[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3415 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3415

  To allow Americans to earn paid sick time so that they can address 
     their own health needs and the health needs of their families.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 5, 2020

 Mrs. Murray (for herself, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Heinrich, Mr. 
  Van Hollen, and Mr. Brown) introduced the following bill; which was 
 read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, 
                              and Pensions

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To allow Americans to earn paid sick time so that they can address 
     their own health needs and the health needs of their families.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Paid Sick Days for Public Health 
Emergencies and Personal and Family Care Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Child.--The term ``child'' means a biological, foster, 
        or adopted child, a stepchild, a child of a domestic partner, a 
        legal ward, or a child of a person standing in loco parentis.
            (2) Domestic partner.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``domestic partner'', 
                with respect to an individual, means another individual 
                with whom the individual is in a committed 
                relationship.
                    (B) Committed relationship defined.--The term 
                ``committed relationship'' means a relationship between 
                2 individuals, each at least 18 years of age, in which 
                each individual is the other individual's sole domestic 
                partner and both individuals share responsibility for a 
                significant measure of each other's common welfare. The 
                term includes any such relationship between 2 
                individuals, including individuals of the same sex, 
                that is granted legal recognition by a State or 
                political subdivision of a State as a marriage or 
                analogous relationship, including a civil union or 
                domestic partnership.
            (3) Domestic violence.--The term ``domestic violence'' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 40002(a) of the Violence 
        Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12291(a)), except that the 
        reference in such section to the term ``jurisdiction receiving 
        grant monies'' shall be deemed to mean the jurisdiction in 
        which the victim lives or the jurisdiction in which the 
        employer involved is located. Such term also includes dating 
        violence, as that term is defined in such section.
            (4) Employee.--The term ``employee'' means an individual 
        who is--
                    (A)(i) an employee, as defined in section 3(e) of 
                the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 
                203(e)), who is not covered under subparagraph (E), 
                including such an employee of the Library of Congress, 
                except that a reference in such section to an employer 
                shall be considered to be a reference to an employer 
                described in clauses (i)(I) and (ii) of paragraph 
                (5)(A); or
                    (ii) an employee of the Government Accountability 
                Office;
                    (B) a State employee described in section 304(a) of 
                the Government Employee Rights Act of 1991 (42 U.S.C. 
                2000e-16c(a));
                    (C) a covered employee, as defined in section 101 
                of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 
                U.S.C. 1301), other than an applicant for employment;
                    (D) a covered employee, as defined in section 
                411(c) of title 3, United States Code; or
                    (E) a Federal officer or employee covered under 
                subchapter V of chapter 63 of title 5, United States 
                Code.
            (5) Employer.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``employer'' means a 
                person who is--
                            (i)(I) a covered employer, as defined in 
                        subparagraph (B), who is not covered under 
                        subclause (V);
                            (II) an entity employing a State employee 
                        described in section 304(a) of the Government 
                        Employee Rights Act of 1991;
                            (III) an employing office, as defined in 
                        section 101 of the Congressional Accountability 
                        Act of 1995;
                            (IV) an employing office, as defined in 
                        section 411(c) of title 3, United States Code; 
                        or
                            (V) an employing agency covered under 
                        subchapter V of chapter 63 of title 5, United 
                        States Code; and
                            (ii) engaged in commerce (including 
                        government), or an industry or activity 
                        affecting commerce (including government), as 
                        defined in subparagraph (B)(iii).
                    (B) Covered employer.--
                            (i) In general.--In subparagraph (A)(i)(I), 
                        the term ``covered employer''--
                                    (I) means any person engaged in 
                                commerce or in any industry or activity 
                                affecting commerce who employs 1 or 
                                more employees;
                                    (II) includes--
                                            (aa) any person who acts, 
                                        directly or indirectly, in the 
                                        interest of an employer to any 
                                        of the employees of such 
                                        employer; and
                                            (bb) any successor in 
                                        interest of an employer;
                                    (III) includes any ``public 
                                agency'', as defined in section 3(x) of 
                                the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 
                                (29 U.S.C. 203(x)); and
                                    (IV) includes the Government 
                                Accountability Office and the Library 
                                of Congress.
                            (ii) Public agency.--For purposes of clause 
                        (i)(IV), a public agency shall be considered to 
                        be a person engaged in commerce or in an 
                        industry or activity affecting commerce.
                            (iii) Definitions.--For purposes of this 
                        subparagraph:
                                    (I) Commerce.--The terms 
                                ``commerce'' and ``industry or activity 
                                affecting commerce'' mean any activity, 
                                business, or industry in commerce or in 
                                which a labor dispute would hinder or 
                                obstruct commerce or the free flow of 
                                commerce, and include ``commerce'' and 
                                any ``industry affecting commerce'', as 
                                defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of 
                                section 501 of the Labor Management 
                                Relations Act, 1947 (29 U.S.C. 142 (1) 
                                and (3)).
                                    (II) Employee.--The term 
                                ``employee'' has the same meaning given 
                                such term in section 3(e) of the Fair 
                                Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 
                                203(e)).
                                    (III) Person.--The term ``person'' 
                                has the same meaning given such term in 
                                section 3(a) of the Fair Labor 
                                Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 
                                203(a)).
                    (C) Predecessors.--Any reference in this paragraph 
                to an employer shall include a reference to any 
                predecessor of such employer.
            (6) Employment benefits.--The term ``employment benefits'' 
        means all benefits provided or made available to employees by 
        an employer, including group life insurance, health insurance, 
        disability insurance, sick leave, annual leave, educational 
        benefits, and pensions, regardless of whether such benefits are 
        provided by a practice or written policy of an employer or 
        through an ``employee benefit plan'', as defined in section 
        3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 
        U.S.C. 1002(3)).
            (7) Health care provider.--The term ``health care 
        provider'' means a provider who--
                    (A)(i) is a doctor of medicine or osteopathy who is 
                authorized to practice medicine or surgery (as 
                appropriate) by the State in which the doctor 
                practices; or
                    (ii) is any other person determined by the 
                Secretary to be capable of providing health care 
                services; and
                    (B) is not employed by an employer for whom the 
                provider issues certification under this Act.
            (8) Paid sick time.--The term ``paid sick time'' means an 
        increment of compensated leave that--
                    (A) can be--
                            (i) earned by an employee for use during an 
                        absence from employment for a reason described 
                        in any paragraph of section 3(b); or
                            (ii) provided by an employer during a 
                        public health emergency for use during an 
                        absence from employment for a reason described 
                        in any paragraph of section 3(b); and
                    (B) is compensated at a rate that is not less than 
                the greatest of--
                            (i) the employee's regular rate of pay;
                            (ii) the minimum wage rate provided for in 
                        section 6(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act 
                        of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(a)(1)); or
                            (iii) the minimum wage rate provided for in 
                        the applicable State or local law for the State 
                        or locality in which the employee is employed.
            (9) Parent.--The term ``parent'' means a biological, 
        foster, or adoptive parent of an employee, a stepparent of an 
        employee, parent-in-law, parent of a domestic partner, or a 
        legal guardian or other person who stood in loco parentis to an 
        employee when the employee was a child.
            (10) Public health emergency.--The term ``public health 
        emergency'' means a public health emergency declared by the 
        Secretary of Health and Human Services for a jurisdiction, or 
        by a State public health official with authority to declare 
        such an emergency for the State or jurisdiction within the 
        State.
            (11) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Labor.
            (12) Sexual assault.--The term ``sexual assault'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 40002(a) of the Violence 
        Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12291(a)).
            (13) Spouse.--The term ``spouse'', with respect to an 
        employee, has the meaning given such term by the marriage laws 
        of the State in which the marriage was celebrated.
            (14) Stalking.--The term ``stalking'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 40002(a) of the Violence Against Women Act 
        of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12291(a)).
            (15) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 3 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
        U.S.C. 203).
            (16) Victim services organization.--The term ``victim 
        services organization'' means a nonprofit, nongovernmental 
        organization that provides assistance to victims of domestic 
        violence, sexual assault, or stalking or advocates for such 
        victims, including a rape crisis center, an organization 
        carrying out a domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking 
        prevention or treatment program, an organization operating a 
        shelter or providing counseling services, or a legal services 
        organization or other organization providing assistance through 
        the legal process.

SEC. 3. PAID SICK TIME.

    (a) Earning of Paid Sick Time.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), an employer 
        shall provide each employee employed by the employer not less 
        than 1 hour of earned paid sick time for every 30 hours worked, 
        to be used as described in subsection (b). An employer shall 
        not be required to permit an employee to earn, under this 
        subsection, more than 56 hours of paid sick time in a year, 
        unless the employer chooses to set a higher limit.
            (2) Exempt employees.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph 
                (3), for purposes of this subsection, an employee who 
                is exempt from overtime requirements under section 
                13(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
                U.S.C. 213(a)(1)) shall be assumed to work 40 hours in 
                each workweek.
                    (B) Shorter normal workweek.--If the normal 
                workweek of such an employee is less than 40 hours, the 
                employee shall earn paid sick time under this 
                subsection based upon that normal workweek.
            (3) Dates for beginning to earn paid sick time and use.--
                    (A) In general.--Employees shall begin to earn paid 
                sick time under this subsection at the commencement of 
                their employment. An employee shall be entitled to use 
                the earned paid sick time beginning on the 60th 
                calendar day following commencement of the employee's 
                employment. After that 60th calendar day, the employee 
                may use the paid sick time as the time is earned. An 
                employer may, at the discretion of the employer, loan 
                paid sick time to an employee for use by such employee 
                in advance of the employee earning such sick time as 
                provided in this subsection and may permit use before 
                the 60th day of employment.
                    (B) Public health emergency.--Subparagraph (A) 
                shall not apply with respect to additional paid sick 
                time provided under subsection (c). In the event of a 
                public health emergency, an employee may immediately 
                use the additional or accrued paid sick time described 
                in subsection (c), regardless of how long the employee 
                has been employed by an employer.
            (4) Carryover.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), paid sick time earned under this subsection shall 
                carry over from 1 year to the next.
                    (B) Construction.--This subsection shall not be 
                construed to require an employer to permit an employee 
                to earn more than 56 hours of earned paid sick time at 
                a given time.
            (5) Employers with existing policies.--Any employer with a 
        paid leave policy who makes available an amount of paid leave 
        that is sufficient to meet the requirements of this subsection 
        and that may be used for the same purposes and under the same 
        conditions as the purposes and conditions outlined in 
        subsection (b) shall not be required to permit an employee to 
        earn more paid sick time under this subsection.
            (6) Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
        construed as requiring financial or other reimbursement to an 
        employee from an employer upon the employee's termination, 
        resignation, retirement, or other separation from employment 
        for earned paid sick time that has not been used.
            (7) Reinstatement.--If an employee is separated from 
        employment with an employer and is rehired, within 12 months 
        after that separation, by the same employer, the employer shall 
        reinstate the employee's previously earned paid sick time under 
        this subsection. The employee shall be entitled to use the 
        earned paid sick time and earn more paid sick time at the 
        recommencement of employment with the employer.
            (8) Prohibition.--An employer may not require, as a 
        condition of providing paid sick time under this Act, that the 
        employee involved search for or find a replacement employee to 
        cover the hours during which the employee is using paid sick 
        time.
    (b) Uses.--Paid sick time under this section may be used by an 
employee for any of the following:
            (1) An absence resulting from a physical or mental illness, 
        injury, or medical condition of the employee.
            (2) An absence resulting from obtaining professional 
        medical diagnosis or care, or preventive medical care, for the 
        employee.
            (3) An absence resulting from the closure of an employee's 
        place of employment by order of a Federal or State public 
        official with jurisdiction, or at the employer's discretion, 
        due to a public health emergency.
            (4) An absence because a Federal or State public official 
        with jurisdiction or a health care provider has determined that 
        the employee's presence in the community may jeopardize the 
        health of others because of the employee's exposure to a 
        communicable disease during a public health emergency, 
        regardless of whether the employee has actually contracted the 
        communicable disease.
            (5) An absence for the purpose of caring for a child, a 
        parent, a spouse, a domestic partner, or any other individual 
        related by blood or affinity whose close association with the 
        employee is the equivalent of a family relationship--
                    (A) who is a child, if the child's school or place 
                of care has been closed by order of a Federal or State 
                public official with jurisdiction or at the discretion 
                of the school or place of care due to a public health 
                emergency, including if a school or entity operating 
                the place of care is physically closed but is providing 
                education or care to the child remotely; or
                    (B) because a Federal or State public official with 
                jurisdiction or a health care provider has determined 
                that the presence in the community of the person 
                receiving care may jeopardize the health of others 
                because of the person's exposure to a communicable 
                disease during a public health emergency, regardless of 
                whether the person has actually contracted the 
                communicable disease.
            (6) An absence for the purpose of caring for a child, a 
        parent, a spouse, a domestic partner, or any other individual 
        related by blood or affinity whose close association with the 
        employee is the equivalent of a family relationship--
                    (A) who has any of the conditions or needs for 
                diagnosis or care described in paragraph (1) or (2);
                    (B) who is a child, if the employee is required to 
                attend a school meeting or a meeting at a place where 
                the child is receiving care necessitated by the child's 
                health condition or disability; or
                    (C) who is otherwise in need of care.
            (7) An absence resulting from domestic violence, sexual 
        assault, or stalking, if the time is to--
                    (A) seek medical attention for the employee or the 
                employee's child, parent, spouse, domestic partner, or 
                an individual related to the employee as described in 
                paragraph (6), to recover from physical or 
                psychological injury or disability caused by domestic 
                violence, sexual assault, or stalking;
                    (B) obtain or assist a related person described in 
                paragraph (6) in obtaining services from a victim 
                services organization;
                    (C) obtain or assist a related person described in 
                paragraph (6) in obtaining psychological or other 
                counseling;
                    (D) seek relocation; or
                    (E) take legal action, including preparing for or 
                participating in any civil or criminal legal proceeding 
                related to or resulting from domestic violence, sexual 
                assault, or stalking.
    (c) Additional Paid Sick Time for Public Health Emergency.--
            (1) Additional paid sick time.--On the date of a 
        declaration of a public health emergency, an employer in the 
        jurisdiction involved shall provide each employee of the 
        employer in that jurisdiction with additional paid sick time, 
        in addition to any amount of paid sick time accrued by the 
        employee under subsection (a) (including paid leave referred to 
        in subsection (a)(4)).
            (2) Amount of paid sick time.--In receiving additional paid 
        sick time under paragraph (1), the employee shall receive--
                    (A) for a full-time salaried employee, a specified 
                amount of paid sick time that is sufficient to provide 
                the employee with 14 continuous days away from work 
                without a reduction in pay; and
                    (B) for a part-time or hourly employee, a specified 
                amount of paid sick time equal to the number of hours 
                that the employee was scheduled to work or, if not so 
                scheduled, regularly works in a 14-day period.
            (3) Use of leave.--The additional sick time and accrued 
        sick time described in this subsection shall be available for 
        immediate use by the employee for the purposes described in any 
        paragraph of subsection (b) beginning on the date a public 
        health emergency is declared, regardless of how long the 
        employee has been employed by an employer.
            (4) Sequencing.--During the public health emergency, an 
        employee may first use the additional sick time for those 
        purposes. The employee may then use the accrued sick time 
        during the public health emergency, or retain the accrued sick 
        time for use after the public health emergency. An employer may 
        not require an employee to use the accrued sick time, or any 
        other paid leave provided by the employer to the employee, 
        before using the additional sick time.
            (5) Periods.--An employee may take the additional sick time 
        on the schedule that meets the employee's needs, consistent 
        with subsection (b), including taking the additional sick time 
        intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule, and an employer 
        may not require an employee to take the additional sick time in 
        a single period or on any other schedule specified by the 
        employer.
    (d) Scheduling.--An employee shall make a reasonable effort to 
schedule a period of accrued paid sick time under subsection (a) in a 
manner that does not unduly disrupt the operations of the employer.
    (e) Procedures.--
            (1) In general.--Paid sick time shall be provided upon the 
        oral or written request of an employee. Such request shall--
                    (A) include the expected duration of the period of 
                such time;
                    (B) in a case in which the need for such period of 
                time is foreseeable at least 7 days in advance of such 
                period, be provided at least 7 days in advance of such 
                period; and
                    (C) otherwise, be provided as soon as practicable 
                after the employee is aware of the need for such 
                period.
            (2) Certification in general.--
                    (A) Provision.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs 
                        (C) and (D), an employer may require that a 
                        request for paid sick time under this section 
                        for a purpose described in paragraph (1), (2), 
                        or (6) of subsection (b) be supported by a 
                        certification issued by the health care 
                        provider of the eligible employee or of an 
                        individual described in subsection (b)(6), as 
                        appropriate, if the period of such time covers 
                        more than 3 consecutive workdays.
                            (ii) Timeliness.--The employee shall 
                        provide a copy of such certification to the 
                        employer in a timely manner, not later than 30 
                        days after the first day of the period of time. 
                        The employer shall not delay the commencement 
                        of the period of time on the basis that the 
                        employer has not yet received the 
                        certification.
                    (B) Sufficient certification.--
                            (i) In general.--A certification provided 
                        under subparagraph (A) shall be sufficient if 
                        it states--
                                    (I) the date on which the period of 
                                time will be needed;
                                    (II) the probable duration of the 
                                period of time;
                                    (III) the appropriate medical facts 
                                within the knowledge of the health care 
                                provider regarding the condition 
                                involved, subject to clause (ii); and
                                    (IV)(aa) for purposes of paid sick 
                                time under subsection (b)(1), a 
                                statement that absence from work is 
                                medically necessary;
                                    (bb) for purposes of such time 
                                under subsection (b)(2), the dates on 
                                which testing for a medical diagnosis 
                                or care is expected to be given and the 
                                duration of such testing or care; and
                                    (cc) for purposes of such time 
                                under subsection (b)(6), in the case of 
                                time to care for someone who is not a 
                                child, a statement that care is needed 
                                for an individual described in such 
                                subsection, and an estimate of the 
                                amount of time that such care is needed 
                                for such individual.
                            (ii) Limitation.--In issuing a 
                        certification under subparagraph (A), a health 
                        care provider shall make reasonable efforts to 
                        limit the medical facts described in clause 
                        (i)(III) that are disclosed in the 
                        certification to the minimum necessary to 
                        establish a need for the employee to utilize 
                        paid sick time.
                    (C) Public health emergencies.--No certification or 
                other documentation may be required under this Act by 
                an employer during any public health emergency.
                    (D) Regulations.--Regulations prescribed under 
                section 12 shall specify the manner in which an 
                employee who does not have health insurance shall 
                provide a certification for purposes of this paragraph.
                    (E) Confidentiality and nondisclosure.--
                            (i) Protected health information.--Nothing 
                        in this Act shall be construed to require a 
                        health care provider to disclose information in 
                        violation of section 1177 of the Social 
                        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320d-6) or the 
                        regulations promulgated pursuant to section 
                        264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability and 
                        Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. 1320d-2 
                        note).
                            (ii) Health information records.--If an 
                        employer possesses health information about an 
                        employee or an employee's child, parent, 
                        spouse, domestic partner, or an individual 
                        related to the employee as described in 
                        subsection (b)(6), such information shall--
                                    (I) be maintained on a separate 
                                form and in a separate file from other 
                                personnel information;
                                    (II) be treated as a confidential 
                                medical record; and
                                    (III) not be disclosed except to 
                                the affected employee or with the 
                                permission of the affected employee.
            (3) Certification in the case of domestic violence, sexual 
        assault, or stalking.--
                    (A) In general.--An employer may require that a 
                request for paid sick time under this section for a 
                purpose described in subsection (b)(7) be supported by 
                any one of the following forms of documentation, but 
                the employer may not specify the particular form of 
                documentation to be provided:
                            (i) A police report indicating that the 
                        employee, or a member of the employee's family 
                        described in subsection (b)(7), was a victim of 
                        domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking.
                            (ii) A court order protecting or separating 
                        the employee or a member of the employee's 
                        family described in subsection (b)(7) from the 
                        perpetrator of an act of domestic violence, 
                        sexual assault, or stalking, or other evidence 
                        from the court or prosecuting attorney that the 
                        employee or a member of the employee's family 
                        described in subsection (b)(7) has appeared in 
                        court or is scheduled to appear in court in a 
                        proceeding related to domestic violence, sexual 
                        assault, or stalking.
                            (iii) Other documentation signed by an 
                        employee or volunteer working for a victim 
                        services organization, an attorney, a police 
                        officer, a medical professional, a social 
                        worker, an antiviolence counselor, or a member 
                        of the clergy, affirming that the employee or a 
                        member of the employee's family described in 
                        subsection (b)(7) is a victim of domestic 
                        violence, sexual assault, or stalking.
                    (B) Requirements.--The requirements of paragraph 
                (2) shall apply to certifications under this paragraph, 
                except that--
                            (i) subclauses (III) and (IV) of 
                        subparagraph (B)(i) and subparagraph (B)(ii) of 
                        such paragraph shall not apply;
                            (ii) the certification shall state the 
                        reason that the leave is required with the 
                        facts to be disclosed limited to the minimum 
                        necessary to establish a need for the employee 
                        to be absent from work, and the employee shall 
                        not be required to explain the details of the 
                        domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking 
                        involved; and
                            (iii) with respect to confidentiality under 
                        subparagraph (E) of such paragraph, any 
                        information provided to the employer under this 
                        paragraph shall be confidential, except to the 
                        extent that any disclosure of such information 
                        is--
                                    (I) requested or consented to in 
                                writing by the employee; or
                                    (II) otherwise required by 
                                applicable Federal or State law.

SEC. 4. NOTICE REQUIREMENT.

    (a) In General.--Each employer shall notify each employee and 
include in any employee handbook the information described in 
paragraphs (1) through (4). Each employer shall post and keep posted a 
notice, to be prepared or approved in accordance with procedures 
specified in regulations prescribed under section 12, setting forth 
excerpts from, or summaries of, the pertinent provisions of this Act 
including--
            (1) information describing paid sick time available to 
        employees under this Act;
            (2) information pertaining to the filing of an action under 
        this Act;
            (3) the details of the notice requirement for a foreseeable 
        period of time under section 5(e)(1)(B); and
            (4) information that describes--
                    (A) the protections that an employee has in 
                exercising rights under this Act; and
                    (B) how the employee can contact the Secretary (or 
                other appropriate authority as described in section 6) 
                if any of the rights are violated.
    (b) Location.--The notice described under subsection (a) shall be 
posted--
            (1) in conspicuous places on the premises of the employer, 
        where notices to employees (including applicants) are 
        customarily posted; or
            (2) in employee handbooks.
    (c) Violation; Penalty.--Any employer who willfully violates the 
posting requirements of this section shall be subject to a civil fine 
in an amount not to exceed $100 for each separate offense.

SEC. 5. PROHIBITED ACTS.

    (a) Interference With Rights.--
            (1) Exercise of rights.--It shall be unlawful for any 
        employer to interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise of, 
        or the attempt to exercise, any right provided under this Act, 
        including--
                    (A) discharging or discriminating against 
                (including retaliating against) any individual, 
                including a job applicant, for exercising, or 
                attempting to exercise, any right provided under this 
                Act;
                    (B) using the taking of paid sick time under this 
                Act as a negative factor in an employment action, such 
                as hiring, promotion, reducing hours or number of 
                shifts, or a disciplinary action; or
                    (C) counting the paid sick time under a no-fault 
                attendance policy or any other absence control policy.
            (2) Discrimination.--It shall be unlawful for any employer 
        to discharge or in any other manner discriminate against 
        (including retaliating against) any individual, including a job 
        applicant, for opposing any practice made unlawful by this Act.
    (b) Interference With Proceedings or Inquiries.--It shall be 
unlawful for any person to discharge or in any other manner 
discriminate against (including retaliating against) any individual, 
including a job applicant, because such individual--
            (1) has filed an action, or has instituted or caused to be 
        instituted any proceeding, under or related to this Act;
            (2) has given, or is about to give, any information in 
        connection with any inquiry or proceeding relating to any right 
        provided under this Act; or
            (3) has testified, or is about to testify, in any inquiry 
        or proceeding relating to any right provided under this Act.
    (c) Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
state or imply that the scope of the activities prohibited by section 
105 of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2615) is 
less than the scope of the activities prohibited by this section.

SEC. 6. ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Definition.--In this subsection--
                    (A) the term ``employee'' means an employee 
                described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 2(4); 
                and
                    (B) the term ``employer'' means an employer 
                described in subclause (I) or (II) of section 
                2(5)(A)(i).
            (2) Investigative authority.--
                    (A) In general.--To ensure compliance with the 
                provisions of this Act, or any regulation or order 
                issued under this Act, the Secretary shall have, 
                subject to subparagraph (C), the investigative 
                authority provided under section 11(a) of the Fair 
                Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 211(a)), with 
                respect to employers, employees, and other individuals 
                affected.
                    (B) Obligation to keep and preserve records.--An 
                employer shall make, keep, and preserve records 
                pertaining to compliance with this Act in accordance 
                with section 11(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
                1938 (29 U.S.C. 211(c)) and in accordance with 
                regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
                    (C) Required submissions generally limited to an 
                annual basis.--The Secretary shall not require, under 
                the authority of this paragraph, an employer to submit 
                to the Secretary any books or records more than once 
                during any 12-month period, unless the Secretary has 
                reasonable cause to believe there may exist a violation 
                of this Act or any regulation or order issued pursuant 
                to this Act, or is investigating a charge pursuant to 
                paragraph (4).
                    (D) Subpoena authority.--For the purposes of any 
                investigation provided for in this paragraph, the 
                Secretary shall have the subpoena authority provided 
                for under section 9 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
                1938 (29 U.S.C. 209).
            (3) Civil action by employees or individuals.--
                    (A) Right of action.--An action to recover the 
                damages or equitable relief prescribed in subparagraph 
                (B) may be maintained against any employer in any 
                Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction by one 
                or more employees or individuals or their 
                representative for and on behalf of--
                            (i) the employees or individuals; or
                            (ii) the employees or individuals and 
                        others similarly situated.
                    (B) Liability.--Any employer who violates section 5 
                (including a violation relating to rights provided 
                under section 3) shall be liable to any employee or 
                individual affected--
                            (i) for damages equal to--
                                    (I) the amount of--
                                            (aa) any wages, salary, 
                                        employment benefits, or other 
                                        compensation denied or lost by 
                                        reason of the violation; or
                                            (bb) in a case in which 
                                        wages, salary, employment 
                                        benefits, or other compensation 
                                        have not been denied or lost, 
                                        any actual monetary losses 
                                        sustained as a direct result of 
                                        the violation up to a sum equal 
                                        to 56 hours of wages or salary 
                                        for the employee or individual, 
                                        or the specified period 
                                        described in section 3(c)(3), 
                                        or a combination of those hours 
                                        and that period, as the case 
                                        may be;
                                    (II) the interest on the amount 
                                described in subclause (I) calculated 
                                at the prevailing rate; and
                                    (III) an additional amount as 
                                liquidated damages; and
                            (ii) for such equitable relief as may be 
                        appropriate, including employment, 
                        reinstatement, and promotion.
                    (C) Fees and costs.--The court in an action under 
                this paragraph shall, in addition to any judgment 
                awarded to the plaintiff, allow a reasonable attorney's 
                fee, reasonable expert witness fees, and other costs of 
                the action to be paid by the defendant.
            (4) Action by the secretary.--
                    (A) Administrative action.--The Secretary shall 
                receive, investigate, and attempt to resolve complaints 
                of violations of section 5 (including a violation 
                relating to rights provided under section 3) in the 
                same manner that the Secretary receives, investigates, 
                and attempts to resolve complaints of violations of 
                sections 6 and 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
                1938 (29 U.S.C. 206 and 207).
                    (B) Civil action.--The Secretary may bring an 
                action in any court of competent jurisdiction to 
                recover the damages described in paragraph (3)(B)(i).
                    (C) Sums recovered.--Any sums recovered by the 
                Secretary pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be held in 
                a special deposit account and shall be paid, on order 
                of the Secretary, directly to each employee or 
                individual affected. Any such sums not paid to an 
                employee or individual affected because of inability to 
                do so within a period of 3 years shall be deposited 
                into the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous 
                receipts.
            (5) Limitation.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), an action may be brought under paragraph (3), (4), 
                or (6) not later than 2 years after the date of the 
                last event constituting the alleged violation for which 
                the action is brought.
                    (B) Willful violation.--In the case of an action 
                brought for a willful violation of section 5 (including 
                a willful violation relating to rights provided under 
                section 3), such action may be brought within 3 years 
                of the date of the last event constituting the alleged 
                violation for which such action is brought.
                    (C) Commencement.--In determining when an action is 
                commenced under paragraph (3), (4), or (6) for the 
                purposes of this paragraph, it shall be considered to 
                be commenced on the date when the complaint is filed.
            (6) Action for injunction by secretary.--The district 
        courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction, for cause 
        shown, in an action brought by the Secretary--
                    (A) to restrain violations of section 5 (including 
                a violation relating to rights provided under section 
                3), including the restraint of any withholding of 
                payment of wages, salary, employment benefits, or other 
                compensation, plus interest, found by the court to be 
                due to employees or individuals eligible under this 
                Act; or
                    (B) to award such other equitable relief as may be 
                appropriate, including employment, reinstatement, and 
                promotion.
            (7) Solicitor of labor.--The Solicitor of Labor may appear 
        for and represent the Secretary on any litigation brought under 
        paragraph (4) or (6).
            (8) Government accountability office and library of 
        congress.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
        subsection, in the case of the Government Accountability Office 
        and the Library of Congress, the authority of the Secretary of 
        Labor under this subsection shall be exercised respectively by 
        the Comptroller General of the United States and the Librarian 
        of Congress.
    (b) Employees Covered by Congressional Accountability Act of 
1995.--The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in the 
Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.) to the 
Board (as defined in section 101 of that Act (2 U.S.C. 1301)), or any 
person, alleging a violation of subsection (a)(1) of section 202 of 
that Act (2 U.S.C. 1312) shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures 
this Act provides to that Board, or any person, alleging an unlawful 
employment practice in violation of this Act against an employee 
described in section 2(4)(C).
    (c) Employees Covered by Chapter 5 of Title 3, United States 
Code.--The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in chapter 5 of 
title 3, United States Code, to the President, the Merit Systems 
Protection Board, or any person, alleging a violation of section 
412(a)(1) of that title, shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures 
this Act provides to the President, that Board, or any person, 
respectively, alleging an unlawful employment practice in violation of 
this Act against an employee described in section 2(4)(D).
    (d) Employees Covered by Chapter 63 of Title 5, United States 
Code.--The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in title 5, United 
States Code, to an employing agency, provided in chapter 12 of that 
title to the Merit Systems Protection Board, or provided in that title 
to any person, alleging a violation of chapter 63 of that title shall 
be the powers, remedies, and procedures this Act provides to that 
agency, that Board, or any person, respectively, alleging an unlawful 
employment practice in violation of this Act against an employee 
described in section 2(4)(E).
    (e) Remedies for State Employees.--
            (1) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--A State's receipt or use 
        of Federal financial assistance for any program or activity of 
        a State shall constitute a waiver of sovereign immunity, under 
        the 11th Amendment to the Constitution or otherwise, to a suit 
        brought by an employee of that program or activity under this 
        Act for equitable, legal, or other relief authorized under this 
        Act.
            (2) Official capacity.--An official of a State may be sued 
        in the official capacity of the official by any employee who 
        has complied with the procedures under subsection (a)(3), for 
        injunctive relief that is authorized under this Act. In such a 
        suit the court may award to the prevailing party those costs 
        authorized by section 722 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 
        1988).
            (3) Applicability.--With respect to a particular program or 
        activity, paragraph (1) applies to conduct occurring on or 
        after the day, after the date of enactment of this Act, on 
        which a State first receives or uses Federal financial 
        assistance for that program or activity.
            (4) Definition of program or activity.--In this subsection, 
        the term ``program or activity'' has the meaning given the term 
        in section 606 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 
        2000d-4a).

SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Labor 
such sums as may be necessary in order that the Secretary may conduct a 
public awareness campaign to educate and inform the public of the 
requirements for paid sick time required by this Act.

SEC. 8. COLLECTION OF DATA ON PAID SICK TIME AND FURTHER STUDY.

    (a) Compilation of Information.--The Commissioner of Labor 
Statistics shall annually compile information on the following:
            (1) The amount of paid sick time available to employees by 
        occupation and type of employment establishment.
            (2) An estimate of the average sick time used by employees 
        according to occupation and the type of employment 
        establishment.
    (b) GAO Study.--Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct 
a study to evaluate the implementation of this Act. Such study shall 
include an estimation of employees' access to paid sick time, 
employees' awareness of their rights under this Act, and employers' 
experiences complying with this Act. Such study shall take into account 
access, awareness and experiences of employees by race, ethnicity, 
gender, and occupation.
    (c) Report.--Upon completion of the study required by subsection 
(b), the Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare and 
submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress concerning 
the results of the study and the information compiled pursuant to 
subsection (a).

SEC. 9. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

    (a) Federal and State Antidiscrimination Laws.--Nothing in this Act 
shall be construed to modify or affect any Federal or State law 
prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, religion, color, 
national origin, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender 
identity, marital status, familial status, or any other protected 
status.
    (b) State and Local Laws.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed 
to supersede (including preempting) any provision of any State or local 
law that provides greater paid sick time or leave rights (including 
greater amounts of paid sick time or leave, or greater coverage of 
those eligible for paid sick time or leave) than the rights established 
under this Act.

SEC. 10. EFFECT ON EXISTING EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS.

    (a) More Protective.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to 
diminish the obligation of an employer to comply with any contract, 
collective bargaining agreement, or any employment benefit program or 
plan that provides greater paid sick leave or other leave rights to 
employees or individuals than the rights established under this Act.
    (b) Less Protective.--The rights established for employees under 
this Act shall not be diminished by any contract, collective bargaining 
agreement, or any employment benefit program or plan.

SEC. 11. ENCOURAGEMENT OF MORE GENEROUS LEAVE POLICIES.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to discourage employers from 
adopting or retaining leave policies more generous than policies that 
comply with the requirements of this Act.

SEC. 12. REGULATIONS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Authority.--Except as provided in paragraph (2) and 
        subject to subsection (e), not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall prescribe 
        such regulations as are necessary to carry out this Act with 
        respect to employees described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of 
        section 2(4) and other individuals affected by employers 
        described in subclause (I) or (II) of section 2(5)(A)(i).
            (2) Government accountability office; library of 
        congress.--Subject to subsection (e), the Comptroller General 
        of the United States and the Librarian of Congress shall 
        prescribe the regulations with respect to employees of the 
        Government Accountability Office and the Library of Congress, 
        respectively, and other individuals affected by the Comptroller 
        General of the United States and the Librarian of Congress, 
        respectively.
    (b) Employees Covered by Congressional Accountability Act of 
1995.--
            (1) Authority.--Subject to subsection (e), not later than 
        90 days after the Secretary prescribes regulations under 
        subsection (a), the Board of Directors of the Office of 
        Compliance shall prescribe (in accordance with section 304 of 
        the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1384)) 
        such regulations as are necessary to carry out this Act with 
        respect to employees described in section 2(4)(C) and other 
        individuals affected by employers described in section 
        2(5)(A)(i)(III).
            (2) Agency regulations.--The regulations prescribed under 
        paragraph (1) shall be the same as substantive regulations 
        promulgated by the Secretary to carry out this Act except 
        insofar as the Board may determine, for good cause shown and 
        stated together with the regulations prescribed under paragraph 
        (1), that a modification of such regulations would be more 
        effective for the implementation of the rights and protections 
        involved under this section.
    (c) Employees Covered by Chapter 5 of Title 3, United States 
Code.--
            (1) Authority.--Subject to subsection (e), not later than 
        90 days after the Secretary prescribes regulations under 
        subsection (a), the President (or the designee of the 
        President) shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to 
        carry out this Act with respect to employees described in 
        section 2(4)(D) and other individuals affected by employers 
        described in section 2(5)(A)(i)(IV).
            (2) Agency regulations.--The regulations prescribed under 
        paragraph (1) shall be the same as substantive regulations 
        promulgated by the Secretary to carry out this Act except 
        insofar as the President (or designee) may determine, for good 
        cause shown and stated together with the regulations prescribed 
        under paragraph (1), that a modification of such regulations 
        would be more effective for the implementation of the rights 
        and protections involved under this section.
    (d) Employees Covered by Chapter 63 of Title 5, United States 
Code.--
            (1) Authority.--Subject to subsection (e), not later than 
        90 days after the Secretary prescribes regulations under 
        subsection (a), the Director of the Office of Personnel 
        Management shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to 
        carry out this Act with respect to employees described in 
        section 2(4)(E) and other individuals affected by employers 
        described in section 2(5)(A)(i)(V).
            (2) Agency regulations.--The regulations prescribed under 
        paragraph (1) shall be the same as substantive regulations 
        promulgated by the Secretary to carry out this Act except 
        insofar as the Director may determine, for good cause shown and 
        stated together with the regulations prescribed under paragraph 
        (1), that a modification of such regulations would be more 
        effective for the implementation of the rights and protections 
        involved under this section.
    (e) Immediate Compliance.--The rights and responsibilities 
specified in this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of 
this Act and employers and other persons subject to those 
responsibilities shall comply immediately, without regard whether 
regulations have been prescribed under this section.

SEC. 13. EFFECTIVE DATES.

    (a) In General.--This Act takes effect on the date of enactment of 
this Act.
    (b) Previous Declarations.--If a public health emergency was 
declared before and remains in effect on the date of enactment of this 
Act, for purposes of this Act (and in particular section 3(c) of this 
Act) the public health emergency shall be considered to have been 
declared on the date of enactment of this Act.
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