
    (c) Workshops.--The Director may support workshops to help inform 
the study required under this subsection.
    (d) Publication.--The Director shall ensure that the study carried 
out under this subsection is made publicly available not later than 12 
months after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (e) Avoid Duplication.--The Director shall ensure that the 
activities carried out under this section are not duplicative of 
activities supported by other parts of the Foundation or other relevant 
Federal agencies, including but not limited to the activities of the 
National AI Research Resource Task Force.
SEC. 10361. ADVANCING IOT FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE CAPABILITIES ACT.
    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Advancing IoT 
for Precision Agriculture Act of 2021''.
    (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to promote 
scientific research and development opportunities for connected 
technologies that advance precision agriculture capabilities.
    (c) Foundation Directive on Agricultural Sensor Research.--In 
making awards under the sensor systems and networked systems programs 
of the Foundation, the Director shall include in consideration of 
portfolio balance research and development on sensor connectivity in 
environments of intermittent connectivity and intermittent 
computation--
        (1) to improve the reliable use of advance sensing systems in 
    rural and agricultural areas; and
        (2) that considers--
            (A) direct gateway access for locally stored data;
            (B) attenuation of signal transmission;
            (C) loss of signal transmission; and
            (D) at-scale performance for wireless power.
    (d) Updating Considerations for Precision Agriculture Technology 
Within the NSF Advanced Technical Education Program.--Section 3 of the 
Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i), as 
amended by section 10312, is further amended--
        (1) in subsection (d)(2), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(G) applications that incorporate distance learning tools 
        and approaches.''; and
        (2) in subsection (e)(3)--
            (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(E) applications that incorporate distance learning tools 
        and approaches.''.
    (e) GAO Review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall provide--
        (1) a technology assessment of precision agriculture 
    technologies, such as the existing use of--
            (A) sensors, scanners, radio-frequency identification, and 
        related technologies that can monitor soil properties, 
        irrigation conditions, and plant physiology;
            (B) sensors, scanners, radio-frequency identification, and 
        related technologies that can monitor livestock activity and 
        health;
            (C) network connectivity and wireless communications that 
        can securely support digital agriculture technologies in rural 
        and remote areas;
            (D) aerial imagery generated by satellites or unmanned 
        aerial vehicles;
            (E) ground-based robotics;
            (F) control systems design and connectivity, such as smart 
        irrigation control systems;
            (G) Global Positioning System-based applications; and
            (H) data management software and advanced analytics that 
        can assist decision making and improve agricultural outcomes; 
        and
        (2) a review of Federal programs that provide support for 
    precision agriculture research, development, adoption, education, 
    or training, in existence on the date of enactment of this section.
SEC. 10362. ASTRONOMY AND SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS.
    The Director shall support research into and the design, 
development, and testing of mitigation measures to address the 
potential impact of satellite constellations on Foundation scientific 
programs by--
        (1) making awards on a competitive basis to support study of 
    the potential impacts of satellite constellations on ground-based 
    optical, infrared, and radio astronomy, including through existing 
    programs such Spectrum and Wireless Innovation enabled by Future 
    Technologies (SWIFT) and the Spectrum Innovation Initiative;
        (2) supporting research on potential satellite impacts and 
    benefits and mitigation strategies to be carried out at one or more 
    Foundation supported Federally Funded Research and Development 
    Centers or major multiuser research facilities as defined in 
    section 110(g) of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act 
    (42 U.S.C. 1862s-2(g)), as appropriate; and
        (3) supporting workshops related to the potential impact of 
    satellite constellations on scientific research and how those 
    constellations could be used to improve scientific research.
SEC. 10363. RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF INFLATION.
    (a) In General.--The Director may make awards, on a competitive 
merit-reviewed basis, to institutions of higher education or nonprofit 
organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to 
support research to improve our understanding of the impact of 
inflation.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Activities funded by an award under this section 
may include--
        (1) measuring the economic impact of inflation on the American 
    people, including an analysis of cost-of-living and wage impacts;
        (2) considering the impact of inflation on American 
    international competitiveness;
        (3) evaluating the impact of inflation on rural and underserved 
    communities throughout the country;
        (4) assessing the ways inflation could impact future American 
    generations; and
        (5) evaluating the impact of policymaking on inflation, 
    including the impact of further Government spending.
    (c) Coordination to Avoid Duplication.--In making awards under this 
section, the Director shall, for purposes of avoiding duplication of 
activities and research, consult, collaborate, and coordinate with the 
programs and policies of other relevant Federal agencies.
SEC. 10364. MICROGRAVITY UTILIZATION POLICY.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that space 
technology and the utilization of the microgravity environment for 
science, engineering, and technology development is critical to long-
term competitiveness with near-peer competitors, including China.
    (b) Policy.--To the extent appropriate during an award period, the 
Foundation shall facilitate access by recipients of Foundation awards 
to the microgravity environment, including in private sector platforms, 
for the development of science, engineering, and technology relevant to 
the award.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Director shall provide to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the Foundation's plan for facilitating awardee 
access to the microgravity environment.
SEC. 10365. RECOGNITION OF THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY.
    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
        (1) The Department of Defense began developing the Arecibo 
    Observatory located in Barrio Esperanza, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, 
    during the 1950s, and its characteristic instrument, a large radio 
    telescope of 305 meters in diameter was completed in 1963.
        (2) The facility was later owned by the National Science 
    Foundation, and supported by the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration and various university partners.
        (3) The Arecibo Observatory's 305-meter fixed spherical radio 
    telescope, was the world's largest single-dish radio telescope 
    until the Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope 
    located in Gizhou, China, began observing in 2016.
        (4) The 305-meter radio telescope made unparalleled 
    contributions to the fields of radio astronomy, planetary, and 
    atmospheric sciences, and played a role in inspiring thousands of 
    students in Puerto Rico, the Nation, and the world to pursue 
    careers in STEM fields through the Arecibo Observatory Education 
    and Public Outreach Programs.
        (5) The radio telescope significantly advanced the field of 
    radio astronomy, including the first indirect detection of 
    gravitational waves, the first detection of extrasolar planets, 
    innumerable contributions to the field of time domain astronomy and 
    the study of the interstellar medium, and played a key role in the 
    search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
        (6) The Arecibo Observatory had the best planetary radar system 
    in the world, used by the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration for near-Earth object detection and was an essential 
    part of the agency's planetary defense program.
        (7) The planetary radar at the Arecibo Observatory has 
    contributed fundamentally and significantly to the knowledge of the 
    solar system.
        (8) The Arecibo Observatory's Incoherent Scatter Radar and 
    supporting facilities have provided fundamental understanding of 
    the ionosphere and upper atmosphere, and the interface between the 
    atmosphere and space that protects the planet from solar wind, 
    meteors, and other potential threats.
        (9) December 1, 2021, marks the 1-year anniversary of the 
    uncontrolled collapse sustained by the radio telescope after a 
    series of cable failures in tower 4.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Congress--
        (1) acknowledges the loss of the Arecibo Observatory's radio 
    telescope due to its collapse and its implications for the loss of 
    a unique world-class multidisciplinary science facility which 
    conducted research in the areas of space and atmospheric sciences, 
    radar astronomy and planetary sciences, astronomy, and 
    astrophysics;
        (2) acknowledges that the uncontrolled collapse of the 305-
    meter radio telescope represents a loss of astronomical observation 
    capabilities, scientific research and development, planetary 
    defense capabilities, and applied science capabilities for the 
    United States;
        (3) recognizes the rich scientific, educational, and economic 
    benefits that the Arecibo Telescope has made to the people of 
    Puerto Rico, the Nation, and the world;
        (4) recognizes the work and contributions made by the thousands 
    of dedicated staff who have supported the Arecibo Observatory for 
    close to 6 decades;
        (5) commends the National Science Foundation for convening a 
    virtual workshop in June 2021, to explore ideas for future 
    scientific and educational activities at the Arecibo Observatory; 
    and
        (6) encourages the National Science Foundation, in consultation 
    with other Federal agencies, to explore opportunities for 
    strengthening and expanding the role of the Arecibo Observatory in 
    Puerto Rico through education, outreach, and diversity programs, 
    and future research capabilities and technology at the site.

                  Subtitle F--Research Infrastructure

SEC. 10371. FACILITY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall continue the Facility Operation 
Transition pilot program for a total of 5 years.
    (b) Cost Sharing.--The Facility Operation Transition program shall 
provide funding for 10 to 50 percent of the operations and maintenance 
costs for major research facilities that are within the first five 
years of operation, where the share is determined based on--
        (1) the operations and maintenance costs of the major research 
    facility; and
        (2) the capacity of the managing directorate or division to 
    absorb such costs.
    (c) Report.--After the fifth year of the pilot program, the 
Director shall transmit a report to Congress that includes--
        (1) an assessment, that includes feedback from the research 
    community, of the effectiveness of the pilot program for--
            (A) supporting research directorates and divisions in 
        balancing investments in research grants and funding for the 
        initial operation and maintenance of major facilities;
            (B) incentivizing the development of new world-class 
        facilities;
            (C) facilitating interagency and international 
        partnerships;
            (D) funding core elements of multi-disciplinary facilities; 
        and
            (E) supporting facility divestment costs; and
        (2) if deemed effective, a plan for permanent implementation of 
    the pilot program.
SEC. 10372. REVIEWS.
    The Director shall periodically carry out reviews within each of 
the directorates and divisions to assess the cost and benefits of 
extending the operations of research facilities that have exceeded 
their planned operational lifespan.
SEC. 10373. HELIUM CONSERVATION.
    (a) Major Research Instrumentation Support.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall support, through the Major 
    Research Instrumentation program, proposal requests that include 
    the purchase, installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment 
    and instrumentation to reduce consumption of helium.
        (2) Cost sharing.--The Director may waive the cost-sharing 
    requirement for helium conservation measures for non-Ph.D.-granting 
    institutions of higher education and Ph.D.-granting institutions of 
    higher education that are not ranked among the top 100 institutions 
    receiving Federal research and development funding, as documented 
    by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.
    (b) Annual Report.--No later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act and annually for the subsequent two years, the 
Director shall submit an annual report to Congress on the use of 
funding awarded by the Foundation for the purchase and conservation of 
helium. The report should include--
        (1) the volume and price of helium purchased;
        (2) changes in pricing and availability of helium; and
        (3) any supply disruptions impacting a substantial number of 
    institutions.
SEC. 10374. ADVANCED COMPUTING.
    (a) Computing Needs.--To gather information about the computational 
needs of Foundation-funded projects, the Director shall require award 
proposals submitted to the Foundation, as appropriate, to include 
estimates of computational resource needs for projects that require use 
of advanced computing. The Director shall encourage and provide access 
to tools that facilitate the inclusion of these measures, including 
those identified in the 2016 National Academies report entitled 
``Future Directions for NSF Advanced Computing Infrastructure to 
Support U.S. Science and Engineering in 2017-2020''.
    (b) Reports.--The Director shall document and publish every two 
years a summary of the amount and types of advanced computing 
capabilities that are needed to fully meet the Foundation's project 
needs as identified under subsection (a).
    (c) Roadmap.--To set priorities and guide strategic decisions 
regarding investments in advanced computing capabilities, the Director 
shall develop, publish, and regularly update a 5-year advanced 
computing roadmap that--
        (1) describes the advanced computing resources and capabilities 
    that would fully meet anticipated project needs, including through 
    investments in the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure program and 
    the Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction account;
        (2) draws on community input, information contained in research 
    proposals, allocation requests, insights from Foundation-funded 
    cyber-infrastructure operators, and Foundation-wide information 
    gathering regarding community needs;
        (3) considers computational needs of planned major facilities;
        (4) reflects anticipated technology trends;
        (5) informs users and potential partners about future 
    facilities and services;
        (6) addresses the needs of groups historically underrepresented 
    in STEM and geographic regions with low availability and high 
    demand for advanced computing resources;
        (7) considers how Foundation-supported advanced computing 
    capabilities can be leveraged for activities through the 
    Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships; and
        (8) provides an update to Congress about the level of funding 
    necessary to fully meet computational resource needs for the 
    research community.
    (d) Securing American Research From Cyber Theft.--
        (1) Networking and information technology research and 
    development update.--Section 101(a)(1) of the High-Performance 
    Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is amended--
            (A) by moving the margins of subparagraph (D) and each of 
        subparagraphs (J) through (O) two ems to the left;
            (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (J) through (O) as 
        subparagraphs (K) through (P), respectively; and
            (C) by inserting after subparagraph (I) the following:
            ``(J) provide for improving the security, reliability, and 
        resiliency of computing and networking systems used by 
        institutions of higher education and other nonprofit research 
        institutions for the processing, storage and transmission of 
        sensitive federally funded research and associated data;''.
        (2) Computing enclave pilot program.--
            (A) In general.--The Director, in consultation with the 
        Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
        and the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other relevant 
        Federal departments and agencies, shall establish a pilot 
        program to make awards to ensure the security of federally 
        supported research data and to assist regional institutions of 
        higher education and their researchers in compliance with 
        regulations regarding the safeguarding of sensitive information 
        and other relevant regulations and Federal guidelines.
            (B) Structure.--In carrying out the pilot program 
        established pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Director shall 
        select, for the development, installation, maintenance, or 
        sustainment of secure computing enclaves, three institutions of 
        higher education that have an established graduate student 
        program and a demonstrated history of working with secure 
        information, consistent with appropriate security protocols.
            (C) Regionalization.--
                (i) In general.--In selecting universities pursuant to 
            subparagraph (B), the Director shall give preference to 
            institutions of higher education with the capability of 
            serving other regional universities.
                (ii) Geographic dispersal.--The enclaves should be 
            geographically dispersed to better meet the needs of 
            regional interests.
            (D) Program elements.--The Director shall work with 
        institutions of higher education selected pursuant to 
        subparagraph (B) to--
                (i) develop an approved design blueprint for compliance 
            with Federal data protection protocols;
                (ii) develop a comprehensive and confidential list, or 
            a bill of materials, of each binary component of the 
            software, firmware, or product that is required to deploy 
            additional secure computing enclaves;
                (iii) develop templates for all policies and procedures 
            required to operate the secure computing enclave in a 
            research setting;
                (iv) develop a system security plan template; and
                (v) develop a process for managing a plan of action and 
            milestones for the secure computing enclave.
            (E) Sustainability.--In reviewing applications for awards, 
        the Director shall review and consider plans and prospects of 
        the applicant institution of higher education to ensure long-
        term sustainability of the computing enclave, beyond the 
        availability of Federal funds.
            (F) Duration.--Subject to other availability of 
        appropriations, the pilot program established pursuant to 
        subparagraph (A) shall operate for not less than 3 years.
            (G) Report.--
                (i) In general.--The Director shall report to Congress 
            not later than 6 months after the completion of the pilot 
            program under subparagraph (A).
                (ii) Contents.--The report required under clause (i) 
            shall include--

                    (I) an assessment of the pilot program under 
                subparagraph (A), including an assessment of the 
                security benefits provided by such secure computing 
                enclaves;
                    (II) recommendations related to the value of 
                expanding the network of secure computing enclaves; and
                    (III) recommendations on the efficacy of the use of 
                secure computing enclaves by other Federal agencies in 
                a broader effort to expand security of Federal 
                research.

            (H) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director, $38,000,000 for fiscal 
        years 2023 through 2025, to carry out the activities outlined 
        in this paragraph.
SEC. 10375. NATIONAL SECURE DATA SERVICE.
    (a) In General.--The Director, in consultation with the Director of 
the Office of Management and Budget and the interagency committee 
established under section 5103 of the National Artificial Intelligence 
Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9415), shall establish a 
demonstration project to develop, refine, and test models to inform the 
full implementation of the Commission on Evidence-Based Policymaking 
recommendation for a governmentwide data linkage and access 
infrastructure for statistical activities conducted for statistical 
purposes, as defined in chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code.
    (b) Establishment.--Not later than one year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a National Secure 
Data Service demonstration project. The National Secure Data Service 
demonstration project shall be--
        (1) aligned with the principles, best practices, and priority 
    actions recommended by the Advisory Committee on Data for Evidence 
    Building, to the extent feasible; and
        (2) operated directly by or via a contract that is managed by 
    the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.
    (c) Data.--In carrying out this section, the Director shall engage 
with Federal and State agencies to collect, acquire, analyze, report, 
and disseminate statistical data in the United States and other nations 
to support governmentwide evidence-building activities consistent with 
the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018.
    (d) Voluntary Participation.--Participation in the National Secure 
Data Service demonstration project by Federal and State agencies shall 
be voluntary.
    (e) Privacy and Confidentiality Protections.--If the Director 
issues a management contract under subsection (b), the recipient shall 
be designated as an ``agent'' under subchapter III of chapter 35 of 
title 44, United States Code, with all requirements and obligations for 
protecting confidential information delineated in the Confidential 
Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2018 and the 
Privacy Act of 1974.
    (f) Technology and Privacy Standards.--In carrying out this 
subsection, the Director shall--
        (1) consider application and use only of systems and 
    technologies that incorporate protection measures to reasonably 
    ensure confidential data and statistical products are protected in 
    accordance with obligations under subchapter III of chapter 35 of 
    title 44, United States Code, including systems and technologies 
    that ensure--
            (A) raw data and other sensitive inputs are not accessible 
        to recipients of statistical outputs from the National Secure 
        Data Service demonstration project;
            (B) no individual entity's data or information is revealed 
        by the National Secure Data Service demonstration project 
        platform to any other party in an identifiable form;
            (C) no information about the data assets used in the 
        National Secure Data Service demonstration project is revealed 
        to any other party, except as incorporated into the final 
        statistical output;
            (D) the National Secure Data Service demonstration project 
        permits only authorized analysts to perform statistical queries 
        necessary to answer approved project questions, and prohibits 
        any other queries; and
            (E) the National Secure Data Service demonstration project 
        conducts privacy risk assessments to minimize the privacy risks 
        to individual entities whose data has been made available by a 
        reporting entity, including those privacy risks that could 
        result from data breaches of any system operated by the 
        reporting entity, as well as for determining approved project 
        questions under subparagraph (D) to minimize the privacy risks 
        to individuals affected by uses of the statistical output; and
        (2) the National Secure Data Service demonstration project 
    shall implement reasonable measures commensurate with the risks to 
    individuals' privacy to achieve the outcomes under subparagraphs 
    (A) through (E) of paragraph (1), which may include the appropriate 
    application of privacy-enhancing technologies and appropriate 
    measures to minimize or prevent reidentification risks consistent 
    with any applicable guidance or regulations issued under subchapter 
    III of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code.
    (g) Transparency.--The National Secure Data Service established 
under subsection (b) shall maintain a public website with up-to-date 
information on supported projects.
    (h) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the National Secure Data Service demonstration project 
established under subsection (b) shall submit a report to Congress that 
includes--
        (1) a description of policies for protecting data, consistent 
    with applicable Federal law;
        (2) a comprehensive description of all completed or active data 
    linkage activities and projects;
        (3) an assessment of the effectiveness of the demonstration 
    project for mitigating risks and removing barriers to a sustained 
    implementation of the National Secure Data Service as recommended 
    by the Commission on Evidence-Based Policymaking; and
        (4) if deemed effective by the Director, a plan for scaling up 
    the demonstration project to facilitate data access for evidence 
    building while ensuring transparency and privacy.
    (i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director to carry out this subsection $9,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.

  Subtitle G--Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships

SEC. 10381. ESTABLISHMENT.
    There is established within the Foundation the Directorate for 
Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships to advance research and 
development, technology development, and related solutions to address 
United States societal, national, and geostrategic challenges, for the 
benefit of all Americans.
SEC. 10382. PURPOSES.
    The purposes of the Directorate established under section 10381 are 
to--
        (1) support use-inspired and translational research and 
    accelerate the development and use of federally funded research;
        (2) strengthen United States competitiveness by accelerating 
    the development of key technologies; and
        (3) grow the domestic workforce in key technology focus areas, 
    and expand the participation of United States students and 
    researchers in areas of societal, national, and geostrategic 
    importance, at all levels of education.
SEC. 10383. ACTIVITIES.
    Subject to the availability of appropriated funds, the Director 
shall achieve the purposes described in section 10382 by making awards 
through the Directorate that--
        (1) support transformational advances in use-inspired and 
    translational research and technology development, including 
    through diverse funding mechanisms and models at different scales, 
    to include convergence accelerators and projects designed to 
    achieve specific technology metrics or objectives;
        (2) encourage the translation of research into innovations, 
    processes, and products, including by--
            (A) engaging researchers on topics relevant to United 
        States societal, national, and geostrategic challenges, 
        including by educating researchers on engaging with end users 
        and the public;
            (B) advancing novel approaches and reducing barriers to 
        technology transfer, including through intellectual property 
        frameworks between academia and industry, nonprofit entities, 
        venture capital communities, and approaches to technology 
        transfer for applications with public benefit that may not rely 
        on traditional commercialization tools; and
            (C) establishing partnerships that connect researchers and 
        research products to businesses, accelerators, and incubators 
        that enable research uptake, prototype development and scaling, 
        entrepreneurial education, and the formation and growth of new 
        companies;
        (3) develop mutually-beneficial research and technology 
    development partnerships and collaborations among institutions of 
    higher education, including historically Black colleges and 
    universities, Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-serving 
    institutions, emerging research institutions, EPSCoR institutions, 
    and nonprofit organizations, labor organizations, businesses and 
    other for-profit entities, Federal or State agencies, local or 
    Tribal governments, civil society organizations, other Foundation 
    directorates, national labs, field stations and marine 
    laboratories, and, as appropriate, international entities and 
    binational research and development foundations and funds, 
    excluding foreign entities of concern;
        (4) partner with other directorates and offices of the 
    Foundation for specific projects or research areas including--
            (A) to pursue basic questions about natural, human, and 
        physical phenomena that could enable advances in the challenges 
        and key technology focus areas under section 10387;
            (B) to study questions that could affect the design 
        (including human interfaces), safety, security, operation, 
        deployment, or the social and ethical consequences of 
        technologies and innovations in the challenges and key 
        technology focus areas under section 10387, including the 
        development of technologies and innovations that complement or 
        enhance the abilities of workers and impact of specific 
        innovations on domestic jobs and equitable opportunity; and
            (C) to further the creation of a domestic workforce capable 
        of advancing, using, and adapting to the key technology focus 
        areas;
        (5) build capacity and infrastructure for use-inspired and 
    translational research at institutions of higher education across 
    the United States, including by making awards to support 
    administrative activities that advance development, operation, 
    integration, deployment, and sharing of innovation;
        (6) support the education, mentoring, and training of 
    undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral 
    researchers, to both advance use-inspired and translational 
    research and to address workforce challenges, through scholarships, 
    fellowships, and traineeships; and
        (7) identify social, behavioral, and economic drivers and 
    consequences of technological innovations that could enable 
    advances in the challenges and key technology focus areas under 
    section 10387.
SEC. 10384. REQUIREMENTS.
    In carrying out the activities under the Directorate, the Director 
shall ensure the programmatic work of the Directorate and Foundation--
        (1) utilizes the full potential of the United States workforce 
    by avoiding undue geographic concentration of research and 
    development and education funding across the United States, and 
    encourages broader participation in the key technology focus area 
    workforce by populations historically underrepresented in STEM; and
        (2) incorporates a worker perspective through participation by 
    labor organizations and workforce training organizations.
SEC. 10385. ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall appoint an Assistant Director 
responsible for the management of the Directorate established under 
this subtitle, in the same manner as other Assistant Directors of the 
Foundation are appointed.
    (b) Qualifications.--The Assistant Director shall be an individual, 
who by reason of professional background and experience, is specially 
qualified to--
        (1) advise the Director on all matters pertaining to use-
    inspired and translational research, development, and 
    commercialization at the Foundation, including partnership with the 
    private sector and other users of Foundation funded research; and
        (2) develop and implement the necessary policies and procedures 
    to promote a culture of use-inspired and translational research 
    within the Directorate and across the Foundation and carry out the 
    responsibilities under subsection (c).
    (c) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the Assistant 
Director shall include--
        (1) advising the Director on all matters pertaining to use-
    inspired and translational research and development activities at 
    the Foundation, including effective practices for convergence 
    research, and the potential impact of Foundation research on United 
    States societal, national and geostrategic challenges;
        (2) identifying opportunities for and facilitating coordination 
    and collaboration, where appropriate, on use-inspired and 
    translational research, development, adoption, and 
    commercialization--
            (A) among the offices, directorates, and divisions within 
        the Foundation; and
            (B) between the Foundation and stakeholders in academia, 
        the private sector, including non-profit entities, labor 
        organizations, Federal or State agencies, and international 
        entities, as appropriate;
        (3) ensuring that the activities carried out under this 
    subtitle do not substantially and unnecessarily duplicate 
    activities supported by other parts of the Foundation or other 
    relevant Federal agencies;
        (4) approving all new programs within the Directorate;
        (5) developing and testing diverse merit-review models and 
    mechanisms for selecting and providing awards for use-inspired and 
    translational research and development at different scales, from 
    individual investigator awards to large multi-institution 
    collaborations;
        (6) assessing the success of programs;
        (7) administering awards to achieve the purposes described in 
    section 10382; and
        (8) performing other such duties pertaining to the purposes in 
    section 10382 as are required by the Director.
    (d) Relationship to the Director.--The Assistant Director shall 
report to the Director.
    (e) Relationship to Other Programs.--No other directorate within 
the Foundation shall report to the Assistant Director.
SEC. 10386. ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
    (a) In General.--In accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee 
Act (5 U.S.C. App.) the Director shall establish an advisory committee 
to assess, and make recommendations regarding, the activities carried 
out under this subtitle.
    (b) Membership.--The advisory committee members shall--
        (1) be individuals with relevant experience or expertise, 
    including individuals from industry and national labs, educators, 
    academic subject matter experts, including individuals with 
    knowledge of key technology focus areas and their impact on United 
    States national security and geostrategic leadership, the technical 
    and social dimensions of science and technology, technology 
    transfer experts, labor organizations, representatives of civil 
    society, and other nongovernmental organizations; and
        (2) consist of at least 10 members broadly representative of 
    stakeholders, including no less than 3 members from the private 
    sector, none of whom shall be an employee of the Federal 
    Government, and no less than 1 member with significant expertise in 
    United States national security and economic competitiveness.
    (c) Responsibilities.--The Committee's responsibilities shall 
include--
        (1) reviewing and advising on activities carried out under this 
    subtitle;
        (2) proposing strategies for fulfilling the purposes in section 
    10382;
        (3) proposing potential areas of research, particularly as 
    relevant to United States societal, national, and geostrategic 
    challenges; and
        (4) other relevant issues as determined by the Director.
SEC. 10387. CHALLENGES AND FOCUS AREAS.
    (a) In General.--In consultation with the Assistant Director, the 
Board, and the interagency working group established under subtitle F 
of title VI, the Director shall identify, and annually review and 
update as appropriate, a list of--
        (1) not more than 5 United States societal, national, and 
    geostrategic challenges that may be addressed by technology to 
    guide activities under this subtitle; and
        (2) not more than 10 key technology focus areas to guide 
    activities under this subtitle.
    (b) Initial List of Societal, National, and Geostrategic 
Challenges.--The initial list of societal, national, and geostrategic 
challenges are the following:
        (1) United States national security.
        (2) United States manufacturing and industrial productivity.
        (3) United States workforce development and skills gaps.
        (4) Climate change and environmental sustainability.
        (5) Inequitable access to education, opportunity, or other 
    services.
    (c) Initial List of Key Technology Focus Areas.--The initial list 
of key technology focus areas are the following:
        (1) Artificial intelligence, machine learning, autonomy, and 
    related advances.
        (2) High performance computing, semiconductors, and advanced 
    computer hardware and software.
        (3) Quantum information science and technology.
        (4) Robotics, automation, and advanced manufacturing.
        (5) Natural and anthropogenic disaster prevention or 
    mitigation.
        (6) Advanced communications technology and immersive 
    technology.
        (7) Biotechnology, medical technology, genomics, and synthetic 
    biology.
        (8) Data storage, data management, distributed ledger 
    technologies, and cybersecurity, including biometrics.
        (9) Advanced energy and industrial efficiency technologies, 
    such as batteries and advanced nuclear technologies, including but 
    not limited to for the purposes of electric generation (consistent 
    with section 15 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 
    U.S.C. 1874).
        (10) Advanced materials science, including composites 2D 
    materials, other next-generation materials, and related 
    manufacturing technologies.
    (d) Relationship Between United States Societal, National, and 
Geostrategic Challenges and Key Technology Focus Areas.--
        (1) In updating the list under subsection (a)(1), the Director 
    shall evaluate national and global technology trends.
        (2) In updating the list under subsection (a)(2), the Director 
    shall consider the impact of the selected technologies on United 
    States societal, national, and geostrategic challenges.
        (3) The list under subsection (a)(2) may, but is not required 
    to, align directly with the list under subsection (a)(1).
        (4) Nothing under this section shall prevent the Director from 
    making limited investments in technologies or areas not identified 
    in subsection (a)(1) or subsection (a)(2).
    (e) Review and Updates.--The Director, in coordination with the 
interagency working group established under subtitle F of title VI and 
in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and the 
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall annually review 
and update as appropriate, the list of key technology focus areas for 
purposes of this division. As part of the annual review, the Director--
        (1) shall consider input from relevant industries and 
    stakeholders;
        (2) may consider the challenges and recommendations identified 
    in the reports required by sections 206 and 206B of the National 
    Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 
    1976, as added by section 10611 and 10613 of this division and in 
    other relevant reports, such as technology and global trend reports 
    from the defense and intelligence communities;
        (3) shall consider the potential impact of the key technology 
    focus areas on addressing societal, national, and geostrategic 
    challenges; and
        (4) subject to the limitation under subsection (a), may add or 
    delete key technology focus areas in light of shifting national 
    needs or competitive threats to the United States (including for 
    reasons of the United States or other countries having advanced or 
    fallen behind in a technological area).
    (f) Reporting.--At the conclusion of the annual review and update 
process required by subsection (e), the Director, in consultation with 
other Federal research agencies, as appropriate, shall deliver a report 
to Congress detailing--
        (1) the key technology focus areas and rationale for their 
    selection;
        (2) the societal, national, and geostrategic challenges and 
    rationale for their selection;
        (3) the role of the Foundation in advancing the key technology 
    focus areas;
        (4) the impact, including to the academic research community, 
    of any changes to the key technology focus areas; and
        (5) the activities and partnerships between the Directorate and 
    the private sector.
    (g) Detailed Description.--The National Science Foundation shall, 
in coordination with the Office of Management and Budget, submit as 
part of their annual budget requests to Congress, a detailed 
description of the activities to be funded under this subtitle, 
including an explanation of how the requested funding is complementary 
and not redundant of programs, efforts, and infrastructure undertaken 
or supported by other relevant Federal agencies.
    (h) National Academies.--Not later than 5 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall contract with the National 
Academies to conduct a review of the key technology focus areas and the 
societal, national, and geostrategic challenges, including--
        (1) an assessment of their selection process;
        (2) an assessment of their relevance to the purposes of the 
    Directorate, including to solving challenges with social, economic, 
    health, scientific, and national security implications;
        (3) a review of whether Federal investment in the key 
    technology focus areas have resulted in new domestic manufacturing 
    capacity and job creation;
        (4) an assessment of any critical, new emerging areas;
        (5) an assessment of Federal investments in education and 
    workforce development to support the key technology focus areas; 
    and
        (6) an assessment of relative balance in leadership in 
    addressing the key technology focus areas between the United 
    States, allied and partner countries, and the People's Republic of 
    China.
SEC. 10388. REGIONAL INNOVATION ENGINES.
    (a) In General.--From amounts made available to the Directorate, 
the Director shall make awards to eligible entities for the planning, 
establishment, and support of Regional Innovation Engines.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Regional Innovation Engines shall 
be to--
        (1) advance multidisciplinary, collaborative, use-inspired and 
    translational research, technology development, in key technology 
    focus areas;
        (2) address regional, national, societal, or geostrategic 
    challenges;
        (3) leverage the expertise of multi-disciplinary and multi- 
    sector partners, including partners from private industry, 
    nonprofit organizations, and civil society organizations; and
        (4) support the development of scientific, innovation, 
    entrepreneurial, and STEM educational capacity within the region of 
    the Regional Innovation Engine to grow and sustain regional 
    innovation.
    (c) Uses of Funds.--Funds awarded under this section may be used by 
a Regional Innovation Engine to--
        (1) conduct use-inspired and translational research and 
    technology development to advance innovation in at least one of the 
    key technology focus areas and to help solve a compelling regional, 
    national, societal, or geostrategic challenge;
        (2) further the development, adoption, and commercialization of 
    innovations in key technology focus areas, including through 
    support for proof-of-concept development, and through partnership 
    with other Federal agencies and Federal laboratories, industry, 
    including startup companies, labor organizations, civil society 
    organizations, and State, territorial, local, and Tribal 
    governments;
        (3) develop and manage, or facilitate access to, test beds and 
    instrumentation, which may include fabrication facilities and 
    cyberinfrastructure, to advance the development, integration, and 
    demonstration of new, innovative technologies, including hardware 
    or software;
        (4) establish traineeship programs for graduate students who 
    pursue degrees and research related to the key technology focus 
    areas leading to a masters or doctorate degree by providing funding 
    and other assistance, and opportunities for research experiences in 
    government or industry related to the students' studies;
        (5) engage in outreach and engagement in the region to broaden 
    participation in the activities of the Regional Innovation Engine; 
    and
        (6) reimburse, in part or in whole, the cost of 
    instrumentation, technology transfer, and commercialization 
    activities, including patenting and licensing, and for operations 
    and staff, as the Director determines appropriate.
    (d) Selection Process.--In making awards under this subtitle, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the scientific and technical 
merit of the proposal, the extent to which the activities and locations 
proposed--
        (1) have the potential to create an innovation ecosystem, or 
    enhance existing ecosystems and contribute to job creation in a 
    region;
        (2) demonstrate a capacity to engage and partner with multiple 
    types of institutions of higher education, industry, labor, 
    nonprofit organizations, civil society organizations, other Federal 
    agencies, Federal laboratories, State, local, and Tribal 
    governments, and other appropriate organizations, including to 
    inform research directions and account for ethical, societal, 
    safety, and security implications relevant to the potential 
    applications of the research;
        (3) demonstrate a capacity to broaden participation of 
    populations historically underrepresented in STEM in the activities 
    of the Regional Innovation Engine; and
        (4) demonstrate a plan and capability to prevent the 
    inappropriate use or dissemination of the research and technology, 
    including research results, data, and intellectual property, as 
    appropriate and consistent with the requirements of the relevant 
    award.
    (e) Requirements.--
        (1) Eligibility.--For the purposes of this section, an 
    ``eligible entity'' means an institution of higher education, a 
    nonprofit organization, a private sector entity, or a consortium 
    thereof.
        (2) Partnerships.--To be eligible for an award under this 
    section an eligible entity--
            (A) shall include in its proposal partnership with 1 or 
        more institution that is--
                (i) a historically Black college or university;
                (ii) a Tribal College or University;
                (iii) a minority-serving institution;
                (iv) an EPSCoR institution;
                (v) an emerging research institution; or
                (vi) a community college;
            (B) may include partnership with 1 or more--
                (i) additional entities described in paragraph (2)(A);
                (ii) industry entities, including startups, small 
            businesses, and public-private partnerships;
                (iii) economic development organizations or venture 
            development organizations, as such terms are defined in 
            section 28(a) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
            Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 13701 et seq.), as added by section 
            10621 of this division;
                (iv) National Laboratories;
                (v) Federal laboratories, as defined in section 4 of 
            the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 
            U.S.C. 3703);
                (vi) Federal research facilities;
                (vii) labor organizations;
                (viii) entities described in paragraph (1) or (2) from 
            allied or partner countries;
                (ix) other entities to be vital to the success of the 
            program, as determined by the Director;
                (x) binational research and development foundations and 
            funds, excluding those affiliated with foreign entities of 
            concern, as defined in section 10612; and
                (xi) Engineer Research and Development Center 
            laboratories of the Army Corps of Engineers; and
            (C) shall include as part of its proposal a plan for--
                (i) establishing a sustained partnership that is 
            jointly developed and managed, draws from the capacities of 
            each institution, and is mutually beneficial; and
                (ii) documents governance and management plans, 
            financial contributions from non-Federal sources, and plans 
            for ownership and use of any intellectual property.
        (3) Promoting partnerships.--In making awards under this 
    section, the Director shall encourage applicants for a Regional 
    Innovation Engine that include multiple regional partners as 
    described in subsection (e)(2).
        (4) Geographic distribution.--In making awards under this 
    section, the Director shall take into consideration the extent to 
    which the proposals expand the geographic distribution of the 
    Regional Innovation Engines, including by giving special 
    consideration to rural-serving institutions of higher education.
        (5) Resource availability.--The Director shall ensure that any 
    eligible entity receiving an award under this section shall--
            (A) provide information on relevant currently existing 
        resources available to the proposing team from all internal and 
        external sources, including all partner organizations; and
            (B) include letters of collaboration from partner 
        organizations that include information on resource 
        contributions committed by such partners.
    (f) Collaboration With Regional Technology Hubs.--Each Regional 
Innovation Engine established under this section may collaborate and 
participate in, as appropriate, the activities of any regional 
technology hub designated under section 28 of the Stevenson-Wydler 
Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.), as added by 
section 10621.
    (g) Duration.--
        (1) Initial period.--An award under this section shall be for 
    an initial period of 5 years.
        (2) Renewal.--An established Regional Innovation Engine may 
    apply for, and the Director may award, extended funding for periods 
    of 5 years on a merit-reviewed basis.
    (h) Competitive, Merit-review.--In making awards under this 
section, the Director shall--
        (1) use a competitive, merit review process that includes peer 
    review by a diverse group of individuals with relevant expertise 
    from both the private and public sectors; and
        (2) ensure the focus areas of the Regional Innovation Engines 
    do not substantially and unnecessarily duplicate the efforts of any 
    other Regional Innovation Engine or any other similar effort at 
    another Federal agency.
    (i) Collaboration.--In making awards under this section, the 
Director may collaborate with Federal departments and agencies whose 
missions contribute to or are affected by the technology focus area of 
the institute.
SEC. 10389. TRANSLATION ACCELERATOR.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall establish Translation 
Accelerators to further the research, development, and 
commercialization of innovation in the key technology focus areas.
    (b) Partnerships.--
        (1) In general.--Each Translation Accelerator shall be 
    comprised of a partnership including 2 or more of the following 
    entities:
            (A) An institution of higher education.
            (B) A for-profit company.
            (C) A nonprofit organization.
            (D) A Federal agency.
            (E) Another entity, if that entity is determined by the 
        Director to be vital to the success of the program.
        (2) Institutional or organizational level.--The Director shall 
    work to ensure that such partnerships exist at the institutional or 
    organization level, rather than solely at the principal 
    investigator level.
        (3) Cost share.--Not less than 25 percent of the funding for an 
    institute shall be provided by non-Federal entities.
        (4) Number of centers and institutes established.--The Director 
    shall endeavor to establish a balance in the number of Regional 
    Innovation Engines and Translation Accelerators.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--From within funds authorized 
for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships, there 
are authorized to carry out the activities under this section and 
section 10388 $6,500,000,000 for fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10390. TEST BEDS.
    (a) Program Authorized.--
        (1) In general.--From amounts made available for the 
    Directorate, the Director, in coordination with the Director of the 
    National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Secretary of 
    Energy, and other Federal agencies, as determined appropriate by 
    the Director, shall establish a program in the Directorate to make 
    awards, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher 
    education, nonprofit organizations, or consortia thereof to 
    establish and operate test beds, which may include fabrication 
    facilities and cyberinfrastructure, to advance the development, 
    operation, integration, deployment, and, as appropriate, 
    demonstration of new, innovative critical technologies, which may 
    include hardware or software.
        (2) Coordination.--In establishing new test beds under this 
    section, the Director shall ensure coordination with other test 
    beds supported by the Foundation or other Federal agencies to avoid 
    duplication and maximize the use of Federal resources.
    (b) Proposals.--An applicant for an award under this section shall 
submit a proposal to the Director, at such time, in such manner, and 
containing such information as the Director may reasonably require. The 
proposal shall, at a minimum, describe--
        (1) the technology or technologies that will be the focus of 
    the test bed;
        (2) the goals of the work to be done at the test bed;
        (3) how the applicant will assemble a workforce with the skills 
    needed to operate the test bed;
        (4) how the applicant will ensure broad access to the test bed;
        (5) how the applicant will collaborate with firms in critical 
    technologies, including through coordinated research and 
    development and funding, to ensure that work in the test bed will 
    contribute to the commercial viability of any technologies and will 
    include collaboration from industry and labor organizations;
        (6) how the applicant will encourage the participation of 
    inventors and entrepreneurs and the development of new businesses;
        (7) how the applicant will increase participation by 
    populations that are underrepresented in STEM;
        (8) how the applicant will demonstrate that the commercial 
    viability of any new technologies will support the creation of 
    high-quality domestic jobs;
        (9) how the test bed will operate after Federal funding has 
    ended;
        (10) how the test bed will disseminate lessons and other 
    technical information to United States entities or allied or 
    partner country entities in the United States; and
        (11) how the applicant plans to take measures to prevent the 
    inappropriate use of research results, data, and intellectual 
    property, as applicable and consistent with the requirements of the 
    award.
    (c) Authorized Use of Funds.--A recipient of an award under this 
section may, consistent with the purposes of this section, use the 
award for the purchase of equipment and for the support of students, 
faculty and staff, and postdoctoral researchers.
    (d) Geographic Diversity.--In selecting award recipients under this 
section, the Director shall consider the extent to which proposals 
would expand the geographic diversity of test beds.
SEC. 10391. PLANNING AND CAPACITY BUILDING AWARDS.
    (a) In General.--Under the program established in section 508 of 
the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-2) 
and the activities authorized under this section, from amounts made 
available to the Directorate, the Director, in coordination with other 
Federal agencies as determined appropriate by the Director, shall make 
awards, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities to advance the 
development, adoption, and commercialization of technologies, 
consistent with the purposes of the Directorate under section 10382.
    (b) Eligible Entity.--To be eligible to receive an award under this 
section, an entity shall be--
        (1) an institution of higher education, which may be a 
    community college (or a consortium of such institutions);
        (2) a nonprofit organization that is either affiliated with an 
    institution of higher education or designed to support technology 
    development or entrepreneurship; or
        (3) a consortium that includes--
            (A) an entity described in paragraph (1) or (2) as the lead 
        award recipient; and
            (B) one or more additional individuals or entities, which 
        shall be--
                (i) an economic development organization or similar 
            entity that is focused primarily on improving science, 
            technology, innovation, or entrepreneurship;
                (ii) an industry organization or firm in a relevant 
            technology or innovation sector;
                (iii) an industry-experienced executive with 
            entrepreneurship experience that is focused primarily on 
            de-risking technologies from both a scientific and a 
            business perspective; or
                (iv) an individual or entity with industry and startup 
            expertise, including a mentor network, across relevant 
            technology or innovation sectors.
    (c) Use of Funds.--In addition to activities listed under section 
10383, an eligible entity receiving an award under this section may use 
funds to--
        (1) identify academic research with the potential for 
    technology transfer and commercialization, particularly as relevant 
    to the purposes of the Directorate under section 10382;
        (2) ensure the availability of staff, including technology 
    transfer professionals, entrepreneurs in residence, and other 
    mentors as required to accomplish the purpose of this section;
        (3) help offset the costs of patenting and licensing research 
    products, both domestically and internationally;
        (4) revise institution policies, including policies related to 
    intellectual property and faculty entrepreneurship, and taking 
    other necessary steps to implement relevant best practices for 
    academic technology transfer;
        (5) develop local, regional, and national partnerships among 
    institutions of higher education and between institutions of higher 
    education and private sector entities and other relevant 
    organizations, including investors, with the purpose of building 
    networks, expertise, and other capacity to identify promising 
    research that may have potential market value and enable 
    researchers to pursue further development and transfer of their 
    ideas into possible commercial or other use;
        (6) develop seminars, courses, and other educational 
    opportunities for students, post-doctoral researchers, faculty, and 
    other relevant staff at institutions of higher education to 
    increase awareness and understanding of entrepreneurship, 
    patenting, business planning, research security, and other areas 
    relevant to technology transfer, and connect students and 
    researchers to relevant resources, including mentors in the private 
    sector; and
        (7) create, support, or fund entities or competitions to allow 
    entrepreneurial students and faculty to illustrate the 
    commercialization potential of their ideas, including through 
    venture funds of institution of higher education.
    (d) Limitations on Funding.--
        (1) Awards made under this section shall be at least 3 years in 
    duration and shall not exceed $1,000,000 per fiscal year.
        (2) Awards made under this section shall not support the 
    development or operation of capital investment funds.
    (e) Application.--An eligible entity seeking funding under this 
section shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in 
such manner, and containing such information and assurances as such 
Director may require. The application shall include, at a minimum, a 
description of--
        (1) how the eligible entity submitting an application plans to 
    sustain the proposed activities beyond the duration of the award;
        (2) the steps the applicant will take to enable technology 
    transfer and adoption and why such steps are likely to be 
    effective;
        (3) how the applicant will encourage the training and 
    participation of students and potential entrepreneurs and the 
    transition of research results to practice, including the 
    development of new businesses;
        (4) as relevant, potential steps to drive economic growth in a 
    particular region, by collaborating with industry, venture capital 
    entities, non-profit organizations, and State and local governments 
    within that region; and
        (5) background information that the Director determines is 
    relevant to demonstrate the success of the innovation and 
    entrepreneurship support models proposed by the applicant to 
    commercialize technologies.
    (f) Collaborative Innovation Resource Center Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards under this 
    section to eligible entities to establish collaborative innovation 
    resource centers that promote regional technology transfer and 
    technology development activities available to more than one 
    institution of higher education and to other entities in a region.
        (2) Use of funds.--An eligible entity that receives an award 
    under this subsection shall use award funds to carry out one or 
    more of the following activities, to the benefit of the region in 
    which the center is located:
            (A) Providing start-ups and small business concerns (as 
        defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) 
        within the region with access to facilities, scientific 
        infrastructure, personnel, and other assets as required for 
        technology maturation.
            (B) Supporting entrepreneurial training for start-up and 
        small business personnel.
        (3) Providing engineering and entrepreneurial experiences and 
    hands-on training for students enrolled in participating 
    institutions of higher education.
    (g) Reporting on Commercialization Metrics.--The Director shall 
establish--
        (1) metrics related to commercialization for an award under 
    this section; and
        (2) a reporting schedule for recipients of such awards that 
    takes into account both short- and long-term goals of the programs 
    under this section.
    (h) Geographic Diversity.--The Director shall ensure regional and 
geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section.
    (i) Authorization of Appropriations.--From within funds authorized 
for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships, there 
are authorized to carry out the activities under this section 
$3,100,000,000 for fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10392. ENTREPRENEURIAL FELLOWSHIPS.
    (a) In General.--The Director, acting through the Directorate for 
Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships, shall award fellowships to 
scientists and engineers to help develop leaders capable of maturing 
promising ideas and technologies from lab to market or other use and 
forge connections between academic research and the government, 
industry, financial sectors, and other end users.
    (b) Application.--An applicant for a fellowship under this section 
shall submit to the Director an application at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. At 
a minimum, the Director shall require that applicants--
        (1) have completed a doctoral degree in a STEM field no more 
    than 5 years prior to the date of the application, or have 
    otherwise demonstrated significant postbaccalaureate scientific 
    research experience and are considered early career, according to 
    requirements established by the Director; and
        (2) have included in the application a proposal for how the 
    fellow will be embedded in a host institution's research 
    environment.
    (c) Outreach.--The Director shall conduct program outreach to 
recruit fellowship applicants--
        (1) from diverse research institutions;
        (2) from all regions of the country; and
        (3) from groups historically underrepresented in STEM fields.
    (d) Administration Agreements.--The Director may enter into an 
agreement with a qualified third-party entity to administer the 
fellowships, subject to the provisions of this section.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director a total of $125,000,000 for fiscal years 
2023 through 2027, to carry out the activities outlined in this 
section.
SEC. 10393. SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS.
    (a) In General.--The Director, acting through the Directorate, 
shall fund undergraduate scholarships (including at community 
colleges), graduate fellowships and traineeships, and postdoctoral 
awards in the key technology focus areas.
    (b) Implementation.--The Director may carry out subsection (a) by 
making awards--
        (1) directly to students; and
        (2) to institutions of higher education or consortia of 
    institutions of higher education, including those institutions or 
    consortia involved in operating Regional Innovation Engines 
    established under section 10388.
    (c) Broadening Participation.--In carrying out this section, the 
Director shall take steps to increase the participation of populations 
that are underrepresented in STEM, which may include--
        (1) establishing or augmenting programs targeted at populations 
    that are underrepresented in STEM;
        (2) supporting traineeships or other relevant programs at 
    historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges or 
    Universities, and minority-serving institutions;
        (3) enabling low-income populations to pursue associate, 
    undergraduate, or graduate level degrees in STEM;
        (4) addressing current and expected gaps in the availability or 
    skills of the STEM workforce, or addressing needs of the STEM 
    workforce, including by increasing educational capacity at 
    institutions and by prioritizing awards to United States citizens, 
    permanent residents, and individuals that will grow the domestic 
    workforce; and
        (5) addressing geographic diversity in the STEM workforce.
    (d) Encouraging Innovation.--In carrying out this section, the 
Director shall encourage innovation in graduate education, including 
through encouraging institutions of higher education to offer graduate 
students opportunities to gain experience in industry or Government as 
part of their graduate training, and through support for students in 
professional master's programs related to the key technology focus 
areas or to the societal, national, and geostrategic challenges.
    (e) Areas of Funding Support.--Subject to the availability of funds 
to carry out this section, the Director shall--
        (1) issue--
            (A) postdoctoral awards,
            (B) graduate fellowships and traineeships, inclusive of the 
        NSF Research Traineeships and fellowships awarded under the 
        Graduate Research Fellowship Program; and
            (C) scholarships, including undergraduate scholarships, 
        research experiences, and internships, including--
                (i) scholarships to attend community colleges; and
                (ii) research experiences and internships under 
            sections 513, 514, and 515 of the America COMPETES 
            Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-5; 1862p-6; 
            1862p-7);
        (2) ensure that not less than 10 percent of the funds made 
    available to carry out this section are used to support additional 
    awards that focus on community college training, education, and 
    teaching programs that increase the participation of populations 
    that are historically underrepresented in STEM, including technical 
    programs through programs such as the Advanced Technological 
    Education program; and
        (3) if funds remain after carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2) 
    make awards to institutions of higher education to enable the 
    institutions to fund the development and establishment of new or 
    specialized programs of study for graduate, undergraduate, or 
    technical college students and the evaluation of the effectiveness 
    of those programs of study.
    (f) Low-income Scholarship Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall award scholarships to low-
    income individuals to enable such individuals to pursue associate, 
    undergraduate, or graduate level degrees in STEM fields.
        (2) Eligibility.--
            (A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a scholarship 
        under this subsection, an individual--
                (i) must be a citizen of the United States, a national 
            of the United States (as defined in section 1101(a) of 
            title 8), an alien admitted as a refugee under section 1157 
            of title 8, or an alien lawfully admitted to the United 
            States for permanent residence;
                (ii) shall prepare and submit to the Director an 
            application at such time, in such manner, and containing 
            such information as the Director may require; and
                (iii) shall certify to the Director that the individual 
            intends to use amounts received under the scholarship to 
            enroll or continue enrollment at an institution of higher 
            education (as defined in section 1001(a) of title 20) in 
            order to pursue an associate, undergraduate, or graduate 
            level degree in STEM fields designated by the Director.
            (B) Ability.--Awards of scholarships under this subsection 
        shall be made by the Director solely on the basis of the 
        ability of the applicant, except that in any case in which 2 or 
        more applicants for scholarships are deemed by the Director to 
        be possessed of substantially equal ability, and there are not 
        sufficient scholarships available to award one to each of such 
        applicants, the available scholarship or scholarships shall be 
        awarded to the applicants in a manner that will tend to result 
        in a geographically wide distribution throughout the United 
        States recipients' places of permanent residence.
        (3) Scholarship amount and renewal.--Section 414(d) of the 
    American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998 (42 
    U.S.C. 1869c) is amended in paragraph (3) by--
            (A) striking ``, except that the Director shall not award a 
        scholarship in an amount exceeding $10,000 per year''; and
            (B) striking ``4 years'' and inserting ``5 years''.
        (4) Authorization.--Of amounts authorized for the Directorate 
    for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships, $100,000,000 shall be 
    authorized to carry out this subsection.
    (g) Existing Programs.--The Director may use or augment existing 
STEM education programs of the Foundation and leverage education or 
entrepreneurial partners to carry out this section.
SEC. 10394. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AWARDS.
    (a) In General.--From amounts made available for the Directorate, 
the Director shall make awards, on a competitive basis, for research 
and technology development within the key technology focus areas, 
including investments that advance solutions to the challenges under 
section 10387.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the awards under this section shall be 
to accelerate technological advances and technology adoption in the key 
technology focus areas.
    (c) Recipients.--Recipients of funds under this section may include 
institutions of higher education, research institutions, non-profit 
organizations, private sector entities, consortia, or other entities as 
defined by the Director.
    (d) Metrics.--The Director may set metrics, including goals and 
deadlines, for the development and demonstration of technology as 
determined in the terms of the award, and may use such metrics to 
determine whether an award recipient shall be eligible for continued or 
follow-on funding.
    (e) Short Term Technology Deployment.--The Director shall also make 
awards, including through the SBIR and STTR programs (as defined in 
section 9(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(e)), to expedite 
short-term technology deployment within a period of no longer than 24 
months.
    (f) Selection Criteria.--In selecting recipients for an award under 
this section, the Director shall consider, at a minimum--
        (1) the relevance of the project to the challenges and the key 
    technology focus areas under section 10387, and the potential of 
    the project to result in transformational advances for such 
    challenges and the key technology focus areas;
        (2) the current status of similar technology, the limits of 
    current practice, and the novelty and risks of the proposed 
    project;
        (3) the ethical, societal, safety, and security implications 
    relevant to the application of the technology;
        (4) the appropriateness of quantitative goals and metrics for 
    evaluating the project and a plan for evaluating those metrics; and
        (5) the path for developing and, as appropriate, 
    commercializing the technology into products and processes in the 
    United States.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--From within funds authorized 
for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships, there 
are authorized to carry out the activities under this section 
$1,000,000,000 for fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10395. SCALING INNOVATIONS IN PREK-12 STEM EDUCATION.
    (a) In General.--Taking into consideration the recommendations 
under section 10311(a)(4) of subtitle B, the Director shall make 
awards, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, to establish 
multidisciplinary Centers for Transformative Education Research and 
Translation (in this section referred to as ``Centers'') to support 
research and development on widespread and sustained implementation of 
STEM education innovations.
    (b) Eligibility.--The entity seeking an award for a Center under 
this section must be an institution of higher education, a nonprofit 
organization, or a consortium of such institutions or organizations, 
which may include a STEM ecosystem .
    (c) Application.--An eligible entity under subsection (b) seeking 
an award under this section shall submit an application to the Director 
at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
Director may require. The application shall include, at a minimum, a 
description of how the proposed Center will be used to--
        (1) establish partnerships among academic institutions, local 
    or State educational agencies, and other relevant stakeholders in 
    supporting programs and activities to facilitate the widespread and 
    sustained implementation of promising, evidence-based STEM 
    education practices, models, programs, curriculum, and 
    technologies;
        (2) support enhanced STEM education infrastructure, including 
    cyberlearning technologies, to facilitate the widespread adoption 
    of promising, evidence-based practices;
        (3) support research and development on scaling practices, 
    partnerships, and alternative models to current approaches, 
    including approaches sensitive to the unique combinations of 
    capabilities, resources, and needs of varying localities, 
    educators, and learners;
        (4) include a focus on the learning needs of under-resourced 
    schools and learners in low-resource or underachieving local 
    educational agencies in urban and rural communities and the 
    development of high-quality curriculum that engages these learners 
    in the knowledge and practices of STEM fields;
        (5) include a focus on the learning needs and unique challenges 
    facing students with disabilities;
        (6) support research, development, or education on one or more 
    of the key technology focus areas;
        (7) support research and development on scaling practices and 
    models to support and sustain highly-qualified STEM educators in 
    urban and rural communities; and
        (8) at the discretion of the Director, any other requirements 
    recommended in the study commissioned under section 10311(a) of 
    subtitle B.
    (d) Additional Considerations.--In making an award under this 
section, the Director may also consider the extent to which the 
proposed Center will--
        (1) leverage existing collaborations, tools, and strategies 
    supported by the Foundation, including NSF INCLUDES and the 
    Convergence Accelerators;
        (2) support research on and the development and scaling of 
    innovative approaches to distance learning and education for 
    various student populations;
        (3) support education innovations that leverage new 
    technologies or deepen understanding of the impact of technology on 
    educational systems; and
        (4) include a commitment from local or State education 
    administrators to making the proposed reforms and activities a 
    priority.
    (e) Partnership.--In carrying out the program under this section, 
the Director shall explore opportunities to partner with the Department 
of Education, including through jointly funding activities under this 
section.
    (f) Duration.--Each award made under this section shall be for a 
duration of no more than 5 years.
    (g) Annual Meeting.--The Director shall encourage and facilitate an 
annual meeting of the Centers, as appropriate, to foster collaboration 
among the Centers and to further disseminate the results of the 
Centers' supported activities.
    (h) Existing Programs.--The Director may use existing NSF programs 
to establish and execute this section.
    (i) Report.--Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Director shall submit to Congress and make widely 
available to the public a report that includes--
        (1) a description of the focus and proposed goals of each 
    Center;
        (2) an assessment, based on a common set of benchmarks and 
    tools, of the Centers' success in helping to promote scalable 
    solutions in PreK-12 STEM education; and
        (3) any recommendations for administrative and legislative 
    action that could optimize the effectiveness of the Centers 
    established under this section.
SEC. 10396. AUTHORITIES.
    In addition to existing authorities available to the Foundation, 
the Director may exercise the following authorities in carrying out the 
activities under this subtitle:
        (1) Awards.--In carrying out this subtitle, the Director may 
    provide awards in the form of grants, contracts, cooperative 
    agreements, cash prizes, and other transactions.
        (2) Program directors.--
            (A) Designation.--The Director may designate individuals to 
        serve as program directors for the programs established within 
        the Directorate pursuant to the responsibilities established 
        under subparagraph (B). The Director shall ensure that program 
        directors--
                (i) have expertise in one or more of the challenges and 
            key technology focus areas under section 10387; and
                (ii) come from a variety of backgrounds, including 
            industry, and from a variety of institutions of higher 
            education.
            (B) Responsibilities.--A program director of a program of 
        the Directorate, in consultation with the Assistant Director, 
        shall be responsible for--
                (i) establishing research and development goals for the 
            program, including through the convening of workshops, 
            conferring with a broad range of stakeholders and outside 
            experts, taking into account relevant expert reports, and 
            publicizing the goals of the program to the public and 
            private sectors;
                (ii) surveying a wide range of institutions of higher 
            education, nonprofit organizations, and private entities to 
            identify emerging trends in the challenges and key 
            technology focus areas under section 10387, and, as 
            appropriate, soliciting proposals from such entities to 
            conduct research in areas of particular promise that the 
            private sector is the not likely to undertake 
            independently.
                (iii) facilitating research collaborations in the 
            challenges and key technology focus areas under section 
            10387, including connecting academic researchers with 
            potential end-users of technology, including industry, 
            labor organizations, nonprofit organizations, civil society 
            organizations, and other relevant organizations;
                (iv) reviewing applications for projects submitted 
            under section 10394 according to the Merit Review Criteria 
            established by the Director for such projects and described 
            in the Foundation's Proposal and Award Policies and 
            Procedures Guide, and any such additional criteria as 
            determined by the Director; and
                (v) monitoring the progress of projects supported under 
            the program and taking into account input from relevant 
            experts and stakeholders, recommending program updates as 
            needed.
            (C) Selection criteria.--Program directors may use diverse 
        merit review models for selection of award recipients under 
        section 10394, including internal review and different models 
        that use peer review.
            (D) Terms.--Program directors of the Directorate may be 
        appointed by the Director for a limited term, renewable at the 
        discretion of the Director.
        (3) Experts in science and engineering.--
            (A) Program authorized.--The Foundation may carry out a 
        program of personnel management authority provided under 
        subparagraph (B) in order to facilitate recruitment of eminent 
        experts in science or engineering for research and development 
        projects and to enhance the administration and management of 
        the Foundation.
            (B) Personnel management authority.--Under the program 
        under subparagraph (A), the Foundation may--
                (i) without regard to any provision of title 5, United 
            States Code, governing the appointment of employees in the 
            competitive service, appoint individuals to a total of not 
            more than 70 positions in the Foundation, of which not more 
            than 5 such positions may be positions of administration or 
            management of the Foundation;
                (ii) prescribe the rates of basic pay for positions to 
            which employees are appointed under clause (i)--

                    (I) in the case of employees appointed pursuant to 
                clause (i) to any of 5 positions designated by the 
                Foundation for purposes of this clause, at rates not in 
                excess of a rate equal to 150 percent of the maximum 
                rate of basic pay authorized for positions at level I 
                of the Executive Schedule under section 5312 of title 
                5, United States Code; and
                    (II) in the case of any other employee appointed 
                pursuant to clause (i), at rates not in excess of the 
                maximum rate of basic pay authorized for senior-level 
                positions under section 5376 of title 5, United States 
                Code; and

                (iii) pay any employee appointed under subparagraph 
            (A), other than an employee appointed to a position 
            designated as described in clause (ii)(I), payments in 
            addition to basic pay within the limit applicable to the 
            employee under subparagraph (D).
            (C) Limitation on term of appointment.--
                (i) In general.--Except as provided in clause (ii), the 
            service of an employee under an appointment under 
            subparagraph (B)(i) may not exceed 4 years.
                (ii) Extension.--The Director may, in the case of a 
            particular employee under the program under subparagraph 
            (A), extend the period to which service is limited under 
            clause (i) by up to 2 years if the Director determines that 
            such action is necessary to promote the efficiency of the 
            Foundation.
            (D) Maximum amount of additional payments payable.--
        Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection or 
        section 5307 of title 5, United States Code, no additional 
        payments may be paid to an employee under subparagraph (B)(iii) 
        in any calendar year if, or to the extent that, the employee's 
        total annual compensation in such calendar year will exceed the 
        maximum amount of total annual compensation payable at the 
        salary set in accordance with section 104 of title 3, United 
        States Code.
        (4) Highly qualified experts in needed occupations.--
            (A) In general.--The Foundation may carry out a program 
        using the authority provided in subparagraph (B) in order to 
        attract highly qualified experts in needed occupations, as 
        determined by the Foundation. Individuals hired by the Director 
        through such authority may include individuals with expertise 
        in business creativity, innovation management, design thinking, 
        entrepreneurship, venture capital, and related fields.
            (B) Authority.--Under the program, the Foundation may--
                (i) appoint personnel from outside the civil service 
            and uniformed services (as such terms are defined in 
            section 2101 of title 5, United States Code) to positions 
            in the Foundation without regard to any provision of title 
            5, United States Code, governing the appointment of 
            employees in the competitive service;
                (ii) prescribe the rates of basic pay for positions to 
            which employees are appointed under clause (i) at rates not 
            in excess of the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for 
            senior-level positions under section 5376 of title 5, 
            United States Code; and
                (iii) pay any employee appointed under clause (i) 
            payments in addition to basic pay within the limits 
            applicable to the employee under subparagraph (D).
            (C) Limitation on term of appointment.--
                (i) In general.--Except as provided in clause (ii), the 
            service of an employee under an appointment made pursuant 
            to this subsection may not exceed 5 years.
                (ii) Extension.--The Foundation may, in the case of a 
            particular employee, extend the period to which service is 
            limited under clause (i) by up to 1 additional year if the 
            Foundation determines that such action is necessary to 
            promote the Foundation's national security missions.
            (D) Limitations on additional payments.--
                (i) Total amount.--The total amount of the additional 
            payments paid to an employee under this subsection for any 
            12-month period may not exceed the maximum amount of total 
            compensation payable at the salary set in accordance with 
            section 104 of title, United States Code.
                (ii) Eligibility for payments.--An employee appointed 
            under this subsection is not eligible for any bonus, 
            monetary award, or other monetary incentive for service, 
            except for payments authorized under this subsection.
            (E) Limitation on number of highly qualified experts.--The 
        number of highly qualified experts appointed and retained by 
        the Foundation under sub (B)(i) shall not exceed 70 at any 
        time.
            (F) Savings provisions.--In the event that the Foundation 
        terminates the program under this paragraph, in the case of an 
        employee who, on the day before the termination of the program, 
        is serving in a position pursuant to an appointment under this 
        paragraph--
                (i) the termination of the program does not terminate 
            the employee's employment in that position before the 
            expiration of the lesser of--

                    (I) the period for which the employee was 
                appointed; or
                    (II) the period to which the employee's service is 
                limited under subparagraph (C), including any extension 
                made under this paragraph before the termination of the 
                program; and

                (ii) the rate of basic pay prescribed for the position 
            under this paragraph may not be reduced as long as the 
            employee continues to serve at an acceptable level of 
            performance in the position without a break in service.
        (5) Additional hiring authority.--To the extent needed to carry 
    out the duties under paragraph (1)(A), the Director is authorized 
    to utilize hiring authorities under section 3372 of title 5, United 
    States Code, to staff the Foundation with employees from other 
    Federal agencies, State and local governments, Indian Tribes and 
    Tribal organizations, institutions of higher education, and other 
    organizations, as described in that section, in the same manner and 
    subject to the same conditions, that apply to such individuals 
    utilized to accomplish other missions of the Foundation.
        (6) National academy of public administration.--
            (A) Study.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Director shall contract with the 
        National Academy of Public Administration to conduct a study on 
        the organizational and management structure of the Foundation, 
        to--
                (i) evaluate and make recommendations to efficiently 
            and effectively implement the Directorate for Technology, 
            Innovation, and Partnerships; and
                (ii) evaluate and make recommendations to ensure 
            coordination of the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, 
            and Partnerships with other directorates and offices of the 
            Foundation and other Federal agencies.
            (B) Review.--Upon completion of the study under 
        subparagraph (A), the Foundation shall review the 
        recommendations from the National Academy of Public 
        Administration and provide a briefing to Congress on the plans 
        of the Foundation to implement any such recommendations.
        (7) Providing authority to disseminate information.--Section 11 
    of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1870) is 
    amended--
            (A) in subsection (j), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (B) in subsection (k), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) to provide for the widest practicable and appropriate 
dissemination of information within the United States concerning the 
Foundation's activities and the results of those activities.''.
SEC. 10397. COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES.
    (a) In General.--In carrying out the activities of the Directorate, 
the Director shall coordinate and collaborate as appropriate with the 
Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, and the heads of other Federal research 
agencies, as appropriate, to further the goals of this subtitle.
    (b) Avoid Duplication.--The Director shall ensure, to the greatest 
extent practicable, that activities carried out by the Directorate are 
not duplicative of activities supported by other parts of the 
Foundation or other relevant Federal agencies. In carrying out the 
activities prescribed by this division, the Director shall coordinate 
with the interagency working group established under subtitle F of 
title VI and heads of other Federal research agencies to ensure these 
activities enhance and complement, but do not constitute unnecessary 
duplication of effort and to ensure the responsible stewardship of 
funds.
    (c) Emerging Technologies.--After completion of the studies 
regarding emerging technologies conducted by the Secretary of Commerce 
under title XV of division FF of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2021 (Public Law 116-260), the Director shall consider the results of 
such studies in carrying out the activities of the Directorate.
SEC. 10398. ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIETAL CONSIDERATIONS.
    The Director shall engage, as appropriate, experts in the social 
dimensions of science and technology and set up formal avenues for 
public input, as appropriate, to ensure that ethical, legal, and 
societal considerations are taken into account in the priorities and 
activities of the Directorate, including in the selection of the 
challenges and key technology focus areas under section 10387 and the 
award-making process, and throughout all stages of supported projects.
SEC. 10399. REPORTS AND ROADMAPS.
    (a) Annual Report.--The Director shall provide to the relevant 
authorizing and appropriations committees of Congress an annual report 
describing projects supported by the Directorate during the previous 
year.
    (b) Roadmap.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Director shall provide to the relevant authorizing and 
appropriations committees of Congress a roadmap describing the 
strategic vision that the Directorate will use to guide investment 
decisions over the following 3 years.
    (c) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act and every 3 years thereafter, the Director, in consultation 
with the heads of relevant Federal agencies, shall prepare and submit 
to Congress--
        (1) a strategic vision for the next 5 years for the 
    Directorate, including a description of how the Foundation will 
    increase funding for research and education for populations 
    underrepresented in STEM and geographic areas; and
        (2) a description of the planned activities of the Directorate 
    to secure federally funded science and technology pursuant to 
    section 1746 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
    Year 2020 (Public Law 116-92; 42 U.S.C. 6601 note) and section 223 
    of William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act 
    for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283) and the requirements 
    under subtitle D of this title and subtitle E of title VI .
    (d) Selection Criteria Report.--Not later than 24 months after the 
establishment of the Directorate, the Director shall prepare and submit 
a report to Congress regarding the use of alternative methods for the 
selection of award recipients and the distribution of funding to 
recipients, as compared to the traditional peer review process.
SEC. 10399A. EVALUATION.
    (a) In General.--After the Directorate has been in operation for 6 
years, the Director shall enter into an agreement with the National 
Academies to provide an evaluation of how well the Directorate is 
achieving the purposes identified in section 10382.
    (b) Inclusions.--The evaluation shall include--
        (1) an assessment of the impact of Directorate activities on 
    the Foundation's primary science mission;
        (2) an assessment of the Directorate's impact on the challenges 
    and key technology focus areas under section 10387;
        (3) an assessment of efforts to ensure coordination between the 
    Directorate and other Federal agencies, and with external entities;
        (4) a description of lessons learned from operation of the 
    Directorate; and
        (5) recommended funding levels for the Directorate;
    (c) Availability.--On completion of the evaluation, the evaluation 
shall be made available to Congress and the public.

                 Subtitle H--Administrative Amendments

SEC. 10399D. SUPPORTING VETERANS IN STEM CAREERS.
    Section 3(c) of the Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act (42 
U.S.C. 1862t) is amended by striking ``annual'' and inserting 
``biennial''.
SEC. 10399E. SUNSHINE ACT COMPLIANCE.
    Section 15(a) of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act 
of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n-5(a)) is amended--
        (1) so that paragraph (3) reads as follows:
        ``(3) Compliance review.--The Inspector General of the 
    Foundation shall conduct a review of the compliance by the Board 
    with the requirements described in paragraph (2) as necessary based 
    on a triennial risk assessment. Any review deemed necessary shall 
    examine the proposed and actual content of closed meetings and 
    determine whether the closure of the meetings was consistent with 
    section 552b of title 5, United States Code.''; and
        (2) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and inserting the 
    following:
        ``(4) Materials relating to closed portions of meeting.--To 
    facilitate the risk assessment required under paragraph (3) of this 
    subsection, and any subsequent review conducted by the Inspector 
    General, the Office of the National Science Board shall maintain 
    the General Counsel's certificate, the presiding officer's 
    statement, and a transcript or recording of any closed meeting, for 
    at least 3 years after such meeting.''.
SEC. 10399F. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INDICATORS REPORT SUBMISSION.
     Section 4(j)(1) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 
U.S.C. 1863(j)(1)) is amended by striking ``January 15'' and inserting 
``March 15''.

             TITLE IV--BIOECONOMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 10401. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the National 
    Engineering Biology Research and Development Initiative established 
    under section 10402.
        (2) Omics.--The term ``omics'' refers to the collective 
    technologies used to explore the roles, relationships, and actions 
    of the various types of molecules that make up the cells and 
    systems of an organism and the systems level analysis of their 
    functions.
SEC. 10402. NATIONAL ENGINEERING BIOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
INITIATIVE.
    (a) In General.--The President, acting through the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy, shall implement a National Engineering 
Biology Research and Development Initiative to advance societal well-
being, national security, sustainability, and economic productivity and 
competitiveness through the following:
        (1) Advancing areas of research at the intersection of the 
    biological, physical, chemical, data, and computational and 
    information sciences and engineering to accelerate scientific 
    understanding and technological innovation in engineering biology.
        (2) Advancing areas of biomanufacturing research to optimize, 
    standardize, scale, and deliver new products and solutions.
        (3) Supporting social and behavioral sciences and economics 
    research that advances the field of engineering biology and 
    contributes to the development and public understanding of new 
    products, processes, and technologies.
        (4) Improving the understanding of engineering biology of the 
    scientific and lay public and supporting greater evidence-based 
    public discourse about its benefits and risks.
        (5) Supporting research relating to the risks and benefits of 
    engineering biology, including under subsection (d).
        (6) Supporting the development of novel tools and technologies 
    to accelerate scientific understanding and technological innovation 
    in engineering biology.
        (7) Expanding the number of researchers, educators, and 
    students and a retooled workforce with engineering biology 
    training, including from traditionally underrepresented and 
    underserved populations.
        (8) Accelerating the translation and commercialization of 
    engineering biology and biomanufacturing research and development 
    by the private sector.
        (9) Improving the interagency planning and coordination of 
    Federal Government activities related to engineering biology.
    (b) Initiative Activities.--The activities of the Initiative shall 
include the following:
        (1) Sustained support for engineering biology research and 
    development through the following:
            (A) Grants to fund the work of individual investigators and 
        teams of investigators, including interdisciplinary teams.
            (B) Projects funded under joint solicitations by a 
        collaboration of not fewer than two agencies participating in 
        the Initiative.
            (C) Interdisciplinary research centers that are organized 
        to investigate basic research questions, carry out technology 
        development and demonstration activities, and increase 
        understanding of how to scale up engineering biology processes, 
        including biomanufacturing.
        (2) Sustained support for databases and related tools, 
    including the following:
            (A) Support for the establishment, curation, and 
        maintenance of curated genomics, epigenomics, and other 
        relevant omics databases, including plant, animal, and 
        microbial databases, that are available to researchers to carry 
        out engineering biology research in a manner that does not 
        compromise national security or the privacy or security of 
        information within such databases.
            (B) Development of standards for such databases, including 
        for curation, interoperability, and protection of privacy and 
        security.
            (C) Support for the development of computational tools, 
        including artificial intelligence tools, that can accelerate 
        research and innovation using such databases.
            (D) An inventory and assessment of all Federal government 
        omics databases to identify opportunities to improve the 
        utility of such databases, as appropriate and in a manner that 
        does not compromise national security or the privacy and 
        security of information within such databases, and inform 
        investment in such databases as critical infrastructure for the 
        engineering biology research enterprise.
        (3) Sustained support for the development, optimization, and 
    validation of novel tools and technologies to enable the dynamic 
    study of molecular processes in situ, including through the 
    following:
            (A) Research conducted at Federal laboratories.
            (B) Grants to fund the work of investigators at 
        institutions of higher education and other nonprofit research 
        institutions.
            (C) Incentivized development of retooled industrial sites 
        across the country that foster a pivot to modernized 
        engineering biology initiatives.
            (D) Awards under the Small Business Innovation Research 
        Program and the Small Business Technology Transfer Program (as 
        described in section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
        638)).
        (4) Support for education and training of undergraduate and 
    graduate students in engineering biology, biomanufacturing, 
    bioprocess engineering, and computational science applied to 
    engineering biology and in the related ethical, legal, 
    environmental, safety, security, and other societal domains.
        (5) Support for a national network of testbeds based on open 
    standards, interfaces, and processes, including by repurposing 
    existing facilities such as those specified in paragraph (3)(C), 
    that would enable scale up of laboratory engineering biology 
    research.
        (6) Activities to develop robust mechanisms for documenting and 
    quantifying the outputs and economic benefits of engineering 
    biology.
        (7) Activities to accelerate the translation and 
    commercialization of new products, processes, and technologies by 
    carrying out the following:
            (A) Identifying precompetitive research opportunities.
            (B) Facilitating public-private partnerships in engineering 
        biology research and development, including to address barriers 
        to scaling up innovations in engineering biology.
            (C) Connecting researchers, graduate students, and 
        postdoctoral fellows with entrepreneurship education and 
        training opportunities.
            (D) Supporting proof of concept activities and the 
        formation of startup companies including through programs such 
        as the Small Business Innovation Research Program and the Small 
        Business Technology Transfer Program.
    (c) Expanding Participation.--The Initiative shall include, to the 
maximum extent practicable, outreach to primarily undergraduate and 
historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal Colleges or 
Universities, and minority-serving institutions about Initiative 
opportunities, and shall encourage the development of research 
collaborations between research-intensive universities and primarily 
undergraduate and historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal 
Colleges or Universities, and minority-serving institutions.
    (d) Ethical, Legal, Environmental, Safety, Security, and Societal 
Issues.--Initiative activities shall take into account ethical, legal, 
environmental, safety, security, and other appropriate societal issues 
by carrying out the following:
        (1) Supporting research, including in the social sciences, and 
    other activities addressing ethical, legal, environmental, and 
    other appropriate societal issues related to engineering biology, 
    including integrating research on such topics with the research and 
    development in engineering biology, and encouraging the 
    dissemination of the results of such research, including through 
    interdisciplinary engineering biology research centers described in 
    subsection (b)(1)(C).
        (2) Supporting research and other activities related to the 
    safety and security implications of engineering biology, including 
    outreach to increase awareness among Federal researchers and 
    federally-funded researchers at institutions of higher education 
    about potential safety and security implications of engineering 
    biology research, as appropriate.
        (3) Ensuring that input from Federal and non-Federal experts on 
    the ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, and other 
    appropriate societal issues related to engineering biology is 
    integrated into the Initiative.
        (4) Ensuring, through the agencies and departments that 
    participate in the Initiative, that public input and outreach are 
    integrated into the Initiative by the convening of regular and 
    ongoing public discussions through mechanisms such as workshops, 
    consensus conferences, and educational events, as appropriate.
        (5) Complying with all applicable provisions of Federal law.
SEC. 10403. INITIATIVE COORDINATION.
    (a) Interagency Committee.--The President, acting through the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall designate an interagency 
committee to coordinate activities of the Initiative as appropriate, 
which shall be co-chaired by the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy. The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
shall select an additional co-chairperson from among the members of the 
interagency committee. The interagency committee shall oversee the 
planning, management, and coordination of the Initiative. The 
interagency committee shall carry out the following:
        (1) Provide for interagency coordination of Federal engineering 
    biology research, development, and other activities undertaken 
    pursuant to the Initiative.
        (2) Establish and periodically update goals and priorities for 
    the Initiative.
        (3) Develop, not later than 12 months after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, and update every five years thereafter, a 
    strategic plan submitted to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
    Technology, the Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on 
    Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the 
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee 
    on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on Small 
    Business and Entrepreneurship, and the Committee on Health, 
    Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate that--
            (A) guides the activities of the Initiative for purposes of 
        meeting the goals and priorities established under (and updated 
        pursuant to) paragraph (2); and
            (B) describes--
                (i) the Initiative's support for long-term funding for 
            interdisciplinary engineering biology research and 
            development;
                (ii) the Initiative's support for education and public 
            outreach activities;
                (iii) the Initiative's support for research and other 
            activities on ethical, legal, environmental, safety, 
            security, and other appropriate societal issues related to 
            engineering biology, including--

                    (I) an applied biorisk management research plan;
                    (II) recommendations for integrating security into 
                biological data access and international reciprocity 
                agreements;
                    (III) recommendations for manufacturing 
                restructuring to support engineering biology research, 
                development, and scaling-up initiatives; and
                    (IV) an evaluation of existing biosecurity 
                governance policies, guidance, and directives for the 
                purposes of creating an adaptable, evidence-based 
                framework to respond to emerging biosecurity challenges 
                created by advances in engineering biology;

                (iv) how the Initiative will contribute to moving 
            results out of the laboratory and into application for the 
            benefit of society and United States competitiveness; and
                (v) how the Initiative will measure and track the 
            contributions of engineering biology to United States 
            economic growth and other societal indicators.
        (4) Develop a national genomic sequencing strategy to ensure 
    engineering biology research fully leverages plant, animal, and 
    microbe biodiversity, as appropriate and in a manner that does not 
    compromise economic competitiveness, national security, or the 
    privacy or security of human genetic information, to enhance long-
    term innovation and competitiveness in engineering biology in the 
    United States.
        (5) Develop a plan to utilize Federal programs, such as the 
    Small Business Innovation Research Program and the Small Business 
    Technology Transfer Program (as described in section 9 of the Small 
    Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638)), in support of the activities 
    described in section 10402(b)(3).
        (6) In carrying out this section, take into consideration the 
    recommendations of the advisory committee established under section 
    10404, the results of the workshop convened under section 10402, 
    existing reports on related topics, and the views of academic, 
    State, industry, and other appropriate groups.
    (b) Quinquennial Report.--Beginning with fiscal year 2023 and every 
five years thereafter for ten years, the interagency committee shall 
prepare and submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on Agriculture 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
Pensions, the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
report that includes the following:
        (1) A summarized agency budget in support of the Initiative for 
    the current fiscal year, including a breakout of spending for each 
    agency participating in the Program, and for the development and 
    acquisition of any research facilities and instrumentation.
        (2) An assessment of how Federal agencies are implementing the 
    plan described in subsection (a)(3), including the following:
            (A) A description of the amount and number of awards made 
        under the Small Business Innovation Research Program and the 
        Small Business Technology Transfer Program (as described in 
        section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638)) in support 
        of the Initiative.
            (B) A description of the amount and number of projects 
        funded under joint solicitations by a collaboration of not 
        fewer than two agencies participating in the Initiative.
            (C) A description of effects of newly-funded projects by 
        the Initiative.
    (c) Initiative Coordination Office.--
        (1) In general.--The President shall establish an Initiative 
    Coordination Office, with a Director and full-time staff, which 
    shall--
            (A) provide technical and administrative support to the 
        interagency committee and the advisory committee established 
        under subsection (a) and section 10404;
            (B) serve as the point of contact on Federal engineering 
        biology activities for government organizations, academia, 
        industry, professional societies, State governments, interested 
        citizen groups, and others to exchange technical and 
        programmatic information;
            (C) oversee interagency coordination of the Initiative, 
        including by encouraging and supporting joint agency 
        solicitation and selection of applications for funding of 
        activities under the Initiative, as appropriate;
            (D) conduct public outreach, including dissemination of 
        findings and recommendations of the advisory committee, as 
        appropriate;
            (E) serve as the coordinator of ethical, legal, 
        environmental, safety, security, and other appropriate societal 
        input; and
            (F) promote access to, and early application of, the 
        technologies, innovations, and expertise derived from 
        Initiative activities to agency missions and systems across the 
        Federal Government, and to United States industry, including 
        startup companies.
        (2) Funding.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy, in coordination with each participating Federal 
    department and agency, as appropriate, shall develop and annually 
    update an estimate of the funds necessary to carry out the 
    activities of the Initiative Coordination Office and submit such 
    estimate with an agreed summary of contributions from each agency 
    to Congress as part of the President's annual budget request to 
    Congress.
        (3) Termination.--The Initiative Coordination Office 
    established under this subsection shall terminate on the date that 
    is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to alter the policies, processes, or practices of individual Federal 
agencies in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
Act relating to the conduct of biomedical research and advanced 
development, including the solicitation and review of extramural 
research proposals.
SEC. 10404. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ENGINEERING BIOLOGY RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.
    (a) In General.--The agency co-chair of the interagency committee 
established under section 10403 shall, in consultation with the Office 
of Science and Technology Policy, designate or establish an advisory 
committee on engineering biology research and development (in this 
section referred to as the ``advisory committee'') to be composed of 
not fewer than 12 members, including representatives of research and 
academic institutions, industry, and nongovernmental entities, who are 
qualified to provide advice on the Initiative.
    (b) Assessment.--The advisory committee shall assess the following:
        (1) The current state of United States competitiveness in 
    engineering biology, including the scope and scale of United States 
    investments in engineering biology research and development in the 
    international context.
        (2) Current market barriers to commercialization of engineering 
    biology products, processes, and tools in the United States.
        (3) Progress made in implementing the Initiative.
        (4) The need to revise the Initiative.
        (5) The balance of activities and funding across the 
    Initiative.
        (6) Whether the strategic plan developed or updated by the 
    interagency committee established under section 10403 is helping to 
    maintain United States leadership in engineering biology.
        (7) Whether ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, 
    and other appropriate societal issues are adequately addressed by 
    the Initiative.
    (c) Reports.--Beginning not later than two years after the date of 
the enactment of this Act and not less frequently than once every five 
years thereafter, the advisory committee shall submit to the President, 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on 
Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
Pensions, and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
the Senate, a report on the following:
        (1) The findings of the advisory committee's assessment under 
    subsection (b).
        (2) The advisory committee's recommendations for ways to 
    improve the Initiative.
    (d) Application of Federal Advisory Committee Act.--Section 14 of 
the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to 
the advisory committee.
    (e) Termination.--The advisory committee established under 
subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 10 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 10405. EXTERNAL REVIEW OF ETHICAL, LEGAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY, 
SECURITY, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than six months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a review, and make 
recommendations with respect to, the ethical, legal, environmental, 
safety, security, and other appropriate societal issues related to 
engineering biology research and development. The review shall include 
the following:
        (1) An assessment of the current research on such issues.
        (2) A description of the research needs relating to such 
    issues.
        (3) Recommendations on how the Initiative can address the 
    research needs identified pursuant to paragraph (2).
        (4) Recommendations on how researchers engaged in engineering 
    biology can best incorporate considerations of such issues into the 
    development of research proposals and the conduct of research.
    (b) Report to Congress.--The agreement entered into under 
subsection (a) shall require the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine to, not later than two years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act--
        (1) submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
    and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives 
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the 
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
    report containing the findings and recommendations of the review 
    conducted under subsection (a); and
        (2) make a copy of such report available on a publicly 
    accessible website.
SEC. 10406. AGENCY ACTIVITIES.
    (a) National Science Foundation.--As part of the Initiative, the 
National Science Foundation shall carry out the following:
        (1) Support research in engineering biology and 
    biomanufacturing through individual grants, collaborative grants, 
    and through interdisciplinary research centers.
        (2) Support research on the environmental, legal, ethical, and 
    social implications of engineering biology.
        (3) Provide support for research instrumentation, equipment, 
    and cyberinfrastructure for engineering biology disciplines, 
    including support for research, development, optimization, and 
    validation of novel technologies to enable the dynamic study of 
    molecular processes in situ.
        (4) Support curriculum development and research experiences for 
    secondary, undergraduate, and graduate students in engineering 
    biology and biomanufacturing, including through support for 
    graduate fellowships and traineeships in engineering biology.
        (5) Award grants, on a competitive basis, to enable 
    institutions to support graduate students and postdoctoral fellows 
    who perform some of their engineering biology research in an 
    industry setting.
    (b) Department of Commerce.--
        (1) National institute of standards and technology.--As part of 
    the Initiative, the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
    and Technology shall carry out the following:
            (A) Advance the development of standard reference materials 
        and measurements, including to promote interoperability between 
        new component technologies and processes for engineering 
        biology and biomanufacturing discovery, innovation, and 
        production processes.
            (B) Establish new data tools, techniques, and processes 
        necessary to advance engineering biology and biomanufacturing.
            (C) Provide access to user facilities with advanced or 
        unique equipment, services, materials, and other resources to 
        industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
        organizations, and government agencies to perform research and 
        testing.
            (D) Provide technical expertise to inform the potential 
        development of guidelines or safeguards for new products, 
        processes, and systems of engineering biology.
        (2) National oceanic and atmospheric administration.--As part 
    of the initiative, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
    Atmospheric Administration shall carry out the following:
            (A) Conduct and support research in omics and associated 
        bioinformatic sciences and develop tools and products to 
        improve ecosystem stewardship, monitoring, management, 
        assessments. and forecasts, consistent with the mission of the 
        agency.
            (B) Collaborate with other agencies to understand potential 
        environmental threats and safeguards related to engineering 
        biology.
    (c) Department of Energy.--As part of the Initiative, the Secretary 
of Energy shall carry out the following:
        (1) Conduct and support research, development, demonstration, 
    and commercial application activities in engineering biology, 
    including in the areas of synthetic biology, advanced biofuel and 
    bioproduct development, biobased materials, and environmental 
    remediation.
        (2) Support the development, optimization and validation of 
    novel, scalable tools and technologies to enable the dynamic study 
    of molecular processes in situ.
        (3) Provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique 
    equipment, services, materials, and other resources, including 
    secure access to high-performance computing, as appropriate, to 
    industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
    organizations, and government agencies to perform research and 
    testing;.
        (4) Strengthen collaboration between the Office of Science and 
    the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office to help transfer 
    fundamental research results to industry and accelerate commercial 
    applications.
    (d) Department of Defense.--As part of the Initiative, the 
Secretary of Defense shall carry out the following:
        (1) Conduct and support research and development in engineering 
    biology and associated data and information sciences.
        (2) Support curriculum development and research experiences in 
    engineering biology and associated data and information sciences 
    across the military education system, including the service 
    academies, professional military education, and military graduate 
    education.
        (3) Assess risks of potential national security and economic 
    security threats relating to engineering biology.
    (e) National Aeronautics and Space Administration.--As part of the 
Initiative, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall 
carry out the following:
        (1) Conduct and support research in engineering biology, 
    including in synthetic biology, and related to Earth and space 
    sciences, aeronautics, space technology, and space exploration and 
    experimentation, consistent with the priorities established in the 
    National Academies' decadal surveys.
        (2) Award grants, on a competitive basis, that enable 
    institutions to support graduate students and postdoctoral fellows 
    who perform some of their engineering biology research in an 
    industry setting.
    (f) Department of Agriculture.--As part of the Initiative, the 
Secretary of Agriculture shall support research and development in 
engineering biology through the Agricultural Research Service, the 
National Institute of Food and Agriculture programs and grants, and the 
Office of the Chief Scientist.
    (g) Environmental Protection Agency.--As part of the Initiative, 
the Environmental Protection Agency shall support research on how 
products, processes, and systems of engineering biology will affect or 
can protect the environment.
    (h) Department of Health and Human Services.--As part of the 
Initiative, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as appropriate 
and consistent with activities of the Department of Health and Human 
Services in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
Act, shall carry out the following:
        (1) Support research and development to advance the 
    understanding and application of engineering biology for human 
    health.
        (2) Support relevant interdisciplinary research and 
    coordination.
        (3) Support activities necessary to facilitate oversight of 
    relevant emerging biotechnologies.
SEC. 10407. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
    Nothing in this title may be construed to require public disclosure 
of information that is exempt from mandatory disclosure under section 
552 of title 5, United States Code.

              TITLE V--BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE
                     Subtitle A--STEM Opportunities

SEC. 10501. FEDERAL RESEARCH AGENCY POLICIES FOR CAREGIVERS.
    (a) OSTP Guidance.--Not later than 12 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Director, in consultation with the heads of 
relevant agencies, shall provide guidance to each Federal research 
agency to establish policies that--
        (1) apply to all--
            (A) research awards granted by such agency; and
            (B) principal investigators of such research and their 
        trainees, including postdoctoral researchers and graduate 
        students, who have caregiving responsibilities, including care 
        for a newborn or newly adopted child and care for an immediate 
        family member who has a disability or a serious health 
        condition; and
        (2) provide, to the extent feasible--
            (A) flexibility in timing for the initiation of approved 
        research awards granted by such agency;
            (B) no-cost extensions of such research awards;
            (C) award supplements, as appropriate, to research awards 
        to sustain research activities conducted under such awards; and
            (D) any other appropriate accommodations at the discretion 
        of the director of each such agency.
    (b) Uniformity of Guidance.--In providing guidance under subsection 
(a), the Director shall encourage uniformity, to the extent 
practicable, and consistency in the policies established pursuant to 
such guidance across all Federal research agencies.
    (c) Establishment of Policies.--Consistent, to the extent 
practicable, with the guidance under subsection (a), Federal research 
agencies shall--
        (1) maintain or develop and implement policies for individuals 
    described in paragraph (1)(B) of such subsection; and
        (2) broadly disseminate in easily accessible formats such 
    policies to current and potential award recipients.
    (d) Data on Usage.--Federal research agencies shall consider--
        (1) collecting data, including demographic data that can be 
    disaggregated by sex, geographic location, and socioeconomic 
    indicators, which may include employment status, occupation, 
    educational attainment, parental education, and income, on the 
    usage of the policies under subsection (c), at both institutions of 
    higher education and Federal laboratories; and
        (2) reporting such data on an annual basis to the Director in 
    such form as required by the Director.
SEC. 10502. COLLECTION AND REPORTING OF DATA ON FEDERAL RESEARCH 
AWARDS.
    (a) Collection of Data.--
        (1) In general.--Each Federal research agency shall collect, as 
    practicable, with respect to all applications for merit-reviewed 
    research and development awards made by such agency, standardized 
    record-level annual information on demographics, primary field, 
    award type, institution type, review rating, budget request, 
    funding outcome, and awarded budget.
        (2) Uniformity and standardization.--The Director, in 
    consultation with the heads of each Federal research agency, shall 
    establish, and update as necessary, a policy to ensure uniformity 
    and standardization of the data collection required under paragraph 
    (1).
        (3) Record-level data.--
            (A) Requirement.--Beginning not later than two years after 
        the issuance of the policy under paragraph (2) to Federal 
        research agencies, and on an annual basis thereafter, each 
        Federal research agency shall submit to the National Center for 
        Science and Engineering Statistics record-level data collected 
        under paragraph (1) in the form required by the Director of the 
        National Science Foundation.
            (B) Previous data.--As part of the first submission under 
        subparagraph (A), each Federal research agency, to the extent 
        practicable, shall also submit comparable record-level data, if 
        it is available to the agency, for the five years preceding the 
        date of such submission, or an analysis for why such data 
        cannot be provided.
    (b) Reporting of Data.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall publish statistical summary data, as practicable, 
collected under this section, disaggregated and cross-tabulated by 
race, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic indicators, which may include 
employment status, occupation, educational attainment, parental 
education, and income, geographic location, and years since completion 
of doctoral degree, including in conjunction with the National Science 
Foundation's report required by section 37 of the Science and 
Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885d; Public Law 96-
516).
SEC. 10503. POLICIES FOR REVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH AWARDS.
    (a) Assessment of Policies.--Federal research agencies shall 
regularly assess, and update as necessary, policies, and practices to 
remove or reduce cultural and institutional barriers limiting the 
recruitment, retention, and success of groups historically 
underrepresented in STEM research careers, including policies and 
practices relevant to the unbiased review of Federal research 
applications.
    (b) Considerations and Activities.--In carrying out the 
requirements under subsection (a), Federal research agencies shall--
        (1) review current levels of participation of groups 
    historically underrepresented in STEM in peer-review panels and 
    consider approaches for expanding their participation;
        (2) analyze the data collected under section 10502, including 
    funding rates of proposals from all groups, including those 
    historically underrepresented in STEM;
        (3) collect and disseminate best practices to remove or reduce 
    cultural and institutional barriers limiting the recruitment, 
    retention, and success of groups historically underrepresented in 
    STEM research careers; and
        (4) implement evidence-based policies and practices to achieve 
    the goals of this section.
SEC. 10504. COLLECTION OF DATA ON DEMOGRAPHICS OF FACULTY.
    (a) Collection of Data.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 5 years after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act and at least every five years thereafter, the 
    Director of the National Science Foundation shall carry out a 
    survey to collect data from award recipients on the demographics of 
    STEM faculty, by broad fields of STEM, at different types of 
    institutions of higher education that receive Federal research 
    funding.
        (2) Survey considerations.--To the extent practicable, the 
    Director of the National Science Foundation shall survey, by sex, 
    race, socioeconomic indicators, which may include employment 
    status, occupation, educational attainment, parental education, and 
    income, geographic location, ethnicity, citizenship status, and 
    years since completion of doctoral degree--
            (A) the number and percentage of faculty;
            (B) the number and percentage of faculty at each rank;
            (C) the number and percentage of faculty who are in 
        nontenure-track positions, including teaching and research;
            (D) the number and percentage of faculty who are reviewed 
        for promotion, including tenure, and the percentage of that 
        number who are promoted, including being awarded tenure;
            (E) faculty years in rank;
            (F) the number and percentage of faculty to leave tenure-
        track positions;
            (G) the number and percentage of faculty hired, by rank; 
        and
            (H) the number and percentage of faculty in leadership 
        positions.
    (b) Existing Surveys.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation, may, in modifying or expanding existing Federal surveys of 
higher education (as necessary)--
        (1) take into account the considerations under subsection 
    (a)(2) by collaborating with statistical centers at other Federal 
    agencies; or
        (2) make an award to an institution of higher education or 
    nonprofit organization (or consortia thereof) to take such 
    considerations into account.
    (c) Reporting Data.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall publish statistical summary data collected under this 
section, including as part of the National Science Foundation's report 
required by section 37 of the Science and Engineering Equal 
Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885d; Public Law 96-516).
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director of the National Science Foundation 
$4,000,000 in each of fiscal years 2023 through 2025 to develop and 
carry out the initial survey required under subsection (a).
SEC. 10505. CULTURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO EXPANDING THE 
ACADEMIC AND FEDERAL STEM WORKFORCE.
    (a) Best Practices.--
        (1) Development of guidance.--Not later than 12 months after 
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Director, in consultation 
    with the interagency working group on inclusion in STEM and 
    utilizing existing guidance already developed by Federal research 
    agencies where applicable, shall broadly disseminate to entities 
    that receive Federal research funding best practices for--
            (A) conducting periodic climate surveys of STEM departments 
        and divisions, with a particular focus on identifying and 
        addressing any cultural or institutional barriers to the 
        recruitment, retention, or advancement of groups historically 
        underrepresented in STEM studies and careers; and
            (B) providing educational opportunities, including 
        workshops, for STEM professionals to learn about current 
        research on effective practices for unbiased recruitment, 
        evaluation, and promotion of undergraduate and graduate 
        students and research personnel.
        (2) Establishment of policies.--Consistent with the guidance 
    developed under paragraph (1)--
            (A) The Director of the National Science Foundation, in 
        consultation with the heads of Federal research agencies, shall 
        develop a policy that--
                (i) applies to, at a minimum, doctoral degree granting 
            institutions that receive Federal research funding; and
                (ii) requires each such institution, not later than 3 
            years after the date of enactment of this Act, and to the 
            extent practicable, to report to the Director of the 
            National Science Foundation on activities and policies 
            developed and implemented based on the guidance 
            disseminated under paragraph (1); and
            (B) each Federal research agency with a Federal laboratory 
        shall maintain or develop and implement practices and policies 
        for the purposes described in paragraph (1) for such laboratory 
        and, not later than three years after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act, each Federal laboratory shall report to the head 
        of such agency on such practices and policies.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than four years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall submit a report to Congress that includes a summary 
and analysis of the types and frequency of activities and policies 
developed and carried out under subsection (a) based on the reports 
submitted under paragraph (2) of such subsection.
SEC. 10506. EXISTING ACTIVITIES.
     A Federal research agency may satisfy requirements under this 
subtitle through activities and programs in existence as of the date of 
the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 10507. REPORT TO CONGRESS.
    Not later than four years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Director shall submit to Congress a report that includes the 
following:
        (1) A description and evaluation of the status and usage of 
    policies implemented pursuant to section 10505 at all Federal 
    research agencies, including any recommendations for revising or 
    expanding such policies.
        (2) With respect to efforts to remove or reduce cultural and 
    institutional barriers limiting the recruitment, retention, and 
    success of groups historically underrepresented in academic and 
    government STEM research careers under section 10505--
            (A) what steps all Federal research agencies have taken to 
        implement policies and practices to further such efforts;
            (B) a description of any significant updates to the 
        policies for review of Federal research awards required under 
        such section; and
            (C) any evidence of the impact of such policies on the 
        review or awarding of Federal research awards; and
        (3) A description and evaluation of the status of institution 
    of higher education and Federal laboratory policies and practices 
    required under section 10505, including any recommendations for 
    revising or expanding such policies.
SEC. 10508. MERIT REVIEW.
    Nothing in this subtitle may be construed as altering any 
intellectual or broader impacts criteria at Federal research agencies 
for evaluating award applications.
SEC. 10509. DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
    The budgetary effects of this subtitle, for the purpose of 
complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, shall be 
determined by reference to the latest statement titled ``Budgetary 
Effects of PAYGO Legislation'' for this subtitle, submitted for 
printing in the Congressional Record by the Chairman of the House 
Budget Committee, provided that such statement has been submitted prior 
to the vote on passage.
SEC. 10510. DEFINITION.
    In this subtitle, the term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy.

               Subtitle B--Rural STEM Education Research

SEC. 10511. DEFINITION.
    In this subtitle, the term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
National Science Foundation.
SEC. 10512. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RURAL STEM ACTIVITIES.
    (a) Preparing Rural STEM Educators.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards on a merit- 
    reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of higher education or 
    nonprofit organizations (or a consortium thereof) for research and 
    development activities to advance innovative approaches to support 
    and sustain high-quality STEM teaching in rural schools.
        (2) Use of funds.--
            (A) In general.--Awards made under this subsection shall be 
        used for the research and development activities referred to in 
        paragraph (1), which may include--
                (i) engaging rural educators, principals, or other 
            school leaders of students in prekindergarten through grade 
            12 in professional learning opportunities to enhance STEM 
            knowledge, including computer science, and develop best 
            practices;
                (ii) supporting research on effective STEM teaching and 
            school leadership practices in rural settings, including 
            the use of rubrics and mastery- based grading practices to 
            assess student performance when employing the 
            transdisciplinary teaching approach for STEM disciplines;
                (iii) designing and developing pre-service and in-
            service training resources to assist such rural educators, 
            principals, and other school leaders in adopting 
            transdisciplinary teaching practices across STEM courses;
                (iv) coordinating with local partners to adapt STEM 
            teaching practices to leverage local, natural, and 
            community assets in order to support in-place learning in 
            rural areas;
                (v) providing hands-on training and research 
            opportunities for rural educators described in clause (i) 
            at Federal laboratories or institutions of higher 
            education, or in industry;
                (vi) developing training and best practices for 
            educators who teach multiple grade levels within a STEM 
            discipline;
                (vii) designing and implementing professional 
            development courses and experiences, including mentoring, 
            for rural educators, principals, and other school leaders 
            described in clause (i) that combine face-to-face and 
            online experiences; and
                (viii) any other activity the Director determines will 
            accomplish the goals of this paragraph.
            (B) Rural stem collaborative.--The Director shall establish 
        a pilot program of regional cohorts in rural areas that will 
        provide peer support, mentoring, and hands-on research 
        experiences for rural STEM educators, principals, and other 
        school leaders of students in prekindergarten through grade 12, 
        in order to build an ecosystem of cooperation among educators, 
        principals, other school leaders, researchers, academia, and 
        local industry.
    (b) Broadening Participation of Rural Students in STEM.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards on a merit- 
    reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of higher education or 
    nonprofit organizations (or a consortium thereof) for--
            (A) research and development of programming to identify the 
        barriers rural students face in accessing high-quality STEM 
        education; and
            (B) development of innovative solutions to improve the 
        participation and advancement of rural students in 
        prekindergarten through grade 12 in STEM studies.
        (2) Use of funds.--
            (A) In general.--Awards made under this subsection shall be 
        used for the research and development activities referred to in 
        paragraph (1), which may include--
                (i) developing partnerships with community colleges to 
            offer advanced STEM course work, including computer 
            science, to rural high school students;
                (ii) supporting research on effective STEM practices in 
            rural settings;
                (iii) implementing a school-wide STEM approach, 
            including preparation and support for principals and other 
            school leaders;
                (iv) improving the Foundation's Advanced Technology 
            Education program's coordination and engagement with rural 
            communities;
                (v) collaborating with existing community partners and 
            networks, such as the Cooperative Extension System services 
            and extramural research programs of the Department of 
            Agriculture and youth serving organizations like 4-H, after 
            school STEM programs, and summer STEM programs, to leverage 
            community resources and develop place-based programming;
                (vi) connecting rural school districts and institutions 
            of higher education, to improve precollegiate STEM 
            education and engagement;
                (vii) supporting partnerships that offer hands- on 
            inquiry-based science activities, including coding, and 
            access to lab resources for students studying STEM in 
            prekindergarten through grade 12 in a rural area;
                (viii) evaluating the role of broadband connectivity 
            and its associated impact on the STEM and technology 
            literacy of rural students;
                (ix) building capacity to support extracurricular STEM 
            programs in rural schools, including mentor-led engagement 
            programs, STEM programs held during non-school hours, STEM 
            networks, makerspaces, coding activities, and competitions;
                (x) creating partnerships with local industries and 
            local educational agencies to tailor STEM curricula and 
            educational experiences to the needs of a particular local 
            or regional economy; and
                (xi) any other activity the Director determines will 
            accomplish the goals of this paragraph.
    (c) Application.--An applicant seeking an award under subsection 
(a) or (b) shall submit an application at such time, in such manner, 
and containing such information as the Director may require. The 
application may include the following:
        (1) A description of the target population to be served by the 
    research activity or activities for which such award is sought.
        (2) A description of the process for recruitment and selection 
    of students, educators, principals, and other school leaders, or 
    schools from rural areas to participate in such activity or 
    activities.
        (3) A description of how such activity or activities may inform 
    efforts to promote the engagement and achievement of rural students 
    in prekindergarten through grade 12 in STEM studies.
        (4) In the case of a proposal consisting of a partnership or 
    partnerships with one or more rural schools and one or more 
    researchers, a plan for establishing a sustained partnership that 
    is jointly developed and managed, draws from the capacities of each 
    partner, and is mutually beneficial.
    (d) Partnerships.--In making awards under subsection (a) or (b), 
the Director shall--
        (1) encourage applicants which, for the purpose of the activity 
    or activities funded through the award, include or partner with a 
    nonprofit organization or an institution of higher education (or a 
    consortium thereof) that has extensive experience and expertise in 
    increasing the participation of rural students in prekindergarten 
    through grade 12 in STEM;
        (2) encourage applicants which, for the purpose of the activity 
    or activities funded through the award, include or partner with a 
    consortium of rural schools or rural school districts; and
        (3) encourage applications which, for the purpose of the 
    activity or activities funded through the award, include 
    commitments from school principals, other school leaders, and 
    administrators to making reforms and activities proposed by the 
    applicant a priority.
    (e) Evaluations.--All proposals for awards under subsections (a) 
and (b) shall include an evaluation plan that includes the use of 
outcome-oriented measures to assess the impact and efficacy of the 
award. Each recipient of an award under this subsection shall include 
results from these evaluative activities in annual and final projects.
    (f) Accountability and Dissemination.--
        (1) Evaluation required.--The Director shall evaluate the 
    portfolio of awards made under subsections (a) and (b). Such 
    evaluation shall--
            (A) use a common set of benchmarks and tools to assess the 
        results of research conducted under such awards and identify 
        best practices; and
            (B) to the extent practicable, integrate the findings of 
        research resulting from the activity or activities funded 
        through such awards with the findings of other research on 
        rural students' pursuit of degrees or careers in STEM.
        (2) Report on evaluations.--Not later than 180 days after the 
    completion of the evaluation under paragraph (1), the Director 
    shall submit to Congress and make widely available to the public a 
    report that includes--
            (A) the results of the evaluation; and
            (B) any recommendations for administrative and legislative 
        action that could optimize the effectiveness of the awards made 
        under this subsection.
    (g) Report by Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and 
Engineering.--As part of the first report required by section 36(e) of 
the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 
1885c(e)) transmitted to Congress after the date of enactment of this 
division, the Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and 
Engineering, in consultation with the Chief Diversity Officer of the 
National Science Foundation, shall include--
        (1) a description of past and present policies and activities 
    of the Foundation to encourage full participation of students in 
    rural communities in science, mathematics, engineering, and 
    computer science fields;
        (2) an assessment of trends in participation of rural students 
    in prekindergarten through grade 12 in Foundation activities; and
        (3) an assessment of the policies and activities of the 
    Foundation, along with proposals for new strategies or the 
    broadening of existing successful strategies towards facilitating 
    the goal of increasing participation of rural students in 
    prekindergarten through grade 12 in Foundation activities.
    (h) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the Director 
shall, for purposes of enhancing program effectiveness and avoiding 
duplication of activities, consult, cooperate, and coordinate with the 
programs and policies of other relevant Federal agencies.
    (i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director--
        (1) $8,000,000 to carry out the activities under subsection (a) 
    for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027; and
        (2) $12,000,000 to carry out the activities under subsection 
    (b) for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10513. OPPORTUNITIES FOR ONLINE EDUCATION.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make competitive awards to 
institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or a 
consortium thereof, which may include a private sector partner) to 
conduct research on online STEM education courses for rural 
communities.
    (b) Research Areas.--The research areas eligible for funding under 
this subsection shall include--
        (1) evaluating the learning and achievement of rural students 
    in prekindergarten through grade 12 in STEM subjects;
        (2) understanding how computer-based and online professional 
    development courses and mentor experiences can be integrated to 
    meet the needs of educators, principals, and other school leaders 
    of rural students in prekindergarten through grade 12;
        (3) combining computer-based and online STEM education and 
    training with mentoring and other applied learning arrangements;
        (4) leveraging online programs to supplement STEM studies for 
    rural students that need physical and academic accommodation; and
        (5) any other activity the Director determines will accomplish 
    the goals of this subsection.
    (c) Evaluations.--All proposals for awards under this section shall 
include an evaluation plan that includes the use of outcome-oriented 
measures to assess the impact and efficacy of the award. Each recipient 
of an award under this subsection shall include results from these 
evaluative activities in annual and final projects.
    (d) Accountability and Dissemination.--
        (1) Evaluation required.--The Director shall evaluate the 
    portfolio of awards made under this subsection. Such evaluation 
    shall--
            (A) use a common set of benchmarks and tools to assess the 
        results of research conducted under such awards and identify 
        best practices; and
            (B) to the extent practicable, integrate findings from 
        activities carried out pursuant to research conducted under 
        this section, with respect to the pursuit of careers and 
        degrees in STEM, with those activities carried out pursuant to 
        other research on serving rural students and communities.
        (2) Report on evaluations.--Not later than 180 days after the 
    completion of the evaluation under paragraph (1), the Director 
    shall submit to Congress and make widely available to the public a 
    report that includes--
            (A) the results of the evaluation; and
            (B) any recommendations for administrative and legislative 
        action that could optimize the effectiveness of the awards made 
        under this section.
    (e) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the Director 
shall, for purposes of enhancing program effectiveness and avoiding 
duplication of activities, consult, cooperate, and coordinate with the 
programs and policies of other relevant Federal agencies.
SEC. 10514. NATIONAL ACADEMIES EVALUATION.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of 
this division, the Director shall enter into an agreement with the 
National Academies under which the National Academies agree to conduct 
an evaluation and assessment that--
        (1) evaluates the quality and quantity of current Federal 
    programming and research directed at examining STEM education for 
    students in prekindergarten through grade 12 and workforce 
    development in rural areas;
        (2) in coordination with the Federal Communications Commission, 
    assesses the impact that the scarcity of broadband connectivity in 
    rural communities, and the affordability of broadband connectivity, 
    have on STEM and technical literacy for students in prekindergarten 
    through grade 12 in rural areas;
        (3) assesses the core research and data needed to understand 
    the challenges rural areas are facing in providing quality STEM 
    education and workforce development;
        (4) makes recommendations for action at the Federal, State, and 
    local levels for improving STEM education, including online STEM 
    education, for students in prekindergarten through grade 12 and 
    workforce development in rural areas; and
        (5) makes recommendations to inform the implementation of 
    programs in sections 10512 and 10513 (___-LOG262) and (___-LOG263).
    (b) Report to Director.--The agreement entered into under 
subsection (a) shall require the National Academies, not later than 24 
months after the date of enactment of this division, to submit to the 
Director a report on the study conducted under such paragraph, 
including the National Academies' findings and recommendations.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director to carry out this section $1,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2023.
SEC. 10515. GAO REVIEW.
    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this 
division, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study on the engagement of rural populations in Federal STEM education 
programs and submit to Congress a report that includes--
        (1) an assessment of how Federal STEM education programs are 
    serving rural populations;
        (2) a description of initiatives carried out by Federal 
    agencies that are targeted at supporting STEM education in rural 
    areas;
        (3) an assessment of what is known about the impact and 
    effectiveness of Federal investments in STEM education programs 
    that are targeted to rural areas; and
        (4) an assessment of challenges that State and Federal STEM 
    education programs face in reaching rural population centers.
SEC. 10516. NIST ENGAGEMENT WITH RURAL COMMUNITIES.
    (a) Prize Competition.--Pursuant to section 24 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), the 
Secretary of Commerce shall carry out a program to award prizes 
competitively to stimulate research and development of creative 
technologies to support the deployment of affordable and reliable 
broadband connectivity in rural communities, including unserved rural 
communities.
    (b) Plan for Deployment in Rural Communities.--Each proposal 
submitted pursuant to subsection (a) shall include a proposed plan for 
deployment of the technology that is the subject of such proposal.
    (c) Prize Amount.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Secretary may award not more than a total of $5,000,000 to one 
or more winners of the prize competition.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date on which a prize 
is awarded under the prize competition, the Secretary shall submit to 
the relevant committees of Congress a report that describes the winning 
proposal of the prize competition.
    (e) Consultation.--In carrying out the program under this section, 
the Secretary shall consult with the Federal Communications Commission 
and the heads of relevant departments and agencies of the Federal 
Government.

                    Subtitle C--MSI STEM Achievement

SEC. 10521. GAO REVIEW.
    Not later than three years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall report to 
Congress--
        (1) an inventory of competitive funding programs and 
    initiatives carried out by Federal research agencies that are 
    targeted to HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs or partnerships with HBCUs, TCUs, 
    and MSIs;
        (2) an assessment of Federal research agency outreach 
    activities to increase the participation and competitiveness of 
    HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs in the funding programs and initiatives 
    identified in paragraph (1); and
        (3) recommendations of the Comptroller General to increase the 
    participation of and the rate of success of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs 
    in competitive funding programs offered by Federal research 
    agencies.
SEC. 10522. AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.
    (a) In General.--In consultation with outside stakeholders and the 
heads of Federal research agencies and the Interagency Working Group on 
Inclusion in STEM, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall develop a uniform set of policy guidelines for Federal 
research agencies to carry out a sustained program of outreach 
activities to increase clarity, transparency, and accountability for 
Federal research agency investments in STEM education and research 
activities at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs, including such institutions in 
rural areas.
    (b) Outreach Activities.--In developing policy guidelines under 
subsection (a) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall include guidelines that require each Federal research 
agency--
        (1) to designate a liaison for HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs 
    responsible for--
            (A) enhancing direct communication with HBCUs, TCUs, and 
        MSIs to increase the Federal research agency's understanding of 
        the capacity and needs of such institutions and to raise 
        awareness of available Federal funding opportunities at such 
        institutions;
            (B) coordinating programs, activities, and initiatives 
        while accounting for the capacity and needs of HBCUs, TCUs, and 
        MSIs;
            (C) tracking Federal research agency investments in and 
        engagement with HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs; and
            (D) reporting progress toward increasing participation of 
        HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs in award programs;
        (2) to the extent practicable, to produce an annual summary of 
    funding opportunities and proposal deadlines targeted at HBCUs, 
    TCUs, and MSIs, including for grants, contracts, subcontracts, and 
    cooperative agreements;
        (3) to the extent practicable, identifying in annual budget 
    requests potential areas for collaboration with HBCUs, TCUs, and 
    MSIs in the relevant fiscal year, including relating to potential 
    meetings and workshops;
        (4) to investigate proposal structures that support broader 
    participation by emerging research institutions, including HBCUs, 
    TCUs, and MSIs;
        (5) to conduct on-site reviews of research facilities at HBCUs, 
    TCUs, and MSIs, as practicable, and make recommendations regarding 
    strategies for becoming more competitive in research;
        (6) to hold geographically accessible or virtual workshops on 
    research priorities of the Federal research agency and on how to 
    write competitive award proposals and how to bolster award 
    management capacity for the entire award lifecycle, from 
    application to completion;
        (7) to ensure opportunities for HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to 
    directly communicate with Federal research agency officials 
    responsible for managing competitive award programs in order to 
    receive feedback on research ideas and proposals, including 
    guidance on the Federal research agency's merit review process; and
        (8) to foster mutually beneficial public-private collaboration 
    among Federal research agencies, industry, Federal laboratories, 
    academia, and nonprofit organizations to--
            (A) identify alternative sources of funding for STEM 
        education and research at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs;
            (B) provide access to high-quality, relevant research 
        experiences for students and faculty of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs;
            (C) expand the professional networks of students and 
        faculty of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs;
            (D) broaden STEM educational opportunities for students and 
        faculty of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs; and
            (E) support the transition of students of HBCUs, TCUs, and 
        MSIs into the STEM workforce;
    (c) Strategic Plan.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy, in collaboration with the head of each Federal 
    research agency, shall submit to Congress a report containing a 
    strategic plan which reflects the plans of each Federal research 
    agency to increase the capacity of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to compete 
    effectively for grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements and to 
    encourage HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to participate in Federal programs.
        (2) Considerations.--In developing a strategic plan under 
    paragraph (1), the Director and the head of each Federal research 
    agency shall consider the following:
            (A) Issuing new or expanding existing funding opportunities 
        targeted to HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs.
            (B) Modifying existing research and development program 
        solicitations to incentivize effective partnerships with HBCUs, 
        TCUs, and MSIs.
            (C) Offering planning grants for HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to 
        develop or equip grant offices with the requisite depth of 
        knowledge to submit competitive grant proposals and manage 
        awarded grants.
            (D) Offering additional training programs, including 
        individualized and timely guidance to grant officers, faculty, 
        and postdoctoral researchers at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to ensure 
        their understanding of the requirements for an effective grant 
        proposal.
            (E) Other approaches for making current competitive funding 
        models more accessible for underresourced HBCUs, TCUs, and 
        MSIs.
    (d) Report on Policy Guidelines.--Not later than two years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act and every five years thereafter, 
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
report to Congress on the implementation by Federal research agencies 
of the policy guidelines developed under this section.
    (e) Report on Coordination of Federal STEM Education.--Subsection 
(d) of section 101(d) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 
2010 (42 U.S.C. 6621) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (7) by striking ``and'';
        (2) in paragraph (8) by striking the period at the end;
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(9) an account of Federal research agency investments in 
    HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs, including, to the degree practicable, data 
    on the level of participation of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs as prime 
    recipients, contractors, subrecipients, or subcontractors of an 
    award, or reasonable estimates thereof; and
        ``(10) a description of material changes to the implementation 
    of section 10522 of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act.''.
SEC. 10523. RESEARCH AT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make awards, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations 
(or consortia thereof) to--
        (1) conduct research described in subsection (b) with respect 
    to HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs; and
        (2) identify and broadly disseminate effective models for 
    programs and practices at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs that promote the 
    education and workforce preparation of minority students pursuing 
    STEM studies and careers in which such students are 
    underrepresented.
    (b) Research.--Research described in this subsection is research on 
the contribution of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to the education and training 
of underrepresented minority students in STEM fields and to the meeting 
of national STEM workforce needs, including relating to the following:
        (1) The diversity with respect to local context, cultural 
    differences, and institutional structure among HBCUs, TCUs, and 
    MSIs and any associated impact on education and research endeavors.
        (2) Effective practices at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs and associated 
    outcomes on student recruitment, retention, and advancement in STEM 
    fields, including the ability for students to compete for 
    fellowships, employment, and advancement in the workforce.
        (3) Contributions made by HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to local, 
    regional, and national workforces.
        (4) The challenges and opportunities for HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs 
    in attaining the resources needed for integrating effective 
    practices in STEM education, including providing research 
    experiences for underrepresented minority students.
        (5) The access of students at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs to STEM 
    infrastructure and any associated outcomes for STEM competency.
        (6) Models of STEM curriculum, learning, and teaching 
    successful at HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs for increasing participation, 
    retention, and success of underrepresented minority students.
        (7) Successful or promising partnerships between HBCUs, TCUs, 
    and MSIs and other institutions of higher education, private sector 
    and nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, and 
    international research institutions.
    (c) Research Experiences.--Awards under this section may fund the 
development or expansion of opportunities for the exchange of students 
and faculty to conduct research, facilitate professional development, 
and provide mentorship, including through partnerships with 
institutions of higher education that are not HBCUs, TCUs, or MSIs, 
private sector and nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, and 
international research institutions.
SEC. 10524. CAPACITY-BUILDING PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPING UNIVERSITIES.
    (a) Awards.--
        (1) In general.--The Director shall make awards, on a 
    competitive basis, to eligible institutions described in subsection 
    (b) to support the mission of the Foundation and to build 
    institutional research capacity at eligible institutions.
        (2) Administration.--The Director may administer separate 
    competitions for each category of eligible institution described in 
    subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) in order to 
    ensure fair competition for institutions with significantly 
    different research capacities.
    (b) Eligible Institutions.--To be eligible to receive an award 
under this subsection, an entity--
        (1) shall be--
            (A) a historically Black college or university;
            (B) a Tribal College or University;
            (C) a minority-serving institution;
            (D) an institution of higher education with an established 
        STEM capacity-building program focused on Native Hawaiians and 
        Alaska Natives; or
            (E) consortia thereof;
        (2) shall--
            (A) have not more than $50,000,000 in annual federally 
        financed research and development expenditures for science and 
        engineering as reported through the National Science Foundation 
        Higher Education Research and Development Survey; or
            (B) not be an institution classified as having very high 
        research activity by the Carnegie Classification of 
        Institutions of Higher Education.
    (c) Partnerships.--In making awards under this section, the 
Director shall--
        (1) encourage entities that are consortia of eligible 
    institutions to submit proposals and require such proposals to 
    include a plan for establishing a sustained partnership that is 
    jointly developed and managed, draws from the capacities of each 
    institution, and is mutually beneficial;
        (2) encourage proposals submitted in partnership with the 
    private sector, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, and 
    international research institutions, as appropriate;
        (3) require proposals described in paragraphs (1) and (2) to 
    include a plan to strengthen the administrative and research 
    capacity of the partnering HBCUs, TCUs, or MSIs to lead future 
    proposals.
    (d) Very High Research Activity Status Historically Black Colleges 
and Universities Program.--Awards under this section may be used to 
enable HBCUs which have high research activity status to achieve very 
high research activity status, as classified under the Carnegie 
Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, by enabling--
        (1) faculty professional development;
        (2) stipends for graduate and undergraduate students, and 
    postdoctoral scholars;
        (3) acquisition of laboratory equipment and instrumentation; 
    and
        (4) other activities as necessary to build research capacity.
    (e) Proposals.--To receive an award under this subsection, an 
eligible institution shall submit an application to the Director at 
such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
Director may require, including--
        (1) a plan that describes how the eligible institution will 
    establish or expand research office capacity and how such award 
    would be used to--
            (A) conduct an assessment of capacity-building and research 
        infrastructure needs of an eligible institution;
            (B) enhance institutional resources to provide 
        administrative research development support to faculty at an 
        eligible institution;
            (C) bolster the institutional research competitiveness of 
        an eligible institution to support awards made by the 
        Foundation;
            (D) support the acquisition of instrumentation necessary to 
        build research capacity at an eligible institution in research 
        areas directly associated with the Foundation;
            (E) increase capability of an eligible institution to move 
        technology into the marketplace;
            (F) increase engagement with industry to execute research 
        through the SBIR and STTR programs (as such terms are defined 
        in section 9(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(e)) 
        and direct contracts at an eligible institution;
            (G) enhance STEM curriculum and research training 
        opportunities at the undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral 
        levels at an eligible institution;
            (H) further faculty development initiatives and strengthen 
        institutional research training infrastructure, capacity, and 
        competitiveness of an eligible institution;
            (I) address plans and prospects for long-term 
        sustainability of institutional enhancements at an eligible 
        institution resulting from the award including, if applicable, 
        how the award may be leveraged by an eligible institution to 
        build a broader base of support; and
            (J) develop and implement mechanisms for institutions of 
        higher education to partner with HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs on STEM 
        education, including the facilitation of student exchanges, 
        course and resource sharing, collaboration, and matriculation 
        of students to either institution's graduate programs, 
        mentoring programs for students and junior faculty, joint 
        research projects, and student access to graduate education; 
        and
        (2) as relevant, a plan, which shall be updated every three 
    years, that describes the institution's strategy to achieve very 
    high research activity status, including making investments with 
    institutional and non-Federal funds, to achieve that status within 
    a decade of the grant award, to the extent practicable.
    (f) MSI Centers of Innovation.--Awards under this section may fund 
the establishment of not more than five MSI Centers of Innovation to 
leverage successes of HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs in STEM education and 
research training of underrepresented minority students as models for 
other institutions, including both HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs and 
institutions of higher education that are not HBCUs, TCUs, or MSIs. 
Such centers will be located on campuses of selected HBCUs, TCUs, or 
MSIs, and serve as incubators to allow institutions of higher education 
to experiment, pilot, evaluate, and scale up promising practices.
    (g) Awards.--Awards made under this subsection shall be for periods 
of three years and may be extended for periods of not more than five 
years.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Director $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2023 and 
$250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2027 to carry out 
the activities in this section and section 10523.
    (i) Report on Improving the Research Capacity at High Research 
Activity Historically Black Colleges and Universities.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the National Science and Technology Council 
    shall prepare and submit a report that--
            (A) identifies challenges and barriers to Federal research 
        and development awards for high research activity status HBCUs; 
        and
            (B) identifies recommendations for Federal research 
        agencies to sustainably boost the research capacity of high 
        research activity status HBCUs through awards-making 
        authorities.
        (2) Report submission.--The National Science and Technology 
    Council shall transmit the report required under paragraph (1) to 
    the Director, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 
    Space Administration, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary 
    of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the 
    Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other such 
    agencies as determined relevant by the National Science and 
    Technology Council.
        (3) Information from federal agencies.--The National Science 
    and Technology Council may secure directly from a Federal 
    department or agency such information as the National Science and 
    Technology Council considers necessary to prepare the report 
    required under paragraph (1). Upon a request from the National 
    Science and Technology Council, the head of a Federal department or 
    agency shall furnish such information as is requested to the 
    National Science and Technology Council.
SEC. 10525. TRIBAL COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PROGRAM.
    (a) Awards to Broaden Tribal College and University Student 
Participation in Computer Science.--Section 525 of the America COMPETES 
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-13) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Awards to Broaden Tribal College and University Student 
Participation in Computer Science.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director, as part of the program 
    authorized under this section, shall make awards on a competitive, 
    merit-reviewed basis to eligible entities to increase the 
    participation of Tribal populations in computer science and 
    computational thinking education programs to enable students to 
    develop skills and competencies in coding, problem-solving, 
    critical thinking, creativity and collaboration.
        ``(2) Purpose.--Awards made under this subsection shall 
    support--
            ``(A) research and development needed to bring computer 
        science and computational thinking courses and degrees to 
        Tribal Colleges or Universities;
            ``(B) research and development of instructional materials 
        needed to integrate computer science and computational thinking 
        into programs that are culturally relevant to students 
        attending Tribal Colleges or Universities;
            ``(C) research, development and evaluation of distance 
        education for computer science and computational thinking 
        courses and degree programs for students attending Tribal 
        Colleges and Universities; and
            ``(D) other activities consistent with the activities 
        described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b), as 
        determined by the Director.
        ``(3) Partnerships.--A Tribal College or University seeking an 
    award under this subsection, or consortia thereof, may partner with 
    an institution of higher education or nonprofit organization with 
    demonstrated expertise in academic program development.
        ``(4) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
    Director shall consult and cooperate with the programs and policies 
    of other relevant Federal agencies to avoid duplication with and 
    enhance the effectiveness of the program under this subsection.
        ``(5) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated to the Director $2,000,000 in each of fiscal years 
    2023 through 2027 to carry out this subsection.''.
    (b) Evaluation.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Director shall evaluate the award 
    program authorized under section 525 of the America COMPETES 
    Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-13), as amended by 
    subsection (a).
        (2) Requirements.--In conducting the evaluation under paragraph 
    (1), the Director shall, as practicable--
            (A) use a common set of benchmarks and assessment tools to 
        identify best practices and materials developed or demonstrated 
        by the research conducted pursuant to award programs under 
        section 525 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 
        (42 U.S.C. 1862p-13), as amended by subsection (a);
            (B) include an assessment of the effectiveness of such 
        award programs in expanding access to high quality STEM 
        education, research, and outreach at Tribal Colleges or 
        Universities, as applicable;
            (C) assess the number of students who participated in such 
        award programs; and
            (D) assess the percentage of students participating in such 
        award programs who successfully complete their education 
        programs.
        (3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
    the evaluation under paragraph (1) is completed, the Director shall 
    submit to Congress and make available to the public, a report on 
    the results of the evaluation, including any recommendations for 
    legislative action that could optimize the effectiveness of the 
    award program authorized under section 525 of the America COMPETES 
    Reauthorization Act of 2010, as amended by subsection (a).
SEC. 10526. DEFINITIONS.
    In this subtitle:
        (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
    National Science Foundation.
        (2) HBCU.--The term ``HBCU'' has the meaning given the term 
    ``part B institution'' in section 322 of the Higher Education Act 
    of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
        (3) Minority serving institution.--The term ``minority serving 
    institution'' or ``MSI'' means Hispanic-Serving Institutions as 
    defined in section 502 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
    U.S.C. 1101a); Alaska Native Serving Institutions and Native 
    Hawaiian-Serving Institutions as defined in section 317 of the 
    Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d); and Predominantly 
    Black Institutions, Asian American and Native American Pacific 
    Islander-Serving Institutions, and Native American-Serving 
    Nontribal Institutions as defined in section 371 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(c)).
        (4) TCU.--The term ``TCU'' has the meaning given the term 
    ``Tribal College or University'' in section 316 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).

           Subtitle D--Combating Sexual Harassment in Science

SEC. 10531. FINDINGS.
    Congress makes the following findings:
        (1) According to the report issued by the National Academies of 
    Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2018 entitled ``Sexual 
    Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic 
    Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine''--
            (A) sexual harassment is pervasive in institutions of 
        higher education;
            (B) the most common type of sexual harassment is gender 
        harassment;
            (C) 58 percent of individuals in the academic workplace 
        experience sexual harassment, the second highest rate when 
        compared to the military, the private sector, and Federal, 
        State, and local government;
            (D) women who are members of racial or ethnic minority 
        groups are more likely to experience sexual harassment and to 
        feel unsafe at work than White women, White men, or men who are 
        members of such groups;
            (E) the training for each individual who has a Doctor of 
        Philosophy in the science, technology, engineering, and 
        mathematics fields is estimated to cost approximately $500,000; 
        and
            (F) attrition of an individual so trained results in a loss 
        of talent and money.
        (2) According to a 2017 University of Illinois study, among 
    astronomers and planetary scientists, 18 percent of women who are 
    members of racial or ethnic minority groups and 12 percent of White 
    women skipped professional events because they did not feel safe 
    attending.
        (3) Reporting procedures with respect to sexual harassment are 
    inconsistent among Federal research agencies and have varying 
    degrees of accessibility.
        (4) There is not adequate communication among Federal research 
    agencies and between such agencies and recipients regarding reports 
    of sexual harassment, which has resulted in harassers receiving 
    Federal funding after moving to a different institution.
SEC. 10532. PURPOSE.
    The purpose of this subtitle is to increase understanding of the 
causes and consequences of sex-based and sexual harassment, as 
discussed in the report issued by the National Academies in 2018 
entitled ``Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and 
Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine'', and to 
advance evidence-based approaches to reduce the prevalence and negative 
impact of such harassment.
SEC. 10533. DEFINITION.
    In this subtitle, the term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
National Science Foundation.
SEC. 10534. RESEARCH AWARDS.
    (a) In General.--The Director shall make awards, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations)--
        (1) to expand research efforts to better understand the factors 
    contributing to, and consequences of, sex-based and sexual 
    harassment affecting individuals in the STEM workforce, including 
    students and trainees; and
        (2) to examine approaches to reduce the incidence and negative 
    consequences of such harassment.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Activities funded by an award under this section 
may include--
        (1) research on the sex-based and sexual harassment experiences 
    of individuals, including in racial and ethnic minority groups, 
    disabled individuals, foreign nationals, sexual-minority 
    individuals, and others;
        (2) development and assessment of policies, procedures, 
    trainings, and interventions, with respect to sex-based and sexual 
    harassment, conflict management, and ways to foster respectful and 
    inclusive climates;
        (3) research on approaches for remediating the negative impacts 
    and outcomes of such harassment on individuals experiencing such 
    harassment;
        (4) support for institutions of higher education or nonprofit 
    organizations to develop, adapt, implement, and assess the impact 
    of innovative, evidence-based strategies, policies, and approaches 
    to policy implementation to prevent and address sex-based and 
    sexual harassment;
        (5) research on alternatives to the power dynamics, 
    hierarchical, and dependent relationships, including but not 
    limited to the mentor-mentee relationship, in academia that have 
    been shown to create higher levels of risk for and lower levels of 
    reporting of sex- based and sexual harassment; and
        (6) establishing a center for the ongoing compilation, 
    management, and analysis of organizational climate survey data.
SEC. 10535. RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT GUIDE.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an agreement with 
the National Academies to update the report entitled ``On Being a 
Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research'' issued by the 
National Academies. The report, as so updated, shall include--
        (1) updated professional standards of conduct in research;
        (2) promising practices for preventing, addressing, and 
    mitigating the negative impact of sex-based and sexual harassment, 
    to include--
            (A) standards of treatment individuals can expect to 
        receive under updated standards of conduct;
            (B) evidence-based practices for fostering a climate 
        intolerant of sex-based, sexual, and other forms of harassment;
            (C) methods, including bystander intervention, for 
        identifying and addressing incidents of such harassment; and
            (D) professional standards for mentorship and teaching with 
        an emphasis on power diffusion mechanisms and preventing such 
        harassment; and
        (3) promising practices for mitigating potential security risks 
    that threaten research security.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the effective date of 
the agreement under subsection (a), the National Academies, as part of 
such agreement, shall submit to the Director and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate the 
report referred to in such subparagraph, as updated pursuant to such 
subparagraph.
SEC. 10536. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.
    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology 
Council, shall establish or designate an interagency working group for 
the purpose of coordinating Federal research agency efforts to reduce 
the prevalence of sex-based and sexual harassment involving award 
personnel. In coordination with the working group on inclusion in STEM 
fields established under section 308 of the American Innovation and 
Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6626) and the Safe Inclusive Research 
Environments Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology 
Council, and in consultation with representatives from each Federal 
research agency, the Office for Civil Rights at the Department of 
Health and Human Services, the Office for Civil Rights at the 
Department of Education, and the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, the working group shall--
        (1) not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of 
    this Act, submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
    Technology, the Committee on Education and Labor, and the Committee 
    on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the 
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the 
    Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate 
    an inventory of Federal research agency policies, procedures, and 
    resources dedicated to preventing and responding to reports of sex-
    based and sexual harassment;
        (2) not later than 6 months after the date on which the 
    inventory is submitted under paragraph (1)--
            (A) in consultation with outside stakeholders, develop a 
        consistent set of policy guidelines for Federal research 
        agencies; and
            (B) submit a report to the committees referred to in 
        paragraph (1) containing such guidelines;
        (3) encourage and monitor efforts of Federal research agencies 
    to develop or maintain and implement policies based on the 
    guidelines developed under paragraph (2);
        (4) not later than 1 year after the date on which the inventory 
    under paragraph (1) is submitted, and every 5 years thereafter, the 
    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
    report to Congress on the implementation by Federal research 
    agencies of the policy guidelines developed under paragraph (2); 
    and
        (5) update such policy guidelines as needed.
    (b) Requirements.--In developing policy guidelines under subsection 
(a)(2), the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
shall include guidelines that require, to the extent practicable--
        (1) recipients to submit to the Federal research agency or 
    agencies from which the recipients receive funding reports relating 
    to--
            (A) any decision made to launch a formal investigation of 
        sex-based or sexual harassment, including bullying, 
        retaliation, or hostile working conditions by, or of, award 
        personnel;
            (B) administrative action, related to an allegation against 
        award personnel of any such harassment, as set forth in 
        organizational policies or codes of conduct, statutes, 
        regulations, or executive orders, that affects the ability of 
        award personnel or their trainees to carry out the activities 
        of the award;
            (C) the total number of investigations with no findings or 
        determinations of misconduct including such harassment;
            (D) findings or determinations of such harassment, as set 
        forth in organizational policies or codes of conduct, statutes, 
        regulations, or Executive orders by, or of, award personnel, 
        including the final disposition of a matter involving a 
        violation of organizational policies and processes, to include 
        the exhaustion of permissible appeals, or a determination of a 
        sexual offense in a court of law, or any other disciplinary 
        action taken;
        (2) the sharing, updating, and archiving of reports of sex- 
    based and sexual harassment from recipients submitted under 
    paragraph (1) with relevant Federal research agencies, on a yearly 
    basis and by agency request; and
        (3) consistency among Federal research agencies with regard to 
    the policies and procedures for receiving reports submitted 
    pursuant to paragraph (1).
        (4) FERPA.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall ensure that such guidelines and 
    requirements are consistent with the requirements of section 444 of 
    the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232g) (commonly 
    referred to as the ``Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 
    1974'').
        (5) Privacy protections.--The Director of the Office of Science 
    and Technology Policy shall ensure that such guidelines and 
    requirements--
            (A) do not infringe upon the privacy rights of individuals 
        associated with reports submitted to Federal research agencies; 
        and
            (B) do not require recipients to provide interim reports to 
        Federal research agencies.
    (c) Considerations.--In carrying out subsection (a)(2), the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall consider 
issuing guidelines that require or incent--
        (1) recipients to periodically assess their organizational 
    climate, which may include the use of climate surveys, focus 
    groups, or exit interviews;
        (2) recipients to publish on a publicly available internet 
    website the results of assessments conducted pursuant to paragraph 
    (1), disaggregated by sex and, if practicable, race, ethnicity, 
    disability status, and sexual orientation, and in a manner that 
    does not include personally identifiable information;
        (3) recipients to make public on an annual basis the number of 
    reports of sex-based and sexual harassment at that institution or 
    organization;
        (4) recipients to regularly assess and improve policies, 
    procedures, and interventions to reduce the prevalence of and 
    improve the reporting of sex-based and sexual harassment;
        (5) each entity applying for a research and development award 
    certify that a code of conduct is in place for maintaining a 
    healthy and welcoming workplace for award personnel and posted on 
    their public website;
        (6) each recipient and Federal research agency to have in place 
    mechanisms for addressing the needs of individuals who have 
    experienced sex-based and sexual harassment, including those 
    individuals seeking to reintegrate at the recipient entity; and
        (7) recipients to work to create a climate intolerant of sex- 
    based and sexual harassment and that values and promotes diversity 
    and inclusion.
    (d) Federal Research Agency Implementation.--Not later than 270 
days after receiving the guidelines under paragraph (a)(2), each 
Federal research agency shall--
        (1) develop or maintain and implement policies with respect to 
    sex-based and sexual harassment that are consistent with policy 
    guidelines under subsection (a)(2) and that protect the privacy of 
    all parties involved in any report and investigation of sex-based 
    or sexual harassment, to the maximum extent practicable; and
        (2) broadly disseminate such policies to current and potential 
    recipients of research and development awards made by such agency.
SEC. 10537. NATIONAL ACADEMIES ASSESSMENT.
    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Director shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies to 
undertake a study and issue a report on the influence of sex-based and 
sexual harassment in institutions of higher education on the career 
advancement of individuals in the STEM workforce. The study shall 
assess--
        (1) the state of research on sex-based and sexual harassment in 
    such workforce;
        (2) whether research demonstrates a decrease in the prevalence 
    of sex-based and sexual harassment in such workforce;
        (3) the progress made with respect to implementing 
    recommendations promulgated in the National Academies consensus 
    study report entitled ``Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, 
    Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and 
    Medicine'';
        (4) where to focus future efforts with respect to decreasing 
    the prevalence of sex-based and sexual harassment in such 
    institutions, including specific recommendations; and
        (5) other recommendations and issues, as the National Academies 
    determines appropriate.
SEC. 10538. GAO STUDY.
    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this 
division, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) complete a study that assesses the degree to which Federal 
    research agencies have implemented the policy guidelines developed 
    under section 10536(a)(2) and the effectiveness of that 
    implementation; and
        (2) submit a report to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
    Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the results 
    of such study, including recommendations on potential changes to 
    practices and policies to improve those guidelines and that 
    implementation.
SEC. 10539. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    There is authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry out 
this subtitle, $32,500,000.

       TITLE VI--MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS
            Subtitle A--Supporting Early-career Researchers

SEC. 10601. EARLY-CAREER RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
may establish a 2-year pilot program to make awards to highly qualified 
early-career investigators to carry out an independent research program 
at the institution of higher education or participating Federal 
research facility chosen by such investigator, to last for a period not 
greater than two years.
    (b) Selection Process.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall select recipients under subsection (a) from among 
citizens, nationals, and lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of 
the United States.
    (c) Outreach.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall conduct program outreach to recruit fellowship applicants--
        (1) from all regions of the country;
        (2) from historically underrepresented populations in the 
    fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; and
        (3) who graduate from or intend to carry out research at a 
    variety of types of institutions of higher education, including--
            (A) historically Black colleges and universities;
            (B) Tribal Colleges and Universities;
            (C) minority-serving institutions;
            (D) institutions of higher education that are not among the 
        top 50 institutions in annual Federal funding for research; and
            (E) EPSCoR institutions.
    (d) Special Consideration.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall give special consideration and priority to an 
application from an individual who graduated from or is intending to 
carry out research at an institution of the type specified in 
subsection (c)(3).
    (e) Reports From Fellows.--Not later than 180 days after the end of 
the pilot program under this section, each early-career investigator 
who receives an award under the pilot program shall submit to the 
Director of the National Science Foundation a report that describes how 
the early-career investigator used the award funds.
    (f) Report From the Director.--Not later than 90 days after the 
conclusion of the second year of the pilot program, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall submit to Congress a report that 
includes the following:
        (1) A summary of the uses of award funds under this section and 
    the impact of the pilot program under this section.
        (2) Statistical summary data on fellowship awardees 
    disaggregated by race, ethnicity, sex, geography, age, years since 
    completion of doctoral degree, and institution type.
        (3) If determined effective, a plan for permanent 
    implementation of the pilot program.
SEC. 10602. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
     There is authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the 
National Science Foundation $250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2024 to carry out the activities in this subtitle.

          Subtitle B--National Science and Technology Strategy

SEC. 10611. NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY.
    Section 206 of the National Science and Technology Policy, 
Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6615) is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``SEC. 206. NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY.
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than December 31 of the year 
immediately after the calendar year in which a review under section 
206B is completed, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall, in coordination with the National Science and Technology 
Council, develop and submit to Congress a comprehensive national 
science and technology strategy of the United States to meet national 
research and development objectives for the following 4-year period (in 
this section referred to as `the national science and technology 
strategy').
    ``(b) Requirements.--In developing each national science and 
technology strategy described in subsection (a), the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy shall--
        ``(1) consider--
            ``(A) the recommendations and priorities developed by the 
        review under section 206B;
            ``(B) the most recently published interim or final national 
        security strategy report submitted pursuant to section 108 of 
        the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043);
            ``(C) other relevant national plans, reports, and 
        strategies; and
            ``(D) the strategic plans of relevant Federal departments 
        and agencies; and
        ``(2) include a description of--
            ``(A) strategic objectives and research priorities 
        necessary to maintain and advance--
                ``(i) the leadership of the United States in science 
            and technology, including in the key technology focus 
            areas, including near-term, medium-term, and long-term 
            economic competitiveness; and
                ``(ii) the leadership of the United States in 
            technologies required to address societal and national 
            challenges, including a transition to a circular economy;
            ``(B) programs, policies, and activities that the President 
        recommends across all Federal departments and agencies to 
        achieve the strategic objectives and research priorities 
        described in subparagraph (A);
            ``(C) plans to promote sustainability practices and 
        strategies for increasing jobs in the United States;
            ``(D) global trends in science and technology, including 
        potential threats to the leadership of the United States in 
        science and technology and opportunities for international 
        collaboration in science and technology; and
            ``(E) plans to foster the development of international 
        partnerships to reinforce domestic policy actions, build new 
        markets, engage in collaborative research, and create an 
        international environment that reflects United States values 
        and protects United States interests.
    ``(c) Consultation.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall consult as necessary with the Office of 
Management and Budget and other appropriate elements of the Executive 
Office of the President to ensure that the recommendations and 
priorities delineated in the science and technology strategy are 
incorporated in the development of annual budget requests.
    ``(d) Bi-Annual Briefing to Congress.--The Director of the Office 
of Science and Technology Policy shall provide on a bi-annual basis, 
after each release of the national science and technology strategy, a 
briefing to the relevant congressional committees, which may include 
updates on the following:
        ``(1) The status and development of the national science and 
    technology strategy, including any significant changes.
        ``(2) The implementation of the national science and technology 
    strategy.
        ``(3) Any other information about the national science and 
    technology strategy, as determined by the Director of the Office of 
    Science and Technology Policy.
    ``(e) Publication.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall, consistent with the protection of national 
security and other sensitive matters to the maximum extent practicable, 
make each national science and technology strategy publicly available 
on an internet website of the Office. Each report may include a 
classified annex if the Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy determines such is appropriate.
    ``(f) Termination.--This section terminates on the date that is ten 
years after the date of the enactment of this section.''.
SEC. 10612. STRATEGY AND REPORT ON THE NATION'S ECONOMIC SECURITY, 
SCIENCE, RESEARCH, AND INNOVATION TO SUPPORT THE NATIONAL SECURITY 
STRATEGY.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Foreign country of concern.--The term ``foreign country of 
    concern'' means the People's Republic of China, the Democratic 
    People's Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, the Islamic 
    Republic of Iran, or any other country determined to be a country 
    of concern by the Department of State.
        (2) Foreign entity of concern.--The term ``foreign entity of 
    concern'' means a foreign entity that is--
            (A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the 
        Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));
            (B) included on the list of specially designated nationals 
        and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets 
        Control of the Department of the Treasury (commonly known as 
        the SDN list);
            (C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction 
        or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a 
        covered nation (as such term is defined in section 4872 of 
        title 10, United States Code);
            (D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved 
        in activities for which a conviction was obtained under--
                (i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code 
            (commonly known as the Espionage Act);
                (ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States 
            Code;
                (iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code 
            (commonly known as the Economic Espionage Act of 1996);
                (iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
            seq.);
                (v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic 
            Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 
            2284);
                (vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 
            4801 et seq.); or
                (vii) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 
            (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or
            (E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of 
        National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized conduct 
        that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy 
        of the United States.
        (3) National security strategy.--The term ``national security 
    strategy'' means the national security strategy required under 
    section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043).
    (b) Strategy and Report.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the transmission 
    of each national security strategy under section 108(a) of the 
    National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3043(a)), the President, 
    acting through the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
    Policy, shall, in coordination with the National Science and 
    Technology Council, the National Security Council, the Director of 
    the National Economic Council, and the heads of such other relevant 
    Federal agencies as the Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy considers appropriate and in consultation with 
    such nongovernmental partners as the Director of the Office of 
    Science and Technology Policy considers appropriate--
            (A) review such strategy, including the national defense 
        strategy under subsection (g) of section 113 of title 10, 
        United States Code, and the national science and technology 
        strategy under section 206 of the National Science and 
        Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 
        U.S.C. 6615), programs, and resources as the Director of the 
        Office of Science and Technology Policy determines pertain to 
        United States' national competitiveness in science, technology, 
        research, innovation, and technology transfer activities, 
        including patenting and licensing, that support the national 
        security strategy;
            (B) develop or revise a national strategy to improve the 
        national competitiveness of United States science, technology, 
        research, and innovation to support the national security 
        strategy; and
            (C) submit to Congress--
                (i) a report on the findings of the Director of the 
            Office of Science and Technology Policy with respect to the 
            review conducted pursuant to subparagraph (A); and
                (ii) the strategy developed or revised pursuant to 
            subparagraph (B).
        (2) Termination.--This subsection terminates on the date that 
    is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (c) Elements.--
        (1) Report.--Each report submitted under subsection 
    (b)(1)(C)(i) shall include the following:
            (A) An assessment of the efforts of the United States 
        Government to preserve United States leadership in key emerging 
        technologies and prevent United States strategic competitors 
        from leveraging advanced technologies to gain strategic 
        military or economic advantages over the United States.
            (B) An assessment of public and private investment in 
        science and technology relevant to national security purposes, 
        and the implications of such for the geostrategic position of 
        the United States.
            (C) A description of the prioritized economic security 
        interests and objectives.
            (D) An assessment of global trends in science and 
        technology, including potential threats to the national 
        security of the United States in science and technology.
            (E) An assessment of the national debt and its implications 
        for the economic and national security of the United States.
            (F) An assessment of how regional innovation capacity 
        efforts in STEM fields are contributing and could contribute to 
        the national security the United States, including programs run 
        by State and local governments.
            (G) An assessment of the following:
                (i) Workforce needs for competitiveness in technology 
            areas identified in the national security strategy.
                (ii) Any efforts needed to expand pathways into 
            technology fields to achieve the goals of the national 
            security strategy.
            (H) An assessment of barriers to the development, 
        evolution, or competitiveness of start-ups, small and mid-sized 
        business entities, and industries that are critical to national 
        security.
            (I) An assessment of the effectiveness of the Federal 
        Government, federally funded research and development centers, 
        and national laboratories in supporting and promoting the 
        technology commercialization and technology transfer of 
        technologies critical to national security.
            (J) An assessment of manufacturing capacity, logistics, and 
        supply chain dynamics of major export sectors that are critical 
        to national security, including access to a skilled workforce, 
        physical infrastructure, and broadband network infrastructure.
            (K) An assessment of how the Federal Government is 
        increasing the participation of underrepresented populations in 
        science, research, innovation, and manufacturing.
            (L) An assessment of public-private partnerships in 
        technology commercialization in support of national security, 
        including--
                (i) the structure of current defense technology 
            research and commercialization arrangements with regard to 
            public-private partnerships; and
                (ii) the extent to which intellectual property 
            developed with Federal defense funding--

                    (I) is being used to manufacture in the United 
                States rather than in other countries; and
                    (II) is being used by foreign business entities 
                that are majority owned or controlled (as such term is 
                defined in section 800.208 of title 31, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, or a successor regulation), or minority 
                owned greater than 25 percent by--

                        (aa) any governmental organization of a foreign 
                    country of concern; or
                        (bb) any other entity that is--
                            (AA) known to be owned or controlled by any 
                        governmental organization of a foreign country 
                        of concern; or
                            (BB) organized under, or otherwise subject 
                        to, the laws of a foreign country of concern.
            (M) Recommendations to enhance the ability of the Federal 
        Government to recruit into Federal service and retain in such 
        service individuals with critical skills relevant to national 
        security.
            (N) Recommendations for policies to protect United States 
        leadership and the allies of the United States in critical 
        areas relevant to national security through targeted export 
        controls, investment screening, and counterintelligence 
        activities.
            (O) Informed by the interagency process established under 
        section 1758 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018, a 
        technology annex, which may be classified, describing an 
        integrated and enduring approach to the identification, 
        prioritization, development, and fielding of emerging 
        technologies relevant to national security.
        (2) Strategy.--Each strategy submitted under subsection 
    (b)(1)(C)(ii) shall, to the extent practicable, include the 
    following:
            (A) A plan to utilize available tools to address or 
        minimize the leading threats and challenges and to take 
        advantage of the leading opportunities, particularly in regards 
        to technologies central to international competition in science 
        and technology relevant to national security purposes, 
        including the following:
                (i) Specific objectives, tasks, metrics, and milestones 
            for each relevant Federal agency.
                (ii) Strategic objectives and priorities necessary to 
            maintain the leadership of the United States in science and 
            technology relevant to national security purposes, 
            including near-term, medium-term, and long-term research 
            priorities.
                (iii) Specific plans to safeguard research and 
            technology funded, as appropriate, in whole or in part, by 
            the Federal Government, including in technologies critical 
            to national security, from theft or exfiltration by foreign 
            entities of concern.
                (iv) Specific plans to support public and private 
            sector investment in research, technology development, 
            education and workforce development, and domestic 
            manufacturing supportive of the national security of the 
            United States and to foster the use of public-private 
            partnerships.
                (v) A description of the following:

                    (I) How the strategy submitted under subsection 
                (b)(1)(C)(ii) supports the national security strategy.
                    (II) How the strategy submitted under such 
                subsection is integrated and coordinated with the most 
                recent--

                        (aa) national defense strategy under subsection 
                    (g) of section 113 of title 10, United States Code; 
                    and
                        (bb) national science and technology strategy 
                    under section 206 of the National Science and 
                    Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act 
                    of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6615).
                (vi) A plan to encourage the governments of countries 
            that are allies or partners of the United States to 
            cooperate with the execution of such strategy, where 
            appropriate.
                (vii) A plan for strengthening the industrial base of 
            the United States.
                (viii) A plan to remove or update overly burdensome or 
            outdated Federal regulations, as appropriate.
                (ix) A plan--

                    (I) to further incentivize industry participation 
                in public-private partnerships for the purposes of 
                accelerating technology research and commercialization 
                in support of national security, including alternate 
                ways of accounting for in-kind contributions and 
                valuing partially manufactured products;
                    (II) to ensure that intellectual property developed 
                with Federal funding is commercialized in the United 
                States; and
                    (III) to ensure, to the maximum appropriate extent, 
                that intellectual property developed with Federal 
                funding is not being used by foreign business entities 
                that are majority owned or controlled (as such term is 
                defined in section 800.208 of title 31, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, or a successor regulation), or minority 
                owned greater than 25 percent by--

                        (aa) any governmental organization of a foreign 
                    country of concern; or
                        (bb) any other entity that is--
                            (AA) known to be owned or controlled by any 
                        governmental organization of a foreign country 
                        of concern; or
                            (BB) organized under, or otherwise subject 
                        to, the laws of a foreign country of concern.
                (x) An identification of additional resources, 
            administrative action, or legislative action recommended to 
            assist with the implementation of such strategy.
    (d) Research and Development Funding.--The Director of the Office 
of Science and Technology Policy shall, as the Director of the Office 
of Science and Technology Policy considers necessary, consult with the 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget and with the heads of 
such other elements of the Executive Office of the President as the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy considers 
appropriate to ensure the recommendations and priorities with respect 
to research and development funding relevant to national security, as 
expressed in the most recent report and strategy submitted under 
subsection (b)(1)(C) are incorporated into the development of annual 
budget requests for Federal research agencies.
    (e) Publication.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall, consistent with the protection of national 
security and other sensitive matters and to the maximum extent 
practicable, make each report submitted under subsection (b)(1)(C)(i) 
publicly available on an internet website of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy. Each such report may include a classified annex if 
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy determines 
such is appropriate.
SEC. 10613. QUADRENNIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.
    The National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and 
Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6601 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 206 the following new section:
``SEC. 206B. QUADRENNIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.
    ``(a) Requirements.--
        ``(1) Quadrennial reviews required.--Not later than December 
    31, 2023, and every four years thereafter, the Director of the 
    Office of Science and Technology Policy shall complete a review of 
    the science and technology enterprise of the United States (in this 
    section referred to as the `quadrennial science and technology 
    review').
        ``(2) Scope.--The quadrennial science and technology review 
    shall be a comprehensive examination of the science and technology 
    strategy of the United States, including recommendations for 
    maintaining global leadership in science and technology and 
    advancing science and technology to address the societal and 
    national challenges and guidance regarding the coordination of 
    programs, assets, capabilities, budget, policies, and authorities 
    across all Federal research and development programs.
        ``(3) Consultation.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall conduct each quadrennial science and 
    technology review in consultation with the following:
            ``(A) The National Science and Technology Council.
            ``(B) The President's Council of Advisors on Science and 
        Technology.
            ``(C) The National Science Board.
            ``(D) The National Security Council.
            ``(E) The heads of other relevant Federal agencies.
            ``(F) Other relevant governmental and nongovernmental 
        entities, including representatives from industry, institutions 
        of higher education, nonprofit organizations, Members of 
        Congress, and other policy experts.
        ``(4) Coordination.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall ensure that each quadrennial science and 
    technology review is coordinated with other relevant statutorily 
    required reviews, and to the maximum extent practicable 
    incorporates information and recommendations from existing reviews 
    to avoid duplication.
    ``(b) Contents.--In each quadrennial science and technology review, 
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall--
        ``(1) provide an integrated view of, and recommendations for, 
    science and technology policy across the Federal Government, while 
    considering economic and national security and other societal and 
    national challenges;
        ``(2) assess and recommend priorities for research, 
    development, and demonstration programs to maintain United States 
    leadership in science and technology, including in manufacturing 
    and industrial innovation;
        ``(3) assess and recommend priorities for research, 
    development, and demonstration programs to address societal and 
    national challenges;
        ``(4) assess the global competition in science and technology 
    and identify potential threats to the leadership of the United 
    States in science and technology and opportunities for 
    international collaboration;
        ``(5) assess and make recommendations on the science, 
    technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science 
    workforce of the United States;
        ``(6) assess and make recommendations to improve regional 
    innovation across the United States;
        ``(7) identify and assess sectors critical for the long-term 
    resilience of United States innovation leadership across design, 
    manufacturing, supply chains, and markets;
        ``(8) assess and make recommendations to improve translation of 
    basic and applied research and the enhancement of technology 
    transfer of federally funded research;
        ``(9) identify, assess, and make recommendations to address 
    science and technology gaps that would not be met without Federal 
    investment;
        ``(10) review administrative and legislative policies and 
    funding opportunities that affect private sector science and 
    technology activities, and identify and make recommendations 
    regarding policies that maintain and grow the participation and 
    competitiveness of small- and medium-sized businesses;
        ``(11) assess and identify the infrastructure and tools needed 
    to maintain the leadership of the United States in science and 
    technology and address other societal and national challenges; and
        ``(12) review administrative or legislative policies that 
    affect the science and technology enterprise and identify and make 
    recommendations regarding policies that hinder research and 
    development in the United States.
    ``(c) Reporting.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than December 31 of the year in 
    which a quadrennial science and technology review is conducted, the 
    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
    submit to Congress a report relating to such review.
        ``(2) Publication.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall, consistent with the protection of national 
    security and other sensitive matters to the maximum extent 
    practicable, make each report submitted under paragraph (1) 
    publicly available on an internet website of the Office of Science 
    and Technology Policy. Each report may include a classified annex 
    if the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
    determines such appropriate.
    ``(d) Termination.--This section shall terminate on the date that 
is ten years after the date of the enactment of this section.''.

                    Subtitle C--Regional Innovation

SEC. 10621. REGIONAL INNOVATION CAPACITY.
    (a) In General.--The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (Public Law 96-480; 15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating section 28 as section 30; and
        (2) by inserting after section 27 the following:
  ``SEC. 28. REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION HUB PROGRAM.
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
    `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
            ``(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation, the Committee on Environment and Public Works, 
        and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
            ``(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and 
        the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives.
        ``(2) Cooperative extension services.--The term `cooperative 
    extension services' has the meaning given the term in section 1404 
    of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103).
        ``(3) Site connectivity infrastructure.--The term `site 
    connectivity infrastructure' means localized driveways and access 
    roads to a facility as well as hookups to the new facility for 
    drinking water, waste water, broadband, and other basic 
    infrastructure services already present in the area.
        ``(4) Venture development organization.--The term `venture 
    development organization' has the meaning given such term in 
    section 27(a) of the Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
    3722(a)).
        ``(5) Community development financial institution.--The term 
    `community development financial institution' has the meaning given 
    in section 103 of the Community Development Banking and Financial 
    Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4702).
        ``(6) Minority depository institution.--The term `minority 
    depository institution' means an entity that is--
            ``(A) a minority depository institution, as defined in 
        section 308 of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and 
        Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. 1463 note); or
            ``(B) considered to be a minority depository institution 
        by--
                ``(i) the appropriate Federal banking agency; or
                ``(ii) the National Credit Union Administration, in the 
            case of an insured credit union.
        ``(7) Low population state.--The term `low population State' 
    means a State without an urbanized area with a population greater 
    than 250,000 as reported in the decennial census.
        ``(8) Small and rural communities.--The term `small and rural 
    community' means a noncore area, a micropolitan area, or a small 
    metropolitan statistical area with a population of not more than 
    250,000.
    ``(b) Regional Technology and Innovation Hub Program.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
    appropriations, the Secretary shall carry out a program--
            ``(A) to encourage new and constructive collaborations 
        among local, State, Tribal, and Federal government entities, 
        institutions of higher education, the private sector, economic 
        development organizations, labor organizations, nonprofit 
        organizations, and community organizations that promote broad-
        based regional innovation initiatives;
            ``(B) to support eligible consortia in the development and 
        implementation of regional innovation strategies;
            ``(C) to designate eligible consortia as regional 
        technology and innovation hubs and facilitate activities by 
        consortia designated as regional technology and innovation hubs 
        in implementing their regional innovation strategies--
                ``(i) to enable United States leadership in technology 
            and innovation sectors critical to national and economic 
            security;
                ``(ii) to support regional economic development and 
            resilience, including in small cities and rural areas, and 
            promote increased geographic diversity of innovation across 
            the United States;
                ``(iii) to promote the benefits of technology 
            development and innovation for all Americans, including 
            underserved communities and vulnerable communities;
                ``(iv) to support the modernization and expansion of 
            United States manufacturing based on advances in technology 
            and innovation;
                ``(v) to support domestic job creation and broad-based 
            economic growth; and
                ``(vi) to improve the pace of market readiness, 
            industry maturation, and overall commercialization and 
            domestic production of innovative research;
            ``(D) to ensure that the regional technology and innovation 
        hubs address the intersection of emerging technologies and 
        either regional challenges or national challenges; and
            ``(E) to conduct ongoing research, evaluation, analysis, 
        and dissemination of best practices for regional development 
        and competitiveness in technology and innovation.
        ``(2) Awards.--The Secretary shall carry out the program 
    required by paragraph (1) through the award of the following:
            ``(A) Strategy development grants or cooperative agreements 
        to eligible consortia under subsection (e).
            ``(B) Strategy implementation grants or cooperative 
        agreements to regional technology and innovation hubs under 
        subsection (f).
        ``(3) Administration.--The Secretary shall carry out this 
    section through the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Economic 
    Development in coordination with the Under Secretary of Commerce 
    for Standards and Technology.
    ``(c) Eligible Consortia.--For purposes of this section, an 
eligible consortium is a consortium that--
        ``(1) includes 1 or more of each of the following--
            ``(A) institutions of higher education, which may include 
        Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges 
        or Universities, and minority-serving institutions;
            ``(B) State, territorial, local, or Tribal governments or 
        other political subdivisions of a State, including State and 
        local agencies, or a consortium thereof;
            ``(C) industry or firms in relevant technology, innovation, 
        or manufacturing sectors;
            ``(D) economic development organizations or similar 
        entities that are focused primarily on improving science, 
        technology, innovation, entrepreneurship, or access to capital; 
        and
            ``(E) labor organizations or workforce training 
        organizations, which may include State and local workforce 
        development boards as established under sections 101 and 107 of 
        the Workforce Investment and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3111; 
        3122); and
        ``(2) may include 1 or more--
            ``(A) economic development entities with relevant 
        expertise, including a district organization (as defined in 
        section 300.3 of title 13, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
        successor regulation);
            ``(B) organizations that contribute to increasing the 
        participation of underserved populations in science, 
        technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship;
            ``(C) venture development organizations;
            ``(D) organizations that promote local economic stability, 
        high-wage domestic jobs, and broad-based economic 
        opportunities, such as employee ownership membership 
        associations and State or local employee ownerships and 
        cooperative development centers, financial institutions and 
        investment funds, including community development financial 
        institutions and minority depository institutions;
            ``(E) elementary schools and secondary schools, including 
        area career and technical education schools (as defined in 
        section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education 
        Act of 2006 (29 U.S.C. 2302);
            ``(F) National Laboratories (as defined in section 2 of the 
        Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801));
            ``(G) Federal laboratories;
            ``(H) Manufacturing extension centers;
            ``(I) Manufacturing USA institutes;
            ``(J) transportation planning organizations;
            ``(K) a cooperative extension services;
            ``(L) organizations that represent the perspectives of 
        underserved communities in economic development initiatives; 
        and
            ``(M) institutions receiving an award under section 10388 
        of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation 
        Act.
    ``(d) Designation of Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs.--
        ``(1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (b)(1)(C), the 
    Secretary shall use a competitive, merit-review process to 
    designate eligible consortia as regional technology and innovation 
    hubs.
        ``(2) Distribution.--In conducting the competitive process 
    under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure geographic and 
    demographic diversity in the designation of regional technology 
    hubs by, subject to available appropriations, designating at least 
    20 technology hubs, and--
            ``(A) seeking to designate at least three technology hubs 
        in each region covered by a regional office of the Economic 
        Development Administration, while--
                ``(i) ensuring that not fewer than one-third of 
            eligible consortia so designated as regional technology 
            hubs significantly benefit a small and rural community, 
            which may include a State or territory described in clauses 
            (ii) and (iii);
                ``(ii) ensuring that not fewer than one-third of 
            eligible consortia so designated as regional technology 
            hubs include as a member of the eligible consortia at least 
            1 member that is a State or territory that is eligible to 
            receive funding from the Established Program to Stimulate 
            Competitive Research of the National Science Foundation; 
            and
                ``(iii) ensuring that at least one eligible consortium 
            so designated as a regional technology hub is headquartered 
            in a low population State that is eligible to receive 
            funding from the Established Program to Stimulate 
            Competitive Research of the National Science Foundation;
            ``(B) seeking to designate an additional two regional 
        technology hubs based on selection factors which shall include 
        likelihood of success and may include regional factors such as 
        the extent to which the regional technology and innovation hub 
        significantly engages and benefits underserved communities in 
        and near metropolitan areas;
            ``(C) encouraging eligible consortia to leverage 
        institutions of higher education serving populations 
        historically underrepresented in STEM, including historically 
        Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges or 
        Universities, and minority-serving institutions to 
        significantly benefit an area or region; and
            ``(D) encouraging proposals from eligible consortia that 
        would significantly benefit an area or region whose economy 
        significantly relies on or has recently relied on coal, oil, or 
        natural gas production or development.
        ``(3) Relation to certain grant awards.--The Secretary shall 
    not require an eligible consortium to receive a grant or 
    cooperative agreement under subsection (e) in order to be 
    designated as a regional technology and innovation hub under 
    paragraph (1) of this subsection.
    ``(e) Strategy Development Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall use a competitive, 
    merit-review process to award grants or cooperative agreements to 
    eligible consortia for the development of regional innovation 
    strategies.
        ``(2) Number of recipients.--Subject to availability of 
    appropriations, the Secretary shall seek to award a grant or 
    cooperative agreement under paragraph (1) to not fewer than 60 
    eligible consortia.
        ``(3) Geographic diversity and representation.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out paragraph 
        (1) in a manner that ensures geographic diversity and 
        representation from communities of differing populations.
            ``(B) Awards to small and rural communities.--In carrying 
        out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                ``(i) award not fewer than one-third of the grants and 
            cooperative agreements under such paragraph to eligible 
            consortia that significantly benefit a small and rural 
            community, which may include a State described in clause 
            (ii); and
                ``(ii) award not fewer than one-third of the grants and 
            cooperative agreements under such paragraph to eligible 
            consortia that include as a member of the eligible 
            consortia at least 1 member that is a State or territory 
            that is eligible to receive funding from the Established 
            Program to Stimulate Competitive Research of the National 
            Science Foundation.
        ``(4) Use of funds.--
            ``(A) Use of funds under this grant shall include--
                ``(i) coordination of a locally defined planning 
            processes, across jurisdictions and agencies, relating to 
            developing a comprehensive regional technology strategy;
                ``(ii) identification of regional partnerships for 
            developing and implementing a comprehensive regional 
            technology strategy;
                ``(iii) implementation or updating of assessments to 
            determine regional needs and capabilities;
                ``(iv) development or updating of goals and strategies 
            to implement an existing comprehensive regional plan;
                ``(v) identification or implementation of planning and 
            local zoning and other code changes necessary to implement 
            a comprehensive regional technology strategy; and
                ``(vi) development of plans for promoting broad-based 
            economic growth in a region.
            ``(B) Use of funds under this grant may include the 
        formation of a workforce development strategy, according to the 
        needs for a skilled and technical workforce at all skill and 
        degree levels in the region proposed to be served by the 
        eligible consortia. Any workforce development strategy 
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) should include--
                ``(i) how the eligible consortia will develop, offer, 
            or improve educational or career training programs and 
            curriculum for a skilled and technical workforce;
                ``(ii) the extent to which such programs developed and 
            offered by the eligible consortia will meet the educational 
            or career training needs of a skilled and technical 
            workforce in the region to be served;
                ``(iii) how the eligible consortia will provide 
            facilities for students to receive training under such 
            programs developed and offered by the eligible consortia; 
            and
                ``(iv) how the eligible consortia will enhance outreach 
            and recruitment for such programs developed and offered by 
            the eligible consortia to populations underrepresented in 
            STEM.
        ``(5) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of an 
    effort carried out using a grant or cooperative agreement awarded 
    under this subsection may not exceed 80 percent--
            ``(A) where in-kind contributions may be used for all or 
        part of the non-Federal share, but Federal funding from other 
        government sources may not count towards the non-Federal share;
            ``(B) except in the case of an eligible consortium that 
        represents all or part of a small and rural or other 
        underserved community, the Federal share may be up to 90 
        percent of the total cost, subject to subparagraph (A); and
            ``(C) except in the case of an eligible consortium that is 
        led by a Tribal government, the Federal share may be up to 100 
        percent of the total cost of the project.
    ``(f) Strategy Implementation Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall use a competitive, 
    merit-review process to award grants or cooperative agreements to 
    regional technology and innovation hubs for the implementation of 
    regional innovation strategies, including regional strategies for 
    infrastructure and site development, in support of the regional 
    innovation and technology and innovation hub's plans and programs. 
    The Secretary should determine the size and number of awards based 
    on appropriations available to ensure the success of regional 
    technology and innovation hubs as outlined in subsection (h).
        ``(2) Use of funds.--Grants or cooperative agreements awarded 
    under paragraph (1) to a regional technology and innovation hub may 
    be used by the regional technology and innovation hub to support 
    any of the following activities, consistent with the most current 
    regional innovation strategy of the regional technology and 
    innovation hub, which may have been developed with or without 
    financial assistance received under subsection (e) of this section:
            ``(A) Workforce development activities.--Workforce 
        development activities including activities relating to the 
        following:
                ``(i) The creation of partnerships between industry, 
            workforce, nonprofit, and educational institutions, which 
            may include community colleges, to create and align 
            technical training and educational programs, including for 
            a skilled technical workforce.
                ``(ii) The design, development, and updating of 
            educational and training curriculum and programs, including 
            training of trainers, teachers, or instructors tied to 
            demonstrated regional skilled and technical workforce 
            needs.
                ``(iii) The procurement of facilities and equipment, as 
            required to train a skilled and technical workforce.
                ``(iv) The development and execution of programs, 
            including traineeships and apprenticeships, to rapidly 
            provide training and award certificates or credentials 
            recognized by regional industries or other organizations.
                ``(v) The matching of regional employers with a 
            potential new entrant, underemployed, underrepresented, 
            reentering, or incumbent workforce, as well as the securing 
            of commitments from employers to hire workers who 
            successfully complete training programs, or who are awarded 
            certificates or credentials.
                ``(vi) The expansion of successful training programs at 
            a scale required by the region served by the regional 
            technology and innovation hub, including through the use of 
            online education and mentoring.
                ``(vii) The development and expansion of programs with 
            the goal of increasing the participation of persons 
            historically underrepresented in STEM and manufacturing in 
            the workforce development plans of the regional technology 
            and innovation hub.
                ``(viii) The provision of support services for 
            attendees of training programs developed, updated, or 
            expanded pursuant to this subsection, including career 
            counseling.
                ``(ix) The implementation of outreach and recruitment 
            for training programs developed, updated, or expanded 
            pursuant to this subsection, particularly at local 
            educational institutions, including high schools and 
            community colleges.
            ``(B) Business and entrepreneur development activities.--
        Business and entrepreneur development activities, including 
        activities relating to the following:
                ``(i) The development and growth of local and regional 
            businesses and the training of entrepreneurs, which may 
            include support for the expansion of employee owned 
            businesses and cooperatives.
                ``(ii) The support of technology commercialization, 
            including funding for activities relevant to the protection 
            of intellectual property and for advancing potential 
            ventures such as acceleration, incubation, early-stage 
            production and other relevant programming.
                ``(iii) The development of local and regional capital 
            networks and consortia to attract necessary private funding 
            to businesses and entrepreneurs in the region.
                ``(iv) The development of local and regional networks 
            for business and entrepreneur mentorship.
            ``(C) Technology development and maturation activities.--
        Technology maturation activities, including activities relating 
        to the following:
                ``(i) The development and deployment of technologies in 
            sectors critical to the region served by the regional 
            technology and innovation hub or to national and economic 
            security, including industry-university research 
            cooperation, proof of concept, prototype development, 
            testing, and scale-up for manufacturing.
                ``(ii) The development of programming to support the 
            creation and transfer of intellectual property into private 
            use, such as through startup creation.
                ``(iii) The provision of facilities for technology 
            maturation, including incubators and production testbeds 
            for collaborative development of technologies by private 
            sector, academic, nonprofit, and other entities.
                ``(iv) Activities to provide or ensure access to 
            capital for new business and business expansion, including 
            by attracting new private, public, and philanthropic 
            investment and by establishing local and regional venture 
            and loan funds, community development financial 
            institutions, and minority depository institutions.
            ``(D) Infrastructure-related activities.--The building of 
        facilities and site connectivity infrastructure necessary to 
        carry out activities described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and 
        (C), including activities relating to the following:
                ``(i) Establishing a center with required tools and 
            instrumentation for workforce development.
                ``(ii) Establishing a facility for technology 
            development, demonstration, and testing.
                ``(iii) Establishing collaborative incubators to 
            support technology commercialization and entrepreneur 
            training.
        ``(3) Term.--
            ``(A) Initial performance period.--The term of an initial 
        grant or cooperative agreement awarded under this subsection 
        shall be for a period that the Secretary deems appropriate for 
        the proposed activities but not less than 2 years.
            ``(B) Subsequent performance period.--The Secretary may 
        renew a grant or cooperative agreement awarded to a regional 
        technology and innovation hub under paragraph (1) for such 
        period as the Secretary considers appropriate, if the Secretary 
        determines that the regional technology and innovation hub has 
        made satisfactory progress towards the metrics agreed to under 
        subsection (j).
            ``(C) Flexible approach.--In renewing a grant or 
        cooperative agreement under subparagraph (B), the Secretary and 
        the eligible consortium may agree to new or additional uses of 
        funds in order to meet changes in the needs of the region.
        ``(4) Limitation on amount of awards.--
            ``(A) Initial performance period.--The amount of an initial 
        grant or cooperative agreements awarded to a regional 
        technology and innovation hub under paragraph (3)(A) shall be 
        no more than $150,000,000.
            ``(B) Subsequent performance period.--Upon renewal of a 
        grant or cooperative agreement under paragraph (3)(B), the 
        Secretary may award funding in the amount that the Secretary 
        considers appropriate, ensuring that no single regional 
        technology and innovation hub receives more than 10 percent of 
        the aggregate amount of the grants and cooperative agreements 
        awarded under this subsection.
        ``(5) Matching required.--
            ``(A) Initial performance period.--Except in the case of a 
        regional technology and innovation hub described in 
        subparagraph (C), the total amount of all grants awarded to a 
        regional technology and innovation hub under this subsection in 
        phase one shall not exceed 90 percent of the total operating 
        costs of the regional technology and innovation hub during the 
        initial performance period.
            ``(B) Subsequent performance period.--Except in the case of 
        a regional technology and innovation hub described in 
        subparagraph (C), the total amount of all grants awarded to a 
        regional technology and innovation hub in subsequent 
        performance periods shall not exceed 75 percent of the total 
        operating costs of the regional technology and innovation hub 
        in each year of the grant or cooperative agreement.
            ``(C) Small and rural communities, underserved communities, 
        and indian tribes.--
                ``(i) In general.--The total Federal financial 
            assistance awarded in a given year to a regional technology 
            and innovation hub under this subsection shall not exceed 
            amounts as follows:

                    ``(I) In the case of a regional technology and 
                innovation hub that primarily serves a small and rural 
                community or other underserved community, in a fiscal 
                year, 90 percent of the total funding of the regional 
                technology and innovation hub in that fiscal year.
                    ``(II) In the case of a regional technology and 
                innovation hub that is led by a Tribal government, in a 
                fiscal year, 100 percent of the total funding of the 
                regional technology and innovation hub in that fiscal 
                year.

                ``(ii) Minimum threshold of rural representation.--For 
            purposes of clause (i)(I), the Secretary shall establish a 
            minimum threshold of rural representation in the regional 
            technology and innovation hub.
            ``(D) In-kind contributions.--For purposes of this 
        paragraph, in-kind contributions may be used for part of the 
        non-Federal share of the total funding of a regional technology 
        and innovation hub in a fiscal year.
        ``(6) Grants for infrastructure.--Any grant or cooperative 
    agreement awarded under this subsection to support the construction 
    of facilities and site connectivity infrastructure shall be awarded 
    pursuant to section 201 of the Public Works and Economic 
    Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3141) and subject to the 
    provisions of such Act, except that subsection (b) of such section 
    and sections 204 and 301 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 3144; 3161) shall 
    not apply.
        ``(7) Relation to certain grant awards.--The Secretary shall 
    not require a regional technology and innovation hub to receive a 
    grant or cooperative agreement under subsection (e) in order to 
    receive a grant or cooperative agreement under this subsection.
    ``(g) Applications.--An eligible consortium seeking designation as 
a regional technology and innovation hub under subsection (d) or a 
grant or cooperative agreement under subsection (e) or (f) shall submit 
to the Secretary an application therefore at such time, in such manner, 
and containing such information as the Secretary may specify.
    ``(h) Considerations for Designation and Award of Strategy 
Implementation Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--In selecting an 
eligible consortium that submitted an application under subsection (g) 
for designation under subsection (d) or for a grant or cooperative 
agreement under subsection (f), the Secretary shall consider the 
following:
        ``(1) The potential of the eligible consortium to advance the 
    research, development, deployment, and domestic manufacturing of 
    technologies in a key technology focus area, as described in 
    section 10387 of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act or other technology or innovation sector critical to 
    national security and economic competitiveness.
        ``(2) The likelihood of positive regional economic effect, 
    including increasing the number of high wage domestic jobs, 
    creating new economic opportunities for economically disadvantaged 
    and underrepresented populations, and building and retaining wealth 
    in the region.
        ``(3) How the eligible consortium plans to integrate with and 
    leverage the resources of 1 or more federally funded research and 
    development centers, National Laboratories, Federal laboratories, 
    Manufacturing USA institutes, Hollings Manufacturing Extension 
    Partnership centers, regional innovation engines or translation 
    accelerators established under sections 10388 and 10389 of the 
    Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, test 
    beds established and operated under section 10390 of such Act, or 
    other Federal entities.
        ``(4) How the eligible consortium will engage with the private 
    sector, including small- and medium-sized businesses and 
    cooperatives, and employee-owned businesses and cooperatives, to 
    commercialize new technologies and improve the resiliency and 
    sustainability of domestic supply chains in a key technology focus 
    area, or other technology or innovation sector critical to national 
    security and economic competitiveness.
        ``(5) How the eligible consortium will carry out workforce 
    development and skills acquisition programming, including through 
    partnerships with entities that include State and local workforce 
    development boards, institutions of higher education, including 
    community colleges, historically Black colleges and universities, 
    Tribal Colleges or Universities, and minority-serving institutions, 
    labor organizations, nonprofit organizations, workforce development 
    programs, and other related activities authorized by the Secretary, 
    to support the development of a skilled technical workforce for the 
    regional technology and innovation hub, including key technology 
    focus area or other technology or innovation sector critical to 
    national security and economic competitiveness.
        ``(6) How the eligible consortium will improve or expand 
    science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education 
    programs and opportunities in the identified region in elementary 
    and secondary school and higher education institutions located in 
    the identified region to support the development of a key 
    technology focus area or other technology or innovation sector 
    critical to national security and economic competitiveness.
        ``(7) How the eligible consortium plans to develop partnerships 
    with venture development organizations, community development 
    financial institutions and minority depository institutions, and 
    sources of private investment in support of private sector 
    activity, including launching new or expanding existing companies 
    in a key technology focus area or other technology or innovation 
    sector critical to national security and economic competitiveness.
        ``(8) How the eligible consortium plans to organize the 
    activities of regional partners across sectors in support of a 
    regional technology and innovation hub.
        ``(9) How the eligible consortium considers opportunities to 
    support local and regional businesses through procurement, 
    including from minority-owned and women-owned businesses.
        ``(10) How the eligible consortium will ensure that growth in 
    technology, innovation, and advanced manufacturing sectors produces 
    opportunity across the identified region and for economically 
    disadvantaged, minority, underrepresented and rural populations, 
    including, as appropriate, consideration of how the eligible 
    consortium takes into account the relevant impact of existing 
    regional status and plans or may affect regional goals for 
    affordable housing availability, local and regional transportation, 
    high-speed internet access, and primary and secondary education.
        ``(11) How well the region's education institutions align their 
    activities, including research, educational programs, training, 
    with the proposed areas of focus.
        ``(12) The likelihood efforts served by the consortium will be 
    sustained once Federal support ends.
        ``(13) How the eligible consortium will, as appropriate--
            ``(A) enhance the economic, environmental, and energy 
        security of the United States by promoting domestic 
        development, manufacture, and deployment of innovative clean 
        technologies and advanced manufacturing practices; and
            ``(B) support translational research, technology 
        development, manufacturing innovation, and commercialization 
        activities relating to clean technology.
    ``(i) Coordination and Collaboration.--
        ``(1) Coordination with regional innovation program.--The 
    Secretary shall ensure the activities under this section do not 
    duplicate activities or efforts under section 27.
        ``(2) Coordination among hubs.--The Secretary shall ensure 
    eligible consortia that receive a grant or cooperative agreement 
    under this section coordinate and share best practices for regional 
    economic development.
        ``(3) Coordination with programs of the national institute of 
    standards and technology.--The Secretary shall coordinate the 
    activities of regional technology and innovation hubs designated 
    under this section, the Hollings Manufacturing Extension 
    Partnership, and the Manufacturing USA Program, as the Secretary 
    considers appropriate, to maintain the effectiveness of a 
    manufacturing extension center or a Manufacturing USA institute.
        ``(4) Coordination with department of energy programs.--The 
    Secretary shall, in collaboration with the Secretary of Energy, 
    coordinate the activities and selection of regional technology and 
    innovation hubs designated under this section, as the Secretaries 
    consider appropriate, to maintain the effectiveness of activities 
    at the Department of Energy and the National Laboratories.
        ``(5) Interagency collaboration.--In designating regional 
    technology and innovation hubs under subsection (d) and awarding 
    grants or cooperative agreements under subsection (f), the 
    Secretary--
            ``(A) shall collaborate with Federal departments and 
        agencies whose missions contribute to the goals of the regional 
        technology and innovation hub;
            ``(B) shall consult with the Director of the National 
        Science Foundation for the purpose of ensuring that the 
        regional technology and innovation hubs are aligned with 
        relevant science, technology, and engineering expertise; and
            ``(C) may accept funds from other Federal agencies to 
        support grants, cooperative agreements, and activities under 
        this section.
    ``(j) Performance Measurement, Transparency, and Accountability.--
        ``(1) Metrics, standards, and assessment.--For each grant and 
    cooperative agreement awarded under subsection (f) for a regional 
    technology and innovation hub, the Secretary shall--
            ``(A) in consultation with the regional technology and 
        innovation hub, develop metrics, which may include metrics 
        relating to domestic job creation, patent awards, increases in 
        research funding, business formation and expansion, and 
        participation of individuals or communities historically 
        underrepresented in STEM, to assess the effectiveness of the 
        activities funded in making progress toward the purposes set 
        forth under subsection (b)(1);
            ``(B) establish standards for the performance of the 
        regional technology and innovation hub that are based on the 
        metrics developed under subparagraph (A); and
            ``(C) prior to any award made under a subsequent 
        performance period in subsection (f) and every 2 years 
        thereafter until Federal financial assistance under this 
        section for the regional technology and innovation hub is 
        discontinued, conduct an assessment of the regional technology 
        and innovation hub to confirm whether the performance of the 
        regional technology and innovation hub is meeting the standards 
        for performance established under subparagraph (B) of this 
        paragraph.
        ``(2) Final reports by recipients of strategy implementation 
    grants and cooperative agreements.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall require each 
        eligible consortium that receives a grant or cooperative 
        agreement under subsection (f) for activities of a regional 
        technology and innovation hub, as a condition of receipt of 
        such grant or cooperative agreement, to submit to the 
        Secretary, not later than 120 days after the last day of the 
        term of the grant or cooperative agreement, a report on the 
        activities of the regional technology and innovation hub 
        supported by the grant or cooperative agreement.
            ``(B) Contents of report.--Each report submitted by an 
        eligible consortium under subparagraph (A) shall include the 
        following:
                ``(i) A detailed description of the activities carried 
            out by the regional technology and innovation hub using the 
            grant or cooperative agreement described in subparagraph 
            (A), including the following:

                    ``(I) A description of each project the regional 
                technology and innovation hub completed using such 
                grant or cooperative agreement.
                    ``(II) An explanation of how each project described 
                in subclause (I) achieves a specific goal under this 
                section in the region of the regional technology and 
                innovation hub with respect to--

                        ``(aa) the resiliency and sustainability of a 
                    supply chain;
                        ``(bb) research, development, and deployment of 
                    a critical technology;
                        ``(cc) workforce training and development;
                        ``(dd) domestic job creation;
                        ``(ee) entrepreneurship and company formation;
                        ``(ff) commercialization;
                        ``(gg) access to private capital; or
                        ``(hh) participation of individuals or 
                    communities historically underrepresented in STEM.
                ``(ii) A discussion of any obstacles encountered by the 
            regional technology and innovation hub in the 
            implementation of the regional technology and innovation 
            hub and how the regional technology and innovation hub 
            overcame those obstacles.
                ``(iii) An evaluation of the success of the projects of 
            the regional technology and innovation hub using the 
            performance standards and measures established under 
            paragraph (1), including an evaluation of the planning 
            process and how the project contributes to carrying out the 
            regional innovation strategy of the regional technology and 
            innovation hub.
                ``(iv) The effectiveness of the regional technology and 
            innovation hub in ensuring that, in the region of the 
            regional technology and innovation hub, growth in 
            technology and innovation sectors produces broadly shared 
            opportunity across the region, including for economic 
            disadvantaged and underrepresented populations and rural 
            areas.
                ``(v) Information regarding such other matters as the 
            Secretary may require.
        ``(3) Interim reports by recipients of grants and cooperative 
    agreements.--In addition to requiring submittal of final reports 
    under paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary may require a regional 
    technology and innovation hub described in such paragraph to submit 
    to the Secretary such interim reports as the Secretary considers 
    appropriate.
        ``(4) Annual reports to congress.--Not less frequently than 
    once each year, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
    committees of Congress an annual report on the results of the 
    assessments conducted by the Secretary under paragraph (1)(C) 
    during the period covered by the report.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary--
        ``(1) $50,000,000 to award grants and cooperative agreements 
    under subsection (e) for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027;
        ``(2) $2,950,000,000 to award grants and cooperative agreements 
    under subsection (f) for the period of fiscal years 2023 and 2024; 
    and
        ``(3) $7,000,000,000 to award grants and cooperative agreements 
    under subsection (f) for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 
    2027.
    ``(l) Administration.--The Secretary may use funds made available 
to carry out this section for administrative costs under this section.
  ``SEC. 29. DISTRESSED AREA RECOMPETE PILOT PROGRAM.
    ``(a) In General.--Within the program authorized under section 28, 
the Secretary is authorized to establish a pilot program, to be known 
as the `Recompete Pilot Program', to provide grants to eligible 
recipients representing eligible areas or Tribal lands to alleviate 
persistent economic distress and support long-term comprehensive 
economic development and job creation in eligible areas.
    ``(b) Strategy Development Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
Subject to available appropriations, the Secretary is authorized, on 
the application of an eligible recipient, to award up to one half of 
the number of grants under subsection (e) of section 28 to eligible 
recipients to develop a recompete plan and carry out related 
predevelopment activities.
    ``(c) Strategy Implementation Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
Subject to available appropriations and subsection (f) , the Secretary 
shall award, on the application of an eligible recipient, at least ten 
strategy implementation grants, in accordance with a recompete plan 
review and approved by the Secretary, to carry out coordinated and 
comprehensive economic development programs and activities in an 
eligible area, consistent with a recompete plan approved by the 
Secretary. Such activities may include--
        ``(1) workforce development activities of the kind described in 
    section 28(f) or other job training and workforce outreach programs 
    oriented to local employer needs, such as--
            ``(A) customized job training programs carried out by local 
        community colleges and other training or educational 
        organizations in partnership with local businesses;
            ``(B) workforce outreach programs located in, and targeted 
        to, lower-income and underemployed neighborhoods; and
            ``(C) programs to embed job placement and training services 
        in neighborhood institutions such as churches, housing 
        projects, and community advocacy programs; and
            ``(D) job retention programs and activities, such as the 
        provision of career coaches;
        ``(2) business and entrepreneur development activities of the 
    kind described in section 28(f), technology development and 
    maturation activities of the kind described in such section, or the 
    provision of business advice and assistance to small and medium-
    sized local businesses and entrepreneurs. Such advice and 
    assistance may include--
            ``(A) manufacturing extension services;
            ``(B) small business development centers;
            ``(C) centers to help businesses bid for Federal 
        procurement contracts;
            ``(D) entrepreneurial assistance programs that link 
        entrepreneurs with available public and private resources;
            ``(E) legal advice and resources; and
            ``(F) assistance in accessing capital;
        ``(3) infrastructure related activities of the kind described 
    in section 28(f) or other land and site development programs, such 
    as brownfield redevelopment, research and technology parks, 
    business incubators, business corridor development, and other 
    infrastructure activities related to supporting job creation and 
    employment for residents, subject to the requirements of section 
    28(f)(6); and
        ``(4) additional planning, predevelopment, technical 
    assistance, and other administrative activities as may be necessary 
    for the ongoing implementation, administration, and operation of 
    the programs and activities carried out with a grant or cooperative 
    agreement under this section, including but not limited to economic 
    development planning and evaluation.
    ``(d) Term.--
        ``(1) Initial performance period.--The term of an initial grant 
    or cooperative agreement awarded under subsection (c) shall be for 
    a period that the Secretary deems appropriate for the proposed 
    activities but not less than 2 years.
        ``(2) Subsequent performance period.--The Secretary may renew a 
    grant or cooperative agreement awarded under subsection (c) for 
    such period, such amount, and such terms as the Secretary considers 
    appropriate, if the Secretary determines that the recipient of an 
    award under subsection (c) has made satisfactory progress towards 
    metrics or benchmarking requirements established by the Secretary 
    at time of award.
        ``(3) Flexible approach.--In renewing a grant or cooperative 
    agreement under subsection (c), the Secretary may approve new or 
    additional uses of funds, consistent with the uses described in 
    subsection (c), to meet changes in the needs of the region.
    ``(e) Limitations.--
        ``(1) Limitation on eligible areas.--An eligible area may not 
    benefit from more than 1 grant or cooperative agreement described 
    in subsection (b) and 1 grant or cooperative agreement described in 
    subsection (c), provided that a renewal described in subsection 
    (d)(2) shall not constitute an additional grant.
        ``(2) Limitation on recipients.--For purposes of the program 
    under this section, an eligible recipient may not receive multiple 
    grants described in subsection (c) on behalf of more than 1 
    eligible area.
    ``(f) Award Amount.--
        ``(1) In general.--In determining the amount of a grant that an 
    eligible recipient may be awarded under subsection (c), the 
    Secretary shall--
            ``(A) take into consideration the proposed activities and 
        projected expenditures outlined in an approved recompete plan; 
        and
            ``(B) award not more than the product obtained by 
        multiplying--
                ``(i) the prime-age employment gap of the eligible 
            area;
                ``(ii) the prime-age population of the eligible area; 
            and
                ``(iii) either--

                    ``(I) $70,585 for local labor markets; or
                    ``(II) $53,600 for local communities.

        ``(2) Minimum amount.--The Secretary may not make an award that 
    is less than $20,000,000 to an eligible recipient.
    ``(g) Applications.--To be considered for a grant or cooperative 
agreement under--
        ``(1) subsection (b) of this section, an eligible recipient 
    shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such 
    manner, and containing such information as the Secretary determines 
    to be appropriate; and
        ``(2) subsection (c) of this section, an eligible recipient 
    shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such 
    manner, and containing such information as the Secretary determines 
    to be appropriate, including a recompete plan approved by the 
    Secretary.
    ``(h) Relation to Certain Grant Awards.--The Secretary shall not 
require an eligible recipient to receive a grant or cooperative 
agreement under subsection (b) in order to receive a grant or 
cooperative agreement under subsection (c).
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary $1,000,000,000 to award grants and 
cooperative agreements under subsection (c) of this section, for the 
period of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
    ``(j) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Eligible area.--The term `eligible area' means either of 
    the following:
            ``(A) A local labor market that--
                ``(i) has a prime-age employment gap equal to not less 
            than 2.5 percent; and
                ``(ii) meets additional criteria as the Secretary may 
            establish.
            ``(B) A local community that--
                ``(i) has a prime-age employment gap equal to not less 
            than 5 percent;
                ``(ii) is not located within an eligible local labor 
            market that meets the criteria described in subparagraph 
            (A);
                ``(iii) has a median annual household income of not 
            more than $75,000; and
                ``(iv) meets additional criteria as the Secretary may 
            establish.
        ``(2) Eligible recipient.--The term `eligible recipient' means 
    a specified entity that has been authorized in a manner as 
    determined by the Secretary to represent and act on behalf of an 
    eligible area for the purposes of this section.
        ``(3) Local labor market.--The term `local labor market' means 
    any of the following areas that contains 1 or more specified 
    entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph 
    (6):
            ``(A) A metropolitan statistical area or micropolitan 
        statistical area, excluding any area described in subparagraph 
        (C).
            ``(B) A commuting zone, excluding any areas described in 
        subparagraphs (A) and (C).
            ``(C) The Tribal land with a Tribal prime-age population 
        represented by a Tribal government.
        ``(4) Local community.--The term `local community' means the 
    area served by a general-purpose unit of local government that is 
    located within, but does not cover the entire area of, a local 
    labor market that does not meet the criteria described in paragraph 
    (1)(A).
        ``(5) Prime-age employment gap.--
            ``(A) In general.--The term `prime-age employment gap' 
        means the difference (expressed as a percentage) between--
                ``(i) the national 5-year average prime-age employment 
            rate; and
                ``(ii) the 5-year average prime-age employment rate of 
            the eligible area.
            ``(B) Calculation.--For the purposes of subparagraph (A), 
        an individual is prime-age if such individual between the ages 
        of 25 years and 54 years.
        ``(6) Recompete plan.--The term `recompete plan' means a 
    comprehensive multiyear economic development plan that--
            ``(A) includes--
                ``(i) proposed programs and activities to be carried 
            out with a grant awarded under subsection (c) to address 
            the economic challenges of the eligible area in a 
            comprehensive manner that promotes long-term, sustained 
            economic growth, lasting job creation, per capita wage 
            increases, and reduction in the prime-age employment gap of 
            the eligible area;
                ``(ii) projected costs and annual expenditures and 
            proposed disbursement schedule;
                ``(iii) the roles and responsibilities of specified 
            entities that may receive grant funds awarded under 
            subsection (c); and
                ``(iv) other information as the Secretary determines 
            appropriate;
            ``(B) is submitted to the Secretary for approval for an 
        eligible recipient to be considered for a grant described in 
        subsection (c); and
            ``(C) may be modified over the term of the grant by the 
        eligible recipient, subject to the approval of the Secretary or 
        at the direction of the Secretary, if the Secretary determines 
        benchmarking requirements are repeatedly not met or if other 
        circumstances necessitate a modification.
        ``(7) Specified entity.--The term `specified entity' means--
            ``(A) a unit of local government;
            ``(B) the District of Columbia;
            ``(C) a territory of the United States;
            ``(D) a Tribal government;
            ``(E) political subdivision of a State or other entity, 
        including a special-purpose entity engaged in economic 
        development activities;
            ``(F) a public entity or nonprofit organization, acting in 
        cooperation with the officials of a political subdivision of a 
        State or other entity described in subparagraph (E);
            ``(G) an economic development district (as defined in 
        section 3 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 
        1965 (42 U.S.C. 3122); and
            ``(H) a consortium of any of the specified entities 
        described in this paragraph which serve or are contained within 
        the same eligible area.
        ``(8) Tribal land.--The term `Tribal land' means any land--
            ``(A) located within the boundaries of an Indian 
        reservation, pueblo, or rancheria; or
            ``(B) not located within the boundaries of an Indian 
        reservation, pueblo, or rancheria, the title to which is held--
                ``(i) in trust by the United States for the benefit of 
            an Indian Tribe or an individual Indian;
                ``(ii) by an Indian Tribe or an individual Indian, 
            subject to restriction against alienation under laws of the 
            United States; or
                ``(iii) by a dependent Indian community.
        ``(9) Tribal prime-age population.--
            ``(A) In general.--The term `Tribal prime-age population' 
        shall be equal to the sum obtained by adding--
                ``(i) the product obtained by multiplying--

                    ``(I) the total number of individuals ages 25 
                through 54 residing on the Tribal land of the Tribal 
                government; and
                    ``(II) 0.65; and

                ``(ii) the product obtained by multiplying--

                    ``(I) the total number of individuals ages 25 
                through 54 included on the membership roll of the 
                Tribal government; and
                    ``(II) 0.35

            ``(B) Use of data.--A calculation under subparagraph (A) 
        shall be determined based on data provided by the applicable 
        Tribal government to the Department of the Treasury under the 
        Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund programs under 
        title VI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 801 et seq.).''.
    (b) Initial Designations and Awards.--
        (1) Competition required.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
    of the enactment of this Act, subject to the availability of 
    appropriations, the Secretary of Commerce shall commence a 
    competition under subsection (d)(1) of section 28 of the Stevenson-
    Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (as added by this 
    section).
        (2) Designation and award.--Not later than 18 months after the 
    date of the enactment of this Act, if the Secretary has received at 
    least 1 application under subsection (g) of section 28 of the 
    Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (as added by 
    this section) from an eligible consortium which the Secretary 
    considers suitable for designation under subsection (d)(1) of such 
    section 28, the Secretary shall--
            (A) designate at least 1 regional technology and innovation 
        hub under subsection (d)(1) of such section 28; and
            (B) award a grant or cooperative agreement under subsection 
        (f)(1) of such section 28 to each regional technology and 
        innovation hub designated pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this 
        paragraph.
    (c) Distressed Area Designation and Award.--Not later than 18 
months after the date of the enactment of this section, subject to the 
availability of appropriations, if the Secretary has received 
applications under section 29 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
Innovation Act of 1980 (as added by this section) from an eligible 
recipient which the Secretary considers suitable for award under such 
section 29, the Secretary shall award grants or cooperative agreement 
under subsections (b) and (c) of such section 29 to one or more 
eligible recipients.
SEC. 10622. REGIONAL CLEAN ENERGY INNOVATION PROGRAM.
    Subtitle C of title IX of the Energy Independence and Security Act 
of 2007 is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``SEC. 936. REGIONAL CLEAN ENERGY INNOVATION PROGRAM.
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Regional clean energy innovation partnership.--The term 
    `regional clean energy innovation partnership' means a group of one 
    or more persons, including a covered consortium, who perform a 
    collection of activities that are coordinated by such covered 
    consortium to carry out the purposes of the program under 
    subsection (c) in a region of the United States.
        ``(2) Covered consortium.--The term `covered consortium' means 
    an individual or group of individuals in partnership with a 
    government entity, including a State, territorial, local, or tribal 
    government or unit of such government, and at least 2 or more of 
    the following additional entities--
            ``(A) an institution of higher education or a consortium of 
        institutions of higher education, including community colleges;
            ``(B) a workforce development program;
            ``(C) a private sector entity or group of entities, 
        including a trade or industry association;
            ``(D) a nonprofit organization;
            ``(E) a community group or community-based organization;
            ``(F) a labor organization or joint labor-management 
        organization;
            ``(G) a National Laboratory;
            ``(H) a venture development organization;
            ``(I) a community development financial institution or 
        minority depository institution;
            ``(J) a worker cooperative membership association or state 
        or local employee ownership or cooperative development center;
            ``(K) an organization focused on clean energy technology 
        innovation or entrepreneurship;
            ``(L) a business or clean energy accelerator or incubator;
            ``(M) an economic development organization;
            ``(N) a manufacturing facility or organization;
            ``(O) a multi-institutional collaboration; or
            ``(P) any other entity that the Secretary determines to be 
        relevant.
        ``(3) Program.--The term `program' means the Regional Clean 
    Energy Innovation Program authorized in subsection (b).
        ``(4) Institution of higher education.--The term `institution 
    of higher education' has the meaning given such term in section 101 
    or 102(a)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (20 
    U.S.C. 1001, 1002(a)(1)(B)).
        ``(5) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' has 
    the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act 
    of 2005 (42 2 U.S.C. 15801).
        ``(6) Clean energy technology.--The term `clean energy 
    technology' means a technology that significantly reduces energy 
    use, increases energy efficiency, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, 
    reduces emissions of other pollutants, or mitigates other negative 
    environmental consequences of energy production, transmission or 
    use.
        ``(7) Community-based organization.--The term `community-based 
    organization' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
    Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102).
        ``(8) Community college.--The term `community college' means--
            ``(A) a public institution of higher education, including 
        additional locations, at which the highest degree, or the 
        predominantly awarded degree, is an associate degree; or
            ``(B) any Tribal college or university (as defined in 
        section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1059c)).
        ``(9) Workforce development program.--The term `workforce 
    development program' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of 
    the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102).
    ``(b) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a Regional Clean 
Energy Innovation Program, a research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application program designed to enhance the economic, 
environmental, and energy security of the United States and accelerate 
the pace of innovation of diverse clean energy technologies through the 
formation or support of regional clean energy innovation partnerships.
    ``(c) Purposes of the Program.--The purposes of the Program 
established under subsection (b) are to--
        ``(1) improve the competitiveness of United States' clean 
    energy technology research, development, demonstration, and 
    commercial application; and
        ``(2) support the development of tools and technologies best 
    suited for use in diverse regions of the United States, including 
    in rural, tribal, and low-income communities.
    ``(d) Regional Clean Energy Innovation Partnerships.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall competitively award 
    grants to covered consortia to establish or support regional clean 
    energy innovation partnerships that achieve the purposes of the 
    Program in subsection (c).
        ``(2) Permissible activities.--Grants awarded under this 
    subsection shall be used for activities determined appropriate by 
    the Secretary to achieve the purposes of the Program in subsection 
    (c), including--
            ``(A) facilitating the commercial application of clean 
        energy products, processes, and services, including through 
        research, development, demonstration, or technology transfer;
            ``(B) planning among participants of a regional clean 
        energy innovation partnership to improve the strategic and 
        cost-effective coordination of the partnership;
            ``(C) improving stakeholder involvement in the development 
        of goals and activities of a regional clean energy innovation 
        partnership;
            ``(D) assessing different incentive mechanisms for clean 
        energy development and commercial application in the region;
            ``(E) hosting events and conferences; and
            ``(F) establishing and updating roadmaps to measure 
        progress on relevant goals, such as those relevant to metrics 
        developed under subsection (g).
        ``(3) Applications.--Each application submitted to the 
    Secretary under paragraph (1) may include--
            ``(A) a list of members and roles of members of the covered 
        consortia, as well as any other stakeholders supporting the 
        activities of the regional clean energy innovation partnership;
            ``(B) an assessment of the relevant clean energy innovation 
        assets needed in a region to achieve proposed outcomes, such as 
        education and workforce development programs, research 
        facilities, infrastructure or site development, access to 
        capital, manufacturing capabilities, or other assets;
            ``(C) a description of proposed activities that the 
        regional clean energy innovation partnership plans to undertake 
        and how the proposed activities will achieve the purposes 
        described in subsection (c);
            ``(D) a plan for attracting additional funds and 
        identification of funding sources from non-Federal sources to 
        deliver the proposed outcomes of the regional clean energy 
        innovation partnership;
            ``(E) a plan for partnering and collaborating with 
        community development financial institutions and minority 
        depository institutions, labor organizations and community 
        groups, worker cooperative membership associations, local and 
        state employee ownership and cooperative development centers, 
        and other local institutions in order to promote employee, 
        community, and public ownership in the clean energy sector, and 
        advance models of local economic development that build and 
        retain wealth in the region;
            ``(F) a plan for sustaining activities of the regional 
        clean energy innovation partnership after funds received under 
        this program have been expended; and
            ``(G) a proposed budget, including financial contributions 
        from non-Federal sources.
        ``(4) Considerations.--In selecting covered consortia for 
    funding under the Program, the Secretary shall, to the maximum 
    extent practicable--
            ``(A) give special consideration to applications from 
        rural, tribal, and low-income communities; and
            ``(B) ensure that there is geographic diversity among the 
        covered consortia selected to receive funding.
        ``(5) Award amount.--Grants given out under this Program shall 
    be in an amount not greater than $10,000,000, with the total grant 
    award in any year less than that in the previous year.
        ``(6) Cost share.--For grants that are disbursed over the 
    course of three or more years, the Secretary shall require, as a 
    condition of receipt of funds under this section, that a covered 
    consortium provide not less than 50 percent of the funding for the 
    activities of the regional clean energy partnership under this 
    section for years 3, 4, and 5.
        ``(7) Duration.--Each grant under paragraph shall be for a 
    period of not longer than 5 years.
        ``(8) Renewal.--A grant awarded under this section may be 
    renewed for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to a 
    rigorous merit review based on the progress of a regional clean 
    energy innovation partnership towards achieving the purposes of the 
    program in subsection (c) and the metrics developed under 
    subsection (g).
        ``(9) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities of 
    the Department, the Secretary may terminate grant funding under 
    this subsection to covered consortia during the performance period 
    if the Secretary determines that the regional clean energy 
    innovation partnership is underperforming.
        ``(10) Administrative costs.--The Secretary may allow a covered 
    consortium that receives funds under this section to allocate a 
    portion of the funding received to be used for administrative or 
    indirect costs.
        ``(11) Funding.--The Secretary may accept funds from other 
    Federal agencies to support funding and activities under this 
    section.
    ``(e) Planning Funds.--The Secretary may competitively award grants 
in an amount no greater than $2,000,000 for a period not longer than 2 
years to an entity consisting of a government entity, including a 
State, territorial, local, or tribal government or unit of such 
government or any entity listed under subsection (a)(2) to plan a 
regional clean energy innovation partnership or establish a covered 
consortium for the purpose of applying for funds under subsection (b).
    ``(f) Information Sharing.--As part of the program, the Secretary 
shall support the gathering, analysis, and dissemination of information 
on best practices for developing and operating successful regional 
clean energy innovation partnerships.
    ``(g) Metrics.--In evaluating a grant renewal under subsection 
(d)(8), the Secretary shall work with program evaluation experts to 
develop and make publicly available metrics to assess the progress of a 
regional clean energy innovation partnership towards achieving the 
purposes of the program in subsection (c).
    ``(h) Coordination.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
shall coordinate with, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
activities carried out under this section with the activities of other 
research entities of the Department or relevant programs at other 
Federal agencies.
    ``(i) Conflicts of Interest.--In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall maintain conflict of interest procedures, consistent 
with the conflict of interest procedures of the Department.
    ``(j) Evaluation by Comptroller General.--Not later than 3 years 
after the date of the enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act, and again 3 years later, the 
Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate an evaluation on the 
operation of the program during the most recent 3-year period, 
including--
        ``(1) an assessment of the progress made towards achieving the 
    purposes specified in subsection (c) based on the metrics developed 
    under subsection (g);
        ``(2) the short-term and long-term metrics used to determine 
    the success of the program under subsection (g), and any changes 
    recommended to the metrics used;
        ``(3) the regional clean energy innovation partnerships 
    established or supported by covered consortia that have received 
    grants under subsection (d); and
        ``(4) any recommendations on how the program may be improved.
    ``(k) National Laboratories.--In supporting technology transfer 
activities at the National Laboratories, the Secretary shall encourage 
partnerships with entities that are located in the same region or State 
as the National Laboratory.
    ``(l) Security.--In carrying out the activities under this section, 
the Secretary shall ensure proper security controls are in place to 
protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
    ``(m) No Funds for Construction.--No funds provided to the 
Department of Energy under this section shall be used for construction.
    ``(n) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.''.

                     Subtitle D--Research Security

SEC. 10631. REQUIREMENTS FOR FOREIGN TALENT RECRUITMENT PROGRAMS.
    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this subtitle is to direct actions to 
prohibit participation in any foreign talent recruitment program by 
personnel of Federal research agencies and to prohibit participation in 
a malign foreign talent recruitment program by covered individuals 
involved with research and development awards from those agencies.
    (b) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, in coordination with the interagency working group 
established under section 1746 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (42 U.S.C. 6601 note; Public Law 116-92), 
shall publish and widely distribute a uniform set of guidelines for 
Federal research agencies regarding foreign talent recruitment 
programs. Such policy guidelines shall--
        (1) prohibit all personnel of each Federal research agency, 
    including Federal employees, contract employees, independent 
    contractors, individuals serving under the Intergovernmental 
    Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq), Visiting Scientist, 
    Engineering, and Educator appointments, and special government 
    employees other than peer reviewers, from participating in a 
    foreign talent recruitment program;
        (2) as part of the requirements under section 223 of the 
    William (Mac) Thornberry NDAA of Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 6605; 
    Public Law 116-283), require covered individuals to disclose if 
    such individuals are a party to a foreign talent recruitment 
    program contract, agreement, or other arrangement;
        (3) prohibit research and development awards from being made 
    for any proposal in which a covered individual is participating in 
    a malign foreign talent recruitment program; and
        (4) to the extent practicable, require recipient institutions 
    to prohibit covered individuals participating in malign foreign 
    talent recruitment programs from working on projects supported by 
    research and development awards.
    (c) Definition of Foreign Talent Recruitment Programs.--As part of 
the guidance under subsection (b), the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy shall define and describe the 
characteristics of a foreign talent recruitment program.
    (d) Implementation.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, each Federal research agency shall issue a 
policy utilizing the guidelines under subsection (b).
    (e) Consistency.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall ensure that the policies issued by the Federal 
research agencies under subsection (d) are consistent to the greatest 
extent practicable.
SEC. 10632. MALIGN FOREIGN TALENT RECRUITMENT PROGRAM PROHIBITION.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 24 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, each Federal research agency shall establish a 
policy that, as part of a proposal for a research and development award 
from the agency--
        (1) each covered individual listed in such proposal certify 
    that each such individual is not a party to a malign foreign talent 
    recruitment program in the proposal submission of each such 
    individual and annually thereafter for the duration of the award; 
    and
        (2) each institution of higher education or other organization 
    applying for such an award certify that each covered individual who 
    is employed by such institution of higher education or other 
    organization has been made aware of the requirements under this 
    section and complied with the requirement under paragraph (1).
    (b) Stakeholder Input.--In establishing a policy under subsection 
(a), Federal research agencies shall publish a description of the 
proposed policy in the Federal Register and provide an opportunity for 
submission of public comment for a period of not more than 60 days.
    (c) Compliance With Existing Law.--Each Federal research agency and 
recipient shall comply with title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 
(42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.) in the establishment of policies pursuant to 
under subsection (a).
    (d) International Collaboration.--Each policy developed under 
subsection (a) shall not prohibit, unless such activities are funded, 
organized, or managed by an academic institution or a foreign talent 
recruitment program on the lists developed under paragraphs (8) and (9) 
of section 1286(c) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note; Public Law 115-232)--
        (1) making scholarly presentations and publishing written 
    materials regarding scientific information not otherwise controlled 
    under current law;
        (2) participation in international conferences or other 
    international exchanges, research projects or programs that involve 
    open and reciprocal exchange of scientific information, and which 
    are aimed at advancing international scientific understanding and 
    not otherwise controlled under current law;
        (3) advising a foreign student enrolled at an institution of 
    higher education or writing a recommendation for such a student, at 
    such student's request; and
        (4) other international activities determined appropriate by 
    the Federal research agency head or designee.
    (e) Limitation.--The certifications required under subsection (a) 
shall not apply retroactively to research and development awards made 
or applied for prior to the establishment of the policy by the Federal 
research agency.
    (f) Training.--Each Federal research agency shall ensure that, as a 
requirement of an award from each such agency, recipient institutions 
provide training on the risks of malign foreign talent recruitment 
programs to covered individuals employed at such institutions, 
including those individuals who are participating in activities 
described in subsection (d).
SEC. 10633. REVIEW OF CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS.
    (a) In General.--In addition to existing authorities for preventing 
waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement of Federal funds, each Federal 
research agency shall have the authority to--
        (1) require, upon request, the submission to such agency, by an 
    institution of higher education or other organization applying for 
    a research and development award, of supporting documentation, 
    including copies of contracts, grants, or any other agreement 
    specific to foreign appointments, employment with a foreign 
    institution, participation in a foreign talent recruitment program 
    and other information reported as current and pending support for 
    all covered individuals in a research and development award 
    application;
        (2) require such institution of higher education or other 
    organization to review any documents requested under paragraph (1) 
    for compliance with the Federal research agency's award terms and 
    conditions, including guidance on conflicts of interest and 
    conflicts of commitment; and
        (3) upon receipt and review of the information provided under 
    paragraph (1) and in consultation with the institution of higher 
    education or other organization submitting such information, 
    initiate the substitution or removal of a covered individual from a 
    research and development award, reduce the award funding amount, or 
    suspend or terminate the award if the agency head determines such 
    contracts, grants, or agreements include obligations that--
            (A) interfere with the capacity for agency-supported 
        activities to be carried out; or
            (B) create duplication with agency-supported activities.
    (b) Limitations.--In exercising the authorities under subsection 
(a), each Federal research agency shall--
        (1) take necessary steps, as practicable, to protect the 
    privacy of all covered individuals and other parties specified in 
    the documentation submitted under paragraph (1) of such subsection;
        (2) endeavor to provide justification for requests for 
    supporting documentation made under such paragraph;
        (3) require that allegations be proven by a preponderance of 
    evidence; and
        (4) as practicable, afford subjects an opportunity to provide 
    comments and rebuttal and an opportunity to appeal before final 
    administrative action is taken.
SEC. 10634. RESEARCH SECURITY TRAINING REQUIREMENT FOR FEDERAL RESEARCH 
AWARD PERSONNEL.
    (a) Annual Training Requirement.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, each Federal research agency shall establish 
    a requirement that, as part of an application for a research and 
    development award from the agency--
            (A) each covered individual listed on the application for a 
        research and development award certify that each such 
        individual has completed within one year of such application 
        research security training that meets the guidelines developed 
        under subsection (b); and
            (B) each institution of higher education or other 
        organization applying for such an award certify that each 
        covered individual who is employed by such institution or 
        organization and listed on the application has completed such 
        training.
        (2) Consistency.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall ensure that the training requirements 
    established by Federal research agencies pursuant to paragraph (1) 
    are consistent.
    (b) Training Guidelines.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology 
Council and in accordance with the authority provided under section 
1746(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 
(Public Law 116-92; 42 U.S.C. 6601 note), shall, taking into 
consideration stakeholder input, develop guidelines for institutions of 
higher education and other organizations receiving Federal research and 
development funds to use in developing their own training programs to 
address the unique needs, challenges, and risk profiles of such 
institutions and other organizations, including adoption of security 
training modules developed under subsection (c), to ensure compliance 
with National Security Presidential Memorandum-33 (relating to 
strengthening protections of the United States Government-supported 
research and development against foreign government interference and 
exploitation) or any successor documents.
    (c) Security Training Modules.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy, in coordination with the Director of the 
    National Science Foundation, the Director of the National 
    Institutes of Health, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of 
    Defense, and in consultation with the heads of relevant Federal 
    research agencies, shall enter into an agreement or contract with a 
    qualified entity for the development of online research security 
    training modules for the research community and participants in the 
    United States research and development enterprise to ensure 
    compliance with National Security Presidential Memorandum-33 or 
    successor documents, including modules--
            (A) focused on cybersecurity, international collaboration 
        and international travel, foreign interference, and rules for 
        proper use of funds, disclosure, conflict of commitment, and 
        conflict of interest; and
            (B) tailored to the unique needs of--
                (i) covered individuals;
                (ii) undergraduate students, graduate students, and 
            postdoctoral researchers; and
                (iii) applicants for awards under the SBIR and STTR 
            programs (as such terms are defined in section 9(e) of the 
            Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(e)).
        (2) Stakeholder input.--Prior to entering into the agreement 
    under paragraph (1), the Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall seek input from academic, private sector, 
    intelligence, and law enforcement stakeholders regarding the scope 
    and content of security training modules, including the diversity 
    of needs across institutions of higher education and other 
    recipients of different sizes and types, and recommendations for 
    minimizing administrative burden on recipients and researchers.
        (3) Development.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy shall ensure that the entity referred to in 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) develops security training modules that can be adapted 
        and utilized across Federal research agencies; and
            (B) develops and implements a plan for regularly updating 
        such modules as needed.
SEC. 10635. RESEARCH FUNDS ACCOUNTING.
    (a) Study Period Defined.--In this section the term ``study 
period'' means the 5-year period ending on the date of the enactment of 
this Act.
    (b) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study on Federal funding made available to foreign entities 
of concern for research, during the study period.
    (c) Matters to Be Included.--The study conducted under subsection 
(b) shall include, to the extent practicable with respect to the study 
period, an assessment of--
        (1) the total amount of Federal funding made available to 
    foreign entities of concern for research;
        (2) the total number and types of foreign entities of concern 
    to which such funding was made available;
        (3) the requirements relating to the awarding, tracking, and 
    monitoring of such funding;
        (4) any other data available with respect to Federal funding 
    made available to foreign entities of concern for research; and
        (5) such other matters as the Comptroller General of the United 
    States determines appropriate.
    (d) Briefing on Available Data.--Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
Pensions, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives on the study conducted under subsection (b) and the 
data that is available with respect to Federal funding made available 
to foreign entities of concern for research.
    (e) Report.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
submit to the congressional committees specified in subsection (d), by 
a date agreed upon by the Comptroller General and the committees on the 
date of the briefing under such subsection, a report on the findings of 
the study conducted under subsection (b).
SEC. 10636. PERSON OR ENTITY OF CONCERN PROHIBITION.
    No person published on the list under section 1237(b) of the Strom 
Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 
(Public Law 105-261; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note) or entity identified under 
section 1260h of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 
116-283) may receive or participate in any grant, award, program, 
support, or other activity under--
        (1) the Directorate established in subtitle G of title III of 
    this division;
        (2) section 28(b)(1) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
    Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.), as added by 
    section 10621; or
        (3) the Manufacturing USA Program, as improved and expanded 
    under subtitle E of title II of this division.
SEC. 10637. NONDISCRIMINATION.
    In carrying out requirements under this subtitle, each Federal 
research agency shall ensure that policies and activities developed and 
implemented pursuant to this subtitle are carried out in a manner that 
does not target, stigmatize, or discriminate against individuals on the 
basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin, consistent with title VI 
of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.).
SEC. 10638. DEFINITIONS.
    In this subtitle:
        (1) Covered individual.--The term ``covered individual'' means 
    an individual who--
            (A) contributes in a substantive, meaningful way to the 
        scientific development or execution of a research and 
        development project proposed to be carried out with a research 
        and development award from a Federal research agency; and
            (B) is designated as a covered individual by the Federal 
        research agency concerned.
        (2) Foreign country of concern.--The term ``foreign country of 
    concern'' means the People's Republic of China, the Democratic 
    People's Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, the Islamic 
    Republic of Iran, or any other country determined to be a country 
    of concern by the Secretary of State.
        (3) Foreign entity of concern.--The term ``foreign entity of 
    concern'' means a foreign entity that is--
            (A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the 
        Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));
            (B) included on the list of specially designated nationals 
        and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets 
        Control of the Department of the Treasury (commonly known as 
        the SDN list);
            (C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction 
        or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a 
        covered nation (as such term is defined in section 4872 of 
        title 10, United States Code);
            (D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved 
        in activities for which a conviction was obtained under--
                (i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code 
            (commonly known as the Espionage Act);
                (ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States 
            Code;
                (iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code 
            (commonly known as the Economic Espionage Act of 1996);
                (iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
            seq.);
                (v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic 
            Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 
            2284);
                (vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 
            4801 et seq.); or
                (vii) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 
            (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or
            (E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of 
        National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized conduct 
        that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy 
        of the United States.
        (4) Malign foreign talent recruitment program.--The term 
    ``malign foreign talent recruitment program'' means--
            (A) any program, position, or activity that includes 
        compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, 
        including research funding, promised future compensation, 
        complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis value, 
        honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, or other 
        types of remuneration or consideration directly provided by a 
        foreign country at any level (national, provincial, or local) 
        or their designee, or an entity based in, funded by, or 
        affiliated with a foreign country, whether or not directly 
        sponsored by the foreign country, to the targeted individual, 
        whether directly or indirectly stated in the arrangement, 
        contract, or other documentation at issue, in exchange for the 
        individual--
                (i) engaging in the unauthorized transfer of 
            intellectual property, materials, data products, or other 
            nonpublic information owned by a United States entity or 
            developed with a Federal research and development award to 
            the government of a foreign country or an entity based in, 
            funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country regardless 
            of whether that government or entity provided support for 
            the development of the intellectual property, materials, or 
            data products;
                (ii) being required to recruit trainees or researchers 
            to enroll in such program, position, or activity;
                (iii) establishing a laboratory or company, accepting a 
            faculty position, or undertaking any other employment or 
            appointment in a foreign country or with an entity based 
            in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country if such 
            activities are in violation of the standard terms and 
            conditions of a Federal research and development award;
                (iv) being unable to terminate the foreign talent 
            recruitment program contract or agreement except in 
            extraordinary circumstances;
                (v) through funding or effort related to the foreign 
            talent recruitment program, being limited in the capacity 
            to carry out a research and development award or required 
            to engage in work that would result in substantial overlap 
            or duplication with a Federal research and development 
            award;
                (vi) being required to apply for and successfully 
            receive funding from the sponsoring foreign government's 
            funding agencies with the sponsoring foreign organization 
            as the recipient;
                (vii) being required to omit acknowledgment of the 
            recipient institution with which the individual is 
            affiliated, or the Federal research agency sponsoring the 
            research and development award, contrary to the 
            institutional policies or standard terms and conditions of 
            the Federal research and development award;
                (viii) being required to not disclose to the Federal 
            research agency or employing institution the participation 
            of such individual in such program, position, or activity; 
            or
                (ix) having a conflict of interest or conflict of 
            commitment contrary to the standard terms and conditions of 
            the Federal research and development award; and
            (B) a program that is sponsored by--
                (i) a foreign country of concern or an entity based in 
            a foreign country of concern, whether or not directly 
            sponsored by the foreign country of concern;
                (ii) an academic institution on the list developed 
            under section 1286(c)(8) of the John S. McCain National 
            Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 
            2358 note; Public Law 115-232); or
                (iii) a foreign talent recruitment program on the list 
            developed under section 1286(c)(9) of the John S. McCain 
            National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 
            U.S.C. 2358 note; Public Law 115-232).

  Subtitle E--Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation

SEC. 10641. SHORT TITLE.
    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Coastal and Ocean Acidification 
Research and Innovation Act of 2021''.
SEC. 10642. PURPOSES.
    (a) In General.--Section 12402(a) of the Federal Ocean 
Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3701(a)) 
is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``development and coordination'' and inserting ``development 
        coordination and implementation'';
            (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``acidification on 
        marine organisms'' and inserting ``acidification and coastal 
        acidification on marine organisms''; and
            (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``establish'' and all 
        that follows through the semicolon and inserting ``maintain and 
        advise an interagency research, monitoring, and public outreach 
        program on ocean acidification and coastal acidification;'';
        (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``establishment'' and 
    inserting ``maintenance'';
        (3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``and coastal 
    acidification'' after ``ocean acidification''; and
        (4) in paragraph (4), by striking ``techniques for'' and all 
    that follows through the period and inserting ``mitigating the 
    impacts of ocean and coastal acidification and related co-stressors 
    on marine ecosystems.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--Section 12402 of the 
Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 
U.S.C. 3701(a)) is amended by striking ``(a) Purposes.--''.
SEC. 10643. DEFINITIONS.
    Section 12403 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3702) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of the Earth's oceans'' and 
    all that follows before the period at the end and inserting ``and 
    changes in the water chemistry of the Earth's oceans, coastal 
    estuaries, marine waterways, and Great Lakes caused by carbon 
    dioxide from the atmosphere and the breakdown of organic matter'';
        (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Joint Subcommittee on Ocean 
    Science and Technology of the National Science and Technology 
    Council'' and inserting ``National Science and Technology Council 
    Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology'';
        (3) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as paragraphs 
    (2), (3), and (4), respectively;
        (4) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so redesignated, the 
    following:
        ``(1) Coastal acidification.--The term `coastal acidification' 
    means the decrease in pH and changes in the water chemistry of 
    coastal oceans, estuaries, and Great Lakes from atmospheric 
    pollution, freshwater inputs, and excess nutrient run-off from 
    land.''; and
        (5) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) State.--The term `State' means each State of the United 
    States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 
    American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
    Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and any other 
    territory or possession of the United States.''.
SEC. 10644. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.
    Section 12404 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3703) is amended--
        (1) in the heading, by striking ``subcommittee'' and inserting 
    ``working group'';
        (2) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Joint Subcommittee on 
        Ocean Science and Technology of the National Science and 
        Technology Council shall coordinate Federal activities on ocean 
        acidification and establish'' and insert ``Subcommittee shall 
        coordinate Federal activities on ocean and coastal 
        acidification and establish and maintain'';
            (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Wildlife Service,'' and 
        inserting ``Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Ocean Energy 
        Management, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department 
        of Agriculture, the Department of State, the Department of 
        Energy, the Department of the Navy, the National Park Service, 
        the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the National Institute of 
        Standards and Technology, the Smithsonian Institution,''; and
            (C) in paragraph (3), in the heading, by striking 
        ``Chairman'' and inserting ``Chair'';
        (3) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``and coastal 
            acidification'' after ``ocean acidification''; and
                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``and coastal 
            acidification'' after ``ocean acidification'';
            (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon; and
            (C) in paragraph (5)--
                (i) by inserting ``, and contribute to as 
            appropriate,'' after ``designate'';
                (ii) by striking ``developed'' and inserting ``and 
            coastal acidification developed''; and
                (iii) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
            ``and coastal acidification; and''.
        (4) in subsection (c)--
            (A) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) by inserting ``until 2032'' after ``every 2 years 
            thereafter'';
                (ii) by inserting ``, and to the Office of Management 
            and Budget,'' after ``House of Representatives''; and
                (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``the 
            interagency research'' and inserting ``interagency 
            strategic research'';
            (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``until 2031'' after 
        ``at least once every 5 years''; and
            (C) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``until 2032'' after 
        ``and every 6 years thereafter'';
        (5) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (e); and
        (6) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Advisory Board.--
        ``(1) Establishment.--The Chair of the Subcommittee shall 
    establish an Ocean Acidification Advisory Board.
        ``(2) Duties.--The Advisory Board shall--
            ``(A) maintain a process for reviewing and making 
        recommendations to the Subcommittee on--
                ``(i) the biennial report specified in subsection 
            (d)(2); and
                ``(ii) the strategic research plan in subsection 
            (d)(3);
            ``(B) provide ongoing advice to the Subcommittee and the 
        interagency working group on matters related to Federal 
        activities on ocean and coastal acidification, including 
        impacts and mitigation of ocean and coastal acidification; and
            ``(C) advise the Subcommittee and the interagency working 
        group on--
                ``(i) efforts to coordinate research and monitoring 
            activities related to ocean acidification and coastal 
            acidification; and
                ``(ii) the best practices for the standards developed 
            for data archiving under section 12406(d).
        ``(3) Membership.--The Advisory Board shall consist of 25 
    members as follows:
            ``(A) Two representatives of the shellfish, lobster, or 
        crab industry.
            ``(B) One representative of the finfish industry.
            ``(C) One representative of seafood processors.
            ``(D) Three representatives from academia, including both 
        natural and social sciences.
            ``(E) One representative of recreational fishing.
            ``(F) One representative of a relevant nongovernmental 
        organization.
            ``(G) Six representatives from relevant State and local 
        governments with policy or regulatory authorities related to 
        ocean acidification and coastal acidification.
            ``(H) One representative from the Alaska Ocean 
        Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents 
        the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
            ``(I) One representative from the California Current 
        Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents 
        the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
            ``(J) One representative from the Northeast Coastal 
        Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents 
        the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
            ``(K) One representative from the Southeast Coastal 
        Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents 
        the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
            ``(L) One representative from the Gulf of Mexico Coastal 
        Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents 
        the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
            ``(M) One representative from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal 
        Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that represents 
        the same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
            ``(N) One representative from the Pacific Islands Ocean 
        Observing System or a subsequent entity that represents the 
        island territories and possessions of the United States in the 
        Pacific Ocean, and the State of Hawaii and has a similar 
        purpose.
            ``(O) One representative from the Caribbean Regional 
        Association for Coastal Ocean Observing or a subsequent entity 
        that represents Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin 
        Islands and has a similar purpose.
            ``(P) One representative from the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration Olympic Coast Ocean Acidification 
        Sentinel Site or a subsequent entity that represents the same 
        geographical representation.
            ``(Q) One representative from the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration shall serve as an ex-officio member 
        of the Advisory Board without a vote.
        ``(4) Appointment of members.--The Chair of the Subcommittee 
    shall--
            ``(A) appoint members to the Advisory Board (taking into 
        account the geographical interests of each individual to be 
        appointed as a member of the Advisory Board to ensure that an 
        appropriate balance of geographical interests are represented 
        by the members of the Advisory Board) who--
                ``(i) represent the interest group for which each seat 
            is designated;
                ``(ii) demonstrate expertise on ocean acidification or 
            coastal acidification and its scientific, economic, 
            industry, cultural, and community impacts; and
                ``(iii) have a record of distinguished service with 
            respect to ocean acidification or coastal acidification, 
            and such impacts;
            ``(B) give consideration to nominations and recommendations 
        from the members of the interagency working group and the 
        public for such appointments; and
            ``(C) ensure that an appropriate balance of scientific, 
        industry, State and local resource managers, and geographical 
        interests are represented by the members of the Advisory Board.
        ``(5) Term of membership.--Each member of the Advisory Board--
            ``(A) shall be appointed for a 5-year term; and
            ``(B) may be appointed to no more than two terms.
        ``(6) Chair.--The Chair of the Subcommittee shall appoint one 
    member of the Advisory Board to serve as the Chair of the Advisory 
    Board.
        ``(7) Meetings.--Not less than once each calendar year, the 
    Advisory Board shall meet at such times and places as may be 
    designated by the Chair of the Advisory Board, in consultation with 
    the Chair of the Subcommittee and the Chair of the interagency 
    working group.
        ``(8) Briefing.--The Chair of the Advisory Board shall brief 
    the Subcommittee and the interagency working group on the progress 
    of the Advisory Board as necessary or at the request of the 
    Subcommittee.
        ``(9) Tribal government engagement and coordination.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Advisory Board shall maintain 
        mechanisms for coordination, and engagement with Tribal 
        governments.
            ``(i) Rule of construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (A) 
        may be construed as affecting any requirement to consult with 
        Indian Tribes under Executive Order 13175 (25 U.S.C. 5301 note; 
        relating to consultation and coordination with Tribal 
        governments) or any other applicable law or policy.
        ``(10) Federal advisory committee act.--Section 14 of the 
    Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the Advisory 
    Board for 10 years from the date of enactment of this Act.
    ``(d) Prize Competitions.--
        ``(1) In general.--Any Federal agency with a representative 
    serving on the interagency working group established under this 
    section may, either individually or in cooperation with one or more 
    agencies, carry out a program to award prizes competitively under 
    section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
    1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719). An agency seeking to carry out such a 
    program shall carry out such program in coordination with the chair 
    of such interagency working group.
        ``(2) Purposes.--Any prize competition carried out under this 
    subsection shall be for the purpose of stimulating innovation to 
    advance our Nation's ability to understand, research, or monitor 
    ocean acidification or its impacts, or to develop management or 
    adaptation options for responding to ocean and coastal 
    acidification.
        ``(3) Priority programs.--Priority shall be given to 
    establishing programs under this section that address communities, 
    environments, or industries that are in distress due to the impacts 
    of ocean and coastal acidification.''.
SEC. 10645. STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN.
    Section 12405 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3704) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) by striking ``acidification'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``acidification and coastal acidification'';
            (B) in the first sentence--
                (i) by inserting ``, and not later than every 5 years 
            following the publication of each subsequent strategic 
            research plan until 2035'' after ``the date of enactment of 
            this Act'';
                (ii) by inserting ``address the socioeconomic impacts 
            of ocean acidification and coastal acidification and to'' 
            after ``mitigation strategies to''; and
                (iii) by striking ``marine ecosystems'' each place it 
            appears and inserting ``ecosystems''; and
            (C) in the second sentence, by striking ``National Academy 
        of Sciences in the review of the plan required under subsection 
        (d)'', and inserting ``Advisory Board established in section 
        12404(c)'';
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and social sciences'' 
        after ``among the ocean sciences'';
            (B) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (B)--

                    (I) by striking ``improve the ability to assess 
                the'' and inserting ``assess the short-term and long-
                term''; and
                    (II) by striking ``; and'' at the end and inserting 
                a semicolon;

                (ii) by amending subparagraph (C) to read as follows:
            ``(C) provide information for the development of adaptation 
        and mitigation strategies to address--
                ``(i) socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification and 
            coastal acidification;
                ``(ii) conservation of marine organisms and ecosystems;
                ``(iii) assessment of the effectiveness of such 
            adaptation and mitigation strategies; and''; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following new 
            subparagraph:
            ``(D) improve research on--
                ``(i) ocean acidification and coastal acidification;
                ``(ii) the interactions between and effects of ocean 
            and coastal acidification and multiple combined stressors 
            including changes in water chemistry, changes in sediment 
            delivery, hypoxia, and harmful algal blooms, on ocean 
            acidification and coastal acidification; and
                ``(iii) the effect or effects of clauses (i) and (ii) 
            on marine resources and ecosystems;'';
            (C) in paragraph (3)--
                (i) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``database 
            development'' and inserting ``data management'';
                (ii) in subparagraph (H) by striking ``and'' at the 
            end; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following new 
            subparagraphs:
            ``(J) assessment of adaptation and mitigation strategies; 
        and
            ``(K) education and outreach activities;'';
            (D) in paragraph (4), by striking ``set forth'' and 
        inserting ``ensure an appropriate balance of contribution in 
        establishing'';
            (E) in paragraph (5), by striking ``reports'' and inserting 
        ``the best available peer-reviewed scientific reports'';
            (F) in paragraph (6)--
                (i) by inserting ``and coastal acidification'' after 
            ``ocean acidification''; and
                (ii) by striking ``of the United States'' and inserting 
            ``within the United States'';
            (G) in paragraph (8)--
                (i) by inserting ``and coastal acidification'' after 
            ``ocean acidification'' each place it appears;
                (ii) by striking ``its'' and inserting ``their''; and
                (iii) by striking ``; and'' at the end and inserting a 
            semicolon;
            (H) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' at the end
            (I) in paragraph (10), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (J) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(11) describe monitoring needs necessary to support 
    potentially affected industry members, coastal stakeholders, 
    fishery management councils and commissions, Tribal governments, 
    non-Federal resource managers, and scientific experts on decision-
    making and adaptation related to ocean acidification and coastal 
    acidification; and
        ``(12) describe the extent to which the Subcommittee 
    incorporated feedback from the Advisory Board established in 
    section 12404(c).'';
        (3) in subsection (c)--
            (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``surface'';
            (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``and coastal 
        acidification'' after ``ocean acidification'' each place it 
        appears;
            (C) in paragraph (3)--
                (i) by striking ``input, and'' and inserting 
            ``inputs,'';
                (ii) by inserting ``, marine food webs,'' after 
            ``marine ecosystems''; and
                (iii) by inserting ``, and modeling that supports 
            fisheries management'' after ``marine organisms'';
            (D) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``and coastal 
        acidification'' after ``ocean acidification''; and
            (E) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
        ``(8) Research to understand related and cumulative stressors 
    and other biogeochemical processes occurring in conjunction with 
    ocean acidification and coastal acidification.''; and
        (4) by striking subsections (d) and (e) and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(d) Publication.--Concurrent with the submission of the plan to 
Congress, the Subcommittee shall publish the plan on a public 
website.''.
SEC. 10646. NOAA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES.
    Section 12406 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3705) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting 
        ``coordination,'' after ``research, monitoring,'';
            (B) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``including 
            leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean Observing 
            System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, 
            State, and Tribal agencies,'' after ``ocean observing 
            assets,'';
                (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and 
            (F) as subparagraphs (E), (G), (H), and (I), respectively;
                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following 
            new subparagraphs:
            ``(C) prioritization of the location of monitoring 
        instruments, assets, and projects to maximize the efficiency of 
        resources and agency and department missions;
            ``(D) an optimization of understanding of socioeconomic 
        impacts and ecosystem health''.
                (iv) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated, by 
            striking ``adaptation'' and inserting ``adaptation and 
            mitigation'';
                (v) by inserting after subparagraph (E), as so 
            redesignated, the following new subparagraph:
            ``(F) technical assistance to socioeconomically vulnerable 
        States, local governments, Tribal governments, communities, and 
        industries impacted by ocean and coastal acidification to 
        support their development of ocean and coastal acidification 
        mitigation strategies;''.
                (vi) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated--

                    (I) by striking ``its impacts'' and inserting 
                ``their respective impacts'';
                    (II) by striking ``and'' at the end;

                (vii) in subparagraph (I), as so redesignated--

                    (I) by striking ``monitoring and impacts research'' 
                and inserting ``research, monitoring, and adaptation 
                and mitigation strategies''; and
                    (II) by striking the period at the end and 
                inserting a semicolon; and

                (viii) by adding at the end the following new 
            subparagraphs:
            ``(J) research to improve understanding of--
                ``(i) the impact of ocean acidification and coastal 
            acidification; and
                ``(ii) how multiple environmental stressors may 
            contribute to and exacerbate ocean and coastal 
            acidification on living marine resources and coastal 
            ecosystems; and
            ``(K) research to support the development of adaptation and 
        mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic impacts of 
        ocean and coastal acidification on coastal communities;'';
            (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``critical research 
        projects that explore'' and inserting ``critical research, 
        education, and outreach projects that explore and 
        communicate''; and
            (D) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking 
        ``acidification'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``acidification and coastal acidification''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) Relationship to Interagency Working Group.--The National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall serve as the lead Federal 
agency responsible for coordinating the Federal response to ocean and 
coastal acidification. The Administration may enter into Memoranda of 
Understanding to--
        ``(1) coordinate monitoring and research efforts among Federal 
    agencies in cooperation with State, local, and Tribal governments 
    and international partners; this may include analysis and synthesis 
    of the results of monitoring and research;
        ``(2) maintain an Ocean Acidification Information Exchange 
    described under section 12404(b)(5) to allow for information to be 
    electronically accessible, including information--
            ``(A) on ocean acidification developed through or used by 
        the ocean acidification program described under subsection (a); 
        or
            ``(B) that would be useful to State governments, local 
        governments, Tribal governments, resource managers, 
        policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in mitigating 
        or adapting to the impacts of ocean acidification and coastal 
        acidification; and
        ``(3) establishing and maintaining the data archive system 
    under subsection (d).
    ``(d) Data Archive System.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
    members of the interagency working group, shall support the long-
    term stewardship of, and access to, data relating to ocean and 
    coastal acidification through providing the data on a publicly 
    accessible data archive system. To the extent possible, this data 
    archive system shall collect and provide access to ocean and 
    coastal acidification data--
            ``(A) from relevant federally funded research;
            ``(B) provided by a Federal, State, or local government, 
        academic scientist, citizen scientist, or industry 
        organization;
            ``(C) voluntarily submitted by Tribes or Tribal 
        governments; and
            ``(D) from existing global or national data assets that are 
        currently maintained within Federal agencies.
        ``(2) Data standards.--The Secretary to, the extent possible, 
    shall ensure all such data adheres to data and metadata standards 
    to support the public findability, accessibility, interoperability, 
    and reusability of such data.''.
SEC. 10647. NSF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES.
    Section 12407 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3706) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``ocean acidification'' each place it appears 
    and inserting ``ocean acidification and coastal acidification'';
        (2) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``its impacts'' and inserting ``their respective impacts'';
            (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and its impacts'' and 
        inserting ``and their respective impacts'';
            (C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
        ``(5) adaptation and mitigation strategies to address 
    socioeconomic effects of ocean acidification and coastal 
    acidification.''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Requirement.--Recipients of grants from the National Science 
Foundation under this subtitle that collect data described under 
section 12406(d) shall--
        ``(1) collect data in accordance with the standards, protocols, 
    or procedures established pursuant to section 12406(d); and
        ``(2) submit such data to the Director and the Secretary after 
    publication, in accordance with any rules promulgated by the 
    Director or the Secretary.''.
SEC. 10648. NASA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES.
    Section 12408 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3707) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``ocean acidification'' each place it appears 
    and inserting ``ocean acidification and coastal acidification'';
        (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``its impacts'' and 
    inserting ``their respective impacts''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(d) Requirement.--Researchers from the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration under this subtitle that collect data described 
under section 12406(d) shall--
        ``(1) collect such data in accordance with the standards, 
    protocols, or procedures established pursuant to section 12406(d); 
    and
        ``(2) submit such data to the Administrator and the Secretary, 
    in accordance with any rules promulgated by the Administrator or 
    the Secretary.''.
SEC. 10649. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    Section 12409 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3708) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``subtitle--'' and all that 
    follows through paragraph (4) and inserting the following: 
    ``subtitle--
        ``(1) $20,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        ``(2) $22,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
        ``(3) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
        ``(4) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
        ``(5) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.''; and
        (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``subtitle--'' and all that 
    follows through paragraph (4) and inserting the following: 
    ``subtitle, $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 
    2027.''.

                 Subtitle F--Interagency Working Group

SEC. 10651. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.
    (a) Establishment.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology 
Council, shall establish or designate an interagency working group to 
coordinate the activities specified in subsection (c).
    (b) Composition.--The interagency working group shall be composed 
of the following members (or their designees), who may be organized 
into subcommittees, as appropriate:
        (1) The Secretary of Commerce.
        (2) The Director of the National Science Foundation.
        (3) The Secretary of Energy.
        (4) The Secretary of Defense.
        (5) The Director of the National Economic Council.
        (6) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
        (7) The Secretary of Health and Human Services.
        (8) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration.
        (9) The Secretary of Agriculture.
        (10) The Director of National Intelligence.
        (11) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
        (12) Such other Federal officials as the Director of the Office 
    of Science and Technology Policy considers appropriate, including 
    members of the National Science and Technology Council Committee on 
    Technology.
    (c) Coordination.--The interagency working group shall seek to 
ensure that the activities of different Federal agencies enhance and 
complement, but, as appropriate, do not duplicate, efforts being 
carried out by another Federal agency, with a focus on the following:
        (1) The activities of the National Science Foundation 
    Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships Directorate in the key 
    technology focus areas, such as within the Regional Innovation 
    Engines under section 10388 and test beds under section 10390.
        (2) The activities of the Department of Commerce under this 
    division, including regional technology hubs under section 28 of 
    the Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 13701 et seq.), as 
    added by section 10621, the Manufacturing USA Program established 
    under section 34(b)(1) of the National Institute of Standards and 
    Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(b)(1)), and the Hollings 
    Manufacturing Extension Partnership (15 U.S.C. 278k).
        (3) The activities of the Department of Energy in the key 
    technology focus areas, including at the national laboratories, and 
    at Federal laboratories, as defined in section 4 of the Stevenson-
    Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703), and 
    facilities and user facilities operated in partnership with such 
    national laboratories or the Department of Energy.
        (4) Any other program that the Director of the Office of 
    Science and Technology Policy determines involves research and 
    development with respect to the key technology focus areas.
    (d) Report.--The interagency working group shall--
        (1) by not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
    this division--
            (A) conduct an initial review of Federal programs and 
        resources with respect to the key technology focus areas 
        identified pursuant to section 10387(a)(2), in order to--
                (i) assess current level of efforts and characterize 
            existing research infrastructure, as of the date of the 
            review;
                (ii) identify potential areas of overlap or duplication 
            with respect to the key technology focus areas; and
                (iii) identify potential cross-agency collaborations 
            and joint funding opportunities; and
            (B) submit a report regarding the review described in 
        subparagraph (A) to Congress; and
            (C) seek stakeholder input and recommendations in the 
        course of such review; and
        (2) shall carry out the annual reviews and updates required 
    under section 10387(e).
    (e) Conflicts.--If any conflicts between Federal agencies arise 
while carrying out the activities under this section, the President 
shall make the final decision regarding resolution of the conflict.

           Subtitle G--Quantum Networking and Communications

SEC. 10661. QUANTUM NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
    National Science Foundation.
        (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate 
    committees of Congress'' has the meaning given such term in section 
    2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801).
        (3) Q2work program.--The term ``Q2Work Program'' means the 
    Q2Work Program supported by the Foundation.
    (b) Quantum Networking Working Group Report on Quantum Networking 
and Communications.--
        (1) Report.--Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
    (15 U.S.C. 8813) is amended by adding the following at the end the 
    following new subsection:
    ``(h) Report on Quantum Networking and Communications.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than January 1, 2026, the Quantum 
    Networking Working Group within the Subcommittee on Quantum 
    Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council, 
    in coordination with the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security 
    Implications of Quantum Information Science, shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing a plan for 
    the advancement of quantum networking and communications technology 
    in the United States, building on the report entitled A Strategic 
    Vision for America's Quantum Networks and A Coordinated Approach 
    for Quantum Networking Research.
        ``(2) Requirements.--The report under paragraph (1) shall 
    include the following:
            ``(A) An update to the report entitled Coordinated Approach 
        to Quantum Networking Research Report focusing on a framework 
        for interagency collaboration regarding the advancement of 
        quantum networking and communications research.
            ``(B) A plan for Federal Government partnership with the 
        private sector and interagency collaboration regarding 
        engagement in international standards for quantum networking 
        and communications technology, including a list of Federal 
        priorities for standards relating to such networking and 
        technology.
            ``(C) A proposal for the protection of national security 
        interests relating to the advancement of quantum networking and 
        communications technology.
            ``(D) An assessment of the relative position of the United 
        States with respect to other countries in the global race to 
        develop, demonstrate, and utilize quantum networking and 
        communications technology.
            ``(E) Recommendations to Congress for legislative action 
        relating to the matters considered under subparagraphs (A), 
        (B), (C), and (D).
            ``(F) Such other matters as the Quantum Network Working 
        Group considers necessary to advance the security of 
        communications and network infrastructure, remain at the 
        forefront of scientific discovery in the quantum information 
        science domain, and transition quantum information science 
        research into the emerging quantum technology economy.''.
    (c) Quantum Networking and Communications Research and 
Standardization.--
        (1) Research.--Subsection (a) of section 201 of the National 
    Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended by--
            (A) redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (6) 
        and (7), respectively; and
            (B) inserting after paragraph (2) the following new 
        paragraphs:
        ``(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the development 
    and standardization of quantum cryptography and post-quantum 
    classical cryptography;
        ``(4) shall carry out research to facilitate the development 
    and standardization of quantum networking, communications, and 
    sensing technologies and applications;
        ``(5) for quantum technologies determined by the Director of 
    the National Institute of Standards and Technology to be at a 
    readiness level sufficient for standardization, shall provide 
    technical review and assistance to such other Federal agencies as 
    the Director considers appropriate for the development of quantum 
    networking infrastructure standards;''.
        (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Scientific and Technical Research and Services 
    account of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to 
    carry out paragraphs (3) through (5) of subsection (a) of section 
    201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (as inserted pursuant to 
    the amendments made by paragraph (1) of this subsection) 
    $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
    (d) Quantum Information Science Workforce Evaluation and 
Acceleration.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an agreement 
    with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
    to conduct a study to evaluate and make recommendations for the 
    quantum information science workforce. The study shall--
            (A) characterize the quantum information science workforce, 
        including by--
                (i) describing what constitutes a quantum information 
            science qualified worker across sectors, including 
            academia, the Federal Government, and industry; and
                (ii) describing the size and makeup of the quantum 
            information science workforce, including an assessment of 
            current and future trends;
            (B) identify near- and long-term quantum information 
        science workforce needs across government, academia, and 
        industry sectors, including identifying the cross-disciplinary 
        academic degrees or academic courses necessary to--
                (i) prepare students for multiple career pathways in 
            quantum information sciences and related fields;
                (ii) ensure the United States is competitive in the 
            field of quantum information science while preserving 
            national security; and
                (iii) support the development of quantum applications;
            (C) assess the state of quantum information science 
        education and skills training at all education levels and 
        identify gaps in meeting current and future workforce needs, 
        including with respect to--
                (i) elementary, middle, and high-school student access 
            to foundational courses, age-appropriate quantum concepts, 
            and hands-on learning opportunities;
                (ii) elementary, middle, and high-school teacher 
            professional development and access to resources, 
            materials, lesson plans, modules, and curricula;
                (iii) career pivot and skills training opportunities, 
            including professional certificates and internships; and
                (iv) higher education curricula, laboratory experiences 
            in academia, the Federal Government, and industry settings, 
            and cross-discipline degree programs aligned with workforce 
            needs; and
            (D) make recommendations for developing a diverse, 
        flexible, and sustainable quantum information science workforce 
        that meets the evolving needs of academia, the Federal 
        Government, and industry.
        (2) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the National Academies of Science, 
    Engineering, and Medicine shall submit to Congress and the Director 
    a report containing the results of the study conducted pursuant to 
    paragraph (1).
    (e) Incorporating QISE Into STEM Curriculum.--
        (1) In general.--Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative 
    Act (15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended by adding the following at the end:
    ``(d) Incorporating QISE Into STEM Curriculum.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
    Foundation shall, through programs carried out or supported by the 
    National Science Foundation, seek to increase the integration of 
    quantum information science and engineering (referred to in this 
    subsection as `QISE') into the STEM curriculum at all education 
    levels, including community colleges, as considered appropriate by 
    the Director.
        ``(2) Curriculum integration.--The curriculum integration under 
    paragraph (1) may include the following:
            ``(A) Methods to conceptualize QISE for elementary, middle, 
        and high school curricula.
            ``(B) Methods for strengthening foundational mathematics 
        and science curricula.
            ``(C) Methods for integrating students who are underserved 
        or historically underrepresented groups in STEM.
            ``(D) Age-appropriate materials that apply the principles 
        of quantum information science in STEM fields.
            ``(E) Recommendations for the standardization of key 
        concepts, definitions, and curriculum criteria across 
        government, academia, and industry.
            ``(F) Materials that specifically address the findings and 
        outcomes of the study to evaluate and make recommendations for 
        the quantum information science workforce pursuant to 
        subsection (d) of section 10661 of the Research and 
        Development, Competition, and Innovation Act and strategies to 
        account for the skills and workforce needs identified through 
        such study.
        ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
    Director shall coordinate with relevant Federal agencies, and 
    consult with nongovernmental entities with expertise in QISE, as 
    appropriate, which may include institutions eligible to participate 
    in the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research 
    (EPSCoR).
        ``(4) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `STEM' means 
    the academic and professional disciplines of science, technology, 
    engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.''.
    (f) Quantum Education Pilot Program.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Director, building on the National 
    Science Foundation's role in the National Q-12 Education 
    Partnership and programs such as Q2Work Program, shall make awards 
    to institutions of higher education, non-profit organizations, or 
    consortia thereof to carry out a pilot program, to be known as the 
    ``Next Generation Quantum Leaders Pilot Program'' (in this 
    subsection referred to as the ``Program''), for the education and 
    training of the next generation of students and teachers in the 
    fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.
        (2) Requirements.--
            (A) In general.--In carrying out the Program, the Director 
        shall--
                (i) encourage awardees to coordinate with educational 
            service agencies (as such term ``educational service 
            agency'' is defined in section 602(5) of the Individuals 
            with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (20 
            U.S.C. 1401(5))), associations that support STEM educators 
            or local educational agencies, and partnerships through the 
            Q-12 Education Partnership, to encourage elementary 
            schools, middle schools, and secondary schools, and State 
            educational agencies to participate in the Program;
                (ii) require that awardees partner with elementary 
            schools, middle schools, or secondary schools, or consortia 
            thereof, and State educational agencies, to carry out 
            activities under the Program;
            (B) Use of funds.--In carrying out the Program, the 
        Director shall make competitive, merit-reviewed awards to--
                (i) support testing, evaluation, dissemination, and 
            implementation of age-appropriate quantum information 
            sciences curricula and resources, including the integration 
            of quantum information science and engineering into the 
            STEM curriculum pursuant to subsection (d) of section 301 
            of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841), as 
            added by subsection (e);
                (ii) support opportunities for informal education on 
            quantum concepts, including informal hands-on learning 
            opportunities;
                (iii) support opportunities for students to further 
            explore quantum information science education and related 
            careers;
                (iv) develop and implement training, research, and 
            professional development programs for teachers, including 
            innovative pre-service and in-service programs, in quantum 
            information science and related fields; and
                (v) carry out such other activities as the Director 
            determines appropriate.
            (C) Distribution.--In carrying out the Program and to the 
        extent practicable, the Director shall ensure there is a wide, 
        equitable distribution of Program participants across diverse 
        geographic areas and that the Program includes a diverse 
        representation of students, including students from groups 
        historically underrepresented in STEM.
        (3) Consultation.--The Director shall carry out the Program in 
    consultation with the QIS Workforce Working Group of the 
    Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science 
    and Technology Council and the Advancing Informal STEM Learning 
    Program.
        (4) Reporting.--Not later than four years after the date of the 
    enactment of this section, the Director shall submit to Congress a 
    report that includes the following:
            (A) An assessment, that includes feedback from a wide range 
        of stakeholders in academia, K-12 education, and the private 
        sector, of the effectiveness of the Program in scaling up 
        implementation of effective quantum education and training 
        innovations.
            (B) If determined to be effective, a plan for integrating 
        the Program into existing programs, including the feasibility 
        and advisability of expanding the scope of the Program to 
        include additional technology areas, grade levels, and 
        educational institutions beyond those originally selected to 
        participate in the Program.
        (5) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated to the Director $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
    2023 through 2026 to carry out this section.
        (6) Termination.--This subsection shall terminate on the date 
    that is four years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

                   Subtitle H--Blockchain Specialist

SEC. 10671. ESTABLISHMENT OF BLOCKCHAIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCY SPECIALIST 
POSITION WITHIN OSTP.
    The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
establish or designate a blockchain and cryptocurrencies advisory 
specialist position within the Office to coordinate Federal activities 
and advise the President on matters of research and development 
relating to blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and distributed ledger 
technologies.

      Subtitle I--Partnerships for Energy Security and Innovation

SEC. 10691. FOUNDATION FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND INNOVATION.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Board of Directors 
    described in subsection (b)(2)(A).
        (2) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department 
    of Energy.
        (3) Executive director.--The term ``Executive Director'' means 
    the Executive Director described in subsection (b)(5)(A).
        (4) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' means the Foundation 
    for Energy Security and Innovation established under subsection 
    (b)(1).
        (5) Historically black college or university.--The term 
    ``historically Black college or university'' has the meaning given 
    the term ``part B institution'' in section 322 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
        (6) Individual laboratory-associated foundation.--The term 
    ``Individual Laboratory-Associated Foundation'' means a Laboratory 
    Foundation established by an operating contractor of a National 
    Laboratory.
        (7) Minority-serving institution.--The term ``minority serving 
    institution'' means a Hispanic-serving institution as defined in 
    section 502 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a), 
    an Alaska Native-serving institution and a Native Hawaiian-serving 
    institution as defined in section in 317 of the Higher Education 
    Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d), or a Predominantly Black 
    Institution, Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-
    serving institution, or a Native American-serving nontribal 
    institution as defined in section 371 of the Higher Education Act 
    of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q).
        (8) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' has 
    the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 
    2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
        (9) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Energy.
        (10) Tribal college or university.--The term ``Tribal College 
    or University'' has the meaning given in section 316 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).
    (b) Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation.--
        (1) Establishment.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a 
        nonprofit corporation to be known as the ``Foundation for 
        Energy Security and Innovation''.
            (B) Mission.--The mission of the Foundation shall be--
                (i) to support the mission of the Department; and
                (ii) to advance collaboration with energy researchers, 
            institutions of higher education, industry, and nonprofit 
            and philanthropic organizations to accelerate the 
            commercialization of energy technologies.
            (C) Limitation.--The Foundation shall not be an agency or 
        instrumentality of the Federal Government.
            (D) Tax-exempt status.--The Board shall take all necessary 
        and appropriate steps to ensure that the Foundation is an 
        organization that is described in section 501(c) of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under 
        section 501(a) of that Code.
            (E) Collaboration with existing organizations.--The 
        Secretary may collaborate with 1 or more organizations to 
        establish the Foundation and carry out the activities of the 
        Foundation.
        (2) Board of directors.--
            (A) Establishment.--The Foundation shall be governed by a 
        Board of Directors.
            (B) Composition.--
                (i) In general.--The Board shall be composed of the ex 
            officio nonvoting members described in clause (ii) and the 
            appointed voting members described in clause (iii).
                (ii) Ex officio members.--The ex officio members of the 
            Board shall be the following individuals or designees of 
            those individuals:

                    (I) The Secretary.
                    (II) The Under Secretary for Science.
                    (III) The Under Secretary for Nuclear Security.
                    (IV) The Chief Commercialization Officer.

                (iii) Appointed members.--

                    (I) Initial members.--The Secretary and the other 
                ex officio members of the Board shall--

                        (aa) seek to enter into an agreement with the 
                    National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
                    Medicine to develop a list of individuals to serve 
                    as members of the Board who are well-qualified and 
                    will meet the requirements of subclauses (II) and 
                    (III); and
                        (bb) appoint the initial members of the Board 
                    from that list, if applicable, in consultation with 
                    the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
                    and Medicine.

                    (II) Representation.--The appointed members of the 
                Board shall reflect a broad cross-section of 
                stakeholders from academia, National Laboratories, 
                industry, nonprofit organizations, State or local 
                governments, the investment community, and the 
                philanthropic community.
                    (III) Experience.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
                a majority of the appointed members of the Board--

                        (aa)(AA) has experience in the energy sector;
                        (BB) has research experience in the energy 
                    field; or
                        (CC) has experience in technology 
                    commercialization or foundation operations; and
                        (bb) to the extent practicable, represents 
                    diverse regions, sectors, and communities.
            (C) Chair and vice chair.--
                (i) In general.--The Board shall designate from among 
            the members of the Board--

                    (I) an individual to serve as Chair of the Board; 
                and
                    (II) an individual to serve as Vice Chair of the 
                Board.

                (ii) Terms.--The term of service of the Chair and Vice 
            Chair of the Board shall end on the earlier of--

                    (I) the date that is 3 years after the date on 
                which the Chair or Vice Chair of the Board, as 
                applicable, is designated for the position; and
                    (II) the last day of the term of service of the 
                member, as determined under subparagraph (D)(i), who is 
                designated to be Chair or Vice Chair of the Board, as 
                applicable.

                (iii) Representation.--The Chair and Vice Chair of the 
            Board--

                    (I) shall not be representatives of the same area 
                of subject matter expertise, or entity, as applicable, 
                under subparagraph (B)(iii)(II); and
                    (II) shall not be representatives of any area of 
                subject matter expertise, or entity, as applicable, 
                represented by the immediately preceding Chair and Vice 
                Chair of the Board.

            (D) Terms and vacancies.--
                (i) Terms.--

                    (I) In general.--The term of service of each 
                appointed member of the Board shall be not more than 5 
                years.
                    (II) Initial appointed members.--Of the initial 
                members of the Board appointed under subparagraph 
                (B)(iii)(I), half of the members shall serve for 4 
                years and half of the members shall serve for 5 years, 
                as determined by the Chair of the Board.

                (ii) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the membership of the 
            appointed members of the Board--

                    (I) shall be filled in accordance with the bylaws 
                of the Foundation by an individual capable of 
                representing the same area or entity, as applicable, as 
                represented by the vacating board member under 
                subparagraph (B)(iii)(II);
                    (II) shall not affect the power of the remaining 
                appointed members to execute the duties of the Board; 
                and
                    (III) shall be filled by an individual selected by 
                the Board.

            (E) Meetings; quorum.--
                (i) Initial meeting.--Not later than 60 days after the 
            Board is established, the Secretary shall convene a meeting 
            of the ex officio and appointed members of the Board to 
            incorporate the Foundation.
                (ii) Quorum.--A majority of the appointed members of 
            the Board shall constitute a quorum for purposes of 
            conducting the business of the Board.
            (F) Duties.--The Board shall--
                (i) establish bylaws for the Foundation in accordance 
            with subparagraph (G);
                (ii) provide overall direction for the activities of 
            the Foundation and establish priority activities;
                (iii) carry out any other necessary activities of the 
            Foundation;
                (iv) evaluate the performance of the Executive 
            Director; and
                (v) actively solicit and accept funds, gifts, grants, 
            devises, or bequests of real or personal property to the 
            Foundation, including from private entities.
            (G) Bylaws.--
                (i) In general.--The bylaws established under 
            subparagraph (F)(i) may include--

                    (I) policies for the selection of Board members, 
                officers, employees, agents, and contractors of the 
                Foundation;
                    (II) policies, including ethical standards, for--

                        (aa) the acceptance, solicitation, and 
                    disposition of donations and grants to the 
                    Foundation, including appropriate limits on the 
                    ability of donors to designate, by stipulation or 
                    restriction, the use or recipient of donated funds; 
                    and
                        (bb) the disposition of assets of the 
                    Foundation;

                    (III) policies that subject all employees, fellows, 
                trainees, and other agents of the Foundation (including 
                ex officio and appointed members of the Board) to 
                conflict of interest standards; and
                    (IV) the specific duties of the Executive Director.

                (ii) Requirements.--The Board shall ensure that the 
            bylaws of the Foundation and the activities carried out 
            under those bylaws shall not--

                    (I) reflect unfavorably on the ability of the 
                Foundation to carry out activities in a fair and 
                objective manner; or
                    (II) compromise, or appear to compromise, the 
                integrity of any governmental agency or program, or any 
                officer or employee employed by, or involved in, a 
                governmental agency or program.

            (H) Compensation.--
                (i) In general.--No member of the Board shall receive 
            compensation for serving on the Board.
                (ii) Certain expenses.--In accordance with the bylaws 
            of the Foundation, members of the Board may be reimbursed 
            for travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
            subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in 
            carrying out the duties of the Board.
            (I) Restriction on membership.--No employee of the 
        Department shall be appointed as a member of the Board of 
        Directors.
        (3) Purposes.--The purposes of the Foundation are--
            (A) to support the Department in carrying out the mission 
        of the Department to ensure the security and prosperity of the 
        United States by addressing energy and environmental challenges 
        through transformative science and technology solutions; and
            (B) to increase private and philanthropic sector 
        investments that support efforts to create, characterize, 
        develop, test, validate, and deploy or commercialize innovative 
        technologies that address crosscutting national energy 
        challenges, including those affecting minority, rural, and 
        other underserved communities, by methods that include--
                (i) fostering collaboration and partnerships with 
            researchers from the Federal Government, State governments, 
            institutions of higher education, including historically 
            Black colleges or universities, Tribal Colleges or 
            Universities, and minority-serving institutions, federally 
            funded research and development centers, industry, and 
            nonprofit organizations for the research, development, or 
            commercialization of transformative energy and associated 
            technologies;
                (ii) strengthening and sharing best practices relating 
            to regional economic development through scientific and 
            energy innovation, including in partnership with an 
            Individual Laboratory-Associated Foundation;
                (iii) promoting new product development that supports 
            job creation;
                (iv) administering prize competitions--

                    (I) to accelerate private sector competition and 
                investment; and
                    (II) that complement the use of prize authority by 
                the Department;

                (v) supporting programs that advance technology 
            maturation, especially where there may be gaps in Federal 
            or private funding in advancing a technology to deployment 
            or commercialization from the prototype stage to a 
            commercial stage;
                (vi) supporting efforts to broaden participation in 
            energy technology development among individuals from 
            historically underrepresented groups or regions; and
                (vii) facilitating access to Department facilities, 
            equipment, and expertise to assist in tackling national 
            challenges.
        (4) Activities.--
            (A) Studies, competitions, and projects.--The Foundation 
        may conduct and support studies, competitions, projects, and 
        other activities that further the purposes of the Foundation 
        described in paragraph (3).
            (B) Fellowships and grants.--
                (i) In general.--The Foundation may award fellowships 
            and grants for activities relating to research, 
            development, demonstration, maturation, or 
            commercialization of energy and other Department-supported 
            technologies.
                (ii) Form of award.--A fellowship or grant under clause 
            (i) may consist of a stipend, health insurance benefits, 
            funds for travel, and funds for other appropriate expenses.
                (iii) Selection.--In selecting a recipient for a 
            fellowship or grant under clause (i), the Foundation--

                    (I) shall make the selection based on the technical 
                and commercialization merits of the proposed project of 
                the potential recipient; and
                    (II) may consult with a potential recipient 
                regarding the ability of the potential recipient to 
                carry out various projects that would further the 
                purposes of the Foundation described in paragraph (3).

                (iv) National laboratories.--A National Laboratory that 
            applies for or accepts an award under clause (i) shall not 
            be considered to be engaging in a competitive process.
            (C) Accessing facilities and expertise.--The Foundation may 
        work with the Department--
                (i) to leverage the capabilities and facilities of 
            National Laboratories to commercialize technology; and
                (ii) to assist with resources, including by providing 
            information on the assets of each National Laboratory that 
            may enable the deployment and commercialization of 
            technology.
            (D) Training and education.--The Foundation may support 
        programs that provide training to researchers, scientists, 
        other relevant personnel at National Laboratories and 
        institutions of higher education, and previous or current 
        recipients of or applicants for Department funding to help 
        research, develop, demonstrate, deploy, and commercialize 
        federally funded technology.
            (E) Maturation funding.--The Foundation shall support 
        programs that provide maturation funding to researchers to 
        advance the technology of those researchers for the purpose of 
        moving products from a prototype stage to a commercial stage.
            (F) Stakeholder engagement.--The Foundation shall convene, 
        and may consult with, representatives from the Department, 
        institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, the 
        private sector, and commercialization organizations to develop 
        programs for the purposes of the Foundation described in 
        paragraph (3) and to advance the activities of the Foundation.
            (G) Individual and federal laboratory-associated 
        foundations.--
                (i) Definition of covered foundation.--In this 
            subparagraph, the term ``covered foundation'' means each of 
            the following:

                    (I) An Individual Laboratory- Associated 
                Foundation.
                    (II) A Federal Laboratory- Associated Foundation 
                established pursuant to subsection (c)(1).

                (ii) Support.--The Foundation shall provide support to 
            and collaborate with covered foundations.
                (iii) Guidelines and templates.--For the purpose of 
            providing support under clause (ii), the Secretary shall 
            establish suggested guidelines and templates for covered 
            foundations, including--

                    (I) a standard adaptable organizational design for 
                responsible management;
                    (II) standard and legally tenable bylaws and money-
                handling procedures; and
                    (III) a standard training curriculum to orient and 
                expand the operating expertise of personnel employed by 
                covered foundations.

                (iv) Affiliations.--Nothing in this subparagraph 
            requires--

                    (I) an existing Individual Laboratory-Associated 
                Foundation to modify current practices or affiliate 
                with the Foundation; or
                    (II) a covered foundation to be bound by charter or 
                corporate bylaws as permanently affiliated with the 
                Foundation.

            (H) Supplemental programs.--The Foundation may carry out 
        supplemental programs--
                (i) to conduct and support forums, meetings, 
            conferences, courses, and training workshops consistent 
            with the purposes of the Foundation described in paragraph 
            (3);
                (ii) to support and encourage the understanding and 
            development of data that promotes the translation of 
            technologies from the research stage, through the 
            development and maturation stage, and ending in the market 
            stage;
                (iii) for writing, editing, printing, publishing, and 
            vending books and other materials relating to research 
            carried out under the Foundation and the Department; and
                (iv) to conduct other activities to carry out and 
            support the purposes of the Foundation described in 
            paragraph (3).
            (I) Evaluations.--The Foundation shall support the 
        development of an evaluation methodology, to be used as part of 
        any program supported by the Foundation, that shall--
                (i) consist of qualitative and quantitative metrics; 
            and
                (ii) include periodic third party evaluation of those 
            programs and other activities of the Foundation.
            (J) Communications.--The Foundation shall develop an 
        expertise in communications to promote the work of grant and 
        fellowship recipients under subparagraph (B), the 
        commercialization successes of the Foundation, opportunities 
        for partnership with the Foundation, and other activities.
            (K) Solicitation and use of funds.--The Foundation may 
        solicit and accept gifts, grants, and other donations, 
        establish accounts, and invest and expend funds in support of 
        the activities and programs of the Foundation.
            (L) Authority of the foundation.--The Foundation shall be 
        the sole entity responsible for carrying out the activities 
        described in this paragraph.
        (5) Administration.--
            (A) Executive director.--The Board shall hire an Executive 
        Director of the Foundation, who shall serve at the pleasure of 
        the Board. Subject to the compliance with the policies and 
        bylaws established pursuant to paragraph (2)(G), the Executive 
        Director shall be responsible for the daily operations of the 
        Foundation in carrying the activities described in paragraph 
        (4).
            (B) Compensation.--The rate of compensation of the 
        Executive Director shall be fixed by the Board.
            (C) Administrative control.--No member of the Board, 
        officer or employee of the Foundation or of any program 
        established by the Foundation, or participant in a program 
        established by the Foundation, shall exercise administrative 
        control over any Federal employee.
            (D) Strategic plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Foundation shall submit to the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives a strategic plan that contains--
                (i) a plan for the Foundation to become financially 
            self-sustaining in fiscal year 2023 and thereafter (except 
            for the amounts provided each fiscal year under paragraph 
            (11)(A)(iii));
                (ii) a forecast of major crosscutting energy challenge 
            opportunities, including short- and long-term objectives, 
            identified by the Board, with input from communities 
            representing the entities and areas of subject matter 
            expertise, as applicable, described in paragraph 
            (2)(B)(iii)(II);
                (iii) a description of the efforts that the Foundation 
            will take to be transparent in the processes of the 
            Foundation, including processes relating to--

                    (I) grant awards, including selection, review, and 
                notification;
                    (II) communication of past, current, and future 
                research priorities; and
                    (III) solicitation of and response to public input 
                on the opportunities identified under clause (ii);

                (iv) a description of the financial goals and 
            benchmarks of the Foundation for the following 10 years;
                (v) a description of the efforts undertaken by the 
            Foundation to engage historically underrepresented groups 
            or regions, including through collaborations with 
            historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal 
            Colleges or Universities, minority-serving institutions, 
            and minority-owned and women-owned business, and;
                (vi) a description of the efforts undertaken by the 
            Foundation to ensure maximum complementarity and minimum 
            redundancy with investments made by the Department.
            (E) Annual report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on 
        which the Foundation is established, and every years 
        thereafter, the Foundation shall submit to the Committee on 
        Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, the Committee on 
        Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, 
        and the Secretary a report that, for the year covered by the 
        report--
                (i) describes the activities of the Foundation and the 
            progress of the Foundation in furthering the purposes of 
            the Foundation described in paragraph (3);
                (ii) provides a specific accounting of the source and 
            use of all funds made available to the Foundation to carry 
            out those activities to ensure transparency in the 
            alignment of Department missions and policies with national 
            security;
                (iii) describes how the results of the activities of 
            the Foundation could be incorporated into the procurement 
            processes of the General Services Administration; and
                (iv) includes a summary of each evaluation conducted 
            using the evaluation methodology described in paragraph 
            (4)(I).
            (F) Evaluation by comptroller general.--Not later than 5 
        years after the date on which the Foundation is established, 
        the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to 
        the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and 
        the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives--
                (i) an evaluation of--

                    (I) the extent to which the Foundation is achieving 
                the mission of the Foundation; and
                    (II) the operation of the Foundation; and

                (ii) any recommendations on how the Foundation may be 
            improved.
            (G) Audits.--The Foundation shall--
                (i) provide for annual audits of the financial 
            condition of the Foundation; and
                (ii) make the audits, and all other records, documents, 
            and papers of the Foundation, available to the Secretary 
            and the Comptroller General of the United States for 
            examination or audit.
            (H) Separate fund accounts.--The Board shall ensure that 
        any funds received under paragraph (11)(A) are held in a 
        separate account from any other funds received by the 
        Foundation.
            (I) Integrity.--
                (i) In general.--To ensure integrity in the operations 
            of the Foundation, the Board shall develop and enforce 
            procedures relating to standards of conduct, financial 
            disclosure statements, conflicts of interest (including 
            recusal and waiver rules), audits, and any other matters 
            determined appropriate by the Board.
                (ii) Financial conflicts of interest.--To mitigate 
            conflicts of interest and risks from malign foreign 
            influence, any individual who is an officer, employee, or 
            member of the Board is prohibited from any participation in 
            deliberations by the Foundation of a matter that would 
            directly or predictably affect any financial interest of--

                    (I) the individual;
                    (II) a relative (as defined in section 109 of the 
                Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.)) of 
                that individual; or
                    (III) a business organization or other entity in 
                which the individual has an interest, including an 
                organization or other entity with which the individual 
                is negotiating employment.

            (J) Intellectual property.--The Board shall adopt written 
        standards to govern the ownership and licensing of any 
        intellectual property rights developed by the Foundation or 
        derived from the collaborative efforts of the Foundation.
            (K) Liability.--
                (i) In general.--The United States shall not be liable 
            for any debts, defaults, acts, or omissions of--

                    (I) the Foundation;
                    (II) a Federal entity with respect to an agreement 
                of that Federal entity with the Foundation; or
                    (III) an Individual Laboratory- Associated 
                Foundation with respect to an agreement of that Federal 
                entity with the Foundation.

                (ii) Full faith and credit.--The full faith and credit 
            of the United States shall not extend to any obligations of 
            the Foundation.
            (L) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Foundation 
        or an Individual Laboratory-Associated Foundation.
        (6) Department collaboration.--
            (A) National laboratories.--The Secretary shall collaborate 
        with the Foundation to develop a process to ensure 
        collaboration and coordination between the Department, the 
        Foundation, and National Laboratories--
                (i) to streamline contracting processes between 
            National Laboratories and the Foundation, including by--

                    (I) streamlining the ability of the Foundation to 
                transfer equipment and funds to National Laboratories;
                    (II) standardizing contract mechanisms to be used 
                by the Foundation in engaging with National 
                Laboratories; and
                    (III) streamlining the ability of the Foundation to 
                fund endowed positions at National Laboratories;

                (ii) to allow a National Laboratory or site of a 
            National Laboratory--

                    (I) to accept and perform work for the Foundation, 
                consistent with provided resources, notwithstanding any 
                other provision of law governing the administration, 
                mission, use, or operations of the National Laboratory 
                or site, as applicable; and
                    (II) to perform that work on a basis equal to other 
                missions at the National Laboratory; and

                (iii) to permit the director of any National Laboratory 
            or site of a National Laboratory to enter into a 
            cooperative research and development agreement or negotiate 
            a licensing agreement with the Foundation pursuant to 
            section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
            Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a).
            (B) Department liaisons.--The Secretary shall appoint 
        liaisons from across the Department to collaborate and 
        coordinate with the Foundation, including not less than 1 
        liaison from the Office of Technology Transitions, who shall 
        ensure that the Foundation works in conjunction with and does 
        not duplicate existing activities and programs carried out by 
        the Department, including the Technology Commercialization Fund 
        of the Department.
            (C) Administration.--The Secretary shall leverage 
        appropriate arrangements, contracts, and directives to carry 
        out the process developed under subparagraph (A).
        (7) National security.--Nothing in this subsection exempts the 
    Foundation from any national security policy of the Department.
        (8) Support services.--The Secretary may provide facilities, 
    utilities, and support services to the Foundation if it is 
    determined by the Secretary to be advantageous to the research 
    programs of the Department.
        (9) Preemption of authority.--This subsection shall not preempt 
    any authority or responsibility of the Secretary under any other 
    provision of law.
        (10) Transfer funds.--The Foundation may transfer funds to the 
    Department, which shall be subject to all applicable Federal 
    limitations relating to federally funded research.
        (11) Authorization of appropriations.--
            (A) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated--
                (i) not less than $1,500,000 shall be for the Secretary 
            for fiscal year 2023 to establish the Foundation;
                (ii) not less than $30,000,000 shall be for the 
            Foundation for fiscal year 2024 to carry out the activities 
            of the Foundation; and
                (iii) not less than $3,000,000 shall be for the 
            Foundation for each of the fiscal years 2025 through 2027 
            for administrative and operational costs.
            (B) Limitation.--None of the funds authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary by subparagraph (A)(i) of this 
        paragraph shall be used for construction.
            (C) Cost share.--Funds made available under subparagraph 
        (A)(ii) shall be required to be cost- shared by a partner of 
        the Foundation other than the Department or a National 
        Laboratory.
    (c) National Energy Technology Laboratory-associated Foundation.--
        (1) Establishment.--
            (A) In general.--The National Energy Technology Laboratory 
        may establish, or enter into an agreement with a nonprofit 
        organization to establish, a Federal Laboratory-Associated 
        Foundation (referred to in this subsection as a ``Laboratory 
        Foundation'') to support the mission of the National Energy 
        Technology Laboratory.
            (B) Not agency or instrumentality.--A Laboratory Foundation 
        shall not be an agency or instrumentality of the Federal 
        Government.
            (C) Governance structure.--A Laboratory Foundation 
        established under subparagraph (A) shall have a separate 
        governance structure from, and shall be managed independently 
        of, the National Energy Technology Laboratory.
        (2) Activities.--Activities of a Laboratory Foundation may 
    include--
            (A) conducting support studies, competitions, projects, 
        research, and other activities that further the purpose of the 
        Laboratory Foundation;
            (B) carrying out programs to foster collaboration and 
        partnership among researchers from the Federal Government, 
        State governments, institutions of higher education, federally 
        funded research and development centers, and industry and 
        nonprofit organizations relating to the research, development, 
        and commercialization of federally supported technologies;
            (C) carrying out programs to leverage technologies to 
        support new product development that supports regional economic 
        development;
            (D) administering prize competitions--
                (i) to accelerate private sector competition and 
            investment; and
                (ii) that complement the use of prize authority by the 
            Department;
            (E) providing fellowships and grants to research and 
        development personnel at, or affiliated with, federally funded 
        centers, in accordance with paragraph (3);
            (F) carrying out programs--
                (i) that allow scientists from foreign countries to 
            serve in research capacities in the United States or other 
            countries in association with the National Energy 
            Technology Laboratory;
                (ii) that provide opportunities for employees of the 
            National Energy Technology Laboratory to serve in research 
            capacities in foreign countries;
                (iii) to conduct studies, projects, or research in 
            collaboration with national and international nonprofit and 
            for-profit organizations, which may include the provision 
            of stipends, travel, and other support for personnel;
                (iv)(I) to hold forums, meetings, conferences, courses, 
            and training workshops that may include undergraduate, 
            graduate, post- graduate, and post-doctoral accredited 
            courses; and
                (II) for the accreditation of those courses by the 
            Laboratory Foundation at the State and national level for 
            college degrees or continuing education credits;
                (v) to support and encourage teachers and students of 
            science at all levels of education;
                (vi) to promote an understanding of science amongst the 
            general public;
                (vii) for writing, editing, printing, publishing, and 
            vending of relevant books and other materials; and
                (viii) for the conduct of other activities to carry out 
            and support the purpose of the Laboratory Foundation; and
            (G) receiving, administering, soliciting, accepting, and 
        using funds, gifts, devises, or bequests, either absolutely or 
        in trust of real or personal property or any income therefrom, 
        or other interest or equity therein for the benefit of, or in 
        connection with, the mission of the applicable Federal 
        laboratory, in accordance with paragraph (4).
        (3) Fellowships and grants.--
            (A) Selection.--Recipients of fellowships and grants 
        described in paragraph (2)(E) shall be selected--
                (i) by a Laboratory Foundation and the donors to a 
            Laboratory Foundation;
                (ii) subject to the agreement of the head of the agency 
            the mission of which is supported by a Laboratory 
            Foundation; and
                (iii) in the case of a fellowship, based on the 
            recommendation of the employees of the National Energy 
            Technology Laboratory at which the fellow would serve.
            (B) Expenses.--Fellowships and grants described in 
        paragraph (2)(E) may include stipends, travel, health 
        insurance, benefits, and other appropriate expenses.
        (4) Gifts.--An amount of funds, a gift, a devise, or a bequest 
    described in paragraph (2)(G) may be accepted by a Laboratory 
    Foundation regardless of whether it is encumbered, restricted, or 
    subject to a beneficial interest of a private person if any current 
    or future interest of the funds, gift, devise, or bequest is for 
    the benefit of the research and development activities of the 
    National Energy Technology Laboratory.
        (5) Ownership by federal government.--A contribution, gift, or 
    any other transfer made to or for the use of a Laboratory 
    Foundation shall be regarded as a contribution, gift, or transfer 
    to or for the use of the Federal Government.
        (6) Liability.--The United States shall not be liable for any 
    debts, defaults, acts, or omissions of a Laboratory Foundation.
        (7) Transfer of funds.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
    law, a Laboratory Foundation may transfer funds to the National 
    Energy Technology Laboratory and the National Energy Technology 
    Laboratory may accept that transfer of funds.
        (8) Other laws.--This subsection shall not alter or supersede 
    any other provision of law governing the authority, scope, 
    establishment, or use of nonprofit organizations by a Federal 
    agency.

               Subtitle J--Energizing Technology Transfer

SEC. 10701. DEFINITIONS.
    In this subtitle:
        (1) Clean energy technology.--The term ``clean energy 
    technology'' means a technology that significantly reduces energy 
    use, increases energy efficiency, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, 
    reduces emissions of other pollutants, or mitigates other negative 
    environmental consequences of energy production, transmission or 
    use.
        (2) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department 
    of Energy.
        (3) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of each 
    National Laboratory and the Director of each Department of Energy 
    single-purpose research facility.
        (4) Economically distressed area.--The term ``economically 
    distressed area'' has the meaning described in section 301(a) of 
    the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
    3161(a)).
        (5) Grant.--The term ``grant'' means a grant award, cooperative 
    agreement award, or any other financial assistance arrangement that 
    the Secretary of Energy determines to be appropriate.
        (6) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of 
    higher education'' has the meaning given such term in section 101 
    of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (20 U.S.C. 1001).
        (7) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' has 
    the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act 
    of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
        (8) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Energy.

       PART 1--NATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAMS

SEC. 10713. NATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY INCUBATOR PROGRAM.
    (a) Clean Energy Incubator Defined.--In this section, the term 
``clean energy incubator''--
        (1) means any entity that is designed to accelerate the 
    commercial application of clean energy technologies by providing--
            (A) physical workspace, labs, and prototyping facilities to 
        support clean energy startups or established clean energy 
        companies; or
            (B) companies developing such technologies with support, 
        resources, and services, including--
                (i) access to business education and counseling;
                (ii) mentorship opportunities; and
                (iii) other services rendered for the purpose of aiding 
            the development and commercial application of a clean 
            energy technology; and
        (2) may include a program within or established by a National 
    Laboratory, an institution of higher education or a State, 
    territorial, local, or tribal government.
    (b) Program Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Chief 
Commercialization Officer established in section 1001(a) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16391(a)), shall establish a Clean Energy 
Incubator Program (herein referred to as the ``program'') to 
competitively award grants to clean energy incubators.
    (c) Clean Energy Incubator Selection.--In awarding grants to clean 
energy incubators under subsection (b), the Secretary shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable, prioritize funding clean energy incubators 
that--
        (1) partner with entities that carry out activities relevant to 
    the activities of such incubator and that operate at the local, 
    State, and regional levels;
        (2) support the commercial application activities of startup 
    companies focused on physical hardware, computational, or 
    integrated hardware and software technologies;
        (3) are located in geographically diverse regions of the United 
    States, such as the Great Lakes region;
        (4) are located in, or partner with entities located in, 
    economically-distressed areas;
        (5) support the development of entities focused on expanding 
    clean energy tools and technologies to rural, Tribal, and low-
    income communities;
        (6) support the commercial application of technologies being 
    developed by clean energy entrepreneurs from underrepresented 
    backgrounds; and
        (7) have a plan for sustaining activities of the incubator 
    after grant funds received under this program have been expended.
    (d) Award Limits.--The Secretary shall not award more than 
$4,000,000 to one or more incubators in one given State, per fiscal 
year.
    (e) Duration.--Each grant under subsection (b) shall be for a 
period of no longer than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations.
    (f) Use of Funds.--An entity receiving a grant under this section 
may use grant amounts for operating expenses.
    (g) Renewal.--An award made to a clean energy incubator under this 
section may be renewed for a period of not more than 3 years, subject 
to merit review.
    (h) Evaluation.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of 
the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate an evaluation of the program 
established under this section that includes analyses of the 
performance of the clean energy incubators.
    (i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $15,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10714. CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY PRIZE COMPETITION.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means a 
    nonprofit entity, an institution of higher education, or an entity 
    working with one or more institutions of higher education.
        (2) Minority-serving institution.--The term ``minority-serving 
    institution'' means an institution described in section 371(a) of 
    the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
    (b) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program, known as 
the ``Clean Energy Technology University Prize'', to award funding for 
eligible entities to carry out regional and one national clean energy 
technology prize competitions, under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler 
Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719). In carrying out 
such prize competitions, students shall compete to develop a business 
model for furthering the commercial application of an innovative clean 
energy technology.
    (c) Training Funding.--In carrying out this program, the Secretary 
may provide funding to train participating students in skills needed 
for the successful commercial application of clean energy technologies, 
including through virtual training sessions.
    (d) Prioritization.--In awarding grants under this section, the 
Secretary shall prioritize awarding grants to eligible entities that 
work with students at minority-serving institutions.
    (e) Coordination.--In carrying out this program, the Secretary 
shall coordinate and partner with other clean energy technology prize 
competitions. In doing so, the Secretary may develop and disseminate 
best practices for administering prize competitions under this section.
    (f) Report.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
Secretary shall report annually on the progress and implementation of 
the program established under section (b).
    (g) Evaluation.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of 
the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate an evaluation on the long-term 
outcomes of the program established under this section and the progress 
towards achieving the purposes of the program in subsection (b).
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities authorized in 
this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10715. CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER COORDINATION.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief 
Commercialization Officer established in section 1001 (a) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16391 (a)), shall support the 
coordination of relevant technology transfer programs that advance the 
commercial application of clean energy technologies nationally and 
across all energy sectors. In particular, the Secretary may support 
activities to--
        (1) facilitate the sharing of information on best practices for 
    successful operation of clean energy technology transfer programs;
        (2) coordinate resources and improve cooperation among clean 
    energy technology transfer programs;
        (3) facilitate connections between entrepreneurs and start-up 
    companies and the variety of programs related to clean energy 
    technology transfer under the Department; and
        (4) facilitate the development of metrics to measure the impact 
    of clean energy technology transfer programs on--
            (A) advancing the development, demonstration, and 
        commercial application of clean energy technologies;
            (B) increasing the competitiveness of United States in the 
        clean energy sector, including in manufacturing; and
            (C) commercial application of clean energy technologies 
        being developed by entrepreneurs from under-represented 
        backgrounds.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities in this 
section $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.

 PART 2--SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT THE NATIONAL LABORATORIES

SEC. 10716. LAB PARTNERING SERVICE PILOT PROGRAM.
     Section 9002 of division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2021 (Public Law 116-260) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2025 to carry out subsections (a), (b), and (c), and $1,700,000 
for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2025 for National Laboratory 
employees to provide services under subsection (d).''.
SEC. 10717. LAB-EMBEDDED ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall competitively award grants to 
National Laboratories for the purpose of establishing or supporting 
Lab-Embedded Entrepreneurship Programs.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of such programs are to provide 
entrepreneurial fellows with access to National Laboratory research 
facilities, National Laboratory expertise, and mentorship to perform 
research and development and gain expertise that may be required or 
beneficial for the commercial application of research ideas.
    (c) Entrepreneurial Fellows.--An entrepreneurial fellow 
participating in a program described in subsection (a) shall be 
provided with--
        (1) opportunities for entrepreneurial training, professional 
    development, and exposure to leaders from academia, industry, 
    government, and finance who may serve as advisors to or partners of 
    the fellow;
        (2) financial and technical support for research, development, 
    and commercial application activities;
        (3) fellowship awards to cover costs of living, health 
    insurance, and travel stipends for the duration of the fellowship; 
    and
        (4) any other resources determined appropriate by the 
    Secretary.
    (d) Program Activities.--Each National Laboratory that receives 
funding under this section shall support entrepreneurial fellows by 
providing--
        (1) access to facilities and expertise within the National 
    Laboratory;
        (2) engagement with external stakeholders; and
        (3) market and customer development opportunities.
    (e) Administration.--National Laboratories that receive grants 
under this section shall prioritize the support and success of the 
entrepreneurial fellow with regards to professional development and 
development of a relevant technology.
    (f) Partnerships.--In carrying out a Lab-Embedded Entrepreneurship 
Program, a National Laboratory may partner with an external entity, 
including--
        (1) a nonprofit organization;
        (2) an institution of higher education;
        (3) a federally-owned corporation; or
        (4) a consortium of 2 or more entities described in paragraphs 
    (1) through (3).
    (g) Metrics.--The Secretary shall support the development of short-
term and long-term metrics to assess the effectiveness of programs 
receiving a grant under subsection (a) in achieving the purposes of the 
program in subsection (a).
    (h) Evaluation.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of 
the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate an evaluation of the effectiveness 
of the programs under subsection (a) based on the metrics developed 
pursuant to subsection (g).
    (i) Coordination.--The Secretary shall oversee the planning and 
coordination of grants under subsection (a) and shall identify and 
disseminate best practices for achieving the purposes of subsection (a) 
to National Laboratories that receive grants under this section.
    (j) Interagency Collaboration.--The Secretary shall collaborate 
with other executive branch agencies, including the Department of 
Defense and other agencies with Federal laboratories, regarding 
opportunities to partner with National Laboratories receiving a grant 
under subsection (a).
    (k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities authorized in 
this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
SEC. 10718. SMALL BUSINESS VOUCHER PROGRAM.
    Section 1003 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16393) is 
amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``, 
        and may require the Director of a single-purpose research 
        facility,'' and inserting ``(as defined in section 2) and the 
        Director of each single-purpose research facility'';
            (B) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) by striking ``increase'' and inserting 
            ``encourage''; and
                (ii) by striking ``collaborative research,'' and 
            inserting ``research, development, demonstration, and 
            commercial application activities, including product 
            development,'';
            (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``procurement and 
        collaborative research'' and inserting ``the activities 
        described in paragraph (1)'';
            (D) in paragraph (3)--
                (i) by inserting ``facilities,'' before ``training''; 
            and
                (ii) by striking ``procurement and collaborative 
            research activities'' and inserting ``the activities 
            described in paragraph (1)''; and
            (E) in paragraph (5), by striking ``for the program under 
        subsection (b)'' and inserting ``and metrics for the programs 
        under subsections (b) and (c)'';
        (2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) 
    and (e), respectively;
        (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Small Business Voucher Program.--
        ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            ``(A) Director.--The term `Director' means--
                ``(i) the Director of each National Laboratory; and
                ``(ii) the Director of each single-purpose research 
            facility.
            ``(B) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 2.
            ``(C) Program.--The term `program' means the program 
        established under paragraph (2).
            ``(D) Small business concern.--The term `small business 
        concern' has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the 
        Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
        ``(2) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief 
    Commercialization Officer appointed under section 1001(a), and in 
    consultation with the Directors, shall establish a program to 
    provide small business concerns with vouchers under paragraph (3)--
            ``(A) to achieve the goal described in subsection (a)(1); 
        and
            ``(B) to improve the products, services, and capabilities 
        of small business concerns in the mission space of the 
        Department.
        ``(3) Vouchers.--Under the program, the Directors are 
    authorized to provide to small business concerns vouchers to be 
    used at National Laboratories and single-purpose research 
    facilities for--
            ``(A) research, development, demonstration, technology 
        transfer, skills training and workforce development, or 
        commercial application activities; or
            ``(B) any other activities that the applicable Director 
        determines appropriate.
        ``(4) Expedited approval.--The Secretary, working with the 
    Directors, shall establish a stream-lined approval process for 
    financial assistance agreements signed between--
            ``(A) small business concerns selected to receive a voucher 
        under the program; and
            ``(B) the National Laboratories and single-purpose research 
        facilities.
        ``(5) Cost-sharing requirement.--In carrying out the program, 
    the Secretary shall require cost-sharing in accordance with section 
    988.
        ``(6) Report.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of 
    the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
    Secretary shall report annually on the progress and implementation 
    of the small business voucher program established under this 
    section, including the number and locations of small businesses 
    that received grants under this program.''; and
        (4) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), by striking ``for 
    activities under this section'' and inserting ``for activities 
    under subsection (b)'' and inserting before the period at the end 
    ``and for activities under subsection (c) $25,000,000 for each of 
    fiscal years 2023 through 2027''.
SEC. 10719. ENTREPRENEURIAL LEAVE PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall delegate to Directors the 
authority to carry out an entrepreneurial leave program (referred to in 
this section as the ``program'') to allow National Laboratory employees 
to take a full leave of absence from their position, with the option to 
return to that or a comparable position up to 3 years later, or a 
partial leave of absence, to advance the commercial application of 
energy and related technologies relevant to the mission of the 
Department.
    (b) Termination Authority.--Directors shall retain the authority to 
terminate National Laboratory employees that participate in the program 
if such employees are found to violate terms prescribed by the National 
Laboratory at which such employee is employed.
    (c) Licensing.--To reduce barriers to participation in the program, 
the Secretary shall delegate to the Directors the requirement to 
establish streamlined mechanisms for facilitating the licensing of 
technology that is the focus of National Laboratory employees who 
participate in the program.
    (d) Report.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
Secretary shall report annually on the utilization of this authority at 
National Laboratories, including the number of employees who 
participate in this program at each National Laboratory and the number 
of employees who take a permanent leave from their positions at 
National Laboratories as a result of participating in this program.
    (e) Federal Ethics.--Nothing in this section shall affect existing 
Federal ethics rules applicable to Federal personnel.
SEC. 10720. NATIONAL LABORATORY NON-FEDERAL EMPLOYEE OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT 
AUTHORITY.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall delegate to Directors of 
National Laboratories the authority to allow their non-Federal 
employees--
        (1) to engage in outside employment, including start-up 
    companies based on licensing technologies developed at National 
    Laboratories and consulting in their areas of expertise, and 
    receive compensation from such entities; and
        (2) to engage in outside activities related to their areas of 
    expertise at the National Laboratory and may allow employees, in 
    their employment capacity at such outside employment, to access the 
    National Laboratories under the same contracting mechanisms as non-
    Laboratory employees and entities, in accordance with appropriate 
    conflict of interest protocols.
    (b) Requirements.--If a Director elects to use the authority 
granted by subsection (a) of this section, the Director, or their 
designee, shall--
        (1) require employees to disclose to and obtain approval from 
    the Director or their designee prior to engaging in any outside 
    employment;
        (2) develop and require appropriate conflict of interest 
    protocols for employees that engage in outside employment;
        (3) maintain the authority to terminate employees engaging in 
    outside employment if they are found to violate terms, including 
    conflict of interest protocols, mandated by the Director; and
        (4) ensure that any such programs or activities are in 
    conformance with the Department's research security policies, 
    including DOE Order 486.1.
    (c) Additional Restrictions.--Employees engaging in outside 
employment may not--
        (1) allow such activities to interfere with or impede their 
    duties at the National Laboratory;
        (2) engage in activities related to outside employment using 
    National Laboratory government equipment, property, or resources, 
    unless such activities are performed under National Laboratory 
    contracting mechanisms, such as Cooperative Research and 
    Development Agreements or Strategic Partnership Projects, whereby 
    all conflicts of interest requirements apply; or
        (3) use their position at a National Laboratory to provide an 
    unfair competitive advantage to an outside employer or start-up 
    activity.
    (d) Federal Ethics.--Nothing in this section shall affect existing 
Federal ethics rules applicable to Federal personnel.

               PART 3--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY MODERNIZATION

SEC. 10722. OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSITIONS.
    Section 1001(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16391) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(6) Hiring and management.--To carry out the program 
    authorized in this section, the Under Secretary for Science may 
    appoint personnel using the authorities in section 10726 of the 
    Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act.
        ``(7) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to 
    be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
    authorized in this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
    2023 through 2027.''.
SEC. 10723. MANAGEMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.
    Section 41201 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (42 
U.S.C. 18861) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b), by inserting ``including the Office of 
    Technology Transitions, the Loan Program Office, and all applied 
    program offices,'' after ``Department,'';
        (2) in subsection (d), by inserting ``, including by using the 
    authorities in section 10726 of the Research and Development, 
    Competition, and Innovation Act,'' after ``personnel'';
        (3) by redesignating subsections (e), (f), and (g) as 
    subsections (g), (h), and (i), respectively;
        (4) by adding after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Additional Authority.--The Secretary may solicit, select, and 
manage covered projects directly through the program.
    ``(f) Project Termination.--Should an ongoing covered project 
receive an unfavorable review under subsection (c)(5), the Secretary or 
their designee may cease funding the covered project and reallocate the 
remaining funds to new or existing covered projects carried out by that 
program office.''; and
        (5) in subsection (h)(1) (as so redesignated), by striking 
    ``The Secretary'' and inserting ``In accordance with section 9007 
    of division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public 
    Law 116-260), the Secretary''.
SEC. 10724. STREAMLINING PRIZE COMPETITIONS.
    (a) Reporting.--Section 1008 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16396) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Report.--In accordance with section 9007 of division Z of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), the 
Secretary shall report annually on a description of any prize 
competitions carried out using the authority under this section, the 
total amount of prizes awarded along with any private sector 
contributions, the methods used for solicitation and evaluation, and a 
description of how each prize competition advanced the mission of the 
Department.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 1008 of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16396) is amended by redesignating the second 
subsection (e) (relating to authorization of appropriations) as 
subsection (f).
SEC. 10725. COST-SHARE WAIVER EXTENSION.
    (a) In General.--Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16352) is amended in subsection (b)(4)(B) by striking ``this 
paragraph'' and inserting ``the Research and Development, Competition, 
and Innovation Act''.
    (b) Report.--Section 108(b) of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act is amended in subsection (b) by striking ``this 
Act'' each place it appears and inserting ``the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act''.
SEC. 10726. SPECIAL HIRING AUTHORITY FOR SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING, AND 
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL.
    (a) In General.--The Under Secretary for Science shall have the 
authority to--
        (1) make appointments of not more than 60 scientific, 
    engineering, and professional personnel, without regard to civil 
    service laws, to assist the Department in meeting specific project 
    or research needs;
        (2) fix the basic pay of any employee appointed under this 
    section at a rate to be determined by the Under Secretary at rates 
    not in excess of Level II of the Executive Schedule (EX-II) under 
    section 5311 of title 5, United States Code without regard to the 
    civil service laws; and
        (3) pay any employee appointed under this section payments in 
    addition to basic pay, except that the total amount of additional 
    payments paid to an employee under this subsection for any 12-month 
    period shall not exceed the lesser of the following amounts:
            (A) $25,000.
            (B) The amount equal to 25 percent of the annual rate of 
        basic pay of that employee.
            (C) The amount of the limitation that is applicable for a 
        calendar year under section 5307(a)(1) of title 5, United 
        States Code.
    (b) Term.--
        (1) In general.--The term of any employee appointed under this 
    section shall not exceed 3 years unless otherwise authorized in 
    law.
        (2) Termination.--The Under Secretary for Science shall have 
    the authority to terminate any employee appointed under this 
    section at any time based on performance or changing project or 
    research needs of the Department.
SEC. 10727. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER REPORTS AND EVALUATION.
    Section 9007 of division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2021 (Public Law 116-260) is amended as follows:
    ``(a) Annual Report.--As part of the updated technology transfer 
execution plan required each year under section 1001(h)(2) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16391(h)(2)), the Secretary of 
Energy (in this section referred to as the `Secretary') shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the progress and implementation of programs 
established under sections 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, and 9005 of this Act 
and under sections 10714, 10718, 10719, 10720, and 10723 of the 
Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act.
    ``(b) Evaluation.--Not later than 3 years after the enactment of 
this Act and every 3 years thereafter the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate an evaluation on the extent to which programs established 
under sections 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, and 9005 of this Act and 
sections 10713, 10714, 10715, and 10717 of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act are achieving success 
based on relevant short-term and long-term metrics.''.

                         Subtitle K--Micro Act

SEC. 10731. MICROELECTRONICS RESEARCH FOR ENERGY INNOVATION.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Center.--The term ``Center'' means a Microelectronics 
    Science Research Center established pursuant to subsection (d).
        (2) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department 
    of Energy.
        (3) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
    Office of Science.
        (4) Historically black college or university.--The term 
    ``historically Black college or university'' has the meaning given 
    the term ``part B institution'' in section 322 of the Higher 
    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
        (5) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of 
    higher education'' has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) 
    of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
        (6) Microelectronics.--The term ``microelectronics'' means--
            (A) a semiconductor and related materials;
            (B) processing chemistries;
            (C) design technologies;
            (D) fabrication technologies;
            (E) lithography technologies;
            (F) packaging technologies;
            (G) a sensor;
            (H) a device;
            (I) an integrated circuit;
            (J) a processor;
            (K) computing architecture;
            (L) modeling and simulation;
            (M) a software tool; and
            (N) any other related technology.
        (7) Minority-serving institution.--The term ``minority-serving 
    institution'' means--
            (A) a Hispanic-serving institution (as defined in section 
        502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1101a(a)));
            (B) an Alaska Native-serving institution (as defined in 
        section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1059d(b)));
            (C) a Native Hawaiian-serving institution (as defined in 
        that section);
            (D) a Predominantly Black Institution (as defined in 
        section 371(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1067q(c)));
            (E) an Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-
        serving institution (as defined in that section); and
            (F) a Native American-serving nontribal institution (as 
        defined in that section).
        (8) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' has 
    the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 
    2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
        (9) Program.--The term ``program'' means the program 
    established under subsection (c)(1).
        (10) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Energy.
        (11) Skilled technical workforce.--The term ``skilled technical 
    workforce'' has the meaning given the term in section 4(b)(3) of 
    the Innovations in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act (42 
    U.S.C. 1862p note; Public Law 115-402).
        (12) Tribal college or university.--The term ``Tribal College 
    or University'' has the meaning given the term in section 316 of 
    the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).
        (13) Work-based learning.--The term ``work-based learning'' has 
    the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins 
    Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302).
    (b) Findings.--Congress finds that--
        (1) the coming end of Moore's Law presents major technological 
    challenges and opportunities for the United States and has 
    important implications for national security, economic 
    competitiveness, and scientific discovery;
        (2) future progress and innovation in microelectronics, and the 
    maintenance of a robust domestic microelectronics supply chain, 
    will require an approach that advances relevant materials science, 
    electronic and photonic device technologies, processing and 
    packaging technologies, manufacturing technologies, circuit, chip, 
    and system architecture, and software system and algorithm 
    development in a codesign fashion;
        (3) the National Laboratories possess unique technical 
    expertise and user facilities that are essential to--
            (A) overcoming foundational research challenges relevant to 
        the topics described in paragraph (2); and
            (B) translating and transferring research outcomes to 
        industry; and
        (4) the expertise and user facilities of the National 
    Laboratories described in paragraph (3) will enable the Department 
    to drive advances in microelectronics that are essential to meeting 
    future needs in areas critical to the missions of the Department 
    and the future competitiveness of the domestic microelectronics 
    industry, including high-performance computing, emerging data-
    centric computing approaches and energy-efficient computing, 
    optical sensors, sources, and wireless networks, and power 
    electronics and electricity delivery systems.
    (c) Microelectronics Research Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a crosscutting 
    program of research, development, and demonstration of 
    microelectronics relevant to the missions of the Department to 
    enable advances and breakthroughs that will--
            (A) accelerate underlying research and development for 
        design, development, and manufacturability of next-generation 
        microelectronics; and
            (B) ensure the global competitiveness of the United States 
        in the field of microelectronics.
        (2) Research projects.--
            (A) In general.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
        shall provide financial assistance to eligible entities 
        described in subparagraph (B) to carry out research projects 
        in--
                (i) foundational science areas, including--

                    (I) materials sciences, chemical sciences, and 
                plasma science synthesis and fabrication;
                    (II) novel microelectronics devices, including 
                emerging memory and storage technologies;
                    (III) diverse computing architectures and 
                paradigms, including analog computing and edge 
                computing;
                    (IV) data-driven modeling and simulation;
                    (V) integrated sensing, power harvesting, and 
                communications;
                    (VI) component integration and subsystems;
                    (VII) photonic integration and packaging; and
                    (VIII) development of codesign frameworks for all 
                stages of microelectronics design, development, 
                fabrication, and application;

                (ii) cybersecurity by design to result in trusted and 
            resilient microelectronics;
                (iii) methods for leveraging advanced simulation and 
            artificial intelligence to enhance codesign and discovery 
            in microelectronics;
                (iv) in consultation with the National Institute of 
            Standards and Technology, fabrication and processing 
            science and metrology associated with microelectronics 
            manufacturing, including lithography, patterning, surface 
            deposition, etching, and cleaning;
                (v) approaches for optimizing system-level energy 
            efficiency of advanced computing systems, the electrical 
            grid, power electronics, and other energy infrastructure;
                (vi) approaches for enhancing the durability and 
            lifetime of radiation-hardened electronics;
                (vii) enhancement of microelectronics security, 
            including the development of integrated devices, packages, 
            and thermal management for severe environments and national 
            security;
                (viii) in coordination with other relevant initiatives 
            of the Department, methods to improve the lifetime, 
            maintenance, recycling, reuse, and sustainability of 
            microelectronics components and systems, including 
            technologies and strategies that reduce the use of energy, 
            water, critical materials, and other commodities that the 
            Secretary determines are vulnerable to disruption; and
                (ix) methods and techniques for domestic processing of 
            materials for microelectronics and components of 
            microelectronics.
            (B) Eligible entities.--An eligible entity referred to in 
        subparagraph (A) is--
                (i) an institution of higher education, including a 
            historically Black college or university, a Tribal College 
            or University, and a minority-serving institution;
                (ii) a nonprofit research organization;
                (iii) a State research agency;
                (iv) a National Laboratory;
                (v) a private commercial entity;
                (vi) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities 
            described in clauses (i) through (v); and
                (vii) any other entity that the Secretary determines 
            appropriate.
            (C) Notification.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        Secretary provides financial assistance to an eligible entity 
        under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives a notification of the financial assistance 
        provided, including--
                (i) the criteria used by the Secretary to select the 
            eligible entity receiving the financial assistance;
                (ii) the manner in which the criteria described in 
            clause (i) comport with the purposes of the program 
            described in paragraph (1); and
                (iii) a description of the research project that the 
            eligible entity will carry out using the financial 
            assistance.
        (3) Technology transfer.--In carrying out the program, the 
    Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the Office of 
    Technology Transitions and in consultation with the private sector, 
    shall--
            (A) support translational research and transfer of 
        microelectronics technologies; and
            (B) identify emerging research and development needs of 
        industry and government for the benefit of United States 
        economic competitiveness.
        (4) Workforce development.--In carrying out the program, the 
    Secretary shall support--
            (A) workforce development through existing authorities and 
        mechanisms available to the Department, including internships, 
        fellowships, individual investigator grants, and other 
        activities the Secretary determines appropriate; and
            (B) in consultation with the National Science Foundation, 
        as appropriate, education and outreach activities--
                (i) to disseminate information and promote 
            understanding of microelectronics and related fields among 
            students at elementary school, secondary school, high 
            school, undergraduate, and graduate levels; and
                (ii) that may include educational programming with an 
            emphasis on experiential and project-based learning.
        (5) Outreach.--The Secretary shall conduct outreach to recruit 
    applicants to the program and engage participants from all regions 
    of the United States, especially individuals from underserved 
    communities and groups historically underrepresented in science, 
    technology, engineering, and mathematics.
        (6) Coordination.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
    shall--
            (A) coordinate across all relevant programs and offices of 
        the Department; and
            (B) coordinate the research carried out under the program 
        relating to microelectronics with activities carried out by 
        other Federal agencies and programs relating to 
        microelectronics research, development, manufacturing, and 
        supply chain security, including the programs authorized under 
        subsections (c) through (f) of section 9906 of the William M. 
        (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
        Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656).
        (7) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
    on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on 
    Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a 
    report describing the goals, priorities, and anticipated outcomes 
    of the program.
        (8) Funding.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary to carry out this subsection--
            (A) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            (B) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            (C) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            (D) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            (E) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
    (d) Microelectronics Science Research Centers.--
        (1) In general.--In carrying out the program, subject to the 
    availability of appropriations, the Director shall establish not 
    more than 4 Microelectronics Science Research Centers, each 
    comprising 1 or more eligible entities--
            (A) to conduct mission-driven research to address 
        foundational challenges in the design, development, 
        characterization, prototyping, demonstration, and fabrication 
        of microelectronics; and
            (B) to facilitate the translation of research results to 
        industry.
        (2) Eligible entities.--An eligible entity referred to in 
    paragraph (1) is--
            (A) a National Laboratory;
            (B) an institution of higher education, including a 
        historically Black college or university, a Tribal College or 
        University, and a minority-serving institution;
            (C) a private commercial entity;
            (D) a research center;
            (E) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities 
        described in subparagraphs (A) through (D); and
            (F) any other entity that the Secretary determines 
        appropriate.
        (3) Activities.--The activities of a Center shall include 
    research, development, and demonstration activities for--
            (A) accelerating the development of new microelectronics 
        science and technology, including materials, devices, circuits, 
        systems, architectures, fabrication tools, processes, 
        diagnostics, modeling, synthesis, and, in consultation with the 
        National Institute of Standards and Technology, metrology;
            (B) advancing the sustainability and energy efficiency of 
        new microelectronics devices, packages, and systems;
            (C) application-driven codesign and prototyping of novel 
        devices to facilitate laboratory-to-fabrication transition;
            (D) advancing knowledge and experimental capabilities in 
        surface and materials science, plasma science, and 
        computational and theoretical methods, including artificial 
        intelligence, multiscale codesign, and advanced supercomputing 
        capabilities to invent and manufacture revolutionary 
        microelectronic devices;
            (E) creating technology testbeds for prototyping platforms 
        for validation and verification of new capabilities and sharing 
        of ideas, intellectual property, and the unique facilities of 
        the Department;
            (F) supporting development of cybersecurity capabilities 
        for computing architectures that measurably improve safety and 
        security and are adaptable for existing and future 
        applications; and
            (G) supporting long-term and short-term workforce 
        development in microelectronics.
        (4) Request for proposals; merit review.--
            (A) In general.--The Director shall, at such time, in such 
        manner, and containing such information as the Director 
        determines to be appropriate, issue a request for proposals 
        from eligible entities described in paragraph (2) seeking to be 
        designated as a Center.
            (B) Competitive merit review.--The Director shall select 
        eligible entities under subparagraph (A) through a competitive, 
        merit-based process.
        (5) Operation.--
            (A) Duration.--
                (i) In general.--Each Center shall operate for a period 
            of not more than 5 years, unless renewed for an additional 
            5-year period in accordance with clause (ii).
                (ii) Renewal.--

                    (I) Initial renewal.--In the case of a Center that 
                has operated for not more than 5 years, the Director 
                may renew support for the Center on a merit-reviewed 
                basis for a period of not more than 5 years.
                    (II) 10-year operation.--In the case of a Center 
                that has operated for not less than 5 years but not 
                more than 10 years, the Director may renew support for 
                the Center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a 
                period of not more than 5 years.
                    (III) 15-year operation.--In the case of a Center 
                that has operated for not less than 10 years but not 
                more than 15 years, the Director may renew support for 
                the Center on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of 
                not more than 5 years.

            (B) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities 
        of the Department, the Director may terminate an 
        underperforming Center during the performance period.
        (6) Technology transfer.--The Director, in coordination with 
    the Director of the Office of Technology Transitions, shall seek to 
    enter into partnerships with industry groups to facilitate the 
    translation and transfer of research results produced by the 
    Centers.
        (7) Coordination.--The Secretary shall--
            (A) establish a coordinating network to coordinate cross-
        cutting research and foster communication and collaboration 
        among the Centers; and
            (B) ensure coordination, and avoid unnecessary duplication, 
        of the activities of each Center with the activities of--
                (i) other research entities of the Department, 
            including--

                    (I) the Nanoscale Science Research Centers;
                    (II) the National Quantum Information Science 
                Research Centers;
                    (III) the Energy Frontier Research Centers;
                    (IV) the Energy Innovation Hubs;
                    (V) the National Laboratories; and
                    (VI) other offices of the Department;

                (ii) the National Semiconductor Technology Center 
            established under section 9906(c)(1) of the William M. 
            (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
            Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656(c)(1));
                (iii) institutions of higher education;
                (iv) industry; and
                (v) relevant research activities carried out by other 
            Federal agencies.
        (8) Workforce development.--Each Center shall support workforce 
    development through--
            (A) incorporation of undergraduate students, postdoctoral 
        fellows, graduate students, and early career researchers, as 
        well as elementary school, secondary school, and high school 
        students, through opportunities such as dual-enrollment 
        programs and work-based learning programs, as applicable;
            (B) hands-on research and equipment training programs;
            (C) technical training and certificate programs for the 
        skilled technical workforce;
            (D) facilitation of engagement among academic, industry, 
        and laboratory researchers; and
            (E) public outreach activities, including to students at 
        elementary school, secondary school, high school, 
        undergraduate, and graduate levels, which may include 
        educational programming with an emphasis on experiential and 
        project-based learning.
        (9) Outreach.--The Director shall support the workforce 
    development of Centers under paragraph (8) by conducting outreach 
    to recruit applicants and engage participants from all regions of 
    the United States, especially individuals from underserved 
    communities and groups historically underrepresented in science, 
    technology, engineering, and mathematics.
        (10) Intellectual property.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
    the intellectual property and value proposition created by the 
    Centers are retained within the United States.
        (11) Notification.--
            (A) Definition of covered determination.--In this 
        paragraph, the term ``covered determination'' means a 
        determination of the Secretary--
                (i) to establish a Center under paragraph (1);
                (ii) to renew support for a Center under paragraph 
            (5)(A)(ii); or
                (iii) to terminate a Center under paragraph (5)(B).
            (B) Notification.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        Secretary makes a covered determination, the Secretary shall 
        submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives a notification of the covered 
        determination, including--
                (i) the criteria used by the Secretary to make the 
            covered determination; and
                (ii) the manner in which the criteria described in 
            clause (i) comport with the purposes of the program 
            described in paragraph (1).
        (12) Funding.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, 
    the Secretary shall use not more than $25,000,000 to fund each 
    Center for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.

    Subtitle L--National Nuclear University Research Infrastructure 
                              Reinvestment

SEC. 10741. SHORT TITLE.
     This subtitle may be cited as the ``National Nuclear University 
Research Infrastructure Reinvestment Act of 2021''.
SEC. 10742. PURPOSES.
    The purposes of this subtitle are--
        (1) to upgrade the nuclear research capabilities of 
    universities in the United States to meet the research requirements 
    of advanced nuclear energy systems;
        (2) to ensure the continued operation of university research 
    reactors;
        (3) to coordinate available resources to enable the 
    establishment, including the start and efficient completion of 
    construction, of new nuclear science and engineering facilities; 
    and
        (4) to support--
            (A) workforce development critical to maintaining United 
        States leadership in nuclear science and engineering and 
        related disciplines; and
            (B) the establishment or enhancement of nuclear science and 
        engineering capabilities and other, related capabilities at 
        historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal colleges 
        or universities, minority-serving institutions, EPSCoR 
        universities, junior or community colleges, and associate-
        degree-granting colleges.
SEC. 10743. UNIVERSITY INFRASTRUCTURE COLLABORATION.
    Section 954(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16274(a)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as 
    follows:
            ``(D) promote collaborations, partnerships, and knowledge 
        sharing between institutions of higher education, National 
        Laboratories, other Federal agencies, industry, and associated 
        labor unions; and''.
        (2) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follow:
        ``(4) Strengthening university research and training reactors 
    and associated infrastructure.--
            ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the program under this 
        subsection, the Secretary may support--
                ``(i) converting research reactors from high-enrichment 
            fuels to low-enrichment fuels and upgrading operational 
            instrumentation;
                ``(ii) revitalizing and upgrading existing nuclear 
            science and engineering infrastructure that support the 
            development of advanced nuclear technologies and 
            applications;
                ``(iii) regional or subregional university-led 
            consortia to--

                    ``(I) broaden access to university research 
                reactors;
                    ``(II) enhance existing university-based nuclear 
                science and engineering infrastructure; and
                    ``(III) provide project management, technical 
                support, quality engineering and inspections, 
                manufacturing, and nuclear material support;

                ``(iv) student training programs, in collaboration with 
            the United States nuclear industry, in relicensing and 
            upgrading reactors, including through the provision of 
            technical assistance; and
                ``(v) reactor improvements that emphasize research, 
            training, and education, including through the Innovations 
            in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education Program or any 
            similar program.
            ``(B) Of any amounts appropriated to carry out the program 
        under this subsection, there is authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out clauses (ii) and (iii) of 
        subparagraph (A) $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
        through 2027.''.
SEC. 10744. ADVANCED NUCLEAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE ENHANCEMENT 
SUBPROGRAM.
    Section 954(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16274(a)), as amended by section 3, is further amended--
        (1) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (8) as paragraphs 
    (6) through (9), respectively;
        (2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
        ``(5) Advanced nuclear research infrastructure enhancement.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
        subprogram to be known as the Advanced Nuclear Research 
        Infrastructure Enhancement Subprogram in order to--
                ``(i) demonstrate various advanced nuclear reactor and 
            nuclear microreactor concepts;
                ``(ii) establish medical isotope production reactors or 
            other specialized applications; and
                ``(iii) advance other research infrastructure that, in 
            the determination of the Secretary, is consistent with the 
            mission of the Department.
            ``(B) New nuclear science and engineering facilities.--In 
        carrying out the subprogram, the Secretary shall establish--
                ``(i) not more than 4 new research reactors; and
                ``(ii) new nuclear science and engineering facilities, 
            as required to address research demand and identified 
            infrastructure gaps.
            ``(C) Locations.--New research reactors and facilities 
        established under subparagraph (B) shall be established in a 
        manner that--
                ``(i) supports the regional or subregional consortia 
            described in paragraph (4)(C); and
                ``(ii) encourages the participation of--

                    ``(I) historically Black colleges and universities;
                    ``(II) Tribal colleges or universities;
                    ``(III) minority-serving institutions;
                    ``(IV) EPSCoR universities; and
                    ``(V) junior or community colleges.

            ``(D) Fuel requirements.--New research reactors established 
        under subparagraph (B) shall not use high-enriched uranium, as 
        defined in section 2001 of division Z of the Consolidated 
        Appropriations Act of 2021.
            ``(E) Authorization of appropriations.--Of any amounts 
        appropriated to carry out the program under this section, there 
        are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
        the subprogram under this paragraph--
                ``(i) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                ``(ii) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                ``(iii) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                ``(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
                ``(v) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.''; and
        (3) by amending paragraph (9), as redesignated by paragraph (1) 
    of this section, to read as follows:
        ``(9) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            ``(A) Junior faculty.--The term `junior faculty' means a 
        faculty member who was awarded a doctorate less than 10 years 
        before receipt of an award from the grant program described in 
        paragraph (2)(B).
            ``(B) Junior or community college.--The term `junior or 
        community college' means--
                ``(i) a public institution of high education, including 
            additional locations, at which the highest awarded degree, 
            or the predominantly awarded degree, is an associate 
            degree; or
                ``(ii) any Tribal college or university (as defined in 
            section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
            1059c)).
            ``(C) Epscor university.--The term `EPSCoR university' 
        means an institution of higher education located in a State 
        eligible to participate in the program defined in section 502 
        of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
        1862p note).
            ``(D) Historically black college or university.--The term 
        `historically Black college or university' has the meaning 
        given the term `part B institution' in section 322 of the 
        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
            ``(E) Minority-serving institution.--The term `minority-
        serving institution' means a Hispanic-serving institution, an 
        Alaska Native-serving institution, a Native Hawaiian-serving 
        institution, a Predominantly Black Institution, an Asian 
        American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving 
        institution, or a Native American-serving nontribal institution 
        as described in section 371 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
        (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
            ``(F) Tribal college or university.--The term `Tribal 
        College or University' has the meaning given such term in 
        section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1059c).''.
SEC. 10745. SCIENCE EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES SCHOLARSHIPS, 
FELLOWSHIPS, AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.
    (a) In General.--The purpose of this section is to support a 
diverse workforce for the complex landscape associated with effective 
and equitable development of advanced nuclear energy technologies, 
including interdisciplinary research to enable positive impacts and 
avoid potential negative impacts across the lifespan of nuclear energy 
technologies.
    (b) Nontechnical Nuclear Research.--Section 313 of the Omnibus 
Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-8; 42 U.S.C. 16274a) is 
amended--
        (1) in subsection (b)(2), after ``engineering'', by inserting 
    ``, which may include nontechnical nuclear research.'';
        (2) in subsection (c), by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
    following:
        ``(3) Nontechnical nuclear research.--The term `nontechnical 
    nuclear research' means research with specializations such as 
    social sciences or law that can support an increase in community 
    engagement, participation, and confidence in nuclear energy 
    systems, including the navigation of the licensing required for 
    advanced reactor deployment, aligned with the objectives in section 
    951(a)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
    16271(a)(2)).''; and
        (3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ``$30,000,000'' and 
    inserting ``$45,000,000''.

    Subtitle M--Steel Upgrading Partnerships and Emissions Reduction

SEC. 10751. LOW-EMISSIONS STEEL MANUFACTURING RESEARCH PROGRAM.
    (a) Program.--Subtitle D of title IV of the Energy Independence and 
Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17111 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 454 the following:
``SEC. 454A. LOW-EMISSIONS STEEL MANUFACTURING RESEARCH PROGRAM.
    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to encourage the 
research and development of innovative technologies aimed at--
        ``(1) increasing the technological and economic competitiveness 
    of industry and manufacturing in the United States; and
        ``(2) achieving significant net nonwater greenhouse emissions 
    reductions in the production processes for iron, steel, and steel 
    mill products.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Commercially available steelmaking.--The term 
    `commercially available steelmaking' means the current production 
    method of iron, steel, and steel mill products.
        ``(2) Critical material.--The term `critical material' has the 
    meaning given such term in section 7002 of division Z of the 
    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260).
        ``(3) Critical mineral.--The term `critical mineral' has the 
    meaning given such term in section 7002 of division Z of the 
    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260).
        ``(4) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
            ``(A) an institution of higher education;
            ``(B) an appropriate State or Federal entity, including a 
        federally funded research and development center of the 
        Department;
            ``(C) a nonprofit research institution;
            ``(D) a private entity;
            ``(E) any other relevant entity the Secretary determines 
        appropriate; and
            ``(F) a partnership or consortium of two or more entities 
        described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
        ``(5) Institution of higher education.--The term `institution 
    of higher education' has the meaning given the term in section 101 
    of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
        ``(6) Low-emissions steel manufacturing.--The term `low-
    emissions steel manufacturing' means advanced or commercially 
    available steelmaking with the reduction, to the maximum extent 
    practicable, of net nonwater greenhouse gas emissions to the 
    atmosphere from the production of iron, steel, and steel mill 
    products.
    ``(c) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation 
Act, the Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application of advanced tools, 
technologies, and methods for low-emissions steel manufacturing.
    ``(d) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall--
        ``(1) coordinate this program with the programs and activities 
    authorized in title VI of division Z of the Consolidated 
    Appropriations Act, 2021;
        ``(2) coordinate across all relevant program offices of the 
    Department, including the Office of Science, Office of Energy 
    Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, and 
    the Office of Nuclear Energy;
        ``(3) leverage, to the extent practicable, the research 
    infrastructure of the Department, including scientific computing 
    user facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering 
    facilities, and nanoscale science research centers; and
        ``(4) conduct research, development, and demonstration of low-
    emissions steel manufacturing technologies that have the potential 
    to increase domestic production and employment in advanced and 
    commercially available steelmaking.
    ``(e) Strategic Plan.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, the Secretary shall develop a 5-year strategic plan 
    identifying research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
    application goals for the program established in subsection (c). 
    The Secretary shall submit this plan to the Committee on Science, 
    Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
    Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.
        ``(2) Contents.--The strategic plan submitted under paragraph 
    (1) shall--
            ``(A) identify programs at the Department related to low-
        emissions steel manufacturing that support the research, 
        development, demonstration, and commercial application 
        activities described in this section, and the demonstration 
        projects under subsection (h);
            ``(B) establish technological and programmatic goals to 
        achieve the requirements of subsection (d); and
            ``(C) include timelines for the accomplishment of goals 
        developed under the plan.
        ``(3) Updates to plan.--Not less than once every two years, the 
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
    Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
    Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate an updated version of 
    the plan under paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Focus Areas.--In carrying out the program established in 
subsection (c), the Secretary shall focus on--
        ``(1) medium- and high-temperature heat generation technologies 
    used for low-emissions steel manufacturing, which may include--
            ``(A) alternative fuels, including hydrogen and biomass;
            ``(B) alternative reducing agents, including hydrogen;
            ``(C) renewable heat generation technology, including solar 
        and geothermal;
            ``(D) electrification of heating processes, including 
        through electrolysis; and
            ``(E) other heat generation sources;
        ``(2) carbon capture technologies for advanced and commercially 
    available steelmaking processes, which may include--
            ``(A) combustion and chemical looping technologies;
            ``(B) use of slag to reduce carbon dioxide emissions;
            ``(C) pre-combustion technologies; and
            ``(D) post-combustion technologies;
        ``(3) smart manufacturing technologies and principles, digital 
    manufacturing technologies, and advanced data analytics to develop 
    advanced technologies and practices in information, automation, 
    monitoring, computation, sensing, modeling, and networking to--
            ``(A) model and simulate manufacturing production lines;
            ``(B) monitor and communicate production line status; and
            ``(C) model, simulate, and optimize the energy efficiency 
        of manufacturing processes;
        ``(4) technologies and practices that minimize energy and 
    natural resource consumption, which may include--
            ``(A) designing products that enable reuse, refurbishment, 
        remanufacturing, and recycling;
            ``(B) minimizing waste from advanced and commercially 
        available steelmaking processes, including through the reuse of 
        waste as resources in other industrial processes for mutual 
        benefit;
            ``(C) increasing resource efficiency; and
            ``(D) increasing the energy efficiency of advanced and 
        commercially available steelmaking processes;
        ``(5) alternative materials and technologies that produce fewer 
    emissions during production and result in fewer emissions during 
    use, which may include--
            ``(A) innovative raw materials;
            ``(B) high-performance lightweight materials;
            ``(C) substitutions for critical materials and critical 
        minerals; and
            ``(D) other technologies that achieve significant carbon 
        emission reductions in low-emissions steel manufacturing, as 
        determined by the Secretary; and
        ``(6) high-performance computing to develop advanced materials 
    and manufacturing processes contributing to the focus areas 
    described in paragraphs (1) through (5), including--
            ``(A) modeling, simulation, and optimization of the design 
        of energy efficient and sustainable products; and
            ``(B) the use of digital prototyping and additive 
        manufacturing to enhance product design.
    ``(g) Testing and Validation.--The Secretary, in consultation with 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
shall support the development of standardized testing and technical 
validation of advanced and commercially available steelmaking and low-
emissions steel manufacturing through collaboration with one or more 
National Laboratories, and one or more eligible entities.
    ``(h) Demonstration.--
        ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
    Innovation Act, the Secretary, in carrying out the program 
    established in subsection (c), and in collaboration with industry 
    partners, institutions of higher education, and the National 
    Laboratories, shall support an initiative for the demonstration of 
    low-emissions steel manufacturing, as identified by the Secretary, 
    that uses either--
            ``(A) a single technology; or
            ``(B) a combination of multiple technologies.
        ``(2) Selection requirements.--Under the initiative established 
    under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall select eligible entities 
    to carry out demonstration projects and to the maximum extent 
    practicable--
            ``(A) encourage regional diversity among eligible entities, 
        including participation by rural States;
            ``(B) encourage technological diversity among eligible 
        entities; and
            ``(C) ensure that specific projects selected--
                ``(i) expand on the existing technology demonstration 
            programs of the Department; and
                ``(ii) prioritize projects that leverage matching funds 
            from non-Federal sources.
        ``(3) Reports.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
    Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
    the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate--
            ``(A) not less frequently than once every two years for the 
        duration of the demonstration initiative under this subsection, 
        a report describing the performance of the initiative; and
            ``(B) if the initiative established under this subsection 
        is terminated, an assessment of the success of, and education 
        provided by, the measures carried out by recipients of 
        financial assistance under the initiative.
    ``(i) Additional Coordination.--
        ``(1) Manufacturing u.s.a.--In carrying out this section the 
    Secretary shall consider--
            ``(A) leveraging the resources of relevant existing 
        Manufacturing USA Institutes described in section 34(d) of the 
        National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
        278s(d));
            ``(B) integrating program activities into a relevant 
        existing Manufacturing USA Institute; or
            ``(C) establishing a new institute focused on low-emissions 
        steel manufacturing.
        ``(2) Other federal agencies.--In carrying out this section, 
    the Secretary shall coordinate with other Federal agencies that are 
    carrying out research and development initiatives to increase 
    industrial competitiveness and achieve significant net nonwater 
    greenhouse emissions reductions through low-emissions steel 
    manufacturing, including the Department of Defense, Department of 
    Transportation, and the National Institute of Standards and 
    Technology.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--Section 1(b) of the Energy Independence 
and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17001 note) is amended in the table 
of contents by inserting after the item relating to section 454 the 
following:
``Sec. 454A. Low-Emissions Steel Manufacturing Research Program.''.

    Subtitle N--Applied Laboratories Infrastructure Restoration and 
                             Modernization

SEC. 10761. APPLIED LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE RESTORATION AND 
MODERNIZATION.
    (a) Definition of National Laboratory.--In this section, the term 
``National Laboratory'' means--
        (1) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory;
        (2) the National Energy Technology Laboratory;
        (3) the Idaho National Laboratory;
        (4) the Savannah River National Laboratory;
        (5) the Sandia National Laboratories;
        (6) the Los Alamos National Laboratory; and
        (7) the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
    (b) Restoration and Modernization Projects.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary shall fund projects described in 
    paragraph (2) as needed to address the deferred maintenance, 
    critical infrastructure needs, and modernization of National 
    Laboratories.
        (2) Projects described.--The projects referred to in paragraph 
    (1) are, as determined by the Secretary--
            (A) priority deferred maintenance projects at National 
        Laboratories, including facilities sustainment for, upgrade of, 
        and construction of research laboratories, administrative and 
        support buildings, utilities, roads, power plants, and any 
        other critical infrastructure; and
            (B) lab modernization projects at National Laboratories, 
        including projects relating to core infrastructure needed--
                (i) to support existing and emerging science missions 
            with new and specialized requirements for world-leading 
            scientific user facilities and computing capabilities; and
                (ii) to maintain safe, efficient, reliable, and 
            environmentally responsible operations, including pilot 
            projects to demonstrate net-zero emissions with resilient 
            operations.
        (3) Approach.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary 
    shall use all available approaches and mechanisms, as the Secretary 
    determines to be appropriate, including--
            (A) capital line items;
            (B) minor construction projects;
            (C) energy savings performance contracts;
            (D) utility energy service contracts;
            (E) alternative financing; and
            (F) expense funding.
    (c) Submission to Congress.--For each fiscal year through fiscal 
year 2027, at the same time as the annual budget submission of the 
President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a list 
of projects for which the Secretary will provide funding under this 
section, including a description of each project and the funding 
profile for the project.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in 
this section $800,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027, 
of which, in each fiscal year--
        (1) $640,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for projects 
    at National Laboratories described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of 
    subsection (a); and
        (2) $160,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for projects 
    at National Laboratories described in paragraphs (5) through (7) of 
    that subsection.

      Subtitle O--Department of Energy Research, Development, and 
                        Demonstration Activities

SEC. 10771. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND 
DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES.
    For the purpose of carrying out research, development, and 
demonstration activities and addressing energy-related supply chain 
activities in the key technology focus areas (as described in section 
10387), there are authorized to be appropriated the following amounts:
        (1) Office of energy efficiency and renewable energy.--In 
    addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated or made 
    available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
    of Energy (referred to in this section as the ``Secretary''), 
    acting through the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
    Energy, for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 2026--
            (A) $1,200,000,000 to carry out building technologies 
        research, development, and demonstration activities;
            (B) $1,200,000,000 to carry out sustainable transportation 
        research, development, and demonstration activities;
            (C) $1,000,000,000 to carry out advanced manufacturing 
        research, development, and demonstration activities, excluding 
        activities carried out pursuant to subparagraph (D);
            (D) $1,000,000,000 to carry out section 454 of the Energy 
        Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17113);
            (E) $600,000,000 to carry out advanced materials research, 
        development, and demonstration activities, including relating 
        to upcycling, recycling, and biobased materials; and
            (F) $800,000,000 to carry out renewable power research, 
        development, and demonstration activities.
        (2) Office of electricity.--In addition to amounts otherwise 
    authorized to be appropriated or made available, there is 
    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, acting through the 
    Office of Electricity, for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2026, $1,000,000,000 to carry out electric grid modernization and 
    security research, development, and demonstration activities.
        (3) Office of cybersecurity, energy security, and emergency 
    response.--In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be 
    appropriated or made available, there is authorized to be 
    appropriated to the Secretary, acting through the Office of 
    Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, for the 
    period of fiscal years 2023 through 2026, $800,000,000 to carry out 
    cybersecurity and energy system physical security research, 
    development, and demonstration activities.
        (4) Office of nuclear energy.--In addition to amounts otherwise 
    authorized to be appropriated or made available, there is 
    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, acting through the 
    Office of Nuclear Energy, for the period of fiscal years 2023 
    through 2026, $400,000,000 to carry out advanced materials 
    research, development, and demonstration activities.
        (5) Office of environmental management.--In addition to amounts 
    otherwise authorized to be appropriated or made available, there is 
    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, acting through the 
    Office of Environmental Management, for the period of fiscal years 
    2023 through 2026, $200,000,000 to carry out research, development, 
    and demonstration activities, including relating to artificial 
    intelligence and information technology.
        (6) Office of fossil energy and carbon management.--In addition 
    to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated or made 
    available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
    Secretary, acting through the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
    Management, for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 2026--
            (A) $600,000,000 to carry out clean industrial technologies 
        research, development, and demonstration activities pursuant to 
        section 454 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
        (42 U.S.C. 17113);
            (B) $200,000,000 to carry out alternative fuels research, 
        development, and demonstration activities; and
            (C) $1,000,000,000 to carry out carbon removal research, 
        development, and demonstration activities.
        (7) Advanced research projects agency--energy.--In addition to 
    amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated or made available, 
    there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, acting 
    through the Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency--
    Energy established under section 5012 of the America COMPETES Act 
    (42 U.S.C. 16538), for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 
    2026, $1,200,852,898 to carry out activities of the Advanced 
    Research Projects Agency--Energy.

                   Subtitle P--Fission for the Future

SEC. 10781. ADVANCED NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES FEDERAL RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Advanced nuclear reactor.--The term ``advanced nuclear 
    reactor'' has the meaning given the term in section 951(b) of the 
    Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(b)).
        (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means each 
    of--
            (A) a State;
            (B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian 
        Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
        5304));
            (C) a Tribal organization (as defined in section 4 of the 
        Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
        U.S.C. 5304));
            (D) a unit of local government;
            (E) an electric utility (as defined in section 3 of the 
        Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796));
            (F) a National Laboratory (as defined in section 2 of the 
        Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801));
            (G) an institution of higher education (as defined in 
        section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1001(a))); and
            (H) a private entity specializing in--
                (i) advanced nuclear technology development;
                (ii) nuclear supply chains; or
                (iii) with respect to nuclear technologies and 
            nonelectric applications of nuclear technologies, 
            construction, project financing, contract structuring and 
            risk allocation, or regulatory and licensing processes.
        (3) Program.--The term ``program'' means the program 
    established under subsection (b)(1).
        (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Energy.
    (b) Establishment of Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
    provide Federal financial assistance to eligible entities to 
    support the research, development, and demonstration of advanced 
    nuclear reactors.
        (2) Competitive procedures.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
    the Secretary shall carry out the program using a competitive, 
    merit-based review process that is consistent with section 989 of 
    the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16353).
    (c) Applications.--An eligible entity desiring Federal financial 
assistance under the program shall submit to the Secretary an 
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Secretary may require.
    (d) Priority.--In selecting eligible entities to receive Federal 
financial assistance under the program, the Secretary shall give 
priority to eligible entities that--
        (1) plan to carry out projects at or near the site of 1 or more 
    fossil fuel electric generation facilities that are retired or 
    scheduled to retire, including multi-unit facilities that are 
    partially shut down--
            (A) to support the productive reuse of fossil fuel electric 
        generation facilities that are retired or scheduled to retire; 
        and
            (B) to sustain and revitalize communities impacted by the 
        closure of fossil fuel electric generation facilities;
        (2) plan to support nonelectric applications, including 
    supplying heat for--
            (A) energy storage;
            (B) hydrogen or other liquid and gaseous fuel or chemical 
        production;
            (C) industrial processes;
            (D) desalination technologies and processes;
            (E) isotope production;
            (F) district heating; and
            (G) other applications, as the Secretary determines to be 
        appropriate; and
        (3) have implemented or demonstrated the ability to 
    successfully implement workforce training or retraining programs to 
    train workers to perform activities relating to the research, 
    development, and demonstration of advanced nuclear reactors.
    (e) Cost Share.--Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16352) shall apply to Federal financial assistance provided 
under the program.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out the program--
        (1) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
        (2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
        (3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
        (4) $225,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
        (5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.

TITLE VII--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION AUTHORIZATION 
                                  ACT

SEC. 10801. SHORT TITLE.
    This title may be cited as the ``National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2022''.
SEC. 10802. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
        (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
        (3) Appropriate committees of congress.--Except as otherwise 
    expressly provided, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' 
    means--
            (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate; and
            (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
        House of Representatives.
        (4) Cislunar space.--The term ``cislunar space'' means the 
    region of space beyond low-Earth orbit out to and including the 
    region around the surface of the Moon.
        (5) Deep space.--The term ``deep space'' means the region of 
    space beyond low-Earth orbit, including cislunar space.
        (6) Development cost.--The term ``development cost'' has the 
    meaning given the term in section 30104 of title 51, United States 
    Code.
        (7) Government astronaut.--The term ``government astronaut'' 
    has the meaning given the term in section 50902 of title 51, United 
    States Code.
        (8) ISS.--The term ``ISS'' means the International Space 
    Station.
        (9) Low-enriched uranium.--The term ``low-enriched uranium'' 
    means uranium having an assay greater than the assay for natural 
    uranium but less than 20 percent of the uranium-235 isotope.
        (10) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics 
    and Space Administration.
        (11) Orion.--The term ``Orion'' means the multipurpose crew 
    vehicle described in section 303 of the National Aeronautics and 
    Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323).
        (12) OSTP.--The term ``OSTP'' means the Office of Science and 
    Technology Policy.
        (13) Space flight participant.--The term ``space flight 
    participant'' has the meaning given the term in section 50902 of 
    title 51, United States Code.
        (14) Space launch system.--The term ``Space Launch System'' 
    means the Space Launch System authorized under section 302 of the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 2010 (42 
    U.S.C. 18322).
        (15) Unmanned aircraft; unmanned aircraft system.--The terms 
    ``unmanned aircraft'' and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the 
    meanings given those terms in section 44801 of title 49, United 
    States Code.

                        Subtitle A--Exploration

SEC. 10811. MOON TO MARS.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) advances in space technology and space exploration 
    capabilities--
            (A) ensure the long-term technological preeminence, 
        economic competitiveness, STEM workforce development, and 
        national security of the United States; and
            (B) offer profound inspirational value for future 
        generations;
        (2) the Artemis missions--
            (A) will make further progress on advancing the human 
        exploration roadmap to achieve human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit to the surface of Mars, as required under section 432 of 
        the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition 
        Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 
        note);
            (B) should fulfill the goal of landing United States 
        astronauts, including the first woman and the next man, on the 
        Moon; and
            (C) should seek collaboration with commercial and 
        international partners to establish sustainable lunar 
        exploration, and should fund any sustainable lunar activities 
        not directly required for the advancement of a human mission to 
        Mars separately;
        (3) in carrying out the Artemis missions, the Administrator 
    should ensure that the entire Artemis program is inclusive and 
    representative of all people of the United States, including women 
    and minorities;
        (4) safe and successful execution of the roadmap to achieve 
    human presence on Mars, including the Artemis missions, requires--
            (A) a clear strategic vision for achieving lunar and Mars 
        exploration that is shared by NASA, international partners, 
        nongovernmental partners, Congress, and the people of the 
        United States;
            (B) a well-developed and executable timeline, budget, and 
        mission architecture, to inform decisions, including decisions 
        relating to workforce and infrastructure needs and the 
        development of technical and nontechnical skills;
            (C) consistent NASA oversight of all relevant exploration 
        activities, enabled by NASA leadership with authority, 
        responsibility, and accountability for decisions and well-
        developed capabilities for systems engineering and integration;
            (D) clearly defined roles for NASA, international partners, 
        and nongovernmental partners, including criteria for 
        determining whether NASA should make, manage, or buy key 
        capabilities; and
            (E) mechanisms to ensure NASA insight into the activities 
        of its international and nongovernmental partners, as required 
        to identify and mitigate risks to mission safety and success.
    (b) Moon to Mars Office and Program.--
        (1) Moon to mars office.--Not later than 120 days after the 
    date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
    establish within the Exploration Systems Development Mission 
    Directorate a Moon to Mars Program Office (referred to in this 
    section as the ``Office'') to lead and manage the Moon to Mars 
    program established under paragraph (2), including Artemis missions 
    and activities.
        (2) Moon to mars program.--
            (A) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish 
        a Moon to Mars Program (referred to in this section as the 
        ``Program'') in accordance with sections 20302(b) and 70504 of 
        title 51, United States Code, which shall include Artemis 
        missions and activities, to achieve the goal of human 
        exploration of Mars.
            (B) Elements.--The Program shall include the following 
        elements:
                (i) The Space Launch System under section 20302 of 
            title 51, United States Code.
                (ii) The Orion crew vehicle under such section.
                (iii) Exploration Ground Systems.
                (iv) An outpost in orbit around the Moon under section 
            70504 of such title.
                (v) Human-rated landing systems.
                (vi) Spacesuits.
                (vii) Any other element needed to meet the requirements 
            for the Program.
            (C) Direction.--The Administrator shall ensure that--
                (i) each Artemis mission demonstrates or advances a 
            technology or operational concept that will enable human 
            missions to Mars;
                (ii) the Program incorporates each such mission into 
            the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of the 
            National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition 
            Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 
            20302 note); and
                (iii) the Program includes cislunar space exploration 
            activities that--

                    (I) use a combination of launches of the Space 
                Launch System and space transportation services from 
                United States commercial providers, as appropriate, for 
                each such mission;
                    (II) plan for not fewer than 1 Space Launch System 
                launch annually beginning after the first successful 
                crewed launch of Orion on the Space Launch System, with 
                a goal of 2 Space Launch System launches annually as 
                soon as practicable; and
                    (III) establish an outpost in orbit around the Moon 
                that--

                        (aa) demonstrates technologies, systems, and 
                    operational concepts directly applicable to the 
                    space vehicle that will be used to transport humans 
                    to Mars;
                        (bb) has the capability for periodic human 
                    habitation; and
                        (cc) functions as a point of departure, return, 
                    or staging for missions to multiple locations on 
                    the lunar surface or other destinations.
        (3) Director.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall appoint a Director 
        for the Program, who shall lead the Office and report to the 
        Associate Administrator of the Exploration Systems Development 
        Mission Directorate.
            (B) Accountability.--The Director shall have accountability 
        for risk management and shall have authority, as consistent 
        with NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management 
        requirements--
                (i) to implement--

                    (I) Program-level requirements; and
                    (II) an architecture and program plan developed to 
                meet such requirements;

                (ii) to manage resources, personnel, and contracts 
            necessary to implement the Program, as appropriate;
                (iii) to manage cost, risk, schedule, and performance 
            factors;
                (iv) to direct and oversee a Program-wide systems 
            engineering and integration and integrated risk management 
            function; and
                (v) to carry out other authorities, in accordance with 
            Administration policies and procedures.
            (C) Responsibilities.--The Director shall be responsible 
        for--
                (i) developing and managing--

                    (I) an integrated master plan, integrated master 
                schedule, and integrated risk management procedures for 
                the Program;
                    (II) a Program-wide systems engineering and 
                integration function as described in subsection (c);
                    (III) plans for technology and capabilities 
                development;
                    (IV) logistics support, science data management, 
                communications, and other plans that are relevant to 
                the functions of the Office; and
                    (V) performance measures to assess the progress of 
                the Program;

                (ii) advising the Associate Administrator of the 
            Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate on the 
            development of--

                    (I) Program-level requirements, including for a 
                human Mars orbital mission and a human mission to the 
                surface of Mars; and
                    (II) an architecture based on the requirements 
                described in subclause (I); and

                (iii) informing the Associate Administrator of the 
            Administration on coordination among NASA centers, as 
            required to most efficiently achieve the goals of the 
            Program.
    (c) Systems Engineering and Integration.--The Director of the 
Office shall--
        (1) establish within the Office a Program-wide systems 
    engineering and integration function; and
        (2) appoint a manager for such function to manage systems 
    engineering and integration activities across the Program, 
    including with respect to the Program elements described in 
    subsection (b)(2).
    (d) Implementation.--In the implementation of the Program, the 
Administrator shall ensure that--
        (1) for the purposes of reducing risk and complexity and making 
    the maximum use of taxpayer investments to date, in conducting 
    Artemis activities, the Administration does not take any action in 
    regard to the design of the Exploration Upper Stage-enhanced Space 
    Launch System that would preclude it from carrying an integrated 
    human-rated lunar landing system for crewed lunar landing missions;
        (2) the Program maintains a robust series of ground-based and 
    in-flight testing activities, including, with respect to each 
    crewed system design, not less than 1 uncrewed flight test, 
    followed by a crewed flight test, as appropriate, prior to use of 
    the design on a human-rated lunar landing system or Mars mission; 
    and
        (3) human lunar landing missions under the Program, including 
    surface and in-space activities, are carried out solely by 
    government astronauts.
    (e) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report detailing--
        (1) progress towards the establishment of--
            (A) the Office, the Program, and the Program architecture; 
        and
            (B) the integrated master plan, integrated master schedule, 
        and integrated risk management procedures for the Program;
        (2) performance measures and milestones for the Program and any 
    interim assessment with respect to such performance measures, as 
    practicable;
        (3) initial criteria for determining whether NASA should make, 
    manage, or buy key capabilities within the Program or engage with 
    international partners to access such capabilities;
        (4) strategies to ensure consistent insight into the activities 
    of NASA partners, including nongovernmental partners, as required 
    to identify and mitigate mission risks;
        (5) progress towards the establishment of a systems engineering 
    and integration function; and
        (6) an annual budget profile for resources required to 
    implement the Program during the 5-year period beginning on the 
    date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 10812. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS.
    (a) Exploration Ground Systems Infrastructure.--The Administrator 
shall ensure that--
        (1) the necessary elements of a ground system infrastructure 
    are in place to enable the preparation and use of the Space Launch 
    System, specifically the Block 1 (at least 70 mt), Block 1B (at 
    least 105 mt), and Block 2 (at least 130 mt) variants of the Space 
    Launch System; and
        (2) not fewer than 2 bays of the vehicle assembly building of 
    such ground system infrastructure are outfitted and dedicated to 
    support Space Launch System stacking and preparations.
    (b) Flight Rate and Safety.--After the first crewed lunar landing 
of the Administration's Moon to Mars activities, the Administrator 
shall, to the extent practicable, seek to carry out a flight rate of 2 
integrated Space Launch System and Orion crew vehicle missions annually 
until the lunar activities needed to enable a human mission to Mars are 
completed so as to maintain the critical human spaceflight production 
and operations skills necessary for the safety of human spaceflight 
activities in deep space.
    (c) Mobile Launch Platform.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator is authorized to maintain 2 
    operational mobile launch platforms to enable the launch of 
    multiple configurations of the Space Launch System.
        (2) Second mobile launch platform.--
            (A) In general.--In implementing paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall take all necessary steps to develop and 
        complete a second mobile launch platform, to be in place by 
        2026, to support the first launch of the Block 1B variant of 
        the Space Launch System.
            (B) Requirement.--Such second mobile launch platform shall 
        be sized and constructed to accommodate the Block 2 variant of 
        the Space Launch System.
    (d) Reports.--The Administrator shall submit to Congress--
        (1) not later than 45 days after the date of the enactment of 
    this Act, a report on the steps the Administrator and industry 
    partners are taking--
            (A) to address the cost, schedule, and performance 
        challenges in the development of the Mobile Launch-2 platform; 
        and
            (B) to ensure that such platform is ready for operational 
        use on a schedule that aligns with the current plans for an 
        Artemis IV launch, which is currently anticipated in 2027; and
        (2) not later than 90 days after such date of enactment, a 
    report that contains a list of the key milestones required for 
    completing each of the Space Launch System variants, and an 
    estimated date on which such milestones will be completed.
    (e) Exploration Upper Stage.--
        (1) In general.--To meet the capability requirements under 
    section 302(c)(2) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)(2)), 
    the Administrator shall continue development of the Exploration 
    Upper Stage for the Space Launch System on a schedule consistent 
    with the Artemis IV lunar mission.
        (2) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the 
    appropriate committees of Congress on the development and scheduled 
    availability of the Exploration Upper Stage for the Artemis IV 
    lunar mission.
    (f) Main Propulsion Test Article.--To meet the requirements under 
section 302(c)(3) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)(3)), the Administrator 
may initiate development of a main propulsion test article for the 
integrated Exploration Upper Stage element of the Space Launch System, 
consistent with cost and schedule constraints, particularly for long-
lead propulsion hardware needed for flight.
SEC. 10813. ROCKET ENGINE TEST INFRASTRUCTURE.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall, to the extent 
practicable, continue to carry out a program to modernize rocket 
propulsion test infrastructure at NASA facilities--
        (1) to increase capabilities;
        (2) to enhance safety;
        (3) to support propulsion development and testing; and
        (4) to foster the improvement of Government and commercial 
    space transportation and exploration.
    (b) Projects.--Projects funded under the program described in 
subsection (a) may include--
        (1) infrastructure and other facilities and systems relating to 
    rocket propulsion test stands and rocket propulsion testing;
        (2) enhancements to test facility capacity and flexibility; and
        (3) such other projects as the Administrator considers 
    appropriate to meet the goals described in that subsection.
    (c) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall--
        (1) to the extent practicable and appropriate, prioritize 
    investments in projects that enhance test and flight certification 
    capabilities, including for large thrust-level atmospheric and 
    altitude engines and engine systems, and multi-engine integrated 
    test capabilities;
        (2) continue to make underutilized test facilities available 
    for commercial use on a reimbursable basis; and
        (3) ensure that no project carried out under this program 
    adversely impacts, delays, or defers testing or other activities 
    associated with facilities used for Government programs, 
    including--
            (A) the Space Launch System and the Exploration Upper Stage 
        of the Space Launch System;
            (B) in-space propulsion to support exploration missions; or
            (C) nuclear propulsion testing.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall preclude a 
NASA program, including the Space Launch System and the Exploration 
Upper Stage of the Space Launch System, from using the modernized test 
infrastructure developed under this section.
    (e) Working Capital Fund Study.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
    enactment of this division, the Administrator shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the use of the 
    authority under section 30102 of title 51, United States Code, to 
    promote increased use of NASA rocket propulsion test infrastructure 
    for research, development, testing, and evaluation activities by 
    other Federal agencies, firms, associations, corporations, and 
    educational institutions.
        (2) Matters to be included.--The report required by paragraph 
    (1) shall include the following:
            (A) An assessment of prior use, if any, of the authority 
        under section 30102 of title 51, United States Code, to improve 
        testing infrastructure.
            (B) An analysis of any barrier to implementation of such 
        authority for the purpose of promoting increased use of NASA 
        rocket propulsion test infrastructure.
SEC. 10814. PEARL RIVER MAINTENANCE.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall coordinate with the Chief 
of the Army Corps of Engineers on a comprehensive plan to ensure the 
continued navigability of the Pearl River and Little Lake channels 
sufficient to support NASA barge operations surrounding Stennis Space 
Center and the Michoud Assembly Facility.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of this division, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on efforts under subsection 
(a).
    (c) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
        (1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the 
    Committee on Environment and Public Works, and the Committee on 
    Appropriations of the Senate; and
        (2) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the 
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee 
    on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 10815. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL SPACE 
STATION.
    (a) Policy.--Section 501(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351(a)) is 
amended by striking ``2024'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''.
    (b) Maintenance of United States Segment and Assurance of Continued 
Operations.--Section 503(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353(a)) is 
amended by striking ``September 30, 2024'' and inserting ``September 
30, 2030''.
    (c) Research Capacity Allocation and Integration of Research 
Payloads.--Section 504(d) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(d)) is 
amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence--
            (A) by striking ``As soon as practicable'' and all that 
        follows through ``2011,'' and inserting ``The''; and
            (B) by striking ``September 30, 2024'' and inserting 
        ``September 30, 2030''; and
        (2) in paragraph (2), in the third sentence, by striking 
    ``September 30, 2024'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''.
    (d) Maintenance of Use.--
        (1) In general.--Section 70907 of title 51, United States Code, 
    is amended--
            (A) in the section heading, by striking ``2024'' and 
        inserting ``2030'';
            (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``September 30, 2024'' 
        and inserting ``September 30, 2030''; and
            (C) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``September 30, 
        2024'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''.
        (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 
    709 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking the 
    item relating to section 70907 and inserting the following:
``70907. Maintaining use through at least 2030.''.

    (e) Transition Plan Reports.--Section 50111(c)(2) of title 51, 
United States Code is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''; and
        (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``2028'' and inserting 
    ``2030''.
    (f) Assessments and Report.--The Administrator shall--
        (1) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the viability of the 
    ISS to operate safely and support full and productive use through 
    2030, including all necessary analyses to certify ISS operations 
    through 2030;
        (2) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
    this Act, submit to the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel an 
    assessment of--
            (A) the root cause of cracks and air leaks in the Russian 
        Service Module Transfer Tunnel;
            (B) the certification of all United States systems and 
        modules to operate through 2030;
            (C)(i) an inventory of spares or replacements for elements, 
        systems, and equipment, including systems certified under 
        subparagraph (B), that are currently produced, in inventory, or 
        on order;
            (ii) a description of the state of the readiness of such 
        spares and replacements; and
            (iii) a schedule for delivery of such spares and 
        replacements to the ISS, including the planned transportation 
        means for such delivery and the estimated cost and schedule for 
        procurement of such spares and replacements and their delivery 
        to the ISS; and
            (D) any other relevant data, information, or analysis 
        relevant to the safe and productive use of the ISS through 
        2030; and
        (3) not later than 240 days after the date of the enactment of 
    this Act, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress--
            (A) a report on the results of the assessment conducted 
        under paragraph (1); and
            (B) a plan to address any recommendations of the Aerospace 
        Safety Advisory Panel, consistent with section 31101(c)(2) of 
        title 51, United States Code, with respect to such assessment.
SEC. 10816. PRIORITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assess International Space 
Station research activities and shall ensure that crew time and 
resources allocated to the Administration for use on the International 
Space Station prioritize--
        (1) the research of the Human Research Program, including 
    research on and development of countermeasures relevant to reducing 
    human health and performance risks, behavioral and psychological 
    risks, and other astronaut safety risks related to long-duration 
    human spaceflight;
        (2) risk reduction activities relevant to exploration 
    technologies, including for the Environmental Control and Life 
    Support System, extravehicular activity and space suits, 
    environmental monitoring, safety, emergency response, and deep 
    space communications;
        (3) the advancement of United States leadership in basic and 
    applied space life and physical science research, consistent with 
    the priorities of the most recent space life and physical sciences 
    decadal survey of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
    and Medicine; and
        (4) other research and development activities identified by the 
    Administrator as essential to Moon to Mars activities.
    (b) Reports.--
        (1) Assessment and prioritization.--Not later than 180 days 
    after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on--
            (A) the assessment; and
            (B) the steps taken to achieve the prioritization required 
        by subsection (a).
        (2) Space flight participants.--Not later than 120 days after 
    the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
    measures taken, with respect to space flight participants aboard 
    the ISS, to ensure government astronaut safety, to avoid 
    interference in ISS operations and research priorities, and to 
    prevent undue demands on crew time and resources.
        (3) Annual progress reports.--Concurrent with the annual budget 
    submission of the President to Congress under section 1105(a) of 
    title 31, United States Code, the Administrator shall provide to 
    the appropriate committees of Congress an annual accounting of the 
    use of Administration crew time and ISS resources, including the 
    allocation of such resources toward the priorities described in 
    subsection (a).
SEC. 10817. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATING TO ARTEMIS MISSIONS.
    (a) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 
20301 note) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c)(3)--
            (A) by striking ``EM-1'' and inserting ``Artemis I'';
            (B) by striking ``EM-2'' and inserting ``Artemis II''; and
            (C) by striking ``EM-3'' and inserting ``Artemis III''; and
        (2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``EM-3'' and inserting 
    ``Artemis III''.
    (b) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 
20302 note) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (3)(D)--
            (A) by striking ``EM-1'' and inserting ``Artemis I''; and
            (B) by striking ``EM-2'' and inserting ``Artemis II''; and
        (2) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ``EM-3'' and inserting 
    ``Artemis III''.

                          Subtitle B--Science

SEC. 10821. SCIENCE PRIORITIES.
    (a) Sense of Congress on Science Portfolio.--It is the sense of 
Congress that--
        (1) a balanced and adequately funded set of activities, 
    consisting of research and analysis grant programs, technology 
    development, suborbital research activities, and small, medium, and 
    large space missions, contributes to a robust and productive 
    science program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and 
    discovery; and
        (2) the Research and Analysis programs funded by the Science 
    Mission Directorate are critically important for--
            (A) preparing the next generation of space and Earth 
        scientists;
            (B) pursuing peer-reviewed cutting-edge research;
            (C) maximizing scientific return from the Administration's 
        space and Earth science missions; and
            (D) developing innovative techniques and future mission 
        concepts.
    (b) Goal.--The Administrator shall pursue the goal of establishing 
annual funding for Research and Analysis in the Science Mission 
Directorate that reaches a level of not less than 10 percent of the 
total annual funding of relevant divisions of the Science Mission 
Directorate by fiscal year 2025.
SEC. 10822. SEARCH FOR LIFE.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) the report entitled ``An Astrobiology Strategy for the 
    Search for Life in the Universe'' published by the National 
    Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine outlines key 
    scientific questions and methods on the search for the origin, 
    evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe; and
        (2) the interaction of lifeforms with their environment, a 
    central focus of astrobiology research, is a topic of broad 
    significance to life sciences research in space and on Earth.
    (b) Program Continuation.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue to implement 
    a collaborative, multidisciplinary science and technology 
    development program to search for evidence of the existence or 
    historical existence of life beyond Earth in support of--
            (A) the scientific priorities of the most recent decadal 
        surveys on planetary science and astrobiology and astronomy and 
        astrophysics of the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine; and
            (B) the objective described in section 20102(d)(10) of 
        title 51, United States Code.
        (2) Element.--The program under paragraph (1) shall include 
    activities relating to astronomy, biology, geology, and planetary 
    science.
        (3) Coordination with life sciences program.--In carrying out 
    the program under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall coordinate 
    efforts with the life sciences program of the Administration.
        (4) Instrumentation and sensor technology.--In carrying out the 
    program under paragraph (1), the Administrator may invest in the 
    development of new instrumentation and sensor technology.
        (5) Technosignatures.--In carrying out the program under 
    paragraph (1), the Administrator may support, as appropriate, 
    merit-reviewed, competitively selected research on 
    technosignatures.
SEC. 10823. NEXT GENERATION OF ASTROPHYSICS GREAT OBSERVATORIES.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) NASA's Great Observatories, a suite of space-based 
    telescopes launched over the course of 2 decades and comprised of 
    the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, Chandra 
    X-Ray Observatory, and Spitzer Space Telescope, have enabled major 
    scientific advances across a broad range of astrophysics 
    disciplines, including with respect to the origins of planets, the 
    formation and evolution of stars and galaxies, fundamental physics, 
    and the structure of the universe;
        (2) the decadal survey of the National Academies of Science, 
    Engineering, and Medicine entitled ``Pathways to Discovery in 
    Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s'' recommends a vision to 
    understand the relationships between stars and the bodies that 
    orbit them by ``looking'' at the universe through a range of 
    observations, including radio, optical, gamma rays, neutrinos, and 
    gravitational waves, in order to understand the origin and 
    evolution of galaxies;
        (3) the United States and NASA are uniquely poised--
            (A) to lead the world in the implementation of the next 
        generation of Great Observatories, as recommended in such 
        decadal survey, including implementation of an observatory to 
        search for biosignatures of exoplanets in the habitable zone;
            (B) to address the most compelling scientific questions of 
        the next decade; and
            (C) to transform not only our understanding of the universe 
        and the processes and physical paradigms that govern the 
        universe, but also the place of humanity in the universe;
        (4) the Administrator should pursue an ambitious astrophysics 
    program that meets the scientific vision of the astronomical 
    community and the transformative capacity of technological 
    innovation; and
        (5) in implementing astrophysics research, in order to avoid 
    the major growth in the cost of astrophysics flagship-class 
    missions that has the potential to impact the overall portfolio 
    balance of the Science Mission Directorate, the Administrator 
    should seek to implement lessons learned from previous astrophysics 
    missions, including by--
            (A) establishing sufficient cost and schedule reserves;
            (B) demonstrating in advance of preliminary design review, 
        as practicable and appropriate, the maturity of necessary 
        technologies through prototype demonstrations in a relevant 
        environment;
            (C) providing for regular updates to the cost, schedule, 
        and risk of a project; and
            (D) considering, as feasible, the impacts of cost and 
        schedule changes across the Science Mission Directorate.
    (b) Nancy Grace Roman Telescope.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue development 
    of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (commonly known as the 
    ``Roman telescope'' and formerly known as the ``Wide Field Infrared 
    Survey Telescope'') in the configuration established through 
    critical design review, to meet the objectives prioritized in the 
    2010 decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics of the National 
    Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
        (2) Cost and schedule.--Section 30104 of title 51, United 
    States Code shall apply to the development of the Roman telescope 
    under paragraph (1).
        (3) Quarterly reports.--Not less frequently than quarterly, the 
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress a report on the progress of the development of the Roman 
    telescope and the budget profile and schedule relative to the 
    baseline plan for such development.
SEC. 10824. EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) the Earth science and applications program of the 
    Administration provides increasingly valuable data for natural 
    resource management, agriculture, forestry, food security, air 
    quality monitoring, and many other application areas; and
        (2) a robust and balanced Earth science and applications 
    program contributes significantly to--
            (A) the scientific discovery and economic growth of the 
        United States; and
            (B) supporting the health and safety of the people of the 
        United States and the citizens of the world.
    (b) Reaffirmation.--Congress reaffirms the goal for the 
Administration's Earth science and applications program set forth in 
section 60501 of title 51, United States Code, which states: ``The goal 
for the Administration's Earth Science program shall be to pursue a 
program of Earth observations, research, and applications activities to 
better understand the Earth, how it supports life, and how human 
activities affect its ability to do so in the future. In pursuit of 
this goal, the Administration's Earth Science program shall ensure that 
securing practical benefits for society will be an important measure of 
its success in addition to securing new knowledge about the Earth 
system and climate change. In further pursuit of this goal, the 
Administration shall, together with the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, provide United 
States leadership in developing and carrying out a cooperative 
international Earth observations-based research program.''.
    (c) Earth Science Missions and Programs.--With respect to the 
missions and programs of the Earth Science Division, the Administrator 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, follow the recommendations 
and guidance provided by the scientific community through the decadal 
survey for Earth science and applications from space of the National 
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, including--
        (1) the science priorities described in such survey;
        (2) the execution of the series of existing or previously 
    planned observations (commonly known as the ``program of record''); 
    and
        (3) the development of a range of missions of all classes, 
    including opportunities for principal investigator-led, 
    competitively selected missions.
    (d) Earth System Observatory.--The Administrator shall pursue an 
Earth System Observatory, which shall consist of an array of new and 
complementary Earth-observing scientific satellites, instruments, and 
missions--
        (1) to address the recommendations of the 2018 Earth science 
    and applications decadal survey of the National Academies of 
    Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine entitled ``Thriving on our 
    Changing Planet'', including by conducting priority observations 
    in--
            (A) aerosols;
            (B) cloud convection and precipitation;
            (C) mass change;
            (D) surface biology and geology;
            (E) surface deformation and change; and
            (F) other observation areas designated as high-priority by 
        such decadal survey; and
        (2) to achieve the goal of the Earth Science Program set forth 
    in section 60501 of title 51, United States Code.
    (e) Survey of Use of Earth Observation Data by States, Tribes, and 
Territories.--
        (1) Survey.--The Administrator shall arrange for the conduct of 
    a survey of the use of NASA Earth observation data by States, 
    Tribal organizations, and territories.
        (2) Submission.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress the results of the survey 
    conducted under paragraph (1).
    (f) Climate Architecture Plan.--The Administrator shall--
        (1) maintain a comprehensive, strategic Climate Architecture 
    Plan for Earth Observations and Applications from Space that 
    describes an integrated and balanced program of Earth science and 
    applications observations to advance science, policy, and 
    applications and societal benefits; and
        (2) update such plan every 5 years so as to align with the 
    release of the decadal surveys in Earth science and applications 
    from space and the mid-decade assessments of the National Academics 
    of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
SEC. 10825. PLANETARY DEFENSE COORDINATION OFFICE.
    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
        (1) Near-Earth objects remain a threat to the United States.
        (2) Section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 
    Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.), established a requirement 
    that the Administrator plan, develop, and implement a Near-Earth 
    Object Survey program to detect, track, catalogue, and characterize 
    the physical characteristics of near-Earth objects equal to, or 
    greater than, 140 meters in diameter in order to assess the threat 
    of such near-Earth objects to the Earth, with the goal of 90 
    percent completion of the catalogue of such near-Earth objects by 
    December 30, 2020.
        (3) The goal described in paragraph (2) has not be met.
        (4) The report of the National Academies of Sciences, 
    Engineering, and Medicine entitled ``Finding Hazardous Asteroids 
    Using Infrared and Visible Wavelength Telescopes'', issued in 2019, 
    states that--
            (A) NASA should develop and launch a dedicated space-based 
        infrared survey telescope to meet the requirements of section 
        321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 
        51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.); and
            (B) the early detection of potentially hazardous near-Earth 
        objects enabled by a space-based infrared survey telescope is 
        important to enable deflection of a dangerous asteroid.
    (b) Maintenance of Planetary Defense Coordination Office.--The 
Administrator shall maintain an office within the Planetary Science 
Division of the Science Mission Directorate, to be known as the 
``Planetary Defense Coordination Office''--
        (1) to plan, develop, and implement a program to survey threats 
    posed by near-Earth objects equal to or greater than 140 meters in 
    diameter, as required by section 321(d)(1) of the National 
    Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 
    (Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.);
        (2) identify, track, and characterize potentially hazardous 
    near-Earth objects, issue warnings of the effects of potential 
    impacts of such objects, and investigate strategies and 
    technologies for mitigating the potential impacts of such objects; 
    and
        (3) assist in coordinating government planning for response to 
    a potential impact of a near-Earth object.
    (c) Dedicated Survey Mission.--
        (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (A) the Near-Earth Object Surveyor mission, as designed, is 
        anticipated to make significant progress toward carrying out 
        congressional policy and direction, as set forth in section 
        321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 
        51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.), to detect 90 percent of near-Earth 
        objects equal to, or greater than, 140 meters in diameter; and
            (B) the Administrator should prioritize the public safety 
        role of the Near-Earth Object Surveyor mission and should not 
        delay the development and launch of the mission due to cost 
        growth on other planetary science missions.
        (2) Continuation of mission.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall continue the 
        development of a dedicated space-based infrared survey 
        telescope mission, known as the ``Near-Earth Object Surveyor'', 
        on a schedule to achieve a launch-readiness date not later than 
        March 30, 2026, or the earliest practicable date, for the 
        purpose of accomplishing the objectives set forth in section 
        321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 
        51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.).
            (B) Consideration of recommendations.--The design of the 
        mission described in subparagraph (A) shall take into account 
        the recommendations of the 2019 report of the National 
        Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine entitled 
        ``Finding Hazardous Asteroids Using Infrared and Visible 
        Wavelength Telescopes'', the planetary science decadal survey, 
        and the 2018 United States National Near-Earth Object 
        Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan.
    (d) Annual Report.--Section 321(f) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 
Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Annual Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2022 and annually thereafter through 90-percent 
completion of the catalogue required by subsection (d)(1), the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report that includes the 
following:
        ``(1) A summary of all activities carried out by the Planetary 
    Defense Coordination Office established under section 10825 of the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
    2022 since the date of enactment of that Act.
        ``(2) A description of the progress with respect to the design, 
    development, and launch of the space-based infrared survey 
    telescope required by section 10825(c) of the National Aeronautics 
    and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022.
        ``(3) An assessment of the progress toward meeting the 
    requirements under subsection (d)(1).
        ``(4) A description of the status of efforts to coordinate and 
    cooperate with other countries to detect hazardous asteroids and 
    comets, plan a mitigation strategy, and implement that strategy in 
    the event of the discovery of an object on a likely collision 
    course with Earth.
        ``(5) A summary of expenditures for all activities carried out 
    by the Planetary Defense Coordination Office since the date of 
    enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
    Authorization Act of 2022''.
    (e) Near-earth Object Defined.--In this section, the term ``near-
Earth object'' has the meaning given the term in section 321(c) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.).

                        Subtitle C--Aeronautics

SEC. 10831. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT PROJECTS.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) developing high-risk, precompetitive aerospace technologies 
    for which there is not yet a profit rationale is a fundamental role 
    of the Administration;
        (2) large-scale flight test experimentation and validation are 
    necessary for--
            (A) transitioning new technologies and materials, including 
        associated manufacturing processes, for aviation and 
        aeronautics use; and
            (B) capturing the full extent of benefits from investments 
        made by the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate; and
        (3) a level of funding that adequately supports large-scale 
    flight test experimentation and validation, including related 
    infrastructure, should be ensured over a sustained period of time 
    to restore the capacity of the Administration--
            (A) to see legacy priority programs through to completion; 
        and
            (B) to achieve national economic and security objectives.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
        (1) to maintain world leadership in--
            (A) civilian aeronautical science and technology; and
            (B) aerospace industrialization; and
        (2) to maintain as a fundamental objective of the aeronautics 
    research of the Administration the steady progression and expansion 
    of flight research and capabilities, including the science and 
    technology of critical underlying disciplines and competencies, 
    such as--
            (A) computational-based analytical and predictive tools and 
        methodologies;
            (B) aerothermodynamics;
            (C) propulsion;
            (D) advanced materials and manufacturing processes;
            (E) high-temperature structures and materials; and
            (F) guidance, navigation, and flight controls.
    (c) Experimental Aircraft Flight Demonstrations.--
        (1) In general.--In meeting the objectives described in 
    subsection (b), the Administrator shall carry out experimental 
    aircraft demonstrations, including--
            (A) a subsonic demonstrator to demonstrate the performance 
        and feasibility of advanced, ultra-efficient, and low emissions 
        subsonic flight demonstrator configurations;
            (B) a low boom flight demonstrator to validate design tools 
        and technologies that can be applied to low sonic boom 
        commercial supersonic aircraft and support the development of a 
        noise-based standard for supersonic overland flight; and
            (C) a flight research demonstrator to test the performance 
        and feasibility of advanced, ultra-efficient and net-zero 
        emissions aircraft concepts and configurations.
        (2) Elements.--For each demonstration under paragraph (1), the 
    Administrator shall--
            (A) include the development of experimental aircraft and 
        all necessary supporting flight test assets;
            (B) pursue a robust technology maturation and flight test 
        validation effort;
            (C) improve necessary facilities, flight testing 
        capabilities, and computational tools to support the 
        demonstration;
            (D) award any primary contracts for design, procurement, 
        and manufacturing to United States persons, consistent with 
        international obligations and commitments; and
            (E) coordinate research and flight test demonstration 
        activities with other Federal agencies and the United States 
        aviation community, as the Administrator considers appropriate.
        (3) United states person defined.--In this subsection, the term 
    ``United States person'' means--
            (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted 
        for permanent residence to the United States; or
            (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States 
        or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a 
        foreign branch of such an entity.
    (d) Collaboration With Industry and Academia.--The Administration 
shall seek means to expand collaboration with industry and academia on 
basic research and technology development related to experimental 
aircraft, and on the experimental aircraft demonstrations required by 
subsection (c).
    (e) Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology Program.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator may establish an advanced 
    materials and manufacturing technology program--
            (A) to develop--
                (i) new materials, including composite and high-
            temperature materials, from base material formulation 
            through full-scale structural validation and manufacture;
                (ii) advanced materials and manufacturing processes, 
            including additive manufacturing, to reduce the cost of 
            manufacturing scale-up and certification for use in 
            aeronautics; and
                (iii) noninvasive or nondestructive techniques for 
            testing or evaluating aviation and aeronautics structures, 
            including for materials and manufacturing processes;
            (B) to reduce the time it takes to design, industrialize, 
        and certify advanced materials and manufacturing processes;
            (C) to provide education and training opportunities for the 
        aerospace workforce; and
            (D) to address global cost and human capital 
        competitiveness for United States aeronautical industries and 
        technological leadership in advanced materials and 
        manufacturing technology.
        (2) Elements.--In carrying out a program under paragraph (1), 
    the Administrator may--
            (A) build on work that was carried out by the Advanced 
        Composites Project of the Administration;
            (B) partner with the private and academic sectors, such as 
        members of the Advanced Composites Consortium of the 
        Administration, the Joint Advanced Materials and Structures 
        Center of Excellence of the Federal Aviation Administration, 
        the Manufacturing USA institutes of the Department of Commerce, 
        and national laboratories, as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate;
            (C) provide a structure for managing intellectual property 
        generated by the program based on or consistent with the 
        structure established for the Advanced Composites Consortium of 
        the Administration;
            (D) ensure adequate Federal cost share for applicable 
        research; and
            (E) coordinate with advanced manufacturing and composites 
        initiatives in other mission directorates of the 
        Administration, as the Administrator considers appropriate.
    (f) Research Partnerships.--In carrying out the demonstrations 
under subsection (c) and a program under subsection (e), the 
Administrator may engage in cooperative research programs with--
        (1) academia; and
        (2) commercial aviation and aerospace manufacturers.
SEC. 10832. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
    (a) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operation Program.--The Administrator 
shall--
        (1) research and test capabilities and concepts, including 
    unmanned aircraft systems communications, for integrating unmanned 
    aircraft systems into the national airspace system;
        (2) leverage the partnership NASA has with industry focused on 
    the advancement of technologies for future air traffic management 
    systems for unmanned aircraft systems; and
        (3) continue to leverage the research and testing portfolio of 
    NASA to inform the integration of unmanned aircraft systems into 
    the national airspace system, consistent with public safety and 
    national security objectives.
    (b) Sense of Congress on Coordination With Federal Aviation 
Administration.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) NASA should continue--
            (A) to coordinate with the Federal Aviation Administration 
        on research on air traffic management systems for unmanned 
        aircraft systems; and
            (B) to assist the Federal Aviation Administration in the 
        integration of air traffic management systems for unmanned 
        aircraft systems into the national airspace system; and
        (2) the test ranges (as defined in section 44801 of title 49, 
    United States Code) should continue to be leveraged for research 
    on--
            (A) air traffic management systems for unmanned aircraft 
        systems; and
            (B) the integration of such systems into the national 
        airspace system.
SEC. 10833. CLEANER, QUIETER AIRPLANES.
    (a) Initiative Required.--Section 40112 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) as subsections 
    (c) through (g), respectively; and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Research and Development Initiative on Reduction of 
Greenhouse Gas and Noise Emissions From Aircraft.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish an 
    initiative to research, develop, and demonstrate new technologies 
    and concepts--
            ``(A) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation, 
        including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, other greenhouse 
        gases, water vapor, black carbon and sulfate aerosols, and 
        increased cloudiness due to contrail formation;
            ``(B) to reduce aviation noise emissions; and
            ``(C) to enable associated aircraft performance 
        characteristics.
        ``(2) Goals.--The goals of the initiative required by paragraph 
    (1) shall be--
            ``(A) to ensure United States leadership in research and 
        technology innovation leading to substantial reductions in 
        aviation noise and greenhouse gas emissions;
            ``(B) to enhance and expand basic research, and the 
        translation of basic research into applications, that may lead 
        to transformational advances in reducing aviation noise and 
        greenhouse gas emissions;
            ``(C) to accelerate research and development that 
        contributes to maturing new technologies for reducing aircraft 
        noise and greenhouse gas emissions; and
            ``(D) to obtain and disseminate associated testing and 
        performance data that facilitates the incorporation of new 
        technologies into commercial aircraft development as soon as 
        practicable.
        ``(3) Objectives.--The objectives of the initiative established 
    under paragraph (1) and the goals described in paragraph (2) shall 
    include--
            ``(A) as soon as practicable, a reduction of greenhouse gas 
        emissions from new aircraft by at least 50 percent, as compared 
        to the highest-performing aircraft technologies in service as 
        of December 31, 2021;
            ``(B) noise levels from aircraft throughout all phases of 
        flight that do not exceed ambient noise levels in the absence 
        of flight operations in the vicinity of the flight route;
            ``(C) net-zero greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft by 
        2050; and
            ``(D) demonstration of new technologies developed pursuant 
        to such initiative on--
                ``(i) regional aircraft intended to enter into service 
            by 2030; and
                ``(ii) single-aisle aircraft designed to accommodate 
            more than 125 passengers intended to enter into service by 
            2040.''.
    (b) Technology Focus Areas.--In carrying out the research and 
development initiative established under section 40112(b) of title 51, 
United States Code, the Administrator shall advance research, 
development, and demonstration projects on promising technologies such 
as--
        (1) advanced subsonic propulsion technology, design, and 
    integration;
        (2) electric and hybrid-electric propulsion, including battery 
    electric and hydrogen fuel cell electric systems;
        (3) airframe concepts and configurations;
        (4) analysis of technology options, including cost-benefit 
    analysis of greenhouse gas and noise emissions reduction 
    technologies;
        (5) analytical tools for system-level and system-of-systems-
    level modeling and integration;
        (6) airspace operations improvements;
        (7) noise emissions reduction; and
        (8) any other effort, as determined by the Administration, that 
    contributes to a sustainable future for aviation.
    (c) Implementation.--In implementing the initiative established 
under section 40112(b) of title 51, United States Code, the 
Administrator shall, to the extent practicable--
        (1) ensure that testing and performance data integrates the 
    results of community acceptance surveys conducted by the Federal 
    Aviation Administration and other relevant studies, including 
    studies on the impacts of new noise effects from novel propulsion 
    systems and from airspace operations changes;
        (2) provide testing and performance data on the technologies 
    described in subsection (b) of this section to the Administrator of 
    the Federal Aviation Administration to facilitate the work of the 
    Federal Aviation Administration in identifying new requirements for 
    policy, infrastructure, and administrative capacity necessary to 
    enable the safe integration of such technologies on aircraft;
        (3) pursue partnerships with organizations, current commercial 
    production aircraft providers, academic institutions, small 
    businesses, and new entrants, including partnerships to advance 
    research and development activities related to both regional 
    aircraft and aircraft designed to accommodate more than 125 
    passengers;
        (4) include universities, academic institutions, and other 
    research organizations in the partnerships described in paragraph 
    (3);
        (5) expand basic research;
        (6) ensure equity in research sponsorship of, and partnership 
    opportunities with, underrepresented students, faculty, and 
    minority-serving-institutions;
        (7) continue to coordinate with the Secretary of Energy on 
    battery technology research;
        (8) make available the research and development carried out 
    under the initiative established under subsection (b) of section 
    40112 of title 51, United States Code, to help enable an industry-
    wide shift toward aircraft concepts that reduce greenhouse gas 
    emissions and aircraft noise to achieve the goals and objectives 
    under paragraphs (2) and (3) of that subsection; and
        (9) continue to support research, development, and 
    demonstration of aircraft concepts, including systems architecture, 
    materials and components, integration of systems and airframe 
    structures, human factors, airspace planning and operations, and 
    the integration of related advanced technologies and concepts, with 
    the goal of carrying out test flights with integrated subsystems by 
    2025.
    (d) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
progress of the efforts carried out under the initiative established 
under subsection (b) of section 40112 of title 51, United States Code, 
including--
        (1) the status of progress on such initiative;
        (2) an updated, anticipated timeframe for readiness of 
    technologies and aircraft to be adopted by industry with the 
    emissions reduction levels directed under that subsection; and
        (3) an identification of fundamental aeronautics research 
    activities contributing to achieving the goals and objectives of 
    such initiative, as described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of that 
    subsection, and a description of any obstacles to achieving such 
    goals and objectives.

                      Subtitle D--Space Technology

SEC. 10841. SPACE NUCLEAR CAPABILITIES.
    (a) Nuclear Propulsion.--
        (1) Use in robotic and human exploration activities.--The 
    Administrator, in collaboration with other relevant Federal 
    agencies and with industry, shall take all necessary steps to carry 
    out research and development, ground-based testing and in-space 
    testing, and other associated activities to enable the use of space 
    nuclear propulsion in Administration robotic and human exploration 
    activities, including in cargo missions to Mars in the late 2020's 
    and crewed missions to Mars in the 2030's.
        (2) Space nuclear propulsion program.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a space 
        nuclear propulsion program to carry out the activities 
        described in paragraph (1).
            (B) Elements.--The program established under subparagraph 
        (A) shall include the following:
                (i) Research and development in both nuclear electric 
            and nuclear thermal propulsion technology maturation 
            efforts, to the extent practicable, and the development of 
            consistent figures of merit across both nuclear electric 
            and nuclear thermal systems, as recommended by the National 
            Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in the 
            report entitled ``Space Nuclear Propulsion for Human Mars 
            Exploration'', so as to inform a down-selection of a 
            nuclear electric or nuclear thermal propulsion system by 
            2026, or as early as practicable.
                (ii) Ground-based testing, to the extent practicable, 
            including not less than 1 ground-based test of a full-
            scale, integrated nuclear propulsion system before any in-
            space test or demonstration of such system.
                (iii) In-space demonstration of a nuclear propulsion 
            system in the late 2020's, which may be carried out as a 
            cargo mission to Mars.
        (3) Plan.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a plan to achieve an in-
        space flight test of a nuclear propulsion system that could 
        support the first crewed mission to Mars in the 2030's.
            (B) Elements.--The plan required by subparagraph (A) shall 
        include the following:
                (i) A timeline to mature enabling technologies and an 
            outline of major milestones for integration of such 
            technologies into the larger nuclear propulsion system.
                (ii) A cost estimate for maturing such technologies.
                (iii) A description of facility requirements for the 
            program under paragraph (2) associated with such 
            technologies.
                (iv) A description of the manner in which the 
            Administrator will use the efforts described in paragraph 
            (2)(B) to determine whether the in-space flight test should 
            demonstrate a nuclear electric propulsion system or a 
            nuclear thermal propulsion system.
            (C) An identification of any policy or regulatory 
        challenges or barriers to conducting such in-space test or any 
        precursor ground-based testing, and a description of options 
        for addressing such challenges or barriers.
    (b) Nuclear Surface Power Program.--
        (1) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program 
    for research, testing, and development of a space nuclear surface 
    power reactor design.
        (2) Plan.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                (i) develop a plan and timeline for the program 
            established under paragraph (1), taking into consideration 
            mission needs; and
                (ii) include in such plan opportunities for 
            participation by United States commercial entities.
            (B) Submission.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress the plan developed under 
        subparagraph (A).
    (c) Assessment of In-space Propulsion Testing Facilities.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall carry out a needs 
    assessment for facilities and technical capabilities required to 
    support ground-based testing of a full-scale, full-power integrated 
    nuclear propulsion system.
        (2) Element.--The assessment required by paragraph (1) shall 
    consider the potential development of facilities that will support 
    long-term research and development of space nuclear propulsion 
    systems.
        (3) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
    assessment carried out under paragraph (1).
SEC. 10842. PRIORITIZATION OF LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM TECHNOLOGY.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall prioritize the use of low-
enriched uranium, including high-assay low-enriched uranium, for space 
nuclear research and development, including ground and in-space testing 
and other related demonstration activities carried out under this 
title.
    (b) Interagency Collaboration.--The Administrator shall, to the 
extent practicable, collaborate and coordinate with the Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other relevant 
Federal agencies on technology development, knowledge exchange, lessons 
learned regarding nuclear power and propulsion technologies, common 
fuels, flight demonstrations, and operational systems production for 
space applications.
    (c) Report on Nuclear Technology Prioritization.--Not later than 
120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that 
details the actions taken and planned, including a timeline for such 
actions, to implement subsection (a).

                      Subtitle E--STEM Engagement

SEC. 10851. OFFICE OF STEM ENGAGEMENT.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that NASA's 
inspiring mission, specialized facilities, skilled engineering and 
scientific workforce, and research activities present unique 
opportunities for inspiring public engagement in STEM and increasing 
the number of students pursuing STEM degrees and careers.
    (b) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish an Office of 
STEM Engagement (referred to in this section as the ``Office'') for the 
purpose of advancing progress toward the STEM education goals of the 
United States by enhancing STEM literacy, increasing diversity, equity, 
and inclusion in STEM, and preparing the STEM workforce for the future.
    (c) Responsibilities.--The Office established shall be responsible 
for coordinating efforts and activities among organizations across the 
Administration, including NASA headquarters, mission directorates, and 
NASA centers, designed--
        (1) to create unique opportunities for students and the public 
    to learn from and contribute to the work of NASA in exploration and 
    discovery;
        (2) to contribute to the growth of a diverse STEM workforce; 
    and
        (3) to strengthen public understanding of science by enabling 
    connections to the mission and work of NASA.
    (d) Portfolio.--The Office shall coordinate and administer--
        (1) the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program 
    under chapter 403 of title 51 United States Code;
        (2) the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research 
    under section 40903 of title 51 United States Code;
        (3) the Minority University Research and Education Project;
        (4) the NextGen STEM Project; and
        (5) any other program or activity the Administrator considers 
    appropriate.
    (e) Technical Amendments.--Section 40903 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended--
        (1) in the section heading, by striking ``Experimental'' and 
    inserting ``Established''; and
        (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``Experimental'' and 
    inserting ``Established''.

                       Subtitle F--Miscellaneous

SEC. 10861. PROGRAM, WORKFORCE, AND INDUSTRIAL BASE REVIEWS.
    (a) Report on Industrial Base for Civil Space Missions and 
Operations.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, and from time to time thereafter, the 
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress a report on the United States industrial base for NASA 
    civil space missions and operations.
        (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
    include the following:
            (A) A comprehensive description of the current status of 
        the United States industrial base for NASA civil space missions 
        and operations.
            (B) A description and assessment of the weaknesses in the 
        supply chain, skills, manufacturing capacity, raw materials, 
        key components, and other areas of the United States industrial 
        base for NASA civil space missions and operations that could 
        adversely impact such missions and operations if unavailable.
            (C) A description and assessment of various mechanisms to 
        address and mitigate the weaknesses described pursuant to 
        subparagraph (B).
            (D) A comprehensive list of the collaborative efforts, 
        including future and proposed collaborative efforts, between 
        NASA and the Manufacturing USA institutes of the Department of 
        Commerce.
            (E) An assessment of--
                (i) the defense and aerospace manufacturing supply 
            chains relevant to NASA in each region of the United 
            States; and
                (ii) the feasibility and benefits of establishing a 
            supply chain center of excellence in a State in which NASA 
            does not, as of the date of the enactment of this Act, have 
            a research center or test facility.
            (F) Such other matters relating to the United States 
        industrial base for NASA civil space missions and operations as 
        the Administrator considers appropriate.
    (b) Workforce and Modeling and Test Facilities.--
        (1) Review.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall enter into an 
        arrangement with the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine to carry out a comprehensive review 
        of the workforce, skills-base, and modeling and test facilities 
        of the Administration.
            (B) Elements.--The review conducted under subparagraph (A) 
        shall include the following:
                (i) A consideration of the use of emerging technologies 
            in relevant engineering and science disciplines and the 
            skills needed to apply such capabilities to Administration 
            missions across all mission directorates.
                (ii) Prioritized recommendations on actions needed to 
            align the Administration's workforce with research 
            objectives and strategic goals and on the improvements and 
            additions to modeling capabilities and test facilities 
            needed to meet the Administration's strategic goals and 
            objectives.
            (C) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress report on the results of the 
        review conducted under subparagraph (A).
        (2) Implementation plan.--Not later than 120 days after the 
    date on which the review under paragraph (1) is completed, the 
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress a plan for implementing the recommendations contained the 
    review.
        (3) Report on nasa infrastructure, workforce skills and 
    capabilities.--
            (A) Policy and procedure.--
                (i) In general.--The Administrator shall develop an 
            Administration policy and procedure for assessment, not 
            less frequently than every 5 years, of the strategic 
            capabilities of the Administration, including 
            infrastructure and facilities, and workforce skills and 
            capabilities.
                (ii) Elements.--The policy and procedure developed 
            under clause (i) shall include acquiring data and support 
            for Administration decisions and recommendations on 
            strategic capabilities, including on infrastructure and 
            facilities, and workforce skills and capabilities needed to 
            support the goals and objectives of the Administration 
            through 2040.
            (B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit the 
        policy and procedure developed under subparagraph (A) to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress.
        (4) Independent program analysis and evaluation office.--
            (A) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish 
        within NASA an Independent Program Analysis and Evaluation 
        Office (referred to in this paragraph as the ``Office'') for 
        purposes of independently assessing program performance, making 
        programmatic, technical risk mitigation and institutional 
        recommendations, performing cost estimates and analyses, and 
        conducting strategic planning activities, among other 
        functions.
            (B) Independence.--The Office shall remain independent of 
        any program, and shall have no programmatic responsibilities, 
        so as to maintain its independent assessment integrity.
            (C) Activities authorized.--In conducting the functions of 
        the Office, the Administrator may carry out--
                (i) research on program assessment;
                (ii) cost, schedule, and technical estimation; and
                (iii) other relevant activities for the purposes of 
            obtaining the highest level of expertise and the most 
            effective decision-making tools with which to inform the 
            Administrator.
            (D) Moon to mars activities.--The Office shall maintain an 
        ongoing, focused effort to assess the goals, objectives, 
        requirements, architectural approach, cost and schedule, and 
        progress of the Administration's Moon to Mars activities.
        (5) International space station.--Not later than 1 year after 
    the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the results of an 
    independent estimate by the Office of the cost of continuing 
    International Space Station operations through September 30, 2030, 
    including--
            (A) crew and cargo transportation, research to be 
        undertaken reflecting the priorities described in section 
        10816, and maintenance costs; and
            (B) opportunities for operational efficiencies that could 
        result in cost savings and increased research productivity and 
        the amount of those potential savings and productivity 
        increases.
SEC. 10862. MODIFICATION OF LEASE OF NON-EXCESS PROPERTY.
    (a) In General.--Section 20145 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by striking 
``December 31, 2022'' and inserting ``December 31, 2032''.
    (b) Reporting Requirements.--Subsection (f) of such section is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Annual and cumulative number of leases.--The annual and 
    cumulative number of leases entered into under this section, by 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration center and facility.
        ``(4) Estimated cost savings.--For each active lease agreement 
    under this section, the estimated cost savings to the 
    Administration resulting from reduced maintenance, operating, and 
    associated costs in the previous fiscal year.
        ``(5) Other quantifiable benefits.--Other quantifiable 
    benefits, including additional cost savings not included under 
    paragraph (4), to the Administration resulting from the use of 
    leases under this section.''.
    (c) Report on Requirements.--Such section is further amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
        (2) by adding after subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Report on Enhanced-use Leasing Requirements.--Not later than 
270 days after the date of the enactment of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022, the Administrator 
shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report on existing 
requirements for applicants seeking a lease under this section, 
including--
        ``(1) any requirement related to the involvement of foreign 
    entities, foreign entity ownership, and foreign entity investment; 
    and
        ``(2) at the discretion of the Administrator, any other 
    requirement related to the protection and security of 
    Administration missions and facilities.''.

   DIVISION C--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS TO ADDRESS THREATS TO THE 
                   SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

     The following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 2022, and for other purposes, namely:

                                TITLE I

                         DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

                     United States Marshals Service

                         salaries and expenses

    For an additional amount for ``Salaries and Expenses'', 
$10,300,000, to remain available until September 30, 2023, for expenses 
necessary to address threats to the Supreme Court of the United States.

                                TITLE II

                             THE JUDICIARY

                   Supreme Court of the United States

                         salaries and expenses

    For an additional amount for ``Salaries and Expenses'', $9,100,000, 
to remain available until September 30, 2023, for expenses necessary to 
address threats to the Supreme Court of the United States.

                               TITLE III

                      GENERAL PROVISIONS--THIS ACT

    Sec. 301.  Each amount appropriated or made available by this Act 
is in addition to amounts otherwise appropriated for the fiscal year 
involved.
    Sec. 302.  No part of any appropriation contained in this Act shall 
remain available for obligation beyond the current fiscal year unless 
expressly so provided herein.
    Sec. 303.  Unless otherwise provided for by this Act, the 
additional amounts appropriated by this Act to appropriations accounts 
shall be available under the authorities and conditions applicable to 
such appropriations accounts for fiscal year 2022.
    Sec. 304.  Each amount provided by this Act is designated by 
Congress as being for an emergency requirement pursuant to section 
4001(a)(1) and section 4001(b) of S. Con. Res. 14 (117th Congress), the 
concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2022.
     This division may be cited as the ``Supreme Court Security Funding 
Act of 2022''.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.