[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 482 Reported in Senate (RS)]
<DOC>
Calendar No. 389
116th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 482
To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to combat
international cybercrime, and to impose additional sanctions with
respect to the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
February 13, 2019
Mr. Graham (for himself, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Gardner, Mr. Cardin, and
Mrs. Shaheen) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and
referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
December 18, 2019
Reported by Mr. Risch, with an amendment
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to combat
international cybercrime, and to impose additional sanctions with
respect to the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Defending
American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act
is as follows:</DELETED>
<DELETED>Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
<DELETED>Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.
<DELETED>Sec. 3. Statement of policy on Crimea.
<DELETED>TITLE I--MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION
<DELETED>Subtitle A--Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO
<DELETED>Sec. 101. Opposition of the Senate to withdrawal from North
Atlantic Treaty.
<DELETED>Sec. 102. Limitation on use of funds.
<DELETED>Sec. 103. Authorization for Senate Legal Counsel to represent
Senate in opposition to withdrawal from the
North Atlantic Treaty.
<DELETED>Sec. 104. Reporting requirement.
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Strengthening the NATO Alliance
<DELETED>Sec. 111. Report on NATO alliance resilience and United States
diplomatic posture.
<DELETED>Sec. 112. Expedited NATO excess defense articles transfer
program.
<DELETED>Sec. 113. Definitions.
<DELETED>TITLE II--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
<DELETED>Subtitle A--Public Diplomacy Modernization
<DELETED>Sec. 201. Avoiding duplication of programs and efforts.
<DELETED>Sec. 202. Improving research and evaluation of public
diplomacy.
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Other Matters
<DELETED>Sec. 211. Department of State responsibilities with respect to
cyberspace policy.
<DELETED>Sec. 212. Enhanced hiring authority for Department of State.
<DELETED>Sec. 213. Sense of Congress.
<DELETED>TITLE III--CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION
<DELETED>Sec. 301. Short title.
<DELETED>Sec. 302. Findings.
<DELETED>Sec. 303. Statement of policy.
<DELETED>Sec. 304. Report on sanctions relating to use of chemical
weapons by the Russian Federation.
<DELETED>Sec. 305. Report on production and use of chemical and
biological weapons by the Russian
Federation.
<DELETED>Sec. 306. Authorization of appropriations.
<DELETED>Sec. 307. Chemical Weapons Convention defined.
<DELETED>TITLE IV--INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT
<DELETED>Sec. 401. Short title.
<DELETED>Sec. 402. Predicate offenses.
<DELETED>Sec. 403. Forfeiture.
<DELETED>Sec. 404. Shutting down botnets.
<DELETED>Sec. 405. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure
computer.
<DELETED>Sec. 406. Stopping trafficking in botnets; forfeiture.
<DELETED>TITLE V--COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE
<DELETED>Sec. 501. Prohibition on interference with voting systems.
<DELETED>Sec. 502. Inadmissibility of aliens seeking to interfere in
United States elections.
<DELETED>TITLE VI--SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
<DELETED>Subtitle A--Expansion of Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act
<DELETED>Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on role of sanctions.
<DELETED>Sec. 602. Sanctions related to interference of the Russian
Federation with democratic processes and
elections.
<DELETED>Sec. 603. Sanctions relating to the actions of the Russian
Federation with respect to Ukraine.
<DELETED>Sec. 604. Conforming and technical amendments.
<DELETED>Sec. 605. Congressional review and continued applicability of
sanctions under the Sergei Magnitsky Rule
of Law Accountability Act of 2012.
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Coordination With the European Union
<DELETED>Sec. 611. Sense of Congress on coordination with allies with
respect to sanctions with respect to the
Russian Federation.
<DELETED>Sec. 612. Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department
of State.
<DELETED>Sec. 613. Report on coordination of sanctions between the
United States and European Union.
<DELETED>Subtitle C--Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the
Russian Federation
<DELETED>Sec. 621. Definitions.
<DELETED>Sec. 622. Updated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities
of the Russian Federation.
<DELETED>Sec. 623. Report on section 224 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
<DELETED>Sec. 624. Report on section 225 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
<DELETED>Sec. 625. Report on section 226 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
<DELETED>Sec. 626. Report on section 228 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
<DELETED>Sec. 627. Report on section 233 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
<DELETED>Sec. 628. Report on section 234 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
<DELETED>Subtitle D--General Provisions
<DELETED>Sec. 641. Exception relating to activities of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
<DELETED>Sec. 642. Rule of construction.
<DELETED>TITLE VII--OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
<DELETED>Sec. 701. Determination on designation of the Russian
Federation as a state sponsor of terrorism.
<DELETED>Sec. 702. Expansion of geographic targeting orders of
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network.
<DELETED>Sec. 703. Extension of limitations on importation of uranium
from Russian Federation.
<DELETED>Sec. 704. Establishment of a National Fusion Center to respond
to threats from the Government of the
Russian Federation.
<DELETED>Sec. 705. Countering Russian Influence Fund.
<DELETED>Sec. 706. Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and
Eurasia.
<DELETED>Sec. 707. Addressing abuse and misuse by the Russian
Federation of INTERPOL red notices and red
diffusions.
<DELETED>Sec. 708. Report on accountability for war crimes and crimes
against humanity by the Russian Federation
in Syria.
<DELETED>Sec. 709. Report on activities of the Russian Federation in
Syria.
<DELETED>Sec. 710. Report on the assassination of Boris Nemtsov.
<DELETED>Sec. 711. Report on the personal net worth and assets of
Vladimir Putin.
<DELETED>Sec. 712. Sense of Congress on responsibility of technology
companies for state-sponsored
disinformation.
<DELETED>SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the President should immediately marshal and
support a whole-of-government response by Federal agencies to
address the threat posed by the Government of the Russian
Federation and to work to prevent interference by that
Government and other foreign state actors in United States
institutions and democratic processes;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the President should publicly call for the
Government of the Russian Federation to return Crimea to the
control of the Government of Ukraine, end its support for
Russian-led forces violence in eastern Ukraine, end its
occupation of and support for Russian-led forces on the
territory of Georgia and Moldova, and cease enabling the brutal
regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria to commit war
crimes;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) the Russian Federation should--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) immediately release the Ukrainian
sailors that were detained following an attack by
Russian forces on Ukrainian vessels in the Kerch
Strait; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) abide by its commitments to freedom of
navigation in international waters and allow for
passage of Ukrainian vessels through the
strait;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) the President should unequivocally condemn and
counter the ongoing interference in United States institutions
and democratic processes by the President of the Russian
Federation, Vladimir Putin, his government, and affiliates of
his government;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) the conclusion of the United States
intelligence community and law enforcement agencies and other
United States Government officials that the Russian Federation
has perpetrated, and continues to perpetrate, such
interference, is correct;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) the United States should continue to
participate actively as a member of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization by--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) upholding the Organization's core
principles of collective defense, democratic rule of
law, and peaceful settlement of disputes;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) boosting coordination and deterrence
capacity among member countries; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) supporting accession processes of
prospective member countries who meet the obligations
of membership;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) Congress reiterates its strong support for the
Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511), which
allows for congressional review of an action to waive the
application of sanctions under the provisions of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44;
131 Stat. 886) relating to the Russian Federation or a
licensing action that significantly alters United States
foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (8) sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian
Federation have been most effective when developed and
coordinated in close consultation with the European
Union.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRIMEA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the policy of the United States that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the United States will never recognize the
illegal attempted annexation of Crimea by the Russian
Federation, similar to the 1940 Welles Declaration in which the
United States refused to recognize the Soviet annexation of the
Baltic States;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Crimea is part of the sovereign territory of
Ukraine;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Crimea is part of Ukraine and the United
States rejects attempts to change the status, demographics, or
political nature of Crimea;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) the United States reaffirms its unwavering
support for democracy, human rights, and the rule of law for
all individuals in Crimea, including non-Russian ethnic groups
and religious minorities;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) the United States condemns all human rights
violations against individuals in Crimea, and underscores the
culpability of the Government of the Russian Federation for
such violations while the territory of Crimea is under illegal
Russian occupation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) the United States, in coordination with the
European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and
members of the international community, should prioritize
efforts to prevent the further consolidation of illegal
occupying powers in Crimea, reaffirm unified opposition to the
actions of the Russian Federation in Crimea, and secure the
human rights of individuals there; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) the United States welcomes the sanctions that
have been imposed and maintained as of the date of the
enactment of this Act by the United States and the European
Union against persons engaged in furthering the illegal
occupation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE I--MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle A--Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From
NATO</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 101. OPPOSITION OF THE SENATE TO WITHDRAWAL FROM NORTH
ATLANTIC TREATY.</DELETED>
<DELETED> The Senate opposes any effort to withdraw the United
States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4,
1949.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 102. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may be used
to support, directly or indirectly, any efforts on the part of any
United States Government official to take steps to withdraw the United
States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4,
1949, until such time as the Senate passes, by an affirmative vote of
two-thirds of Members, a resolution advising and consenting to the
withdrawal of the United States from the treaty.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION FOR SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL TO REPRESENT
SENATE IN OPPOSITION TO WITHDRAWAL FROM THE NORTH
ATLANTIC TREATY.</DELETED>
<DELETED> The Senate Legal Counsel is authorized to represent the
Senate in initiating or intervening in any judicial proceedings in any
Federal court of competent jurisdiction, on behalf of the Senate, in
order to oppose any withdrawal of the United States from the North
Atlantic Treaty in the absence of the passage by the Senate of a
resolution described in section 102.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> The Senate Legal Counsel shall report as soon as
practicable to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate with
respect to any judicial proceedings which the Senate Legal Counsel
initiates or in which it intervenes pursuant to this title.</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Strengthening the NATO Alliance</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 111. REPORT ON NATO ALLIANCE RESILIENCE AND UNITED STATES
DIPLOMATIC POSTURE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary
of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit a
report to the appropriate congressional committees providing an
assessment of the threats and challenges facing the NATO alliance and
United States diplomatic posture.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a)
shall include the following elements:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) A review of current and emerging United States
national security interests in the NATO area of
responsibility.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) A review of current United States political
and diplomatic engagement and political-military coordination
with NATO and NATO member states.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Options for the realignment of United States
engagement with NATO to respond to new threats and challenges
presented by the Government of the Russian Federation to the
NATO alliance, as well as new opportunities presented by allies
and partners.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) The views of counterpart governments,
including heads of state, heads of government, political
leaders, and military commanders in the region.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 112. EXPEDITED NATO EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES TRANSFER
PROGRAM.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with
the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report with recommendations regarding the need for and
suitability of transferring excess defense articles under this section
to countries in the NATO alliance, with particular emphasis on the
foreign policy benefits as it pertains to those member states currently
purchasing defense articles or services from the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Period for Review by Congress of Recommendations for
EDA Transfer to NATO Members.--During the 30-calendar-day period
following submission by the Secretary of Defense of the report required
under subsection (a), the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives
shall, as appropriate, hold hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain
information in order to fully review the recommendations included in
the report.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Transfer Authority.--The President is authorized to
transfer such excess defense articles in a fiscal year as the Secretary
of Defense recommends pursuant to this section to countries for which
receipt of such articles was justified pursuant to the annual
congressional presentation documents for military assistance programs,
or for which receipt of such articles was separately justified to
Congress, for such fiscal year.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Limitations on Transfers.--The President may transfer
excess defense articles under this section only if--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) such articles are drawn from existing stocks
of the Department of Defense;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) funds available to the Department of Defense
for the procurement of defense equipment are not expended in
connection with the transfer;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) the President determines that the transfer of
such articles will not have an adverse impact on the military
readiness of the United States;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) with respect to a proposed transfer of such
articles on a grant basis, the President determines that the
transfer is preferable to a transfer on a sales basis, after
taking into account the potential proceeds from, and likelihood
of, such sales, and the comparative foreign policy benefits
that may accrue to the United States as the result of a
transfer on either a grant or sales basis; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) the President determines that the transfer of
such articles will not have an adverse impact on the national
technology and industrial base and, particularly, will not
reduce the opportunities of entities in the national technology
and industrial base to sell new or used equipment to the
countries to which such articles are transferred.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Terms of Transfers.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) No cost to recipient country.--Excess defense
articles may be transferred under this section without cost to
the recipient country.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Priority.--Notwithstanding any other provision
of law, the delivery of excess defense articles under this
section to member countries of NATO that still purchase defense
goods and services from the Russian Federation and pledge to
decrease such purchases shall be given priority to the maximum
extent feasible over the delivery of such excess defense
articles to other countries.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Transportation and related costs.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) In general.--Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), funds available to the Department of
Defense may not be expended for crating, packing,
handling, and transportation of excess defense articles
transferred under the authority of this
section.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) Exception.--The President may provide
for the transportation of excess defense articles
without charge to a country for the costs of such
transportation if--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) it is determined that it is in
the national interest of the United States to
do so;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) the recipient is a NATO
member state currently purchasing defense goods
and services from the Russian Federation that
has pledged to reduce such purchases;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) the total weight of the
transfer does not exceed 50,000 pounds;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) such transportation is
accomplished on a space available
basis.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 113. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> In this subtitle:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The
term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations,
the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on
Appropriations of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on
Appropriations of the House of
Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) NATO.--The term ``NATO'' means the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE II--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
STATE</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle A--Public Diplomacy Modernization</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 201. AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF PROGRAMS AND
EFFORTS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public
Affairs of the Department of State shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency
of operations, including through improved coordination of
efforts across public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the
Department; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) maximize shared use of resources between, and
within, such public diplomacy bureaus and offices in cases in
which programs, facilities, or administrative functions are
duplicative or substantially overlapping.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 202. IMPROVING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF PUBLIC
DIPLOMACY.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--The Secretary of State shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) conduct regular research and evaluation of
public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department,
including through the routine use of audience research, digital
analytics, and impact evaluations, to plan and execute such
programs and activities; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) make the findings of the research and
evaluations conducted under paragraph (1) available to
Congress.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Director of Research and Evaluation.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Appointment.--Not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall appoint
a Director of Research and Evaluation in the Office of Policy,
Planning, and Resources for the Under Secretary for Public
Diplomacy and Public Affairs.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Limitation on appointment.--The appointment of
a Director of Research and Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1)
shall not result in an increase in the overall full-time
equivalent positions within the Department.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Responsibilities.--The Director of Research
and Evaluation shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) coordinate and oversee the research
and evaluation of public diplomacy programs of the
Department of State--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) to improve public diplomacy
strategies and tactics; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) to ensure that programs are
increasing the knowledge, understanding, and
trust of the United States among relevant
target audiences;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) report to the Director of Policy and
Planning in the Office of Policy, Planning, and
Resources under the Under Secretary for Public
Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the
Department;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) routinely organize and oversee
audience research, digital analytics, and impact
evaluations across all public diplomacy bureaus and
offices of the Department;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) support embassy public affairs
sections;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (E) share appropriate public diplomacy
research and evaluation information within the
Department and with other Federal departments and
agencies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (F) regularly design and coordinate
standardized research questions, methodologies, and
procedures to ensure that public diplomacy activities
across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices are
designed to meet appropriate foreign policy objectives;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (G) report biannually to the United States
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, through the
Commission's Subcommittee on Research and Evaluation
established pursuant to subsection (f), regarding the
research and evaluation of all public diplomacy bureaus
and offices of the Department.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) Guidance and training.--Not later than one
year after the appointment of the Director of Research and
Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1), the Director shall create
guidance and training for all public diplomacy officers
regarding the reading and interpretation of public diplomacy
program evaluation findings to ensure that such findings and
lessons learned are implemented in the planning and evaluation
of all public diplomacy programs and activities throughout the
Department.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Prioritizing Research and Evaluation.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--The Director of Policy, Planning,
and Resources shall ensure that research and evaluation, as
coordinated and overseen by the Director of Research and
Evaluation, supports strategic planning and resource allocation
across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the
Department.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Allocation of resources.--Amounts allocated
for the purposes of research and evaluation of public diplomacy
programs and activities pursuant to subsection (a) shall be
made available to be disbursed at the direction of the Director
of Research and Evaluation among the research and evaluation
staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the
Department.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of
Congress that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) the Under Secretary for Public
Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Department of State
should coordinate the human and financial resources
that support the Department's public diplomacy and
public affairs programs and activities;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) proposals or plans related to resource
allocations for public diplomacy bureaus and offices
should be routed through the Office of the Under
Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs for
review and clearance; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) the Department should allocate, for
the purposes of research and evaluation of public
diplomacy activities and programs pursuant to
subsection (a)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) 3 to 5 percent of program
funds made available under the heading
``Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs'';
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) 3 to 5 percent of program
funds allocated for public diplomacy programs
under the heading ``Diplomatic and Consular
Programs''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Limited Exemption.--Chapter 35 of title 44, United
States Code (commonly known as the ``Paperwork Reduction Act'') shall
not apply to collections of information directed at foreign individuals
conducted by, or on behalf of, the Department of State for the purpose
of audience research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connection
with the Department's activities conducted pursuant to the United
States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431
et seq.), the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), section 1287 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 22 U.S.C.
2656 note), or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et
seq.).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Limited Exemption to the Privacy Act.--The Department
shall maintain, collect, use, and disseminate records (as such term is
defined in section 552a(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code) for
research and data analysis of public diplomacy efforts intended for
foreign audiences. Such research and data analysis shall be reasonably
tailored to meet the purposes of this subsection and shall be carried
out with due regard for privacy and civil liberties guidance and
oversight.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (f) Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Subcommittee for research and evaluation.--The
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy shall establish a
Subcommittee for Research and Evaluation to monitor and advise
on the research and evaluation activities of the Department and
the United States Agency for Global Media.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Report.--The Subcommittee for Research and
Evaluation established pursuant to paragraph (1) shall submit
an annual report to Congress in conjunction with the Commission
on Public Diplomacy's Comprehensive Annual Report on the
performance of the Department and the United States Agency for
Global Media in carrying out research and evaluations of their
respective public diplomacy programming.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Repeal of sunset.--Section 1334 of the Foreign
Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6553)
is hereby repealed.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (g) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Audience research.--The term ``audience
research'' means research conducted at the outset of a public
diplomacy program or campaign planning and design on specific
audience segments to understand the attitudes, interests,
knowledge, and behaviors of such audience segments.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Digital analytics.--The term ``digital
analytics'' means the analysis of qualitative and quantitative
data, accumulated in digital format, to indicate the outputs
and outcomes of a public diplomacy program or
campaign.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Impact evaluation.--The term ``impact
evaluation'' means an assessment of the changes in the audience
targeted by a public diplomacy program or campaign that can be
attributed to such program or campaign.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) Public diplomacy bureaus and offices.--The
term ``public diplomacy bureaus and offices'' means the Bureau
of Educational and Cultural Affairs, the Bureau of Public
Affairs, the Bureau of International Information Programs, the
Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources, the Global
Engagement Center, and the public diplomacy functions within
the regional and functional bureaus.</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Other Matters</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 211. DEPARTMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO
CYBERSPACE POLICY.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy.--Section
1 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C.
2651a) is amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection
(h); and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(g) Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy.--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) In general.--There is established, within
the Department of State, an Office of Cyberspace and the
Digital Economy (referred to in this subsection as the
`Office'). The head of the Office shall have the rank and
status of ambassador and shall be appointed by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Duties.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) In general.--The head of the Office
shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as
the Secretary of State shall prescribe, including
implementing the United States international cyberspace
policy strategy issued by the Department of State in
March 2016 pursuant to section 402 of the Cybersecurity
Act of 2015 (division N of Public Law 114-113; 129
Stat. 2978).</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Duties described.--The principal
duties and responsibilities of the head of the Office
shall be--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) to serve as the principal
cyber policy official within the senior
management of the Department of State and as
the advisor to the Secretary of State for cyber
issues;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) to lead the Department of
State's diplomatic cyberspace efforts,
including efforts relating to international
cybersecurity, Internet access, Internet
freedom, digital economy, cybercrime,
deterrence and international responses to cyber
threats, and other issues that the Secretary
assigns to the Office;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iii) to promote an open,
interoperable, reliable, unfettered, and secure
information and communications technology
infrastructure for all critical infrastructure
globally;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(iv) to represent the Secretary
of State in interagency efforts to develop and
advance cyberspace policy described in
subparagraph (A);</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(v) to coordinate cyberspace
efforts and other relevant functions, including
countering terrorists' use of cyberspace,
within the Department of State and with other
components of the United States
Government;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(vi) to act as a liaison to
public and private sector entities on relevant
cyberspace issues;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(vii) to lead United States
Government efforts to establish a global
deterrence framework;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(viii) to develop and execute
adversary-specific strategies to influence
adversary decisionmaking through the imposition
of costs and deterrence strategies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ix) to advise the Secretary and
coordinate with foreign governments on external
responses to national security level cyber
incidents, including coordination on diplomatic
response efforts to support allies threatened
by malicious cyber activity, in conjunction
with members of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and other like-minded
countries;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(x) to promote the adoption of
national processes and programs that enable
threat detection, prevention, and response to
malicious cyber activity emanating from the
territory of a foreign country, including as
such activity relates to the European allies of
the United States, as appropriate;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xi) to promote the building of
foreign capacity to protect the global network
with the goal of enabling like-minded
participation in deterrence
frameworks;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xii) to promote the maintenance
of an open and interoperable Internet governed
by the multi-stakeholder model, instead of by
centralized government control;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xiii) to promote an
international regulatory environment for
technology investments and the Internet that
benefits United States economic and national
security interests;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xiv) to promote cross border
flow of data and combat international
initiatives seeking to impose unreasonable
requirements on United States
businesses;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xv) to promote international
policies to protect the integrity of United
States and international telecommunications
infrastructure from foreign-based, cyber-
enabled threats;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xvi) to serve as the
interagency coordinator for the United States
Government on engagement with foreign
governments on cyberspace and digital economy
issues described in the Defending American
Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of
2019;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xvii) to promote international
policies to secure radio frequency spectrum for
United States businesses and national security
needs;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xviii) to promote and protect
the exercise of human rights, including freedom
of speech and religion, through the
Internet;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xix) to build capacity of
United States diplomatic officials to engage on
cyber issues;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xx) to encourage the
development and adoption by foreign countries
of internationally recognized standards,
policies, and best practices; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xxi) to promote and advance
international policies that protect
individuals' private data.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(3) Qualifications.--The head of the Office
should be an individual of demonstrated competency in the
fields of--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) cybersecurity and other relevant
cyber issues; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) international diplomacy.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(4) Organizational placement.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) Initial placement.--During the 4-
year period beginning on the date of the enactment of
the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression
Act of 2019, the head of the Office shall report to the
Under Secretary for Political Affairs or to an official
holding a higher position than the Under Secretary for
Political Affairs in the Department of State.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Subsequent placement.--After the
conclusion of the 4-year period referred to in
subparagraph (A), the head of the Office shall report
to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) an appropriate Under
Secretary; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) an official holding a
higher position than Under Secretary.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(5) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this
subsection may be construed to preclude--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) the Office from being elevated to a
Bureau within the Department of State; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) the head of the Office from being
elevated to an Assistant Secretary, if such an
Assistant Secretary position does not increase the
number of Assistant Secretary positions at the
Department above the number authorized under subsection
(c)(1).''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
the Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy established under
section 1(g) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as
added by subsection (a)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) should be a Bureau of the Department of State
headed by an Assistant Secretary, subject to the rule of
construction specified in paragraph (5)(B) of such section
1(g); and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) should coordinate with other bureaus of the
Department of State and use all tools at the disposal of the
Office to combat activities taken by the Russian Federation, or
on behalf of the Russian Federation, to undermine the
cybersecurity and democratic values of the United States and
other nations.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) United Nations.--The Permanent Representative of the
United States to the United Nations should use the voice, vote, and
influence of the United States to oppose any measure that is
inconsistent with the United States international cyberspace policy
strategy issued by the Department of State in March 2016 pursuant to
section 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (division N of Public Law
114-113; 129 Stat. 2978).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 212. ENHANCED HIRING AUTHORITY FOR DEPARTMENT OF
STATE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning
given the term in section 5721 of title 5, United States
Code.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Appropriation.--The term ``appropriation''
includes funds made available by statute and under section 9104
of title 31, United States Code.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Schedule a.--The term ``Schedule A'' means
positions other than those of a confidential or policy-
determining character for which it is impracticable to examine,
pursuant to section 213.3101 of title 5, Code of Federal
Regulations, or successor regulation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Authority.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Secretary of State may procure the services
of Schedule A employees in the amount and for the offices
specified in paragraph (2) for the purpose of hiring
individuals with special qualifications, including prior work
experience involving economic or financial sanctions, for the
development and implementation of economic and financial
sanctions.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Assignment of schedule a employees.--Using the
authority provided under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State
may procure the services of--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) not to exceed 5 Schedule A employees
for the Office of Sanctions Coordination to be
established pursuant to subsection (h) of section 1 of
the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22
U.S.C. 2651a), as added by section 612; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) not to exceed 15 Schedule A employees
for the Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions component
of the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB/
TFS).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Limitation.--Positions in the Senior Executive Service
may not be filled using the authority provided under subsection
(b).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Equal Opportunity and Non-Discrimination.--The
Secretary of State shall ensure compliance with equal opportunity and
other non-discrimination regulations of the United States Government in
exercising the authority provided under subsection (b).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Report.--The Secretary of State shall report to the
Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis with respect to the
number of Schedule A employees employed by the Department of State
using the authority provided under subsection (b).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 213. SENSE OF CONGRESS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the United States Agency for Global Media and
its grantee networks have a critical mission to inform, engage,
and connect people around the world in support of freedom and
democracy; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) those networks must adhere to professional
journalistic standards and integrity and not engage in
disinformation activities.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE III--CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> This title may be cited as the ``Chemical Weapons
Nonproliferation Act of 2019''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 302. FINDINGS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Congress makes the following findings:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) The international norm against the use of
chemical weapons has severely eroded since 2012. At least 4
actors between 2012 and the date of the enactment of this Act
have used chemical weapons: Syria, North Korea, the Russian
Federation, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in
Iraq and Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) On March 4, 2018, the Government of the
Russian Federation knowingly used novichok, a lethal chemical
agent, in an attempt to kill former Russian military
intelligence officer Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia, in
Salisbury, United Kingdom.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) In September 2018, the Government of the
United Kingdom charged 2 Russian suspects with the poisoning of
Sergei and Yulia Skripal, further highlighting the culpability
of the Government of the Russian Federation in the
attack.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) On June 27, 2018, the Organisation for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (commonly known as the
``OPCW''), during its Fourth Special Session of the Conference
of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention,
adopted a decision to ``put in place arrangements to identify
the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian
Arab Republic by identifying and reporting on all information
potentially relevant to the origin of those chemical weapons in
those instances in which the OPCW Fact-Finding Mission in Syria
determines or has determined that use or likely use occurred,
and cases for which the OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism
has not issued a report; and decide[d] also that the
Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its investigations
to the Council and to the United Nations Secretary-General for
their consideration''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) In addition, during the Fourth Special
Session, the State Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention
voted to provide new powers to the Director-General of the OPCW
to attribute chemical weapons attacks. The decision ``affirms
that, whenever a chemical weapons use occurs on the territory
of a State Party, those who were the perpetrators, organizers,
sponsors or otherwise involved should be identified, and
underscores the added value of the Secretariat conducting an
independent investigation of an alleged use of chemical weapons
with a view to facilitating universal attribution of all
chemical weapons attacks''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) Finally, the decision of the State Parties to
the Chemical Weapons Convention allows ``the Director-General,
if requested by a State Party investigating a possible chemical
weapons use on its territory, [to] provide technical expertise
to identify those who were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors
or otherwise involved in the use of chemicals as
weapons''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) The Government of the Russian Federation
attempted to impede the adoption of the identification
mechanism in the Fourth Special Session, and has repeatedly
worked to degrade the OPCW's ability to identify chemical
weapons users.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (8) The Government of the Russian Federation has
shown itself to be unwilling or incapable of compelling the
President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, an ally of the Russian
Federation, to stop using chemical weapons against the civilian
population in Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (9) The United States remains steadfast in its
commitment to its key ally the United Kingdom, its commitment
to the mutual defense of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, and its commitment to the Chemical Weapons
Convention.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (10) Thirty-four countries, including the United
States, have joined the International Partnership against
Impunity for the use of Chemical Weapons, which represents a
political commitment by participating countries to hold to
account persons responsible for the use of chemical
weapons.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (11) The Defense Ministry of the Government of the
Netherlands exposed 4 Russians as agents of the GRU
intelligence service who had attempted to hack OPCW networks
during the OPCW's investigation of the poisoning of Sergei and
Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, United Kingdom.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 303. STATEMENT OF POLICY.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It shall be the policy of the United States--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) to protect and defend the interests of the
United States, allies of the United States, and the
international community at large from the continuing threat of
chemical weapons and their proliferation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) to maintain a steadfast commitment to the
Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) to promote and strengthen the investigative
and identification mechanisms of the OPCW, including the
development of a new OPCW laboratory and enhancements to the
OPCW network of designated laboratories, through the provision
of additional resources and technical equipment to better allow
the OPCW to detect, identify, and attribute chemical weapons
attacks;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) to pressure the Government of the Russian
Federation to halt its efforts to degrade the international
efforts of the United Nations and the OPCW to investigate
chemical weapons attacks and to designate perpetrators of such
attacks by--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) highlighting within international
fora, including the United Nations General Assembly and
the OPCW, the repeated efforts of the Government of the
Russian Federation to degrade international efforts to
investigate chemical weapons attacks; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) consulting with allies and partners of
the United States with respect to methods for
strengthening the investigative mechanisms of the
OPCW;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) to examine additional avenues for
investigating, identifying, and holding accountable chemical
weapons users if the Government of the Russian Federation
continues in its attempts to block or hinder investigations of
the OPCW; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) to punish the Government of the Russian
Federation for, and deter that Government from, any chemical
weapons production and use through the imposition of sanctions,
diplomatic isolation, and the use of the mechanisms specified
in the Chemical Weapons Convention for violations of the
Convention.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 304. REPORT ON SANCTIONS RELATING TO USE OF CHEMICAL
WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of
State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a
report that includes an assessment of--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) whether the mandatory sanctions required by
the Chemical and Biological Weapons and Warfare Elimination Act
of 1991 (22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) have been imposed with respect
to the Russian Federation; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) whether the Government of the Russian
Federation has taken any steps to avoid sanctions required by
that Act after the determination of the United States with
respect to the use of chemical weapons by the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection
(a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and shall include a
classified annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 305. REPORT ON PRODUCTION AND USE OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the
chemical and biological weapon programs of the Government of the
Russian Federation that includes an assessment of--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) whether that Government has production
capabilities in violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention
and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,
Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and
Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, done at Washington,
London, and Moscow April 10, 1972, and entered into force March
26, 1975 (26 UST 583);</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) any use by that Government of chemical or
biological weapons during the 10-year period preceding
submission of the report; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) any direct or indirect support, including
transfers of material, knowledge, or technology, by that
Government for the chemical or biological weapons programs of
other countries or non-state actors.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection
(a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a
classified annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated
to the Secretary of State $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020
through 2024, to be provided to the OPCW as a voluntary contribution
pursuant to section 301(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2221(a)) for the purpose of strengthening the OPCW's
investigative and identification mechanisms for chemical weapons
attacks.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Availability of Funds.--Amounts authorized to be
appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain available until
expended.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 307. CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION DEFINED.</DELETED>
<DELETED> In this title, the term ``Chemical Weapons Convention''
means the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production,
Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, done
at Geneva September 3, 1992, and entered into force April 29,
1997.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE IV--INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> This title may be cited as the ``International Cybercrime
Prevention Act''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 402. PREDICATE OFFENSES.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in section 1956(c)(7)(D)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) by striking ``or section 2339D'' and
inserting ``section 2339D''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) by striking ``of this title, section
46502'' and inserting ``, or section 2512 (relating to
the manufacture, distribution, possession, and
advertising of wire, oral, or electronic communication
intercepting devices) of this title, section 46502'';
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in section 1961(1), by inserting ``section
1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in connection with
computers) if the act indictable under section 1030 is
felonious,'' before ``section 1084''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 403. FORFEITURE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Section 2513 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended to read as follows:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``Sec. 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic
communication intercepting devices and other
property</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) Criminal Forfeiture.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) In general.--The court, in imposing a
sentence on any person convicted of a violation of section 2511
or 2512, or convicted of conspiracy to violate section 2511 or
2512, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed
and irrespective of any provision of State law, that such
person forfeit to the United States--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) such person's interest in any
property, real or personal, that was used or intended
to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of
such violation; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) any property, real or personal,
constituting or derived from any gross proceeds, or any
property traceable to such property, that such person
obtained or retained directly or indirectly as a result
of such violation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Forfeiture procedures.--Pursuant to section
2461(c) of title 28, the provisions of section 413 of the
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), other than
subsection (d) thereof, shall apply to criminal forfeitures
under this subsection.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Civil Forfeiture.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) In general.--The following shall be subject
to forfeiture to the United States in accordance with
provisions of chapter 46 and no property right shall exist in
them:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) Any property, real or personal, used
or intended to be used, in any manner, to commit, or
facilitate the commission of a violation of section
2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to violate section 2511
or 2512.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Any property, real or personal,
constituting, or traceable to the gross proceeds taken,
obtained, or retained in connection with or as a result
of a violation of section 2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy
to violate section 2511 or 2512.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Forfeiture procedures.--Seizures and
forfeitures under this subsection shall be governed by the
provisions of chapter 46, relating to civil forfeitures, except
that such duties as are imposed on the Secretary of the
Treasury under the customs laws described in section 981(d)
shall be performed by such officers, agents, and other persons
as may be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of
Homeland Security or the Attorney General.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of
sections for chapter 119 is amended by striking the item relating to
section 2513 and inserting the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic
communication intercepting devices and
other property.''.
<DELETED>SEC. 404. SHUTTING DOWN BOTNETS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Amendment.--Section 1345 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in the heading, by inserting ``and abuse''
after ``fraud'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in subsection (a)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in paragraph (1)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) in subparagraph (B), by
striking ``or'' at the end;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) in subparagraph (C), by
inserting ``or'' after the semicolon;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) by inserting after
subparagraph (C) the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) violating or about to violate
section 1030(a)(5) of this title where such conduct has
caused or would cause damage (as defined in section
1030) without authorization to 100 or more protected
computers (as defined in section 1030) during any 1-
year period, including by--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) impairing the availability
or integrity of the protected computers without
authorization; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) installing or maintaining
control over malicious software on the
protected computers that, without
authorization, has caused or would cause damage
to the protected computers;''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter
preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, a
violation described in subsection (a)(1)(D),'' before
``or a Federal''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(c) A restraining order, prohibition, or other action
described in subsection (b), if issued in circumstances described in
subsection (a)(1)(D), may, upon application of the Attorney General--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) specify that no cause of action shall lie in
any court against a person for complying with the restraining
order, prohibition, or other action; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) provide that the United States shall pay to
such person a fee for reimbursement for such costs as are
reasonably necessary and which have been directly incurred in
complying with the restraining order, prohibition, or other
action.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of
sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
striking the item relating to section 1345 and inserting the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``1345. Injunctions against fraud and abuse.''.
<DELETED>SEC. 405. AGGRAVATED DAMAGE TO A CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
COMPUTER.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Chapter 47 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended by inserting after section 1030 the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``Sec. 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure
computer</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) Offense.--It shall be unlawful, during and in
relation to a felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly cause or
attempt to cause damage to a critical infrastructure computer, if such
damage results in (or, in the case of an attempted offense, would, if
completed, have resulted in) the substantial impairment--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) of the operation of the critical
infrastructure computer; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) of the critical infrastructure associated
with such computer.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (a)
shall, in addition to the term of punishment provided for the felony
violation of section 1030, be fined under this title, imprisoned for
not more than 20 years, or both.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(c) Consecutive Sentence.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) a court shall not place any person convicted
of a violation of this section on probation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no term
of imprisonment imposed on a person under this section shall
run concurrently with any term of imprisonment imposed on the
person under any other provision of law, including any term of
imprisonment imposed for the felony violation of section
1030;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(3) in determining any term of imprisonment to
be imposed for the felony violation of section 1030, a court
shall not in any way reduce the term to be imposed for such
violation to compensate for, or otherwise take into account,
any separate term of imprisonment imposed or to be imposed for
a violation of this section; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a person
for a violation of this section may, in the discretion of the
court, run concurrently, in whole or in part, only with another
term of imprisonment that is imposed by the court at the same
time on that person for an additional violation of this
section, if such discretion shall be exercised in accordance
with any applicable guidelines and policy statements issued by
the United States Sentencing Commission pursuant to section 994
of title 28.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(d) Definitions.--In this section--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) the terms `computer' and `damage' have the
meanings given the terms in section 1030; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) the term `critical infrastructure' means
systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to
the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such
systems and assets would have catastrophic regional or national
effects on public health or safety, economic security, or
national security, including voter registration databases,
voting machines, and other communications systems that manage
the election process or report and display results on behalf of
State and local governments.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Table of Sections.--The table of sections for chapter
47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the
item relating to section 1030 the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure
computer.''.
<DELETED>SEC. 406. STOPPING TRAFFICKING IN BOTNETS;
FORFEITURE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in subsection (a)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in paragraph (7), by adding ``or'' at
the end; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(8) intentionally traffics in the means of
access to a protected computer, if--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) the trafficker knows or has reason
to know the protected computer has been damaged in a
manner prohibited by this section; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) the promise or agreement to pay for
the means of access is made by, or on behalf of, a
person the trafficker knows or has reason to know
intends to use the means of access to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) damage a protected computer
in a manner prohibited by this section;
or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) violate section 1037 or
1343;'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in subsection (c)(3)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``(a)(4) or (a)(7)'' and inserting ``(a)(4), (a)(7), or
(a)(8)''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking
``(a)(4), or (a)(7)'' and inserting ``(a)(4), (a)(7),
or (a)(8)'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) in subsection (e)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in paragraph (11), by striking ``and''
at the end;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in paragraph (12), by striking the
period at the end and inserting ``; and'';
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) by adding at the end the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(13) the term `traffic', except as provided in
subsection (a)(6), means transfer, or otherwise dispose of, to
another as consideration for the receipt of, or as
consideration for a promise or agreement to pay, anything of
pecuniary value.'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by
inserting ``, except for a violation of subsection (a)(8),''
after ``of this section''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) by striking subsections (i) and (j) and
inserting the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) Criminal Forfeiture.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any
person convicted of a violation of this section, or convicted
of conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, in addition
to any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any provision
of State law, that such person forfeit to the United States--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) such person's interest in any
property, real or personal, that was used or intended
to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of
such violation; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) any property, real or personal,
constituting or derived from any gross proceeds, or any
property traceable to such property, that such person
obtained, directly or indirectly, as a result of such
violation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under
this subsection, including any seizure and disposition of the
property, and any related judicial or administrative
proceeding, shall be governed by the provisions of section 413
of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), except
subsection (d) of that section.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(j) Civil Forfeiture of Property Used in the Commission
of an Offense.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) Any personal property, including any
Internet domain name or Internet Protocol address, that was
used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the
commission of any violation of this section, or a conspiracy to
violate this section shall be subject to forfeiture to the
United States, and no property right shall exist in such
property.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this
subsection shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 46
relating to civil forfeitures, except that such duties as are
imposed on the Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws
described in section 981(d) shall be performed by such
officers, agents, and other persons as may be designated for
that purpose by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the
Attorney General.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE V--COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 501. PROHIBITION ON INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING
SYSTEMS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Section 1030(e) of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in paragraph (2)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``or'' at the end;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in subparagraph (B), by adding ``or''
at the end; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) by adding at the end the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) is part of a voting system;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii)(I) is used for the
management, support, or administration of a
Federal election; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(II) has moved in or otherwise
affects interstate or foreign
commerce;'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in paragraph (11), by striking ``and'' at the
end;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(13) the term `Federal election' means any
election (as defined in section 301(1) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(1))) for Federal office
(as defined in section 301(3) of the Federal Election Campaign
Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(3))); and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(14) the term `voting system' has the meaning
given the term in section 301(b) of the Help America Vote Act
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(b)).''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 502. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS SEEKING TO INTERFERE IN
UNITED STATES ELECTIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Defined Term.--Section 101(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(53) The term `improper interference in a United
States election' means conduct by an alien that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A)(i) violates Federal criminal, voting
rights, or campaign finance law; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) is under the direction of a foreign
government; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) interferes with a general or primary
Federal, State, or local election or caucus,
including--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(i) the campaign of a candidate;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ii) a ballot measure,
including--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(I) an
amendment;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(II) a bond
issue;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(III) an
initiative;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(IV) a recall;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(V) a referral;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(VI) a
referendum.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Improper Interference in United States Elections.--
Section 212(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1182(a)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(H) Improper interference in a united
states election.--Any alien who is seeking admission to
the United States to engage in improper interference in
a United States election, or who has engaged in
improper interference in a United States election, is
inadmissible.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE VI--SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle A--Expansion of Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ROLE OF SANCTIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the sense of Congress that economic and financial
sanctions, when used as part of a coordinated and comprehensive
strategy, are a powerful tool to advance United States foreign policy
and national security interests.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 602. SANCTIONS RELATED TO INTERFERENCE OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION WITH DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES AND
ELECTIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.) is
amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) by redesignating sections 235, 236, 237, and
238 as sections 239E, 239F, 239H, and 239I, respectively;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) by inserting after section 234 the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 235. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS WITH
CERTAIN RUSSIAN POLITICAL FIGURES AND
OLIGARCHS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``On and after the date that is 180 days after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions
described in section 224(b) with respect to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) political figures, oligarchs, and other
persons that facilitate illicit and corrupt activities,
directly or indirectly, on behalf of the President of the
Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and persons acting for or
on behalf of such political figures, oligarchs, and
persons;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Russian parastatal entities that facilitate
illicit and corrupt activities, directly or indirectly, on
behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir
Putin;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(3) family members of persons described in
paragraph (1) or (2) that derive significant benefits from such
illicit and corrupt activities; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(4) persons, including financial institutions,
engaging in significant transactions with persons described in
paragraph (1), (2), or (3).</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 236. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS WITH THE
CYBER SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``On and after the date that is 60 days after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions
described in section 224(b) with respect to a person, including any
financial institution, that the President determines--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) knowingly engages in significant
transactions with any person in the Russian Federation that
supports or facilitates malicious cyber activities;
or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) is knowingly owned or controlled by, or
knowingly acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, directly
or indirectly, a person that engages in significant
transactions described in paragraph (1).</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 237. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO
INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORT
FACILITIES.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) In General.--On and after the date that is 180 days
after the date of the enactment of the Defending American Security from
Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose five or more
of the sanctions described in section 239E with respect to a person if
the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after such
date of enactment, makes an investment described in subsection (b) in a
liquefied natural gas export facility located outside of the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Investment Described.--An investment described in
this subsection is an investment that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) directly and significantly contributes to
the ability of the Russian Federation to construct liquefied
natural gas export facilities outside of the Russian
Federation; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2)(A) has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or
more; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) during a 12-month period, has an aggregate
fair market value of $5,000,000 or more.</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 238. PROHIBITION ON TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO NEW
SOVEREIGN DEBT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date
of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall prescribe regulations
prohibiting United States persons from engaging in transactions with,
providing financing for, or otherwise dealing in, Russian sovereign
debt issued on or after the date that is 90 days after such date of
enactment.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Russian Sovereign Debt Defined.--In this section,
the term `Russian sovereign debt' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) bonds issued by the Central Bank, the
National Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the Russian
Federation, or agents or affiliates of any of those entities,
with a maturity of more than 14 days;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) foreign exchange swap agreements with the
Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury
of the Russian Federation with a duration of more than 14 days;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(3) any other financial instrument, the duration
or maturity of which is more than 14 days, that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) was issued by a Russian financial
institution on behalf of the Government of the Russian
Federation; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) the President determines otherwise
represents the sovereign debt of the Government of the
Russian Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 239. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS THAT SUPPORT INTERFERENCE IN DEMOCRATIC
PROCESSES OR ELECTIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``On and after the date that is 90 days after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions
described in section 224(b)(1) with respect to any Russian financial
institution that the President determines has, on or after such date of
enactment, provided financial or other support for interference by the
Government of the Russian Federation in the democratic process or
elections of any country other than the Russian
Federation.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 603. SANCTIONS RELATING TO THE ACTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION WITH RESPECT TO UKRAINE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.),
as amended by section 602, is further amended by inserting after
section 239 the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 239A. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO
INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY RUSSIAN
STATE-OWNED OR PARASTATAL ENTITIES OUTSIDE OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``On and after the date that is 180 days after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose five or more of the
sanctions described in section 239E with respect to a person if the
President determines that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) the person knowingly, on or after such date
of enactment, invests in an energy project outside of the
Russian Federation that is supported by a Russian parastatal
entity or an entity owned or controlled by the Government of
the Russian Federation; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) the total value of the project exceeds or is
reasonably expected to exceed $250,000,000.</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 239B. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF CRUDE OIL RESOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) In General.--The President shall impose five or more
of the sanctions described in section 239E with respect to a person if
the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after the
date of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, sells, leases, or provides to the Russian
Federation goods, services, technology, financing, or support described
in subsection (b)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) any of which has a fair market value of
$1,000,000 or more; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an
aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Goods, Services, Technology, Financing, or Support
Described.--Goods, services, technology, financing, or support
described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, financing
or support that could directly and significantly contribute to the
Russian Federation's--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) ability to develop crude oil resources
located in the Russian Federation; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) production of crude oil resources in the
Russian Federation, including any direct and significant
assistance with respect to the construction, modernization, or
repair of infrastructure that would facilitate the development
of crude oil resources located in the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(c) Applicability.--The requirement to impose sanctions
under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to the maintenance of
projects that are ongoing as of the date of the enactment of the
Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of
2019.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(d) Requirement To Issue Guidance.--Not later than 90
days after the date of enactment of the Defending American Security
from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the Secretary of State, in
consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of
Energy, shall issue regulations--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) clarifying how the exception under
subsection (c) will be applied; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) listing specific goods, services,
technology, financing, and support covered by subsection
(b).</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 239C. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN DETENTION OF 24
UKRAINIAN NAVAL PERSONNEL ON AND AFTER NOVEMBER 25,
2018.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date
of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions
described in section 224(b) with respect to not fewer than 24 senior
officers of the Russian Federal Security Service who had not been
sanctioned by the United States before such date of
enactment.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Duration.--Sanctions imposed under subsection (a)
shall remain in effect until the date on which the Secretary of State
determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees
that the Ukrainian naval personnel detained by forces of the Russian
Federation on November 25, 2018, are no longer in detention.</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 239D. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS BY THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) Determination of Violation.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after
the date of the enactment of the Defending American Security
from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, and every 180 days
thereafter, the Secretary of State shall determine and certify
to the committees specified in subsection (d) whether the
Government of the Russian Federation, including the armed
forces or coast guard of the Russian Federation, has interfered
with the freedom of navigation of one or more vessels in the
Kerch Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with
international law during the 180 days preceding the
certification.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Publication of certification.--Not later
than 15 days after submitting a certification under paragraph
(1), the Secretary shall publish the certification in the
Federal Register.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Imposition of Sanctions.--On and after the date that
is 90 days after the publication of a certification under paragraph (2)
of subsection (a) indicating that the Government of the Russian
Federation has interfered with the freedom of navigation of one or more
vessels as described in paragraph (1) of that subsection, all entities
operating in the shipbuilding sector of the Russian Federation shall be
subject to the same restrictions as an entity included on the list of
specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the
Treasury.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(c) Removal of Sanctions.--The restrictions imposed
pursuant to subsection (b) shall remain in effect until the date on
which the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the committees
specified in subsection (d) that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) the Government of the Russian Federation,
including the armed forces and coast guard of the Russian
Federation, has not interfered with the freedom of navigation
of any vessels in the Kerch Strait or elsewhere in a manner
inconsistent with international law during the 3-year period
preceding the submission of that certification; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) the Government of the Russian Federation has
provided assurances that that Government will not engage in
such interference in the future.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(d) Committees Specified.--The committees specified in
this subsection are--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) the appropriate congressional committees;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 604. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Implementation and Penalties.--Part 2 of subtitle A of
title II of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
(22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by sections 602 and 603, is
further amended by inserting after section 239F the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``SEC. 239G. IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(a) Implementation.--The President may exercise all
authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704)
to carry out this part.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to
violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this part or
any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this part shall
be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of
section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50
U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful
act described in subsection (a) of that section.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Definitions.--Section 221 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521) is amended--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph
(7); and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(6) Russian financial institution.--The term
`Russian financial institution' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) a financial institution organized
under the laws of the Russian Federation or any
jurisdiction within the Russian Federation, including a
foreign branch of such an institution;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) a financial institution located in
the Russian Federation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) a financial institution, wherever
located, owned or controlled by the Government of the
Russian Federation; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) a financial institution, wherever
located, owned or controlled by a financial institution
described in subparagraph (A), (B), or
(C).''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act is amended by
striking the items relating to sections 235 through 238 and inserting
the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``Sec. 235. Sanctions with respect to transactions with
certain Russian political figures and
oligarchs.
<DELETED>``Sec. 236. Sanctions with respect to transactions with the
cyber sector of the Russian Federation.
<DELETED>``Sec. 237. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to
investments in Russian liquefied natural
gas export facilities.
<DELETED>``Sec. 238. Prohibition on transactions relating to new
sovereign debt of the Russian Federation.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239. Sanctions with respect to Russian financial
institutions that support interference in
democratic processes or elections.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239A. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to
investments in energy projects supported by
Russian state-owned or parastatal entities
outside of the Russian Federation.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239B. Sanctions with respect to support for the
development of crude oil resources in the
Russian Federation.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239C. Sanctions with respect to Russian detention of 24
Ukrainian naval personnel on and after
November 25, 2018.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239D. Sanctions for violations by the Russian
Federation of freedom of navigation.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239E. Sanctions described.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239F. Exceptions, waiver, and termination.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239G. Implementation and penalties.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239H. Exception relating to activities of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
<DELETED>``Sec. 239I. Rule of construction.''.
<DELETED> (d) Conforming Amendments.--Part 2 of subtitle A of title
II of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22
U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by this section, is further amended--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in section 231, by striking subsection (e);
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) by striking ``section 235'' each place it
appears and inserting ``section 239E''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Guidance.--The President shall, in a prompt and timely
way, publish guidance on the implementation of this subtitle and the
amendments made by this subtitle and any regulations prescribed
pursuant to this subtitle or any such amendment.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 605. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW AND CONTINUED APPLICABILITY OF
SANCTIONS UNDER THE SERGEI MAGNITSKY RULE OF LAW
ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2012.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Section 216(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Russia Sanctions Review Act
of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511(a)(2)(B)(i)) is amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in subclause (II), by striking ``; or'' and
inserting a semicolon;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in subclause (III), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting ``; or''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(IV) the Sergei
Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability
Act of 2012 (title IV of Public Law
112-208; 22 U.S.C. 5811 note);
and''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Coordination With the European Union</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH ALLIES WITH
RESPECT TO SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the sense of Congress that the President should--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) continue to uphold and seek unity with
European and other key partners with respect to sanctions
implemented with respect to the Russian Federation, which have
been effective and instrumental in countering the aggression of
the Russian Federation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) engage to the fullest extent possible with
governments that are partners of the United States with regard
to closing loopholes, including the allowance of extended
prepayment for the delivery of goods and commodities and other
loopholes, in multilateral and unilateral restrictive measures
against the Russian Federation, with the aim of maximizing
alignment of those measures; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) increase efforts to vigorously enforce
compliance with sanctions in place as of the date of the
enactment of this Act with respect to the Russian Federation in
response to the crises in Ukraine and Syria, cyber intrusions
and attacks, and human rights violators in the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 612. OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION OF THE DEPARTMENT
OF STATE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Section 1 of the State Department Basic
Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as amended by section 211,
is further amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection
(i); and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) by inserting after subsection (g) the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(h) Office of Sanctions Coordination.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) In general.--There is established, within
the Department of State, an Office of Sanctions Coordination
(referred to in this subsection as the `Office').</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Head.--The head of the Office shall--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) have the rank and status of
ambassador;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) be appointed by the President, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) report to the Under Secretary for
Political Affairs.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(3) Duties.--The head of the Office shall--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) serve as the principal advisor to
the senior management of the Department and the
Secretary regarding the role of the Department in the
development and implementation of sanctions policy,
including sanctions with respect to the Russian
Federation, Iran, North Korea, and other
countries;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) represent the United States in
diplomatic and multilateral fora on sanctions
matters;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) consult and closely coordinate with
the European Union to ensure the maximum effectiveness
of sanctions imposed by the United States and the
European Union with respect to the Russian
Federation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(D) advise the Secretary directly and
provide input with respect to all activities, policies,
and programs of all bureaus and offices of the
Department relating to the implementation of sanctions
policy; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(E) serve as the principal liaison of
the Department to other Federal agencies involved in
the design and implementation of sanctions
policy.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this
subsection may be construed to preclude--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) the Office from being elevated to a
Bureau within the Department; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) the head of the Office from being
elevated to level of an Assistant
Secretary.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Report Required.--Not later than 60 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the efforts of
the Office of Sanctions Coordination established under the amendments
made by subsection (a) to coordinate sanctions policy with the European
Union.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 613. REPORT ON COORDINATION OF SANCTIONS BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that
includes the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) A description of each instance, during the
period specified in subsection (b)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in which the United States has imposed
sanctions with respect to a person for activity related
to the Russian Federation, but in which the European
Union has not imposed corresponding sanctions;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in which the European Union has
imposed sanctions with respect to a person for activity
related to the Russian Federation, but in which the
United States has not imposed corresponding
sanctions.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) An explanation for the reason for each
discrepancy between sanctions imposed by the European Union and
sanctions imposed by the United States described in
subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Period Specified.--The period specified in this
subsection is--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in the case of the first report submitted
under subsection (a), the period beginning on the date of the
enactment of this Act and ending on the date the report is
submitted; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the
180-day period preceding the submission of the
report.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Form of Report.--The report required by subsection (a)
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified
annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle C--Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the
Russian Federation</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 621. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> In this subtitle:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The
term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations,
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs,
and the Committee on Finance of the Senate;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on
Ways and Means of the House of
Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Senior foreign political figure.--The term
``senior foreign political figure'' has the meaning given that
term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal
Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or
ruling).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 622. UPDATED REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND PARASTATAL ENTITIES
OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Section 241 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 922) is amended--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as
subsections (c) and (d), respectively;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(b) Updated Report.--Not later than 180 days after the
date of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation
with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State,
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an updated
report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Russian Federation
that builds on the report submitted under subsection (a) on January 29,
2018, and that includes the matters described in paragraphs (1) through
(5) of subsection (a).''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by
paragraph (1), by striking ``The report required under
subsection (a)'' and inserting ``The reports required by
subsections (a) and (b)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 623. REPORT ON SECTION 224 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S
ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the
persons that the President has determined under section 224(a)(1)(A) of
the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C.
9524(a)(1)(A)) knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, and
before the date of the report, in significant activities undermining
cybersecurity against any person, including a democratic institution or
government on behalf of the Government of the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall
contain the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) A list of the persons described in subsection
(a).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) A description of diplomatic efforts to work
with governments and democratic institutions in other countries
the cybersecurity of which the President determines has been
undermined by the Government of the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 624. REPORT ON SECTION 225 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S
ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the
foreign persons that the President has determined under section 4(b)(1)
of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8923(b)(1)), as
amended by section 225 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through
Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 910), have knowingly, on or
after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report, made a
significant investment in a special Russian crude oil
project.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 625. REPORT ON SECTION 226 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S
ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the
foreign financial institutions that the President has determined under
section 5(a) of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C.
8924(a)), as amended by section 226 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 910),
have knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date
of the report, in significant transactions involving significant
investments in a special Russian crude oil project described in section
4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 626. REPORT ON SECTION 228 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S
ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the
foreign persons that the President has determined under subsection (a)
of section 10 of the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy,
and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8909), as
added by section 228 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through
Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 911), have, on or after
August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) materially violated, attempted to violate,
conspired to violate, or caused a violation of any license,
order, regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued
pursuant to any covered Executive order (as defined in
subsection (f) of such section 10), the Support for the
Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of
Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8901 et seq.), or the Ukraine
Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.);
or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) facilitated a significant transaction or
transactions, including deceptive or structured transactions,
for or on behalf of--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) any person subject to sanctions
imposed by the United States with respect to the
Russian Federation; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling
of an individual described in subparagraph
(A).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 627. REPORT ON SECTION 233 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S
ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the
foreign persons that the President has determined under section 233 of
the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C.
9527) have made, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the
report, an investment of $10,000,000 or more (or any combination of
investments of not less than $1,000,000 each, which in the aggregate
equals or exceeds $10,000,000 in any 12-month period), or facilitated
such an investment, if the investment directly and significantly
contributes to the ability of the Russian Federation to privatize
state-owned assets in a manner that unjustly benefits--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) officials of the Government of the Russian
Federation; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) close associates or family members of those
officials.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 628. REPORT ON SECTION 234 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S
ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the
foreign persons that the President has determined under section 234 of
the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C.
9528) have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date
of the report, exported, transferred, or otherwise provided to Syria
significant financial, material, or technological support that
contributes materially to the ability of the Government of Syria to--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or
nuclear weapons or related technologies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile
capabilities;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and
types of advanced conventional weapons;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) acquire significant defense articles, defense
services, or defense information (as such terms are defined
under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.));
or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) acquire items designated by the President for
purposes of the United States Munitions List under section
38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
2778(a)(1)).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>Subtitle D--General Provisions</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 641. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL
AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--This title and the amendments made by
this title shall not apply with respect to activities of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this title or the
amendments made by this title shall be construed to authorize the
imposition of any sanction or other condition, limitation, restriction,
or prohibition, that directly or indirectly impedes the supply by any
entity of the Russian Federation of any product or service, or the
procurement of such product or service by any contractor or
subcontractor of the United States or any other entity, relating to or
in connection with any space launch conducted for--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) any other non-Department of Defense
customer.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 642. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this title
shall be construed--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on
the use of rocket engines for national security purposes under
section 1608 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. ``Buck'' McKeon
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public
Law 113-291; 128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as amended
by section 1607 of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92; 129 Stat. 1100) and
section 1602 of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 130 Stat. 2582);
or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of
the Department of Defense from acquiring components referred to
in such section 1608.</DELETED>
<DELETED>TITLE VII--OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 701. DETERMINATION ON DESIGNATION OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION AS A STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Determination.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a
determination of whether the Russian Federation meets the
criteria for designation as a state sponsor of
terrorism.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Form.--The determination required by paragraph
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a
classified annex, if appropriate.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The
term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) State sponsor of terrorism.--The term ``state
sponsor of terrorism'' means a country the government of which
the Secretary of State has determined is a government that has
repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism, for purposes of--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export
Control Reform Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C.
4813(c)(1)(A)(i));</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371);</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) any other provision of law.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 702. EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING ORDERS OF
FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Section 5326 of title 31, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(e) Reporting by Title Insurance Companies.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall issue an
order under subsection (a) requiring a domestic title insurance
company to obtain, maintain, and report to the Secretary
information on the beneficial owners of entities that purchase
residential real estate in high-value transactions in which the
domestic title insurance company is involved.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(A) Beneficial owner.--The term
`beneficial owner', with respect to an entity, means an
individual who, directly or indirectly, owns 25 percent
or more of the equity interests in the
entity.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(B) Domestic title insurance company.--
The term `domestic title insurance company' has the
meaning given that term in regulations prescribed by
the Secretary.</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(C) High-value transaction.--The term
`high-value', with respect to a real estate
transaction, has the meaning given that term in
regulations prescribed by the Secretary based on the
real estate market in which the transaction takes
place.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Regulations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall
prescribe regulations to carry out the amendment made by subsection
(a).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized
to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to
carry out the amendment made by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 703. EXTENSION OF LIMITATIONS ON IMPORTATION OF URANIUM
FROM RUSSIAN FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Section 3112A(c) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C.
2297h-10a(c)) is amended--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) in paragraph (2)(A)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in clause (vi), by striking ``; and''
and inserting a semicolon;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in clause (vii), by striking the
period and inserting ``; and''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) by adding at the end the
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(viii) in calendar year 2021,
463,620 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(ix) in calendar year 2022,
456,930 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(x) in calendar year 2023,
449,810 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xi) in calendar year 2024,
435,933 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xii) in calendar year 2025,
421,659 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xiii) in calendar year 2026,
421,659 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xiv) in calendar year 2027,
394,072 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xv) in calendar year 2028,
386,951 kilograms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xvi) in calendar year 2029,
386,951 kilograms; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``(xvii) in calendar year 2030,
375,791 kilograms.'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in paragraph (3)--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking the
semicolon and inserting ``; or'';</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``;
or'' and inserting a period; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) by striking subparagraph
(C);</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ``reference
data'' and all that follows through ``2019'' and inserting the
following: ``lower scenario data in the document of the World
Nuclear Association entitled `Nuclear Fuel Report: Global
Scenarios for Demand and Supply Availability 2017-2035'. In
each of calendar years 2022, 2025, and 2028''; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) in paragraph (9), by striking ``December 31,
2020'' and inserting ``December 31, 2030''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 704. ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL FUSION CENTER TO RESPOND
TO THREATS FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Establishment.--There is established a National Fusion
Center to Respond to Hybrid Threats, which shall focus primarily on
such threats from the Government of the Russian Federation, and shall
be chaired by senior United States Government officials from
participating agencies (in this section referred to as the
``Center'').</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Mission.--The primary missions of the Center are as
follows:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) To serve as the primary organization in the
United States Government to coordinate analysis and policy
implementation across the United States Government in
responding to hybrid threats posed by the Government of the
Russian Federation to the national security, sovereignty,
democracy, and economic activity of the United States and
United States allies, including the following
activities:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) Execution of disinformation,
misinformation, and propaganda campaigns through
traditional and social media platforms.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) Formation, infiltration, or
manipulation of cultural, religious, educational, and
political organizations or parties.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) Covert transfer of illicit money
through shell corporations and financial institutions
to facilitate corruption, crime, and malign influence
activities, including through political parties and
interest groups.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) Coercive tactics and gray zone
activities, including through para-military and para-
police and security services and militias.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (E) Cyber and other non-traditional
threats, including against public infrastructure,
government institutions, or political organizations or
actors.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (F) Use of energy resources or
infrastructure to influence or constrain sovereign
states and political actors.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) To synchronize the efforts of the Department
of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of
Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the intelligence
community, other relevant civilian United States Government
agencies, and United States military combatant commands with
respect to countering efforts by the Government of the Russian
Federation to undermine the national security, political
sovereignty, democratic institutions, and economic activity of
the United States and its United States allies, including by--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) ensuring that each such element is
aware of and coordinating on such efforts;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) overseeing the development and
implementation of comprehensive and integrated policy
responses to such efforts.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) In coordination with the head of the Global
Engagement Center established by section 1287 of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-
328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note), to examine current and emerging
efforts by malign state actors to use propaganda and
disinformation operations, including--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) traditional media platforms such as
television, radio, and print; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) social media platforms and other
Internet communication tools.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) To identify and close gaps across the
departments and agencies of the Federal Government with respect
to expertise, readiness, and planning to address the threats
posed by the Government of the Russian Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Reporting Requirement.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--The Director of the Center shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees every 180
days a report on threats posed by the Russian Federation to the
national security, sovereignty, and economic activity of the
United States and its allies.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Matters included.--Each report under paragraph
(1) shall include, with respect to the period covered by the
report, a discussion of the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) The nature, extent, and execution of
the threats described in such paragraph.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) The ability of the United States
Government to identify and defend against such
threats.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) The progress of the Center in
achieving its missions, including through coordination
with other governments and multilateral
organizations.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) Recommendations the Director
determines necessary for legislative actions to improve
the ability of the Center to achieve its
missions.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Form.--Each report under paragraph (1) shall
be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified
annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The
term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations,
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs,
and the Committee on Finance of the Senate;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on
Ways and Means of the House of
Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Intelligence community.--The term
``intelligence community'' means an element of the intelligence
community specified or designated under section 3(4) of the
National Security Act of 1947.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized
to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this
section.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 705. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized
to be appropriated for the Countering Russian Influence Fund described
in section 7070(d) of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public Law
115-31; 131 Stat. 706), $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2020 and
2021.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Use of Funds.--Amounts in the Countering Russian
Influence Fund shall be used in countries of Europe and Eurasia the
Secretary of State has determined are vulnerable to malign influence by
the Russian Federation to effectively implement, subject to the
availability of funds, the following goals:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) To assist in protecting critical
infrastructure and electoral mechanisms from
cyberattacks.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of law,
and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries and
prosecutors general offices.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and
instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and
occupations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by the Russian
Federation.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) To improve participatory legislative processes
and legal education, political transparency and competition,
and compliance with international obligations.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) To build the capacity of civil society, media,
and other nongovernmental organizations countering the
influence and propaganda of the Russian Federation to combat
corruption, prioritize access to truthful information, and
operate freely in all regions.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) To assist the Secretary of State in executing
the functions specified in section 1239(b) of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115-
91; 10 U.S.C. 113 note) for the purposes of recognizing,
understanding, exposing, and countering propaganda and
disinformation efforts by foreign governments, in coordination
with the relevant regional Assistant Secretary or Assistant
Secretaries of the Department of State.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Revision of Activities for Which Amounts May Be
Used.--The Secretary of State may modify a goal described in subsection
(b) if, not later than 15 days before revising such goal, the Secretary
notifies the appropriate congressional committees of the
revision.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Implementation.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall,
acting through the Coordinator of United States Assistance to
Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursuant to section 601 of the
Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22
U.S.C. 5461) and section 102 of the Freedom for Russia and
Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of
1992 (22 U.S.C. 5812)), and in consultation with the
Administrator for the United States Agency for International
Development, the Director of the Global Engagement Center of
the Department of State, the Secretary of Defense, EUCOM, the
Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global
Media, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies,
coordinate and carry out activities to achieve the goals
described in subsection (b).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Method.--Activities to achieve the goals
described in subsection (b) shall be carried out through--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) initiatives of the United States
Government;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) Federal grant programs such as the
Information Access Fund;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) nongovernmental or international
organizations; or</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) support exchanges with countries
facing state-sponsored disinformation and pressure
campaigns, particularly in Europe and Eurasia, provided
that a portion of the funds are made available through
a process whereby the Bureau of Educational and
Cultural Affairs of the Department of State solicits
proposals from posts located in affected countries to
counter state-sponsored disinformation and hybrid
threats, promote democracy, and support exchanges with
countries facing state-sponsored disinformation and
pressure campaigns.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Report on implementation.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) In general.--Not later than April 1 of
each year, the Secretary of State, acting through the
Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe and
Eurasia, shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on the programs and activities
carried out to achieve the goals described in
subsection (b) during the preceding fiscal
year.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) Elements.--Each report required by
subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to each
program or activity described in that subparagraph--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) the amount of funding for the
program or activity;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) the goal described in
subsection (b) to which the program or activity
relates; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) an assessment of whether or
not the goal was met.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Coordination With Global Partners.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--In order to maximize impact,
eliminate duplication, and speed the achievement of the goals
described in subsection (b), the Secretary of State shall
ensure coordination with--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) the European Union and its
institutions;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) the governments of countries that are
members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or
the European Union; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) international organizations and quasi-
governmental funding entities that carry out programs
and activities that seek to accomplish the goals
described in subsection (b).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall
be construed to apply to or limit United States foreign assistance not
provided using amounts available in the Countering Russian Influence
Fund.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (g) Expansion of Pilot Program.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall
expand the pilot program required under section 254(g) of the
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22
U.S.C. 9543(g)) to hire additional personnel within the Bureau
for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor to develop and implement
programs focused on combating corruption, improving rule of
law, and building capacity of civil society, political parties,
and independent media.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Report on ensuring adequate staffing for
governance activities.--Not later than 90 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall
submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee
on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives a report on implementation of the pilot program
required under section 254(g) of the Countering Russian
Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C.
9543(g)).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (h) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 706. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS EUROPE AND
EURASIA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Government of the Russian Federation has
applied, and continues to apply traditional uses of force,
intelligence operations, cyber attacks, and influence
campaigns, including through the use of corruption,
disinformation, and cultural and social influence, which
represent clear and present threats to the countries of Europe
and Eurasia;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) in response, governments in Europe and Eurasia
should redouble efforts to build resilience within their
institutions, political systems, and civil societies;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) the United States Government supports the
democratic and rule of law-based institutions that the
Government of the Russian Federation seeks to undermine,
including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the
European Union;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) the United States Government should continue
to work with and strengthen such institutions, including the
European Union, as a partner against aggression by the
Government of the Russian Federation through the coordination
of aid programs, development assistance, and other efforts to
counter malign Russian influence;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) the United States Government should continue
to work with the individual countries of Europe and Eurasia to
bolster efforts to counter malign Russian influence in all its
forms; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) the United States Government should increase
assistance and diplomatic efforts in Europe, including in
European Union and NATO countries, to address threats to
fundamental human rights and backsliding in rule of law
protections, operating space for independent media and civil
society, and other democratic institutions, whose strength is
critical to defending against malign Russian influence over the
long term.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 707. ADDRESSING ABUSE AND MISUSE BY THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION OF INTERPOL RED NOTICES AND RED
DIFFUSIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following
findings:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) The International Criminal Police Organization
(commonly known as ``INTERPOL'') works to prevent and fight
crime through enhanced cooperation and innovation on police and
security matters, including counterterrorism, cybercrime,
counternarcotics, and transnational organized crime.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) United States membership and participation in
INTERPOL advances the national security and law enforcement
interests of the United States related to combating
counterterrorism, cybercrime, counternarcotics, and combating
transnational organized crime.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Article 2 of INTERPOL's Constitution states
that the organization aims ``[t]o ensure and promote the widest
possible mutual assistance between all criminal police
authorities [. . .] in the spirit of the `Universal Declaration
of Human Rights'''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) Article 3 of INTERPOL's Constitution states
that, ``[i]t is strictly forbidden for the Organization to
undertake any intervention or activities of a political,
military, religious or racial character.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) Independent international nongovernmental
organizations have documented how several INTERPOL member
countries, including the Government of the Russian Federation
and others, have used INTERPOL's processes, including the red
notice and red diffusion mechanisms, for activities of a
political character.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
the Government of the Russian Federation and the governments of certain
other countries have repeatedly abused and misused INTERPOL's red
notice and red diffusion mechanisms for overtly political purposes and
activities such as harassing or persecuting political opponents, human
rights defenders, or journalists.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Censure of Abusive Activity and Institutional
Reforms.--The Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of
State, shall use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at
INTERPOL--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) to inform the General Secretariat about cases
in which countries are misusing its systems for activities of a
political character or other purposes contrary to INTERPOL's
Constitution, so that appropriate measures may be taken by
INTERPOL;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) to advance institutional reforms at INTERPOL,
including in the General Secretariat, the Commission for the
Control of Files, and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force
within the General Secretariat, to prevent member countries
from abusing and misusing INTERPOL's red notice and diffusion
mechanisms;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) to increase, to the extent practicable,
dedicated funding to the Commission for the Control of Files
and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force in order to further
expand operations related to the review of requests for red
notices and red diffusions; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) to censure member countries that repeatedly
abuse and misuse INTERPOL's red notice and red diffusion
mechanisms, including restricting the access of those countries
to INTERPOL's data systems.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Report on United States Support for INTERPOL
Reforms.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in
consultation with the Attorney General, shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees an unclassified report on
United States support for institutional reforms at INTERPOL
that are necessary to address abuse and misuse of INTERPOL's
red notice and red diffusion mechanisms.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph
(1) shall include--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) to the extent feasible, a description
of United States support for reforms that increase
INTERPOL's transparency with respect to--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) the number of red notices and
red diffusions requested by each member
country;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) the number or proportion of
requests for red notice or red diffusions
rejected by INTERPOL, following internal
review, for each member country;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) how INTERPOL's General
Secretariat identifies requests for red notice
or red diffusions that are politically
motivated or are otherwise in violation of
INTERPOL's rules; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) how INTERPOL reviews and
addresses cases in which a member country has
abused or misused the red notice and red
diffusion mechanisms for overtly political
purposes; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) a list of countries that the Secretary
determines have repeatedly abused and misused the red
notice and red diffusion mechanisms for political
purposes.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Public availability.--The report required by
paragraph (1) shall be posted on a publicly available interest
website of the Department of State and of the Department of
Justice.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Prohibition Against Action on Abusive Red Notices and
Red Diffusions.--An official of the United States may not take any
action against a person based solely on the issuance of an INTERPOL red
notice or red diffusion issued by a country identified on the list
required by paragraph (2)(B) unless the Secretary, in consultation with
the Attorney General, determines and certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that the red notice or red diffusion was not
issued for political purposes.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of
Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 708. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES
AGAINST HUMANITY BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN
SYRIA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following
findings:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) In March 2016, Amnesty International issued a
report stating, ``Syrian and Russian forces have been
deliberately attacking health facilities in flagrant violation
of international humanitarian law. But what is truly egregious
is that wiping out hospitals appears to have become part of
their military strategy.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) On September 21, 2017, Department of State
Spokesperson Heather Nauert said, ``The United States is
concerned by reports of airstrikes in Idlib province and
northern Hama province on September 19 and 20 that killed at
least three medical personnel and damaged a number of medical
facilities, emergency equipment, and civil defense centers.
These attacks fit an all-too-familiar pattern in which medical
facilities and personnel--and the civilians they serve--are
victims of strikes by the Syrian regime and its Russian
allies.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) In February 2018, Syrian and Russian
airstrikes in rebel-held areas killed 230 civilians and hit at
least 9 medical facilities. In a statement on February 10,
2018, the office of Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein, the United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights, said the airstrikes ``may,
depending on the circumstances, all constitute war
crimes''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) On March 6, 2018, the United Nations
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian
Arab Republic noted, ``[I]n one particularly harmful attack on
13 November, the Russian Air Force carried out airstrikes on a
densely populated civilian area in Atareb (Aleppo), killing at
least 84 people and injuring another 150. Using unguided
weapons, the attack struck a market, police station, shops, and
a restaurant, and may amount to a war crime.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Report Required.--The Secretary of State shall submit
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on alleged war
crimes and crimes against humanity attributable to the Government of
the Russian Federation or paramilitary forces or contractors responsive
to the direction of that Government during the operations of that
Government in Syria--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) not later than 180 days after the date on
which the Secretary of State determines that the violence in
Syria has ceased.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Elements.--Each report required by subsection (b)
shall include the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) A description of alleged war crimes and crimes
against humanity described in subsection (b), including--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) any such alleged crimes that may
violate the principle of medical neutrality and, if
possible, an identification of the individual or
individuals who engaged in or organized such crimes;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) if possible, a description of the
conventional and unconventional weapons used for such
alleged crimes and the origins of such
weapons.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) An assessment of whether such alleged crimes
constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity, including
genocide.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) A description and assessment by the Office of
Global Criminal Justice of the Department of State, the United
States Agency for International Development, the Department of
Justice, and other appropriate Federal agencies, of programs
that the United States Government has undertaken to ensure
accountability for such alleged crimes, including programs--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) to train investigators within and
outside of Syria on how to document, investigate,
develop findings with respect to, and identify and
locate alleged perpetrators of, such alleged crimes,
including--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) the number of United States
Government or contractor personnel currently
designated to work full-time on such training;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) an identification of the
authorities and appropriations being used to
support such training; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) to document, collect, preserve, and
protect evidence of such alleged crimes, including
support for Syrian, foreign, and international
nongovernmental organizations, and other entities,
including the International, Impartial and Independent
Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and
Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious
Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian
Arab Republic since March 2011 and the Independent
International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab
Republic of the United Nations.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (d) Protection of Witnesses and Evidence.--In preparing
the report required by subsection (b), the Secretary shall take due
care to ensure that the identities of witnesses and physical evidence
are not publicly disclosed in a manner that might place such witnesses
at risk of harm or encourage the destruction of such evidence by the
Government of the Russian Federation or the Government of Syria,
violent extremist groups, anti-government forces, or any other
combatants or participants in the conflict in Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (e) Form.--Each report required by subsection (b) may be
submitted in unclassified or classified form, but shall include a
publicly available annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 709. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN
SYRIA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in
coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense,
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and leadership
a report that includes--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) an assessment of the willingness and capacity
of the Government of the Russian Federation to ensure the
removal of Iranian forces, Iran-aligned and Iran-directed
militias and paramilitaries, and other armed group responsive
to the direction of Iran, from the territory of
Syria;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) a list of policies, actions, or activities
that the Government of the Russian Federation would take if
that Government were willing to ensure the removal of the
forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other armed groups
described in paragraph (1) from the territory of
Syria;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) a list of policies, actions, or activities
that the Government of the Russian Federation would take to
ensure the removal of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and
other armed groups described in paragraph (1) from the
territory of Syria if that Government were capable of doing
so;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) an assessment of whether any of the policies,
actions, or activities described in paragraph (2) or (3) are
being taken by the Government of the Russian
Federation;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) an assessment of the specific commitments made
by officials of the Government of the Russian Federation to
officials of the Government of Israel with respect to the Golan
Heights and the presence of the forces, militias,
paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in paragraph
(1) in the territory of Syria;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) an assessment of weapons, technologies, and
knowledge directly or indirectly transferred by the Government
of the Russian Federation to the regime of Bashar al-Assad,
Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, or Iran-aligned forces in Syria that
threaten the security and qualitative military edge of Israel;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) an assessment of whether the presence of
Russian forces and Russian contractors in Syria limits the
options of the Government of Israel in taking steps to ensure
its security from threats emanating from the territory of
Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be
submitted in an unclassified form but may include a classified
annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees and Leadership
Defined.--In this section, the term ``appropriate congressional
committees and leadership'' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the
majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and
Means, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority
leader of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 710. REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION OF BORIS
NEMTSOV.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with
the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees and leadership a report detailing the
circumstances of the assassination on February 27, 2015, of Russian
opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, including--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) a list of the individuals the Secretary
determines to have been involved in the assassination as
perpetrators or as having organized or directed the
assassination;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) a description of what measures, if any, have
been taken by the Government of the Russian Federation to
investigate the assassination and bring the individuals
described in paragraph (1) to justice; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) an assessment of the effectiveness of those
measures.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be
submitted in an unclassified form but may include a classified
annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees and Leadership
Defined.--In this section, the term ``appropriate congressional
committees and leadership'' means--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee
on Finance, and the majority and minority leaders of the
Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and
Means, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority
leader of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 711. REPORT ON THE PERSONAL NET WORTH AND ASSETS OF
VLADIMIR PUTIN.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a detailed report on
the personal net worth and assets of the President of the Russian
Federation, Vladimir Putin, including--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the estimated net worth and known sources of
income of Vladimir Putin and his family members, including
assets, investments, bank accounts, other business interests,
and relevant beneficial ownership information; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) an identification of the most significant
senior foreign political figures and oligarchs in the Russian
Federation, as determined by their closeness to Vladimir
Putin.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Form of Report.--The report required under subsection
(a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form but may include a
classified annex.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 712. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RESPONSIBILITY OF TECHNOLOGY
COMPANIES FOR STATE-SPONSORED DISINFORMATION.</DELETED>
<DELETED> It is the sense of Congress that technology companies,
particularly social media companies, share responsibility for ensuring
that their platforms are free of disinformation sponsored by the
Government of the Russian Federation and other foreign
governments.</DELETED>
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Defending American
Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 3. Statement of policy on Crimea.
TITLE I--MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
Subtitle A--Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO
Sec. 101. Opposition of the Senate to withdrawal from North Atlantic
Treaty.
Sec. 102. Limitation on use of funds.
Sec. 103. Authorization for Senate Legal Counsel to represent Senate in
opposition to withdrawal from the North
Atlantic Treaty.
Sec. 104. Reporting requirement.
Subtitle B--Strengthening the NATO Alliance
Sec. 111. Report on NATO alliance resilience and United States
diplomatic posture.
Sec. 112. Expedited NATO excess defense articles transfer program.
Sec. 113. Protection of NATO from harmful defense systems.
Sec. 114. Definitions.
TITLE II--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Subtitle A--Public Diplomacy Modernization
Sec. 201. Avoiding duplication of programs and efforts.
Sec. 202. Improving research and evaluation of public diplomacy.
Subtitle B--Other Matters
Sec. 211. Department of State responsibilities with respect to
cyberspace policy.
Sec. 212. Enhanced hiring authority for Department of State.
Sec. 213. Sense of Congress.
TITLE III--CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION
Sec. 301. Short title.
Sec. 302. Findings.
Sec. 303. Statement of policy.
Sec. 304. Report on production and use of chemical and biological
weapons by the Russian Federation.
Sec. 305. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 306. Chemical Weapons Convention defined.
TITLE IV--INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT
Sec. 401. Short title.
Sec. 402. Predicate offenses.
Sec. 403. Forfeiture.
Sec. 404. Shutting down botnets.
Sec. 405. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.
Sec. 406. Stopping trafficking in botnets; forfeiture.
TITLE V--COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE
Sec. 501. Prohibition on interference with voting systems.
Sec. 502. Inadmissibility of aliens seeking to interfere in United
States elections.
TITLE VI--SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Subtitle A--Expansion of Countering America's Adversaries Through
Sanctions Act
Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on role of sanctions.
Sec. 602. Sanctions related to interference of the Russian Federation
with democratic processes and elections.
Sec. 603. Sanctions relating to the actions of the Russian Federation
with respect to Ukraine.
Sec. 604. Conforming and technical amendments.
Subtitle B--Expansion of Sanctions Relating to Human Rights Abuses
Sec. 611. Imposition of sanctions with respect to assassinations
committed by the Russian Federation within
the territory of the United States or NATO
member countries.
Sec. 612. Repeal of sunset for Global Magnitsky Human Rights
Accountability Act.
Sec. 613. Congressional review and continued applicability of sanctions
under the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law
Accountability Act of 2012.
Subtitle C--Coordination With the European Union
Sec. 621. Sense of Congress on coordination with allies with respect to
sanctions with respect to the Russian
Federation.
Sec. 622. Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department of State.
Sec. 623. Report on coordination of sanctions between the United States
and European Union.
Subtitle D--Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the Russian
Federation
Sec. 631. Definitions.
Sec. 632. Updated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the
Russian Federation.
Sec. 633. Report on section 224 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act.
Sec. 634. Report on section 225 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act.
Sec. 635. Report on section 226 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act.
Sec. 636. Report on section 228 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act.
Sec. 637. Report on section 233 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act.
Sec. 638. Report on section 234 of the Countering America's Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act.
Subtitle E--General Provisions
Sec. 651. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
Sec. 652. Rule of construction.
TITLE VII--OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Sec. 701. Determination on designation of the Russian Federation as a
state sponsor of terrorism.
Sec. 702. Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes
Enforcement Network.
Sec. 703. Sense of Congress on extension of limitations on importation
of uranium from Russian Federation.
Sec. 704. Establishment of a National Fusion Center to respond to
threats from the Government of the Russian
Federation.
Sec. 705. Countering Russian Influence Fund.
Sec. 706. Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia.
Sec. 707. Addressing abuse and misuse by the Russian Federation of
INTERPOL red notices and red diffusions.
Sec. 708. Report on accountability for war crimes and crimes against
humanity by the Russian Federation in
Syria.
Sec. 709. Report on activities of the Russian Federation in Syria.
Sec. 710. Report on the assassination of Boris Nemtsov.
Sec. 711. Report on the personal net worth and assets of Vladimir
Putin.
Sec. 712. Report on the threat posed by Russian national Yevgeniy
Prigozhin and his affiliated structures to
United States national security.
Sec. 713. Statement of policy on violations of LGBTI human rights.
Sec. 714. Addressing obstruction by the Russian Federation of
multilateral action through the United
Nations Security Council.
Sec. 715. Sense of Congress on responsibility of technology companies
for state-sponsored disinformation.
Sec. 716. Sense of Congress on political prisoners in the Russian
Federation.
Sec. 717. Sense of Congress on policy with respect to the Russian
Federation in Africa.
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the President should immediately marshal and support a
whole-of-government response by Federal agencies to address the
threat posed by the Government of the Russian Federation and to
work to prevent interference by that Government and other
foreign state actors in United States institutions and
democratic processes;
(2) the President should publicly call for the Government
of the Russian Federation to return Crimea to the control of
the Government of Ukraine, end its support for Russian-led
forces violence in eastern Ukraine, end its occupation of and
support for Russian-led forces on the territory of Georgia and
Moldova, and cease enabling the brutal regime of Bashar al-
Assad in Syria to commit war crimes;
(3) the Russian Federation should abide by its commitments
to freedom of navigation in international waters and allow for
passage of Ukrainian vessels through the strait;
(4) the President should unequivocally condemn and counter
the ongoing interference in United States institutions and
democratic processes by the President of the Russian
Federation, Vladimir Putin, his government, and affiliates of
his government;
(5) the conclusion of the United States intelligence
community and law enforcement agencies and other United States
Government officials that the Russian Federation has
perpetrated, and continues to perpetrate, such interference, is
correct;
(6) the United States should continue to participate
actively as a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
by--
(A) upholding the Organization's core principles of
collective defense, democratic rule of law, and
peaceful settlement of disputes;
(B) boosting coordination and deterrence capacity
among member countries; and
(C) supporting accession processes of prospective
member countries who meet the obligations of
membership.
(7) Congress reiterates its strong support for the Russia
Sanctions Review Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511), which allows for
congressional review of an action to waive the application of
sanctions under the provisions of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat.
886) relating to the Russian Federation or a licensing action
that significantly alters United States foreign policy with
regard to the Russian Federation; and
(8) sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian
Federation have been most effective when developed and
coordinated in close consultation with the European Union.
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRIMEA.
It is the policy of the United States that--
(1) the United States will never recognize the illegal
attempted annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation,
similar to the 1940 Welles Declaration in which the United
States refused to recognized the Soviet annexation of the
Baltic States;
(2) Crimea is part of the sovereign territory of Ukraine;
(3) Crimea is part of Ukraine and the United States rejects
attempts to change the status, demographics, or political
nature of Crimea;
(4) the United States reaffirms its unwavering support for
democracy, human rights, and the rule of law for all
individuals in Crimea, including non-Russian ethnic groups and
religious minorities;
(5) the United States condemns all human rights violations
against individuals in Crimea, and underscores the culpability
of the Government of the Russian Federation for such violations
while the territory of Crimea is under illegal Russian
occupation;
(6) the United States, in coordination with the European
Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and members of
the international community, should prioritize efforts to
prevent the further consolidation of illegal occupying powers
in Crimea, reaffirm unified opposition to the actions of the
Russian Federation in Crimea, and secure the human rights of
individuals there; and
(7) the United States welcomes the sanctions that have been
imposed and maintained as of the date of the enactment of this
Act by the United States and the European Union against persons
engaged in furthering the illegal occupation of Crimea by the
Russian Federation.
TITLE I--MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
Subtitle A--Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO
SEC. 101. OPPOSITION OF THE SENATE TO WITHDRAWAL FROM NORTH ATLANTIC
TREATY.
The Senate opposes any effort to withdraw the United States from
the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, D.C., April 4, 1949.
SEC. 102. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.
No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may be used to
support, directly or indirectly, any efforts on the part of any United
States Government official to take steps to withdraw the United States
from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, D.C., April 4,
1949, until such time as the Senate passes, by an affirmative vote of
two-thirds of Members, a resolution advising and consenting to the
withdrawal of the United States from the treaty.
SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION FOR SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL TO REPRESENT SENATE IN
OPPOSITION TO WITHDRAWAL FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY.
The Senate Legal Counsel is authorized to represent the Senate in
initiating or intervening in any judicial proceedings in any Federal
court of competent jurisdiction, on behalf of the Senate, in order to
oppose any withdrawal of the United States from the North Atlantic
Treaty in the absence of the passage by the Senate of a resolution
described in section 102.
SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.
The Senate Legal Counsel shall report as soon as practicable to the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate with respect to any
judicial proceedings which the Senate Legal Counsel initiates or in
which it intervenes pursuant to this title.
Subtitle B--Strengthening the NATO Alliance
SEC. 111. REPORT ON NATO ALLIANCE RESILIENCE AND UNITED STATES
DIPLOMATIC POSTURE.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of
State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit a
report to the appropriate congressional committees providing an
assessment of the threats and challenges facing the NATO alliance and
United States diplomatic posture.
(b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall
include the following elements:
(1) A review of current and emerging United States national
security interests in the NATO area of responsibility.
(2) A review of current United States political and
diplomatic engagement and political-military coordination with
NATO and NATO member states.
(3) Options for the realignment of United States engagement
with NATO to respond to new threats and challenges presented by
the Government of the Russian Federation to the NATO alliance,
as well as new opportunities presented by allies and partners.
(4) The views of counterpart governments, including heads
of state, heads of government, political leaders, and military
commanders in the region.
SEC. 112. EXPEDITED NATO EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES TRANSFER PROGRAM.
(a) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report with recommendations regarding the need for and
suitability of transferring excess defense articles under this section
to countries in the NATO alliance, with particular emphasis on the
foreign policy benefits as it pertains to those member states currently
purchasing defense articles or services from the Russian Federation.
(b) Period for Review by Congress of Recommendations for EDA
Transfer to NATO Members.--During the 30-calendar day period following
submission by the Secretary of Defense of the report required under
subsection (a), the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives shall,
as appropriate, hold hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain
information in order to fully review the recommendations included in
the report.
(c) Transfer Authority.--The President is authorized to transfer
such excess defense articles in a fiscal year as the Secretary of
Defense recommends pursuant to this section to countries for which
receipt of such articles was justified pursuant to the annual
congressional presentation documents for military assistance programs,
or for which receipt of such articles was separately justified to
Congress, for such fiscal year.
(d) Limitations on Transfers.--The President may transfer excess
defense articles under this section only if--
(1) such articles are drawn from existing stocks of the
Department of Defense;
(2) funds available to the Department of Defense for the
procurement of defense equipment are not expended in connection
with the transfer;
(3) the President determines that the transfer of such
articles will not have an adverse impact on the military
readiness of the United States;
(4) with respect to a proposed transfer of such articles on
a grant basis, the President determines that the transfer is
preferable to a transfer on a sales basis, after taking into
account the potential proceeds from, and likelihood of, such
sales, and the comparative foreign policy benefits that may
accrue to the United States as the result of a transfer on
either a grant or sales basis; and
(5) the President determines that the transfer of such
articles will not have an adverse impact on the national
technology and industrial base and, particularly, will not
reduce the opportunities of entities in the national technology
and industrial base to sell new or used equipment to the
countries to which such articles are transferred.
(e) Terms of Transfers.--
(1) No cost to recipient country.--Excess defense articles
may be transferred under this section without cost to the
recipient country.
(2) Priority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
the delivery of excess defense articles under this section to
member countries of NATO that still purchase defense goods and
services from the Russian Federation and pledge to decrease
such purchases shall be given priority to the maximum extent
feasible over the delivery of such excess defense articles to
other countries.
(3) Transportation and related costs.--
(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph
(B), funds available to the Department of Defense may
not be expended for crating, packing, handling, and
transportation of excess defense articles transferred
under the authority of this section.
(B) Exception.--The President may provide for the
transportation of excess defense articles without
charge to a country for the costs of such
transportation if--
(i) it is determined that it is in the
national interest of the United States to do
so;
(ii) the recipient is a NATO member state
currently purchasing defense goods and services
from the Russian Federation that has pledged to
reduce such purchases;
(iii) the total weight of the transfer does
not exceed 50,000 pounds; and
(iv) such transportation is accomplished on
a space available basis.
SEC. 113. PROTECTION OF NATO FROM HARMFUL DEFENSE SYSTEMS.
The United States mission to NATO shall pursue an agreement that
NATO members will not acquire defense technology incompatible with the
security of NATO systems.
SEC. 114. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on
Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee
on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations
of the House of Representatives.
(2) NATO.--The term ``NATO'' means the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization.
TITLE II--MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Subtitle A--Public Diplomacy Modernization
SEC. 201. AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF PROGRAMS AND EFFORTS.
The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the
Department of State shall--
(1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency of
operations, including through improved coordination of efforts
across public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department;
and
(2) maximize shared use of resources between, and within,
such public diplomacy bureaus and offices in cases in which
programs, facilities, or administrative functions are
duplicative or substantially overlapping.
SEC. 202. IMPROVING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of State shall--
(1) conduct regular research and evaluation of public
diplomacy programs and activities of the Department, including
through the routine use of audience research, digital
analytics, and impact evaluations, to plan and execute such
programs and activities; and
(2) make the findings of the research and evaluations
conducted under paragraph (1) available to Congress.
(b) Director of Research and Evaluation.--
(1) Appointment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall appoint a
Director of Research and Evaluation in the Office of Policy,
Planning, and Resources for the Under Secretary for Public
Diplomacy and Public Affairs.
(2) Limitation on appointment.--The appointment of a
Director of Research and Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1)
shall not result in an increase in the overall full-time
equivalent positions within the Department.
(3) Responsibilities.--The Director of Research and
Evaluation shall--
(A) coordinate and oversee the research and
evaluation of public diplomacy programs of the
Department of State--
(i) to improve public diplomacy strategies
and tactics; and
(ii) to ensure that programs are increasing
the knowledge, understanding, and trust of the
United States among relevant target audiences;
(B) report to the Director of Policy and Planning
in the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources under
the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public
Affairs of the Department;
(C) routinely organize and oversee audience
research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations
across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the
Department;
(D) support embassy public affairs sections;
(E) share appropriate public diplomacy research and
evaluation information within the Department and with
other Federal departments and agencies;
(F) regularly design and coordinate standardized
research questions, methodologies, and procedures to
ensure that public diplomacy activities across all
public diplomacy bureaus and offices are designed to
meet appropriate foreign policy objectives; and
(G) report biannually to the United States Advisory
Commission on Public Diplomacy, through the
Commission's Subcommittee on Research and Evaluation
established pursuant to subsection (f), regarding the
research and evaluation of all public diplomacy bureaus
and offices of the Department.
(4) Guidance and training.--Not later than one year after
the appointment of the Director of Research and Evaluation
pursuant to paragraph (1), the Director shall create guidance
and training for all public diplomacy officers regarding the
reading and interpretation of public diplomacy program
evaluation findings to ensure that such findings and lessons
learned are implemented in the planning and evaluation of all
public diplomacy programs and activities throughout the
Department.
(c) Prioritizing Research and Evaluation.--
(1) In general.--The Director of Policy, Planning, and
Resources shall ensure that research and evaluation, as
coordinated and overseen by the Director of Research and
Evaluation, supports strategic planning and resource allocation
across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the
Department.
(2) Allocation of resources.--Amounts allocated for the
purposes of research and evaluation of public diplomacy
programs and activities pursuant to subsection (a) shall be
made available to be disbursed at the direction of the Director
of Research and Evaluation among the research and evaluation
staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the
Department.
(3) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(A) the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and
Public Affairs of the Department of State should
coordinate the human and financial resources that
support the Department's public diplomacy and public
affairs programs and activities;
(B) proposals or plans related to resource
allocations for public diplomacy bureaus and offices
should be routed through the Office of the Under
Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs for
review and clearance; and
(C) the Department should allocate, for the
purposes of research and evaluation of public diplomacy
activities and programs pursuant to subsection (a)--
(i) 3 to 5 percent of program funds made
available under the heading ``Educational and
Cultural Exchange Programs''; and
(ii) 3 to 5 percent of program funds
allocated for public diplomacy programs under
the heading ``Diplomatic and Consular
Programs''.
(d) Limited Exemption.--Chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code
(commonly known as the ``Paperwork Reduction Act'') shall not apply to
collections of information directed at foreign individuals conducted
by, or on behalf of, the Department of State for the purpose of
audience research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connection with
the Department's activities conducted pursuant to the United States
Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et
seq.), the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), section 1287 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 22 U.S.C.
2656 note), or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et
seq.).
(e) Limited Exemption to the Privacy Act.--The Department shall
maintain, collect, use, and disseminate records (as such term is
defined in section 552a(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code) for
research and data analysis of public diplomacy efforts intended for
foreign audiences. Such research and data analysis shall be reasonably
tailored to meet the purposes of this subsection and shall be carried
out with due regard for privacy and civil liberties guidance and
oversight.
(f) Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy.--
(1) Subcommittee for research and evaluation.--The Advisory
Commission on Public Diplomacy shall establish a Subcommittee
for Research and Evaluation to monitor and advise on the
research and evaluation activities of the Department and the
United States Agency for Global Media.
(2) Report.--The Subcommittee for Research and Evaluation
established pursuant to paragraph (1) shall submit an annual
report to Congress in conjunction with the Commission on Public
Diplomacy's Comprehensive Annual Report on the performance of
the Department and the United States Agency for Global Media in
carrying out research and evaluations of their respective
public diplomacy programming.
(3) Repeal of sunset.--Section 1334 of the Foreign Affairs
Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6553) is hereby
repealed.
(g) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Audience research.--The term ``audience research''
means research conducted at the outset of a public diplomacy
program or campaign planning and design on specific audience
segments to understand the attitudes, interests, knowledge, and
behaviors of such audience segments.
(2) Digital analytics.--The term ``digital analytics''
means the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data,
accumulated in digital format, to indicate the outputs and
outcomes of a public diplomacy program or campaign.
(3) Impact evaluation.--The term ``impact evaluation''
means an assessment of the changes in the audience targeted by
a public diplomacy program or campaign that can be attributed
to such program or campaign.
(4) Public diplomacy bureaus and offices.--The term
``public diplomacy bureaus and offices'' means the Bureau of
Educational and Cultural Affairs, the Bureau of Public Affairs,
the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources, the Global
Engagement Center, and the public diplomacy functions within
the regional and functional bureaus.
Subtitle B--Other Matters
SEC. 211. DEPARTMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO
CYBERSPACE POLICY.
(a) Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy.--Section 1 of the
State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is
amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
``(g) Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy.--
``(1) In general.--There is established, within the
Department of State, an Office of Cyberspace and the Digital
Economy (referred to in this subsection as the `Office'). The
head of the Office shall have the rank and status of ambassador
and shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate.
``(2) Duties.--
``(A) In general.--The head of the Office shall
perform such duties and exercise such powers as the
Secretary of State shall prescribe, including
implementing the United States international cyberspace
policy strategy issued by the Department of State in
March 2016 pursuant to section 402 of the Cybersecurity
Act of 2015 (division N of Public Law 114-113; 129
Stat. 2978).
``(B) Duties described.--The principal duties and
responsibilities of the head of the Office shall be--
``(i) to serve as the principal cyber
policy official within the senior management of
the Department of State and as the advisor to
the Secretary of State for cyber issues;
``(ii) to lead the Department of State's
diplomatic cyberspace efforts, including
efforts relating to international
cybersecurity, Internet access, Internet
freedom, digital economy, cybercrime,
deterrence and international responses to cyber
threats, and other issues that the Secretary
assigns to the Office;
``(iii) to promote an open, interoperable,
reliable, unfettered, and secure information
and communications technology infrastructure
for all critical infrastructure globally;
``(iv) to represent the Secretary of State
in interagency efforts to develop and advance
cyberspace policy described in subparagraph
(A);
``(v) to coordinate cyberspace efforts and
other relevant functions, including countering
terrorists' use of cyberspace, within the
Department of State and with other components
of the United States Government;
``(vi) to act as a liaison to public and
private sector entities on relevant cyberspace
issues;
``(vii) to lead United States Government
efforts to establish a global deterrence
framework;
``(viii) to develop and execute adversary-
specific strategies to influence adversary
decisionmaking through the imposition of costs
and deterrence strategies;
``(ix) to advise the Secretary and
coordinate with foreign governments on external
responses to national security level cyber
incidents, including coordination on diplomatic
response efforts to support allies threatened
by malicious cyber activity, in conjunction
with members of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and other like-minded countries;
``(x) to promote the adoption of national
processes and programs that enable threat
detection, prevention, and response to
malicious cyber activity emanating from the
territory of a foreign country, including as
such activity relates to the European allies of
the United States, as appropriate;
``(xi) to promote the building of foreign
capacity to protect the global network with the
goal of enabling like-minded participation in
deterrence frameworks;
``(xii) to promote the maintenance of an
open and interoperable Internet governed by the
multi-stakeholder model, instead of by
centralized government control;
``(xiii) to promote an international
regulatory environment for technology
investments and the Internet that benefits
United States economic and national security
interests;
``(xiv) to promote cross border flow of
data and combat international initiatives
seeking to impose unreasonable requirements on
United States businesses;
``(xv) to promote international policies to
protect the integrity of United States and
international telecommunications infrastructure
from foreign-based, cyber-enabled threats;
``(xvi) to serve as the interagency
coordinator for the United States Government on
engagement with foreign governments on
cyberspace and digital economy issues described
in the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019;
``(xvii) to promote international policies
to secure radio frequency spectrum for United
States businesses and national security needs;
``(xviii) to promote and protect the
exercise of human rights, including freedom of
speech and religion, through the Internet;
``(xix) to build capacity of United States
diplomatic officials to engage on cyber issues;
``(xx) to encourage the development and
adoption by foreign countries of
internationally recognized standards, policies,
and best practices;
``(xxi) to promote and advance
international policies that protect
individuals' private data; and
``(xxii) to promote international efforts
to protect financial institutions and
cryptocurrency exchanges from cyber theft.
``(3) Qualifications.--The head of the Office should be an
individual of demonstrated competency in the fields of--
``(A) cybersecurity and other relevant cyber
issues; and
``(B) international diplomacy.
``(4) Organizational placement.--
``(A) Initial placement.--During the 4-year period
beginning on the date of the enactment of the Defending
American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019,
the head of the Office shall report to the Under
Secretary for Political Affairs or to an official
holding a higher position than the Under Secretary for
Political Affairs in the Department of State.
``(B) Subsequent placement.--After the conclusion
of the 4-year period referred to in subparagraph (A),
the head of the Office shall report to--
``(i) an appropriate Under Secretary; or
``(ii) an official holding a higher
position than Under Secretary.
``(5) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may
be construed to preclude--
``(A) the Office from being elevated to a Bureau
within the Department of State; or
``(B) the head of the Office from being elevated to
an Assistant Secretary, if such an Assistant Secretary
position does not increase the number of Assistant
Secretary positions at the Department above the number
authorized under subsection (c)(1).''.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the Office
of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy established under section 1(g) of
the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as added by
subsection (a)--
(1) should be a Bureau of the Department of State headed by
an Assistant Secretary, subject to the rule of construction
specified in paragraph (5)(B) of such section 1(g); and
(2) should coordinate with other bureaus of the Department
of State and use all tools at the disposal of the Office to
combat activities taken by the Russian Federation, or on behalf
of the Russian Federation, to undermine the cybersecurity and
democratic values of the United States and other nations.
(c) United Nations.--The Permanent Representative of the United
States to the United Nations should use the voice, vote, and influence
of the United States to oppose any measure that is inconsistent with
the United States international cyberspace policy strategy issued by
the Department of State in March 2016 pursuant to section 402 of the
Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (division N of Public Law 114-113; 129 Stat.
2978).
SEC. 212. ENHANCED HIRING AUTHORITY FOR DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given the
term in section 5721 of title 5, United States Code.
(2) Appropriation.--The term ``appropriation'' includes
funds made available by statute and under section 9104 of title
31, United States Code.
(3) Schedule a.--The term ``Schedule A'' means positions
other than those of a confidential or policy-determining
character for which it is impracticable to examine, pursuant to
section 213.3101 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or
successor regulation.
(b) Authority.--
(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Secretary of State may procure the services
of Schedule A employees in the amount and for the offices
specified in paragraph (2) for the purpose of hiring
individuals with special qualifications, including prior work
experience involving economic or financial sanctions, for the
development and implementation of economic and financial
sanctions.
(2) Assignment of schedule a employees.--Using the
authority provided under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State
may procure the services of--
(A) not to exceed 5 Schedule A employees for the
Office of Sanctions Coordination to be established
pursuant to subsection (h) of section 1 of the State
Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C.
2651a), as added by section 612; and
(B) not to exceed 15 Schedule A employees for the
Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions component of the
Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB/TFS).
(c) Limitation.--Positions in the Senior Executive Service may not
be filled using the authority provided under subsection (b).
(d) Equal Opportunity and Non-discrimination.--The Secretary of
State shall ensure compliance with equal opportunity and other non-
discrimination regulations of the United States Government in
exercising the authority provided under subsection (b).
(e) Report.--The Secretary of State shall report to the Office of
Personnel Management on an annual basis with respect to the number of
Schedule A employees employed by the Department of State using the
authority provided under subsection (b).
SEC. 213. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States Agency for Global Media and its
grantee networks have a critical mission to inform, engage, and
connect people around the world in support of freedom and
democracy; and
(2) those networks must adhere to professional journalistic
standards and integrity and not engage in disinformation
activities.
TITLE III--CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION
SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ``Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation
Act of 2019''.
SEC. 302. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The international norm against the use of chemical
weapons has severely eroded since 2012. At least 4 actors
between 2012 and the date of the enactment of this Act have
used chemical weapons: Syria, North Korea, the Russian
Federation, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in
Iraq and Syria.
(2) On March 4, 2018, the Government of the Russian
Federation knowingly used novichok, a lethal chemical agent, in
an attempt to kill former Russian military intelligence officer
Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia, in Salisbury, United
Kingdom.
(3) In September 2018, the Government of the United Kingdom
charged 2 Russian suspects with the poisoning of Sergei and
Yulia Skripal, further highlighting the culpability of the
Government of the Russian Federation in the attack.
(4) On June 27, 2018, the Organisation for the Prohibition
of Chemical Weapons (commonly known as the ``OPCW''), during
its Fourth Special Session of the Conference of the States
Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention, adopted a decision
to ``put in place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of
the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic by
identifying and reporting on all information potentially
relevant to the origin of those chemical weapons in those
instances in which the OPCW Fact-Finding Mission in Syria
determines or has determined that use or likely use occurred,
and cases for which the OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism
has not issued a report; and decide[d] also that the
Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its investigations
to the Council and to the United Nations Secretary-General for
their consideration''.
(5) In addition, during the Fourth Special Session, the
State Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention voted to
provide new powers to the Director-General of the OPCW to
attribute chemical weapons attacks. The decision ``affirms
that, whenever a chemical weapons use occurs on the territory
of a State Party, those who were the perpetrators, organizers,
sponsors or otherwise involved should be identified, and
underscores the added value of the Secretariat conducting an
independent investigation of an alleged use of chemical weapons
with a view to facilitating universal attribution of all
chemical weapons attacks''.
(6) Finally, the decision of the State Parties to the
Chemical Weapons Convention allows ``the Director-General, if
requested by a State Party investigating a possible chemical
weapons use on its territory, [to] provide technical expertise
to identify those who were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors
or otherwise involved in the use of chemicals as weapons''.
(7) The Government of the Russian Federation attempted to
impede the adoption of the identification mechanism in the
Fourth Special Session, and has repeatedly worked to degrade
the OPCW's ability to identify chemical weapons users.
(8) The Government of the Russian Federation has shown
itself to be unwilling or incapable of compelling the President
of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, an ally of the Russian Federation,
to stop using chemical weapons against the civilian population
in Syria.
(9) The United States remains steadfast in its commitment
to its key ally the United Kingdom, its commitment to the
mutual defense of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and
its commitment to the Chemical Weapons Convention.
(10) Forty countries, including the United States, have
joined the International Partnership against Impunity for the
use of Chemical Weapons, which represents a political
commitment by participating countries to hold to account
persons responsible for the use of chemical weapons.
(11) The Defense Ministry of the Government of the
Netherlands exposed 4 Russians as agents of the GRU
intelligence service who had attempted to hack OPCW networks
during the OPCW's investigation of the poisoning of Sergei and
Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, United Kingdom.
SEC. 303. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It shall be the policy of the United States--
(1) to protect and defend the interests of the United
States, allies of the United States, and the international
community at large from the continuing threat of chemical
weapons and their proliferation;
(2) to maintain a steadfast commitment to the Chemical
Weapons Convention and the OPCW;
(3) to promote and strengthen the investigative and
identification mechanisms of the OPCW, including the
development of a new OPCW laboratory and enhancements to the
OPCW network of designated laboratories, through the provision
of additional resources and technical equipment to better allow
the OPCW to detect, identify, and attribute chemical weapons
attacks;
(4) to pressure the Government of the Russian Federation to
halt its efforts to degrade the international efforts of the
United Nations and the OPCW to investigate chemical weapons
attacks and to designate perpetrators of such attacks by--
(A) highlighting within international fora,
including the United Nations General Assembly and the
OPCW, the repeated efforts of the Government of the
Russian Federation to degrade international efforts to
investigate chemical weapons attacks; and
(B) consulting with allies and partners of the
United States with respect to methods for strengthening
the investigative mechanisms of the OPCW;
(5) to examine additional avenues for investigating,
identifying, and holding accountable chemical weapons users if
the Government of the Russian Federation continues in its
attempts to block or hinder investigations of the OPCW; and
(6) to punish the Government of the Russian Federation for,
and deter that Government from, any chemical weapons production
and use through the imposition of sanctions, diplomatic
isolation, and the use of the mechanisms specified in the
Chemical Weapons Convention for violations of the Convention.
SEC. 304. REPORT ON PRODUCTION AND USE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the
chemical and biological weapon programs of the Government of the
Russian Federation that includes an assessment of--
(1) whether that Government has production capabilities in
violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Convention
on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and
Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons
and on their Destruction, done at Washington, London, and
Moscow April 10, 1972, and entered into force March 26, 1975
(26 UST 583);
(2) any use by that Government of chemical or biological
weapons during the 10-year period preceding submission of the
report; and
(3) any direct or indirect support, including transfers of
material, knowledge, or technology, by that Government for the
chemical or biological weapons programs of other countries or
non-state actors.
(b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall
be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 305. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary of State $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through
2025, to be provided to the OPCW as a voluntary contribution pursuant
to section 301(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
2221(a)) for the purpose of strengthening the OPCW's investigative and
identification mechanisms for chemical weapons attacks.
(b) Availability of Funds.--Amounts authorized to be appropriated
pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain available until expended.
SEC. 306. CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION DEFINED.
In this title, the term ``Chemical Weapons Convention'' means the
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production,
Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, done
at Geneva September 3, 1992, and entered into force April 29, 1997.
TITLE IV--INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ``International Cybercrime
Prevention Act''.
SEC. 402. PREDICATE OFFENSES.
Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in section 1956(c)(7)(D)--
(A) by striking ``or section 2339D'' and inserting
``section 2339D''; and
(B) by striking ``of this title, section 46502''
and inserting ``, or section 2512 (relating to the
manufacture, distribution, possession, and advertising
of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting
devices) of this title, section 46502''; and
(2) in section 1961(1), by inserting ``section 1030
(relating to fraud and related activity in connection with
computers) if the act indictable under section 1030 is
felonious,'' before ``section 1084''.
SEC. 403. FORFEITURE.
(a) In General.--Section 2513 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication
intercepting devices and other property
``(a) Criminal Forfeiture.--
``(1) In general.--The court, in imposing a sentence on any
person convicted of a violation of section 2511 or 2512, or
convicted of conspiracy to violate section 2511 or 2512, shall
order, in addition to any other sentence imposed and
irrespective of any provision of State law, that such person
forfeit to the United States--
``(A) such person's interest in any property, real
or personal, that was used or intended to be used to
commit or to facilitate the commission of such
violation; and
``(B) any property, real or personal, constituting
or derived from any gross proceeds, or any property
traceable to such property, that such person obtained
or retained directly or indirectly as a result of such
violation.
``(2) Forfeiture procedures.--Pursuant to section 2461(c)
of title 28, the provisions of section 413 of the Controlled
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), other than subsection (d)
thereof, shall apply to criminal forfeitures under this
subsection.
``(b) Civil Forfeiture.--
``(1) In general.--The following shall be subject to
forfeiture to the United States in accordance with provisions
of chapter 46 and no property right shall exist in them:
``(A) Any property, real or personal, used or
intended to be used, in any manner, to commit, or
facilitate the commission of a violation of section
2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to violate section 2511
or 2512.
``(B) Any property, real or personal, constituting,
or traceable to the gross proceeds taken, obtained, or
retained in connection with or as a result of a
violation of section 2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to
violate section 2511 or 2512.
``(2) Forfeiture procedures.--Seizures and forfeitures
under this subsection shall be governed by the provisions of
chapter 46, relating to civil forfeitures, except that such
duties as are imposed on the Secretary of the Treasury under
the customs laws described in section 981(d) shall be performed
by such officers, agents, and other persons as may be
designated for that purpose by the Secretary of Homeland
Security or the Attorney General.''.
(b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for
chapter 119 is amended by striking the item relating to section 2513
and inserting the following:
``2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication
intercepting devices and other property.''.
SEC. 404. SHUTTING DOWN BOTNETS.
(a) Amendment.--Section 1345 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in the heading, by inserting ``and abuse'' after
``fraud'';
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or''
at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting
``or'' after the semicolon; and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
the following:
``(D) violating or about to violate section
1030(a)(5) of this title where such conduct has caused
or would cause damage (as defined in section 1030)
without authorization to 100 or more protected
computers (as defined in section 1030) during any 1-
year period, including by--
``(i) impairing the availability or
integrity of the protected computers without
authorization; or
``(ii) installing or maintaining control
over malicious software on the protected
computers that, without authorization, has
caused or would cause damage to the protected
computers;''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding
subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, a violation
described in subsection (a)(1)(D),'' before ``or a
Federal''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(c) A restraining order, prohibition, or other action described
in subsection (b), if issued in circumstances described in subsection
(a)(1)(D), may, upon application of the Attorney General--
``(1) specify that no cause of action shall lie in any
court against a person for complying with the restraining
order, prohibition, or other action; and
``(2) provide that the United States shall pay to such
person a fee for reimbursement for such costs as are reasonably
necessary and which have been directly incurred in complying
with the restraining order, prohibition, or other action.''.
(b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for
chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the
item relating to section 1345 and inserting the following:
``1345. Injunctions against fraud and abuse.''.
SEC. 405. AGGRAVATED DAMAGE TO A CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE COMPUTER.
(a) In General.--Chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by inserting after section 1030 the following:
``Sec. 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer
``(a) Offense.--It shall be unlawful, during and in relation to a
felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly cause or attempt to
cause damage to a critical infrastructure computer, if such damage
results in (or, in the case of an attempted offense, would, if
completed, have resulted in) the substantial impairment--
``(1) of the operation of the critical infrastructure
computer; or
``(2) of the critical infrastructure associated with such
computer.
``(b) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (a) shall, in
addition to the term of punishment provided for the felony violation of
section 1030, be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than
20 years, or both.
``(c) Consecutive Sentence.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
law--
``(1) a court shall not place any person convicted of a
violation of this section on probation;
``(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no term of
imprisonment imposed on a person under this section shall run
concurrently with any term of imprisonment imposed on the
person under any other provision of law, including any term of
imprisonment imposed for the felony violation of section 1030;
``(3) in determining any term of imprisonment to be imposed
for the felony violation of section 1030, a court shall not in
any way reduce the term to be imposed for such violation to
compensate for, or otherwise take into account, any separate
term of imprisonment imposed or to be imposed for a violation
of this section; and
``(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a person for a
violation of this section may, in the discretion of the court,
run concurrently, in whole or in part, only with another term
of imprisonment that is imposed by the court at the same time
on that person for an additional violation of this section, if
such discretion shall be exercised in accordance with any
applicable guidelines and policy statements issued by the
United States Sentencing Commission pursuant to section 994 of
title 28.
``(d) Definitions.--In this section--
``(1) the terms `computer' and `damage' have the meanings
given the terms in section 1030; and
``(2) the term `critical infrastructure' means systems and
assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United
States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and
assets would have catastrophic regional or national effects on
public health or safety, economic security, or national
security, including voter registration databases, voting
machines, and other communications systems that manage the
election process or report and display results on behalf of
State and local governments.''.
(b) Table of Sections.--The table of sections for chapter 47 of
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
relating to section 1030 the following:
``1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.''.
SEC. 406. STOPPING TRAFFICKING IN BOTNETS; FORFEITURE.
Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (7), by adding ``or'' at the end;
and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
``(8) intentionally traffics in the means of access to a
protected computer, if--
``(A) the trafficker knows or has reason to know
the protected computer has been damaged in a manner
prohibited by this section; and
``(B) the promise or agreement to pay for the means
of access is made by, or on behalf of, a person the
trafficker knows or has reason to know intends to use
the means of access to--
``(i) damage a protected computer in a
manner prohibited by this section; or
``(ii) violate section 1037 or 1343;'';
(2) in subsection (c)(3)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``(a)(4) or
(a)(7)'' and inserting ``(a)(4), (a)(7), or (a)(8)'';
and
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``(a)(4), or
(a)(7)'' and inserting ``(a)(4), (a)(7), or (a)(8)'';
and
(3) in subsection (e)--
(A) in paragraph (11), by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(B) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at
the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(13) the term `traffic', except as provided in subsection
(a)(6), means transfer, or otherwise dispose of, to another as
consideration for the receipt of, or as consideration for a
promise or agreement to pay, anything of pecuniary value.'';
(4) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by inserting
``, except for a violation of subsection (a)(8),'' after ``of
this section''; and
(5) by striking subsections (i) and (j) and inserting the
following:
``(i) Criminal Forfeiture.--
``(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any person
convicted of a violation of this section, or convicted of
conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, in addition to
any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any provision of
State law, that such person forfeit to the United States--
``(A) such person's interest in any property, real
or personal, that was used or intended to be used to
commit or to facilitate the commission of such
violation; and
``(B) any property, real or personal, constituting
or derived from any gross proceeds, or any property
traceable to such property, that such person obtained,
directly or indirectly, as a result of such violation.
``(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under this
subsection, including any seizure and disposition of the
property, and any related judicial or administrative
proceeding, shall be governed by the provisions of section 413
of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), except
subsection (d) of that section.
``(j) Civil Forfeiture of Property Used in the Commission of an
Offense.--
``(1) Any personal property, including any Internet domain
name or Internet Protocol address, that was used or intended to
be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of any
violation of this section, or a conspiracy to violate this
section shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States,
and no property right shall exist in such property.
``(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this subsection shall
be governed by the provisions of chapter 46 relating to civil
forfeitures, except that such duties as are imposed on the
Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws described in
section 981(d) shall be performed by such officers, agents, and
other persons as may be designated for that purpose by the
Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General.''.
TITLE V--COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE
SEC. 501. PROHIBITION ON INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING SYSTEMS.
Section 1030(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in paragraph (2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``or'' at the
end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by adding ``or'' at the
end; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) that--
``(i) is part of a voting system; and
``(ii)(I) is used for the management,
support, or administration of a Federal
election; or
``(II) has moved in or otherwise affects
interstate or foreign commerce;'';
(2) in paragraph (11), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period and inserting
a semicolon; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
``(13) the term `Federal election' means any election (as
defined in section 301(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(1))) for Federal office (as defined in
section 301(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52
U.S.C. 30101(3))); and
``(14) the term `voting system' has the meaning given the
term in section 301(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52
U.S.C. 21081(b)).''.
SEC. 502. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS SEEKING TO INTERFERE IN UNITED
STATES ELECTIONS.
(a) Defined Term.--Section 101(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``(53) The term `improper interference in a United States
election' means conduct by an alien that--
``(A)(i) violates Federal criminal, voting rights,
or campaign finance law; or
``(ii) is under the direction of a foreign
government; and
``(B) interferes with a general or primary Federal,
State, or local election or caucus, including--
``(i) the campaign of a candidate; and
``(ii) a ballot measure, including--
``(I) an amendment;
``(II) a bond issue;
``(III) an initiative;
``(IV) a recall;
``(V) a referral; and
``(VI) a referendum.''.
(b) Improper Interference in United States Elections.--Section
212(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3))
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(H) Improper interference in a united states
election.--Any alien who is seeking admission to the
United States to engage in improper interference in a
United States election, or who has engaged in improper
interference in a United States election, is
inadmissible.''.
TITLE VI--SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Subtitle A--Expansion of Countering America's Adversaries Through
Sanctions Act
SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ROLE OF SANCTIONS.
It is the sense of Congress that economic and financial sanctions,
when used as part of a coordinated and comprehensive strategy, are a
powerful tool to advance United States foreign policy and national
security interests.
SEC. 602. SANCTIONS RELATED TO INTERFERENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
WITH DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES AND ELECTIONS.
(a) Effective Date; Termination.--
(1) Requirement for finding.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days
thereafter, the Secretary of State and the Director of
National Intelligence, shall jointly submit to the
appropriate congressional committees the finding and
certification described in subparagraph (B).
(B) Finding and certification.--The finding and
certification described in this subparagraph is a
finding and certification as to whether or not the
Government of the Russian Federation is engaged in or
knowingly supporting operations to interfere in the
democratic process, including the administration of
elections, in the United States.
(2) Effective date.--The amendments made by this section
shall--
(A) take effect on the date of the enactment of
this Act; and
(B) apply on and after the earlier of--
(i) a date on which the Secretary of State
and the Director of National Intelligence
jointly submit a finding and certification
described in paragraph (1)(B) that the
Government of the Russian Federation is engaged
in or knowingly supporting operations to
interfere in the democratic process, including
the administration of elections, in the United
States; or
(ii) the date that is 90 days after a date
on which the Secretary of State and the
Director of National Intelligence fail to
jointly submit a finding and certification
described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1)
as required by subparagraph (A) of that
paragraph.
(3) Termination.--The amendments made by this section shall
cease to have force or effect if, after the effective date
described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of State and the
Director of National Intelligence jointly submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a finding and
certification described in paragraph (1)(B) that the Government
of the Russian Federation is not engaged in or knowingly
supporting operations to interfere in the democratic process,
including the administration of elections, in the United
States.
(4) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this
subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional committees''
has the meaning given that term in section 221 of the
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22
U.S.C. 2521).
(b) Amendments.--Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.) is
amended--
(1) by redesignating sections 235, 236, 237, and 238 as
sections 239D, 239E, 239G, and 239H, respectively; and
(2) by inserting after section 234 the following:
``SEC. 235. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS WITH CERTAIN RUSSIAN
POLITICAL FIGURES AND OLIGARCHS.
``On and after the date that is 180 days after the date of the
enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression
Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions described in
section 224(b) with respect to--
``(1) political figures, oligarchs, and other persons that
facilitate illicit and corrupt activities, directly or
indirectly, on behalf of the President of the Russian
Federation, Vladimir Putin, and persons acting for or on behalf
of such political figures, oligarchs, and persons;
``(2) Russian parastatal entities that facilitate illicit
and corrupt activities, directly or indirectly, on behalf of
the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin;
``(3) family members of persons described in paragraph (1)
or (2) that derive significant benefits from such illicit and
corrupt activities; and
``(4) persons, including financial institutions, that
knowingly engage in significant transactions with persons
described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3).
``SEC. 236. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS WITH THE CYBER
SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
``On and after the date that is 60 days after the date of the
enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression
Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions described in
section 224(b) with respect to a person, including any financial
institution, that the President determines--
``(1) knowingly engages in significant transactions with
any person in the Russian Federation that supports or
facilitates malicious cyber activities; or
``(2) is knowingly owned or controlled by, or knowingly
acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, directly or
indirectly, a person that engages in significant transactions
described in paragraph (1).
``SEC. 237. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO
INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORT
FACILITIES.
``(a) In General.--On and after the date that is 180 days after the
date of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose five or more of the
sanctions described in section 239D with respect to a person if the
President determines that the person knowingly, on or after such date
of enactment, makes an investment described in subsection (b) in a
liquefied natural gas export facility located outside of the Russian
Federation.
``(b) Investment Described.--An investment described in this
subsection is an investment that--
``(1) directly and significantly contributes to the ability
of the Russian Federation to construct liquefied natural gas
export facilities outside of the Russian Federation; and
``(2)(A) has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or more; or
``(B) during a 12-month period, has an aggregate fair
market value of $5,000,000 or more.
``SEC. 238. PROHIBITION ON TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO NEW SOVEREIGN DEBT
OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
``(a) In General.--If the Director of National Intelligence
determines that, on or after the date of the enactment of the Defending
American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the Russian
Federation has engaged in malicious cyber activities targeting election
infrastructure that has been designated as critical infrastructure by
the Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than 60 days after that
determination, the President shall prescribe regulations prohibiting
United States persons from engaging in transactions with, providing
financing for, or otherwise dealing in, Russian sovereign debt issued
on or after the date that is 90 days after the date of the
determination.
``(b) Russian Sovereign Debt Defined.--In this section, the term
`Russian sovereign debt' means--
``(1) bonds issued by the Central Bank, the National Wealth
Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, or
agents or affiliates of any of those entities, with a maturity
of more than 14 days;
``(2) foreign exchange swap agreements with the Central
Bank, the National Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the
Russian Federation with a duration of more than 14 days; and
``(3) any other financial instrument, the duration or
maturity of which is more than 14 days, that--
``(A) was issued by a Russian financial institution
on behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation;
or
``(B) the President determines otherwise represents
the sovereign debt of the Government of the Russian
Federation.
``SEC. 239. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
THAT SUPPORT INTERFERENCE IN DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES OR
ELECTIONS.
``On and after the date that is 90 days after the date of the
enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression
Act of 2019, the President shall impose the sanctions described in
section 224(b)(1) with respect to any Russian financial institution
that the President determines has, on or after such date of enactment,
knowingly provided financial or other support for interference by the
Government of the Russian Federation in the democratic process or
elections of any country other than the Russian Federation.''.
SEC. 603. SANCTIONS RELATING TO THE ACTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
WITH RESPECT TO UKRAINE.
(a) Effective Date; Termination.--
(1) Requirement for finding.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days
thereafter, the Secretary of State and the Director of
National Intelligence, shall jointly submit to the
appropriate congressional committees the finding and
certification described in subparagraph (B).
(B) Finding and certification.--The finding and
certification described in this subparagraph is a
finding and certification as to whether or not the
Government of the Russian Federation is engaged in or
knowingly supporting offensive military operations in
Ukraine.
(2) Effective date.--The amendments made by this section
shall--
(A) take effect on the date of the enactment of
this Act; and
(B) apply on and after the earlier of--
(i) a date on which the Secretary of State
and the Director of National Intelligence
jointly submit a finding and certification
described in paragraph (1)(B) that the
Government of the Russian Federation is engaged
in or knowingly supporting offensive military
operations in Ukraine; or
(ii) the date that is 90 days after a date
on which the Secretary of State and the
Director of National Intelligence fail to
jointly submit a finding and certification
described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1)
as required by subparagraph (A) of that
paragraph.
(3) Termination.--The amendments made by this section shall
cease to have force or effect if, after the effective date
described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of State and the
Director of National Intelligence jointly submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a finding and
certification described in paragraph (1)(B) that the Government
of the Russian Federation is not engaged in or knowingly
supporting offensive military operations in Ukraine.
(4) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this
subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional committees''
has the meaning given that term in section 221 of the
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22
U.S.C. 2521).
(b) Amendments.--Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.),
as amended by section 602, is further amended by inserting after
section 239 the following:
``SEC. 239A. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO
INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY RUSSIAN
STATE-OWNED OR PARASTATAL ENTITIES OUTSIDE OF THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.
``On and after the date that is 180 days after the date of the
enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression
Act of 2019, the President shall impose five or more of the sanctions
described in section 239D with respect to a person if the President
determines that--
``(1) the person knowingly, on or after such date of
enactment, invests in a project to explore for or produce crude
oil or natural gas outside of the Russian Federation--
``(A) that is initiated after the date of the
enactment of the Defending American Security from
Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019; and
``(B) in which a Russian parastatal entity or an
entity owned or controlled by the Government of the
Russian Federation has--
``(i) a 33 percent or greater ownership
interest; or
``(ii) ownership of a majority of the
voting interests; and
``(2) the total value of the investment in the project by
that person exceeds or is reasonably expected to exceed
$250,000,000.
``SEC. 239B. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CRUDE OIL RESOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
``(a) In General.--The President shall impose five or more of the
sanctions described in section 239D with respect to a person if the
President determines that the person knowingly, on or after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, sells, leases, or provides to the Russian
Federation goods, services, technology, financing, or support described
in subsection (b)--
``(1) any of which has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or
more; or
``(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an aggregate
fair market value of $5,000,000 or more.
``(b) Goods, Services, Technology, Financing, or Support
Described.--Goods, services, technology, financing, or support
described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, financing
or support that could directly and significantly contribute to the
Russian Federation's--
``(1) ability to develop crude oil resources located in the
Russian Federation; or
``(2) production of crude oil resources in the Russian
Federation, including any direct and significant assistance
with respect to the construction, modernization, or repair of
infrastructure that would facilitate the development of crude
oil resources located in the Russian Federation.
``(c) Applicability.--The requirement to impose sanctions under
subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to the maintenance of
projects that are ongoing as of the date of the enactment of the
Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019.
``(d) Requirement to Issue Guidance.--Not later than 90 days after
the date of enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the Secretary of State, in consultation with
the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, shall issue
regulations--
``(1) clarifying how the exception under subsection (c)
will be applied; and
``(2) listing specific goods, services, technology,
financing, and support covered by subsection (b).
``SEC. 239C. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF
FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION.
``(a) Determination of Violation.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, and every 180 days thereafter, the
Secretary of State shall determine and certify to the
committees specified in subsection (d) whether the Government
of the Russian Federation, including the armed forces or coast
guard of the Russian Federation, has interfered with the
freedom of navigation of one or more vessels in the Kerch
Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with international
law during the 180 days preceding the certification.
``(2) Publication of certification.--Not later than 15 days
after submitting a certification under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall publish the certification in the Federal
Register.
``(b) Imposition of Sanctions.--On and after the date that is 90
days after the publication of a certification under paragraph (2) of
subsection (a) indicating that the Government of the Russian Federation
has interfered with the freedom of navigation of one or more vessels as
described in paragraph (1) of that subsection, all entities operating
in the shipbuilding sector of the Russian Federation shall be subject
to the same restrictions as an entity included on the list of specially
designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of
Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury.
``(c) Removal of Sanctions.--The restrictions imposed pursuant to
subsection (b) shall remain in effect until the date on which the
Secretary of State determines and certifies to the committees specified
in subsection (d) that--
``(1) the Government of the Russian Federation, including
the armed forces and coast guard of the Russian Federation, has
not interfered with the freedom of navigation of any vessels in
the Kerch Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with
international law during the 3-year period preceding the
submission of that certification; and
``(2) the Government of the Russian Federation has provided
assurances that that Government will not engage in such
interference in the future.
``(d) Committees Specified.--The committees specified in this
subsection are--
``(1) the appropriate congressional committees; and
``(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.''.
SEC. 604. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.
(a) Implementation and Penalties.--Part 2 of subtitle A of title II
of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22
U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by sections 602 and 603 is further
amended by inserting after section 239E the following:
``SEC. 239F. IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES.
``(a) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities
provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704)
to carry out this part.
``(b) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to violate,
conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this part or any
regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this part shall be
subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of
section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50
U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful
act described in subsection (a) of that section.''.
(b) Definitions.--Section 221 of the Countering America's
Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7); and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
``(6) Russian financial institution.--The term `Russian
financial institution' means--
``(A) a financial institution organized under the
laws of the Russian Federation or any jurisdiction
within the Russian Federation, including a foreign
branch of such an institution;
``(B) a financial institution located in the
Russian Federation;
``(C) a financial institution, wherever located,
owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian
Federation; and
``(D) a financial institution, wherever located,
owned or controlled by a financial institution
described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).''.
(c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act is amended by striking the
items relating to sections 235 through 238 and inserting the following:
``Sec. 235. Sanctions with respect to transactions with certain Russian
political figures and oligarchs.
``Sec. 236. Sanctions with respect to transactions with the cyber
sector of the Russian Federation.
``Sec. 237. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to
investments in Russian liquefied natural
gas export facilities.
``Sec. 238. Prohibition on transactions relating to new sovereign debt
of the Russian Federation.
``Sec. 239. Sanctions with respect to Russian financial institutions
that support interference in democratic
processes or elections.
``Sec. 239A. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to
investments in energy projects supported by
Russian state-owned or parastatal entities
outside of the Russian Federation.
``Sec. 239B. Sanctions with respect to support for the development of
crude oil resources in the Russian
Federation.
``Sec. 239C. Sanctions for violations by the Russian Federation of
freedom of navigation.
``Sec. 239D. Sanctions described.
``Sec. 239E. Exceptions, waiver, and termination.
``Sec. 239F. Implementation and penalties.
``Sec. 239G. Exception relating to activities of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
``Sec. 239H. Rule of construction.''.
(d) Conforming Amendments.--Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521
et seq.), as amended by this subtitle, is further amended--
(1) in section 231, by striking subsection (e); and
(2) by striking ``section 235'' each place it appears and
inserting ``section 239D''.
(e) Guidance.--The President shall, in a prompt and timely way,
publish guidance on the implementation of this subtitle and the
amendments made by this subtitle and any regulations prescribed
pursuant to this subtitle or any such amendment.
Subtitle B--Expansion of Sanctions Relating to Human Rights Abuses
SEC. 611. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO ASSASSINATIONS
COMMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITHIN THE TERRITORY
OF THE UNITED STATES OR NATO MEMBER COUNTRIES.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the suspected
assassination of an individual by the Government of the Russian
Federation within the territory of the United States or a NATO member
country, the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with
the governments of NATO member countries, as appropriate, shall
determine whether the assassination was directed by the Government of
the Russian Federation.
(b) Imposition of Sanctions.--If the Director of National
Intelligence determines under subsection (a), based on credible
evidence, that the Government of the Russian Federation directed an
assassination described in that subsection, the President shall impose
the sanctions described in section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky
Human Rights Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law
114-328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note) with respect to any foreign person the
President determines is responsible for the assassination.
SEC. 612. REPEAL OF SUNSET FOR GLOBAL MAGNITSKY HUMAN RIGHTS
ACCOUNTABILITY ACT.
Section 1265 of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability
Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 114-328; 22 U.S.C. 2656
note) is repealed.
SEC. 613. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW AND CONTINUED APPLICABILITY OF SANCTIONS
UNDER THE SERGEI MAGNITSKY RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY ACT
OF 2012.
Section 216(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017
(22 U.S.C. 9511(a)(2)(B)(i)) is amended--
(1) in subclause (II), by striking ``; or'' and inserting a
semicolon;
(2) in subclause (III), by striking ``; and'' and inserting
``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(IV) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of
Law Accountability Act of 2012 (title
IV of Public Law 112-208; 22 U.S.C.
5811 note); and''.
Subtitle C--Coordination With the European Union
SEC. 621. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH ALLIES WITH RESPECT TO
SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
It is the sense of Congress that the President should--
(1) continue to uphold and seek unity with European and
other key partners with respect to sanctions implemented with
respect to the Russian Federation, which have been effective
and instrumental in countering the aggression of the Russian
Federation;
(2) engage to the fullest extent possible with governments
that are partners of the United States with regard to closing
loopholes, including the allowance of extended prepayment for
the delivery of goods and commodities and other loopholes, in
multilateral and unilateral restrictive measures against the
Russian Federation, with the aim of maximizing alignment of
those measures; and
(3) increase efforts to vigorously enforce compliance with
sanctions in place as of the date of the enactment of this Act
with respect to the Russian Federation in response to the
crises in Ukraine and Syria, cyber intrusions and attacks, and
human rights violators in the Russian Federation.
SEC. 622. OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
(a) In General.--Section 1 of the State Department Basic
Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as amended by section 211,
is further amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
``(h) Office of Sanctions Coordination.--
``(1) In general.--There is established, within the
Department of State, an Office of Sanctions Coordination
(referred to in this subsection as the `Office').
``(2) Head.--The head of the Office shall--
``(A) have the rank and status of ambassador;
``(B) be appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate; and
``(C) report to the Under Secretary for Political
Affairs.
``(3) Duties.--The head of the Office shall--
``(A) serve as the principal advisor to the senior
management of the Department and the Secretary
regarding the role of the Department in the development
and implementation of sanctions policy, including
sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation, Iran,
North Korea, and other countries;
``(B) represent the United States in diplomatic and
multilateral fora on sanctions matters;
``(C) consult and closely coordinate with the
European Union to ensure the maximum effectiveness of
sanctions imposed by the United States and the European
Union with respect to the Russian Federation;
``(D) advise the Secretary directly and provide
input with respect to all activities, policies, and
programs of all bureaus and offices of the Department
relating to the implementation of sanctions policy; and
``(E) serve as the principal liaison of the
Department to other Federal agencies involved in the
design and implementation of sanctions policy.
``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may
be construed to preclude--
``(A) the Office from being elevated to a Bureau
within the Department; or
``(B) the head of the Office from being elevated to
level of an Assistant Secretary.''.
(b) Report Required.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report detailing the efforts of the Office
of Sanctions Coordination established under the amendments made by
subsection (a) to coordinate sanctions policy with the European Union.
SEC. 623. REPORT ON COORDINATION OF SANCTIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES
AND EUROPEAN UNION.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that
includes the following:
(1) A description of each instance, during the period
specified in subsection (b)--
(A) in which the United States has imposed
sanctions with respect to a person for activity related
to the Russian Federation, but in which the European
Union has not imposed corresponding sanctions; and
(B) in which the European Union has imposed
sanctions with respect to a person for activity related
to the Russian Federation, but in which the United
States has not imposed corresponding sanctions.
(2) An explanation for the reason for each discrepancy
between sanctions imposed by the European Union and sanctions
imposed by the United States described in subparagraphs (A) and
(B) of paragraph (1).
(b) Period Specified.--The period specified in this subsection is--
(1) in the case of the first report submitted under
subsection (a), the period beginning on the date of the
enactment of this Act and ending on the date the report is
submitted; and
(2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 180-day
period preceding the submission of the report.
(c) Form of Report.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be
submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on
Finance of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the
House of Representatives.
Subtitle D--Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the Russian
Federation
SEC. 631. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and
the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee
on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of Representatives.
(2) Senior foreign political figure.--The term ``senior
foreign political figure'' has the meaning given that term in
section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or
any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
SEC. 632. UPDATED REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND PARASTATAL ENTITIES OF THE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
Section 241 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through
Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 922) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections
(c) and (d), respectively;
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
``(b) Updated Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin
Aggression Act of 2019, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation
with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State,
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an updated
report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Russian Federation
that builds on the report submitted under subsection (a) on January 29,
2018, by--
``(1) including the matters described in paragraphs (1)
through (5) of subsection (a); and
``(2) excluding from the portion of the report responsive
to paragraph (1) of subsection (a) any individual with respect
to which there is no credible information suggesting the
individual has the close financial or political relationships,
or engages in the illicit activities, described in subsection
(a).''; and
(3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by paragraph (1), by
striking ``The report required under subsection (a)'' and
inserting ``The reports required by subsections (a) and (b)''.
SEC. 633. REPORT ON SECTION 224 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S ADVERSARIES
THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that describes the persons that the
President has determined under section 224(a)(1)(A) of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9524(a)(1)(A))
knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of
the report, in significant activities undermining cybersecurity against
any person, including a democratic institution or government on behalf
of the Government of the Russian Federation.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall contain
the following:
(1) A list of the persons described in subsection (a).
(2) A description of diplomatic efforts to work with
governments and democratic institutions in other countries the
cybersecurity of which the President determines has been
undermined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
(c) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).
SEC. 634. REPORT ON SECTION 225 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S ADVERSARIES
THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that describes the foreign persons
that the President has determined under section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine
Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8923(b)(1)), as amended by
section 225 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions
Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 910), have knowingly, on or after
August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report, made a significant
investment in a special Russian crude oil project.
(b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).
SEC. 635. REPORT ON SECTION 226 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S ADVERSARIES
THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that describes the foreign financial
institutions that the President has determined under section 5(a) of
the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8924(a)), as amended
by section 226 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through
Sanctions Act (Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 910), have knowingly
engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report,
in significant transactions involving significant investments in a
special Russian crude oil project described in section 4(b)(1) of the
Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014.
(b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).
SEC. 636. REPORT ON SECTION 228 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S ADVERSARIES
THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that describes the foreign persons
that the President has determined under subsection (a) of section 10 of
the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic
Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8909), as added by section
228 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
(Public Law 115-44; 131 Stat. 911), have, on or after August 2, 2017,
and before the date of the report--
(1) materially violated, attempted to violate, conspired to
violate, or caused a violation of any license, order,
regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued pursuant to
any covered Executive order (as defined in subsection (f) of
such section 10), the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity,
Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22
U.S.C. 8901 et seq.), or the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of
2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or
(2) facilitated a significant transaction or transactions,
including deceptive or structured transactions, for or on
behalf of--
(A) any person subject to sanctions imposed by the
United States with respect to the Russian Federation;
or
(B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of an
individual described in subparagraph (A).
(b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).
SEC. 637. REPORT ON SECTION 233 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S ADVERSARIES
THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that describes the foreign persons
that the President has determined under section 233 of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9527) have made,
on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report, an
investment of $10,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments of
not less than $1,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds
$10,000,000 in any 12-month period), or facilitated such an investment,
if the investment directly and significantly contributes to the ability
of the Russian Federation to privatize state-owned assets in a manner
that unjustly benefits--
(1) officials of the Government of the Russian Federation;
or
(2) close associates or family members of those officials.
(b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).
SEC. 638. REPORT ON SECTION 234 OF THE COUNTERING AMERICA'S ADVERSARIES
THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report that describes the foreign persons
that the President has determined under section 234 of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9528) have
knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the
report, exported, transferred, or otherwise provided to Syria
significant financial, material, or technological support that
contributes materially to the ability of the Government of Syria to--
(1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or nuclear
weapons or related technologies;
(2) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile
capabilities;
(3) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and types of
advanced conventional weapons;
(4) acquire significant defense articles, defense services,
or defense information (as such terms are defined under the
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.)); or
(5) acquire items designated by the President for purposes
of the United States Munitions List under section 38(a)(1) of
the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)).
(b) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update to
the report required by subsection (a).
Subtitle E--General Provisions
SEC. 651. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS
AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION.
(a) In General.--This title and the amendments made by this title
shall not apply with respect to activities of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this title or the amendments
made by this title shall be construed to authorize the imposition of
any sanction or other condition, limitation, restriction, or
prohibition, that directly or indirectly impedes the supply by any
entity of the Russian Federation of any product or service, or the
procurement of such product or service by any contractor or
subcontractor of the United States or any other entity, relating to or
in connection with any space launch conducted for--
(1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; or
(2) any other non-Department of Defense customer.
SEC. 652. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this title shall be
construed--
(1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on the use
of rocket engines for national security purposes under section
1608 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. ``Buck'' McKeon National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113-
291; 128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as amended by
section 1607 of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92; 129 Stat. 1100) and
section 1602 of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 130 Stat. 2582); or
(2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of the
Department of Defense from acquiring components referred to in
such section 1608.
TITLE VII--OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
SEC. 701. DETERMINATION ON DESIGNATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A
STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.
(a) Determination.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit
to the appropriate congressional committees a determination of
whether the Russian Federation meets the criteria for
designation as a state sponsor of terrorism.
(2) Form.--The determination required by paragraph (1)
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a
classified annex, if appropriate.
(b) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(2) State sponsor of terrorism.--The term ``state sponsor
of terrorism'' means a country the government of which the
Secretary of State has determined is a government that has
repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism, for purposes of--
(A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control
Reform Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i));
(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371);
(C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act
(22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or
(D) any other provision of law.
SEC. 702. EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING ORDERS OF FINANCIAL CRIMES
ENFORCEMENT NETWORK.
(a) In General.--Section 5326 of title 31, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``(e) Reporting by Title Insurance Companies.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall issue an order under
subsection (a) requiring a domestic title insurance company to
obtain, maintain, and report to the Secretary information on
the beneficial owners of entities that purchase residential
real estate in high-value transactions in which the domestic
title insurance company is involved.
``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Beneficial owner.--The term `beneficial
owner', with respect to an entity, means an individual
who, directly or indirectly, owns 25 percent or more of
the equity interests in the entity.
``(B) Domestic title insurance company.--The term
`domestic title insurance company' has the meaning
given that term in regulations prescribed by the
Secretary.
``(C) High-value transaction.--The term `high-
value', with respect to a real estate transaction, has
the meaning given that term in regulations prescribed
by the Secretary based on the real estate market in
which the transaction takes place.''.
(b) Regulations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe
regulations to carry out the amendment made by subsection (a).
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to carry
out the amendment made by subsection (a).
SEC. 703. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON EXTENSION OF LIMITATIONS ON IMPORTATION
OF URANIUM FROM RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) uranium is essential to the economic and national
security of the Unites States;
(2) the Department of Commerce should negotiate an
extension of the Agreement Suspending the Antidumping
Investigation on Uranium from the Russian Federation (commonly
referred to as the ``Russian Suspension Agreement'')--
(A) to reinvigorate the entire nuclear fuel supply
chain, consistent with the national security and
nonproliferation goals of the United States; and
(B) to protect the United States uranium industry
from the manipulation of the global uranium market by
the Russian Federation and Russian-influenced
competitors; and
(3) a renegotiated suspension agreement is an important
component of a broader strategy to prevent adversaries of the
United States from monopolizing the nuclear fuel supply chain.
SEC. 704. ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL FUSION CENTER TO RESPOND TO
THREATS FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
(a) Establishment.--There is established a National Fusion Center
to Respond to Hybrid Threats, which shall focus primarily on such
threats from the Government of the Russian Federation, and shall be
chaired by senior United States Government officials from participating
agencies (in this section referred to as the ``Center'').
(b) Mission.--The primary missions of the Center are as follows:
(1) To serve as the primary organization in the United
States Government to coordinate analysis and policy
implementation across the United States Government in
responding to hybrid threats posed by the Government of the
Russian Federation to the national security, sovereignty,
democracy, and economic activity of the United States and
United States allies, including the following activities:
(A) Execution of disinformation, misinformation,
and propaganda campaigns through traditional and social
media platforms, including disinformation campaigns
that target members of the United States Armed Forces
or the families of members of the United States Armed
Forces.
(B) Formation, infiltration, or manipulation of
cultural, religious, educational, and political
organizations or parties.
(C) Covert transfer of illicit money through shell
corporations and financial institutions to facilitate
corruption, crime, and malign influence activities,
including through political parties and interest
groups.
(D) Coercive tactics and gray zone activities,
including through para-military and para-police and
security services and militias.
(E) Cyber and other non-traditional threats,
including against public infrastructure, government
institutions, or political organizations or actors.
(F) Use of energy resources or infrastructure to
influence or constrain sovereign states and political
actors.
(2) To synchronize the efforts of the Department of State,
the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Defense, the
Department of Homeland Security, the intelligence community,
other relevant civilian United States Government agencies, and
United States military combatant commands with respect to
countering efforts by the Government of the Russian Federation
to undermine the national security, political sovereignty,
democratic institutions, and economic activity of the United
States and its United States allies, including by--
(A) ensuring that each such element is aware of and
coordinating on such efforts; and
(B) overseeing the development and implementation
of comprehensive and integrated policy responses to
such efforts.
(3) In coordination with the head of the Global Engagement
Center established by section 1287 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 22
U.S.C. 2656 note), to examine current and emerging efforts by
malign state actors to use propaganda and disinformation
operations, including--
(A) traditional media platforms such as television,
radio, and print; and
(B) social media platforms and other Internet
communication tools.
(4) To identify and close gaps across the departments and
agencies of the Federal Government with respect to expertise,
readiness, and planning to address the threats posed by the
Government of the Russian Federation.
(c) Reporting Requirement.--
(1) In general.--The Director of the Center shall submit to
the appropriate congressional committees every 180 days a
report on threats posed by the Russian Federation to the
national security, sovereignty, and economic activity of the
United States and its allies.
(2) Matters included.--Each report under paragraph (1)
shall include, with respect to the period covered by the
report, a discussion of the following:
(A) The nature, extent, and execution of the
threats described in such paragraph.
(B) The ability of the United States Government to
identify and defend against such threats.
(C) The progress of the Center in achieving its
missions, including through coordination with other
governments and multilateral organizations.
(D) Recommendations the Director determines
necessary for legislative actions to improve the
ability of the Center to achieve its missions.
(3) Form.--Each report under paragraph (1) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified
annex.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and
the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee
on Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of Representatives.
(2) Intelligence community.--The term ``intelligence
community'' means an element of the intelligence community
specified or designated under section 3(4) of the National
Security Act of 1947.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
SEC. 705. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND.
(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated for the Countering Russian Influence Fund described in
section 7070(d) of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public Law
115-31; 131 Stat. 706), $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2021 and 2022.
(b) Use of Funds.--Amounts in the Countering Russian Influence Fund
shall be used in countries of Europe and Eurasia the Secretary of State
has determined are vulnerable to malign influence by the Russian
Federation to effectively implement, subject to the availability of
funds, the following goals:
(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure and
electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks.
(2) To combat disinformation and other attempts to
influence democratic processes and elections.
(3) To combat corruption, improve the rule of law, and
otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries and prosecutors
general offices.
(4) To respond to the humanitarian crises and instability
caused or aggravated by the invasions and occupations of
Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by the Russian Federation.
(5) To improve participatory legislative processes and
legal education, political transparency and competition, and
compliance with international obligations.
(6) To build the capacity of civil society, media, and
other nongovernmental organizations countering the influence
and propaganda of the Russian Federation to combat corruption,
prioritize access to truthful information, and operate freely
in all regions.
(7) To assist the Secretary of State in executing the
functions specified in section 1239(b) of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115-91; 10
U.S.C. 113 note) for the purposes of recognizing,
understanding, exposing, and countering propaganda and
disinformation efforts by foreign governments, in coordination
with the relevant regional Assistant Secretary or Assistant
Secretaries of the Department of State.
(c) Revision of Activities for Which Amounts May Be Used.--The
Secretary of State may modify a goal described in subsection (b) if,
not later than 15 days before revising such goal, the Secretary
notifies the appropriate congressional committees of the revision.
(d) Implementation.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall, acting
through the Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe
and Eurasia (authorized pursuant to section 601 of the Support
for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5461)
and section 102 of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian
Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C.
5812)), and in consultation with the Administrator for the
United States Agency for International Development, the
Director of the Global Engagement Center of the Department of
State, the Secretary of Defense, the Commander of United States
European Command, the Chief Executive Officer of the United
States Agency for Global Media, and the heads of other relevant
Federal agencies, coordinate and carry out activities to
achieve the goals described in subsection (b).
(2) Method.--Activities to achieve the goals described in
subsection (b) shall be carried out through--
(A) initiatives of the United States Government;
(B) Federal grant programs such as the Information
Access Fund;
(C) nongovernmental or international organizations;
or
(D) support exchanges with countries facing state-
sponsored disinformation and pressure campaigns,
particularly in Europe and Eurasia, provided that a
portion of the funds are made available through a
process whereby the Bureau of Educational and Cultural
Affairs of the Department of State solicits proposals
from posts located in affected countries to counter
state-sponsored disinformation and hybrid threats,
promote democracy, and support exchanges with countries
facing state-sponsored disinformation and pressure
campaigns.
(3) Report on implementation.--
(A) In general.--Not later than April 1 of each
year, the Secretary of State, acting through the
Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe and
Eurasia, shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on the programs and activities
carried out to achieve the goals described in
subsection (b) during the preceding fiscal year.
(B) Elements.--Each report required by subparagraph
(A) shall include, with respect to each program or
activity described in that subparagraph--
(i) the amount of funding for the program
or activity;
(ii) the goal described in subsection (b)
to which the program or activity relates; and
(iii) an assessment of whether or not the
goal was met.
(e) Coordination With Global Partners.--
(1) In general.--In order to maximize impact, eliminate
duplication, and speed the achievement of the goals described
in subsection (b), the Secretary of State shall ensure
coordination with--
(A) the European Union and its institutions;
(B) the governments of countries that are members
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the
European Union; and
(C) international organizations and quasi-
governmental funding entities that carry out programs
and activities that seek to accomplish the goals
described in subsection (b).
(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to apply to or limit United States foreign assistance not
provided using amounts available in the Countering Russian Influence
Fund.
(g) Expansion of Pilot Program.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall expand the
pilot program required under section 254(g) of the Countering
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9543(g))
to hire additional personnel within the Bureau for Democracy,
Human Rights, and Labor to develop and implement programs
focused on combating corruption, improving rule of law, and
building capacity of civil society, political parties, and
independent media.
(2) Report on ensuring adequate staffing for governance
activities.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to
the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives a report on implementation of the pilot program
required under section 254(g) of the Countering Russian
Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C.
9543(g)).
(h) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on
Finance of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the
House of Representatives.
SEC. 706. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS EUROPE AND EURASIA.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the Government of the Russian Federation has applied,
and continues to apply traditional uses of force, intelligence
operations, cyber attacks, and influence campaigns, including
through the use of corruption, disinformation, and cultural and
social influence, which represent clear and present threats to
the countries of Europe and Eurasia;
(2) in response, governments in Europe and Eurasia should
redouble efforts to build resilience within their institutions,
political systems, and civil societies;
(3) the United States Government supports the democratic
and rule of law-based institutions that the Government of the
Russian Federation seeks to undermine, including the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe, and the European Union;
(4) the United States Government should continue to work
with and strengthen such institutions, including the European
Union, as a partner against aggression by the Government of the
Russian Federation through the coordination of aid programs,
development assistance, and other efforts to counter malign
Russian influence;
(5) the United States Government should continue to work
with the individual countries of Europe and Eurasia to bolster
efforts to counter malign Russian influence in all its forms;
and
(6) the United States Government should increase assistance
and diplomatic efforts in Europe, including in European Union
and NATO countries, to address threats to fundamental human
rights and backsliding in rule of law protections, operating
space for independent media and civil society, and other
democratic institutions, whose strength is critical to
defending against malign Russian influence over the long term.
SEC. 707. ADDRESSING ABUSE AND MISUSE BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF
INTERPOL RED NOTICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The International Criminal Police Organization
(commonly known as ``INTERPOL'') works to prevent and fight
crime through enhanced cooperation and innovation on police and
security matters, including counterterrorism, cybercrime,
counternarcotics, and transnational organized crime.
(2) United States membership and participation in INTERPOL
advances the national security and law enforcement interests of
the United States related to combatting counterterrorism,
cybercrime, counternarcotics, and combatting transnational
organized crime.
(3) Article 2 of INTERPOL's Constitution states that the
organization aims ``[t]o ensure and promote the widest possible
mutual assistance between all criminal police authorities [. .
.] in the spirit of the `Universal Declaration of Human
Rights'''.
(4) Article 3 of INTERPOL's Constitution states that,
``[i]t is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake
any intervention or activities of a political, military,
religious or racial character.''.
(5) Independent international nongovernmental organizations
have documented how several INTERPOL member countries,
including the Government of the Russian Federation and others,
have used INTERPOL's processes, including the red notice and
red diffusion mechanisms, for activities of a political
character.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the
Government of the Russian Federation and the governments of certain
other countries have repeatedly abused and misused INTERPOL's red
notice and red diffusion mechanisms for overtly political purposes and
activities such as harassing or persecuting political opponents, human
rights defenders, or journalists.
(c) Censure of Abusive Activity and Institutional Reforms.--The
Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall
use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at INTERPOL--
(1) to inform the INTERPOL General Secretariat about cases
in which countries are misusing its systems for activities of a
political character or other purposes contrary to INTERPOL's
Constitution, so that appropriate measures may be taken by
INTERPOL;
(2) to advance institutional reforms at INTERPOL, including
in the General Secretariat, the Commission for the Control of
Files, and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force within the
General Secretariat, to prevent member countries from abusing
and misusing INTERPOL's red notice and diffusion mechanisms;
(3) to increase, to the extent practicable, dedicated
funding to the Commission for the Control of Files and the
Notices and Diffusions Task Force in order to further expand
operations related to the review of requests for red notices
and red diffusions; and
(4) to censure member countries that repeatedly abuse and
misuse INTERPOL's red notice and red diffusion mechanisms,
including restricting the access of those countries to
INTERPOL's data and information systems.
(d) Report on United States Support for INTERPOL Reforms.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in
consultation with the Attorney General, shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees an unclassified report on
United States support for institutional reforms at INTERPOL
that are necessary to address abuse and misuse of INTERPOL's
red notice and red diffusion mechanisms.
(2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall
include--
(A) to the extent feasible, a description of United
States support for reforms that increase INTERPOL's
transparency with respect to--
(i) the number of red notices and red
diffusions requested by each member country;
(ii) the number or proportion of requests
for red notice or red diffusions rejected by
INTERPOL, following internal review, for each
member country;
(iii) how INTERPOL's General Secretariat
identifies requests for red notice or red
diffusions that are politically motivated or
are otherwise in violation of INTERPOL's rules;
and
(iv) how INTERPOL reviews and addresses
cases in which a member country has abused or
misused the red notice and red diffusion
mechanisms for overtly political purposes; and
(B) a list of countries that the Secretary
determines have repeatedly abused and misused the red
notice and red diffusion mechanisms for political
purposes.
(3) Public availability.--The report required by paragraph
(1) shall be posted on a publicly available interest website of
the Department of State and of the Department of Justice.
(e) Prohibition Against Action on Abusive Red Notices and Red
Diffusions.--An official of the United States may not take any action
against a person based solely on the issuance of an INTERPOL red notice
or red diffusion issued by a country identified on the list required by
paragraph (2)(B) unless the Secretary, in consultation with the
Attorney General, determines and certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that the red notice or red diffusion was not
issued for political purposes.
(f) Briefing on Resources for INTERPOL Washington.--Not later than
90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney
General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall brief the
appropriate congressional committees on--
(1) recommendations with respect to--
(A) the appropriate number of employees of the
United States at the United States National Central
Bureau and detailed to INTERPOL, including the Office
of Legislative Affairs, the Notices and Diffusion Task
Force, the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL's
Files, the Executive Committee of INTERPOL, and other
key positions at the headquarters of INTERPOL in Lyon,
France, or other offices of INTERPOL; and
(B) improving technological innovations, including
case management or other systems, of the United States
National Central Bureau; and
(2) an estimate of the funding required to support those
recommendations.
(g) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
the Judiciary of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 708. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN SYRIA.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) In March 2016, Amnesty International issued a report
stating, ``Syrian and Russian forces have been deliberately
attacking health facilities in flagrant violation of
international humanitarian law. But what is truly egregious is
that wiping out hospitals appears to have become part of their
military strategy.''.
(2) On September 21, 2017, Department of State Spokesperson
Heather Nauert said, ``The United States is concerned by
reports of airstrikes in Idlib province and northern Hama
province on September 19 and 20 that killed at least three
medical personnel and damaged a number of medical facilities,
emergency equipment, and civil defense centers. These attacks
fit an all-too-familiar pattern in which medical facilities and
personnel--and the civilians they serve--are victims of strikes
by the Syrian regime and its Russian allies.''.
(3) In February 2018, Syrian and Russian airstrikes in
rebel-held areas killed 230 civilians and hit at least 9
medical facilities. In a statement on February 10, 2018, the
office of Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein, the United Nations High
Commissioner for Human Rights, said the airstrikes ``may,
depending on the circumstances, all constitute war crimes''.
(4) On March 6, 2018, the United Nations Independent
International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
noted, ``[I]n one particularly harmful attack on 13 November,
the Russian Air Force carried out airstrikes on a densely
populated civilian area in Atareb (Aleppo), killing at least 84
people and injuring another 150. Using unguided weapons, the
attack struck a market, police station, shops, and a
restaurant, and may amount to a war crime.''.
(b) Report Required.--The Secretary of State shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report on alleged war crimes and
crimes against humanity attributable to the Government of the Russian
Federation or paramilitary forces or contractors responsive to the
direction of that Government during the operations of that Government
in Syria--
(1) not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act; and
(2) not later than 180 days after the date on which the
Secretary of State determines that the violence in Syria has
ceased.
(c) Elements.--Each report required by subsection (b) shall include
the following:
(1) A description of alleged war crimes and crimes against
humanity described in subsection (b), including--
(A) any such alleged crimes that may violate the
principle of medical neutrality and, if possible, an
identification of the individual or individuals who
engaged in or organized such crimes; and
(B) if possible, a description of the conventional
and unconventional weapons used for such alleged crimes
and the origins of such weapons.
(2) An assessment of whether such alleged crimes constitute
war crimes or crimes against humanity, including genocide.
(3) A description and assessment by the Office of Global
Criminal Justice of the Department of State, the United States
Agency for International Development, the Department of
Justice, and other appropriate Federal agencies, of programs
that the United States Government has undertaken to ensure
accountability for such alleged crimes, including programs--
(A) to train investigators within and outside of
Syria on how to document, investigate, develop findings
with respect to, and identify and locate alleged
perpetrators of, such alleged crimes, including--
(i) the number of United States Government
or contractor personnel currently designated to
work full-time on such training; and
(ii) an identification of the authorities
and appropriations being used to support such
training; and
(B) to document, collect, preserve, and protect
evidence of such alleged crimes, including support for
Syrian, foreign, and international nongovernmental
organizations, and other entities, including the
International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to
Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons
Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under
International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic
since March 2011 and the Independent International
Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic of
the United Nations.
(d) Protection of Witnesses and Evidence.--In preparing the report
required by subsection (b), the Secretary shall take due care to ensure
that the identities of witnesses and physical evidence are not publicly
disclosed in a manner that might place such witnesses at risk of harm
or encourage the destruction of such evidence by the Government of the
Russian Federation or the Government of Syria, violent extremist
groups, anti-government forces, or any other combatants or participants
in the conflict in Syria.
(e) Form.--Each report required by subsection (b) may be submitted
in unclassified or classified form, but shall include a publicly
available annex.
(f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on
Finance of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the
House of Representatives.
SEC. 709. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN SYRIA.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in
coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense,
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and leadership
a report that includes--
(1) an assessment of the willingness and capacity of the
Government of the Russian Federation to ensure the removal of
Iranian forces, Iran-aligned and Iran-directed militias and
paramilitaries, and other armed groups responsive to the
direction of Iran, from the territory of Syria;
(2) a list of policies, actions, or activities that the
Government of the Russian Federation would take if that
Government were willing to ensure the removal of the forces,
militias, paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in
paragraph (1) from the territory of Syria;
(3) a list of policies, actions, or activities that the
Government of the Russian Federation would take to ensure the
removal of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other
armed groups described in paragraph (1) from the territory of
Syria if that Government were capable of doing so;
(4) an assessment of whether any of the policies, actions,
or activities described in paragraph (2) or (3) are being taken
by the Government of the Russian Federation;
(5) an assessment of the specific commitments made by
officials of the Government of the Russian Federation to
officials of the Government of Israel with respect to the Golan
Heights and the presence of the forces, militias,
paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in paragraph
(1) in the territory of Syria;
(6) an assessment of weapons, technologies, and knowledge
directly or indirectly transferred by the Government of the
Russian Federation to the regime of Bashar al-Assad, Lebanese
Hezbollah, Iran, or Iran-aligned forces in Syria that threaten
the security and qualitative military edge of Israel; and
(7) an assessment of whether the presence of Russian forces
and Russian contractors in Syria limits the options of the
Government of Israel in taking steps to ensure its security
from threats emanating from the territory of Syria.
(b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted
in an unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees and Leadership Defined.--
In this section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees and
leadership'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the majority and
minority leaders of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the
Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the
House of Representatives.
SEC. 710. REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION OF BORIS NEMTSOV.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the
Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees and leadership a report detailing the
circumstances of the assassination on February 27, 2015, of Russian
opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, including--
(1) a list of the individuals the Secretary determines to
have been involved in the assassination as perpetrators or as
having organized or directed the assassination;
(2) a description of what measures, if any, have been taken
by the Government of the Russian Federation to investigate the
assassination and bring the individuals described in paragraph
(1) to justice; and
(3) an assessment of the effectiveness of those measures.
(b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted
in an unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees and Leadership Defined.--
In this section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees and
leadership'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance,
and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the
Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the
House of Representatives.
SEC. 711. REPORT ON THE PERSONAL NET WORTH AND ASSETS OF VLADIMIR
PUTIN.
(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a detailed report on
the personal net worth and assets of the President of the Russian
Federation, Vladimir Putin, including--
(1) the estimated net worth and known sources of income of
Vladimir Putin and his family members, including assets,
investments, bank accounts, other business interests, and
relevant beneficial ownership information; and
(2) an identification of the most significant senior
foreign political figures and oligarchs in the Russian
Federation, as determined by their closeness to Vladimir Putin.
(b) Form of Report.--The report required under subsection (a) shall
be submitted in an unclassified form but may include a classified
annex.
(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on
Finance of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Financial Services, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the
House of Representatives.
SEC. 712. REPORT ON THE THREAT POSED BY RUSSIAN NATIONAL YEVGENIY
PRIGOZHIN AND HIS AFFILIATED STRUCTURES TO UNITED STATES
NATIONAL SECURITY.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence, in
coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense,
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report
assessing the threat posed to the national security of the United
States by Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin and his affiliated
structures, including--
(1) an assessment of the activities by the Wagner Group and
other mercenary organizations affiliated with Russian national
Yevgeniy Prigozhin in the Central African Republic, Venezuela,
Syria, Libya, Sudan, Madagascar, and other countries, and the
threat those activities may pose to the national interests and
national security of the United States;
(2) an assessment of the nature of the relationship between
the Wagner Group and other organizations affiliated with
Yevgeniy Prigozhin and the military and the Government of the
Russian Federation; and
(3) an assessment of the role of the Wagner Group and other
organizations affiliated with Russian national Yevgeniy
Prigozhin in the murder of Russian journalists Orkhan Dzhemal,
Alexander Rastorguyev, and Kirill Radchenko in the Central
African Republic on July 31, 2018.
(b) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committee
on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs
of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 713. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON VIOLATIONS OF LGBTI HUMAN RIGHTS.
It is the policy of the United States that--
(1) the United States strongly condemns human rights
violations against the LGBTI community in Chechnya, including
extrajudicial killings, abductions, torture, and other
violations of internationally recognized human rights; and
(2) the United States calls on the Russian Federation to
fully investigate human rights violations against the LGBTI
community, hold perpetrators accountable, protect victims, and
stop persecuting activists who assist victims.
SEC. 714. ADDRESSING OBSTRUCTION BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF
MULTILATERAL ACTION THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY
COUNCIL.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The Russian Federation routinely uses its veto power
and influence at the United Nations Security Council to
obstruct multilateral action on global challenges, undermining
the security of the United States and countries around the
world.
(2) The Russian Federation has vetoed more than a dozen
United Nations Security Council resolutions dealing with Syria
since the beginning of the conflict in Syria in 2011, including
resolutions dealing with the use of chemical weapons, the
humanitarian situation in Syria, and violations of human
rights.
(3) In recent years, the Russian Federation has blocked
United Nations Security Council action related to numerous
security challenges, including those in Ukraine, Yemen, and
Venezuela.
(4) The Russian Federation continues to impede efforts by
the United Nations Security Council to enforce sanctions with
respect to North Korea, including sanctions relating to North
Korean laborers and exports of petroleum products.
(b) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit
to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives an
unclassified report on Russian obstruction of multilateral
action in the United Nations Security Council.
(2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall
describe--
(A) actions by the Russian Federation to block
multilateral action through the United Nations Security
Council counter to the policies of the United States;
(B) the benefits and disadvantages to United States
national security priorities of expanded United Nations
Security Council membership of both permanent and
rotating members;
(C) the position of the United States on United
Nations Security Council reform proposals presented by
other United Nations members and nongovernmental
actors; and
(D) diplomatic means to respond to obstruction by
the Russian Federation of multilateral action through
the United Nations Security Council.
SEC. 715. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RESPONSIBILITY OF TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES
FOR STATE-SPONSORED DISINFORMATION.
It is the sense of Congress that technology companies, particularly
social media companies, share responsibility for ensuring that their
platforms are free of disinformation sponsored by the Government of the
Russian Federation and other foreign governments.
SEC. 716. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON POLITICAL PRISONERS IN THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the Government of the United States condemns the
deliberate targeting and detention of political prisoners
within the Russian Federation, including--
(A) peaceful protesters;
(B) civil society activists;
(C) human rights advocates;
(D) journalists;
(E) Crimean Tatars;
(F) members of a political organization considered
``undesirable'' in the Russian Federation; and
(G) adherents of a religious group prohibited by
the Russian Federation; and
(2) the President should seek to impose targeted sanctions
on government officials of the Russian Federation responsible
for human rights abuses under existing authorities, including
the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012
(title IV of Public Law 112-208; 22 U.S.C. 5811 note) and the
Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (subtitle F of
title XII of Public Law 114-328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note).
SEC. 717. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON POLICY WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN
FEDERATION IN AFRICA.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) Russian President Vladimir Putin seeks to increase the
influence of the Russian Federation in Africa to--
(A) project power and strategic influence in the
international arena by taking advantage of African
countries, including some that are economically and
politically vulnerable, in an opportunistic and
exploitative manner;
(B) increase access by the Russian Federation to
natural resources and raw materials without respect for
international anti-corruption and transparency best
practices; and
(C) expand the market for goods and services from
the Russian Federation, especially arms, oil, gas, and
nuclear energy;
(2) President Putin recently convened delegates from 45
African countries, including 43 heads of state in Sochi,
Russian Federation, at the first Russia-Africa Forum on October
23 and 24, 2019;
(3) during the Russia-Africa Forum, 13 African leaders held
bilateral meetings with President Putin;
(4) President Putin announced that the Russian Federation
had signed ``more than 30 military tactical cooperation
agreements'' including for a ``large array of weaponry and
hardware'' by the conclusion of the Russia-Africa Forum;
(5) the Russia-Africa Forum resulted in a reported
$12,500,000,000 in business deals, largely in arms, and
President Putin announced a $40,000,000,000 goal for trade with
Africa;
(6) from 2006 to 2018, total trade by the Russian
Federation with sub-Saharan Africa reportedly increased by 336
percent;
(7) the Russian Federation is the largest arms exporter to
the African continent, accounting for 49 percent of the total
estimated value of arms exports to North Africa (mostly to
Algeria), and 28 percent to sub-Saharan Africa in the period
from 2014 through 2018;
(8) as it did in the 2016 United States election, the
Russian Federation has interfered in a number of recent African
elections to further its national economic and political
interests;
(9) activities by the Russian Federation in Africa
include--
(A) meddling in democratic electoral processes;
(B) offering low or no cost financing to
impoverished countries in exchange for lucrative
natural resource contracts for firms controlled by
Russian state-backed oligarchs;
(C) supplying arms and munitions to governments
with autocratic leanings as well as occasionally to
rebel leaders; and
(D) installing military and, in some instances,
political advisors in key decision-making circles;
(10) Yevgeniy Prigozhin, a close associate of President
Putin, the Wagner Group, and other entities affiliated with
Yevgeniy Prigozhin are frequently at the center of election
interference efforts by the Russian Federation and are often
beneficiaries of associated natural resource contracts;
(11) in Madagascar, after meeting with the incumbent
President of the country, President Putin reportedly authorized
an electoral disinformation campaign on social media and
bolstered multiple spoiler presidential candidates in exchange
for lucrative mining concessions for a company controlled by
Yevgeniy Prigozhin;
(12) in Guinea, the Russian Federation is supporting the
attempt by President Alpha Conde to overturn the Constitution
of Guinea and serve a third 5-year term, likely to preserve
access to Guinean bauxite for the top aluminum company in the
Russian Federation, Rusal;
(13) in the Central African Republic, President Faustin-
Archange Touadera appointed a former Russian intelligence
official as his security advisor and Moscow deployed soldiers
and private military contractors to train Central African
soldiers, reportedly in exchange for diamond and gold mining
access for entities affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin;
(14) in Libya, President Putin has reportedly disregarded
the United Nations arms embargo with respect to that country
and sent arms and mercenaries to bolster rebel General Khalifa
Haftar, calculating that control by General Haftar of the oil
rich regions of Libya would be in the economic best interests
of the Russian Federation;
(15) in Sudan, interventions by the Russian Federation
range from arming the regime of former President Omar al
Bashir, to blocking United Nations Security Council sanctions
designations linked to the Darfur conflict, to facilitating
violent efforts to suppress opposition protests in early 2019
as the Russian Federation sought to preserve its mining and
energy contracts and gain strategic access to the Red Sea; and
(16) in Zimbabwe, the Russian Federation courted President
Emmerson Mnangagwa when he went to Moscow seeking loans to
alleviate an economic crisis, with opportunities for the
Russian Federation to invest in oil and gas, diamond, and
platinum concessions from Zimbabwe as the likely draw.
Calendar No. 389
116th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 482
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to combat
international cybercrime, and to impose additional sanctions with
respect to the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
December 18, 2019
Reported with an amendment