<enum>I</enum><header>Department of Energy Science for the Future</header><section id="HDC4935C36FC1487A8812580A144713AA"><enum>10101.</enum><header>Mission of the Office of Science</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H7FEBA590EBD84B0482850699C73BA934" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H520B1ACE54BA4D37A5BA2C987D20B8E1"><enum>(d)</enum><header>User facilities</header><text>The Director shall carry out the construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to support the mission described in subsection (c). As practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the academic community, and other relevant entities for the purposes of advancing the missions of the Department, improving the competitiveness of the United States, protecting public health and safety, and addressing other national priorities including emergencies.</text></subsection><subsection id="H464FA2E8B1D8431CBB1B7D4851A9B643"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Coordination</header><paragraph id="HD6E564B1151D4C80ADD07F33D7A331B3"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary—</text><subparagraph id="HE69FBBE1B92F4D6C83AF4CC7D25B594B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>shall ensure the coordination of the Office of Science with the other activities of the Department, including the transfer of knowledge, capabilities, and relevant technologies from basic research programs of the Department to applied research and development programs of the Department for the purpose of enabling development of mission-relevant technologies;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBFAAF46DC7A84FD2912FA9EF0D928943"><enum>(B)</enum><text>shall support joint activities among the programs of the Department;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H654120734F0C4E6EAF78384E3B15ED0F"><enum>(C)</enum><text>shall coordinate with other relevant Federal agencies operating under existing authorizations relating to subjects relating to the mission described in subsection (c) in supporting advancements in related research areas as appropriate; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H39D14621DF224D24A8C59CC3F9611238"><enum>(D)</enum><text>may form partnerships to enhance the utilization of and ensure access to user facilities by other Federal agencies.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7F65BA68AA5946D2B72A619BA5A59606"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Office of Science</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director—</text><subparagraph id="H5457C15910DA445C985483686111CA7B"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall ensure the coordination of programs and activities carried out by the Office of Science; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3499A312F59F4F24BC165DEC756460A0"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall direct all programs which have not recently completed a future planning roadmap consistent with the funding of such programs authorized under the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act to complete such a roadmap.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="HE3AE9B42423649D78E2748B4D7FE8A76"><enum>10102.</enum><header>Basic energy sciences program</header><subsection id="HF2B3DFDAF60243A2AD847BD0867C5BE4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 303 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18641">42 U.S.C. 18641</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HFD2165B4AA5B419AAAA161D7CAC19488"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as subsections (c) through (g), respectively;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H774DA0AF01164095B2796FB76CBF7321"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated, the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H76AD8149DC4440B7A78A6CF120B5C2A6" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="HC57CEB930A644EA187D6081CD3B75CD3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program</header><text>As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>), the Director shall carry out a research and development program in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to understand, model, and control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies, address scientific grand challenges, and support the energy, environment, and national security missions of the Department.</text></subsection><subsection id="H39792BFDD69148E4B3301C3EC089A8C2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sustainable chemistry</header><text>In carrying out chemistry-related research and development activities under this section, the Director shall prioritize research and development of sustainable chemistry to support clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies to traditional chemical products and processes.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H15BC1F802C4746B889C7E89CBC3CBDCB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>in subsection (d), as so redesignated—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H5FE5C814D9904B08A17076BED405E1DB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in paragraph (3)—</text><clause id="H98F0514BFA75436389AF7695F98C3725"><enum>(i)</enum><text>in subparagraph (C), by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HCB365A410231462FB16416667869EA03"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HBDA73200C8B842939CA3DA49B0DEFA20"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H3B55300672EB4593B156340AA1A03C13" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph commented="no" id="H919740F2305C45CEAD4FCEBE3FCA6ECC"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis and characterization facilities that leverage advances in artificial intelligence; and</text></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7706E3F6ED0444AF8531D42CF2029FAD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H0543FD030D0E480B8BAD8231D627D678" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="HB07D13B5AAFB4287A11AFF6EF36E442B"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Advanced photon source upgrade</header><subparagraph commented="no" id="H7DD383B372FB46B68A1435B8C1545D50"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this paragraph:</text><clause commented="no" id="H378BE228AF1143F3A0A9CBC6C1044199"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Flux</header><text>The term <term>flux</term> means the rate of flow of photons.</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H92E7B1B736EA4B6CB45A2E6F5EB4EC32"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Hard x-ray</header><text>The term <term>hard x-ray</term> means a photon with energy greater than 20 kiloelectron volts.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H296277E2A79E447F98C1126403892394"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Upgrade</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled <quote>Report on Facility Upgrades</quote>, including the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD88A3EE476B3457EAB7898D23149DA03"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text>The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before March 31, 2026.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H049E0A8F262A45C389B9AEFC067F2257"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph $14,200,000 for fiscal year 2023. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF433294C8EE346F1B86EAFD9433B9FF2"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade</header><subparagraph id="HB23618AD37564D5AA484F9E77BF1A8AA"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for the proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0566938C91F648E7892B49A110B845B8"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Proton power upgrade defined</header><text>In this paragraph, the term <term>proton power upgrade</term> means the Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade described in—</text><clause id="H2D0ADC7FB446429FB0839891354229BB"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the publication entitled <quote>Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook</quote>, published by the Office of Science of the Department in December, 2003;</text></clause><clause id="HABE0E3683E044689BD63D13A141AEEE1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the publication entitled <quote>Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook</quote>, published by the Office of Science of the Department in August, 2007; and</text></clause><clause id="H9E5F1CA0B0544651ADB7283D492164B1"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled <quote>Report on Facility Upgrades</quote>.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H84B2A0BB399148B39E36F75E379D8C6D"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before July 30, 2028, with the option for early operation in 2025.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE333D9DCF2F848509DA8483CC8D63C41"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—</text><clause id="H5D427DED71484A27B1632127439584C5"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$17,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause id="HEC4D5C25F50F4448A5D948CFC7ACDA66"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$14,202,000 for fiscal year 2024; and</text></clause><clause id="H8612841E660649639DB0404257A7DFBF"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$1,567,000 for fiscal year 2025. </text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4E9834DD36CA4591AB54F6F6D46932C6"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Spallation neutron source second target station</header><subparagraph id="HA56E21B11102471DB74F5661DDC89ADB"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for a second target station for the Spallation Neutron Source.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF6190315211946D094527BF7F2BA6ABB"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Second target station defined</header><text>In this paragraph, the term <term>second target station</term> means the Spallation Neutron Source second target station described in—</text><clause id="HB3F1E1B7A2FF47F994A644C116FE7A71"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the publication entitled, <quote>Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook</quote>, published by the Office of Science of the Department in December, 2003;</text></clause><clause id="H2ECFE988AED641F0B42B15A3FA6EFB36"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the publication entitled, <quote>Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook</quote>, published by the Office of Science of the Department in August, 2007; and</text></clause><clause id="H2E7A9F424F5D44A683E4D44E83A01165"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled <quote>Report on Facility Upgrades</quote>.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4C3034A880544605AE5DBF2BECE83C4F"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the second target station under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2033, with the option for early operation in 2029.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA816DE312E4F47E7BA331C0BAAA5FE1F"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph, including construction— </text><clause commented="no" id="HEB0428CE2B0F4732951C61D701DC075D"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H47F64BDF38CB4E7EAA02949184CD6B22"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$205,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HE41BF08B6FFC4A5AA3307AE8FC2E7122"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; </text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HE426DF094A414007BCFCC8ECB8711B9A"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H41F566D151FB40E78170E27F0E2CB826"><enum>(v)</enum><text>$281,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7679C0CBB3F84A75B587B688FF9AA7DB"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Advanced light source upgrade</header><subparagraph id="H6E0C149D75D34554B7DAD13CAEB1695A"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this paragraph:</text><clause id="H1B72AF98EC864EACA2C6AB0C7EE3B599"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Flux</header><text>The term <term>flux</term> means the rate of flow of photons.</text></clause><clause id="H1B4CC36637084E08B5D686D962E131CD"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Soft x-ray</header><text>The term <term>soft x-ray</term> means a photon with energy in the range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAE84253D6AB6488AB954EB47E4BA1BF4"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Upgrade</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled <quote>Report on Facility Upgrades</quote>, including the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDDC580FB6D0D437192F18F79765FF66E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before September 30, 2029.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HABB229F3836C41E88DA3BBED561AD7FB"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— </text><clause commented="no" id="H1C9D8840AE8D4F3CA3327A293D249B2D"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HC16DE81CB2104F498062CA72B54766B8"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H071494A7E4C14FCA82A4AE7535129368"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HC560817FB6324B77ABDCCA6CDB3D5E15"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$1,400,000 for fiscal year 2026.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HED3DF04F59CC42CABA981B141FCE925D"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Linac coherent light source II high energy upgrade</header><subparagraph id="H99C0B0ACFBBE463F9E78DDE1CBA6175B"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this paragraph:</text><clause id="HC26404F2A38848E589181EFC87AC996B"><enum>(i)</enum><header>High energy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>high energy</term>, with respect to an x-ray, means a photon with an energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt range.</text></clause><clause id="H27B2B5F97087408CB02FB8942A3DC477"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>High repetition rate</header><text>The term <term>high repetition rate</term> means the delivery of x-ray pulses up to 1,000,000 pulses per second.</text></clause><clause id="H32082D6B9F7043378490EE50F7FCC63E"><enum>(iii)</enum><header>Ultra-short pulse</header><text>The term <term>ultra-short pulse</term>, with respect to an x-ray, means that the x-ray has bursts capable of durations of less than 100 femtoseconds.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H839E2222D07D42509ACA74AF081FECF0"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Upgrade</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall—</text><clause commented="no" id="H203F79685ECB47E1A5D1504D1248B0EE"><enum>(i)</enum><text>provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II facility described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled <quote>Report on Facility Upgrades</quote>, including the development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H72236D45B2C749AD853B18FFF0E3F7F1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>ensure such upgrade enables the production and use of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H083774EAC2D5426FA06C4C5A27C9139E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2026.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2F5611A366F948969ED17B95A23BAB17"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— </text><clause commented="no" id="H5B72B851A79B473DA4F91DB5BB69E174"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H02E61DFEDBD94885A7EC184FF31569FC"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$130,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H51E6A7C9B4DC464B8EAE3DA1575F91B1"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$135,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H8616ECED7287428097745ED39C845DEE"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$99,343,000 for fiscal year 2026.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HB26A27A562F64CDAAF401010BB208CD9"><enum>(9)</enum><header>Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility</header><subparagraph id="H82FD0F6DB24F4746996A1D6C93E0174E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for the construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance facility to service the Linac Coherent Light Source II and subsequent upgrades.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H910B82C7C12B4DD79E4C9A6A76FC2114"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Consultation required</header><text>The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) has the capability to maintain, repair, and test superconducting radio frequency accelerator components. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H08A08BCC23A04DC5B755F41B8D051935"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph— </text><clause commented="no" id="H90D78B7B9BD3472B8BD327BBE6E13A86"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$29,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HBE57B40AFBE24D1C91492C94D720A20E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$24,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H8D70C3A131464D3CA2CFA079710609D6"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H52401EA87AC24FC1983B4DB4002F23ED"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$15,700,000 for fiscal year 2026.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA0E8C498290E41808FB62494853062D1"><enum>(10)</enum><header>Nanoscale science research center recapitalization project</header><subparagraph id="H7F1204A1D0A54F9C86763F86F9900D86"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall provide for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, to include the upgrade of equipment at each Center supported by the Office of Science on the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, to accelerate advances in the various fields of science including nanoscience, materials, chemistry, biology, and quantum information science.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF12918D3AD204BCFAF5AAF2520E3FFCD"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the recapitalization under this paragraph— </text><clause commented="no" id="HC6D1289EB2C54C108E38A867077D45FB"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H4D1E9807286344DCB0895FACD9F7F7D7"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HAEDC13398B6D441BB1DA803D7548673C"><enum>(11)</enum><header>National Synchrotron Light Source II Beamline Buildout</header><subparagraph id="HF56F3CA0FA3D419CBC90A37B629C65B1"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for the development and construction of experimental stations to provide significant additional beamline and instrument capacity, complement the existing portfolio of beamlines, and complete the buildout of the National Synchrotron Light Source II.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H565E34F91EEC4907B6329459769B44CD"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text>Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary—</text><clause id="H70707FAF903E4EAC8D8A3E99B7B5CE55"><enum>(i)</enum><text>shall begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not later than September 30, 2036; and</text></clause><clause id="H19A91F61EA1A47318FF20A4AB8C4C3F1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>may begin carrying out subparagraph (A)—</text><subclause id="H47E2ADCF437341BBA2B6E97E892848F4"><enum>(I)</enum><text>in calendar year 2033; or</text></subclause><subclause id="H6DF455624AA5449A810AB8A165104546"><enum>(II)</enum><text>after the construction of individual beamlines is complete.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4063F08E9F944F8FB75002E11CDC8A01"><enum>(4)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HB2E647FBDE784D66898DCD9C8E4F0A41" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="HD42354CD8D234C81B9BA8DAD4A978F98"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Computational materials and chemical sciences</header><paragraph id="H811ACA1AED3B424A82C8CAA195AEC761"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall support a program of research and development for the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research problems in chemistry and materials science. Research activities shall include—</text><subparagraph id="H24EB6B0C50834CB4BE1BC61317A13750"><enum>(A)</enum><text>chemical catalysis research and development;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H77B7F01E55C24DB195A21C025D486393"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the use of large data sets to model materials phenomena, including through advanced characterization of materials, materials synthesis, processing, and innovative use of experimental and theoretical data;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3B2E463804D44A6F89A26BFA1B973F63"><enum>(C)</enum><text>codesign of chemical system and chemistry modeling software with advanced computing systems and hardware technologies; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE951DBBC8FF7468B85AE054DEA1A959D"><enum>(D)</enum><text>modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, and reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, including through novel computing methods.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4D7E14E28AA94490A876CC21CCCB6BD9"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Computational materials and chemical sciences centers</header><subparagraph id="H65F143618FA541A9BF98D25D8482C937"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and establish up to 6 computational materials and chemical sciences centers to—</text><clause id="HAD4EF7F7FBB44A6486DD778D65FD8F5A"><enum>(i)</enum><text>develop open-source, robust, and validated computational codes and user-friendly software, coupled with innovative use of experimental and theoretical data, to enable the design, discovery, and development of new materials and chemical systems; and</text></clause><clause id="H681CEAD9EDE645DC965A73F838C2EA35"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of exascale and other high performance computing underpinned by accelerated node technologies.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8F6895D2F6C641D9AE14B36A2557F65A"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Selection</header><text>The Director shall select centers under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1A4A288D98AA40B1B1A75318A12FA4B2"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Duration</header><clause commented="no" id="H9E389419FA384C95A0FAEABC8D18EBD0"><enum>(i)</enum><header>New centers</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A center selected under subparagraph (A) shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that center, subject to the availability of appropriations.</text></clause><clause id="HC34437EBC4C146098ADC01E4E4AA424D"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Existing centers</header><text>A center already in existence on the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act may continue to receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that center.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H61472EBA474B49A6B78E48A6E950FA83"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Renewal</header><text>Upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1ED82D63F8284FB8943B41C66DFBB8CE"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Materials research database</header><paragraph id="H509CB842A9D748DB88B34F0D112D7CE8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall support the development of a web-based platform to develop and provide access to a database of computed information on known and predicted materials properties and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H17F7D660937C4EAEBABD4B560CF989DB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Program</header><text>In carrying out this subsection, the Director shall—</text><subparagraph id="H57B5436F7A4048A091D876605CAC1846"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">conduct cooperative research among National Laboratories, industry, academia, and other research institutions to advance understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of novel materials;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9995C8422DBC4910810FD874E55B196D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>develop and maintain data infrastructure at user facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC08046E8A5EC4040B7658DE9A4425D58"><enum>(C)</enum><text>leverage existing high performance computing systems to conduct high throughput calculations, and develop computational and data mining algorithms for the prediction of material properties;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H23046490E50D4134BC0049BBFE1F6305"><enum>(D)</enum><text>strengthen the foundation for new technologies and advanced manufacturing; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H296A554E1239470291452DE538F24DC6"><enum>(E)</enum><text>drive the development of advanced materials for applications that span the Department’s missions in energy, environment, and national security.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H36FAEF2CBE6D4B1BAAAE0C8FDCC2D62F"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>In carrying out this subsection, the Director shall leverage programs and activities across the Department, including computational materials and chemical sciences centers established under subsection (h).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDDC4ABC9684B4251BA81BEC7B2D36F4E"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H2DF695884FD64F1DA11A02B891385A19"><enum>(j)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HD805F42214BB4CDDAFABC9A2749BBCCA"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,685,414,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HAA8133A22F2247B1ACDA1B6E6E6C0E9C"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,866,890,840 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H41DA24B2A0674141A962D5668C50C060"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,987,727,170 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H22DBC6819F5D429B8F7BB921339BEDD3"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$3,062,732,781 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H64F6077661644262BB072B1D3C4BADAD"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$3,080,067,167 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HFEDB87E61FE24DD291CE4AC634CF23AC"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Artificial photosynthesis</header><text>Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16313">42 U.S.C. 16313</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HDF4E20C471FE4C10B480D8D611FF2045"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H7616171B56604610BB5397DA626A9096" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="HBEC4F06694754532AB76DBAFA9B88AB3"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funds</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H986A3E3F75C1408895FE4C4D46853A47"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H03C63E2450E745E289996E3460C7D690" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="H0DB40BAA573243439FF23A2A94397656"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funds</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2D905C756DE84AEBBC0A34D7047C3412"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Electricity storage research initiative</header><text>Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16315">42 U.S.C. 16315</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H4E7BB1B73A004CFF99C47DB347359711"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (a)—</text><subparagraph id="H83DB91D59380455DB041CB1148DE2D47"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in paragraph (1)—</text><clause id="H4AFE877E09F54C9F934A310CC98EA161"><enum>(i)</enum><text>in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking <quote>and</quote> after the semicolon at the end;</text></clause><clause id="H6045D224E9CE4C7C8A6D091730598222"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting <quote>; and</quote>; and</text></clause><clause id="HD681442B5E4B4AD1998E77DC76BD8B9A"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HAF2FE80CA6D04E4198DE17A604341737" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph id="HBB4AEEB6807E44FF847ABA3581584B01"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to ensure the competitiveness of the United States in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking fundamental research and development to deployment of storage solutions while minimizing the environmental impacts of energy storage technologies.</text></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3EFFFF15CC01447B9E3AF033C282188C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in paragraph (2)—</text><clause id="HE413DF9D73F44ABEAEA957E969D4421B"><enum>(i)</enum><text>in subparagraph (A), by striking <quote>and</quote> after the semicolon at the end;</text></clause><clause id="H2B65AAB11889450387AEE37A61691485"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting <quote>; and</quote>; and</text></clause><clause id="H238D8CF9D42B4F1AB425B58531E6FB3B"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H5F6C66DAA3364C169B0BABD954F80094" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph id="HB4D76E4F08644ACDB1515D10F39922FF"><enum>(C)</enum><text>any other relevant office of the Department.</text></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF4350C407BCF4C03A7429EC16D71C3AB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H9B0A5DC219CD412D92F897F47E805EBC" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="HFD602B2277A44D908B5F3B276ED26634"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="HB72CF9F4D11F450FB4F55A2081FC47AB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H204C21A1144E4D99A87CD9C7F8DC9500" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="H0A9EEB1668B94FB5AE5551C0EB0F1934"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H01D4FA7A2A814932B0702023ABF8034A"><enum>(4)</enum><text>in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HD7E8AB321AE0400CAEA8FCE36E45924C" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="HFB818FAF4E2347B4BF34A6BAB9F68288"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5521996FE2924852955F8326212D3B24"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Foundational nuclear science</header><paragraph id="HBDB01A464F28499C88A656F6180CF653"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director of the Office of Science shall support a program of research and development to bridge scientific barriers to, and expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge relevant to, understanding nuclear materials and matter for the benefit of commerce, medicine, and national security.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0708A4E887964749ACE5F389240F6FB2"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>As part of the program described in paragraph (1)—</text><subparagraph id="HB57EF7A5D75E4AD8AA3EC8B1568A5D0B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Director of the Office of Science shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including—</text><clause id="HA62729BC2EBD4BA3B9964EE7358A1950"><enum>(i)</enum><text>research in nuclear materials science, including the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research areas in nuclear materials science and discovery, such as—</text><subclause id="H996905F5FB6744BE89134F0870DDA4DD"><enum>(I)</enum><text>the advanced characterization of materials; </text></subclause><subclause id="HA7F267448B6C42A7A350AFD812CB57C2"><enum>(II)</enum><text>materials synthesis;</text></subclause><subclause id="H951A92527AB4478791BB608AA58F5E50"><enum>(III)</enum><text>processing; </text></subclause><subclause id="HB25C303F3E25441280DC15A46F04871C"><enum>(IV)</enum><text>the innovative use of experimental and theoretical data; and</text></subclause><subclause id="H467005C2D06A4DADA6FF48FE03C11B09"><enum>(V)</enum><text>mechanical behavior in unique environments, including the effects of radiation;</text></subclause></clause><clause id="H9787A1EF670948C19181B22B2260153A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>electrochemistry research and associated techniques for processing nuclear materials;</text></clause><clause id="H15EB210EF1C344AE976F34629AE41F9F"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the development of advanced instrumentation and nuclear data collection to inform the activities described in clauses (i) and (ii); and</text></clause><clause id="H68B380C9874B4F52906C99B426045EE3"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>any other area of research, as determined by the Director of the Office of Science; and </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6BC6F729E01944D7BCCF2D2395D5B37E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy shall consult with the Director of the Office of Science to support the direction of translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H118BDCAD0BA24F0C895034785812D9F0"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H25A451EE9922481399F01894D0BDF7F4"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Carbon Materials Science Initiative</header><paragraph id="H473E10AA37CA46688B345739CA218B26"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Initiative</header><subparagraph id="HFCDA016F86594DA68FCEC7B56357F149"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director of the Office of Science (referred to in this subsection as the <quote>Director</quote>) shall establish a research initiative, to be known as the <quote>Carbon Materials Science Initiative</quote> (referred to in this subsection as the <quote>Initiative</quote>), to expand the fundamental knowledge of coal, coal-wastes, and carbon ore chemistry useful for understanding the conversion of carbon to material products.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFB746F719A844B959C21F923CED99B61"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Director shall leverage expertise and resources from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management and the United States Geological Survey.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H19F4A3F140B246559F3C04A092C76CC4"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Teams</header><clause id="H8F0D316995EB4168B1146A19B6C54541"><enum>(i)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out the Initiative, the Director shall establish and organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.</text></clause><clause id="H68CA51FE680D4FA698B95369ED6FFAEF"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Goals</header><text>The multidisciplinary teams described in clause (i) shall pursue expedient, milestone-driven research goals established by the Director.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD14840144135417C898C515D5F6C2849"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Research program</header><subparagraph id="H54EF200FC81A47A3848912AF012D48DD"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support, and discover fundamental knowledge relevant to, carbon materials and carbon ore processing research.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA503AF97F74240529863CADCAB7F4A9A"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>As part of the program described in subparagraph (A), the Director shall, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management, as appropriate, support research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including—</text><clause id="HBAB41CFCDD2B4312ABA838CED7032C03"><enum>(i)</enum><text>methods of extraction, processing, recycling, and utilization of the materials and valuable minerals contained in raw coal and coal-waste; </text></clause><clause id="HF9DE29006DA04BC498736CC06199125A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>methods of improving performance, cost, and availability of materials for use in carbon capture systems; and</text></clause><clause id="H46DB22D538494BCAB440E19BD9BF3738"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>unconventional pathways and materials for conversion of carbon dioxide molecules, minerals, and materials. </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H020B3DFBB0794E90ADF83A5B051A9AEE"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Review</header><text>The Director shall periodically review activities carried out under the program described in subparagraph (A) to evaluate the achievement of scientific objectives and research milestones.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB4784BE063794719A52CE5C7017ABB5B"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Coordination with existing programs and centers</header><text>In carrying out the program described in subparagraph (A), the Director shall—</text><clause id="HA65084221D3F4B2E9E5E9CECE34E4EB8"><enum>(i)</enum><text>ensure coordination and knowledge sharing with—</text><subclause id="HF8E89863BD0F4FE1A670F32B85BFC5E4"><enum>(I)</enum><text>the United States Geological Survey; and </text></subclause><subclause id="H2D936A8E232643449A52B91F3D3693C9"><enum>(II)</enum><text>the programs and the Carbon Utilization Research Center established under section 969A of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16298a">42 U.S.C. 16298a</external-xref>); and </text></subclause></clause><clause id="H73CFB1068CFB4BA9B625934FC8858065"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent practicable.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H1AD479B69DA445F1A16D33ED6BC746FC"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Carbon materials research centers</header><subparagraph id="H412012F06EA04C6585AE306A802B0473"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (2), the Director shall establish 1 center in each of the 2 major coal-producing regions of the United States, each of which shall—</text><clause id="H80D0F09F7E6543328D5FC47CB7291796"><enum>(i)</enum><text>be known as a <quote>Carbon Materials Research Center</quote> (referred to in this paragraph as a <quote>Center</quote>); and</text></clause><clause id="H3C41D62F8A3E40D3BE58019E03177884"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>focus on early stage research and development activities, including—</text><subclause id="H844758B99922459E84BB135B8DA7D3DD"><enum>(I)</enum><text>developing and advancing methods of extracting, processing, or recycling carbon or other valuable materials or minerals from raw coal, coal-waste, or other solid carbon materials, for the development of new carbon-based materials;</text></subclause><subclause id="H0276E1FB92BB439787C064D4A91BFF99"><enum>(II)</enum><text>methods of improving the structural, physical, and chemical properties of carbon-based materials or other valuable materials from raw coal, coal-waste, or other solid carbon materials and their recyclability; </text></subclause><subclause id="H5866A733D5D8426297B8BF3E2C8E5901"><enum>(III)</enum><text>overcoming the challenges and maximizing the benefits of commercially extracting, producing, or improving coal-derived carbon and resulting products; and </text></subclause><subclause id="HBF74EDC9212C428C8DB2EC0FA3329349"><enum>(IV)</enum><text>identifying novel pathways and materials for carbon storage and conversion into useful products. </text></subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H015D9FDCE69F443DAAD4D93A9813A6A8"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Selection</header><text>The Director shall—</text><clause id="H370EE98D369B44398F9EF786EE6AC1B6"><enum>(i)</enum><text>select Centers under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and</text></clause><clause id="HDCF87EE007F34ADFBCFBCABF11C0AECA"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H62066476F4374872A3FD1834E9137544"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Duration</header><text>A Center shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that Center, subject to the availability of appropriations. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE4570EB8133A4776A0F9BA70099ADD34"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Renewal</header><text>On the expiration of any period of support of a Center, the Director may renew support for that Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAD9F0877E0524B279CD7189B316ECFB9"><enum>(E)</enum><header>Existing facilities</header><text>The Director shall—</text><clause id="H1392E1F9FC234A2F968FF3F6381F0FDF"><enum>(i)</enum><text>ensure that the research activities carried out by the Centers are not duplicative of existing efforts; and </text></clause><clause id="HB2F747F589BE4879A7423573C2857380"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>if practicable, leverage existing user facilities and other capabilities of the Department of Energy to carry out the research objectives of the Centers. </text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5D38E62254B04777B99B467B2A5C274B"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Carbon Sequestration Research and Geologic Computational Science Initiative</header><paragraph id="HBB3FF93E7EC84317B8164A5E7C13784C"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Initiative</header><subparagraph id="H502A6CF5431F4D8B9200081CE233C5B9"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this subsection as the <term>Secretary</term>) shall establish a research initiative, to be known as the <quote>Carbon Sequestration Research and Geologic Computational Science Initiative</quote> (referred to in this subsection as the <term>Initiative</term>), to expand the fundamental knowledge, data collection, data analysis, and modeling of subsurface geology for the purpose of advancing carbon sequestration in geologic formations.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDB9EEBCCAF934C85BAA502FAD85B6539"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Leveraging</header><text>In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management and the United States Geological Survey.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5F69E0E009414BBF852525CE250A426B"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Teams</header><clause id="HF0AC479E8CEE43C5BB9735749F25B1C2"><enum>(i)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall establish and organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.</text></clause><clause id="H9D8E0894B29A412C9F234652887BEAE2"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Goals</header><text>The multidisciplinary teams described in clause (i) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven research goals established by the Secretary.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA959B33EB38A4D52835AD2DD348CFE33"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Additional activities</header><text>The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through other organizational structures.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H52F76D35C7D24238A8EB10D5A1726B29"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Research program</header><subparagraph id="H63A4009AF5524B14A11A66F35635FC50"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed for, and discover knowledge relevant to, the sequestration of carbon in geologic formations.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8AB04320ABC0407A97574862BD3B52D1"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>As part of the program described in subparagraph (A), the Director of the Office of Science shall support fundamental research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including—</text><clause id="H88CB098916814F529F6D0287DAAC44FC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>gathering geologic data for pore space characterization, including improvements to geologic seismic imaging;</text></clause><clause id="HC06D17F5D4484143B1CF49E7A4EACBC7"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>evaluating pore space quality, including evaluation of geologic samples, to determine appropriate sequestration zones for carbon;</text></clause><clause id="HD1A85BE300534354BA378CAD209BFC83"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>testing carbon sequestration;</text></clause><clause id="H7C2F9350796846DFA9114080CE52EB18"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>monitoring carbon migration in geologic formations;</text></clause><clause id="H9AAD48C1D13F445DB28FBCF3C9DF5E6D"><enum>(v)</enum><text>advancements in data analytics, including the analysis of seismic data, and computational science to improve the advanced computing, visualization, and imaging of geologic formations for the sequestration of carbon; and </text></clause><clause id="HA124F891F0C54A019687665115A17D95"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>predictive understanding of coupled processes in complex subsurface geologic systems for secure carbon storage. </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDF19A61C46E8423F86F6251937B11D59"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Review</header><text>The Secretary shall periodically review activities carried out under the program described in subparagraph (A) to evaluate achievement of scientific objectives and research milestones.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H76F42B0D017D46C6966128558CC7AF95"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Carbon storage research and geologic computational science centers</header><subparagraph id="HA2DBF0BE2D0C4D279E52F1BFC6F57B63"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall select and establish not more than 2 carbon storage research and geologic computational science centers (referred to in this paragraph as a <term>Center</term>) to develop and advance improvements to data collection, analysis, and modeling of subsurface geology for the purpose of advancing carbon sequestration in geologic formations.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF1B938FE39E64035A6720816362B51AA"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Selection</header><clause id="H1667116CAFB54EE79494FE3BAFFF9272"><enum>(i)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall—</text><subclause id="HDFD0D5FA2F574D11B95C224E876F60CD"><enum>(I)</enum><text>select Centers under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and </text></subclause><subclause id="H56A29D0683E441E1951A030C22650408"><enum>(II)</enum><text>to the maximum extent practicable, locate each Center in a geographically diverse region with established and ongoing geologic carbon sequestration research and demonstration.</text></subclause></clause><clause id="H5DB737788EA84679BAFEBFB46238EDEE"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Applications</header><text>In selecting Centers under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider applications from institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6AAEDA17351C494E855CCA9FBEFD4882"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Duration</header><clause id="HBD1B51C41842451FA3C861B62DECDA83"><enum>(i)</enum><header>New Centers</header><text>A Center established after the date of enactment of this Act shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that Center, subject to the availability of appropriations.</text></clause><clause id="H2A7BE061C9E841A3B85045BE4271B748"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Existing Centers</header><text>A Center already in existence on the date of enactment of this Act may continue to receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on that date of enactment.</text></clause><clause id="H457E6C652EC945469B1DD58F5BCA2D6B"><enum>(iii)</enum><header>Renewal</header><text>On expiration of a period of support described in clause (i) or (ii), the Secretary may renew support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. </text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0137A2B00A9040F0A64285F211BE747B"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Coordination with existing programs and centers</header><text>In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall—</text><subparagraph id="HCBD893E306E84B448FF298F8E988284A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>ensure coordination with—</text><clause id="H5A09EC3581624753B24B09602661C656"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the United States Geological Survey; and </text></clause><clause id="H49C66407904E48879E6C04F3E648F56E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the programs established under section 963 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16293">42 U.S.C. 16293</external-xref>); and </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H583B641829584CB1A1DF59150A24996C" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(B)</enum><text>avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent practicable. </text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H14C58D7263C441AEA49EBCEE1BDF86BB"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Funding for carbon initiatives</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under subsections (e) and (f) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. </text></subsection></section><section id="HC1283ADD17EF4D77912F40014CC01B69"><enum>10103.</enum><header>Biological and environmental research</header><subsection id="H8C0B2DD77DAF40299EEC1C07B82547B4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program; biological systems; biomolecular characterization and imaging science</header><text>Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18644">42 U.S.C. 18644</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H8CC80859789E43CF810F8F4EE4507B07"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (c), by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (7), respectively; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H563F43F7D33A4654822A3F7AF7DC8D81"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections (d) through (f), respectively; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA3CD69EB24864B41AA5AE1A49CABAB8A"><enum>(3)</enum><text>by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H3DF41EDC87EF4653B92018C9F476BDE7" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="HDBE5CFE24B5C45FFABFFDA9C3EA4CC18"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program</header><text>As part of the duties of the Director authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>), and coordinated with the activities authorized under sections 303 and 304, the Director shall carry out a program of research and development in the areas of biological systems science and climate and environmental science, including subsurface science, relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to support the energy, environmental, and national security missions of the Department.</text></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H2A405268DBF44F48926337B9EF644B4D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Biological systems</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director shall carry out research and development activities in genomic science including fundamental research on plants and microbes to increase systems-level understanding of the complex biological systems, which may include activities—</text><paragraph id="H8912FE229503422EAA5720215867A2A5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to provide a fundamental understanding of the biology of plants, fungi, and microbes as a basis for developing innovative processes for bioenergy and bioproducts and accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of—</text><subparagraph id="H51D9173F5C9048C0BF585364C7BECEAA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>advanced biofuels;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD1DF8941C65B4BE99B8C021F2AB45C53"><enum>(B)</enum><text>bioenergy; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H35D69014DD774E4F8DEF4768FD3785AE"><enum>(C)</enum><text>biobased materials;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8D08D1305B834BC78E4278B374764B08"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to conduct foundational functional systems biology research—</text><subparagraph id="H925780216B4B4F7FAE484F49D4C448A3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to support expanded biosystems design research; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8D430DAB94BC4ABDAEE8CF4F79D17389"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to understand—</text><clause id="HAC7EDEF8D7B141FC887E8E4FF2D288B8"><enum>(i)</enum><text>fundamental genome structure; and</text></clause><clause id="H6EA449E552484B539835423829FE16B8"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>phenomes, including functional genomics of gene products at genome scale;</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H729BA6CD993F43479B3DA160D748BD9E"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to develop biosystems designs and synthetic biology approaches for new nonfood plant-derived and microbially derived bioproducts as a basis for new bioeconomy and biotechnology applications in bioproducts production, resource recovery, recycling, and upcycling ventures;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H78BB3B7A21A248FD9C0B212EBED9CFBB"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to better understand the behavior of microbiomes in the environment and the interdependencies between plants and microbes in a sustainable ecosystem;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H21F0C41A3EED4970885827031E789998"><enum>(5)</enum><text>to improve fundamental understanding of plant and microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological processes, for sequestration, storage, and utilization;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HA006D49F1C694170AB74C27F059C7B4A"><enum>(6)</enum><text>to understand the microbiome mechanisms and microbiota used to transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface environments and that affect the cycling and disposition of carbon, nutrients, and contaminants in the environment;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H800C98CFD26C445092830FB8343722A5"><enum>(7)</enum><text>to develop the computational approaches and integrated platforms for open access collaborative science;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HFF23642E72CB453B97BDE5EE3A80D7AE"><enum>(8)</enum><text>to leverage tools and approaches across the Office of Science to expand research to include novel processes, methods, and science to develop bio-based chemicals, polymers, inorganic materials, including research—</text><subparagraph id="H05F3F586B7A549C3B8D092D25288868D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to advance fungal, microbial, and plant biosystems design research to advance the understanding of how CRISPR tools and other gene editing tools and technologies work in nature, in the laboratory, and in practice;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8EFCE01F96C942F39CDDECB74487AB30"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to deepen genome-enabled knowledge of the roles of microbes and microbial communities, including fungi, in—</text><clause id="H2A249BD343944461B0E6E69DAF88AF1E"><enum>(i)</enum><text>supporting plant and tree growth, productivity, performance, adaptation, and resilience in changing environmental conditions; and </text></clause><clause id="HF6CB7524107F42BBBAFE684F652292A7"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>optimizing end uses of biomass;</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3699F086F7DC467380C1B098AAC12D70"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to develop biosystems design methods and tools to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6619A505BCEC48FBB302FD01DB1456BC"><enum>(D)</enum><text>to increase the scale and pace of characterizing the functions and physical characteristics of microbes and microbial communities to improve biosystems design;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA16260028C9F4CB9B6EFFA60E258C7A5"><enum>(9)</enum><text>to conduct research focused on developing analysis techniques and simulation capabilities, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, on high-performance computing platforms to accelerate collaborative and reproducible systems biology research;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2690EAD5467C4296B24DF0C5C495D371"><enum>(10)</enum><text>to develop and improve new technologies for bioimaging, measurement, and characterization purposes to understand the structural, spatial, and temporal relationships of metabolic processes governing phenotypic expression in plants and microbes;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3CD6F8CEFDBE466C904B5A720A16A05D"><enum>(11)</enum><text>to conduct research focused on genotype-to-phenotype translations to develop a predictive understanding of cellular function under a variety of relevant environmental and bioenergy-related conditions;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD932F51C08794BD9B8029D83EF2D913A"><enum>(12)</enum><text>to conduct metagenomic and metadata assembly research sequencing and analysis; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD69B14EB69094F5883F51E32E20A244E"><enum>(13)</enum><text>to develop other relevant methods and processes as determined by the Director.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE82D9C7163C949A59D78B721AA6D5598"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Biomolecular characterization and imaging science</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director shall carry out research and development activities in biomolecular characterization and imaging science, including development of new and integrative imaging and analysis platforms and biosensors to understand the expression, structure, and function of genome information encoded within cells and for real-time measurements in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the Department.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H189F04420B3547D58725C95B25574DFF"><enum>(4)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H35448F5795D3459185EA8DD8204F89BD" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="HAF06EAEA003E41649029E3AD4C330246"><enum>(l)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In this section:</text><paragraph id="H17911FD999B94A6A8E1A39CBB966A8D9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Advanced biofuel</header><text>The term <term>advanced biofuel</term> has the meaning given the term in section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/7/8101">7 U.S.C. 8101</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6D2E2CD4E18D4C7EB682521647FA2D70"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Bioenergy</header><text>The term <term>bioenergy</term> means energy derived from biofuels.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8503359EB5674F129FD2C5970203F931"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Biomass</header><text>The term <term>biomass</term> has the meaning given the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/15852">42 U.S.C. 15852(b)</external-xref>). </text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H496108BB31554294A13A81BA7521022E"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Bioproduct</header><text>The term <term>bioproduct</term> has the meaning given the term <quote>biobased product</quote> in section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/7/8101">7 U.S.C. 8101</external-xref>).</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1C3F0FAA066B4E20B550B69DC3DE135A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Low-dose radiation research program</header><text>Paragraph (8) of subsection (e) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18644">42 U.S.C. 18644</external-xref>), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), is amended—</text><paragraph id="HBCD2075B5A474DA382EF5500EF2B3D2F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subparagraph (C), by striking <quote>and</quote>;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEB2FBAE04ECD4601A77B88B0C0C6F541"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC6B524EEF4C241E59FA3230AB41E0730"><enum>(3)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H0746E1C2762945E7856B5320A1CEE959" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph commented="no" id="HFC806C5502034FD1B1BCEF92A3BFDC75"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H2E70D807DC5D470BBB465B0E5DB66B56"><enum>(F)</enum><text>$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8A81C65D46B44B6FAFD470B2EDECB6B1"><enum>(G)</enum><text>$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H94A25705F3D34F5EA2AC74A56650637E"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Low-dose radiation and space radiation research program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subsection (f) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18644">42 U.S.C. 18644</external-xref>), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), is amended to read as follows:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H701AAD064D2A47FE9534E590DB7B611B" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H4233D0A6FC8848E78EA6CA1B295CA07F"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Low-dose radiation and space radiation research program</header><paragraph id="H987B8C0F37E7492B821B1D9B6499AF04"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall carry out a basic research program on the similarities and differences between the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the space environment.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4B395BB5A21E436687233A10C273BE12"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Purpose</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The purpose of the program described in paragraph (1) is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low dose-rate radiation research and development as described in subsection (e) and to inform the advancement of new tools, technologies, and advanced materials needed to facilitate long-duration space exploration.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="HDE442D8EE2924B578625E4000885F2B9"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Climate, environmental science, and other activities</header><text>Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18644">42 U.S.C. 18644</external-xref>) (as amended by subsection (a)) is amended by inserting after subsection (f) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HBCE3A1E2820F426580460AE00F6C06B5" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H2A04FBBFA9D345F18F69A9201BCDFA34"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Earth and environmental systems sciences activities</header><paragraph id="HFCF2593270744AB5A5558168675B334E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the activities authorized under subsection (a), and in coordination with activities carried out under subsection (b), the Director shall coordinate with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and any other relevant agencies to carry out activities relating to Earth and environmental systems science research, which may include activities— </text><subparagraph id="H873D7F75AFAE4BAD8947B2788FCF69C8"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to understand, observe, measure, and model the response of Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere to changing concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in climate, including frequency and intensity of extreme weather events;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H74E2003D267D47A4B5B96EB17D878CED"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to understand the coupled physical, chemical, and biological processes to transform, immobilize, remove, or move carbon, nitrogen, and other energy production-derived contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, and understand the process of sequestration and transformation of these, carbon dioxide, and other relevant molecules in subsurface environments;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCB8DFF3394094699AA0661D6E9D56928"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to understand, observe, and model the cycling of water, carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems across spatiotemporal scales;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAB05C385D5AB42E29C5D1D970EC0A1CB"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to understand the biological, biogeochemical, and physical processes across the multiple scales that control the flux of environmentally relevant compounds between the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5D6C5DDA9F5E44449E432BCE22AF3526"><enum>(E)</enum><text>to understand and predict interactions among natural and human systems to inform potential mitigation and adaptation options for increased concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in climate.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HC40FB8E6455943E1B6504F7F8994B384"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Prioritization</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the program authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize—</text><subparagraph id="H37EEEA3E16A647A496FE8414D6F6EED2"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the development of software and algorithms to enable the productive application of environmental systems and extreme weather in climate and Earth system prediction models in high-performance computing systems; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H611CA6B467654404ABF4FBFBBA1454FC"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">capabilities that support the Department’s mission needs for energy and infrastructure security, resilience, and reliability.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H00DB83BF824F467B83CCD0EB403AAFA1"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Environmental systems science research</header><subparagraph id="H46B145DD20B64409AD4F5AFD3EBCF049"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>As part of the activities described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out research to advance an integrated, robust, and scale-aware predictive understanding of environmental systems, including the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to the top of the vegetative canopy that considers effects of seasonal to interannual variability and change.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4BF1D2582E054A499DE6CA1D6A8367FE"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Clean water and watershed research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the activities described in subparagraph (A), the Director shall—</text><clause id="HE88DC7ABAB4745D4B0091F491F760602"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">support interdisciplinary research to significantly advance our understanding of water availability, quality, and the impact of human activity and a changing climate on urban and rural watershed systems, including in freshwater environments;</text></clause><clause id="H66B7F03FCB5E4CF1AE5D5595D8C569EF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consult with the Interagency Research, Development, and Demonstration Coordination Committee on the Nexus of Energy and Water for Sustainability established under section 1010 of the Energy Act of 2020 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/116/260">Public Law 116–260</external-xref>) on energy-water nexus research activities;</text></clause><clause id="H503C8B0817814D6C85ACF7A8BA73AAFE"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">engage with representatives of research and academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and industry, who have expertise in technologies, technological innovations, or practices relating to the energy-water nexus, as applicable; and</text></clause><clause id="H236B932AC3D940C6B78808AD21C5A9A1"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>coordinate with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and any other relevant agency. </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3DAA1D91EF674FF3A8385CB7F7FD2F93"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Coordination</header><clause id="HF5C31E3640434F25AD3448C8E26B56E0"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Director</header><text>The Director shall carry out activities under this paragraph in accordance with priorities established by the Secretary to support and accelerate the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the Department.</text></clause><clause id="H1B21AFAF85AA44779B6638330D7F3AB8"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Secretary</header><text>The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of activities of the Department, including activities under this paragraph, to support and accelerate the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the Department.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF1DE8726DFC5428895358211C5072FC7"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Climate and earth modeling</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the activities described in paragraph (1), the Director, in collaboration with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program described in section 304 and other programs carried out by the Department, as applicable, and in coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other relevant agencies, shall carry out research to develop, evaluate, and use high-resolution regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and other relevant models to inform decisions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting impacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling shall include— </text><subparagraph id="H1615DF7D73A54951AA55854CDADCC732"><enum>(A)</enum><text>integrated capabilities for modeling multisectoral interactions, including the impacts of climate policies on human systems and the interdependencies and risks at the energy-water-land nexus;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBE2F4862CF234633B08FCACA013F572B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, energy supply and demand, and other critical elements; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H01FD4F163B9B4E36A933DCE8F3B9A692"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">interaction among human and Earth systems informed by interdisciplinary research, including the economic and social sciences.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H35059597C26C4A5491918DEE83123B23"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Midscale funding mechanism</header><subparagraph id="H8246601B5E9941978E1996E50C947995"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Any of the activities authorized in this subsection may be carried out, in lieu of individual research grants—</text><clause id="idE77190163F454D35802FF6168AF946F7"><enum>(i)</enum><text>by competitively selected midscale, multi-institutional research centers;</text></clause><clause id="id409B620BDD6A4C1F8401807EFF13C13E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>by large-scale experiments or user facilities; or </text></clause><clause id="id03262360E720474D8E5EA9A1212BB219"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>through existing facilities and systems of the Department or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFA31934A5CAC453EA30D389E32741309"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Consideration</header><text>The Biological and Environmental Research Advisory Committee shall provide recommendations to the Director on projects most suitable for the research centers described in subparagraph (A).</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H1687DD3457FE458495F9655EE7182340"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Atmospheric systems and sciences research program</header><subparagraph id="idD60CD1CD1836475E9DFB12DBF4B0DB27"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>As part of the activities carried out under paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out a program, to be known as the <quote>Atmospheric Systems and Sciences Research Program</quote>, to use observations to improve understanding of atmospheric processes, under which the Director, in coordination, and as appropriate, collaboration, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies conducting research under the topics described in this subparagraph, shall conduct research relating to—</text><clause id="idd150983e0fb440db82d37e54cdf5ab41"><enum>(i)</enum><text>better understanding the atmosphere and the interaction of the atmosphere with the surface of the Earth;</text></clause><clause id="id09d4f6d303ad46c1a846a1c5f81d7a7b"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>understanding sources of uncertainty in Earth system models, including with respect to the interdependence of clouds, atmospheric aerosols, radiation processes, and precipitation;</text></clause><clause id="ide55cc74729be4859a67caca24dfb1241"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>understanding the radiative balance and hydrological cycle of Earth;</text></clause><clause id="id2676f9f565c94f4cb1b280682c9cea00"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>demonstrating the improved predictability of regional and global atmospheric models due to improved process-level understanding;</text></clause><clause id="id51bb9b7be24b43bbb7a7477a083928ae"><enum>(v)</enum><text>atmospheric regimes with large uncertainties in earth system prediction, aerosol processes, warm boundary-layer processes, convective processes, and high-latitude processes;</text></clause><clause id="idffd36c31f3fb4d739811b4d3f374347c"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>reduced uncertainty and improved simulation capability of earth system models of the atmospheric system in a holistic, comprehensive fashion; and</text></clause><clause id="id85072cfed01e4590a03daafc80c619ee"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>understanding and modeling representation of priority research areas, including aerosol, warm boundary layer, convective, and high-latitude processes.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4E789DC0837746029DA8F4B641BBCE80"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>In carrying out the Atmospheric Systems and Sciences Research Program, the Director shall, in coordination, and as appropriate, in collaboration, with other relevant Federal agencies—</text><clause id="HBF85056C16B14E7AB37104B2D9D7E1C9"><enum>(i)</enum><text>collect data and conduct research to advance atmospheric and Earth system modeling capabilities;</text></clause><clause id="HF61FD72FCD3844D6BF0C59DDAB87E914"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>develop or participate in existing or future integrated, scalable test-beds that—</text><subclause id="H48CAFE8D837947AE840E2DD8BDACA273"><enum>(I)</enum><text>incorporate process-level understanding of the life cycles of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation; and</text></subclause><subclause id="H856C26BC69194596BC2CB52F6483413B"><enum>(II)</enum><text>can be incorporated into other models;</text></subclause></clause><clause id="HC1E5603146184969BBF1401EB91AAC7D"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>improve data, analysis, and prediction systems in marine, littoral, terrestrial, and arctic environments, including those environments sensitive to changes in the climate, relating to the energy and science mission of the Department; and</text></clause><clause id="HC4C31EFF434E4F37846FB30F19F2D1AA"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>support the development of technologies relating to—</text><subclause id="H4A12619019D3458394EC691FD110778C"><enum>(I)</enum><text>more accurate cloud, aerosol, and other atmospheric sensors;</text></subclause><subclause id="H61741FA6DCC643C19570F5037E765E78"><enum>(II)</enum><text>observing sensor networks; and</text></subclause><subclause id="HCCF0D634DC8E40EDB9DAA85621AA9023"><enum>(III)</enum><text>computational predictive modeling.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5ED436065F354F85B6756A4239C3E65E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Use of atmospheric radiation measurement program facilities and infrastructure</header><text>To support the Atmospheric Systems and Sciences Research Program and, in coordination, and as appropriate, in collaboration, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies, to improve fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical processes that impact the formation, life cycle, and radiative impacts of cloud and aerosol particles, atmospheric processes, and surface or subsurface phenomena, the Director shall use the facilities and infrastructure of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement User Facility, the Global Monitoring Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or other Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences User Facilities—</text><clause id="H3620D57D15054E8E86D96A20891FCFD5"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to provide support to environmental scientists by collecting high-quality and well-characterized in-situ, remote-sensing, and aircraft observations of—</text><subclause id="HE8C309BB2B304C45BDCEF7603B66C894"><enum>(I)</enum><text>the microphysical properties of clouds and atmospheric aerosols;</text></subclause><subclause id="HE3CE94DD1EBF46A8BD000710F9B3D308"><enum>(II)</enum><text>the coincident and highly detailed dynamical and thermodynamic properties of the atmospheric environment that contains those clouds and aerosols;</text></subclause><subclause id="H89F730FB36C84B51BEA922207D6F029F"><enum>(III)</enum><text>the properties of precipitation; </text></subclause><subclause id="H0A76ABCA64834822B0941CF89BD491FA"><enum>(IV)</enum><text>the properties of radiation and the background environment; and</text></subclause><subclause id="HBA42A152D2644B8A8A3BD8B8DD719D86"><enum>(V)</enum><text>the properties of surface or subsurface phenomena;</text></subclause></clause><clause id="H476911E2F1404E628A3840F233F7C3A3"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>to carry out laboratory studies and ground-based and airborne field campaigns to target specific atmospheric and surface or subsurface processes relating to the energy and science mission of the Department in different locations and across a range of environments, including by developing technologies to assist in advancing predictive capabilities;</text></clause><clause id="H33D7CBDA23FA4E92B8A16C577D61CEFE"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>to build data sets that can be incorporated into atmospheric models; and</text></clause><clause id="H9CBB712BAD474B9382FF6F5FAA7E61AF"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>to enhance observations by using modeling and simulations that test the accuracy of climate model parameterizations. </text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H9E81226ACB7F44408D9008FA09D2C304"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Biological and environmental research user facilities</header><paragraph id="HC5E220FCF23E4D488EB442957696B8F2"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall carry out a program for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of observational data related to complex biological, climate, and environmental systems.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HED8A7EF9B1274EB681CF36C58320D282"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Selection</header><subparagraph id="HB6126E4B8AFA488DA8AA30C891EFF17F"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall select user facilities under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8FE87D6C096244BAAE5EDDE1BC2A6C97"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Applicants</header><text>In selecting user facilities under paragraph (1), the Director shall consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H6C4798CD388A44A0BC2559CE9AD34329"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Facility requirements</header><text>To the maximum extent practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include—</text><subparagraph id="H2159AACE4BE74161BF1CE542A6DC7257"><enum>(A)</enum><text>distributed field research and observation platforms for understanding earth system processes;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4461B11E568147A19A066864D336A677"><enum>(B)</enum><text>analytical techniques, instruments, and modeling resources, including high-throughput molecular phenotyping, for understanding and predicting the functional processes of biological and environmental systems;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H57EFB6247EC0442F8AE4BB093852D53E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>integrated high-throughput sequencing, advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and synthesis, metabolomics, and computational analysis; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFAD03A36566C4DE7BD9D3349B1348500"><enum>(D)</enum><text>such other facilities as the Director considers appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>).</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H209E553540B34DD7B1A1122F2E93723D"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Existing facilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the program established under paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H48B3DCCD24724705929046BFF7764D4B"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences User Facilities</header><text>In carrying out the program established under paragraph (1), the Director shall operate at least 1 user facility to advance the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data, including through activities—</text><subparagraph id="HC269A0490517425786CBCF64C20BCC70"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to advance knowledge of the Earth and environmental systems and improve model representations; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF15381556C3D44E8A5E96D7F9E0819CE"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to measure the impact of atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on the Earth and environmental systems. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H6C88103642C3421D976F59B2FE09FF19"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Microbial molecular phenotyping capability project</header><subparagraph id="H174A12593E404669BE0B30F8B01CBB7E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for the expansion of the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, or subsequent facility successor, to advance high-throughput microbial plant and molecular phenotyping capability to accelerate discovery of new protein functions and metabolic pathways in microbial systems.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H86EDB4C98BC6465AB44EF82036EFA0B7"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Capabilities</header><text>In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:</text><clause commented="no" id="HEA0202D278FB4FB88BD47141C7D72151"><enum>(i)</enum><text>Coupled high-throughput autonomous experimental and multimodal analytical capabilities.</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H4F4C0F0076E84B39960A244E5D5948F2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>Direct integration of automated multiomics analyses, biomolecular and cellular imaging, and functional biological assays with high-throughput microbial culturing and cultivation capabilities at timescales relevant to biological processes under natural and perturbed environmental conditions.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1B79530776F44025B24AA1DA3DFE010E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Data coordination</header><text>In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure integration and coordination with existing data platforms and user facilities of the Department.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H62F4C4A004E444CC8495ED13FBDD6655"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text>Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not later than September 29, 2027.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9BCEF066ACA94ADFA4D8F8897529D04B"><enum>(E)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k) for a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this paragraph—</text><clause commented="no" id="H333654F13DF7460F85EA33044AF459F9"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$550,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HCFAB3A0AE6484C4B8F0A558104956C1F"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$29,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H13606AC1537C4B3FB977C4B127ED2A48"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$32,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H99F76A449366464A89FC8BEA8DA9A92B"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$30,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HF05773970CF14BB387C4B54D64332EE1"><enum>(v)</enum><text>$27,500,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD17BED7C8F1E4EE2BBBADA8BAFA800FD"><enum>(7)</enum><header>User Facilities Integration and Collaboration program</header><subparagraph id="H4E7EA1CD51634673B260436713A5C836"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall support a program of collaboration between user facilities to encourage and enable researchers to more readily integrate the tools, expertise, resources, and capabilities of multiple Office of Science user facilities (as described in subsection (d) of section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>)) to further research and advance emerging technologies. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H07C2C9D23521483383496BC9CDF956BC"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>The program shall advance the integration of automation, robotics, computational biology, bioinformatics, biosensing, cellular platforms and other relevant emerging technologies as determined by the Director to enhance productivity and scientific impact of user facilities.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4967A263A7CD4639BEE3927C34655411"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>In carrying out the program authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office of Science coordinates with—</text><subparagraph id="HBA3508CE072F4229A2480738D098D11E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and any other relevant Federal agency on the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H50D9014596CE4F38BAFF479CECB34B36"><enum>(B)</enum><text>relevant stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, nonprofit research institutions, industry, State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and other appropriate entities to ensure access to the best available relevant atmospheric and historical weather data.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H909FD40D6CAE4FF3A282ABADD1C19ED4"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Terrestrial-aquatic interface research initiative</header><paragraph id="H25EECBD8F6D24563AD9134EB38D302F5"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall carry out a research program to enhance the understanding of terrestrial-aquatic interface. In carrying out the program, the Director shall prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational data, and shall develop models to analyze the natural and human processes that interact in littoral zones. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7C7BE2D81C2E4219926A44E1CE62096F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Littoral data collection system</header><text>The Director shall establish an integrated system of geographically diverse field research sites in order to improve the scientific understanding and predictability of the major land water interfaces of the United States through improved data quantity and quality, including in—</text><subparagraph id="H541440ADB77C491E8AD77D91642FDF8C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Great Lakes region;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFC17DDB43DA84E179F68F70819B37E23"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Pacific coast;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4C736A443C2848EAB4F51658F78D9AB8"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Atlantic coast;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H639CAE4F44C54ABD9307992DD61BA696"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the Arctic;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7D76E6805A114C29A10A535FEC7D283B"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the Gulf coast; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEB4D8201FF2A416F97795065647E5657"><enum>(F)</enum><text>the coasts of United States territories and freely associated States.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HCDD56697703F4DA7A01FCC557D2BB4B9"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Existing infrastructure</header><text>In carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing research and development infrastructure supported by the Department, including the Department’s existing marine and coastal research lab.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0600B76B16EC47D981898175A3D7F5E0"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>For the purposes of carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary may enter into agreements with Federal departments and agencies with complementary capabilities, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and any other relevant Federal agency as appropriate.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5E15B3FAE963492BB9E76B6949397D27"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not earlier than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Natural Resources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report examining whether the system described in paragraph (2) should be established as a National User Facility within the Department or as a research facility within another Federal agency. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="id24547b931cb448e490cb64e37fe9b650"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Interoperability</header><subparagraph id="id99354A95EE914D08AB074A00715EB7E4"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall ensure that activities carried out under paragraphs (1) and (2), including observation, data collection, monitoring, and model development and enhancements, are interoperable and may be integrated with existing related systems at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies, as practicable. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idB4DF1E0F6CB94E84804C52F4A8ED40E3"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Resources</header><text>In carrying out subparagraph (A), in support of interoperability, as practicable, the Director may make available to other Federal agencies high performance computing resources.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id7AA28F824EC74BB69F8F621C2A88D941"><enum>(C)</enum><header>NOAA</header><text>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall integrate the data collected under the programs carried out under paragraphs (1) and (2) into relevant data systems and models, as practicable. </text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7ABBB9AAE645496DAF4C6281F9E2B643"><enum>(j)</enum><header>Engineered ecosystems initiative</header><paragraph id="H652F65741B0E448F83EF45C123501F69"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall establish within the Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through the application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing capabilities, and other emerging technologies.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA71EDFF5AD5C4E5486E570A83532698E"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Interagency coordination</header><text>The Secretary shall coordinate with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Secretary of Agriculture, and other relevant officials to avoid duplication of research and observational activities and to ensure that activities carried out under the initiative established under paragraph (1) are complimentary to activities being undertaken by other agencies.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H83A21275325E4072B0A228B4BD0F084D"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the activity authorized under this subsection.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HF908395A67D34494A539E6F2006C8923"><enum>(k)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H5E2AFC1C368F4D6290F94A6FD2512C1C"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$885,420,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H67E1D406AE2A4CA782EA5B94F12B8062"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$946,745,200 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD235DCD31587469684535006BC092A23"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$1,001,149,912 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HA6551FA2479A4B8BBB9986373B7BA380"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$1,068,818,907 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H6921E7B64AB8488D8EC5E6B29CEA8569"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$1,129,948,041 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="HEF82197CC29242D985C85912BF6BCA49"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Bioenergy research centers</header><text>Section 977 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16317">42 U.S.C. 16317</external-xref>) is amended by striking subsection (f) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block id="H71D1474BEB7D4EFA9938E9532D9D56BA" display-inline="no-display-inline" style="OLC" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H9F7E216AEB164E12BEB04FA4A732F94F"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Bioenergy research centers</header><paragraph id="HD7D8B5F1706843DE8B4EA4A333C58F36"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the program under section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18644">42 U.S.C. 18644(a)</external-xref>), the Director shall support up to 6 bioenergy research centers to conduct fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, biological imaging and analysis, and genomics, and to accelerate advanced research and development of advanced biofuels, bioenergy or biobased materials, chemicals, and products that are produced from a variety of regionally diverse feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of research results to industry. The activities of the centers authorized under this subsection may include—</text><subparagraph id="HB0BFB706A43A456F96F486191F87A5CC"><enum>(A)</enum><text>accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-relevant plants, microbes, and associated microbial communities to enable high-impact, value-added coproduct development at multiple points in the bioenergy supply chain;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H35418C95C46846769A8FC9014D56B742"><enum>(B)</enum><text>developing the science and technological advances to ensure process sustainability is considered in the creation of advanced biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD486A922E5C94C569DBF5A47D47C9499"><enum>(C)</enum><text>using the latest tools in genomics, molecular biology, catalysis science, chemical engineering, systems biology, and computational and robotics technologies to sustainably produce and transform biomass into advanced biofuels and bioproducts.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H6BB47038E276499D873A66B8DC774631"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Selection and duration</header><subparagraph commented="no" id="HBEBCAD3BBB344A9D8CFD4692A07693A2"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A center established under paragraph (1) shall be selected on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations, beginning on the date of establishment of that center.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD0FF3E6888A9458BAEAB982092E8D1A0"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Applications</header><text>The Director shall consider applications from National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HA9B27CD535204F4396D85DC6C16F493B"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Existing centers</header><text>A center already in existence on the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act may continue to receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that center.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H689BEF6F953A471E8F34BC518620BF7F"><enum>(D)</enum><header>New centers</header><text>The Director shall select any new center pursuant to paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, with special consideration for applications from an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1001">20 U.S.C. 1001</external-xref>)) that is located in an eligible jurisdiction (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A)</external-xref>)). </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H9AA6C8A14B224863BD030B300EEBE3F9"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Renewal</header><text>After the end of the applicable period described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew support for a center for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit-reviewed basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after its previous selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director may renew support for the center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, and may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H662FCB560C144BABBBE1E69D5909B4D0"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>Centers shall undertake research activities to accelerate the production of advanced biofuels and bioproducts from biomass resources by identifying the most suitable species of plants for use as energy crops; and improving methods of breeding, propagation, planting, producing, harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may include the following:</text><subparagraph id="H304F3F2CBD8947AA99B5F7A83672B31B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Research activities to increase sustainability, including—</text><clause id="HC96DB3DDE18A49058D543C53A329254E"><enum>(i)</enum><text>advancing knowledge of how bioenergy crop interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence crop growth, yield, and quality;</text></clause><clause id="HBF0BCA4B18634095BB80589922537A38"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>identifying the most impactful research areas that address the economics of advanced biofuels and bioproducts production; and</text></clause><clause id="HB84F41D9A8C642EF9949023D7D1FA06D"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>utilizing multiscale modeling to advance predictive understanding of advanced biofuel cropping ecosystems.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H633A334986B349B2A9EA029EC35DF78B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>Research activities to further feedstock development, including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous wastes including carbon oxides and methane, and direct air capture of single carbon gases via plants and microbes, including—</text><clause id="H703DFA60A8A6413C81C2098304310E09"><enum>(i)</enum><text>developing genetic and genomic tools, high-throughput analytical tools, and biosystems design approaches to enhance bioenergy feedstocks and their associated microbiomes;</text></clause><clause id="HCAD8BC01A9244409867C19A5D85695B1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>conducting field testing of new potential bioenergy feedstock crops under environmentally benign and geographically diverse conditions to assess viability and robustness; and</text></clause><clause id="H53D4B0235E6446DD8917647CC3053B6F"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>developing quantitative models informed by experimentation to predict how bioenergy feedstocks perform under diverse conditions.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H54EEC2E1D2A4401BB6C468650450E810"><enum>(C)</enum><text>Research activities to improve lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation methods, including—</text><clause id="HD0474D262C5C4FF394620416831EE94B"><enum>(i)</enum><text>developing feedstock-agnostic deconstruction processes capable of efficiently fractionating biomass into targeted output streams;</text></clause><clause id="HD80FCE3C19ED448FB702751FB3A4A997"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>gaining a detailed understanding of plant cell wall biosynthesis, composition, structure, and properties during deconstruction; and</text></clause><clause id="HDB8A1037EEE64E11987BBFCD94F46846"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>improving enzymes and approaches for biomass breakdown and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin processing.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H91A87D65B75A4DD29386DC1A8762F9DD"><enum>(D)</enum><text>Research activities to improve the feedstock conversion process for advanced biofuels and bioproducts, including—</text><clause id="HD2DCDCA99CE7425A860807C0C64D2CCC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>developing high-throughput methods to screen or select high-performance microbial strains and communities to improve product formation rates, yields, and selectivity;</text></clause><clause id="HAED1A4D83C0446E6AF46356B3675DA51"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>establishing a broad set of platform microorganisms and microbial communities suitable for metabolic engineering to produce advanced biofuels and bioproducts and high-throughput methods for experimental validation of gene function;</text></clause><clause id="HCE2C32EC4BBC4304847F467C0DEE2D1C"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>developing techniques to enhance microbial robustness for tolerating toxins to improve advanced biofuel and bioproduct yields and to gain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of tolerance for major chemical classes of inhibitors found in these processes;</text></clause><clause id="H2B425113323F4EF09074050C543369D3"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>advancing technologies for the use of batch, continuous, and consolidated bioprocessing;</text></clause><clause id="H4A700F93CD3C46E381A67BED2A1A5539"><enum>(v)</enum><text>identifying, creating, and optimizing microbial and chemical pathways to produce promising, atom-economical intermediates and final bioproducts from biomass with considerations given to environmentally benign processes;</text></clause><clause id="H914B182941254FD8A25D9045B8FF5BB3"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>developing high-throughput, real-time, in situ analytical techniques to understand and characterize the pre- and post-bioproduct separation streams in detail;</text></clause><clause id="H3AE07EE44D4849DB96113692C6127910"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>creating methodologies for efficiently identifying viable target molecules, identifying high-value bioproducts in existing biomass streams, and utilizing current byproduct streams;</text></clause><clause id="H7C29FEFC742C4FF2AF2C88DED2220382"><enum>(viii)</enum><text>identifying and improving plant feedstocks with enhanced extractable levels of desired bioproducts or bioproduct precursors, including lignin streams; and</text></clause><clause id="H22C0C07584D44988B2C1126464DB7290"><enum>(ix)</enum><text>developing integrated biological and chemical catalytic approaches to valorize and produce a diverse portfolio of advanced biofuels and bioproducts.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA5E6F8488B764199AD8C88A7EE0866F7"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Industry partnerships</header><text>Centers shall establish industry partnerships to translate research results to commercial applications.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB5E5D85ABB65431AA8E0E3BC0D6CA91F"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In coordination with the Bioenergy Technologies Office of the Department, the Secretary shall support interdisciplinary research activities to improve the capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and affordability, of the production and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts, as well as activities to enable positive impacts and avoid the potential negative impacts that the production and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems, people, and historically marginalized communities.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC477D4E71F2147188F0D43E62B9618EB"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k) of section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18644">42 U.S.C. 18644</external-xref>) for a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $30,000,000 per center established under paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF429390E95594B329E1A8C3CA496F1AE"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In this subsection:</text><subparagraph id="H5BF252CD560747A79A1EAC68EEDC8A54"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Advanced biofuel</header><text>The term <term>advanced biofuel</term> has the meaning given the term in section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/7/8101">7 U.S.C. 8101</external-xref>).</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6067FBCFD8FF43398201AE30BAC6EFA3"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Bioenergy</header><text>The term <term>bioenergy</term> means energy derived from biofuels.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD6F371C34A884AF99983E6320F74A131"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Biomass</header><text>The term <term>biomass</term> has the meaning given the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/15852">42 U.S.C. 15852(b)</external-xref>). </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H62258A40BA0D4A859CBB15EAD162E8FB" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Bioproduct</header><text>The term <term>bioproduct</term> has the meaning given the term <quote>biobased product</quote> in section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/7/8101">7 U.S.C. 8101</external-xref>).</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><section id="HB337AA29EE144913B800D02894C5C161"><enum>10104.</enum><header>Advanced scientific computing research program</header><subsection id="H8EEE1C726A1641578FBFA630EF86AA38"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Advanced scientific computing research</header><text>Section 304 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18642">42 U.S.C. 18642</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H434F288B7F8146E4936AE042A7C1EC8E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as subsections (b) through (d), respectively;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4429CBC26DF946A799B8041732EFBF2B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HB178916BAB354832B1883598DB841C21" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="HD4FF3FE41C0C41EA8A93475206CBB4C7"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>), the Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and relevant public and private sector entities, a research, development, and demonstration program—</text><paragraph id="H92365D14194D4916B2741DE14C5E291F"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to steward applied mathematics, computational science, and computer science research relevant to the missions of the Department and the competitiveness of the United States;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1EADFCF4778849FF9AC169CA7957DA33"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to develop modeling, simulation, and other computational tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the development of new energy technologies and other technologies;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H780909A50F634EA581791865EA29925D"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to advance computing and networking capabilities for data-driven discovery; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H899DD1F3C47A460C9A0241E2E19078B5"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and software tools for science and engineering.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H66322766A3C7441F8857A91C34ED599A"><enum>(3)</enum><text>in subsection (c), as so redesignated—</text><subparagraph id="H5C6988700F1446D8A9F8ABEF789217B1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking <quote>The Director</quote> and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H4BDA99AD317D428C91E6B613989DC542" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="H5DAC1FADDC044C8C8D2EFC752A1DD693"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Director</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBE9551045AA144E399D2466E6284F3E2"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H1F4CBDB07CD1406D954F734CC735C5E0" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph commented="no" id="H956A5EF928834FDB91461EF93FD8AEA6"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>The Under Secretary for Science shall ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, including activities under this section, to determine and meet the computational and networking research and facility needs of the Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology and energy efficiency programs within the Department and with other Federal agencies as appropriate.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H03BEC22D46CB4DFBB9E3C7ED80B7FAE8"><enum>(4)</enum><text>by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read as follows:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H68E3736E23454778B6DF2FCC0E6147EE" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="HC84E035829B14A00BFCF05BA03146036"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Applied mathematics and software development for high-End computing systems and computer sciences research</header><paragraph id="H965D8C699B634B96B2A48F341320C308"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall carry out activities to develop, test, and support—</text><subparagraph id="H0338838CEE4B427D93BEB0854FB94332"><enum>(A)</enum><text>mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for modeling complex systems relevant to the missions of the Department, including on advanced computing architectures; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFAA59FB3CD1548FBB673715BDEFE075D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>tools, languages, programming environments, and operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/5541">15 U.S.C. 5541</external-xref>)).</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5993FA88DB65489AA260151AC35E3274"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Portfolio balance</header><subparagraph id="H1A95217864884B60B556EF1EE2766C66"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research and development program established under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16316">42 U.S.C. 16316</external-xref>) that supports robust investment in—</text><clause id="H18FCF82894094AAC891D699A737E2554"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">applied mathematical, computational, and computer sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the Department, including foundational areas that are critical to the advancement of energy sciences and technologies and new and emerging computing technologies; and</text></clause><clause id="HBDB078FD04E7463C839F1385B18A49CF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>associated high-performance computing hardware and facilities.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDDD2048132D949D68C44BA9C41B4986B"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Exascale ecosystem sustainment</header><clause id="HD4ADA95E06984A7484AA8513A4FA7E8C"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the Exascale Computing Project has successfully created a broad ecosystem that provides shared software packages, novel evaluation systems, and applications relevant to the science and engineering requirements of the Department, and that such products must be maintained and improved in order that the full potential of the deployed systems can be continuously realized.</text></clause><clause id="HB36C5964F10042CAB2A9DF49308AC617"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Sustainment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall seek to sustain and evolve the ecosystem described in clause (i) to ensure that the exascale software stack and other research software will continue to be maintained, hardened, and otherwise optimized for long-term use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable availability to the user community.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="HABF72DA93ECF467EB0BBE8927E92E54E"><enum>(5)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HE91DABF7C5C64A4D9C1F956D90F3F9A0" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H884C3849F44E4AF4AE4F1A3E2395B2EE"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Advanced computing program</header><paragraph id="HD8F834566D7C4578BB14D584E15ABCDE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall establish a program to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In establishing this program, the Secretary shall—</text><subparagraph id="H08F2C09DBB4941BCBFFD8CBFBC965891"><enum>(A)</enum><text>maintain foundational research programs in mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the Department, including post-Moore’s law computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum computing, edge computing, extreme heterogeneity, including potential quantum accelerators, and distributed high-performance computing; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H99E9FC0A59A2422A96A978AEA5226110"><enum>(B)</enum><text>retain best practices and maintain support for essential hardware, applications, and software elements of the Exascale Computing Program that are necessary for sustaining the vitality of a long-term capable software ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE7686EEB99AB4FA4A05F4A3F5B23EB54"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">develop a Department-wide strategy for balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data management.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H2C9412C6630545B1B5DBC57C3ABF4BF3"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the development and implementation of the strategy described in paragraph (1).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H3DAE64EA9D4D4EF9B5AFDF464F63BCB9" commented="no"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Guidance on mitigation of bias in high-performance computing capabilities</header><text>In leveraging high-performance computing systems for research purposes, including through the use of machine learning algorithms for data analysis and artificial intelligence, the Secretary shall issue, and ensure adherence to, guidance for the Department, the National Laboratories, and users as to how those capabilities should be employed in a manner that mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids harmful algorithmic bias. </text></subsection><subsection id="H405B312DCE694243B3B1FB54FE6B0BF6"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Architectural research in heterogeneous computing systems</header><paragraph id="H52F42020610D4D308FCF274AFF88823B"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall carry out a program of research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high performance, high efficiency computing for Department mission challenges. The program shall include research and development that explores the convergence of big data analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogeneous computing system architectures.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H641A9537BDE048C491F28FBA38B01232"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>In carrying out the program described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure coordination between research activities undertaken by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program and materials research supported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within the Office of Science.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H06EA07339AA74BC0B16AACA2D02B10B1"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Energy efficient computing program</header><paragraph id="HD5B7C0632C314146B5E88D0BE3B41822"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall support a program of fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to advanced computing applications, including high-performance computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine learning.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0B373ECA3F2E4362B3F7D3F86B20D0D8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Execution</header><subparagraph id="H8191C96FE938437CB2417DA2C4376F9E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Program</header><text>In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—</text><clause id="H99E9409996FF4396837ED5735F5DC516"><enum>(i)</enum><text>establish a partnership for National Laboratories, industry partners, and institutions of higher education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, technology, software, and applications across all applicable program offices of the Department, and provide access to energy efficient computing resources to such partners;</text></clause><clause id="H33CBCE68525F46DF924F91BA7C531BF6"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>develop hardware and software technologies that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices, including through data center codesign; </text></clause><clause id="H2DB96F42A68847DAA0015F6546D325E5"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider multiple heterogeneous computing architectures in collaboration with the program established under subsection (g), including neuromorphic computing, persistent computing, and ultrafast networking; and</text></clause><clause id="HF411EA0C978F47B79C7F4BB91DEB41DA"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for researchers from institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, industry, and other Federal agencies to the energy efficient computing technologies developed pursuant to clause (i).</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD3B5BDD77A7E4F04953A5713A9CC68E3"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Selection of partners</header><text>In selecting participants for the partnership established under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select participants through a competitive, merit review process.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H701356AD577B4CB98EA69CC966D1C783"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on—</text><clause id="H4C3BEF96B1524F85932492E70136A08F"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the activities conducted under subparagraph (A); and</text></clause><clause id="H9E3C00E8EB894CBD9942910F2F124EA1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the coordination and management of the program under subparagraph (A) to ensure an integrated research program across the Department.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HFA2BA0CD85A94A728CDF218173390229"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Energy sciences network</header><paragraph id="HD7FA28E84BA240CC9157226885F1E7CC"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H20EC2C7031D149A4AFFB411F4F8401A6"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Capabilities</header><text>In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:</text><subparagraph id="H814845A4877D4DFD893B5B4D5CC7BF60"><enum>(A)</enum><text>To provide high bandwidth scientific networking across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3F13E3141F904FC5A998AE07404FBFDF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>To ensure network reliability.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H76E972333949479F9042CE446A05D1CC"><enum>(C)</enum><text>To protect the network infrastructure from cyberattacks.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB8D596ADD4EE4D0580C74AF9DC7E36E0"><enum>(D)</enum><text>To manage transport of exponentially increasing levels of data from the Department’s National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, experiments, and sensors.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDCC7735A8C8E45CC94B39E501A839D70"><enum>(E)</enum><text>To contribute to the integration of heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC2B76914982A484C87D059A0A81EC3B1"><enum>(j)</enum><header>Computational science graduate fellowship</header><paragraph id="H26E9A1E6C81F405B8E2D300E979C5A78"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall support the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to facilitate collaboration between graduate students and researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the development of a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help advance research in all areas of computational science relevant to the mission of the Department, including quantum computing.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE554F9B13A384A71A17192C40E2D3909"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities under this subsection—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="HE3674C5BF47B4CF6BC9FD8DFB3F26769"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$15,750,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HAE5EB57383A04FBD824998F7638CBB37"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$16,537,500 for fiscal year 2024;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H27B29837F93F4568BA44DF715577D167"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$17,364,375 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H3E9AF88B64CD4601B443BA5DB382D477"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$18,232,594 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H97215B78ED0D421B9437739881A2FC8C"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$19,144,223 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HBE142C363F084BB688857492114754AB"><enum>(k)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H6E1F5FD7DE3641B4AEB5DF2915B4D5CF"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$1,126,950,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HC8642499A5AD4D58B0561F9BF40E53E7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$1,194,109,500 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD8212132EC2B439299369A59A461EAE4"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$1,265,275,695 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HBF396EBDA17A45ECB29E6A903BE0B762"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$1,340,687,843 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H19215C3849E3486E9D7D3D50CF383A1D"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$1,420,599,500 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HDCD62546421C4960838DC054AEDECC2F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Quantum science network</header><paragraph id="H786334222CD845D0B8DE9CF8EB3E81B9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/8801">15 U.S.C. 8801</external-xref>) is amended—</text><subparagraph id="H57C31AD00D964046A4872EADEDE041C4"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H45DA82EAFDF5499A8173BE34CF99DC47"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H596E365A7EB546C8835165A2AF16BF63" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="H261DDF5FF237434E860AE311EBB398E0"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Quantum network infrastructure</header><text>The term <term>quantum network infrastructure</term> means any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary to enable the development and deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network technologies.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HCDCDCA3460AE4D7099D9C12B04C5776D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Department of energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program</header><subparagraph id="H297424FBD4BA4AF9B3CA7C40DB93DC2E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/8851">15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H55133E61ECEB4E65B7EFDE6AA355100C" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section id="H122F045CD8AF4455A2C8D1EC8611AC01"><enum>403.</enum><header>Department of Energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program</header><subsection id="HF5A864402C58434C8CEFC773E6BBE266"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the <quote>Secretary</quote>) shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in order to—</text><paragraph id="H4CFC73B735AB447DA0147A4F82EDF1AE"><enum>(1)</enum><text>facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum computing systems through the internet and intranet;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1B826D365F7D4CE59130C0FCFBE046E2"><enum>(2)</enum><text>improve the precision of measurements of scientific phenomena and physical imaging technologies;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H37F4E40CC75A41C4956B97C705240A65"><enum>(3)</enum><text>develop secure national quantum communications technologies and strategies;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H054612A47DC642DA9D1AAF96F801CD0D"><enum>(4)</enum><text>demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network User Facility; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H894D35E096544B10911731B60876C479"><enum>(5)</enum><text>advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or modeling capabilities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC016BF05B99D4F52996650A84ABB470A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Program</header><text>In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—</text><paragraph id="H9CD4E2A55C4949F6AA1EC89C06748DA7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>coordinate with—</text><subparagraph id="H58BE542FD7E042BE8E2B9DDB9087933A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Director of the National Science Foundation;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HACB9DE4B75A34A5F8A48A2BB2D642653"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA231353275C14250AEB1E1067407A395"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council established under section 103(a); and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD958982CF0CE49D2B149CD77F62F4BC5"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA3ABE25CB40A407694CD2B548F48BA13"><enum>(2)</enum><text>conduct cooperative research with industry, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and technologies, including—</text><subparagraph id="H3E2985E01B21404BACC02B08DECD2A3A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD80F790769A54A3E82AB3403DB246486"><enum>(B)</enum><text>entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and transmission, control, and measurement of quantum states;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H46ABB1E421374F4E96877350D28855A0"><enum>(C)</enum><text>quantum interconnects that allow short range local connections between quantum processors;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H27FA71752A1C44B09208A5946669BC9D"><enum>(D)</enum><text>transducers for quantum sources and signals between optical wavelength regimes, including telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains, including microwaves;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBD27221A34C24496AFE20D102144BEED"><enum>(E)</enum><text>development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based quantum bits in the optical or telecommunications wavelengths;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4FF60063A29C4CD692233C60F064DC43"><enum>(F)</enum><text>long-range entanglement distribution, including allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and large scale quantum processors, at the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum repeaters and optical or laser communications;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD1780B52B24C4C62BBD21E202F146B51"><enum>(G)</enum><text>quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and related technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum communication; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8E32C3D12C084B5F97C9C1346261BAE3"><enum>(H)</enum><text>integration of systems across the quantum technology stack into traditional computing networks, including the development of remote controlled, high-performance, and reliable implementations of key quantum network components by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and supplemental investments at the National Laboratories in the Energy Sciences Network User Facility;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0C860604E6614F96B6EC89B6B57484AA"><enum>(3)</enum><text>engage with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium and other organizations, as applicable, to transition component technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the development of a quantum supply chain for quantum network technologies;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H340BCFA035C046859CC50E79E05FD7E8"><enum>(4)</enum><text>advance basic research in advanced scientific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material science to enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to quantum network infrastructure;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCDCF71A4481E4602BBAC9DFED02E81A9"><enum>(5)</enum><text>develop experimental tools and testbeds in collaboration with the Energy Sciences Network User Facility necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental research and development activities with diverse stakeholders from industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0702CEAE3AE7408ABF081633E00EE871"><enum>(6)</enum><text>consider quantum network infrastructure applications that span the Department of Energy’s missions in energy, environment, and national security.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB9F79DDF28434D5AB6BF0D3F33464227"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Leveraging</header><text>In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the Department of Energy and from—</text><paragraph id="H86DF3E14CDE4447588D06C00D8FC5633"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the National Institute of Standards and Technology;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1B15BB7D0F3A4F2782FB5E9E81B8065C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the National Science Foundation;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6ED971A5E7A048DDAAA2E8533E132566"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H08D96F9944DB412592D45D60E3ADC397"><enum>(4)</enum><text>other relevant Federal agencies;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7C55432F6BFB48CDB111EB40719627F3"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the National Laboratories;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4EB10454646E433F912ECB69971CA400"><enum>(6)</enum><text>industry stakeholders;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HF016825957D7476483C9E1C67AC8BFCC"><enum>(7)</enum><text>institutions of higher education; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9F20D9DC48E4433E8FF4C76A981855E8"><enum>(8)</enum><text>the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC4C458841AC947FFBB36D6F453E84578"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Research plan</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum network infrastructure.</text></subsection><subsection id="HCBAD90A0B9AE4D509F370A84EE63F7AA"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Standard of review</header><text>The Secretary shall review activities carried out under this section to determine the achievement of technical milestones.</text></subsection><subsection id="H4EA6A7F190214808997C689C3F272F73"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. </text></subsection></section><section id="H4DABC66D9FB0465AA80271614E0ED059"><enum>404.</enum><header>Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program</header><subsection id="H65A531EDC7D64ECB890144BCCEFE4F3A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the <quote>Secretary</quote>) shall establish and carry out a program, to be known as the <quote>Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology program</quote> or <quote>QUEST program</quote>, to encourage and facilitate access to United States quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research purposes—</text><paragraph id="H425CF23B9F7D4164AB08925DB336008E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to enhance the United States quantum research enterprise;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3C96093723FD4EEC8FC83EA744C65E0E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to educate the future quantum computing workforce;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HAC57809D16D5496B94C1118A4ECCDC00"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to accelerate the advancement of United States quantum computing capabilities; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9F3BD0D2A5FB44F68B89CD7E6C6AE579"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manufacturing processes, and associated simulations or modeling capabilities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H791DC7A028CD4A79B4C08BE764EBD785"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Program</header><text>In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—</text><paragraph id="HCE54D56F09C24FAD98DD456B6EDF68CE"><enum>(1)</enum><text>coordinate with—</text><subparagraph id="H4F727EF61D624A44B890FA2D8023A504"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Director of the National Science Foundation;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCE9170D549C547559D8321DB327F0488"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H23BC950A829A4BD7A0BB33D12F3B8FDB"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council established under section 103(a); and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8F374ADD3B3A4881AE127A3D36E4B3EA"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HFE105471A5914E8F856942AD5CBC0991"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provide researchers based within the United States with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2F39007BC8D74EAEA95B1546031192EE"><enum>(3)</enum><text>consider applications from the National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that the Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national leadership on quantum computing related issues;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H242F8CFD31924BDA86C7B85692E05396"><enum>(4)</enum><text>coordinate with private sector stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners on program development and best management practices; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6E2492D710A6492ABDABABB3D65F05A1"><enum>(5)</enum><text>to the extent practicable, balance user access to commercial prototypes available for use across a broad class of applications and Federal research prototypes that enable benchmarking a wider variety of early-stage devices. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2056C2D006424822A3A2F2F8E9D506FD"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Leveraging</header><text>In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy and from—</text><paragraph id="HFD7237D6F3454D80B3FC7DEFEF42F9B9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the National Institute of Standards and Technology;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H095C34022FBD415996B1F60601E0F021"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the National Science Foundation;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8A6F96537CCE4982872B655F434107E4"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD8D43A529B5844E08E87296360204E72"><enum>(4)</enum><text>other relevant Federal agencies;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H96DCD604F5124E2FB846DD102E93D47A"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the National Laboratories;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HAFDB181DE115467E8E3FE9C73BE12315"><enum>(6)</enum><text>industry stakeholders;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA252920ED6AA4A1EBDDFBE1458237D08"><enum>(7)</enum><text>institutions of higher education; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H7D478122926B4DC09660E3F1A29EF1A7"><enum>(8)</enum><text>the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD3982C4F6FA44DD1882DA23F269317F3"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Security</header><text>In carrying out the activities authorized by this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.</text></subsection><subsection id="HBF6E5B67B0CA4C07AE70A0D9A63D3FAD"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H9969F8D201914F309DD00182FF3C8C37"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H0B1706E9132D4A539E5898DBF70283BC"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$31,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H9D36003785064EA19326887E6098FC27"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$33,075,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H079B84DFD484465DBC8460D00FA0367E"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$34,728,750 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H97E0933B6E034971968BB14A44F6568F"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$36,465,188 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBCF4B1341B414AC5944E12E3977239FC"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Clerical amendment</header><text>The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/115/368">Public Law 115–368</external-xref>; 132 Stat. 5092) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 402 the following: </text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H67DFBE02F08B4859A21C906C22DA55AC" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><toc regeneration="no-regeneration" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><toc-entry level="section">Sec. 403. Department of Energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section">Sec. 404. Department of Energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" id="H4C56C160C203477390344B2BA75926B1"><enum>10105.</enum><header>Fusion energy research</header><subsection commented="no" id="HA2C55C0756774C4EADCF6AA5333C60B2"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Fusion energy research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 307 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18645">42 U.S.C. 18645</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HDC818EA47C6C4B068736A930CCE4D4C2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (b)—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H08C736FF3F1A4ECC9248807C3D4CD715"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in paragraph (2), by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H055BD0F37F7A42E38DAE02B7B3A48416"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H9DA238A8E33B4FA5B5692D2FF0487AF4"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking <quote>As part of </quote> and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H725BA51E460345AE94F494285EE0BF42" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="HA14BEC927F03486E8212912FB67777B5"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H938AC22871EA48968ADAE7207D0C1021"><enum>(D)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H434BD9AFAEA04A1E920C1276DD993E4F" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph commented="no" id="HAD554EDDA36F45F7975DEBF8034F9A32"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (q), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities described in paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HA5A049A3986B4C9393865B74A5AA3184"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in subsection (d)(3)—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="HE4F54CE8E1EE437CB5AF1E70F2F93959"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>(o)</quote> and inserting <quote>(q)</quote>; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HC07B7B287BE74410A55B950AF9099DB7"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>subsection (d)</quote> and inserting <quote>this subsection</quote>; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCA4D039220744EE4A87F71FB507CF070"><enum>(C)</enum><text>by striking <quote>2025</quote> and inserting <quote>2027</quote>;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HC1D3F597FC4248C8B35C69B7386AA312"><enum>(3)</enum><text>in subsection (e)(4)—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="HB99C85261EC64D10B7157AC8687A4B16"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(o)</quote> and inserting <quote>(q)</quote>;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD51886F6236D40AEA047F9109FEB0A31"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>subsection (e)</quote> and inserting <quote>this subsection</quote>; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1F9DB984E6994988AD5C961203A606D3"><enum>(C)</enum><text>by striking <quote>2025</quote> and inserting <quote>2027</quote>;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HFD81072C689F4FF0AF46BC47373EBC8B"><enum>(4)</enum><text>in subsection (i)(10)—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H7815DDDCC5674C0EAEAD37CB6DA7B470"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—</text><clause commented="no" id="HCF0DC11880914C4AB1ACD2E15C69AA6A"><enum>(i)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(o)</quote> and inserting <quote>(q)</quote>; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HE6720A3FB44549F0A9CAFC6249F67662"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>subsection (i)</quote> and inserting <quote>this subsection</quote>;</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H72266E172EDF4BC9B29DFAABB1F01FDD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in subparagraph (D), by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H02E9F7642ED44E63BFD1FCE48858B4FA"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HE31C854DB007450BA0FEB5FA54EB321A"><enum>(D)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HEFA1820E4F3A438EBA8A4BF3C742752F" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD23BF694B5C9447C8E52CB1E8B2600E2"><enum>(F)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HC4FD09B508204AC4A9C216ABBE89E88D"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H38FD97FBE37A4ACCB096E71A0713366D"><enum>(5)</enum><text>by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H74A18FC476804A7CA5980BB102EF6FAB" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection commented="no" id="H26C27E0A62B548A3B5ADD1959A7AE461"><enum>(j)</enum><header>Fusion Reactor System Design</header><paragraph commented="no" id="H7967EEBDADED4BA0BE07287368BA6A56"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Director shall establish not less than 2 national teams described in paragraph (2) that shall—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD57DA0F7BA274EDDA5030A451904D31C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>develop conceptual pilot plant designs and technology roadmaps; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HA03BCA4454B646488A9D6D705C0B5433"><enum>(B)</enum><text>create an engineering design of a pilot plant that will bring fusion to commercial viability.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5D3392C0B21C4F93899A7003139CE53F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>National teams</header><text>A national team referred to in paragraph (1) shall—</text><subparagraph id="HA116E6263E97428CBC148D2C8DC8504F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>be composed of developers, manufacturers, universities, National Laboratories, and representatives of the engineering, procurement, and construction industries; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC9DAFAFC8E4B47C6B209ECC7B569C953"><enum>(B)</enum><text>include public-private partnerships.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H50EA293B977F4F01BAB8E9F2CC32114D"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for Fusion Energy Sciences in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection—</text><subparagraph id="HCB4F3F5CFBBD42C8B3222F2B6A042209"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE967643AAF66458889E6A14E6172AE7D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCEA27D0C2D384983A770FAFC58F8560E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD97E9DC2AA1E48B48F4E9620E3DE5127"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA91F2ACEC00D4509A957EA148F0F33A8"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H171654ABA8224B73BCEFCE98E06F9A9F"><enum>(6)</enum><text>by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (r);</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE069CDCF51BE4A148A3C5C2219ECA3EB"><enum>(7)</enum><text>by inserting after subsection (n) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H13F5E29553BD4E0A9AEF309FEF8C4126" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection commented="no" id="HBEE194B0D1BB4B9291FF29A099A94ED4"><enum>(o)</enum><header>High-performance computation collaborative research program</header><paragraph id="H551BFA896C2449ABA53C10D7DCDF1B2E" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall carry out a program to conduct and support collaborative research, development, and demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high-performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, in order—</text><subparagraph id="HBD3DE6415B2046BAB725613DD2DED91B" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to support fundamental research in plasmas and matter at very high temperatures and densities;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3311AF05A68B411EA87FF29BCB5F2198" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to inform the development of a broad range of fusion energy systems; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2C957737C833432B8C642432E7C3313E" commented="no"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to facilitate the translation of research results in fusion energy science to industry.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8C8B1DF3484D40C6A9FA38936C1286AC" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:</text><subparagraph id="HCEEB969AF531455EBE4C80FA8D791484" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>To use expertise from the private sector, institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories to leverage existing, and develop new, computational software and capabilities that prospective users may use to accelerate research and development of fusion energy systems.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1015E0B0A0A244EB91CD8C0288168837" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text>To develop computational tools to simulate and predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be validated through physical experimentation.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H707A667439D34739BEF0C70442BC4D00" commented="no"><enum>(C)</enum><text>To increase the utility of the research infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program within the Office of Science.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8D9614323D1A4CCD9414014DF340B3C4" commented="no"><enum>(D)</enum><text>To leverage experience from existing modeling and simulation entities sponsored by the Department.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA76CBDAF4DBE429D91CBC13CAEFFB9C9" commented="no"><enum>(E)</enum><text>To ensure that new experimental and computational tools are accessible to relevant research communities, including private sector entities engaged in fusion energy technology development.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H81B0B3CA944B44499B260E06988430F0" commented="no"><enum>(F)</enum><text>To ensure that newly developed computational tools are compatible with modern virtual engineering and visualization capabilities to accelerate the realization of fusion energy technologies and systems. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H6BF5BBA93E314906945F3D1FB9F784FE" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Duplication</header><text>The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of the program under paragraph (1) with the activities of—</text><subparagraph id="H6B5D17A9CD5E4AD5A7B95F667B528C86" commented="no"><enum>(A)</enum><text>other research entities of the Department, including the National Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy, and the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program within the Office of Science; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD557621C08AD4D9B9247FB797B1BF62B" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><text>industry. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H14851B3314874838B2E4E1FF1E0CCF0B" commented="no"><enum>(4)</enum><header>High-performance computing for fusion innovation center</header><subparagraph commented="no" id="H784797BAF7E34CFAADA8D107CEC473F1"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, in coordination with the Innovation Network for Fusion Energy, establish and operate a national High-Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Center (referred to in this paragraph as the <quote>Center</quote>), to support the program under paragraph (1) by providing, to the extent practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, fusion energy research and development through high-performance computing and advanced data analytics technologies and processes.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3E72B350DB2E4A909CF1769D2DBF6CDF" commented="no"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Eligible entities</header><text>An entity eligible to serve as the Center shall be—</text><clause commented="no" id="H45ABA9536BA742D9AE3391F059B788CF"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a National Laboratory;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H5E5A8C8A414D44118EAA73081C5F63E2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>an institution of higher education;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H7F110178D94D4CC598FEB38827980425"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>a multi-institutional collaboration; or</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HE69BD876D98D47F9AB24DA8517E0BB60"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>any other entity that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8A99145A558944DD9D6368AA56D37FAC"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Application; selection</header><clause commented="no" id="H560D90617B9B4E09A7D380C9BDF219B7"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Application</header><text>To be eligible to serve as the Center, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. </text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H3E0298A5130743BCAB494DE4F7CD02FC"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Selection</header><text>The Secretary shall select the Center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. </text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H74356E65FBB941D1A4F90F7594C6E0FC" commented="no"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Existing activities</header><text>The Center may incorporate existing research activities that are consistent with the program under paragraph (1).</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HDAE8F96DB4AF4DAAA676E20C35E26F77"><enum>(E)</enum><header>Priorities</header><clause commented="no" id="H3B9856E97ED24DF28EBD644C6A0CBBD9"><enum>(i)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Center shall prioritize activities that utilize expertise and infrastructure from a balance among the private sector, institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories to enhance existing computation tools and develop new computational software and capabilities to accelerate the commercial application of fusion energy systems. </text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H5D468DD4BF514E48B3200C191C562E19"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Maintenance of resource availability</header><text>The Secretary may enter into contracts with commercial cloud computing providers to ensure that resource availability within the Department is not reduced or disproportionately distributed as a result of Center activities.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF2A6370B1FC74F3280D66F96DA787437" commented="no"><enum>(F)</enum><header>Duration</header><text>Subject to subparagraph (G), the Center shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H328960AF9F7F4490809F5F88A150E9F2" commented="no"><enum>(G)</enum><header>Renewal</header><text>On the expiration of the period of support of the Center under subparagraph (F), the Secretary may renew support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H5306EE555F684072A0D0FF544BCFAB79"><enum>(p)</enum><header>Material plasma exposure experiment</header><paragraph commented="no" id="H560EC602A0AF4B20809E127A05C1E801"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall construct a Material Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee entitled <quote>Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas</quote>. The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that the facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs for steady state, high-heat-flux, and plasma-material interaction testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion energy relevant parameters.</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H70F627F1B0A246E89C511984BE8E6D89"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Facility capabilities</header><text>The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide the following capabilities:</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="HDCA77692E20B41C597C3929FB34F86AB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HC973FC64D7FF45BDADECBEE6C4B83FE1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m<superscript>2</superscript>. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H3DA3CB63CEA44DA1B1723EA796CDFA9C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>The ability to expose previously irradiated plasma facing material samples to plasma.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H33FD058BA8FE4C8BA2B1FC7E2A52B86B"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) occurs before December 31, 2027.</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H9B51AFA1D40941B48088F57F45AF186C"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences to complete construction of the facility described in paragraph (1)—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H3B608268CC444325B0CDC11EF0A9309B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$21,895,000 for fiscal year 2023; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HFACB6DF2A8934F2F94B567ED2BF71768"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$3,800,000 for fiscal year 2024.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H31CB10E9664E43B3A3B92105416B88FE"><enum>(q)</enum><header>Matter in extreme conditions instrument upgrade</header><paragraph commented="no" id="H52EC1E51BECC43CE9463EF70C19131F6"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020 publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee entitled <quote>Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas</quote>. The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs for understanding physical and chemical changes to plasmas at fundamental timescales, and explore new regimes of dense material physics, astrophysics, planetary physics, and short-pulse laser-plasma interactions.</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HAFEF711C687D4D48BECFBC35ACDF3DF5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) occurs before December 31, 2028.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H1A6D75317C134107BA0CEEC9F741360A"><enum>(8)</enum><text>in subsection (r) (as so redesignated)—</text><subparagraph id="H2E300BB3DBAA4D61835C1D8DAA495C67"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking <quote>There</quote> and inserting <quote>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there</quote>; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD853E7EB37EB476C8B3C4492E1590C18"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by striking paragraphs (3) through (5) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H033609FCD5FB42B2B57878094EB79318" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="HC13A4EBF633A4526867317A1542AEB5E"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$1,025,500,400 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6807AF54BB1F494E88F0D7F6CE8CD7EE"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$1,043,489,724 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H17F9E8B111DB4E11BB08305D0BBC15FC"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$1,053,266,107 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H108E13185D564ED3BD4D2454A9ABE60C"><enum>(6)</enum><text>$1,047,962,074 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HD426D277ADC0417F9D2F4601B00567A6"><enum>(7)</enum><text>$1,114,187,798 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H4BA16C05A7ED48C098DAA391A6EF60F6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>ITER construction</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 972(c)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16312">42 U.S.C. 16312(c)(3)</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="H5435FFE7ACE74FE1BD1F805B2582ED77"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subparagraph (A), by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4D82E9C8BA804050BB05031204F09D57"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HB9DD165938E0459685BDDB45B550989F" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph id="H4CD4BF8CBC4D4799AAD492A0CE00A0AF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$379,700,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7C6339098BBB4C0584493967284FFA84"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$419,250,000 for fiscal year 2024; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE0EEA9BE3B9842FF88C4DB55363FCFBF"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$415,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE0491D9AC5344D0690B78A7BC93F5A9A"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$370,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA801E894EE5545DDAF4E73B9FD430DAF"><enum>(F)</enum><text>$411,078,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H8D0F9DD9A930438CA311D5154008DC40"><enum>10106.</enum><header>High energy physics program</header><subsection id="H8AB3E74D042D47FA86C5A4FAEC9EA962"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program</header><text>Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18643">42 U.S.C. 18643</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HE0E7215FACF14C9188A3D4F20C558C52"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections (d) through (f), respectively; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H22EDE8A965EB436D98D590BA9A0659BC"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by inserting after subsection (a) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H5211AC563D7648759F16CCA966E19794" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H8A9D006C4C424A8EBBB5EFAA9698702A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>), the Director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, including constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time.</text></subsection><subsection id="H9F2BD6BB81084578AE3AC72331332AC2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>High energy frontier research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the program described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry out research using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, including accelerators and detectors that will function as national user facilities, to create and study interactions of elementary particles and investigate fundamental forces.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H0E4E20E1A30346D4871E76D2405DBB71"><enum>(b)</enum><header>International collaboration</header><text>Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18643">42 U.S.C. 18643</external-xref>) is amended by striking subsection (d) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1)) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H4E1B9C6BED68494D840D28D2A540EF45" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection commented="no" id="HD19F1273007E4DC7BECDDFE49684CB36"><enum>(d)</enum><header>International collaboration</header><text>The Director shall—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HD1588A8D37D543A08A913514E2B8E422"><enum>(1)</enum><text>as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron Collider;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H140D1E831FF14762B22658F352F35123"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to the maximum extent practicable, continue to leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HAB1379A8E5774EC4BC057449C0ABC556"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future international facilities that would provide access to the most advanced accelerator facilities in the world to United States researchers.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H4D537084A4F84267A1BB4CA4C7951A42"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Cosmic frontier research</header><text>Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18645">42 U.S.C. 18645</external-xref>) is amended by striking subsection (f) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1)) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H903C6C6CC9AE44F5A910741CD063E3CE" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H0BE0604D0A1249589C8EC27A63A8C9C3"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Cosmic frontier research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director shall carry out research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include—</text><paragraph id="H60AF8EEBFCBB438680E235C15E9D34F7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>collaborations with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, or international partners on relevant projects; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HBDD58815493145FE9877A9A3A8918D2D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the development of space-based, land-based, water-based, and underground facilities and experiments.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="HF4FA908506224A4184E2C02AA1F6363E"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Further activities</header><text>Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18645">42 U.S.C. 18645</external-xref>) (as amended by subsection (c)), is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HEC0F4139847A4328801A5A7FAE63B23A" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H2CB4423169F34C018D343CB8CFFA68D7"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Facility construction and major items of equipment</header><paragraph id="H753E9679D1DE4123A303A0B398B2C4D9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Projects</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Consistent with the Office of Science’s project management practices, the Director shall, to the maximum extent practicable, by incorporating the findings and recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled <quote>Building for Discovery</quote>, support construction or fabrication of—</text><subparagraph id="H6538544C72634D3F9C001FCDCF5F3E27"><enum>(A)</enum><text>an international Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility based in the United States;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H655CD47707514EEEAD939940C78BA820"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Proton Improvement Plan II;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6043D21C9EF44A06B1EF75D04EF6BD47"><enum>(C)</enum><text>Second Generation Dark Matter experiments;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0C64093102A64CBD916B1225F8599D87"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2BC2CC6D591B49AABB351CA04782C51A"><enum>(E)</enum><text>upgrades to detectors and other components of the Large Hadron Collider; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9B509D68537946A2AA3EDA13B8609F9E"><enum>(F)</enum><text>the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H49537F8DCEAF44908061B1400FFB5534"><enum>(G)</enum><text>other high priority projects recommended in the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HE17E3D98146B48F5AFF5508887B7E77F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Long-baseline neutrino facility</header><subparagraph id="HA0FD23CE177642368F1BBE48E7DD6862"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall support construction of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment to examine the fundamental properties of neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify the existence and nature of antimatter.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H268E76218AA04D018AD7F12F8DD67679"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Facility capabilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:</text><clause id="H43C602B44534490193376BB6842E715F"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 1.2 megawatts of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 megawatts of beam power.</text></clause><clause id="H5235938E8C6148B1AD599929AB198E43"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">3 caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings and utilities.</text></clause><clause id="H727680A186994964B945C6F023D4F1F9"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Cryogenic systems to support neutrino detectors.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H38B01DF6327C45B6BE098103B13C6E7E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in subparagraph (A) occurs before December 31, 2031.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H18E51F68AD364B278F5A2CCF23F5607D"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the project described in subparagraph (A)—</text><clause commented="no" id="HEF96415524C94D22B97769F97120118B"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$180,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H359956F8CB7A437694131E66BC980837"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$255,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HD653B15286234FC290CD2B48010A3D0B"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$305,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HED26988DA3584330BFCE4B4324FA8035"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H2EB666AD8A164746B17FD107C1F2F40C"><enum>(v)</enum><text>$305,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H043217005CDF454FA52679D50462DE50"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Proton improvement plan–ii accelerator upgrade project</header><subparagraph id="HF89A4F72055749918F6D7FAB39886CD4"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall support construction of the Proton Improvement Plan II, an upgrade to the Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled <quote>Building for Discovery</quote>, to provide the world’s most intense beam of neutrinos to the international Long Baseline Neutrino Facility and to carry out a broad range of future high energy physics experiments. The Secretary shall work with international partners to enable further significant contributions to the capabilities of that project.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE4451C96BFEF444193944B01BBA6B65C"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Facility capabilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:</text><clause id="H8B09CEA17A7F4F958A04059F77BFF8ED"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt superconducting linear accelerator.</text></clause><clause id="H64320BB0B5184C4F87ED33FB2AF526DD"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Proton beam power of 1.2 megawatts at the start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 megawatts of beam power.</text></clause><clause id="H6E1D905A78564956A4153093788290E5"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A flexible design to enable high power beam delivery to multiple users simultaneously and customized beams tailored to specific scientific needs.</text></clause><clause id="H40B77CC4892043F4907FE7B683E40EAD"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Sustained high reliability operation of the Fermilab accelerator complex.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC756699E95EB4616A19CCF46A8486A1F"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in subparagraph (A) occurs before December 31, 2028.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H895DB66D0BAE41C0833CD9D605C353DB"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility described in subparagraph (A)—</text><clause commented="no" id="HBEA2542AC2B747D4A983BBC69CF4284C"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$130,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HC260C756F7E04E259CAC556BC950FC5D"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H7D2D37DC755F44B7BEE90CB2D96B5300"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HA4141A038C3146DB8C71303925EE602C"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$115,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HC4C97D4A6EC74F8FACB8F4B9DDA13AD7"><enum>(v)</enum><text>$110,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H2CF0B0D5F0F044B7BE7634888472A6FD"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Cosmic microwave background stage 4</header><subparagraph id="HA3D407A01007492DA30F8A6CD97B54B8"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary, in partnership with the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall support construction of the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project to survey the cosmic microwave background to test theories of cosmic inflation as described in the 2014 Particle Physics Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled <quote>Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context.</quote>.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H29FA653AD666475D975D3A2C697361E7"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Consultation</header><text>The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that the project described in subparagraph (A) is capable of meeting Federal research needs in accessing the ultra-high energy physics of inflation and important neutrino properties.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF377C7D5E51F4602A84147A4DB4B140A"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Experimental capabilities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, 500,000 superconducting detectors deployed on an array of millimeter-wave telescopes with the required range in frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed that will provide sufficient capability to enable an order of magnitude advance in observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background, delivering transformative discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF7DC7C9404814A3B8F2674E1AB7197CC"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in subparagraph (A) occurs before December 31, 2030.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H2A9BB8366FA74DCBB68423B4D0AAB4E5"><enum>(E)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility described in subparagraph (A)—</text><clause commented="no" id="H8D22DBB0E4744CB9A70594DE6EC06210"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H2F02B786B8824D0F920C12E41C844D6A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HA434EE5E9CCB408291A12929C6986192"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H85D27B5F70D946FB8B1B7D929CC53C29"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H7BDE6A34C3834767A306B20854536412"><enum>(v)</enum><text>$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HAC0D931095D64822BBBE62E23670B965"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Accelerator and detector upgrades</header><text>The Director shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle physics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the Director shall continue to work with international partners, when appropriate and in the United States’ interest, to leverage investments and expertise in critical technologies to help build and upgrade accelerator and detector facilities in the United States.</text></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HAC4543FABB1B4385B1029747F4B3342D"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Accelerator and detector research and development</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the program described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry out research and development in particle beam physics, accelerator science and technology, and particle and radiation detection with relevance to the specific needs of the High Energy Physics program, in coordination with the Accelerator Research and Development program authorized under section 310.</text></subsection><subsection id="HAFD2ECB90E4C45DF85E7B07E9997ED0E"><enum>(j)</enum><header>Underground science</header><text>The Director shall—</text><paragraph id="H35761E0751C7450BA82717AE9B02BD36"><enum>(1)</enum><text>support an underground science program consistent with the missions of the Department and the scientific needs of the High Energy Physics program, including those articulated in the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science and engineering facilities;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE000A9207797491BA25E28CBA5C58660"><enum>(2)</enum><text>carry out a competitive grant program to award scientists and engineers at institutions of higher education, nonprofit institutions, and National Laboratories to conduct research in underground science and engineering; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE89484B62B0642DAAE1F6908C8637173"><enum>(3)</enum><text>submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the inventory of underground mines in the United States that may be suitable for future development of underground science and engineering facilities and any anticipated challenges associated with repurposing, repair, facility siting, or construction.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HB92A43907FDE470685D6CD6E0AA28669"><enum>(k)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H0D2125DC270846148037F51FD8A2BFEC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$1,159,520,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H891466B4E9544D1FB9B201A6C87E189F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$1,289,891,200 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HB26D548F478F4532AB2440F291B03FF3"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$1,428,284,672 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H9732DF3F63A44342AD51E4AD34550650"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$1,499,881,752 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H7288BD22DDBB4E53A91E37964D7DCEF8"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$1,554,874,657 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><section id="H30ADDAD478F24436A4A6DA94AA3EFC69"><enum>10107.</enum><header>Nuclear physics program</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/115/246">Public Law 115–246</external-xref>; 132 Stat. 3150) is amended to read as follows:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HCCA86DB98F154DC38B167468FCD60E5F" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section section-type="subsequent-section" id="H34101629ECDA477A99C0569D75F00D08"><enum>308.</enum><header>Nuclear physics</header><subsection id="HCF633F51111A49C1BF7C99FCDA2EAD5D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program</header><text>As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>), the Director shall carry out a research program, and support relevant facilities, to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter.</text></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HBDE2FF97BB8B4D1FBBCE141338A964ED"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Electron Ion collider</header><paragraph commented="no" id="H6EBD326390F4435A9E71304BEDDA7D53"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall support construction of an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Long Range Plan of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the report from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine entitled <quote>An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science</quote>, in order to measure the internal structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental questions about the nature of visible matter.</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H41E1336FEAAF4A62AB4318786F0A8A16"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Facility capability</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) meets the requirements in the 2015 Long Range Plan described in that paragraph, including—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H0299F3263E2B4296BBD3595A70B84D11"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">at least 70 percent polarized beams of electrons and light ions;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8545E63FCCAA491181C88A0D22FA21BC"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest stable nuclei;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8433169641D74254907D8FE30F8E4EE9"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 GeV;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HB3BB2DF801364D43AA7D6942272E597B"><enum>(D)</enum><text>high collision luminosity of 10<superscript>33–34</superscript>cm<superscript>-2</superscript>s<superscript>-1</superscript>; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HB7DAAE9979E04DAE8D477FD105B2AB8F"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the possibility of more than 1 interaction region.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HCCF04BCE2318485A91BE258A7DB4A34D"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Start of operations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before December 31, 2030.</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HFB086B9100C040A9BF136B02DD2F05FC"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under this subsection—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H795F1D629D2A470D90D9B39D2C5A22EB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H31A491103772487D8CF9405B0CE219BE"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$181,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H2C2E73E6EA954545AB72F40A7CF52C48"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$219,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H94EBBDA4BE694068B0618480B84779D8"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$297,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HDDE025ECD80D481D99C42D3F0F7ABB47"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$301,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HA21E730C1E274908967BBC4650232CC6"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HF2F078A1B2944CF3B97337424696AB6E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$840,480,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H1EE1D74582D04773AE905D6F0106E4A9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$976,508,800 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD307A53E03334530B80F36AF5EF3B988"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$1,062,239,328 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HEB1A7391F6694886B25DA5A43D25F22F"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,190,833,688 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H326F0D40E1494797952A60B6D6D043F0"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$1,248,463,709 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="HA1CFD99DDBE54F0180C3EF8968BA429A"><enum>10108.</enum><header>Science laboratories infrastructure program</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18647">42 U.S.C. 18647</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block id="HED9A8A5AB80E4AFAA5D30BF5627B2EC4" display-inline="no-display-inline" style="OLC" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subsection id="H8BEBB7B3A35448189B22FCCCAE1BFCF6"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Approach</header><text>In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Director shall use all available approaches and mechanisms, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, including— </text><paragraph id="HB4D92508538041AA8076877A254A4C26"><enum>(1)</enum><text>capital line items;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0A0944F30E3449BB8B5238B33D68003A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>minor construction projects;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H761DA87886A945789AE4B348D8A68B61"><enum>(3)</enum><text>energy savings performance contracts;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H0185BA6557224DC796D2E9ECE2F4583F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>utility energy service contracts;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEBB9CA9F01D146098EEC9AA51BEEA250"><enum>(5)</enum><text>alternative financing; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H52317FE46AD6440F9F78028BA5030F73"><enum>(6)</enum><text>expense funding.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H72F6AC544C054C4BB26DE8AC9C759AB7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Submission to Congress</header><text>For each fiscal year through fiscal year 2027, at the same time as the annual budget submission of the President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a list of projects for which the Secretary will provide funding under this section, including a description of each project and the funding profile for the project.</text></subsection><subsection id="H10135335DEBB4478A046FE9310FBDF74" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section $550,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section commented="no" id="HE736EB5CA539476CB0D37DBC7D8D6214"><enum>10109.</enum><header>Accelerator research and development</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18601">42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HE51EF306B14845D4BD0A23D897701CD5" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section commented="no" id="HF6AB3D254F824F40A092DE07B6DE4788"><enum>310.</enum><header>Accelerator research and development</header><subsection commented="no" id="H1EE058C341494514A404410A9B2AC1B0"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7139">42 U.S.C. 7139</external-xref>), the Director shall carry out a research program—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H88DF7085453240958555EC62C9D01B3E"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to advance accelerator science and technology relevant to the Department, other Federal agencies, and United States industry;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H1F9929F2D452469887C320E2AE18ACB9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and enable the commercial application of accelerator technologies;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HA0E72B045C3E4118A5D6BE8848087746"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to support the development of a skilled, diverse, and inclusive accelerator workforce; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H7423CD2F23854B8E95FB008E9144FB7F"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to provide access to accelerator design and engineering resources.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HAED0966009524C4A90F7F11A7F934964"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Accelerator research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HC251579F9F464FB4B765E0133F7B87E5"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">research activities in cross-cutting accelerator technologies including superconducting magnets and accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator controls, simulation software, new particle sources, advanced laser technology, and transformative research; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HEDE6653AA9794127BE13E7B71D14B6C7"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H4F829374B0AD434A92FBEA83629525F8"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Accelerator development</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and commercial application of accelerator technologies, including advanced superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.</text></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H0277733FA3F74C02AD45B622491C811F"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Research collaborations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In developing accelerator technologies under the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H963EFD9D85744FF9A9A195EF22B5B1CF"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider the requirements necessary to support translational research and development for medical, industrial, security, and defense applications; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD30B285AB20C4380895930C9DB941E85"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">leverage investments in accelerator technologies and fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with institutions of higher education, industry, and other Federal agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced accelerator technologies.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H5F4C8D0DA5A04F4DA73C223B97079218"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H841B1D9A73C14F0BA5654E6CEB6069CF"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$19,080,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H53EDC638E8684A4F86508564379760A3"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$20,224,800 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H18D74924E29D41878050415F7D49ABA1"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$21,438,288 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H0FCF4425E6354B1E9C9E99B5C6916812"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$22,724,585 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H027B739276C142F5B6F188B8651CA362"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$24,088,060 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></section><section id="H774DB6BB4A9741FB8987220C5E915140"><enum>10110.</enum><header>Isotope research, development, and production</header><subsection id="H85AF35F473F94C8C84A077AED069A236"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18601">42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by adding after section 310 (as added by section 10109) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H5481792F9A6947AC9063BEC3C7811305" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section id="H66D0FE372D79498E8730FC04A0C0614E"><enum>311.</enum><header>Isotope research, development, and production</header><subsection id="HF85AC045E7B94E278F28BF281EC1A7A7"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definition of critical radioactive and stable isotope</header><paragraph id="H8027031A8BA4473DA8F5CC2983C65FC4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In this section, the term <quote>critical radioactive and stable isotope</quote> means a radioactive and stable isotope—</text><subparagraph id="HDCC6812B0A6A440CB796736590136005"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the domestic commercial production of which is unavailable or inadequate to satisfy the demand of research, medical, industrial, or related industries in the United States; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H59E1B44E40FE4EDE8DD4C351810BB2E2"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the supply of which is augmented through—</text><clause id="H6F9DADC4076E4F0FB68E70C09725FBB4"><enum>(i)</enum><text>Department production; or</text></clause><clause id="HB9C726928DFE43D1824E22E9783CF37D"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>foreign suppliers.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD978E2C345EA419ABAE2CFA809689BC3"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Exclusion</header><text>In this section, the term <term>critical radioactive and stable isotope</term> does not include the medical isotope molybdenum-99, the production and supply of which is addressed in the American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/112/239">Public Law 112–239</external-xref>; 126 Stat. 2211) (including the amendments made by that Act).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2279202D81CF4460BD4AA4212FC0156D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Program</header><text>The Director shall—</text><paragraph id="HD2EC87670A364230A0F4CB35C1972D54"><enum>(1)</enum><text>carry out, in coordination with other relevant programs across the Department, a program—</text><subparagraph id="H7F29686ED4BD4657B5619377FF31AAA1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>for the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes, including the development of techniques to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines are needed and of sufficient quality and quantity for research, medical, industrial, or related purposes;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEA69717B26934A5C9F04BE5404DAD5F9"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes that are in short supply or projected to be in short supply in the future, including byproducts, surplus materials, and related isotope services;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCED586B607E941319EC4C732A555A6BF"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to maintain and enhance the infrastructure required to produce and supply critical radioactive and stable isotope products and related services;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H11FFB948CBF34F7480FBFDE1F0245C2E"><enum>(D)</enum><text>to conduct research and development on new and improved isotope production and processing techniques that can make critical radioactive and stable isotopes available for research and application as soon as possible while assisting in workforce development;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H53CD63B860A745E2B5256A8BE0DB1452"><enum>(E)</enum><text>to reduce domestic dependency on the foreign supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes to ensure national preparedness; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0353248453964611B1AFA8FDB0537764"><enum>(F)</enum><text>to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance with—</text><clause id="HACF13E64EFEC421383390E14C91B1762"><enum>(i)</enum><text>evidence-based reports, such as the 2015 report of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee entitled <quote>Meeting Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities for the Future</quote>; and </text></clause><clause id="H80E3A8D36523491DA99B66B7AA0FB36C"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>assessments of isotope supply chains, including the assessment described in paragraph (3), any reports submitted pursuant to subsection (d), and other current and future assessments;</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HDEFD326A96334F8395B4211E36923258"><enum>(2)</enum><text>ensure that isotope production activities carried out under this subsection are consistent with the statement of policy entitled <quote>Policies and Procedures for Transfer of Commercial Radioisotope Production and Distribution to Private Industry</quote> (30 Fed. Reg. 3247 (March 9, 1965));</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB5693CC1DDD4405C8A891A13496566AE"><enum>(3)</enum><text>assess the domestic requirements of current and emerging critical radioactive and stable isotopes and associated applications, including by consulting end-users, to identify areas that may require Federal investment for expedited development of domestic production capacity for those isotopes, including through public-private partnerships, as appropriate; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H8B61DC8E6D044E10B6EDEC4153E6E2F4"><enum>(4)</enum><text>ensure that actions taken by the Department do not interfere with, delay, compete with, or otherwise adversely affect efforts by the private sector to make available or otherwise facilitate the supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes, including efforts under existing agreements between the Department or contractors of the Department and the private sector; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB89A155304E442009AFD8F22B1801E3E"><enum>(5)</enum><text>in coordination with the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, assess options for demonstrating the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes in research, test, or commercial nuclear reactors and accelerators, including reactors and accelerators operated at universities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H6136698DD9F443F58C8BB0A56651872F"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Advisory committee</header><paragraph id="H0FD4F9904F574C38B836B767F3133B1B"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee (referred to in this subsection as the <quote>committee</quote>) in alignment with the program established under subsection (b)—</text><subparagraph id="HC6E7597FD4F347D7B2928F7B4C856AFA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to carry out the activities previously executed as part of the Isotope Subcommittee of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD59DCED080224780969D3E6D2E486431"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to provide expert advice and assistance to the Director in carrying out that program.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HAAFEFC79F68D44E191E81740CB25A1C8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Report</header><subparagraph id="H7D6381ED18BD4D819ED9BE51CBCE3401"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the committee is established, the committee shall—</text><clause id="HE35259C9966A48138793EEBCD8EEB9FC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>update the 2015 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Isotopes Subcommittee Report entitled <quote>Meeting Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities for the Future</quote>; and</text></clause><clause id="HC3F53AD10C73452A8CAEFBAAEE9DCA2E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>periodically update that report thereafter as needed.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6EE2FDB4112B49F28E28D15261E1AB77"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Inclusions</header><text>An updated report under subparagraph (A) shall include an assessment of—</text><clause id="H10D607CB8102421BAF417F53F576E304"><enum>(i)</enum><text>current demand in the United States for critical radioactive and stable isotopes;</text></clause><clause id="H285EB1F22A994D158D1AD1F0A8855D60"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the impact of continued reliance on foreign supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes;</text></clause><clause id="H2F7B96B5B1EB4AA5A4160A104AA645AD"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>proposed mitigation strategies, including increasing domestic production sources for critical radioactive and stable isotopes, that—</text><subclause id="H5E9235B07C8C446B98B5BF537CE81D5B"><enum>(I)</enum><text>are not commercially available; or</text></subclause><subclause id="H26CAC7B9858D4327A8A29E2A1883D810"><enum>(II)</enum><text>are commercially produced in quantities that are not sufficient—</text><item id="H6B68B3FE6C10410E82445336D9A8A7D6"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>to satisfy domestic demand; and</text></item><item id="H8285141F80A5408E842066D5B598E353"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>to minimize production constraints and supply disruptions to the United States healthcare and industrial isotope industries;</text></item></subclause></clause><clause id="H0965F5BB53344189829EB54D51C291AA"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>current facilities, including upgrades to those facilities, and new facilities needed to meet domestic critical isotope needs; and</text></clause><clause id="H332E2B8E94D441659B327B91D354CA79"><enum>(v)</enum><text>workforce development needs. </text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD1E0D26FEBE34B8B8F60406F4E1EE02B"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Nonduplication</header><text>The committee shall work in alignment with, and shall not duplicate the efforts of, preexisting advisory committees that are advising the program established under subsection (b).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1870856572754434A52844B83AD9E9E8"><enum>(4)</enum><header>FACA</header><text>The committee shall be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0C9BD84949D0436E952D13D819EEA0D2"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Report</header><paragraph id="H163E7ED73FCF49AFB4958F5078B58718"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than the end of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this section, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board shall submit to the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committees on Science, Space, and Technology and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report describing the progress made under the program established under subsection (b) during the preceding 2 fiscal years. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4FC29B83FE7549CF9B8F5CDD9F57666F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Inclusions</header><text>Each report under paragraph (1) shall include—</text><subparagraph id="H1EFD95609B6D4BD3AE7F47FAC95E67B9"><enum>(A)</enum><text>an updated assessment of any critical radioactive and stable isotope shortages in the United States;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H75944D5086B041A9A4BE16F2666FF541"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a description of—</text><clause id="HB4B790F57E3742EAA4EDA43CCE3ED2BC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>any disruptions in the international supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes during the preceding 2 fiscal years; and </text></clause><clause id="H690AAD0C5E294B32AB1B0BA21F8448EB"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the impact of those disruptions on related activities; and</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H351DA1CE1A4C494895E03AAB617267C3"><enum>(C)</enum><clause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H967C1A9E46A048B080678AC3DA91DF63"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a projection of anticipated disruptions in the international supply, or supply constraints, of critical radioactive and stable isotopes during the next 2 fiscal years; and </text></clause><clause id="HBEB6DC6978B24700BD82D71DDF1F1D25" indent="up1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the anticipated impact of those disruptions or constraints, as applicable, on related domestic activities.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H585AB39E11AF43CEAE93AA21FDAB6D22"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section—</text><paragraph id="H37B5960B2A4F49F592CFEB78C62126CA" commented="no"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$175,708,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCF93E89D6FB346D8BAC7290BDD0780EE" commented="no"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$196,056,480 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6BF50EFDED0E4AE89860E45D655809E4" commented="no"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$215,759,869 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HCDC58B06C5F1490F91886E0760F111F8" commented="no"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$200,633,461 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H012304F9A4E742BEB6E42F4B4B1DEBB6" commented="no"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$146,293,469 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H34F2730273174224BAC2BA0E32B6A276"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Demonstration of isotope production</header><text>Section 952(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16272">42 U.S.C. 16272(a)</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HCC372B56B1424B80A7DF37B4D0F1E08D"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4) and moving the paragraph so as to appear after paragraph (3); and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H21FF1827DA1543C4879F84557339A7C0"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HCDB494D9E7F9449887E7C24B08D7389D" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph id="H561B531F28F94AC983185E30541FB8D5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Isotope demonstration evaluation</header><subparagraph id="HF947D0882E2D47E4BE6937E265DC0F7E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, shall evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the establishment of an isotope demonstration subprogram of the program established under paragraph (1) to support the development and commercial demonstration of critical radioactive and stable isotope production in existing commercial nuclear power plants. </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H321846103C1E4C1294B2E5B9C7AF4CAE"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Consultation</header><text>The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, shall consult with the Director of the Office of Science in carrying out the evaluation under subparagraph (A).</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H948C58D1C0AF4BBFBCE44BC8A57B8223"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Definition of critical radioactive and stable isotope</header><text>In this paragraph, the term <term>critical radioactive and stable isotope</term> has the meaning given the term in section 311(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H05FB945F22644CA0875751A74D2F4F82"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Radioisotope processing facility</header><paragraph id="H657B4B13DD4C458C94C31A6C2AA0828E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this subsection as <quote>the Secretary</quote>) shall construct a radioisotope processing facility to provide for the growing radiochemical processing capability needs associated with the production of critical radioactive isotopes authorized under section 311 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE670B39B951C46469DE0D2D8749097FE"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 311(e) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection—</text><subparagraph id="HBB1684D45C4D4421BB5FD524D43CD59B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$30,500,000 for fiscal year 2023; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAE61E332F37A42DE964CD4CCA06B74F6"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9397AE3D36B7464CABA8AF246CEEC815"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$105,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE5F9020932084E71A3EA4F89C7048171"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$83,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H64CC199DB75C4AE09340EE224BA4C49B"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$43,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. </text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF6A1A7E7EBEC4783B8425E2AD917B24E"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Stable isotope production and research center</header><paragraph id="H4831C3B83D22403C9FD1231322BA3400"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this subsection as <quote>the Secretary</quote>) shall establish a stable isotope production and research center—</text><subparagraph id="H27BAD993037F42DEB61CA0752A090BA2"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to expand the ability of the United States to perform multiple stable isotope production campaigns at large-scale production, as authorized under section 311 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H6B9E16762371423B823186B24F273C6A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to mitigate the dependence of the United States on foreign-produced stable isotopes; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA7FEC36B7C0148228B5D744578763E45"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to promote economic resilience; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD3E76F6307B64871B70CA20B2A76D884"><enum>(D)</enum><text>to conduct research and development on stable isotope production and associated methods and technology. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HB911BA9AC2A444ECBE71C71912533523"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 311(e) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection—</text><subparagraph id="H40AADFD09B56445290DD681D129A9202"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$74,400,000 for fiscal year 2023; </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA374BC6000ED4FD8BAFBED91A7AA7C54"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$46,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H75FAC0B7C41546CE95404298861C7A46"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$31,200,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE9A0A140FF1F4074AC08E82E46FA9D57"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$33,300,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H794AEE23653A4CA7AA83C9A20776F8E7"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$13,900,000 for fiscal year 2027. </text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H81DD43C814D44FEE80B382995AAF6914"><enum>10111.</enum><header>Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists</header><subsection id="HBC7D5651ACF4401898E7EEF72E09456F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18601">42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by adding after section 311 (as added by section 10110), the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HF7C8862AF91A427385C8B59E3EECA08E" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section id="H4FE08F0E24CA43F3A75E4D760660ADAD"><enum>312.</enum><header>Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Director shall support the development of a scientific workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration between and among teachers at elementary schools and secondary schools served by local educational agencies, students at institutions of higher education, early-career researchers, faculty at institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories, including through the use of proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the mission of the Office of Science.</text></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HA179F55ABFFD432CA0EE3B6413DFD9B2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 3169 of the Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7381e">42 U.S.C. 7381e</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HA0509C98DAB648D89491FDEC284267B8"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking <quote>There are</quote> and inserting <quote>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science of the Department of Energy in a fiscal year, there are</quote>; and</text></paragraph><paragraph display-inline="no-display-inline" commented="no" id="H6866AACB96F242A69AE585E53354BBA5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by striking <quote>fiscal year 1991</quote> and inserting <quote>each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027</quote>.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HCD0ACFA89DC54F0ABABAD1DE6DDC3EB1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Broadening participation in workforce development for teachers and scientists</header><paragraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H490FF041165545C6A85F873A2D24498E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act is amended by inserting after section 3167 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/7381c-1">42 U.S.C. 7381c–1</external-xref>) the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="H7E68E21DFF2B4BABABBD6BF75FE42F88" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section commented="no" id="HEDFAB0FD2F1F44F5A19679DC5130A51B"><enum>3167A.</enum><header>Broadening participation for teachers and scientists</header><subsection commented="no" id="H1857618E213F48C0844B1BF3E0D62338"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HB58D5FDCDCEB4A498199A55B5BBFB02E"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">expand opportunities to increase the number of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the Department; and </text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HEF05CBE853294591B48A1C56B0159C6C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>broaden the recruitment pool to increase participation from Historically Black Colleges or Universities (as defined in section 3167B(f)), Hispanic-serving institutions (as defined in that section), Tribal Colleges or Universities (as defined in that section), minority-serving institutions (as defined in that section), institutions in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in that section), emerging research institutions, community colleges, and scientific societies in those disciplines. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H53A26A11925C4D94B81A30F25E4294D5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Plan</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and make available to the public a plan for broadening participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in programs supported by the Department, including—</text><paragraph id="HC6C90225C74441EEBBB255936B46BDF4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a plan for supporting relevant Federal research award grantees and leveraging the National Science Foundation INCLUDES National Network and relevant partnerships, including partnerships maintained by other Federal research agencies; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEB22A8C5955247B9AAB4D8834AEB7ABA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>metrics for assessing the participation of underrepresented groups in programs supported by the Department;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H21359C1F18334FE0996EB1702C7F6FB0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>experienced and potential barriers to broadening participation of underrepresented groups in programs supported by the Department, including recommended solutions; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H143F40AE25A74C4D925415E217D161D5"><enum>(4)</enum><text>any other activities the Secretary determines appropriate.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H45EA9E07C0BB45EF838CDD16ED2E8C20"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 3169, not less than $2,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated each fiscal year for the activities described in this section.</text></subsection></section><section id="H95F71FF7DEC0458291024348171060DD"><enum>3167B.</enum><header>Expanding opportunities for highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals</header><subsection id="H388D7CDB1472429E9F9422FA841E9C53"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall—</text><paragraph id="H48D7898BB9BA4E1E89891850BC10EEEC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>expand opportunities and increase the number of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the Department; and </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HBC7652C2958F47DFAE6032DA33BBBF83"><enum>(2)</enum><text>broaden the recruitment pool to increase participation from and expand partnerships with Historically Black Colleges or Universities, Hispanic serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-serving institutions, institutions in eligible jurisdictions, emerging research institutions, community colleges, and scientific societies in those disciplines. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H6E9696367802496586C18997035392CC"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Plan and Outreach strategy</header><paragraph commented="no" id="HF3BA976FBE56465BB20C73E272174627"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Plan</header><subparagraph commented="no" id="H6734433DFF134CCF829F49A39BA98D28"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 10-year educational plan to fund and expand new or existing programs administered by the Office of Science and sited at the National Laboratories and Department user facilities to expand educational and workforce development opportunities for underrepresented individuals, including—</text><clause commented="no" id="H2B93FF1C4A7F4E249F2E4C2BCDA42D93"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">high school, undergraduate, and graduate students; and </text></clause><clause commented="no" id="H1E5A3D9DBF7347B389CD738326DD8BD8"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">recent graduates, teachers, and faculty in STEM fields.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H74C916B82EF84D688B16E58396BAB145"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The plan under subparagraph (A) may include paid internships, fellowships, temporary employment, training programs, visiting student and faculty programs, sabbaticals, and research support. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H2DB71BC3F10E4FE99854E24837CEA2BE"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Outreach capacity</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall include in the plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to improve the advertising, recruitment, and promotion of educational and workforce development programs to community colleges, Historically Black Colleges or Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-serving institutions, institutions in eligible jurisdictions, and emerging research institutions. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0AD94725B74A480092A9ADA6E40C4D45"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Building research capacity</header><paragraph id="H2D016D558170480F9DAA869DFA588B37"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall develop programs that strengthen the research capacity relevant to Office of Science disciplines at emerging research institutions, including minority-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, Historically Black Colleges or Universities, institutions in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A)</external-xref>)), institutions in communities with dislocated workers who were previously employed in manufacturing, energy production, including coal power plants, and mineral and material mining, and other institutions of higher education. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDFC05AD56A954ADB8CDCD02D4D3CBDD3"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Inclusions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The programs developed under paragraph (1) may include—</text><subparagraph id="HBEC23B50FFF34D338EBDACFABA554865"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">enabling mutually beneficial and jointly managed partnerships between research-intensive institutions and emerging research institutions; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCA26A2FB079C404790088342804E86B4"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">soliciting research proposals, fellowships, training programs, and research support directly from emerging research institutions.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H01E41C61BD634BC6A7A58B3917285DF7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Traineeships</header><paragraph id="H7BF13A7D6A204E59B777FD508328BDA9"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall establish a university-led Traineeship Program to address workforce development needs in STEM fields relevant to the Department. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H407D5563C69D4ED09179BE80D1066246"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Focus</header><text>The focus of the Traineeship Program established under paragraph (1) shall be on—</text><subparagraph id="HC1A4BC85D4AE4C0B968EE7CD4226E452"><enum>(A)</enum><text>supporting workforce development and research experiences for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2B4B80CB971041B1B212C6A7F5A5ACEC"><enum>(B)</enum><text>increasing participation from underrepresented populations. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HE581B18E97C3482A8EDB052D2DA99AC0"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Inclusion</header><text>The traineeships under the Traineeship Program established under paragraph (1) shall include opportunities to build the next-generation workforce in research areas critical to maintaining core competencies across the programs of the Office of Science.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H98D5F1CBE961492F8CB8A22519A72626"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Evaluation</header><paragraph id="HB5C481574E5349CB8D38C8BB0170E9A0"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall establish key performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of education and workforce programs and expand Departmental activities for data collection and analysis. </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H41D23D7249FB4DACB37C344F71DC318A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report summarizing progress toward meeting the key performance indicators established under paragraph (1). </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2208929FC9FE46D69ABB1929E4876F41"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section:</text><paragraph id="ida06a4f34edcb4332b288c93df603baa1"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Community college</header><text>The term <term>community college</term> means—</text><subparagraph id="idc6cfcb6b8b144fd1b8e53aa4a4f85371"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a public institution of higher education, including additional locations, at which the highest awarded degree, or the predominantly awarded degree, is an associate degree; or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idc903f8cb9c0e4c2a8cf3befacd4508a6"><enum>(B)</enum><text>any Tribal college or university. </text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id559882a9b93b47ebadf3119b2cce6b65"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Dislocated worker</header><text>The term <term>dislocated worker</term> has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/29/3102">29 U.S.C. 3102</external-xref>). </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEF9F938343554B57AF9D4566A24A0307"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Hispanic-serving institution</header><text>The term <quote>Hispanic-serving institution</quote> has the meaning given the term in section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1101a">20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4A89AA91789D445698C072B54176BAA7"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Historically Black College or University</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Historically Black College or University</term> has the meaning given the term <quote>part B institution</quote> in section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1061">20 U.S.C. 1061</external-xref>). </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H189C90AFD94C4F438E069E87C834F908"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Institution in an eligible jurisdiction</header><text>The term <term>institution in an eligible jurisdiction</term> means an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1001">20 U.S.C. 1001</external-xref>)) that is located in an eligible jurisdiction (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A)</external-xref>)). </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H83689E9EB31542B5A0432A5B5A5FA29E"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Minority-serving institution</header><text>The term <term>minority-serving institution</term> includes the entities described in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1067q">20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H965CC8765EF14CEC81EF8854889E82E0"><enum>(7)</enum><header>STEM</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>STEM</term> means the subjects listed in section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/6621">42 U.S.C. 6621</external-xref> note; <external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/114/59">Public Law 114–59</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H2617DB5C20EA4993A3AAC8C8BE4A1227"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Tribal College or University</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Tribal College or University</term> has the meaning given the term in section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1059c">20 U.S.C. 1059c(b)</external-xref>).</text></paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph id="H07471611D726466D902CAD3C36A6847A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Clerical amendment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The table of contents in section 2(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/101/510">Public Law 101–510</external-xref>; 104 Stat. 1497) is amended by striking the items relating to sections 3167 and 3168 and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HE14FC8E462BE43D7BB938E2323A07B81" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><toc changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><toc-entry level="section" idref="HEDFAB0FD2F1F44F5A19679DC5130A51B">Sec. 3167. Partnerships with historically Black colleges and universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, and tribal colleges.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" level="section">Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.</toc-entry><toc-entry level="section" idref="H95F71FF7DEC0458291024348171060DD">Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities for highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" level="section">Sec. 3168. Definitions.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" level="section">Sec. 3169. Authorization of appropriations.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HFE52EC0BD47840B5886775537E02C074"><enum>10112.</enum><header>High intensity laser research initiative; helium conservation program; Office of Science emerging biological threat preparedness research initiative; midscale instrumentation and research equipment program; authorization of appropriations</header><subsection id="H05CB864FBF704DD4B21533B98E7F70C7"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18601">42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.</external-xref>) (as amended by section 10111(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H55C8D8421F7646BB95559E5F80AAAA0C" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><section id="HA81850D884884F53AD63FD79E6F6B8DC"><enum>313.</enum><header>High intensity laser research initiative</header><subsection id="H1697D6BE79424E42949B33CE335C1903"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director shall establish a high intensity laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the National Academies report entitled <quote>Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light</quote> and the report from the Brightest Light Initiative workshop entitled <quote>The Future of Intense Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.</quote>. The initiative should include research and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery science and to advance energy technologies, as well as support for a user network of academic and National Laboratory high intensity laser facilities.</text></subsection><subsection id="H0902F2533D3845EABB64B4E249D78B18"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Leverage</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director shall leverage new laser technologies for more compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator systems needed for science applications.</text></subsection><subsection id="HBE080DCF438D4A45B6A0596CCD145690"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Coordination</header><paragraph id="H69EA62FDFE39402781DF3C848B4DE7A8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Director</header><text>The Director shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection (a) among all relevant programs within the Office of Science.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H6C406089090B40BF912EB9D3BDC49E24"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Under Secretary</header><text>The Under Secretary for Science shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection (a) with other relevant programs within the Department and other Federal agencies.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H3CE27109637649AA974258FF50B65068"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HF6EA091D837D48539B54ACDCFF613635"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H97D171620D634D1D8316696938CA13BA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H7FCFA44DCA2C45528526CD8848A76332"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD26C8B27A440488E91001CED92FE178D"><enum>(4)</enum><text>$200,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HB2141140F94740E9AFAD79FDB590B301"><enum>(5)</enum><text>$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HFD9C261D03464657BF21BC2069B9CD46"><enum>314.</enum><header>Helium conservation program</header><subsection id="H04DD0902BEB7434589B4EBF30C67D755"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall establish a program to reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant recipients and facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse. The program shall competitively award grants for—</text><paragraph id="HE3AE9E31063D47ECBAECA3C1B22C5F70"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and recycle helium;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HABFAAF3648B84B8189D27F8E2589FB83"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the installation, maintenance, and repair of new and existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling equipment; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC9F88A72663846F6AA7C5F9E6D76E854"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">helium alternatives research and development activities.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF6A0DE9C9FF34D70B4452405ED9593B9"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, and every 3 years thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the purchase of helium as part of research projects and facilities supported by the Department. The report shall include—</text><paragraph id="H44FDD5B2997641FE9DDB8A8F5E0A2CE4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the quantity of helium purchased for projects and facilities supported by Department grants;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H9103C83401634EC58E5120D5B50F80D8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a cost-analysis for such helium;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEDE7D35B0C0140C4B1E0A43140DEFF5B"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to the maximum extent practicable, information on whether such helium was imported from outside the United States, and if available, the country or region of the world from which the helium was imported; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H39976642E9F247A497ADC1C3420E668F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>expected or experienced impacts of helium supply shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities supported by the Department; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H18D0D394801F43C88AEB8057F49A4C3A"><enum>(5)</enum><text>recommendations for reducing Department grant recipients’ exposure to volatile helium prices and supply shortages.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H67F5A4388919455FB9F579940C4710A0"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>In carrying out the program under this section, the Director shall coordinate with the National Science Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on helium conservation activities.</text></subsection><subsection id="H4C1435DDCDA74EFFAFE2A83F5C7E8678"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Duration</header><text>The program established under this section shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.</text></subsection><subsection id="H49783C9799DD4DD68A6669DC4195E944"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Renewal</header><text>Upon expiration of any period of support of the program under this section, the Director may renew support for the program for a period of not more than 5 years.</text></subsection></section><section id="HBE5CBA508D5949F6AA9669D8B3AD1622"><enum>315.</enum><header>Office of Science Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative</header><subsection id="H93FD27B55D824B71AA3A40875819A6A1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall establish within the Office of Science a cross-cutting research initiative, to be known as the <quote>Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative</quote>, to leverage the innovative analytical resources and tools, user facilities, and advanced computational and networking capabilities of the Department in order to support efforts that prevent, prepare for, predict, and respond to biological threats to national security, including infectious diseases.</text></subsection><subsection id="H7E0A7890B9604ED89012272F6EDB31D7"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Competitive, merit-reviewed process</header><text>The Secretary shall carry out the initiative established under subsection (a) through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, industry partners and other appropriate entities. </text></subsection><subsection id="H2D99355329094FE7A804CB696ABAC5AD"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Activities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the initiative established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—</text><paragraph id="HDD49A1DC4A4C45388E462F8B923A8ECC"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">determine a comprehensive set of technical milestones for the research activities described in that subsection;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HA67DE2E2B465420BBBA753E18B06D589"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">prioritize the objectives of—</text><subparagraph id="H57C1322421D14EB3B7D00A076CAE84C3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>supporting fundamental research and development in advanced analytics, experimental studies, materials synthesis, and high-performance computing technologies needed in order to more quickly and effectively characterize, model, simulate, and predict complex natural phenomena and biological materials related to emerging biological threats;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idb7df14814a534119a0790ea50d06158c"><enum>(B)</enum><text>supporting the development of tools that inform epidemiological modeling, and applying artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other computing tools to accelerate such processes;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H315094DD824F46ECA39F68B9CB593BE1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>supporting research and capabilities that enhance understanding and modeling of the transport of pathogens in indoor and outdoor air and water environments;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H45A83DE34EC148FA8169DAD831956D56"><enum>(D)</enum><text>identifying priority research opportunities and capabilities for molecular design and modeling for medical countermeasures;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCB9179BF78324F13B51050E5EF698E87"><enum>(E)</enum><text>ensuring that new experimental and computational tools are accessible to relevant research communities, including private sector entities and other Federal research institutions; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE8AD655917DC4C298E5F1DDEE523F199"><enum>(F)</enum><text>supporting activities and projects that combine computational modeling and simulation with experimental research facilities and studies;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0AC00E4D8A6F4D1BB4727D9C34182783"><enum>(3)</enum><text>leverage the research infrastructure of the Department, including scientific computing user facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering facilities, nanoscale science research centers, and sequencing and biocharacterization facilities;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H70145953CEBF432AB8857104D3517ABE"><enum>(4)</enum><text>leverage experience from existing modeling and simulation research and work sponsored by the Department and promote collaboration and data sharing between National Laboratories, research entities, and user facilities of the Department by providing necessary access and secure data transfer capabilities; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDDB97B26BA144B768A3F3BEAA286DF69"><enum>(5)</enum><text>ensure that new experimental and computational tools are accessible to relevant research communities, including private sector entities, to address emerging biological threats. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE5E5D319F7CF415186343CE9298FB0EB"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the initiative established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate activities with—</text><paragraph id="HD169D15C5DAF46A3B514965278AB29F0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>other relevant offices of the Department;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H92173B91BB49413E8E466E4B78D528F5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the National Nuclear Security Administration;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HED36E4DDD90E4FE0B074B8AB4473320A"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the National Laboratories;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H92DA39C94CD247299AD946BBA8425E98"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the Director of the National Science Foundation;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HB1853D31A23849CAA8A9FC3EBA52087A"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1151150669FB48EAAFE4D8F81582BE36"><enum>(6)</enum><text>the Director of the National Institutes of Health;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="id32a276363bdc414696a04a8d54d39e00"><enum>(7)</enum><text>the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="H265295B74C9B4503AD81CD561E206A95"><enum>(8)</enum><text>the heads of other relevant Federal agencies; </text></paragraph><paragraph id="HEFEC22B7D13C479BBFA30EE8BC79E22F"><enum>(9)</enum><text>institutions of higher education; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC61786EF5DEE4B8386ED9489AB255425"><enum>(10)</enum><text>the private sector. </text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H52BD84E6091341F3A8C35BBAF8BB721E"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Infectious diseases high performance computing research consortium</header><paragraph id="H64DE56FB074B40A7A12646F97185B737"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall establish and operate an Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing Research Consortium (referred to in this section as the ‘Consortium’), to support the initiative established under subsection (a) by providing, to the extent practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, emerging infectious disease and biosecurity research and development through high performance computing and advanced data analytics technologies and processes, in conjunction with the experimental research facilities and studies supported by the Department.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H5765343C77DB4D4E80B961D4694CAF67"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Membership</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The members of the Consortium may include representatives from relevant Federal agencies, the National Laboratories, the private sector, and institutions of higher education, which can each contribute relevant compute time, capabilities, or other resources.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HE2904F79E8114B139C1421D56B7796E8"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Activities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Consortium shall—</text><subparagraph id="HA6B48EA4FC144FB08421B93041DFEE85"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">match applicants with available Federal and private sector computing resources;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H386E614AFFAD4DA999532DAFE05E4977"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">consider supplemental awards for computing partnerships with Consortium members to qualifying entities on a competitive merit-review basis;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H30E3FF9B811A448D8F041330B36A694F"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">encourage collaboration and communication among member representatives of the Consortium and awardees;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF31D87F9B20044A1959CCC5534D07570"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide access to the high-performance computing capabilities, expertise, and user facilities of the Department and the National Laboratories; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB7FE20770BF1420D806352682608ACDA"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">submit an annual report to the Secretary summarizing the activities of the Consortium, including—</text><clause id="HCBF3E8E78F024632A8613B8C273F4D33"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describing each project undertaken by the Consortium;</text></clause><clause id="H6BD854E3AA6D4022BED82D2D82DAD873"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">detailing organizational expenditures; and</text></clause><clause id="HC869F034D4FB4E02A17AD12B029CFB29"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">evaluating contributions to the achievement of technical milestones as determined in subsection (a).</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4C52916515314420BDFA3524F8D27893"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of the Consortium with the activities of other research entities of the Department, other Federal research institutions, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H51E2ED7B0D884FFA9C808CFD8AD737FD"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, a report detailing the effectiveness of— </text><paragraph id="HAC2650AB90F14F2D877FB6658BBEE80A"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the interagency coordination among each Federal agency involved in the initiative established under subsection (a);</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H83590B7B5A8447F689D5AFA8D5D4D8AB"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the collaborative research achievements of that initiative, including the achievement of the technical milestones determined under that subsection; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="HDB44D79CF4284F18B06492C4B5E7B071"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">potential opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the Department.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HED5CCA233C0948EFBE3FF053D42D084F"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.</text></subsection></section><section id="H6DF3BD9B10FF455DA54787A398138D62"><enum>316.</enum><header>Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program</header><subsection id="HA4E1E7BE87194EF1A9EBF1BCE1909126"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall establish a midscale instrumentation and research equipment program to develop, acquire, and commercialize research instrumentation and equipment needed to meet the missions of the Department and to provide platform technologies for the broader scientific community.</text></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H946B89C895C94D539A7B015F9FD87453"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Activities</header><text>Under the program established under subsection (a), the Director shall—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H8FC2D808E4F5467AA26E0604D96311E5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>enable the development and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments that—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="HC9451B8971744D2F9FB93C83CD4BC3AB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>range in cost from $1,000,000 to $20,000,000 each; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HF8D1C45E891A4F0F8E0AA05A4BD3D577"><enum>(B)</enum><text>would significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user facilities; and</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H6580215447964ACBB2AB483C5129DFA6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>strongly encourage partnerships among—</text><subparagraph commented="no" id="H36E899BF1B5F464A96664D87D87040EE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>National Laboratories;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD4EB34DC2A1E48189AAA831C579F22C0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>user facilities; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H5025EB98968B4C418BB7604D6F1AC1BF"><enum>(C)</enum><clause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H3B1C6D7DFD2D4B33ADAFAC7B0CE2800B"><enum>(i)</enum><text>institutions in a State receiving funding under the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research established under section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)</external-xref>);</text></clause><clause commented="no" id="HDD264E788D864D57976522223C844448" indent="up1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>historically Black colleges or universities;</text></clause><clause commented="no" indent="up1" id="H835D9DBF5E5B4C379555CD0767625BA9"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>minority-serving institutions of higher education; or</text></clause><clause commented="no" indent="up1" id="H8495DEB78FEC4C5282015551C6344305"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>institutions of higher education in a rural area.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HED3FF97BB09A43DCA91C42B0CF34552F"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Coordination with other programs</header><text>The Director shall coordinate the program established under subsection (a) with all other programs carried out by the Office of Science of the Department. </text></subsection><subsection id="H7F8D05AA7CD34605B85C5B79EB855958"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Research equipment and technology development coordination</header><text>The Director shall encourage coordination among the Office of Science, the National Laboratories, the Office of Technology Transitions, and relevant academic and private sector entities to identify, disseminate, and commercialize research instruments, equipment, and related technologies developed to aid basic science research discoveries that meet the mission of the Department.</text></subsection><subsection id="H216F2BDD57364FBCA24FBD3174DF05D9"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $150,000,000 for each of fiscals years 2023 through 2027. </text></subsection></section><section id="H44B7A4B40CA549898AA26EA019875949"><enum>317.</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this title—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="H56273DF808184270ACFC1623AF4D1813"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$8,902,392,400 for fiscal year 2023; </text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H026FEDDC94984BD5B71377E2E83D2890"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$9,541,895,744 for fiscal year 2024;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H98E3813D10FA4B53A7200632CF551BE9"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$10,068,198,994 for fiscal year 2025;</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE1B53612513A46008E6A8ED5CDD14D49"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$10,468,916,520 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HE02B95AFCF754379967A153B57575CA6"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$10,831,342,317 for fiscal year 2027.</text></paragraph></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H322CFA991D8C46AE8CD75AE7C0CFF5E6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Table of contents</header><text>Section 1(b) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of contents by inserting after the item relating to section 309 the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" id="HB69D58B957794535B3F4F55A52B7A6F6" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><toc changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><toc-entry level="section" idref="HF6AB3D254F824F40A092DE07B6DE4788">Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section">Sec. 311. Isotope research, development, and production. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section" idref="H4FE08F0E24CA43F3A75E4D760660ADAD">Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section" idref="HA81850D884884F53AD63FD79E6F6B8DC">Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section" idref="HFD9C261D03464657BF21BC2069B9CD46">Sec. 314. Helium conservation program. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section" idref="HBE5CBA508D5949F6AA9669D8B3AD1622">Sec. 315. Office of Science Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative. </toc-entry><toc-entry level="section">Sec. 316. Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program.</toc-entry><toc-entry bold="off" level="section">Sec. 317. Authorization of appropriations.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection></section><section id="HDB60F30A12A94C2E8B74B6725855FA31"><enum>10113.</enum><header>Established program to stimulate competitive research</header><subsection id="HE6AD53507AD94E1BB617E5275B7FE7DF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Research areas</header><text>Section 2203(b)(3)(E) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(E)</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph id="HFF6D5548CCA649549B95A67EB10B9AC8"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in the subparagraph heading, by striking <quote><header-in-text style="OLC" level="subparagraph">in areas of applied energy research, environmental management, and basic science</header-in-text></quote>;</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H4EDF5D47415C49F583C2329FD75D089F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in clause (i)—</text><subparagraph id="H9FFD4269461245D391C5227B02CC602D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in subclause (I), by inserting <quote>nuclear energy,</quote> before <quote>and</quote>; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFF6F5DE271C44A088CFC8A9A1A7D6D5E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by striking subclause (V) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HFC826A8F932040F995320276B65F4D80" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subclause id="HFBC84BF409E0497FB93B101C7310F0D7"><enum>(V)</enum><text>scientific research, including—</text><item id="H8D2012323B644CD889F06F8490542C88"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>advanced scientific computing research;</text></item><item id="H6D567942309846B9810B8EB5E395DFA7"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>basic energy sciences;</text></item><item id="H4A8345A4832C47B49F3CDC0FDA6C188C"><enum>(cc)</enum><text>biological and environmental research;</text></item><item id="HE4F2EE3BB85944ECA37858F3162E5186"><enum>(dd)</enum><text>fusion energy sciences;</text></item><item id="H5D8A827CA8154517BBB7F08C4CE533E1"><enum>(ee)</enum><text>high energy physics;</text></item><item id="H677DCDAFC57C4D859D7F0DD7ABA36848"><enum>(ff)</enum><text>nuclear physics;</text></item><item id="HDBECBBD754464BC98B83A5A15AF24F45"><enum>(gg)</enum><text>isotope research, development, and production;</text></item><item id="HBAF489AAC9BD45FA82057268BD04E84D"><enum>(hh)</enum><text>accelerator research, development, and production; and</text></item><item id="H0140E26A22BB472DBFC6A36A627F4F3F"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>other areas of research funded by the Office of Science, as determined by the Secretary.</text></item></subclause><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HAE82AC3B2EA9496DBC345ED443A528C0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>in clause (ii)—</text><subparagraph id="H7F1CFFB1DC5E412098CD2232B666AFCC"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in subclause (II), by striking <quote>graduate</quote> and inserting <quote>undergraduate scholarships, graduate fellowships, and</quote>;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H92C7338CDC90466FBA94A145319CEFC0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in subclause (III), by striking <quote>; and</quote> and inserting <quote>and staff;</quote>;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA6CA13BDB4674E61A37D4D1FB7B2215E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>in subclause (IV)—</text><clause id="HF100D95A3CA147169C6926C86BC8E3BE"><enum>(i)</enum><text>by striking <quote>biennial</quote> and inserting <quote>annual</quote>; and</text></clause><clause id="H97B443B2917C4F508772A3F8CFD8E57F"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF63BEAEE0E0848808ABCC6B3B71BDD81"><enum>(D)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HE176020B070A45B785219BAD071CB234" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subclause id="HB4F9BA30B684430A9BCC96EDD27AAC13"><enum>(V)</enum><text>to develop research clusters for particular areas of expertise; and</text></subclause><subclause id="HE9953B4C3DBA445685A18EA27F740457"><enum>(VI)</enum><text>to diversify the future workforce.</text></subclause><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5A54131CC78C4E05939B64407712BBFF"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Research capability enhancement</header><text>Section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)</external-xref>) is amended by striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H55C207C4816B41F88FC85E85A19B5A22" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph id="H7264F73FD71E4247BAECBC677EA8C82A"><enum>(F)</enum><header>Research capability enhancement</header><clause id="H4A31D8C068D643BEA37416A12888C2B7"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Scholarships and fellowships</header><subclause id="H40A3EF8F343849C2AB78665FD3FCEFAD"><enum>(I)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Pursuant to subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary shall award grants to institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions for those institutions of higher education to provide scholarships and fellowships. </text></subclause><subclause id="H8B63B834BD184F74AA4B1E0A2F9A3052"><enum>(II)</enum><header>Grant</header><text>A scholarship or fellowship awarded by an institution of higher education in an eligible jurisdiction using a grant provided under subclause (I)—</text><item id="H2947E41C87D04A10AFC16421DE0F5F7C"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>in the case of an undergraduate scholarship—</text><subitem id="H65FD7B72BD624243B82C5EC58CCF1938"><enum>(AA)</enum><text>shall be for a period of 1 year; and</text></subitem><subitem id="HD522616AC7E748C8AFE8777CC8556F10"><enum>(BB)</enum><text>may be competitively renewable on an annual basis; and </text></subitem></item><item id="HAE828C6EBDDE4C9E8A66B45CD07BFF72"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>in the case of a graduate level fellowship, shall be for a period of not more than 5 years.</text></item></subclause></clause><clause id="H17CAE823F2A748C6B1FDB55706B4DF2C"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Early career capacity development</header><subclause id="HC9ADECD9DB484B2BA182171BD2499706"><enum>(I)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Pursuant to subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary shall award grants to early career faculty and staff at institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions—</text><item id="H99666CD8969446FCB2EBA0B9D0D37F0E" commented="no"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>to support investigator-initiated research, including associated research equipment and instrumentation; </text></item><item id="H9FE261D921CD4DFC9F66F3FFB758B86F"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>to support activities associated with identifying and responding to funding opportunities;</text></item><item id="HE15F87225C78453B848AA0ED39083B0C"><enum>(cc)</enum><text>to secure technical assistance for the pursuit of funding opportunities; and</text></item><item id="H48055003D8F341249A0DFEB5E2CB4A86"><enum>(dd)</enum><text>to develop and enhance collaboration among National Laboratories, Department of Energy programs, the private sector, and other relevant entities. </text></item></subclause><subclause id="H8AEF80626A3C455B9330B07B90224F06"><enum>(II)</enum><header>Grants</header><text>A grant awarded under subclause (I) shall be—</text><item id="H66DFA6FE85044C52B7C3BE0D41C337E0"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>for a period of not more than 5 years; and</text></item><item id="HCC5035DF9BD542AA9B8DD95F589E58D0"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>competitively renewable for an additional 5-year period.</text></item></subclause></clause><clause id="H9591C27A884E49F5B0A2D36ED9F68110"><enum>(iii)</enum><header>Research capacity development</header><subclause id="H21142A109F7248C48631DC5A6BF20CC7"><enum>(I)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Pursuant to subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary shall award competitive grants to institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions for research capacity development and implementation, including—</text><item id="H366B0572854C4004948D20D7DBBFA4EB"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>developing expertise in key technology areas, including associated equipment and instrumentation;</text></item><item id="H3D3EEE5600B94E1C85C5024D8EB419C2"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>developing and acquiring novel, state-of-the-art instruments and equipment that range in cost from $500,000 to $20,000,000;</text></item><item id="H384A7466C3FA4BDE86C450A4AED94469"><enum>(cc)</enum><text>enhancing collaboration with National Laboratories, the Department of Energy, and the private sector through faculty or staff placement programs; and</text></item><item id="H4606133AFACE4D78A7F639209FE92661"><enum>(dd)</enum><text>supporting formal partnership programs with institutions of higher education and National Laboratories. </text></item></subclause><subclause id="H282C059F215E43F3801A493D09619FB6"><enum>(II)</enum><header>Grants</header><text>A grant awarded under subclause (I) shall be—</text><item id="HE0CBA72817E54611A325C87EE3EB1016"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>for a period of not more than 5 years; and</text></item><item id="HD880D50B26954A28A73E2307B63FD242"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>renewable for an additional 5-year period.</text></item></subclause><subclause id="HA669C60E3BE74DB0B7B9A9DF65CE62F8"><enum>(III)</enum><header>Equipment and instrumentation</header><text>To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall ensure that research equipment and instrumentation developed or acquired pursuant to a grant awarded under subclause (I) may sustain continued operation and be maintained without the need for additional or subsequent funding under this section.</text></subclause></clause></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="HB16E8998D5E14614B8883211603B2E00"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Program implementation update</header><text>Section 2203(b)(3)(G) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(G)</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following: </text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HAAF6F8198AD84481B33C6E664B699EEF" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><clause id="HD96B17F631A14422A2C6E0A48BEB0F47"><enum>(iii)</enum><header>Update</header><text>Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall—</text><subclause id="H24CA1E34A7BA441598920E02D31337A5"><enum>(I)</enum><text>update the plan submitted under clause (i); and</text></subclause><subclause id="HD682F8C1D0B34DD7B1881BC500E31DA5"><enum>(II)</enum><text>submit the updated plan to the committees described in that clause.</text></subclause></clause><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H680DFD1608B348D79FD17FEEDDCDFC12"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Program evaluation report</header><text>Section 2203(b)(3)(H) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(H)</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HB2E0FEFF251E48F39692588EE4E2EDCC" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><clause id="H203C16AEDA184747A1BEF8FB9F7E7FBF"><enum>(iv)</enum><header>Annual report</header><text>At the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes—</text><subclause id="HDD31EE6FE0DA4F1A975513E65150DAE0"><enum>(I)</enum><text>the total amount of expenditures made by the Department to carry out EPSCoR in each eligible jurisdiction for each of the 3 most recent fiscal years for which such information is available;</text></subclause><subclause id="H520954D3B98743EAA19D0B01D58B6641"><enum>(II)</enum><item commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H9AEB86B607234C3D95E6D924C093608A"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>the number of EPSCoR awards made to institutions of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions; and</text></item><item indent="up1" id="HDF79487C47974741B256CA545C6217DD"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>the amount and type of each award;</text></item></subclause><subclause id="H40A4AF69500E430C96937A8748052449"><enum>(III)</enum><text>the number of awards that are not EPSCoR awards made by the Secretary to institutions of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions;</text></subclause><subclause id="H8B421A12F4164A579714AF9FA56233B6"><enum>(IV)</enum><item commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HB8FA084AECC34F49B705A3EB915BC2C2"><enum>(aa)</enum><text>the number of representatives of institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions serving on each Office of Science advisory committee; and</text></item><item indent="up1" id="H690059ABD01D41F49D15F7254D6F01AF"><enum>(bb)</enum><text>for each such advisory committee, the percentage of committee membership that those individuals constitute; and</text></item></subclause><subclause id="HDC07E1718B8145938817618DF5AC68D3"><enum>(V)</enum><text>the number of individuals from institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions serving on peer review committees.</text></subclause></clause><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H17B71B334E5446FD9949074B7A0EE945"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>Section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H2E46E5CAF5DC49EFBB27E67EF8B4CA68" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><subparagraph id="HB36C6E8C593D41468E091FEBA52D6323"><enum>(I)</enum><header>Funding</header><clause id="H0F9B397597AB43698F4AB9E575D1864D"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out EPSCoR, to remain available until expended—</text><subclause id="H00FD33CFF0B54693997706BEE7AE203B"><enum>(I)</enum><text>$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;</text></subclause><subclause id="H1B830C2F30A34EB1856B9568CDF0BA43"><enum>(II)</enum><text>$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;</text></subclause><subclause id="HCE202D617E2E435AAA3AE3D6162E877B"><enum>(III)</enum><text>$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;</text></subclause><subclause id="H2BCCC73250F6474DAF9FB38D93DDBACF"><enum>(IV)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and</text></subclause><subclause id="H3FEB4AB36C14400EA0F0DC43B8ABDE30"><enum>(V)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.</text></subclause></clause><clause id="HC62DD79C59144AACB6697F8657577B6D"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Grants to consortia</header><text>In the case of an EPSCoR grant awarded to a consortium that contains institutions of higher education that are not located in eligible jurisdictions, the Secretary may count—</text><subclause id="HCF7A7A65AD014B74840269422378B130"><enum>(I)</enum><text>the full amount of funds expended to provide the grant towards meeting the funding requirement in clause (iii) if the lead entity of the consortium is an institution of higher education located in an eligible jurisdiction; and</text></subclause><subclause id="HFA079DB9CCC6463CBA3B127CD764D313"><enum>(II)</enum><text>only the funds provided to institutions of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions towards meeting the funding requirement in clause (iii) if the lead entity of the consortium is an institution of higher education that is not located in an eligible jurisdiction.</text></subclause></clause><clause id="H87C3EE93E7004BB2BD1F6EF10E43BF9B"><enum>(iii)</enum><header>Additional funds for eligible jurisdictions</header><text>In addition to funds authorized to be appropriated under clause (i), the Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable while maintaining the competitive, merit-based award processes of the Office of Science, shall ensure that, of the research and development funds of the Office of Science that are awarded by the Secretary each year to institutions of higher education, not less than 10 percent is awarded to institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions pursuant to the evaluation and selection criteria in section 605.10 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).</text></clause><clause id="H29D259566D4B49D8949EBB66E5DE3672"><enum>(iv)</enum><header>Additional funds for equipment and instrumentation</header><text>In addition to funds authorized to be appropriated under clause (i), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to award grants under subparagraph (F)(iii)(I) for the purpose described in item (bb) of that subparagraph $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027, to remain available until expended.</text></clause><clause id="H1EF21F894B1E4948A44657E8C4A59462"><enum>(v)</enum><header>Accounting</header><text>To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall ensure that each program within the Department of Energy that endorses an EPSCoR grant awardee shall contribute funding to the award to acknowledge the research benefits to the mission of that program.</text></clause></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></subsection><subsection id="H1F72613451DF4D8CAEB5EA2DA67230B5"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Advisory committees to the Office of Science</header><text>In order to improve the advice and guidance provided to the Office of Science, the Undersecretary for Science shall seek to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, the robust participation of institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/20/1001">20 U.S.C. 1001</external-xref>)) located in eligible jurisdictions (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A)</external-xref>)) on the Office of Science Federal Advisory Committee.</text></subsection><subsection id="HFEAA5311A04A4055865A74289E56C5BE" commented="no"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Technical amendments</header><text>Section 2203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13503">42 U.S.C. 13503(b)</external-xref>) is amended—</text><paragraph commented="no" id="HAB298D9063F5471B9687626AEDE3B428"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in paragraph (1), by striking <quote>(1) The Secretary</quote> and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H2CF294B9226D4C35AE58DFFE77DDFEBD" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph commented="no" id="HB11654792A7D42D49551B15813A2EDD6"><enum>(1)</enum><header>University research reactors</header><text>The Secretary</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H52433D58BC344250A7A724DE2AFA4F28"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in paragraph (2), by striking <quote>(2) The Secretary</quote> and inserting the following:</text><quoted-block style="OLC" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HAF172DB672B044028C834F9469B68A81" changed="added" reported-display-style="italic"><paragraph commented="no" id="H068EAD08D2B84A6C8262D96039515D8C"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Method to evaluate effectiveness of education programs</header><text>The Secretary</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H9FD6F7AF176E4F0FA3ADC0CB1444681E"><enum>10114.</enum><header>Research security</header><subsection id="H5FF140536E0841DA8540B3179FE60A4C"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In this section:</text><paragraph id="H4CF4F315457240AE947FF608EEDB42DB"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Country of risk</header><subparagraph id="H9D5754F2DA634C16B94CC81922FC2FB4"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The term <term>country of risk</term> means a foreign country determined by the Secretary, in accordance with subparagraph (B), to present a risk of theft of United States intellectual property or a threat to the national security of the United States if nationals of the country, or entities owned or controlled by the country or nationals of the country, participate in any research, development, demonstration, or deployment activity authorized under this division or division A or an amendment made by this division or division A.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCEE10CAE9835432EA1E26C533ADC28DA"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Determination</header><text>In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, shall take into consideration—</text><clause id="HED45732658374BA1BFF988B14EB4B4F8"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the most recent World Wide Threat Assessment of the United States Intelligence Community, prepared by the Director of National Intelligence; and</text></clause><clause id="HAF4BE4D1B5F845F18D4086506FE02AD4"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the most recent National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States.</text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H98561A56ED374BABB00F5E4EF283E6C7"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Covered support</header><text>The term <quote>covered support</quote> means any grant, contract, subcontract, award, loan, program, support, or other activity authorized under this division or division A, or an amendment made by this division or division A.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3C454634CDE540C29554AB9BA133D2DC"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Entity of concern</header><text>The term <quote>entity of concern</quote> means any entity, including a national, that is—</text><subparagraph id="H9F454840C66546F8AD0BE553855D4294"><enum>(A)</enum><text>identified under section 1237(b) of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/50/1701">50 U.S.C. 1701</external-xref> note; <external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/105/261">Public Law 105–261</external-xref>);</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5531D44B5766482498C53E05CC106C24"><enum>(B)</enum><text>identified under section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/10/113">10 U.S.C. 113</external-xref> note; <external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/116/283">Public Law 116–283</external-xref>);</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0DD40C972ABC4846BF9E506204F4DEAE"><enum>(C)</enum><text>on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce and set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H28EE4BB9CB204E3D854EBA906B73DB69"><enum>(D)</enum><text>included in the list required by section 9(b)(3) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/116/145">Public Law 116–145</external-xref>; 134 Stat. 656); or</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H582351E69515452AB1ADA1CDCFF8F8F8"><enum>(E)</enum><text>identified by the Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence and the applicable office that would provide, or is providing, covered support, as posing an unmanageable threat—</text><clause id="H8CD52220829C4DA9AFAC90550228B57B"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to the national security of the United States; or</text></clause><clause id="H03FF9EC3A6CE4978B9EEE62EBACF9CB9" commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>of theft or loss of United States intellectual property. </text></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HE0A0AC173848475298DEE43C9E5845F2"><enum>(4)</enum><header>National</header><text>The term <term>national</term> has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/8/1101">8 U.S.C. 1101</external-xref>).</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H3A3ABDC8787747E181F93C9F82ED5FB9"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Secretary</header><text>The term <term>Secretary</term> means the Secretary of Energy.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H39DE9CDED44746FAADA6DAD9FAE27C1C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Science and technology risk assessment</header><paragraph id="H4D594FFB41B54C1EB6C290D4EE878CAE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary shall develop and maintain tools and processes to manage and mitigate research security risks, such as a science and technology risk matrix, informed by threats identified by the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, to facilitate determinations of the risk of loss of United States intellectual property or threat to the national security of the United States posed by activities carried out under any covered support.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H1E8AD0CBB0F34E8990CEF2BCACA4620A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Content and implementation</header><text>In developing and using the tools and processes developed under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—</text><subparagraph id="H08F2923EAF7B460898587F63E963C213"><enum>(A)</enum><text>deploy risk-based approaches to evaluating, awarding, and managing certain research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities, including designations that will indicate the relative risk of activities;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB7E85700FF6241979BF0EB8B3FA37C6D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>assess, to the extent practicable, ongoing high-risk activities;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB148979AE71B460A8258BDF2955BB409"><enum>(C)</enum><text>designate an officer or employee of the Department of Energy to be responsible for tracking and notifying recipients of any covered support of unmanageable threats to United States national security or of theft or loss of United States intellectual property posed by an entity of concern;</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H26AE888094CD40E8A4C550414C0DF4E5"><enum>(D)</enum><text>consider requiring recipients of covered support to implement additional research security mitigations for higher-risk activities if appropriate; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H947FE5648E154405BD95400B0F413688"><enum>(E)</enum><text>support the development of research security training for recipients of covered support on the risks posed by entities of concern.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4C8CC8F4787A42779ABBD4CFF7ACFBFB"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Annual updates</header><text>The tools and processes developed under paragraph (1) shall be evaluated annually and updated as needed, with threat-informed input from the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, to reflect changes in the risk designation under paragraph (2)(A) of research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities conducted by the Department.</text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H97EAE158DAB54883866E0B6493D70A86"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Entity of concern</header><paragraph id="HB64430B4C86D458C8E349F243C7C4AC8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text>Except as provided in paragraph (2), no entity of concern, or individual that owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with an entity of concern, may receive, or perform work under, any covered support.</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H120911C33B914653B95F0AEEB88BAC70"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Waiver of prohibition</header><subparagraph id="H444121340C8346AD985FD6717C35370A"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary may waive the prohibition under paragraph (1) if determined by the Secretary to be in the national interest.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4046F0B1A4B54715B3CE9A7696C4BA94"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Notification to congress</header><text>Not less than 2 weeks prior to issuing a waiver under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives of the intent to issue the waiver, including a justification for the waiver.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0840B7F48D3C4E14A6984CF5A592944A"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Penalty</header><subparagraph id="HA7567B2104BF4104A2C46525597346A8"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Termination of support</header><text>On finding that any entity of concern or individual described in paragraph (1) has received covered support and has not received a waiver under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall terminate all covered support to that entity of concern or individual, as applicable.</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7CCC88C77F0F4166B58B6E60C4344E4F"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Penalties</header><text>An entity of concern or individual identified under subparagraph (A) shall be—</text><clause id="H3E06AB0AB8D14689BFE11BFD08E7B54A"><enum>(i)</enum><text>prohibited from receiving or participating in covered support for a period of not less than 1 year but not more than 10 years, as determined by the Secretary; or</text></clause><clause id="H5FAB0885C6144F18A860A310D814386A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>instead of the penalty described in clause (i), subject to any other penalties authorized under applicable law or regulations that the Secretary determines to be in the national interest.</text></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFE5D5F9BB54248B8B8B753EE60483D83"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Notification to Congress</header><text>Prior to imposing a penalty under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives of the intent to impose the penalty, including a description of and justification for the penalty.</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HAA647E1AD6E14F529E5B25464D2BF442"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>The Secretary shall—</text><subparagraph id="H12EB99CFB47F4D358C77F741B360F0E1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>share information about the unmanageable threats described in subsection (a)(3)(E) with other Federal agencies; and </text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEE213D4C2F454B3DA1695C469752AA7D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>develop consistent approaches to identifying entities of concern.</text></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2C3BEFACDDA048EBA707CF6AF0053301"><enum>(d)</enum><header>International agreements</header><text>This section shall be applied in a manner consistent with the obligations of the United States under international agreements.</text></subsection><subsection id="H7C13F2C1E45F4C8CBB40E87D8391EDC1"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Report required</header><text>Not later than 240 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that—</text><paragraph id="HCC39A7A17A594203AD6558FD501061B0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>describes—</text><subparagraph id="HC3F41D75B64D49029BA811AED015129D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the tools and processes developed under subsection (b)(1) and any updates to those tools and processes; and</text></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H330207448471447CB480D236E1595F01"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if applicable, the science and technology risk matrix developed under that subsection and how that matrix has been applied;</text></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H064EE81DBA2D43A5BF6CD4278F66429D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>includes a mitigation plan for managing risks posed by countries of risk with respect to future or ongoing research and development activities of the Department of Energy; and</text></paragraph><paragraph id="H239C9F3A06064230951C73C82466CE68"><enum>(3)</enum><text>defines critical research areas, designated by risk, as determined by the Secretary. </text></paragraph></subsection></section>

109 HR 4346 EAS2: CHIPS Act of 2022 U.S. House of Representatives 2022-07-27 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

117th CONGRESS2d Session

H.R. 4346

In the Senate of the United States,

July 27, 2022.

Senate Amendment to House Amendment to Senate Amendment:

That the Senate agree to the amendment of the House to the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 4346) entitled An Act making appropriations for Legislative Branch for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes. , do pass with the following

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the amendment of the House to the amendment of the Senate, insert the following:

Table of contents

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Table of contents.

Sec. 2. References.

DIVISION A—CHIPS Act of 2022

Sec. 101. Short title.

Sec. 102. Creating helpful incentives to produce semiconductors (CHIPS) for America fund.

Sec. 103. Semiconductor incentives.

Sec. 104. Opportunity and inclusion.

Sec. 105. Additional GAO reporting requirements.

Sec. 106. Appropriations for wireless supply chain innovation.

Sec. 107. Advanced manufacturing investment credit.

DIVISION B—Research and Innovation

Sec. 10000. Table of contents.

Sec. 10001. Short title.

Sec. 10002. Definitions.

Sec. 10003. Budgetary effects.

TITLE I—Department of Energy Science for the Future

Sec. 10101. Mission of the Office of Science.

Sec. 10102. Basic energy sciences program.

Sec. 10103. Biological and environmental research.

Sec. 10104. Advanced scientific computing research program.

Sec. 10105. Fusion energy research.

Sec. 10106. High energy physics program.

Sec. 10107. Nuclear physics program.

Sec. 10108. Science laboratories infrastructure program.

Sec. 10109. Accelerator research and development.

Sec. 10110. Isotope research, development, and production.

Sec. 10111. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.

Sec. 10112. High intensity laser research initiative; helium conservation program; Office of Science emerging biological threat preparedness research initiative; midscale instrumentation and research equipment program; authorization of appropriations.

Sec. 10113. Established program to stimulate competitive research.

Sec. 10114. Research security.

TITLE II—National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Future

Sec. 10201. Definitions.

Subtitle A—Authorization of appropriations

Sec. 10211. Authorization of appropriations.

Subtitle B—Measurement Research

Sec. 10221. Engineering biology and biometrology.

Sec. 10222. Greenhouse gas measurement research.

Sec. 10223. NIST authority for cybersecurity and privacy activities.

Sec. 10224. Software security and authentication.

Sec. 10225. Digital identity management research.

Sec. 10226. Biometrics research and testing.

Sec. 10227. Federal biometric performance standards.

Sec. 10228. Protecting research from cybersecurity theft.

Sec. 10229. Dissemination of resources for research institutions.

Sec. 10230. Advanced communications research.

Sec. 10231. Neutron scattering.

Sec. 10232. Artificial intelligence.

Sec. 10233. Sustainable chemistry research and education.

Sec. 10234. Premise plumbing research.

Sec. 10235. Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity Education Grant Program.

Subtitle C—General Activities

Sec. 10241. Educational outreach and support for underrepresented communities.

Sec. 10242. Other transactions authority.

Sec. 10243. Report to Congress on collaborations with government agencies.

Sec. 10244. Hiring critical technical experts.

Sec. 10245. International standards development.

Sec. 10246. Standard technical update.

Sec. 10247. GAO study of NIST research security policies and protocols.

Sec. 10248. Standards development organization grants.

Subtitle D—Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership

Sec. 10251. Establishment of expansion awards pilot program as a part of the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.

Sec. 10252. Update to Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.

Sec. 10253. National Supply Chain Database.

Sec. 10254. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership activities.

Sec. 10255. Amendment to the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership relating to institutions of higher education.

Subtitle E—Manufacturing USA Program

Sec. 10261. Supporting geographic diversity.

Sec. 10262. Expanding opportunities through the Manufacturing USA Program.

Sec. 10263. Promoting domestic production of technologies developed under Manufacturing USA Program.

TITLE III—National Science Foundation for the Future

Subtitle A—Preliminary Matters

Sec. 10301. Sense of Congress.

Sec. 10302. Definitions.

Sec. 10303. Authorization of appropriations.

Subtitle B—STEM education

Sec. 10311. PreK–12 STEM education.

Sec. 10312. Undergraduate STEM education.

Sec. 10313. Graduate STEM education.

Sec. 10314. STEM workforce data.

Sec. 10315. Cyber workforce development research and development.

Sec. 10316. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program.

Sec. 10317. Cybersecurity workforce data initiative.

Sec. 10318. Microelectronics workforce development activities.

Sec. 10319. Incorporation of art and design into certain STEM education.

Sec. 10320. Mandatory cost-sharing.

Sec. 10321. Programs to address the STEM workforce.

Subtitle C—Broadening Participation

Sec. 10321. Presidential awards for excellence in mathematics and science.

Sec. 10322. Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship program update.

Sec. 10323. NSF Eddie Bernice Johnson INCLUDES Initiative.

Sec. 10324. Broadening participation on major facilities awards.

Sec. 10325. Expanding geographic and institutional diversity in research.

Sec. 10326. Diversity in tech research.

Sec. 10327. Chief Diversity Officer of the NSF.

Sec. 10328. Research and dissemination to increase the participation of women and underrepresented minorities in STEM fields.

Sec. 10329. Activities to expand STEM opportunities.

Sec. 10330. Intramural emerging research institutions pilot program.

Subtitle D—NSF Research Security

Sec. 10331. Office of Research Security and Policy.

Sec. 10332. Chief of Research Security.

Sec. 10333. Reporting to Congress.

Sec. 10334. Online resource.

Sec. 10335. Research awards.

Sec. 10336. Authorities.

Sec. 10337. Responsible conduct in research training.

Sec. 10338. Research security and integrity information sharing analysis organization.

Sec. 10339. Plan with respect to controlled information and background screening.

Sec. 10339A. Foundation funding to institutions hosting or supporting Confucius Institutes.

Sec. 10339B. Foreign financial support.

Sec. 10339C. Authorization of appropriations.

Subtitle E—Fundamental Research

Sec. 10341. Broader impacts.

Sec. 10342. Sense of Congress.

Sec. 10343. Research ethics.

Sec. 10344. Research reproducibility and replicability.

Sec. 10345. Climate change research.

Sec. 10346. Social, behavioral, and economic sciences.

Sec. 10347. Measuring impacts of Federally funded research and development.

Sec. 10348. Food-energy-water research.

Sec. 10349. Biological Field Stations and Marine Laboratories.

Sec. 10350. Sustainable chemistry research and education.

Sec. 10351. Risk and resilience research.

Sec. 10352. Unmanned aircraft systems technologies.

Sec. 10353. Accelerating unmanned maritime systems technologies.

Sec. 10354. Leveraging international expertise in research.

Sec. 10355. Biological research collections.

Sec. 10356. Clean water research and technology acceleration.

Sec. 10357. Technology and behavioral science research.

Sec. 10358. Manufacturing research amendment.

Sec. 10359. Critical minerals mining research and development.

Sec. 10360. Study of AI research capacity.

Sec. 10361. Advancing IoT for Precision Agriculture Capabilities Act.

Sec. 10362. Astronomy and satellite constellations.

Sec. 10363. Research on the impact of inflation.

Sec. 10364. Microgravity utilization policy.

Sec. 10365. Recognition of the Arecibo Observatory.

Subtitle F—Research Infrastructure

Sec. 10371. Facility operation and maintenance.

Sec. 10372. Reviews.

Sec. 10373. Helium conservation.

Sec. 10374. Advanced computing.

Sec. 10375. National secure data service.

Subtitle G—Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships

Sec. 10381. Establishment.

Sec. 10382. Purposes.

Sec. 10383. Activities.

Sec. 10384. Requirements.

Sec. 10385. Assistant Director.

Sec. 10386. Advisory committee.

Sec. 10387. Challenges and focus areas.

Sec. 10388. Regional Innovation Engines.

Sec. 10389. Translation accelerator.

Sec. 10390. Test beds.

Sec. 10391. Planning and capacity building awards.

Sec. 10392. Entrepreneurial fellowships.

Sec. 10393. Scholarships and fellowships.

Sec. 10394. Research and development awards.

Sec. 10395. Scaling innovations in PreK–12 STEM education.

Sec. 10396. Authorities.

Sec. 10397. Coordination of activities.

Sec. 10398. Ethical, legal, and societal considerations.

Sec. 10399. Reports and roadmaps.

Sec. 10399A. Evaluation.

Subtitle H—Administrative amendments

Sec. 10399D. Supporting veterans in STEM careers.

Sec. 10399E. Sunshine Act compliance.

Sec. 10399F. Science and engineering indicators report submission.

TITLE IV—Bioeconomy research and development

Sec. 10401. Definitions.

Sec. 10402. National engineering biology research and development initiative.

Sec. 10403. Initiative coordination.

Sec. 10404. Advisory committee on engineering biology research and development.

Sec. 10405. External review of ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, and societal issues.

Sec. 10406. Agency activities.

Sec. 10407. Rule of construction.

TITLE V—Broadening participation in science

Subtitle A—STEM Opportunities

Sec. 10501. Federal research agency policies for caregivers.

Sec. 10502. Collection and reporting of data on federal research awards.

Sec. 10503. Policies for review of Federal research awards.

Sec. 10504. Collection of data on demographics of faculty.

Sec. 10505. Cultural and institutional barriers to expanding the academic and Federal STEM workforce.

Sec. 10506. Existing activities.

Sec. 10507. Report to Congress.

Sec. 10508. Merit review.

Sec. 10509. Determination of budgetary effects.

Sec. 10510. Definition.

Subtitle B—Rural STEM education research

Sec. 10511. Definition.

Sec. 10512. National Science Foundation rural STEM activities.

Sec. 10513. Opportunities for online education.

Sec. 10514. National Academies evaluation.

Sec. 10515. GAO review.

Sec. 10516. NIST engagement with rural communities.

Subtitle C—MSI STEM achievement

Sec. 10521. GAO review.

Sec. 10522. Agency responsibilities.

Sec. 10523. Research at the National Science Foundation.

Sec. 10524. Capacity-building program for developing universities.

Sec. 10525. Tribal Colleges and Universities program.

Sec. 10526. Definitions.

Subtitle D—Combating sexual harassment in science

Sec. 10531. Findings.

Sec. 10532. Purpose.

Sec. 10533. Definition.

Sec. 10534. Research awards.

Sec. 10535. Responsible Conduct Guide.

Sec. 10536. Interagency working group.

Sec. 10537. National Academies assessment.

Sec. 10538. GAO study.

Sec. 10539. Authorization of appropriations.

TITLE VI—MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS

Subtitle A—Supporting early-career researchers

Sec. 10601. Early-career research fellowship program.

Sec. 10602. Authorization of appropriations.

Subtitle B—National science and technology strategy

Sec. 10611. National science and technology strategy.

Sec. 10612. Strategy and report on the Nation’s economic security, science, research, and innovation to support the national security strategy.

Sec. 10613. Quadrennial science and technology review.

Subtitle C—Regional innovation

Sec. 10621. Regional innovation capacity.

Sec. 10622. Regional Clean Energy Innovation Program.

Subtitle D—Research security

Sec. 10631. Requirements for foreign talent recruitment programs.

Sec. 10632. Malign foreign talent recruitment program prohibition.

Sec. 10633. Review of contracts and agreements.

Sec. 10634. Research security training requirement for Federal research award personnel.

Sec. 10635. Research funds accounting.

Sec. 10636. Person or entity of concern prohibition.

Sec. 10637. Nondiscrimination.

Sec. 10638. Definitions.

Subtitle E—Coastal and ocean acidification research and innovation

Sec. 10641. Short title.

Sec. 10642. Purposes.

Sec. 10643. Definitions.

Sec. 10644. Interagency working group.

Sec. 10645. Strategic research plan.

Sec. 10646. NOAA ocean acidification activities.

Sec. 10647. NSF ocean acidification activities.

Sec. 10648. NASA ocean acidification activities.

Sec. 10649. Authorization of appropriations.

Subtitle F—Interagency working group

Sec. 10651. Interagency working group.

Subtitle G—Quantum Networking and Communications

Sec. 10661. Quantum networking and communications.

Subtitle H—Blockchain Specialist

Sec. 10671. Establishment of blockchain and cryptocurrency specialist position within OSTP.

Subtitle I—Partnerships for Energy Security and Innovation

Sec. 10691. Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation.

Subtitle J—Energizing technology transfer

Sec. 10701. Definitions.

PART 1—National Clean Energy Technology Transfer Programs

Sec. 10713. National clean energy incubator program.

Sec. 10714. Clean energy technology university prize competition.

Sec. 10715. Clean energy technology transfer coordination.

PART 2—Supporting technology development at the National Laboratories

Sec. 10716. Lab partnering service pilot program.

Sec. 10717. Lab-embedded entrepreneurship program.

Sec. 10718. Small business voucher program.

Sec. 10719. Entrepreneurial leave program.

Sec. 10720. National Laboratory non-Federal employee outside employment authority.

PART 3—Department of Energy modernization

Sec. 10722. Office of Technology Transitions.

Sec. 10723. Management of Department of Energy demonstration projects.

Sec. 10724. Streamlining prize competitions.

Sec. 10725. Cost-share waiver extension.

Sec. 10726. Special hiring authority for scientific, engineering, and project management personnel.

Sec. 10727. Technology transfer reports and evaluation.

Subtitle K—Micro Act

Sec. 10731. Microelectronics research for energy innovation.

Subtitle L—National nuclear university research infrastructure reinvestment

Sec. 10741. Short title.

Sec. 10742. Purposes.

Sec. 10743. University infrastructure collaboration.

Sec. 10744. Advanced nuclear research infrastructure enhancement subprogram.

Sec. 10745. Science education and human resources scholarships, fellowships, and research and development projects.

Subtitle M—Steel upgrading partnerships and emissions reduction

Sec. 10751. Low-emissions steel manufacturing research program.

Subtitle N—Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and modernization

Sec. 10761. Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and modernization.

Subtitle O—Department of Energy research, development, and demonstration Activities

Sec. 10771. Department of Energy research, development, and demonstration activities.

Subtitle P—Fission for the future

Sec. 10781. Advanced nuclear technologies Federal research, development, and demonstration program.

TITLE VII—National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act

Sec. 10801. Short title.

Sec. 10802. Definitions.

Subtitle A—Exploration

Sec. 10811. Moon to Mars.

Sec. 10812. Space Launch System configurations.

Sec. 10813. Rocket engine test infrastructure.

Sec. 10814. Pearl River maintenance.

Sec. 10815. Extension and modification relating to International Space Station.

Sec. 10816. Priorities for International Space Station.

Sec. 10817. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions.

Subtitle B—Science

Sec. 10821. Science priorities.

Sec. 10822. Search for life.

Sec. 10823. Next generation of astrophysics great observatories.

Sec. 10824. Earth science missions and programs.

Sec. 10825. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.

Subtitle C—Aeronautics

Sec. 10831. Experimental aircraft projects.

Sec. 10832. Unmanned aircraft systems.

Sec. 10833. Cleaner, quieter airplanes.

Subtitle D—Space technology

Sec. 10841. Space nuclear capabilities.

Sec. 10842. Prioritization of low-enriched uranium technology.

Subtitle E—STEM engagement

Sec. 10851. Office of STEM Engagement.

Subtitle F—Miscellaneous

Sec. 10861. Program, workforce, and industrial base reviews.

Sec. 10862. Modification of lease of non-excess property.

DIVISION C—Supplemental appropriations to address threats to the Supreme Court of the United States

References

Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to this Act contained in any division of this Act shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.

CHIPS Act of 2022

101.

Short title

This division may be cited as the

CHIPS Act of 2022

102.

Creating helpful incentives to produce semiconductors (CHIPS) for America fund

(a)

CHIPS for America Fund

(1)

Establishment

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund (referred to in this subsection as the Fund) for the Secretary of Commerce to carry out sections 9902, 9904, and 9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652, 4654, and 4656; Public Law 116–283). Amounts in the Fund to carry out sections 9904 and 9906 of Public Law 116–283 shall be transferred to and merged with accounts within the Department of Commerce to be used for such purposes, except that amounts transferred to carry out section 9904 of Public Law 116–283 shall remain available until September 30, 2025.(2)

Appropriation

(A)In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in subsection (a)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—(i)for fiscal year 2022, $24,000,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which $19,000,000,000 shall be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283, $2,000,000,000 shall be for subsection (c) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283, $2,500,000,000 shall be for subsection (d) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283, and $500,000,000 shall be for subsections (e) and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283;(ii)for fiscal year 2023, $7,000,000,000 to remain available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 and $2,000,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283;(iii)for fiscal year 2024, $6,300,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 and $1,300,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283;(iv)for fiscal year 2025, $6,100,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 and $1,100,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283; and(v)for fiscal year 2026, $6,600,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall be for section 9902 of Public Law 116– 283 and $1,600,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283.(B)

Direct loans and loan guarantees

The Secretary of Commerce may use—(i)up to $6,000,000,000 of the amounts made available for fiscal year 2022 for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 for the cost of direct loans and loan guarantees, as authorized by section 9902 of Public Law 116–283, provided that—(I)such costs, including the cost of modifying such loans and loan guarantees shall be as defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974; and(II)these funds are available to subsidize gross obligations for the principal amount of direct loans and total loan principal, any part of which is to be guaranteed, not to exceed $75,000,000,000; (ii)up to 2 percent of the amounts made available in each fiscal year for salaries and expenses, administration, and oversight purposes to carry out sections 9902 and 9906 of Public Law 116–283, of which $5,000,000 in each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 shall be transferred to the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Commerce to oversee expenditures from the Fund; and(iii)up to $2,300,000 of the amounts made available in fiscal year 2022 to carry out section 9904 of Public Law 116–283.(3)

Assistance for mature technology nodes

Of the amount available in fiscal year 2022 to implement section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652), $2,000,000,000 shall be to provide Federal financial assistance to covered entities to incentivize investment in facilities and equipment in the United States for the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of semiconductors at mature technology nodes under subsection (e) of that section, as added by section 103 of this Act. (4)

Allocation authority

(A)

Submission of cost estimates

The President shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, and project allocations of the full amount made available under subsection (a)(2)—(i)for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and(ii)for each subsequent fiscal year through 2026, as part of the annual budget submission of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.(B)

Alternate allocation

(i)

In general

The Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made available under subsection (a)(2), including by account, program, and project.(ii)

Allocation by president

(I)

No alternate allocations

If Congress has not enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, and project, by the date on which the Act making full-year appropriations for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, only then shall amounts made available under subsection (a)(2) be allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(II)

Insufficient alternate allocation

If Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, and project, for amounts made available under subsection (a)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated under that subsection, the difference between the amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall be allocated by the President and apportioned and allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(b)

CHIPS for America Defense Fund

(1)

Establishment

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund (referred to in this subsection as the Fund) to provide for those requirements that are necessary to carry out section 9903(b) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4653(b)). Amounts in the Fund shall be transferred to and merged with accounts within the Department of Defense to be used for such purposes. Amounts in the Fund or transferred to and merged with accounts within the Department of Defense may not be used for construction of facilities.(2)

Appropriation

In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in subsection (b)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—(A)for fiscal year 2023, $400,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2023;(B)for fiscal year 2024, $400,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2024;(C)for fiscal year 2025, $400,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2025;(D)for fiscal year 2026, $400,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2026; and(E)for fiscal year 2027, $400,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2027.(3)

Allocation authority

(A)

Submission of cost estimates

The President shall submit to Congress detailed account, program element, and project allocations of the full amount made available under subsection (b)(2)—(i)for fiscal year 2023, not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and(ii)for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, as part of the annual budget submission of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.(B)

Alternate allocation

(i)

In general

The Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made available under subsection (b)(2), including by account, program element, and project.(ii)

Allocation by president

(I)

No alternate allocations

If Congress has not enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program element, and project, by the date on which the Act making full-year appropriations for the Department of Defense for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, only then shall amounts made available under subsection (b)(2) be allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted by account, program element, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(II)

Insufficient alternate allocation

If Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program element, and project, for amounts made available under subsection (b)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated under that subsection, the difference between the amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall be allocated by the President and apportioned and allotted by account, program element, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(c)

CHIPS for America International Technology Security and Innovation Fund

(1)

Establishment

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America International Technology Security and Innovation Fund (referred to in this subsection as the Fund) to provide for international information and communications technology security and semiconductor supply chain activities, including to support the development and adoption of secure and trusted telecommunications technologies, secure semiconductors, secure semiconductors supply chains, and other emerging technologies and to carry out sections 9905 and 9202(a)(2) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4655 and 47 U.S.C. 906(a)(2)), as appropriate. Amounts in the Fund shall be transferred by the Secretary of State to accounts within the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, the Export-Import Bank, and the United States International Development Finance Corporation, as appropriate, to be used for such purposes and under the terms and conditions of the account to which transferred. (2)

Appropriation

(A)In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in subsection (c)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—(i)for fiscal year 2023, $100,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2027;(ii)for fiscal year 2024, $100,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2028;(iii)for fiscal year 2025, $100,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2029;(iv)for fiscal year 2026, $100,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2030; and(v)for fiscal year 2027, $100,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2031.(B)

Use

In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary of State may use up to $5,000,000 of the amounts made available in each fiscal year for the Fund for salaries and expenses, administration, and oversight purposes, of which $500,000 in each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 shall be transferred to the Office of Inspector General of the Department of State to oversee expenditures under the Fund.(3)

Allocation authority

(A)

Submission of cost estimates

The President shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, project, and activity allocations of the full amount made available under subsection (c)(2)—(i)for fiscal year 2023, not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and(ii)for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, as part of the annual budget submission of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.(B)

Alternate allocation

(i)

In general

The Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made available under subsection (c)(2), including by account, program, project, and activity.(ii)

Allocation by president

(I)

No alternate allocations

If Congress has not enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, project, and activity, by the date on which the Act making full-year appropriations for the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, only then shall amounts made available under subsection (c)(2) be allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted by account, program, project, and activity pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(II)

Insufficient alternate allocation

If Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, project, and activity, for amounts made available under subsection (c)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated under that subsection, the difference between the amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall be allocated by the President and apportioned and allotted by account, program, project, and activity pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(d)

Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education Fund

(1)

Establishment

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education Fund (referred to in this subsection as the Fund) for the National Science Foundation for microelectronics workforce development activities to meet the requirements under section 9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656).(2)

Appropriation

In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established in subsection (d)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—(A)for fiscal year 2023, $25,000,000, to remain available until expended;(B)for fiscal year 2024, $25,000,000, to remain available until expended;(C)for fiscal year 2025, $50,000,000, to remain available until expended;(D)for fiscal year 2026, $50,000,000, to remain available until expended; and(E)for fiscal year 2027, $50,000,000, to remain available until expended.(3)

Allocation authority

(A)

Submission of cost estimates

The President shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, and project allocations of the full amount made available under paragraph (2)—(i)for fiscal year 2023, not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and(ii)for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, as part of the annual budget submission of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.(B)

Alternate allocation

(i)

In general

The Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made available under paragraph (2), including by account, program, and project.(ii)

Allocation by president

(I)

No alternate allocations

If Congress has not enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, and project, by the date on which the Act making full-year appropriations for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, only then shall amounts made available under subsection (d)(2) be allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(II)

Insufficient alternate allocation

If Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, and project, for amounts made available under subsection (d)(2) that are less than the full amount appropriated under that subsection, the difference between the amount appropriated and the alternate allocation shall be allocated by the President and apportioned and allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(e)

Sequestration

Section 255(g)(1)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after Continuing Fund, Southwestern Power Administration (89–5649–0–2–271). the following:

Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund.Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund.Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America International Technology Security and Innovation Fund.Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education Fund

(f)

Budgetary effects

(1)

Statutory PAYGO scorecards

The budgetary effects of this section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(d)).(2)

Senate PAYGO scorecards

The budgetary effects of this section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).(3)

Classification of budgetary effects

Notwithstanding Rule 3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying Conference Report 105–217 and section 250(c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this section shall not be estimated— (A)for purposes of section 251 of such Act;(B)for purposes of an allocation to the Committee on Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974; and(C)for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included in an appropriation Act. (g)

Limitation on using amounts for stock buybacks or the payment of dividends

(1)

In general

A person receiving amounts appropriated under this section or from a covered fund may not use such amounts, as determined using the criteria for eligible uses of amounts under sections 9902(a)(4) and 9905(a)(4) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(4), 15 U.S.C. 4655(a)(4)), the activities under section 9903(b) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 4653(b)), and the functions under 9906(c)(2) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 4656(c)(2)) —(A)to purchase an equity security that is listed on a national securities exchange of such person or any parent company of such person; or(B)to pay dividends or make other capital distributions with respect to the common stock (or equivalent interest) of the person.(2)

Covered fund

In this subsection, the term covered fund means—(A)the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund;(B)the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund;(C)the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America International Technology Security and Innovation Fund; and(D)the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education Fund.

103.

Semiconductor incentives

(a)

Definitions

Section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651) is amended—(1)in paragraph (2)—(A)by striking a private entity, a consortium of private entities, or a consortium of public and private entities and inserting a nonprofit entity, a private entity, a consortium of private entities, or a consortium of nonprofit, public, and private entities;(B)by inserting production, before or research and development; and(C)by striking of semiconductors. and inserting of semiconductors, materials used to manufacture semiconductors, or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.; (2)by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9) as paragraphs (6), (8), (9), (12), and (13), respectively; (3)by inserting after paragraph (4), the following:

(5)The term critical manufacturing industry—(A)means an industry, industry group, or a set of related industries or related industry groups—(i)assigned a North American Industry Classification System code beginning with 31, 32, or 33; and(ii)for which the applicable industry group or groups in the North American Industry Classification System code cumulatively—(I)manufacture primary products and parts, the sum of which account for not less than 5 percent of the manufacturing value added by industry gross domestic product of the United States; and(II)employ individuals for primary products and parts manufacturing activities that, combined, account for not less than 5 percent of manufacturing employment in the United States; and(B)may include any other manufacturing industry designated by the Secretary based on the relevance of the manufacturing industry to the national and economic security of the United States, including the impacts of job losses.

; and

(4)by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated, the following:

(7)The term foreign country of concern means—(A)a country that is a covered nation (as defined in section 4872(d) of title 10 United States Code); and(B)any country that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the United States.

; and

(5)by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated, the following:

(10)The term mature technology node has the meaning given the term by the Secretary.(11)The term nonprofit entity means an entity described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.

(b)

Semiconductor program

Section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) is amended—(1)in subsection (a)(1)—(A)by striking for semiconductor fabrication and inserting for the fabrication;(B)by inserting production, before or research and development; and(C)by striking the period at the end and inserting of semiconductors, materials used to manufacture semiconductors, or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.; and(2)in subsection (a)(2)—(A)in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ; and at the end;(B)in subparagraph (B)(ii)—(i)in subclause (III), by striking and at the end;(ii)in subclause (IV), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and(iii)by adding at the end the following:

(V)determined—(aa)the type of semiconductor technology, equipment, materials, or research and development the covered entity will produce at the facility described in clause (i); and(bb)the customers, or categories of customers, to which the covered entity plans to sell the semiconductor technology, equipment, materials, or research and development described in item (aa); and(VI)documented, to the extent practicable, workforce needs and developed a strategy to meet such workforce needs consistent with the commitments described in subclauses (II) and (III);

; and

(C)by inserting after subparagraph (B)(ii) the following—

(iii)with respect to the project described in clause (i), the covered entity has an executable plan to identify and mitigate relevant semiconductor supply chain security risks, such as risks associated with access, availability, confidentiality, integrity, and a lack of geographic diversification in the covered entity’s supply chain; and (iv)with respect to any project for the production, assembly, or packaging of semiconductors, the covered entity has implemented policies and procedures to combat cloning, counterfeiting, and relabeling of semiconductors, as applicable.

;

(D)in subparagraph (C)—(i)in clause (i)—(I)in subclause (II), by striking is in the interest of the United States and inserting is in the economic and national security interests of the United States; and(II)in subclause (III), by striking and at the end;(ii)in clause (ii)(IV), by striking and at the end;(iii)by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (v); and(iv)by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

(iii)the Secretary shall consider the type of semiconductor technology produced by the covered entity and whether that semiconductor technology advances the economic and national security interests of the United States;(iv)the Secretary may not approve an application, unless the covered entity provides a plan that does not use Federal financial assistance to assist efforts to physically relocate existing facility infrastructure to another jurisdiction within the United States, unless the project is in the interest of the United States; and

;

(E)by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and(F)by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:

(D)

Priority

In awarding Federal financial assistance to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary shall—(i)give priority to ensuring that a covered entity receiving financial assistance will—(I)manufacture semiconductors necessary to address gaps and vulnerabilities in the domestic supply chain across a diverse range of technology and process nodes; and(II)provide a secure supply of semiconductors necessary for the national security, manufacturing, critical infrastructure, and technology leadership of the United States and other essential elements of the economy of the United States; and(ii)ensure that the assistance is awarded to covered entities for both advanced and mature technology nodes to meet the priorities described in clause (i).

;

(3)in subsection (a)(4)(A), by striking used for semiconductors and inserting used for the purposes;(4)in subsection (a)(5)—(A)in subparagraph (A), by striking major;(B)in subparagraph (D), by striking major; and(C)in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking major;(5)by inserting after subsection (a)(5) the following:

(6)

Expansion clawback

(A)

Definition of legacy semiconductor

(i)

In general

In this paragraph, the term legacy semiconductor—(I)includes—(aa)a semiconductor technology that is of the 28 nanometer generation or older for logic;(bb)with respect to memory technology, analog technology, packaging technology, and any other relevant technology, any legacy generation of semiconductor technology relative to the generation described in item (aa), as determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence; and(cc)any additional semiconductor technology identified by the Secretary in a public notice issued under clause (ii); and(II)does not include a semiconductor that is critical to national security, as determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence.(ii)

Updates

Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the CHIPS Act of 2022, and not less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter for the 8-year period after the last award under this section is made, the Secretary, after public notice and an opportunity for comment and if applicable and necessary, shall issue a public notice identifying any additional semiconductor technology included in the meaning of the term legacy semiconductor under clause (i). (iii)

Functions of the Secretary

The functions of the Secretary under this paragraph shall not be subject to sections 551, 553 through 559, and 701 through 706 of title 5, United States Code. (iv)

Consultation

In carrying out clause (ii), the Secretary shall consult with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense.(v)

Considerations

In carrying out clause (ii), the Secretary shall consider—(I)state-of-the-art semiconductor technologies in the United States and internationally, including in foreign countries of concern; and(II)consistency with export controls relating to semiconductors.(B)

Definition of semiconductor manufacturing

In this paragraph, the term semiconductor manufacturing—(i)has the meaning given the term by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence; and(ii)includes front-end semiconductor fabrication. (C)

Required agreement

(i)

In general

On or before the date on which the Secretary awards Federal financial assistance to a covered entity under this section, the covered entity shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary specifying that, during the 10-year period beginning on the date of the award, subject to clause (ii), the covered entity may not engage in any significant transaction, as defined in the agreement, involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the People’s Republic of China or any other foreign country of concern.(ii)

Exceptions

The prohibition in the agreement required under clause (i) shall not apply to—(I)existing facilities or equipment of a covered entity for manufacturing legacy semiconductors; or(II)significant transactions involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity that—(aa)produces legacy semiconductors; and(bb)predominately serves the market of a foreign country of concern.(iii)

Affiliated group

For the purpose of applying the requirements in an agreement required under clause (i), a covered entity shall include the covered entity receiving financial assistance under this section, as well as any member of the covered entity’s affiliated group under section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, without regard to section 1504(b)(3) of such Code.(D)

Notification requirements

During the applicable term of the agreement of a covered entity required under subparagraph (C)(i), the covered entity shall notify the Secretary of any planned significant transactions of the covered entity involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the People’s Republic of China or any other foreign country of concern.(E)

Violation of agreement

(i)

Notification to covered entities

Not later than 90 days after the date of receipt of a notification described in subparagraph (D) from a covered entity, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, shall—(I)determine whether the significant transaction described in the notification would be a violation of the agreement of the covered entity required under subparagraph (C)(i); and(II)notify the covered entity of the Secretary’s decision under subclause (I).(ii)

Opportunity to remedy

Upon a notification under clause (i)(II) that a planned significant transaction of a covered entity is a violation of the agreement of the covered entity required under subparagraph (C)(i), the Secretary shall—(I)immediately request from the covered entity tangible proof that the planned significant transaction has ceased or been abandoned; and(II)provide the covered entity 45 days to produce and provide to the Secretary the tangible proof described in subclause (I).(iii)

Failure by the covered entity to cease or remedy the activity

Subject to clause (iv), if a covered entity fails to remedy a violation as set forth under clause (ii), the Secretary shall recover the full amount of the Federal financial assistance provided to the covered entity under this section.(iv)

Mitigation

If the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, determines that a covered entity planning a significant transaction that would violate the agreement required under subparagraph (C)(i) could take measures in connection with the transaction to mitigate any risk to national security, the Secretary—(I)may negotiate, enter into, and enforce any agreement or condition for the mitigation; and,(II)waive the recovery requirement under clause (iii).(F)

Submission of records

(i)

In general

The Secretary may request from a covered entity records and other necessary information to review the compliance of the covered entity with the agreement required under subparagraph (C)(i).(ii)

Eligibility

In order to be eligible for Federal financial assistance under this section, a covered entity shall agree to provide records and other necessary information requested by the Secretary under clause (i).(G)

Confidentiality of records

(i)

In general

Subject to clause (ii), any information derived from records or necessary information disclosed by a covered entity to the Secretary under this section—(I)shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code; and(II)shall not be made public.(ii)

Exceptions

Clause (i) shall not prevent the disclosure of any of the following by the Secretary:(I)Information relevant to any administrative or judicial action or proceeding.(II)Information that a covered entity has consented to be disclosed to third parties.(III)Information necessary to fulfill the requirement of the congressional notification under subparagraph (H).(H)

Congressional notification

Not later than 60 days after the date on which the Secretary finds a violation by a covered entity of an agreement required under subparagraph (C)(i), and after providing the covered entity with an opportunity to provide information in response to that finding, the Secretary shall provide to the appropriate Committees of Congress—(i)a notification of the violation;(ii)a brief description of how the Secretary determined the covered entity to be in violation; and(iii)a summary of any actions or planned actions by the Secretary in response to the violation.(I)

Regulations

The Secretary may issue regulations implementing this paragraph.

; and

(6)by adding at the end the following:

(d)

Sense of congress

It is the sense of Congress that, in carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary should allocate funds in a manner that—(1)strengthens the security and resilience of the semiconductor supply chain, including by mitigating gaps and vulnerabilities;(2)provides a supply of secure semiconductors relevant for national security;(3)strengthens the leadership of the United States in semiconductor technology;(4)grows the economy of the United States and supports job creation in the United States;(5)bolsters the semiconductor and skilled technical workforces in the United States;(6)promotes the inclusion of economically disadvantaged individuals and small businesses; and(7)improves the resiliency of the semiconductor supply chains of critical manufacturing industries.(e)

Additional assistance for mature technology nodes

(1)

In general

The Secretary shall establish within the program established under subsection (a) an additional program that provides Federal financial assistance to covered entities to incentivize investment in facilities and equipment in the United States for the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of semiconductors at mature technology nodes.(2)

Eligibility and requirements

In order for an entity to qualify to receive Federal financial assistance under this subsection, the covered entity shall agree to—(A)submit an application under subsection (a)(2)(A);(B)meet the eligibility requirements under subsection (a)(2)(B);(C)(i)provide equipment or materials for the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of semiconductors at mature technology nodes in the United States; or(ii)fabricate, assemble using packaging, or test semiconductors at mature technology nodes in the United States;(D)commit to using any Federal financial assistance received under this section to increase the production of semiconductors at mature technology nodes; and(E)be subject to the considerations described in subsection (a)(2)(C).(3)

Procedures

In granting Federal financial assistance to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary may use the procedures established under subsection (a).(4)

Considerations

In addition to the considerations described in subsection (a)(2)(C), in granting Federal financial assistance under this subsection, the Secretary may consider whether a covered entity produces or supplies equipment or materials used in the fabrication, assembly, testing, or packaging of semiconductors at mature technology nodes that are necessary to support a critical manufacturing industry.(5)

Priority

In awarding Federal financial assistance to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to covered entities that support the resiliency of semiconductor supply chains for critical manufacturing industries in the United States.(6)

Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $2,000,000,000, which shall remain available until expended.(f)

Construction projects

Section 602 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3212) shall apply to a construction project that receives financial assistance from the Secretary under this section.(g)

Loans and loan guarantees

(1)

In general

Subject to the requirements of subsection (a) and this subsection, the Secretary may make or guarantee loans to covered entities as financial assistance under this section.(2)

Conditions

The Secretary may select eligible projects to receive loans or loan guarantees under this subsection if the Secretary determines that—(A)the covered entity—(i)has a reasonable prospect of repaying the principal and interest on the loan; and(ii)has met such other criteria as may be established and published by the Secretary; and(B)the amount of the loan (when combined with amounts available to the loan recipient from other sources) will be sufficient to carry out the project.(3)

Reasonable prospect of repayment

The Secretary shall base a determination of whether there is a reasonable prospect of repayment of the principal and interest on a loan under paragraph (2)(A)(i) on a comprehensive evaluation of whether the covered entity has a reasonable prospect of repaying the principal and interest, including, as applicable, an evaluation of—(A)the strength of the contractual terms of the project the covered entity plans to perform (if commercially reasonably available);(B)the forecast of noncontractual cash flows supported by market projections from reputable sources, as determined by the Secretary;(C)cash sweeps and other structure enhancements;(D)the projected financial strength of the covered entity—(i)at the time of loan close; and(ii)throughout the loan term after the project is completed;(E)the financial strength of the investors and strategic partners of the covered entity, if applicable;(F)other financial metrics and analyses that the private lending community and nationally recognized credit rating agencies rely on, as determined appropriate by the Secretary; and(G)such other criteria the Secretary may determine relevant.(4)

Rates, terms, and repayments of loans

A loan provided under this subsection—(A)shall have an interest rate that does not exceed a level that the Secretary determines appropriate, taking into account, as of the date on which the loan is made, the cost of funds to the Department of the Treasury for obligations of comparable maturity; and(B)shall have a term of not more than 25 years.(5)

Additional terms

A loan or guarantee provided under this subsection may include any other terms and conditions that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.(6)

Responsible lender

No loan may be guaranteed under this subsection, unless the Secretary determines that—(A)the lender is responsible; and(B)adequate provision is made for servicing the loan on reasonable terms and protecting the financial interest of the United States.(7)

Advanced budget authority

New loans may not be obligated and new loan guarantees may not be committed to under this subsection, unless appropriations of budget authority to cover the costs of such loans and loan guarantees are made in advance in accordance with section 504(b) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c(b)).(8)

Continued oversight

The loan agreement for a loan guaranteed under this subsection shall provide that no provision of the loan agreement may be amended of waived without the consent of the Secretary.(h)

Oversight

Not later than 4 years after disbursement of the first financial award under subsection (a), the Inspector General of the Department of Commerce shall audit the program under this section to assess—(1)whether the eligibility requirements for covered entities receiving financial assistance under the program are met; (2)whether eligible entities use the financial assistance received under the program in accordance with the requirements of this section; (3)whether the covered entities receiving financial assistance under this program have carried out the commitments made to worker and community investment under subsection (a)(2)(B)(ii)(II) by the target date for completion set by the Secretary under subsection (a)(5)(A); (4)whether the required agreement entered into by covered entities and the Secretary under subsection (a)(6)(C)(i), including the notification process, has been carried out to provide covered entities sufficient guidance about a violation of the required agreement; (5)whether the Secretary has provided timely Congressional notification about violations of the required agreement under subsection (a)(6)(C)(i), including the required information on how the Secretary reached a determination of whether a covered entity was in violation under subsection (a)(6)(E); and (6)whether the Secretary has sufficiently reviewed any covered entity engaging in a listed exception under subsection (a)(6)(C)(ii).(i)

Prohibition on use of funds

No funds made available under this section may be used to construct, modify, or improve a facility outside of the United States.

(c)

Advanced microelectronics research and development

Section 9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656) is amended—(1)in subsection (a)(3)(A)(ii)—(A)in subclause (II), by inserting , including for technologies based on organic and inorganic materials after components; and(B)in subclause (V), by striking and supply chain integrity and inserting supply chain integrity, and workforce development;(2)in subsection (c)—(A)in paragraph (1)—(i)by inserting and grow the domestic semiconductor workforce after prototyping of advanced semiconductor technology; and(ii)by adding at the end the following: The Secretary may make financial assistance awards, including construction awards, in support of the national semiconductor technology center.; and(B)in paragraph (2)—(i)in subparagraph (B), by inserting and capitalize before an investment fund; and(ii)by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:

(C)To work with the Secretary of Labor, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, the private sector, institutions of higher education, and workforce training entities to incentivize and expand geographically diverse participation in graduate, undergraduate, and community college programs relevant to microelectronics, including through—(i)the development and dissemination of curricula and research training experiences; and(ii)the development of workforce training programs and apprenticeships in advanced microelectronic design, research, fabrication, and packaging capabilities.

;

(3)in subsection (d)—(A)by striking the Manufacturing USA institute and inserting a Manufacturing USA institute; and(B)by adding at the end the following: The Director may make financial assistance awards, including construction awards, in support of the National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program.;(4)in subsection (f)—(A)in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—(i)by striking a Manufacturing USA Institute and inserting not more than 3 Manufacturing USA Institutes;(ii)by striking is focused on semiconductor manufacturing. and inserting are focused on semiconductor manufacturing. The Secretary of Commerce may award financial assistance to any Manufacturing USA Institute for work relating to semiconductor manufacturing.; and(iii)by striking Such institute may emphasize and inserting Such institutes may emphasize; and(5)by adding at the end the following:

(h)

Construction projects

Section 602 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3212) shall apply to a construction project that receives financial assistance under this section.

(d)

Additional authorities

Division H of title XCIX of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

9909.

Additional authorities

(a)

In general

In carrying out the responsibilities of the Department of Commerce under this division, the Secretary may—(1)enter into agreements, including contracts, grants and cooperative agreements, and other transactions as may be necessary and on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate;(2)make advance payments under agreements and other transactions authorized under paragraph (1) without regard to section 3324 of title 31, United States Code;(3)require a person or other entity to make payments to the Department of Commerce upon application and as a condition for receiving support through an award of assistance or other transaction;(4)procure temporary and intermittent services of experts and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, United States Code;(5)notwithstanding section 3104 of title 5, United States Code, or the provisions of any other law relating to the appointment, number, classification, or compensation of employees, make appointments of scientific, engineering, and professional personnel, and fix the basic pay of such personnel at a rate to be determined by the Secretary at rates not in excess of the highest total annual compensation payable at the rate determined under section 104 of title 3, United States Code, except that the Secretary shall appoint not more than 25 personnel under this paragraph;(6)with the consent of another Federal agency, enter into an agreement with that Federal agency to use, with or without reimbursement, any service, equipment, personnel, or facility of that Federal agency; and(7)establish such rules, regulations, and procedures as the Secretary considers appropriate.(b)

Requirement

Any funds received from a payment made by a person or entity pursuant to subsection (a)(3) shall be credited to and merged with the account from which support to the person or entity was made

(e)

Conforming amendment

The table of contents for division H of title XCIX of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283) is amended by adding after the item relating to section 9908 the following:

9909. Additional authorities.

104.

Opportunity and inclusion

(a)

Establishment

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish activities in the Department of Commerce, within the program established under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652), to carry out this section using funds appropriated under this Act.(b)

In general

The Secretary of Commerce shall assign personnel to lead and support the activities carried out under this section, including coordination with other workforce development activities of the Department of Commerce or of Federal agencies, as defined in section 551 of title 5, United States Code, as appropriate.(c)

Activities

Personnel assigned by the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section shall—(1)assess the eligibility of a covered entity, as defined in section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651), for financial assistance for a project with respect to the requirements under subclauses (II) and (III) of section 9902(a)(2)(B)(ii) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(2)(B)(ii)(II) and (III));(2)ensure that each covered entity, as defined in section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651),that is awarded financial assistance under section 9902 of that Act (15 U.S.C. 4652) is carrying out the commitments of the covered entity to economically disadvantaged individuals as described in the application of the covered entity under that section by the target dates for completion established by the Secretary of Commerce under subsection(a)(5)(A) of that section; and(3)increase participation of and outreach to economically disadvantaged individuals, minority-owned businesses, veteran-owned businesses, and women-owned businesses, as defined by the Secretary of Commerce, respectively, in the geographic area of a project under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) and serve as a resource for those individuals, businesses, and covered entities.(d)

Staff

The activities under this section shall be staffed at the appropriate levels to carry out the functions and responsibilities under this section until 95 percent of the amounts of funds made available for the program established under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) have been expended.(e)

Report

Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date on which the Secretary of Commerce establishes the activities described in subsection (c), the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, as defined in section 9901(1) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651), and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Commerce an annual report regarding the actions taken by the Department of Commerce under this section.

105.

Additional GAO reporting requirements

(a)

NDAA

Section 9902(c) of William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(c)) is amended— (1)in paragraph (1)—(A)in subparagraph (B)—(i)in clause (i), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; and(ii)by adding at the end the following:

(iii)the Federal Government could take specific actions to address shortages in the semiconductor supply chain, including—(I)demand-side incentives, including incentives related to the information and communications technology supply chain; and(II)additional incentives, at national and global scales, to accelerate utilization of leading-edge semiconductor nodes to address shortages in mature semiconductor nodes; and

; and

(B)in subparagraph (C)—(i)in clause (iii), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; and(ii)by inserting after clause (iv) the following:

(v)how projects are supporting the semiconductor needs of critical infrastructure industries in the United States, including those industries designated by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency as essential infrastructure industries; and

; and

(2)by inserting after paragraph (1)(C)(iv) the following:

(D)drawing on data made available by the Department of Labor or other sources, to the extent practicable, an analysis of—(i)semiconductor industry data regarding businesses that are—(I)majority owned and controlled by minority individuals; (II)majority owned and controlled by women; or(III)majority owned and controlled by both women and minority individuals;(ii)the number and amount of contracts and subcontracts awarded by each covered entity using funds made available under subsection (a) disaggregated by recipients of each such contract or subcontracts that are majority owned and controlled by minority individuals and majority owned and controlled by women; and(iii)aggregated workforce data, including data by race or ethnicity, sex, and job categories.

(b)

Department of Defense

Section 9202(a)(1)(G)(ii)(I) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (47 U.S.C. 906(a)(1)(G)(ii)(I)) is amended by inserting (including whether recipients are majority owned and controlled by minority individuals and majority owned and controlled by women) after to whom.

106.

Appropriations for wireless supply chain innovation

(a)

Direct appropriations

In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund established under section 9202(a)(1) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(1)), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—(1)$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, to remain available until September 30, 2031; and(2)$1,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, to remain available until September 30, 2032.(b)

Use of funds, administration, and oversight

Of the amounts made available under subsection (a)—(1)not more than 5 percent of the amounts allocated pursuant to subsection (c) in a given fiscal year may be used by the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information to administer the programs funded from the Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund; and(2)not less than $2,000,000 per fiscal year shall be transferred to the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Commerce for oversight related to activities conducted using amounts provided under this section.(c)

Allocation authority

(1)

Submission of cost estimates

The President shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, and project allocations of the amount recommended for allocation in a fiscal year from amounts made available under subsection (a)—(A)for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and(B)for each subsequent fiscal year through 2032, as part of the annual budget submission of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.(2)

Alternate allocation

(A)

In general

The Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate may provide for alternate allocation of amounts recommended for allocation in a given fiscal year from amounts made available under subsection (a), including by account, program, and project.(B)

Allocation by president

(i)

No alternate allocations

If Congress has not enacted legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, and project, by the date on which the Act making full-year appropriations for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, only then shall amounts recommended for allocation for that fiscal year from amounts made available under subsection (a) be allocated by the President or apportioned or allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(ii)

Insufficient alternate allocation

If Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate allocations, including by account, program, and project, for amounts recommended for allocation in a given fiscal year from amounts made available under subsection (a) that are less than the full amount recommended for allocation for that fiscal year, the difference between the amount recommended for allocation and the alternate allocation shall be allocated by the President and apportioned and allotted by account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.(d)

Sequestration

Section 255(g)(1)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after Postal Service Fund (18–4020–0–3–372). the following:

Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund.

(e)

Budgetary effects

(1)

Statutory PAYGO scorecards

The budgetary effects of this section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010.(2)

Senate PAYGO scorecards

The budgetary effects of this section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).(3)

Classification of budgetary effects

107.

Advanced manufacturing investment credit

(a)

In general

Subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after section 48C the following new section:

48D.

Advanced manufacturing investment credit

(a)

Establishment of credit

For purposes of section 46, the advanced manufacturing investment credit for any taxable year is an amount equal to 25 percent of the qualified investment for such taxable year with respect to any advanced manufacturing facility of an eligible taxpayer.(b)

Qualified investment

(1)

In general

For purposes of subsection (a), the qualified investment with respect to any advanced manufacturing facility for any taxable year is the basis of any qualified property placed in service by the taxpayer during such taxable year which is part of an advanced manufacturing facility.(2)

Qualified property

(A)

In general

For purposes of this subsection, the term qualified property means property—(i)which is tangible property,(ii)with respect to which depreciation (or amortization in lieu of depreciation) is allowable,(iii)which is—(I)constructed, reconstructed, or erected by the taxpayer, or(II)acquired by the taxpayer if the original use of such property commences with the taxpayer, and(iv)which is integral to the operation of the advanced manufacturing facility.(B)

Buildings and structural components

(i)

In general

The term qualified property includes any building or its structural components which otherwise satisfy the requirements under subparagraph (A).(ii)

Exception

Clause (i) shall not apply with respect to a building or portion of a building used for offices, administrative services, or other functions unrelated to manufacturing.(3)

Advanced manufacturing facility

For purposes of this section, the term advanced manufacturing facility means a facility for which the primary purpose is the manufacturing of semiconductors or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.(4)

Coordination with rehabilitation credit

The qualified investment with respect to any advanced manufacturing facility for any taxable year shall not include that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable to qualified rehabilitation expenditures (as defined in section 47(c)(2)).(5)

Certain progress expenditure rules made applicable

Rules similar to the rules of subsections (c)(4) and (d) of section 46 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990) shall apply for purposes of subsection (a).(c)

Eligible taxpayer

For purposes of this section, the term eligible taxpayer means any taxpayer which—(1)is not a foreign entity of concern (as defined in section 9901(6) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), and(2)has not made an applicable transaction (as defined in section 50(a)) during the taxable year.(d)

Elective payment

(1)

In general

Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2)(A), in the case of a taxpayer making an election (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may provide) under this subsection with respect to the credit determined under subsection (a) with respect to such taxpayer, such taxpayer shall be treated as making a payment against the tax imposed by subtitle A (for the taxable year with respect to which such credit was determined) equal to the amount of such credit.(2)

Special rules

For purposes of this subsection—(A)

Application to partnerships and S corporations

(i)

In general

In the case of the credit determined under subsection (a) with respect to any property held directly by a partnership or S corporation, any election under paragraph (1) shall be made by such partnership or S corporation. If such partnership or S corporation makes an election under such paragraph (in such manner as the Secretary may provide) with respect to such credit—(I)the Secretary shall make a payment to such partnership or S corporation equal to the amount of such credit,(II)paragraph (3) shall be applied with respect to such credit before determining any partner’s distributive share, or shareholder’s pro rata share, of such credit,(III)any amount with respect to which the election in paragraph (1) is made shall be treated as tax exempt income for purposes of sections 705 and 1366, and(IV)a partner’s distributive share of such tax exempt income shall be based on such partner’s distributive share of the otherwise applicable credit for each taxable year.(ii)

Coordination with application at partner or shareholder level

In the case of any property held directly by a partnership or S corporation, no election by any partner or shareholder shall be allowed under paragraph (1) with respect to any credit determined under subsection (a) with respect to such property. (B)

Elections

Any election under paragraph (1) shall be made not later than the due date (including extensions of time) for the return of tax for the taxable year for which the election is made, but in no event earlier than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this section. Any such election, once made, shall be irrevocable. Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, any election under paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any credit for the taxable year for which the election is made.(C)

Timing

The payment described in paragraph (1) shall be treated as made on the later of the due date (determined without regard to extensions) of the return of tax for the taxable year or the date on which such return is filed.(D)

Treatment of payments to partnerships and S corporations

For purposes of section 1324 of title 31, United States Code, the payments under subparagraph (A)(i)(I) shall be treated in the same manner as a refund due from a credit provision referred to in subsection (b)(2) of such section.(E)

Additional information

As a condition of, and prior to, any amount being treated as a payment which is made by the taxpayer under paragraph (1) or any payment being made pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary may require such information or registration as the Secretary deems necessary or appropriate for purposes of preventing duplication, fraud, improper payments, or excessive payments under this section.(F)

Excessive payment

(i)

In general

In the case of any amount treated as a payment which is made by the taxpayer under paragraph (1), or any payment made pursuant to subparagraph (A), which the Secretary determines constitutes an excessive payment, the tax imposed on such taxpayer by chapter 1 for the taxable year in which such determination is made shall be increased by an amount equal to the sum of—(I)the amount of such excessive payment, plus(II)an amount equal to 20 percent of such excessive payment. (ii)

Reasonable cause

Clause (i)(II) shall not apply if the taxpayer demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the excessive payment resulted from reasonable cause.(iii)

Excessive payment defined

For purposes of this subparagraph, the term excessive payment means, with respect to property for which an election is made under this subsection for any taxable year, an amount equal to the excess of—(I)the amount treated as a payment which is made by the taxpayer under paragraph (1), or the amount of the payment made pursuant to subparagraph (A), with respect to such property for such taxable year, over(II)the amount of the credit which, without application of this subsection, would be otherwise allowable (determined without regard to section 38(c)) under subsection (a) with respect to such property for such taxable year.(3)

Denial of double benefit

In the case of a taxpayer making an election under this subsection with respect to the credit determined under subsection (a), such credit shall be reduced to zero and shall, for any other purposes under this title, be deemed to have been allowed to the taxpayer for such taxable year.(4)

Mirror code possessions

In the case of any possession of the United States with a mirror code tax system (as defined in section 24(k)), this subsection shall not be treated as part of the income tax laws of the United States for purposes of determining the income tax law of such possession unless such possession elects to have this subsection be so treated. (5)

Basis reduction and recapture

Rules similar to the rules of subsections (a) and (c) of section 50 shall apply with respect to—(A)any amount treated as a payment which is made by the taxpayer under paragraph (1), and(B)any payment made pursuant to paragraph (2)(A).(6)

Regulations

The Secretary shall issue such regulations or other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including—(A)regulations or other guidance providing rules for determining a partner’s distributive share of the tax exempt income described in paragraph (2)(A)(i)(III), and(B)guidance to ensure that the amount of the payment or deemed payment made under this subsection is commensurate with the amount of the credit that would be otherwise allowable (determined without regard to section 38(c)).(e)

Termination of credit

The credit allowed under this section shall not apply to property the construction of which begins after December 31, 2026.

(b)

Recapture in connection with certain expansions

(1)

In general

Section 50(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively, and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:

(3)

Certain expansions in connection with advanced manufacturing facilities

(A)

In general

If there is a an applicable transaction by an applicable taxpayer before the close of the 10-year period beginning on the date such taxpayer placed in service investment credit property which is eligible for the advanced manufacturing investment credit under section 48D(a), then the tax under this chapter for the taxable year in which such transaction occurs shall be increased by 100 percent of the aggregate decrease in the credits allowed under section 38 for all prior taxable years which would have resulted solely from reducing to zero any credit determined under section 46 which is attributable to the advanced manufacturing investment credit under section 48D(a) with respect to such property.(B)

Exception

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if the applicable taxpayer demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the applicable transaction has been ceased or abandoned within 45 days of a determination and notice by the Secretary. (C)

Regulations and guidance

The Secretary shall issue such regulations or other guidance as the Secretary determines necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations or other guidance which provide for requirements for recordkeeping or information reporting for purposes of administering the requirements of this paragraph.

(2)

Applicable transaction; applicable taxpayer

Section 50(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as redesignated by paragraph (1), is amended adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

(D)

Applicable transaction

For purposes of this subsection—(i)

In general

The term applicable transaction means, with respect to any applicable taxpayer, any significant transaction (as determined by the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Defense) involving the material expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity of such applicable taxpayer in the People’s Republic of China or a foreign country of concern (as defined in section 9901(7) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021).(ii)

Exception

Such term shall not include a transaction which primarily involves the expansion of manufacturing capacity for legacy semiconductors (as defined in section 9902(a)(6) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021).(E)

Applicable taxpayer

For purposes of this subsection, the term applicable taxpayer means any taxpayer who has been allowed a credit under section 48D(a) for any prior taxable year.

(3)

Conforming amendments

(A)Section 50(a)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as redesignated by paragraph (1), is amended—(i)by inserting , or any applicable transaction to which paragraph (3)(A) applies after paragraphs (1) and (2), and (ii)by inserting or applicable transaction after such cessation.(B)Section 50(a)(6)(C) of such Code, as redesignated by paragraph (1), is amended by striking paragraph (1) or (2) and inserting paragraph (1), (2), or (3).(C)Section 1371(d)(1) of such Code is amended by striking section 50(a)(4) and inserting section 50(a)(5).(c)

Exemption of elective payments from sequestration

Subsection (d) of section 255 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905) is amended to read as follows:

(d)

Refundable income tax credits and certain elective payments

(1)

Refundable income tax credits

Payments to individuals made pursuant to provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 establishing refundable tax credits shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part. (2)

Certain elective payments

Payments made to taxpayers pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of section 48D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or amounts treated as payments which are made by taxpayers under paragraph (1) of such subsection, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part.

(d)

Conforming amendments

(1)Paragraph (6) of section 46 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:

(6)the advanced manufacturing investment credit.

(2)Section 49(a)(1)(C) of such Code is amended—(A)by striking and at the end of clause (iv),(B)by striking the period at the end of clause (v) and inserting , and, and(C)by adding at the end the following new clause:

(vi)the basis of any qualified property (as defined in subsection (b)(2) of section 48D) which is part of an advanced manufacturing facility (as defined in subsection (b)(3) of such section).

(3)Section 50(a)(2)(E) of such Code is amended by striking or 48C(b)(2) and inserting 48C(b)(2), or 48D(b)(5).(4)The table of sections for subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 48C the following new item:

Sec. 48D. Advanced manufacturing investment credit.

(e)

Budgetary effects

(1)

Statutory PAYGO scorecards

The budgetary effects of this section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(d)).(2)

Senate PAYGO scorecards

The budgetary effects of this section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).(3)

Classification of budgetary effects

Effective date

(1)

In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 2022, and, for any property the construction of which begins prior to January 1, 2023, only to the extent of the basis thereof attributable to the construction, reconstruction, or erection after the date of enactment of this Act.(2)

Exemption of elective payments from sequestration

The amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to any sequestration order issued under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.) on or after December 31, 2022.

Research and Innovation

10000.

Table of contents

The table of contents for this division is as follows: