[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 557 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 557

        To reunite families separated at or near ports of entry.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           February 26, 2019

Ms. Harris (for herself, Mr. Merkley, Ms. Cortez Masto, Mr. Blumenthal, 
  Mr. Wyden, Mr. Markey, Mr. Bennet, Ms. Duckworth, Mr. Sanders, Ms. 
  Smith, Ms. Warren, Mr. Booker, Ms. Klobuchar, Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. 
 Kaine, and Mr. Carper) introduced the following bill; which was read 
          twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
        To reunite families separated at or near ports of entry.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Reunite Every Unaccompanied Newborn 
Infant, Toddler and other children Expeditiously Act'' or the ``REUNITE 
Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Agencies.--The term ``agencies'' means the Department 
        of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human 
        Services.
            (2) Apprehended parent or legal guardian.--The term 
        ``apprehended parent or legal guardian'' means an alien who--
                    (A) is 18 years of age or older;
                    (B) is the parent or legal guardian of an alien 
                child; and
                    (C) was apprehended by the Department of Homeland 
                Security, the Department of Justice, or any other 
                entity authorized to enforce section 275 of the 
                Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1325).
            (3) Border.--The term ``border'' means an international 
        border of the United States.
            (4) Child.--The term ``child'' means an alien who--
                    (A) has not attained 18 years of age; and
                    (B) has no permanent immigration status in the 
                United States.
            (5) DHS.--The term ``DHS'' means the Department of Homeland 
        Security.
            (6) HHS.--The term ``HHS'' means the Department of Health 
        and Human Services.

SEC. 3. REUNIFICATION OF SEPARATED FAMILIES.

    (a) Rulemaking.--
            (1) Guidance.--Not later than 10 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security and 
        the Secretary of Health and Human Services, after consultation 
        with humanitarian organizations, child welfare organizations, 
        State child welfare agencies, and States contiguous to the 
        border with Mexico, shall promulgate and publish guidance 
        through a direct final rule that specifically describes the 
        coordinated efforts that the agencies will undertake to aid an 
        apprehended parent or legal guardian in locating and reuniting 
        with any children separated from them at or near the port of 
        entry, or within 100 miles of the border, pursuant to 
        applicable law.
            (2) Development; services; publication.--The guidance 
        promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1)--
                    (A) shall be developed to protect the best 
                interests of affected children;
                    (B) shall describe all pro bono or government-
                funded services, including immigration services, 
                available for apprehended parents and legal guardians 
                or affected children; and
                    (C) shall be made publicly available in writing and 
                on the websites of the agencies.
    (b) Coverage of Joint Guidance.--The guidance published pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall outline the agencies' coordinated efforts, 
including efforts--
            (1) to develop and conduct family tracing procedures, in 
        cooperation with nongovernmental experts in child welfare best 
        practices;
            (2) to maintain a functional, accessible, frequent, and no 
        cost means for apprehended parents and legal guardians to 
        contact their children through a telephone hotline or visual 
        conferencing--
                    (A) to obtain daily-updated information about the 
                location of their children and all scheduled 
                immigration proceedings for their children; and
                    (B) to set up opportunities to speak with their 
                child not fewer than 3 times per week, including at 
                least once per week by video;
            (3) to facilitate substantial daily access of 
        nongovernmental case workers, child advocates, and legal 
        counsel to children separated from their parents and legal 
        guardians to represent these children's best interests in 
        custody decisions and immigration proceedings;
            (4) to provide for humanitarian organizations and State and 
        local child welfare agencies in the jurisdictions in which the 
        children are located to conduct unannounced, independent weekly 
        inspections of all DHS and HHS facilities at which children who 
        are separated from their apprehended parents or legal guardians 
        are in custody;
            (5) to coordinate with the Department of State and 
        embassies and consulates of foreign governments to locate 
        apprehended parents and legal guardians of children who have 
        departed from the United States;
            (6) to provide clear notice to apprehended parents and 
        legal guardians of their legal rights, including--
                    (A) their parental and guardianship rights with 
                respect to their children who have been designated as 
                unaccompanied alien children; and
                    (B) their right to designate another parent, legal 
                guardian, or other qualified adult custodian to sponsor 
                and care for such children;
            (7) to facilitate information sharing by parents and legal 
        guardians about any arrangements to depart the United States 
        with their consulate, their children, their children's case 
        worker, legal counsel, child advocate, and other adult 
        custodians in advance of their departure;
            (8) to provide parents and legal guardians with an order of 
        deportation or removal access to nongovernmental organizations 
        providing assistance with locating and reunifying their 
        children;
            (9) to provide cost-free transportation of children 
        separated from their parents or legal guardians to reunite with 
        them or another parent, legal guardian, or other qualified 
        adult custodian to which the children consent;
            (10) to establish a recordkeeping system that will maintain 
        information to aid the reunification of every child separated 
        from an apprehended parent or legal guardian;
            (11) to provide free telephone calls between apprehended 
        parents and their children; and
            (12) to otherwise assist with the reunification of 
        separated families.
    (c) Written Notification.--Shortly after guidance is published 
pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Attorney General shall 
provide each apprehended parent or legal guardian who has been 
separated from his or her child with written notice, in English, 
Spanish, or another language understandable by the parent or legal 
guardian, upon request, of any guidance that may assist them in their 
efforts to locate and reunify with their children.
    (d) Reunification Required.--The agencies shall ensure immediate 
reunification of children that remain separated from their apprehended 
parent or guardian.
    (e) Other Requirements.--The agencies shall--
            (1) issue a privacy impact assessment related to the use of 
        DNA testing under the section; and
            (2) establish a process for redressing violations of the 
        requirements under this section.
    (f) Exemptions.--The agencies may not reunite an apprehended parent 
or legal guardian with a separated child under this section if--
            (1) the child has been determined to be a victim of 
        trafficking, or is at significant risk of becoming a victim of 
        trafficking, by that apprehended parent or guardian, as 
        determined by a Chief Border Patrol Agent or Customs and Border 
        Protection Area Port Director in their official and undelegated 
        capacity;
            (2) the child appears to be in danger of abuse or neglect 
        at the hands of the apprehended parent or legal guardian;
            (3) the child is a danger to himself, herself, or others, 
        as determined by a State court or an official from a State or 
        county child welfare agency in his or her official and 
        undelegated capacity; or
            (4) there is a strong likelihood that the adult is not the 
        apprehended parent or legal guardian of the child.

SEC. 4. DNA TESTING.

    (a) Use of Other Techniques.--Before utilizing DNA testing to 
determine family relationships, agencies shall use other techniques 
commonly utilized by United States courts for determining family 
relationships, including--
            (1) official documents;
            (2) representations from a witness, parent, relative, or 
        child; and
            (3) observations of interactions between the adult and the 
        child.
    (b) DNA Testing.--
            (1) In general.--DNA testing may not be required as a 
        condition of reunification if alternative means of 
        demonstrating a familial relationship have been established. If 
        reasonable suspicions remain about a familial relationship 
        after exhausting the techniques referred to in subsection (a), 
        DNA testing may be used.
            (2) Protocols.--The agencies shall develop protocols for 
        establishing a familial relationship if an individual does not 
        consent to DNA testing or may not have a biological 
        relationship with the child.
            (3) Type of test.--Whenever DNA testing is used, the 
        agencies--
                    (A) shall use the least privacy-invasive type of 
                DNA test available to confirm the claimed relationship; 
                and
                    (B) may not charge the child or apprehended parent 
                or guardian for the costs of conducting such test.
            (4) Consent.--The agencies shall--
                    (A) obtain the consent of any individual who is 
                older than 18 years of age before conducting a DNA 
                test;
                    (B) make every effort to obtain the consent of a 
                guardian before conducting a DNA test on anyone who is 
                younger than 18 years of age; and
                    (C) destroy DNA samples as soon as possible, and 
                not later than 7 days after completing the required DNA 
                matching tests, to minimize any potential misuse of 
                genetic information collected under this subsection.
    (c) Protection of Information.--
            (1) In general.--If DNA testing is used for the purposes of 
        reunification, the agencies shall ensure the protection of 
        privacy, genetic data, and personal information of children, 
        parents, all individuals being tested, and their relatives.
            (2) Other uses prohibited.--Agencies and private entities 
        may only access, use, or store any personal DNA information 
        collected under this subsection for family reunification 
        purposes and are prohibited from sharing any such data or 
        samples with agencies other than those carrying out the 
        reunification process. Information collected under this section 
        may not be used by any agency or contractor for any other 
        purpose, including criminal or immigration enforcement.
    (d) DNA Match.--
            (1) Reunification.--As soon as a DNA match is identified, 
        the agencies shall reunite family members as expeditiously as 
        possible.
            (2) No match; no consent.--A refusal to consent to a DNA 
        test or the failure to identify a match between a child and an 
        apprehended parent may not be used as a basis for concluding 
        that there is no familial relationship between a such child and 
        such parent if--
                    (A) the familial relationship is not biological; or
                    (B) the familial relationship may be established 
                through alternate means.

SEC. 5. ENHANCED PROTECTIONS FOR SEPARATE FAMILIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish 
secure alternatives programs that incorporate case management services 
in each field office of the Department of Homeland Security to ensure 
appearances at immigration proceedings and public safety.
    (b) Alternatives to Detention.--
            (1) Contract authority.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
        shall contract with nongovernmental, community-based 
        organizations to conduct screening of detainees, provide 
        appearance assistance services, and operate community-based 
        supervision programs. Secure alternatives shall offer a 
        continuum of supervision mechanisms and options, including 
        community support, depending on an assessment of each 
        individual's circumstances. The Secretary may contract with 
        nongovernmental organizations to implement secure alternatives 
        that maintain custody over the alien.
            (2) Eligibility determination.--
                    (A) Release.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
                shall release each apprehended parent or legal guardian 
                on recognizance, parole, or bond, or permit such parent 
                or legal guardian to participate in an alternative to 
                detention program, such as the Family Case Management 
                Program authorized under subsection (c), unless the 
                Secretary demonstrates that such participation would 
                create a substantial risk that the apprehended parent 
                or legal guardian is likely to cause harm to himself, 
                herself, or others.
                    (B) Burden of proof.--In order to demonstrate that 
                continued detention is necessary, the Secretary shall 
                produce clear and convincing evidence of risk factors, 
                including credible and individualized information.
                    (C) Appeal.--Not later than 72 hours after the 
                Secretary determines that an apprehended parent or 
                legal guardian is ineligible for an alternative to 
                detention program under this subsection, the parent or 
                legal guardian shall be provided with an opportunity to 
                appeal such determination in a hearing before an 
                immigration judge.
    (c) Restoration of the Family Case Management Program.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 7 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security 
        shall restore the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement 
        Family Case Management Program, which shall provide community 
        supervision and community support services, including case 
        management services, appearance services, and screening of 
        aliens who have been detained be run through a contract with a 
        not-for-profit entity.
            (2) Contract.--Any contract for programming or services 
        described in paragraph (1) shall be awarded to a not-for-profit 
        organization with demonstrated expertise in meeting the areas 
        specified in paragraph (1).
    (d) Unaccompanied Alien Child Designation.--The Secretary of 
Homeland Security shall treat a child, who has been separated from an 
apprehended parent or legal guardian and has been designated an 
unaccompanied alien child, as an unaccompanied alien child for the 
duration of his or her immigration proceedings.
    (e) Automatic Stay of Removal of Parents and Legal Guardians During 
Child's Immigration Proceedings.--Until the earlier of the date on 
which the child's immigration proceedings are concluded or the date on 
which the child attains 18 years of age, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security may not remove an apprehended parent or legal guardian of such 
child from the United States unless the apprehended parent or legal 
guardian, after being afforded the opportunity for legal consultation, 
agrees to removal.

SEC. 6. CONFIDENTIALITY.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the 
Secretary of Homeland Security may not use information obtained or 
recorded pursuant to this Act to assist in immigration enforcement 
actions taken against any sponsor, potential sponsor, custodian, 
potential custodian, or household member of a child or apprehended 
parent or legal guardian.
    (b) Exception.--Subsection (a) does not apply to the use of 
information described in that subsection about a particular sponsor, 
potential sponsor, custodian, potential custodian, or household member 
for purposes of a law enforcement investigation related to--
            (1) forced labor or human trafficking under section 1589, 
        1590, or 1591 of title 18, United States Code; or
            (2) child exploitation under section 2251, 2251A, 2252, or 
        2252A of title 18, United States Code.

SEC. 7. ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE FOR LOCATING AND REUNITING CHILDREN 
              WITH PARENTS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Homeland Security, the Attorney 
General, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall jointly 
establish an interagency office, which--
            (1) shall be known as the ``Office for Locating and 
        Reuniting Children with Parents'' (referred to in this section 
        as the ``Office''); and
            (2) shall be responsible for expediting and facilitating 
        the reunification of alien children and parents separated after 
        entering the United States.
    (b) Duties.--The Office shall--
            (1) expeditiously implement guidance designated for its 
        jurisdiction under section 3;
            (2) establish 24-hour priority data and information 
        communication networks between HHS, DHS, and the Department of 
        Justice; and
            (3) identify and immediately inform Congress if the Office 
        determines that insufficient appropriations, or any other 
        statutory or regulatory condition hinders the safe and timely 
        reunion of separated alien children with their parents, 
        pursuant to the final rule promulgated under section 3.
    (c) Report.--The Office shall submit a weekly report to Congress 
that includes--
            (1) the number and location of children in the physical 
        custody of DHS or HHS who have been separated from an apprehend 
        parent or legal guardian;
            (2) the number of such children who have been physically 
        reunified with their parent or legal guardian;
            (3) the physical location of parents who have yet to be 
        reunited with their children, including the parents who have 
        been deported without their children;
            (4) the number of such children who have not yet been 
        physically reunited with their parent or legal guardian; and
            (5) an outline of the progress made in implementing the 
        guidance published pursuant to section 3(a).

SEC. 8. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.

    (a) Federal Law.--Nothing in this Act may be construed to supersede 
or modify--
            (1) the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection 
        Act of 2008 (8 U.S.C. 1232 et seq.);
            (2) the Stipulated Settlement Agreement filed in the United 
        States District Court for the Central District of California on 
        January 17, 1997 (CV 85-4544-RJK) (commonly known as the 
        ``Flores Settlement Agreement'');
            (3) the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296); 
        or
            (4) any applicable Federal child welfare law, including the 
        Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-89).
    (b) State Law.--Nothing in this Act may be construed to supersede 
or modify any applicable State child welfare law.

SEC. 9. REALLOCATION OF DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Of the amount allocated to U.S. Immigration and 
Customs Enforcement for fiscal year 2019 for enforcement, detention, 
and removal operations, $50,000,000 shall be reallocated to carry out 
sections 3 and 5(a).
    (b) Reunification.--Not less than $15,000,000 of the amount 
reallocated under subsection (a) shall be made available to carry out 
section 3.
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