[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2800 Engrossed in Senate (ES)]

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116th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2800

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT


 
      To authorize programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2020''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
                TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 101. Authorization of appropriations.
              TITLE II--HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION

Sec. 201. Advanced cislunar and lunar surface capabilities.
Sec. 202. Space launch system configurations.
Sec. 203. Advanced spacesuits.
Sec. 204. Acquisition of domestic space transportation and logistics 
                            resupply services.
Sec. 205. Rocket engine test infrastructure.
Sec. 206. Indian River Bridge.
Sec. 207. Pearl River maintenance.
Sec. 208. Value of International Space Station and capabilities in low-
                            Earth orbit.
Sec. 209. Extension and modification relating to International Space 
                            Station.
Sec. 210. Department of Defense activities on International Space 
                            Station.
Sec. 211. Commercial development in low-Earth orbit.
Sec. 212. Maintaining a national laboratory in space.
Sec. 213. International Space Station national laboratory; property 
                            rights in inventions.
Sec. 214. Data first produced during non-NASA scientific use of the ISS 
                            national laboratory.
Sec. 215. Payments received for commercial space-enabled production on 
                            the ISS.
Sec. 216. Stepping stone approach to exploration.
Sec. 217. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions.
                           TITLE III--SCIENCE

Sec. 301. Science priorities.
Sec. 302. Lunar discovery program.
Sec. 303. Search for life.
Sec. 304. James Webb Space Telescope.
Sec. 305. Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope.
Sec. 306. Study on satellite servicing for science missions.
Sec. 307. Earth science missions and programs.
Sec. 308. Life science and physical science research.
Sec. 309. Science missions to Mars.
Sec. 310. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.
Sec. 311. Suborbital science flights.
Sec. 312. Earth science data and observations.
Sec. 313. Sense of Congress on small satellite science.
Sec. 314. Sense of Congress on commercial space services.
Sec. 315. Procedures for identifying and addressing alleged violations 
                            of scientific integrity policy.
                         TITLE IV--AERONAUTICS

Sec. 401. Short title.
Sec. 402. Definitions.
Sec. 403. Experimental aircraft projects.
Sec. 404. Unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 405. 21st Century Aeronautics Capabilities Initiative.
Sec. 406. Sense of Congress on on-demand air transportation.
Sec. 407. Sense of Congress on hypersonic technology research.
                       TITLE V--SPACE TECHNOLOGY

Sec. 501. Space Technology Mission Directorate.
Sec. 502. Flight opportunities program.
Sec. 503. Small Spacecraft Technology Program.
Sec. 504. Nuclear propulsion technology.
Sec. 505. Mars-forward technologies.
Sec. 506. Prioritization of low-enriched uranium technology.
Sec. 507. Sense of Congress on next-generation communications 
                            technology.
Sec. 508. Lunar surface technologies.
                       TITLE VI--STEM ENGAGEMENT

Sec. 601. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 602. STEM education engagement activities.
Sec. 603. Skilled technical education outreach program.
Sec. 604. National space grant college and fellowship program.
                TITLE VII--WORKFORCE AND INDUSTRIAL BASE

Sec. 701. Appointment and compensation pilot program.
Sec. 702. Establishment of multi-institution consortia.
Sec. 703. Expedited access to technical talent and expertise.
Sec. 704. Report on industrial base for civil space missions and 
                            operations.
Sec. 705. Separations and retirement incentives.
Sec. 706. Confidentiality of medical quality assurance records.
                  TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 801. Contracting authority.
Sec. 802. Authority for transaction prototype projects and follow-on 
                            production contracts.
Sec. 803. Protection of data and information from public disclosure.
Sec. 804. Physical security modernization.
Sec. 805. Lease of non-excess property.
Sec. 806. Cybersecurity.
Sec. 807. Limitation on cooperation with the People's Republic of 
                            China.
Sec. 808. Consideration of issues related to contracting with entities 
                            receiving assistance from or affiliated 
                            with the People's Republic of China.
Sec. 809. Small satellite launch services program.
Sec. 810. 21st century space launch infrastructure.
Sec. 811. Missions of national need.
Sec. 812. Drinking water well replacement for Chincoteague, Virginia.
Sec. 813. Passenger carrier use.
Sec. 814. Use of commercial near-space balloons.
Sec. 815. President's Space Advisory Board.
Sec. 816. Initiative on technologies for noise and emissions 
                            reductions.
Sec. 817. Remediation of sites contaminated with trichloroethylene.
Sec. 818. Report on merits and options for establishing an institute 
                            relating to space resources.
Sec. 819. Report on establishing center of excellence for space weather 
                            technology.
Sec. 820. Review on preference for domestic suppliers.
Sec. 821. Report on utilization of commercial spaceports licensed by 
                            Federal Aviation Administration.
Sec. 822. Active orbital debris mitigation.
Sec. 823. Study on commercial communications services.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
            (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.
            (3) Appropriate committees of congress.--Except as 
        otherwise expressly provided, the term ``appropriate committees 
        of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (4) Cislunar space.--The term ``cislunar space'' means the 
        region of space beyond low-Earth orbit out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.
            (5) Deep space.--The term ``deep space'' means the region 
        of space beyond low-Earth orbit, including cislunar space.
            (6) Development cost.--The term ``development cost'' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 30104 of title 51, United 
        States Code.
            (7) ISS.--The term ``ISS'' means the International Space 
        Station.
            (8) ISS management entity.--The term ``ISS management 
        entity'' means the organization with which the Administrator 
        has entered into a cooperative agreement under section 504(a) 
        of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)).
            (9) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration.
            (10) Orion.--The term ``Orion'' means the multipurpose crew 
        vehicle described in section 303 of the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
        18323).
            (11) OSTP.--The term ``OSTP'' means the Office of Science 
        and Technology Policy.
            (12) Space launch system.--The term ``Space Launch System'' 
        means the Space Launch System authorized under section 302 of 
        the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 2010 
        (42 U.S.C. 18322).

                TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administration for 
fiscal year 2021 $23,495,000,000 as follows:
            (1) For Exploration, $6,706,400,000.
            (2) For Space Operations, $3,988,200,000.
            (3) For Science, $7,274,700,000.
            (4) For Aeronautics, $828,700,000.
            (5) For Space Technology, $1,206,000,000.
            (6) For Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics 
        Engagement, $120,000,000.
            (7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 
        $2,936,500,000.
            (8) For Construction and Environmental Compliance and 
        Restoration, $390,300,000.
            (9) For Inspector General, $44,200,000.

              TITLE II--HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION

SEC. 201. ADVANCED CISLUNAR AND LUNAR SURFACE CAPABILITIES.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) commercial entities in the United States have made 
        significant investment and progress toward the development of 
        human-class lunar landers;
            (2) NASA developed the Artemis program--
                    (A) to fulfill the goal of landing United States 
                astronauts, including the first woman and the next man, 
                on the Moon; and
                    (B) to collaborate with commercial and 
                international partners to establish sustainable lunar 
                exploration by 2028; and
            (3) in carrying out the Artemis program, the Administration 
        should ensure that the entire Artemis program is inclusive and 
        representative of all people of the United States, including 
        women and minorities.
    (b) Lander Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall foster the flight 
        demonstration of not more than 2 human-class lunar lander 
        designs through public-private partnerships.
            (2) Initial development phase.--The Administrator may 
        support the formulation of more than 2 concepts in the initial 
        development phase.
    (c) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(b), the Administrator shall--
            (1) enter into industry-led partnerships using a fixed-
        price, milestone-based approach;
            (2) to the maximum extent practicable, encourage 
        reusability and sustainability of systems developed;
            (3) prioritize safety and implement robust ground and in-
        space test requirements;
            (4) ensure availability of 1 or more lunar polar science 
        payloads for a demonstration mission; and
            (5) to the maximum extent practicable, offer existing 
        capabilities and assets of NASA centers to support these 
        partnerships.

SEC. 202. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS.

    (a) Mobile Launch Platform.--The Administrator is authorized to 
maintain 2 operational mobile launch platforms to enable the launch of 
multiple configurations of the Space Launch System.
    (b) Exploration Upper Stage.--To meet the capability requirements 
under section 302(c)(2) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)(2)), the 
Administrator shall continue development of the Exploration Upper Stage 
for the Space Launch System with a scheduled availability sufficient 
for use on the third launch of the Space Launch System.
    (c) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate 
committees of Congress on the development and scheduled availability of 
the Exploration Upper Stage for the third launch of the Space Launch 
System.
    (d) Main Propulsion Test Article.--To meet the requirements under 
section 302(c)(3) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)(3)), the Administrator 
shall--
            (1) immediately on completion of the first full-duration 
        integrated core stage test of the Space Launch System, initiate 
        development of a main propulsion test article for the 
        integrated core stage propulsion elements of the Space Launch 
        System, consistent with cost and schedule constraints, 
        particularly for long-lead propulsion hardware needed for 
        flight;
            (2) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        detailed plan for the development and operation of such main 
        propulsion test article; and
            (3) use existing capabilities of NASA centers for the 
        design, manufacture, and operation of the main propulsion test 
        article.

SEC. 203. ADVANCED SPACESUITS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that next-
generation advanced spacesuits are a critical technology for human 
space exploration and use of low-Earth orbit, cislunar space, the 
surface of the Moon, and Mars.
    (b) Development Plan.--The Administrator shall establish a detailed 
plan for the development and manufacture of advanced spacesuits, 
consistent with the deep space exploration goals and timetables of 
NASA.
    (c) Diverse Astronaut Corps.--The Administrator shall ensure that 
spacesuits developed and manufactured after the date of the enactment 
of this Act are capable of accommodating a wide range of sizes of 
astronauts so as to meet the needs of the diverse NASA astronaut corps.
    (d) ISS Use.--Throughout the operational life of the ISS, the 
Administrator should fully use the ISS for testing advanced spacesuits.
    (e) Prior Investments.--
            (1) In general.--In developing an advanced spacesuit, the 
        Administrator shall, to the maximum extent practicable, partner 
        with industry-proven spacesuit design, development, and 
        manufacturing suppliers and leverage prior and existing 
        investments in advanced spacesuit technologies and existing 
        capabilities at NASA centers to maximize the benefits of such 
        investments and technologies.
            (2) Agreements with private entities.--In carrying out this 
        subsection, the Administrator may enter into 1 or more 
        agreements with 1 or more private entities for the manufacture 
        of advanced spacesuits, as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate.
    (f) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and semiannually thereafter until NASA procures 
advanced spacesuits under this section, the Administrator shall brief 
the appropriate committees of Congress on the development plan in 
subsection (b).

SEC. 204. ACQUISITION OF DOMESTIC SPACE TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS 
              RESUPPLY SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the 
Administrator shall not enter into any contract with a person or entity 
that proposes to use, or will use, a foreign launch provider for a 
commercial service to provide space transportation or logistics 
resupply for--
            (1) the ISS; or
            (2) any Government-owned or Government-funded platform in 
        Earth orbit or cislunar space, on the lunar surface, or 
        elsewhere in space.
    (b) Exception.--The Administrator may enter into a contract with a 
person or an entity that proposes to use, or will use, a foreign launch 
provider for a commercial service to carry out an activity described in 
subsection (a) if--
            (1) a domestic vehicle or service is unavailable; or
            (2) the launch vehicle or service is a contribution by a 
        partner to an international no-exchange-of-funds collaborative 
        effort.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to prohibit the Administrator from entering into 1 or more 
no-exchange-of-funds collaborative agreements with an international 
partner in support of the deep space exploration plan of NASA.

SEC. 205. ROCKET ENGINE TEST INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to carry out a 
program to modernize rocket propulsion test infrastructure at NASA 
facilities--
            (1) to increase capabilities;
            (2) to enhance safety;
            (3) to support propulsion development and testing; and
            (4) to foster the improvement of Government and commercial 
        space transportation and exploration.
    (b) Projects.--Projects funded under the program described in 
subsection (a) may include--
            (1) infrastructure and other facilities and systems 
        relating to rocket propulsion test stands and rocket propulsion 
        testing;
            (2) enhancements to test facility capacity and flexibility; 
        and
            (3) such other projects as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate to meet the goals described in that subsection.
    (c) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) prioritize investments in projects that enhance test 
        and flight certification capabilities for large thrust-level 
        atmospheric and altitude engines and engine systems, and multi-
        engine integrated test capabilities;
            (2) continue to make underutilized test facilities 
        available for commercial use on a reimbursable basis; and
            (3) ensure that no project carried out under this program 
        adversely impacts, delays, or defers testing or other 
        activities associated with facilities used for Government 
        programs, including--
                    (A) the Space Launch System and the Exploration 
                Upper Stage of the Space Launch System;
                    (B) in-space propulsion to support exploration 
                missions; or
                    (C) nuclear propulsion testing.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall preclude a 
NASA program, including the Space Launch System and the Exploration 
Upper Stage of the Space Launch System, from using the modernized test 
infrastructure developed under this section.
    (e) Working Capital Fund Study.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the use of 
        the authority under section 30102 of title 51, United States 
        Code, to promote increased use of NASA rocket propulsion test 
        infrastructure for research, development, testing, and 
        evaluation activities by other Federal agencies, firms, 
        associations, corporations, and educational institutions.
            (2) Matters to be included.--The report required by 
        paragraph (1) shall include the following:
                    (A) An assessment of prior use, if any, of the 
                authority under section 30102 of title 51, United 
                States Code, to improve testing infrastructure.
                    (B) An analysis of any barrier to implementation of 
                such authority for the purpose of promoting increased 
                use of NASA rocket propulsion test infrastructure.

SEC. 206. INDIAN RIVER BRIDGE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator, in coordination with the heads 
of other Federal agencies that use the Indian River Bridge on the NASA 
Causeway, shall develop a plan to ensure that a bridge over the Indian 
River at such location provides access to the Eastern Range for 
national security, civil, and commercial space operations.
    (b) Fee or Toll Discouraged.--The plan shall strongly discourage 
the imposition of a user fee or toll on a bridge over the Indian River 
at such location.

SEC. 207. PEARL RIVER MAINTENANCE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall coordinate with the Chief 
of the Army Corps of Engineers to ensure the continued navigability of 
the Pearl River and Little Lake channels sufficient to support NASA 
barge operations surrounding Stennis Space Center and the Michoud 
Assembly Facility.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on efforts under subsection 
(a).
    (c) Appropriate Committees of Congress.--In this section, the term 
``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
        the Committee on Environment and Public Works, and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 208. VALUE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND CAPABILITIES IN LOW-
              EARTH ORBIT.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) it is in the national and economic security interests 
        of the United States to maintain a continuous human presence in 
        low-Earth orbit;
            (2) low-Earth orbit should be used as a test bed to advance 
        human space exploration and scientific discoveries; and
            (3) the ISS is a critical component of economic, 
        commercial, and industrial development in low-Earth orbit.
    (b) Human Presence Requirement.--The United States shall 
continuously maintain the capability for a continuous human presence in 
low-Earth orbit through and beyond the useful life of the ISS.

SEC. 209. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL SPACE 
              STATION.

    (a) Policy.--Section 501(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351(a)) is 
amended by striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''.
    (b) Maintenance of United States Segment and Assurance of Continued 
Operations.--Section 503(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353(a)) is 
amended by striking ``September 30, 2024'' and inserting ``September 
30, 2030''.
    (c) Research Capacity Allocation and Integration of Research 
Payloads.--Section 504(d) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(d)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``As soon as practicable'' and all 
                that follows through ``2011,'' and inserting ``The''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``September 30, 2024'' and 
                inserting ``September 30, 2030''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), in the third sentence, by striking 
        ``September 30, 2024'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''.
    (d) Maintenance of Use.--
            (1) In general.--Section 70907 of title 51, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``2024'' 
                and inserting ``2030'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``September 30, 
                2024'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''; and
                    (C) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``September 
                30, 2024'' and inserting ``September 30, 2030''.
    (e) Transition Plan Reports.--Section 50111(c)(2) of title 51, 
United States Code is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2028''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``2028'' and inserting 
        ``2030''.
    (f) Elimination of International Space Station National Laboratory 
Advisory Committee.--Section 70906 of title 51, United States Code, is 
repealed.
    (g) Conforming Amendments.--Chapter 709 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 70907 as section 70906; and
            (2) in the table of sections for the chapter, by striking 
        the items relating to sections 70906 and 70907 and inserting 
        the following:

``70906. Maintaining use through at least 2030.''.

SEC. 210. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ACTIVITIES ON INTERNATIONAL SPACE 
              STATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall--
            (1) identify and review each activity, program, and project 
        of the Department of Defense completed, being carried out, or 
        planned to be carried out on the ISS as of the date of the 
        review; and
            (2) provide to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        briefing that describes the results of the review.
    (b) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
        Appropriations, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
        Appropriations, and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 211. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to 
encourage the development of a thriving and robust United States 
commercial sector in low-Earth orbit.
    (b) Preference for United States Commercial Products and 
Services.--The Administrator shall continue to increase the use of 
assets, products, and services of private entities in the United States 
to fulfill the low-Earth orbit requirements of the Administration.
    (c) Noncompetition.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        Administrator may not offer to a foreign person or a foreign 
        government a spaceflight product or service relating to the 
        ISS, if a comparable spaceflight product or service, as 
        applicable, is offered by a private entity in the United 
        States.
            (2) Exception.--The Administrator may offer a spaceflight 
        product or service relating to the ISS to the government of a 
        country that is a signatory to the Agreement Among the 
        Government of Canada, Governments of Member States of the 
        European Space Agency, the Government of Japan, the Government 
        of the Russian Federation, and the Government of the United 
        States of America Concerning Cooperation on the Civil 
        International Space Station, signed at Washington January 29, 
        1998, and entered into force on March 27, 2001 (TIAS 12927), 
        including an international partner astronaut (as defined in 
        section 50902 of title 51, United States Code) that is 
        sponsored by the government of such a country.
    (d) Short-duration Commercial Missions.--To provide opportunities 
for additional transport of astronauts to the ISS and help establish a 
commercial market in low-Earth orbit, the Administrator may permit 
short-duration missions to the ISS for commercial passengers on a fully 
or partially reimbursable basis.
    (e) Program Authorization.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        low-Earth orbit commercial development program to encourage the 
        fullest commercial use and development of space by private 
        entities in the United States.
            (2) Elements.--The program established under paragraph (1) 
        shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include activities--
                    (A) to stimulate demand for--
                            (i) space-based commercial research, 
                        development, and manufacturing;
                            (ii) spaceflight products and services; and
                            (iii) human spaceflight products and 
                        services in low-Earth orbit;
                    (B) to improve the capability of the ISS to 
                accommodate commercial users; and
                    (C) subject to paragraph (3), to foster the 
                development of commercial space stations and habitats.
            (3) Commercial space stations and habitats.--
                    (A) Priority.--With respect to an activity to 
                develop a commercial space station or habitat, the 
                Administrator shall give priority to an activity for 
                which a private entity provides a significant share of 
                the cost to develop and operate the activity.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
                that an award or agreement is made to carry out an 
                activity to develop a commercial space station or 
                habitat, the Administrator shall submit to the 
                appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
                development of the commercial space station or habitat, 
                as applicable, that includes--
                            (i) a business plan that describes the 
                        manner in which the project will--
                                    (I) meet the future requirements of 
                                NASA for low-Earth orbit human space-
                                flight services; and
                                    (II) fulfill the cost-share funding 
                                prioritization under subparagraph (A); 
                                and
                            (ii) a review of the viability of the 
                        operational business case, including--
                                    (I) the level of expected 
                                Government participation;
                                    (II) a list of anticipated 
                                nongovernmental an international 
                                customers and associated contributions; 
                                and
                                    (III) an assessment of long-term 
                                sustainability for the nongovernmental 
                                customers, including an independent 
                                assessment of the viability of the 
                                market for such commercial services or 
                                products.

SEC. 212. MAINTAINING A NATIONAL LABORATORY IN SPACE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States segment of the International Space 
        Station (as defined in section 70905 of title 51, United States 
        Code), which is designated as a national laboratory under 
        section 70905(b) of title 51, United States Code--
                    (A) benefits the scientific community and promotes 
                commerce in space;
                    (B) fosters stronger relationships among NASA and 
                other Federal agencies, the private sector, and 
                research groups and universities;
                    (C) advances science, technology, engineering, and 
                mathematics education through use of the unique 
                microgravity environment; and
                    (D) advances human knowledge and international 
                cooperation;
            (2) after the ISS is decommissioned, the United States 
        should maintain a national microgravity laboratory in space;
            (3) in maintaining a national microgravity laboratory in 
        space, the United States should make appropriate accommodations 
        for different types of ownership and operation arrangements for 
        the ISS and future space stations;
            (4) to the maximum extent practicable, a national 
        microgravity laboratory in space should be maintained in 
        cooperation with international space partners; and
            (5) NASA should continue to support fundamental science 
        research on future platforms in low-Earth orbit and cislunar 
        space, orbital and suborbital flights, drop towers, and other 
        microgravity testing environments.
    (b) Report.--The Administrator, in coordination with the National 
Space Council and other Federal agencies as the Administrator considers 
appropriate, shall issue a report detailing the feasibility of 
establishing a microgravity national laboratory federally funded 
research and development center to carry out activities relating to the 
study and use of in-space conditions.

SEC. 213. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION NATIONAL LABORATORY; PROPERTY 
              RIGHTS IN INVENTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 20150. Property rights in designated inventions
    ``(a) Exclusive Property Rights.--Notwithstanding section 3710a of 
title 15, chapter 18 of title 35, section 20135, or any other provision 
of law, a designated invention shall be the exclusive property of a 
user, and shall not be subject to a Government-purpose license, if--
            ``(1)(A) the Administration is reimbursed under the terms 
        of the contract for the full cost of a contribution by the 
        Federal Government of the use of Federal facilities, equipment, 
        materials, proprietary information of the Federal Government, 
        or services of a Federal employee during working hours, 
        including the cost for the Administration to carry out its 
        responsibilities under paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 504(d) 
        of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(d));
            ``(B) Federal funds are not transferred to the user under 
        the contract; and
            ``(C) the designated invention was made (as defined in 
        section 20135(a))--
                    ``(i) solely by the user; or
                    ``(ii)(I) by the user with the services of a 
                Federal employee under the terms of the contract; and
                    ``(II) the Administration is reimbursed for such 
                services under subparagraph (B); or
            ``(2) the Administrator determines that the relevant field 
        of commercial endeavor is sufficiently immature that granting 
        exclusive property rights to the user is necessary to help 
        bolster demand for products and services produced on crewed or 
        crew-tended space stations.
    ``(b) Notification to Congress.--On completion of a determination 
made under paragraph (2), the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a notification of the determination 
that includes a written justification.
    ``(c) Public Availability.--A determination or part of such 
determination under paragraph (1) shall be made available to the public 
on request, as required under section 552 of title 5, United States 
Code (commonly referred to as the `Freedom of Information Act').
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to affect the rights of the Federal Government, including 
property rights in inventions, under any contract, except in the case 
of a written contract with the Administration or the ISS management 
entity for the performance of a designated activity.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section--
            ``(1) Contract.--The term `contract' has the meaning giving 
        the term in section 20135(a).
            ``(2) Designated activity.--The term `designated activity' 
        means any non-NASA scientific use of the ISS national 
        laboratory as described in section 504 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
        (42 U.S.C. 18354).
            ``(3) Designated invention.--The term `designated 
        invention' means any invention, product, or service conceived 
        or first reduced to practice by any person in the performance 
        of a designated activity under a written contract with the 
        Administration or the ISS management entity.
            ``(4) Full cost.--The term `full cost' means the cost of 
        transporting materials or passengers to and from the ISS, 
        including any power needs, the disposal of mass, crew member 
        time, stowage, power on the ISS, data downlink, crew 
        consumables, and life support.
            ``(5) Government-purpose license.--The term `Government-
        purpose license' means the reservation by the Federal 
        Government of an irrevocable, nonexclusive, nontransferable, 
        royalty-free license for the use of an invention throughout the 
        world by or on behalf of the United States or any foreign 
        government pursuant to a treaty or agreement with the United 
        States.
            ``(6) ISS management entity.--The term `ISS management 
        entity' means the organization with which the Administrator 
        enters into a cooperative agreement under section 504(a) of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)).
            ``(7) User.--The term `user' means a person, including a 
        nonprofit organization or small business firm (as such terms 
        are defined in section 201 of title 35), or class of persons 
        that enters into a written contract with the Administration or 
        the ISS management entity for the performance of designated 
        activities.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 201 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 20149 the following:

``20150. Property rights in designated inventions.''.

SEC. 214. DATA FIRST PRODUCED DURING NON-NASA SCIENTIFIC USE OF THE ISS 
              NATIONAL LABORATORY.

    (a) Data Rights.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 51, United 
States Code, as amended by section 213, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
``Sec. 20151. Data rights
    ``(a) Non-NASA Scientific Use of the ISS National Laboratory.--The 
Federal Government may not use or reproduce, or disclose outside of the 
Government, any data first produced in the performance of a designated 
activity under a written contract with the Administration or the ISS 
management entity, unless--
            ``(1) otherwise agreed under the terms of the contract with 
        the Administration or the ISS management entity, as applicable;
            ``(2) the designated activity is carried out with Federal 
        funds;
            ``(3) disclosure is required by law;
            ``(4) the Federal Government has rights in the data under 
        another Federal contract, grant, cooperative agreement, or 
        other transaction; or
            ``(5) the data is--
                    ``(A) otherwise lawfully acquired or independently 
                developed by the Federal Government;
                    ``(B) related to the health and safety of personnel 
                on the ISS; or
                    ``(C) essential to the performance of work by the 
                ISS management entity or NASA personnel.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Contract.--The term `contract' has the meaning given 
        the term under section 20135(a).
            ``(2) Data.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `data' means recorded 
                information, regardless of form or the media on which 
                it may be recorded.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The term `data' includes 
                technical data and computer software.
                    ``(C) Exclusions.--The term `data' does not include 
                information incidental to contract administration, such 
                as financial, administrative, cost or pricing, or 
                management information.
            ``(3) Designated activity.--The term `designated activity' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 20150.
            ``(4) ISS management entity.--The term `ISS management 
        entity' has the meaning given the term in section 20150.''.
    (b) Special Handling of Trade Secrets or Confidential 
Information.--Section 20131(b)(2) of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Information described.--
                    ``(A) Activities under agreement.--Information 
                referred to in paragraph (1) is information that--
                            ``(i) results from activities conducted 
                        under an agreement entered into under 
                        subsections (e) and (f) of section 20113; and
                            ``(ii) would be a trade secret or 
                        commercial or financial information that is 
                        privileged or confidential within the meaning 
                        of section 552(b)(4) of title 5 if the 
                        information had been obtained from a non-
                        Federal party participating in such an 
                        agreement.
                    ``(B) Certain data.--Information referred to in 
                paragraph (1) includes data (as defined in section 
                20151) that--
                            ``(i) was first produced by the 
                        Administration in the performance of any 
                        designated activity (as defined in section 
                        20150); and
                            ``(ii) would be a trade secret or 
                        commercial or financial information that is 
                        privileged or confidential within the meaning 
                        of section 552(b)(4) of title 5 if the data had 
                        been obtained from a non-Federal party.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 201 of 
title 51, United States Code, as amended by section 213, is further 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 20150 the 
following:

``20151. Data rights.''.

SEC. 215. PAYMENTS RECEIVED FOR COMMERCIAL SPACE-ENABLED PRODUCTION ON 
              THE ISS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Administrator should determine a threshold for NASA 
        to recover the costs of supporting the commercial development 
        of products or services aboard the ISS, through the negotiation 
        of agreements, similar to agreements made by other Federal 
        agencies that support private sector innovation; and
            (2) the amount of such costs that to be recovered or 
        profits collected through such agreements should be applied by 
        the Administrator through a tiered process, taking into 
        consideration the relative maturity and profitability of the 
        applicable product or service.
    (b) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 51, United 
States Code, as amended by section 214, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
``Sec. 20152. Payments received for commercial space-enable production
    ``(a) Annual Review.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date 
        of the enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the 
        Administrator shall review the profitability of any partnership 
        with a private entity under a contract in which the 
        Administrator--
                    ``(A) permits the use of the ISS by such private 
                entities to produce a commercial product or service; 
                and
                    ``(B) provides the total unreimbursed cost of a 
                contribution by the Federal Government for the use of 
                Federal facilities, equipment, materials, proprietary 
                information of the Federal Government, or services of a 
                Federal employee during working hours, including the 
                cost for the Administration to carry out its 
                responsibilities under paragraphs (1) and (4) of 
                section 504(d) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
                18354(d)).
            ``(2) Negotiation of reimbursements.--Subject to the review 
        described in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall seek to 
        enter into an agreement to negotiate reimbursements for 
        payments received, or portions of profits created, by any 
        mature, profitable private entity described in that paragraph, 
        as appropriate, through a tiered process that reflects the 
        profitability of the relevant product or service.
            ``(3) Use of funds.--Amounts received by the Administrator 
        in accordance with an agreement under paragraph (2) shall be 
        used by the Administrator in the following order of priority:
                    ``(A) To defray the operating cost of the ISS.
                    ``(B) To develop, implement, or operate future low-
                Earth orbit platforms or capabilities.
                    ``(C) To develop, implement, or operate future 
                human deep space platforms or capabilities.
                    ``(D) Any other costs the Administrator considers 
                appropriate.
            ``(4) Report.--On completion of the first annual review 
        under paragraph (1), and annually thereafter, the Administrator 
        shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
        that includes a description of the results of the annual 
        review, any agreement entered into under this section, and the 
        amounts recouped or obtained under any such agreement.
    ``(b) Licensing and Assignment of Inventions.--Notwithstanding 
sections 3710a and 3710c of title 15 and any other provision of law, 
after payment in accordance with subsection (A)(i) of such section 
3710c(a)(1)(A)(i) to the inventors who have directly assigned to the 
Federal Government their interests in an invention under a written 
contract with the Administration or the ISS management entity for the 
performance of a designated activity, the balance of any royalty or 
other payment received by the Administrator or the ISS management 
entity from licensing and assignment of such invention shall be paid by 
the Administrator or the ISS management entity, as applicable, to the 
Space Exploration Fund.
    ``(c) Space Exploration Fund.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury 
        of the United States a fund, to be known as the `Space 
        Exploration Fund' (referred to in this subsection as the 
        `Fund'), to be administered by the Administrator.
            ``(2) Use of fund.--The Fund shall be available to carry 
        out activities described in subsection (a)(3).
            ``(3) Deposits.--There shall be deposited in the Fund--
                    ``(A) amounts appropriated to the Fund;
                    ``(B) fees and royalties collected by the 
                Administrator or the ISS management entity under 
                subsections (a) and (b); and
                    ``(C) donations or contributions designated to 
                support authorized activities.
            ``(4) Rule of construction.--Amounts available to the 
        Administrator under this subsection shall be--
                    ``(A) in addition to amounts otherwise made 
                available for the purpose described in paragraph (2); 
                and
                    ``(B) available for a period of 5 years, to the 
                extent and in the amounts provided in annual 
                appropriation Acts.
    ``(d) Definitions.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, any term used in this 
        section that is also used in section 20150 shall have the 
        meaning given the term in that section.
            ``(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of 
                the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
                House of Representatives.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 201 of 
title 51, United States Code, as amended by section and 214, is further 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 20151 the 
following:

``20152. Payments received for commercial space-enabled production.''.

SEC. 216. STEPPING STONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 70504 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 70504. Stepping stone approach to exploration
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator, in sustainable steps, may 
conduct missions to intermediate destinations, such as the Moon, in 
accordance with section 20302(b), and on a timetable determined by the 
availability of funding, in order to achieve the objective of human 
exploration of Mars specified in section 202(b)(5) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18312(b)(5)), if the Administrator--
            ``(1) determines that each such mission demonstrates or 
        advances a technology or operational concept that will enable 
        human missions to Mars; and
            ``(2) incorporates each such mission into the human 
        exploration roadmap under section 432 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization 
        Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note).
    ``(b) Cislunar Space Exploration Activities.--In conducting a 
mission under subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) use a combination of launches of the Space Launch 
        System and space transportation services from United States 
        commercial providers, as appropriate, for the mission;
            ``(2) plan for not fewer than 1 Space Launch System launch 
        annually beginning after the first successful crewed launch of 
        Orion on the Space Launch System; and
            ``(3) establish an outpost in orbit around the Moon that--
                    ``(A) demonstrates technologies, systems, and 
                operational concepts directly applicable to the space 
                vehicle that will be used to transport humans to Mars;
                    ``(B) has the capability for periodic human 
                habitation; and
                    ``(C) can function as a point of departure, return, 
                or staging for Administration or nongovernmental or 
                international partner missions to multiple locations on 
                the lunar surface or other destinations.
    ``(c) Cost-effectiveness.--To maximize the cost-effectiveness of 
the long-term space exploration and utilization activities of the 
United States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, 
including engaging nongovernmental and international partners, to 
ensure that activities in the Administration's human space exploration 
program are balanced in order to help meet the requirements of future 
exploration and utilization activities leading to human habitation on 
the surface of Mars.
    ``(d) Completion.--Within budgetary considerations, once an 
exploration-related project enters its development phase, the 
Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to 
complete that project without undue delay.
    ``(e) International Participation.--To achieve the goal of 
successfully conducting a crewed mission to the surface of Mars, the 
Administrator shall invite the partners in the ISS program and other 
nations, as appropriate, to participate in an international initiative 
under the leadership of the United States.''.
    (b) Definition of Cislunar Space.--Section 10101 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Cislunar space.--The term `cislunar space' means the 
        region of space beyond low-Earth orbit out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.''.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18302) is amended by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and 
inserting the following:
            ``(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives.
            ``(3) Cislunar space.--The term `cislunar space' means the 
        region of space beyond low-Earth orbit out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.''.

SEC. 217. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATING TO ARTEMIS MISSIONS.

    (a) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 
20301 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(3)--
                    (A) by striking ``EM-1'' and inserting ``Artemis 
                I'';
                    (B) by striking ``EM-2'' and inserting ``Artemis 
                II''; and
                    (C) by striking ``EM-3'' and inserting ``Artemis 
                III''; and
            (2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``EM-3'' and 
        inserting ``Artemis III''.
    (b) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115-10; 51 U.S.C. 
20302 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)(D)--
                    (A) by striking ``EM-1'' and inserting ``Artemis 
                I''; and
                    (B) by striking ``EM-2'' and inserting ``Artemis 
                II''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ``EM-3'' and inserting 
        ``Artemis III''.

                           TITLE III--SCIENCE

SEC. 301. SCIENCE PRIORITIES.

    (a) Sense of Congress on Science Portfolio.--Congress reaffirms the 
sense of Congress that--
            (1) a balanced and adequately funded set of activities, 
        consisting of research and analysis grant programs, technology 
        development, suborbital research activities, and small, medium, 
        and large space missions, contributes to a robust and 
        productive science program and serves as a catalyst for 
        innovation and discovery; and
            (2) the Administrator should set science priorities by 
        following the guidance provided by the scientific community 
        through the decadal surveys of the National Academies of 
        Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
    (b) National Academies Decadal Surveys.--Section 20305(c) of title 
51, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Administrator shall'' and inserting 
        the following:
            ``(1) Reexamination of priorities by national academies.--
        The Administrator shall''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Reexamination of priorities by administrator.--If the 
        Administrator decides to reexamine the applicability of the 
        priorities of the decadal surveys to the missions and 
        activities of the Administration due to scientific discoveries 
        or external factors, the Administrator shall consult with the 
        relevant committees of the National Academies.''.

SEC. 302. LUNAR DISCOVERY PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator may carry out a program to 
conduct lunar science research, including missions to the surface of 
the Moon, that materially contributes to the objective described in 
section 20102(d)(1) of title 51, United States Code.
    (b) Commercial Landers.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall procure the services of 
commercial landers developed primarily by United States industry to 
land science payloads of all classes on the lunar surface.
    (c) Lunar Science Research.--The Administrator shall ensure that 
lunar science research carried out under subsection (a) is consistent 
with recommendations made by the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine.
    (d) Lunar Polar Volatiles.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall, at the earliest opportunity, 
consider mission proposals to evaluate the potential of lunar polar 
volatiles to contribute to sustainable lunar exploration.

SEC. 303. SEARCH FOR LIFE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the report entitled ``An Astrobiology Strategy for the 
        Search for Life in the Universe'' published by the National 
        Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine outlines the 
        key scientific questions and methods for fulfilling the 
        objective of NASA to search for the origin, evolution, 
        distribution, and future of life in the universe; and
            (2) the interaction of lifeforms with their environment, a 
        central focus of astrobiology research, is a topic of broad 
        significance to life sciences research in space and on Earth.
    (b) Program Continuation.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue to 
        implement a collaborative, multidisciplinary science and 
        technology development program to search for proof of the 
        existence or historical existence of life beyond Earth in 
        support of the objective described in section 20102(d)(10) of 
        title 51, United States Code.
            (2) Element.--The program under paragraph (1) shall include 
        activities relating to astronomy, biology, geology, and 
        planetary science.
            (3) Coordination with life sciences program.--In carrying 
        out the program under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall 
        coordinate efforts with the life sciences program of the 
        Administration.
            (4) Technosignatures.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall support activities to 
        search for and analyze technosignatures.
            (5) Instrumentation and sensor technology.--In carrying out 
        the program under paragraph (1), the Administrator may 
        strategically invest in the development of new instrumentation 
        and sensor technology.

SEC. 304. JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the James Webb Space Telescope will be the next premier 
        observatory in space and has great potential to further 
        scientific study and assist scientists in making new 
        discoveries in the field of astronomy;
            (2) the James Webb Space Telescope was developed as an 
        ambitious project with a scope that was not fully defined at 
        inception and with risk that was not fully known or understood;
            (3) despite the major technology development and innovation 
        that was needed to construct the James Webb Space Telescope, 
        major negative impacts to the cost and schedule of the James 
        Webb Space Telescope resulted from poor program management and 
        poor contractor performance;
            (4) the Administrator should take into account the lessons 
        learned from the cost and schedule issues relating to the 
        development of the James Webb Space Telescope in making 
        decisions regarding the scope of and the technologies needed 
        for future scientific missions; and
            (5) in selecting future scientific missions, the 
        Administrator should take into account the impact that large 
        programs that overrun cost and schedule estimates may have on 
        other NASA programs in earlier phases of development.
    (b) Project Continuation.--The Administrator shall continue--
            (1) to closely track the cost and schedule performance of 
        the James Webb Space Telescope project; and
            (2) to improve the reliability of cost estimates and 
        contractor performance data throughout the remaining 
        development of the James Webb Space Telescope.
    (c) Revised Estimate.--Due to delays to the James Webb Space 
Telescope project resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the 
Administrator shall provide to Congress--
            (1) an estimate of any increase to program development 
        costs, if such costs are anticipated to exceed $8,802,700,000; 
        and
            (2) an estimate for a revised launch date.

SEC. 305. WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) major growth in the cost of astrophysics flagship-class 
        missions has impacted the overall portfolio balance of the 
        Science Mission Directorate; and
            (2) the Administrator should continue to develop the Wide-
        Field Infrared Survey Telescope with a development cost of not 
        more than $3,200,000,000.
    (b) Project Continuation.--The Administrator shall continue to 
develop the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope to meet the objectives 
outlined in the 2010 decadal survey on astronomy and astrophysics of 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in a 
manner that maximizes scientific productivity based on the resources 
invested.

SEC. 306. STUDY ON SATELLITE SERVICING FOR SCIENCE MISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall conduct a study on the 
feasibility of using in-space robotic refueling, repair, or 
refurbishment capabilities to extend the useful life of telescopes and 
other science missions that are operational or in development as of the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Elements.--The study conducted under subsection (a) shall 
include the following:
            (1) An identification of the technologies and in-space 
        testing required to demonstrate the in-space robotic refueling, 
        repair, or refurbishment capabilities described in that 
        subsection.
            (2) The projected cost of using such capabilities, 
        including the cost of extended operations for science missions 
        described in that subsection.
    (c) Briefing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a briefing on the results of the 
study conducted under subsection (a).
    (d) Public Availability.--Not later than 30 days after the 
Administrator provides the briefing under subsection (c), the 
Administrator shall make the study conducted under subsection (a) 
available to the public.

SEC. 307. EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the Earth 
Science Division of NASA plays an important role in national efforts--
            (1) to collect and use Earth observations in service to 
        society; and
            (2) to understand global change.
    (b) Earth Science Missions and Programs.--With respect to the 
missions and programs of the Earth Science Division, the Administrator 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, follow the recommendations 
and guidance provided by the scientific community through the decadal 
survey for Earth science and applications from space of the National 
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, including--
            (1) the science priorities described in such survey;
            (2) the execution of the series of existing or previously 
        planned observations (commonly known as the ``program of 
        record''); and
            (3) the development of a range of missions of all classes, 
        including opportunities for principal investigator-led, 
        competitively selected missions.

SEC. 308. LIFE SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the 2011 decadal survey on biological and physical 
        sciences in space identifies--
                    (A) many areas in which fundamental scientific 
                research is needed to efficiently advance the range of 
                human activities in space, from the first stages of 
                exploration to eventual economic development; and
                    (B) many areas of basic and applied scientific 
                research that could use the microgravity, radiation, 
                and other aspects of the spaceflight environment to 
                answer fundamental scientific questions;
            (2) given the central role of life science and physical 
        science research in developing the future of space exploration, 
        NASA should continue to invest strategically in such research 
        to maintain United States leadership in space exploration; and
            (3) such research remains important to the objectives of 
        NASA with respect to long-duration deep space human exploration 
        to the Moon and Mars.
    (b) Program Continuation.--
            (1) In general.--In support of the goals described in 
        section 20302 of title 51, United States Code, the 
        Administrator shall continue to implement a collaborative, 
        multidisciplinary life science and physical science fundamental 
        research program--
                    (A) to build a scientific foundation for the 
                exploration and development of space;
                    (B) to investigate the mechanisms of changes to 
                biological systems and physical systems, and the 
                environments of those systems in space, including the 
                effects of long-duration exposure to deep space-related 
                environmental factors on those systems;
                    (C) to understand the effects of combined deep 
                space radiation and altered gravity levels on 
                biological systems so as to inform the development and 
                testing of potential countermeasures;
                    (D) to understand physical phenomena in reduced 
                gravity that affect design and performance of enabling 
                technologies necessary for the space exploration 
                program;
                    (E) to provide scientific opportunities to educate, 
                train, and develop the next generation of researchers 
                and engineers; and
                    (F) to provide state-of-the-art data repositories 
                and curation of large multi-data sets to enable 
                comparative research analyses.
            (2) Elements.--The program under paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) include fundamental research relating to life 
                science, space bioscience, and physical science; and
                    (B) maximize intra-agency and interagency 
                partnerships to advance space exploration, scientific 
                knowledge, and benefits to Earth.
            (3) Use of facilities.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator may use ground-based, air-
        based, and space-based facilities in low-Earth orbit and beyond 
        low-Earth orbit.

SEC. 309. SCIENCE MISSIONS TO MARS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall conduct 1 or more science 
missions to Mars to enable the selection of 1 or more sites for human 
landing.
    (b) Sample Program.--The Administrator may carry out a program--
            (1) to collect samples from the surface of Mars; and
            (2) to return such samples to Earth for scientific 
        analysis.
    (c) Use of Existing Capabilities and Assets.--In carrying out this 
section, the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
use existing capabilities and assets of NASA centers.

SEC. 310. PLANETARY DEFENSE COORDINATION OFFICE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Near-Earth objects remain a threat to the United 
        States.
            (2) Section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 
        119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.) established a 
        requirement that the Administrator plan, develop, and implement 
        a Near-Earth Object Survey program to detect, track, catalogue, 
        and characterize the physical characteristics of near-Earth 
        objects equal to or greater than 140 meters in diameter in 
        order to assess the threat of such near-Earth objects to the 
        Earth, with the goal of 90-percent completion of the catalogue 
        of such near-Earth objects by December 30, 2020.
            (3) The current planetary defense strategy of NASA 
        acknowledges that such goal will not be met.
            (4) The report of the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine entitled ``Finding Hazardous 
        Asteroids Using Infrared and Visible Wavelength Telescopes'' 
        issued in 2019 states that--
                    (A) NASA cannot accomplish such goal with currently 
                available assets;
                    (B) NASA should develop and launch a dedicated 
                space-based infrared survey telescope to meet the 
                requirements of section 321(d)(1) of the National 
                Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
                of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 
                71101 note prec.); and
                    (C) the early detection of potentially hazardous 
                near-Earth objects enabled by a space-based infrared 
                survey telescope is important to enable deflection of a 
                dangerous asteroid.
    (b) Establishment of Planetary Defense Coordination Office.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish an 
        office within the Planetary Science Division of the Science 
        Mission Directorate, to be known as the ``Planetary Defense 
        Coordination Office'', to plan, develop, and implement a 
        program to survey threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to 
        or greater than 140 meters in diameter, as required by section 
        321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 Stat. 2922; 
        51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.).
            (2) Activities.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) develop and, not later than September 30, 2025, 
                launch a space-based infrared survey telescope that is 
                capable of detecting near-Earth objects equal to or 
                greater than 140 meters in diameter, with preference 
                given to planetary missions selected by the 
                Administrator as of the date of the enactment of this 
                Act to pursue concept design studies relating to the 
                development of a space-based infrared survey telescope;
                    (B) identify, track, and characterize potentially 
                hazardous near-Earth objects and issue warnings of the 
                effects of potential impacts of such objects; and
                    (C) assist in coordinating Government planning for 
                response to a potential impact of a near-Earth object.
    (c) Annual Report.--Section 321(f) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 119 
Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Annual Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2020, and annually thereafter through 90-percent 
completion of the catalogue required by subsection (d)(1), the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report that includes the 
following:
            ``(1) A summary of all activities carried out by the 
        Planetary Defense Coordination Office established under section 
        310(b)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2020 since the date of enactment of that 
        Act.
            ``(2) A description of the progress with respect to the 
        design, development, and launch of the space-based infrared 
        survey telescope required by section 310(b)(2)(A) of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2020.
            ``(3) An assessment of the progress toward meeting the 
        requirements of subsection (d)(1).
            ``(4) A description of the status of efforts to coordinate 
        planetary defense activities in response to a threat posed by a 
        near-Earth object with other Federal agencies since the date of 
        enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2020.
            ``(5) A description of the status of efforts to coordinate 
        and cooperate with other countries to discover hazardous 
        asteroids and comets, plan a mitigation strategy, and implement 
        that strategy in the event of the discovery of an object on a 
        likely collision course with Earth.
            ``(6) A summary of expenditures for all activities carried 
        out by the Planetary Defense Coordination Office since the date 
        of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2020.''.
    (d) Limitation on Use of Funds.--None of the amounts authorized to 
be appropriated by this Act for a fiscal year may be obligated or 
expended for the Office of the Administrator during the last 3 months 
of that fiscal year unless the Administrator submits the report for 
that fiscal year required by section 321(f) of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155; 
119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.).
    (e) Near-Earth Object Defined.--In this section, the term ``near-
Earth object'' means an asteroid or comet with a perihelion distance of 
less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun.

SEC. 311. SUBORBITAL SCIENCE FLIGHTS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
commercially available suborbital flight platforms enable low-cost 
access to a microgravity environment to advance science and train 
scientists and engineers under the Suborbital Research Program 
established under section 802(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18382(c)).
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report evaluating the 
        manner in which suborbital flight platforms can contribute to 
        meeting the science objectives of NASA for the Science Mission 
        Directorate and the Human Exploration and Operations Mission 
        Directorate.
            (2) Contents.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) An assessment of the advantages of suborbital 
                flight platforms to meet science objectives.
                    (B) An evaluation of the challenges to greater use 
                of commercial suborbital flight platforms for science 
                purposes.
                    (C) An analysis of whether commercial suborbital 
                flight platforms can provide low-cost flight 
                opportunities to test lunar and Mars science payloads.

SEC. 312. EARTH SCIENCE DATA AND OBSERVATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall to the maximum extent 
practicable, make available to the public in an easily accessible 
electronic database all data (including metadata, documentation, 
models, data processing methods, images, and research results) of the 
missions and programs of the Earth Science Division of the 
Administration, or any successor division.
    (b) Open Data Program.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish and continue to operate an open data 
program that--
            (1) is consistent with the greatest degree of 
        interactivity, interoperability, and accessibility; and
            (2) enables outside communities, including the research and 
        applications community, private industry, academia, and the 
        general public, to effectively collaborate in areas important 
        to--
                    (A) studying the Earth system and improving the 
                prediction of Earth system change; and
                    (B) improving model development, data assimilation 
                techniques, systems architecture integration, and 
                computational efficiencies; and
            (3) meets basic end-user requirements for running on public 
        computers and networks located outside of secure Administration 
        information and technology systems.
    (c) Hosting.--The program under subsection (b) shall use, as 
appropriate and cost-effective, innovative strategies and methods for 
hosting and management of part or all of the program, including cloud-
based computing capabilities.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
interpreted to require the Administrator to release classified, 
proprietary, or otherwise restricted information that would be harmful 
to the national security of the United States.

SEC. 313. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SMALL SATELLITE SCIENCE.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) small satellites--
                    (A) are increasingly robust, effective, and 
                affordable platforms for carrying out space science 
                missions;
                    (B) can work in tandem with or augment larger NASA 
                spacecraft to support high-priority science missions of 
                NASA; and
                    (C) are cost effective solutions that may allow 
                NASA to continue collecting legacy observations while 
                developing next-generation science missions; and
            (2) NASA should continue to support small satellite 
        research, development, technologies, and programs, including 
        technologies for compact and lightweight instrumentation for 
        small satellites.

SEC. 314. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COMMERCIAL SPACE SERVICES.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Administration should explore partnerships with the 
        commercial space industry for space science missions in and 
        beyond Earth orbit, including partnerships relating to payload 
        and instrument hosting and commercially available datasets; and
            (2) such partnerships could result in increased mission 
        cadence, technology advancement, and cost savings for the 
        Administration.

SEC. 315. PROCEDURES FOR IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING ALLEGED VIOLATIONS 
              OF SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY POLICY.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall develop and document procedures for 
identifying and addressing alleged violations of the scientific 
integrity policy of NASA.

                         TITLE IV--AERONAUTICS

SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Aeronautics Innovation Act''.

SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Aeronautics strategic implementation plan.--The term 
        ``Aeronautics Strategic Implementation Plan'' means the 
        Aeronautics Strategic Implementation Plan issued by the 
        Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.
            (2) Unmanned aircraft; unmanned aircraft system.--The terms 
        ``unmanned aircraft'' and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the 
        meanings given those terms in section 44801 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            (3) X-plane.--The term ``X-plane'' means an experimental 
        aircraft that is--
                    (A) used to test and evaluate a new technology or 
                aerodynamic concept; and
                    (B) operated by NASA or the Department of Defense.

SEC. 403. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT PROJECTS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) developing high-risk, precompetitive aerospace 
        technologies for which there is not yet a profit rationale is a 
        fundamental role of NASA;
            (2) large-scale piloted flight test experimentation and 
        validation are necessary for--
                    (A) transitioning new technologies and materials, 
                including associated manufacturing processes, for 
                general aviation, commercial aviation, and military 
                aeronautics use; and
                    (B) capturing the full extent of benefits from 
                investments made by the Aeronautics Research Mission 
                Directorate in priority programs called for in--
                            (i) the National Aeronautics Research and 
                        Development Plan issued by the National Science 
                        and Technology Council in February 2010;
                            (ii) the NASA 2014 Strategic Plan;
                            (iii) the Aeronautics Strategic 
                        Implementation Plan; and
                            (iv) any updates to the programs called for 
                        in the plans described in clauses (i) through 
                        (iii);
            (3) a level of funding that adequately supports large-scale 
        piloted flight test experimentation and validation, including 
        related infrastructure, should be ensured over a sustained 
        period of time to restore the capacity of NASA--
                    (A) to see legacy priority programs through to 
                completion; and
                    (B) to achieve national economic and security 
                objectives; and
            (4) NASA should not be directly involved in the Type 
        Certification of aircraft for current and future scheduled 
        commercial air service under part 121 or 135 of title 14, Code 
        of Federal Regulations, that would result in reductions in crew 
        augmentation or single pilot or autonomously operated aircraft.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to maintain world leadership in--
                    (A) military and civilian aeronautical science and 
                technology;
                    (B) global air power projection; and
                    (C) aerospace industrialization; and
            (2) to maintain as a fundamental objective of NASA 
        aeronautics research the steady progression and expansion of 
        flight research and capabilities, including the science and 
        technology of critical underlying disciplines and competencies, 
        such as--
                    (A) computational-based analytical and predictive 
                tools and methodologies;
                    (B) aerothermodynamics;
                    (C) propulsion;
                    (D) advanced materials and manufacturing processes;
                    (E) high-temperature structures and materials; and
                    (F) guidance, navigation, and flight controls.
    (c) Establishment and Continuation of X-plane Projects.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish or 
        continue to implement, in a manner that is consistent with the 
        roadmap for supersonic aeronautics research and development 
        required by section 604(b) of the National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017 
        (Public Law 115-10; 131 Stat. 55), the following projects:
                    (A) A low-boom supersonic aircraft project to 
                demonstrate supersonic aircraft designs and 
                technologies that--
                            (i) reduce sonic boom noise; and
                            (ii) assist the Administrator of the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration in enabling--
                                    (I) the safe commercial deployment 
                                of civil supersonic aircraft 
                                technology; and
                                    (II) the safe and efficient 
                                operation of civil supersonic aircraft.
                    (B) A subsonic flight demonstrator aircraft project 
                to advance high-aspect-ratio, thin-wing aircraft 
                designs and to integrate propulsion, composites, and 
                other technologies that enable significant increases in 
                energy efficiency and reduced life-cycle emissions in 
                the aviation system while reducing noise and emissions.
                    (C) A series of large-scale X-plane demonstrators 
                that are--
                            (i) developed sequentially or in parallel; 
                        and
                            (ii) each based on a set of new 
                        configuration concepts or technologies 
                        determined by the Administrator to 
                        demonstrate--
                                    (I) aircraft and propulsion 
                                concepts and technologies and related 
                                advances in alternative propulsion and 
                                energy; and
                                    (II) flight propulsion concepts and 
                                technologies.
            (2) Elements.--For each project under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall--
                    (A) include the development of X-planes and all 
                necessary supporting flight test assets;
                    (B) pursue a robust technology maturation and 
                flight test validation effort;
                    (C) improve necessary facilities, flight testing 
                capabilities, and computational tools to support the 
                project;
                    (D) award any primary contracts for design, 
                procurement, and manufacturing to United States 
                persons, consistent with international obligations and 
                commitments;
                    (E) coordinate research and flight test 
                demonstration activities with other Federal agencies 
                and the United States aviation community, as the 
                Administrator considers appropriate; and
                    (F) ensure that the project is aligned with the 
                Aeronautics Strategic Implementation Plan and any 
                updates to the Aeronautics Strategic Implementation 
                Plan.
            (3) United states person defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``United States person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence to the United States; 
                or
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or of any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.
    (d) Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator may establish an 
        advanced materials and manufacturing technology program--
                    (A) to develop--
                            (i) new materials, including composite and 
                        high-temperature materials, from base material 
                        formulation through full-scale structural 
                        validation and manufacture;
                            (ii) advanced materials and manufacturing 
                        processes, including additive manufacturing, to 
                        reduce the cost of manufacturing scale-up and 
                        certification for use in general aviation, 
                        commercial aviation, and military aeronautics; 
                        and
                            (iii) noninvasive or nondestructive 
                        techniques for testing or evaluating aviation 
                        and aeronautics structures, including for 
                        materials and manufacturing processes;
                    (B) to reduce the time it takes to design, 
                industrialize, and certify advanced materials and 
                manufacturing processes;
                    (C) to provide education and training opportunities 
                for the aerospace workforce; and
                    (D) to address global cost and human capital 
                competitiveness for United States aeronautical 
                industries and technological leadership in advanced 
                materials and manufacturing technology.
            (2) Elements.--In carrying out a program under paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator shall--
                    (A) build on work that was carried out by the 
                Advanced Composites Project of NASA;
                    (B) partner with the private and academic sectors, 
                such as members of the Advanced Composites Consortium 
                of NASA, the Joint Advanced Materials and Structures 
                Center of Excellence of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration, the Manufacturing USA institutes of the 
                Department of Commerce, and national laboratories, as 
                the Administrator considers appropriate;
                    (C) provide a structure for managing intellectual 
                property generated by the program based on or 
                consistent with the structure established for the 
                Advanced Composites Consortium of NASA;
                    (D) ensure adequate Federal cost share for 
                applicable research; and
                    (E) coordinate with advanced manufacturing and 
                composites initiatives in other mission directorates of 
                NASA, as the Administrator considers appropriate.
    (e) Research Partnerships.--In carrying out the projects under 
subsection (c) and a program under subsection (d), the Administrator 
may engage in cooperative research programs with--
            (1) academia; and
            (2) commercial aviation and aerospace manufacturers.

SEC. 404. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operation Program.--The Administrator 
shall--
            (1) research and test capabilities and concepts, including 
        unmanned aircraft systems communications, for integrating 
        unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system;
            (2) leverage the partnership NASA has with industry focused 
        on the advancement of technologies for future air traffic 
        management systems for unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (3) continue to align the research and testing portfolio of 
        NASA to inform the integration of unmanned aircraft systems 
        into the national airspace system, consistent with public 
        safety and national security objectives.
    (b) Sense of Congress on Coordination With Federal Aviation 
Administration.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) NASA should continue--
                    (A) to coordinate with the Federal Aviation 
                Administration on research on air traffic management 
                systems for unmanned aircraft systems; and
                    (B) to assist the Federal Aviation Administration 
                in the integration of air traffic management systems 
                for unmanned aircraft systems into the national 
                airspace system; and
            (2) the test ranges (as defined in section 44801 of title 
        49, United States Code) should continue to be leveraged for 
        research on--
                    (A) air traffic management systems for unmanned 
                aircraft systems; and
                    (B) the integration of such systems into the 
                national airspace system.

SEC. 405. 21ST CENTURY AERONAUTICS CAPABILITIES INITIATIVE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator may establish an initiative, to 
be known as the ``21st Century Aeronautics Capabilities Initiative'', 
within the Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration 
Account, to ensure that NASA possesses the infrastructure and 
capabilities necessary to conduct proposed flight demonstration 
projects across the range of NASA aeronautics interests.
    (b) Activities.--In carrying out the 21st Century Aeronautics 
Capabilities Initiative, the Administrator may carry out the following 
activities:
            (1) Any investments the Administrator considers necessary 
        to upgrade and create facilities for civil and national 
        security aeronautics research to support advancements in--
                    (A) long-term foundational science and technology;
                    (B) advanced aircraft systems;
                    (C) air traffic management systems;
                    (D) fuel efficiency;
                    (E) electric propulsion technologies;
                    (F) system-wide safety assurance;
                    (G) autonomous aviation; and
                    (H) supersonic and hypersonic aircraft design and 
                development.
            (2) Any measures the Administrator considers necessary to 
        support flight testing activities, including--
                    (A) continuous refinement and development of free-
                flight test techniques and methodologies;
                    (B) upgrades and improvements to real-time tracking 
                and data acquisition; and
                    (C) such other measures relating to aeronautics 
                research support and modernization as the Administrator 
                considers appropriate to carry out the scientific study 
                of the problems of flight, with a view to practical 
                solutions for such problems.

SEC. 406. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ON-DEMAND AIR TRANSPORTATION.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) greater use of high-speed air transportation, small 
        airports, helipads, vertical flight infrastructure, and other 
        aviation-related infrastructure can alleviate surface 
        transportation congestion and support economic growth within 
        cities;
            (2) with respect to urban air mobility and related 
        concepts, NASA should continue--
                    (A) to conduct research focused on concepts, 
                technologies, and design tools; and
                    (B) to support the evaluation of advanced 
                technologies and operational concepts that can be 
                leveraged by--
                            (i) industry to develop future vehicles and 
                        systems; and
                            (ii) the Federal Aviation Administration to 
                        support vehicle safety and operational 
                        certification; and
            (3) NASA should leverage ongoing efforts to develop 
        advanced technologies to actively support the research needed 
        for on-demand air transportation.

SEC. 407. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HYPERSONIC TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) hypersonic technology is critical to the development of 
        advanced high-speed aerospace vehicles for both civilian and 
        national security purposes;
            (2) for hypersonic vehicles to be realized, research is 
        needed to overcome technical challenges, including in 
        propulsion, advanced materials, and flight performance in a 
        severe environment;
            (3) NASA plays a critical role in supporting fundamental 
        hypersonic research focused on system design, analysis and 
        validation, and propulsion technologies;
            (4) NASA research efforts in hypersonic technology should 
        complement research supported by the Department of Defense to 
        the maximum extent practicable, since contributions from both 
        agencies working in partnership with universities and industry 
        are necessary to overcome key technical challenges;
            (5) previous coordinated research programs between NASA and 
        the Department of Defense enabled important progress on 
        hypersonic technology;
            (6) the commercial sector could provide flight platforms 
        and other capabilities that are able to host and support NASA 
        hypersonic technology research projects; and
            (7) in carrying out hypersonic technology research 
        projects, the Administrator should--
                    (A) focus research and development efforts on high-
                speed propulsion systems, reusable vehicle 
                technologies, high-temperature materials, and systems 
                analysis;
                    (B) coordinate with the Department of Defense to 
                prevent duplication of efforts and of investments;
                    (C) include partnerships with universities and 
                industry to accomplish research goals; and
                    (D) maximize public-private use of commercially 
                available platforms for hosting research and 
                development flight projects.

                       TITLE V--SPACE TECHNOLOGY

SEC. 501. SPACE TECHNOLOGY MISSION DIRECTORATE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that an 
independent Space Technology Mission Directorate is critical to 
ensuring continued investments in the development of technologies for 
missions across the portfolio of NASA, including science, aeronautics, 
and human exploration.
    (b) Space Technology Mission Directorate.--The Administrator shall 
maintain a Space Technology Mission Directorate consistent with section 
702 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition 
Authorization Act of 2017 (51 U.S.C. 20301 note).

SEC. 502. FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES PROGRAM.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Administrator should provide flight opportunities for payloads to 
microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes as required by 
section 907(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18405(c)), as amended by 
subsection (b).
    (b) Establishment.--Section 907(c) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18405(c)) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(c) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program within the 
        Space Technology Mission Directorate to fund--
                    ``(A) the development of payloads for scientific 
                research, technology development, and education;
                    ``(B) flight opportunities for those payloads to 
                microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes; and
                    ``(C) transition of those payloads to orbital 
                opportunities.
            ``(2) Commercial reusable vehicle flights.--In carrying out 
        the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program, the 
        Administrator may fund engineering and integration 
        demonstrations, proofs of concept, and educational experiments 
        for flights of commercial reusable vehicles.
            ``(3) Commercial suborbital launch vehicles.--In carrying 
        out the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program, the 
        Administrator may not fund the development of new commercial 
        suborbital launch vehicles.
            ``(4) Working with mission directorates.--In carrying out 
        the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program, the 
        Administrator shall work with the mission directorates of NASA 
        to achieve the research, technology, and education goals of 
        NASA.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 907(b) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18405(b)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking 
``Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program in'' and inserting 
``Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program established under 
subsection (c)(1) within''.

SEC. 503. SMALL SPACECRAFT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the Small 
Spacecraft Technology Program is important for conducting science and 
technology validation for--
            (1) short- and long-duration missions in low-Earth orbit;
            (2) deep space missions; and
            (3) deorbiting capabilities designed specifically for 
        smaller spacecraft.
    (b) Accommodation of Certain Payloads.--In carrying out the Small 
Spacecraft Technology Program, the Administrator shall, as the mission 
risk posture and technology development objectives allow, accommodate 
science payloads that further the goal of long-term human exploration 
to the Moon and Mars.

SEC. 504. NUCLEAR PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that nuclear 
propulsion is critical to the development of advanced spacecraft for 
civilian and national defense purposes.
    (b) Development; Studies.--The Administrator shall, in coordination 
with the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Defense--
            (1) continue to develop the fuel element design for NASA 
        nuclear propulsion technology;
            (2) undertake the systems feasibility studies for such 
        technology; and
            (3) partner with members of commercial industry to conduct 
        studies on such technology.
    (c) Nuclear Propulsion Technology Demonstration.--
            (1) Determination; report.--Not later than December 31, 
        2021, the Administrator shall--
                    (A) determine the correct approach for conducting a 
                flight demonstration of nuclear propulsion technology; 
                and
                    (B) submit to Congress a report on a plan for such 
                a demonstration.
            (2) Demonstration.--Not later than December 31, 2026, the 
        Administrator shall conduct the flight demonstration described 
        in paragraph (1).

SEC. 505. MARS-FORWARD TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Administrator should pursue multiple technical paths for entry, 
descent, and landing for Mars, including competitively selected 
technology demonstration missions.
    (b) Prioritization of Long-lead Technologies and Systems.--The 
Administrator shall prioritize, within the Space Technology Mission 
Directorate, research, testing, and development of long-lead 
technologies and systems for Mars, including technologies and systems 
relating to--
            (1) entry, descent, and landing; and
            (2) in-space propulsion, including nuclear propulsion, 
        cryogenic fluid management, in-situ large-scale additive 
        manufacturing, and electric propulsion (including solar 
        electric propulsion leveraging lessons learned from the power 
        and propulsion element of the lunar outpost) options.
    (c) Technology Demonstration.--The Administrator may use low-Earth 
orbit and cis-lunar missions, including missions to the lunar surface, 
to demonstrate technologies for Mars.

SEC. 506. PRIORITIZATION OF LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) space technology, including nuclear propulsion 
        technology and space surface power reactors, should be 
        developed in a manner consistent with broader United States 
        foreign policy, national defense, and space exploration and 
        commercialization priorities;
            (2) highly enriched uranium presents security and nuclear 
        nonproliferation concerns;
            (3) since 1977, based on the concerns associated with 
        highly enriched uranium, the United States has promoted the use 
        of low-enriched uranium over highly enriched uranium in 
        nonmilitary contexts, including research and commercial 
        applications;
            (4) as part of United States efforts to limit international 
        use of highly enriched uranium, the United States has actively 
        pursued--
                    (A) since 1978, the conversion of domestic and 
                foreign research reactors that use highly enriched 
                uranium fuel to low-enriched uranium fuel and the 
                avoidance of any new research reactors that use highly 
                enriched uranium fuel; and
                    (B) since 1994, the elimination of international 
                commerce in highly enriched uranium for civilian 
                purposes; and
            (5) the use of low-enriched uranium in place of highly 
        enriched uranium has security, nonproliferation, and economic 
        benefits, including for the national space program.
    (b) Prioritization of Low-enriched Uranium Technology.--The 
Administrator shall--
            (1) establish, within the Space Technology Mission 
        Directorate, a program for the research, testing, and 
        development of in-space reactor designs, including a surface 
        power reactor, that uses low-enriched uranium fuel; and
            (2) prioritize the research, demonstration, and deployment 
        of such designs over designs using highly enriched uranium 
        fuel.
    (c) Report on Nuclear Technology Prioritization.--Not later than 
120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that--
            (1) details the actions taken to implement subsection (b); 
        and
            (2) identifies a plan and timeline under which such 
        subsection will be implemented.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Highly enriched uranium.--The term ``highly enriched 
        uranium'' means uranium having an assay of 20 percent or 
        greater of the uranium-235 isotope.
            (2) Low-enriched uranium.--The term ``low-enriched 
        uranium'' means uranium having an assay greater than the assay 
        for natural uranium but less than 20 percent of the uranium-235 
        isotope.

SEC. 507. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON NEXT-GENERATION COMMUNICATIONS 
              TECHNOLOGY.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) optical communications technologies--
                    (A) will be critical to the development of next-
                generation space-based communications networks;
                    (B) have the potential to allow NASA to expand the 
                volume of data transmissions in low-Earth orbit and 
                deep space; and
                    (C) may provide more secure and cost-effective 
                solutions than current radio frequency communications 
                systems;
            (2) quantum encryption technology has promising 
        implications for the security of the satellite and terrestrial 
        communications networks of the United States, including optical 
        communications networks, and further research and development 
        by NASA with respect to quantum encryption is essential to 
        maintaining the security of the United States and United States 
        leadership in space; and
            (3) in order to provide NASA with more secure and reliable 
        space-based communications, the Space Communications and 
        Navigation program office of NASA should continue--
                    (A) to support research on and development of 
                optical communications; and
                    (B) to develop quantum encryption capabilities, 
                especially as those capabilities apply to optical 
                communications networks.

SEC. 508. LUNAR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Administrator should--
            (1) identify and develop the technologies needed to live on 
        and explore the lunar surface and prepare for future operations 
        on Mars;
            (2) convene teams of experts from academia, industry, and 
        government to shape the technology development priorities of 
        the Administration for lunar surface exploration and 
        habitation; and
            (3) establish partnerships with researchers, universities, 
        and the private sector to rapidly develop and deploy 
        technologies required for successful lunar surface exploration.
    (b) Development and Demonstration.--The Administrator shall carry 
out a program, within the Space Technology Mission Directorate, to 
conduct technology development and demonstrations to enable human and 
robotic exploration on the lunar surface.
    (c) Research Consortium.--The Administrator shall establish a 
consortium consisting of experts from academia, industry, and 
government--
            (1) to assist the Administrator in developing a cohesive, 
        executable strategy for the development and deployment of 
        technologies required for successful lunar surface exploration; 
        and
            (2) to identify specific technologies relating to lunar 
        surface exploration that--
                    (A) should be developed to facilitate such 
                exploration; or
                    (B) require future research and development.
    (d) Research Awards.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator may task any member of 
        the research consortium established under subsection (c) with 
        conducting research and development with respect to a 
        technology identified under paragraph (2) of that subsection.
            (2) Standard process for arrangements.--
                    (A) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a 
                standard process by which a consortium member tasked 
                with research and development under paragraph (1) may 
                enter into a formal arrangement with the Administrator 
                to carry out such research and development, such as an 
                arrangement under section 702 or 703.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
                of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
                submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
                report on the one or more types of arrangement the 
                Administrator intends to enter into under this 
                subsection.

                       TITLE VI--STEM ENGAGEMENT

SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) NASA serves as a source of inspiration to the people of 
        the United States; and
            (2) NASA is uniquely positioned to help increase student 
        interest in science, technology, engineering, and math;
            (3) engaging students, and providing hands-on experience at 
        an early age, in science, technology, engineering, and math are 
        important aspects of ensuring and promoting United States 
        leadership in innovation; and
            (4) NASA should strive to leverage its unique position--
                    (A) to increase kindergarten through grade 12 
                involvement in NASA projects;
                    (B) to enhance higher education in STEM fields in 
                the United States;
                    (C) to support individuals who are underrepresented 
                in science, technology, engineering, and math fields, 
                such as women, minorities, and individuals in rural 
                areas; and
                    (D) to provide flight opportunities for student 
                experiments and investigations.

SEC. 602. STEM EDUCATION ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to provide 
opportunities for formal and informal STEM education engagement 
activities within the Office of NASA STEM Engagement and other NASA 
directorates, including--
            (1) the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive 
        Research;
            (2) the Minority University Research and Education Project; 
        and
            (3) the National Space Grant College and Fellowship 
        Program.
    (b) Leveraging NASA National Programs to Promote STEM Education.--
The Administrator, in partnership with museums, nonprofit 
organizations, and commercial entities, shall, to the maximum extent 
practicable, leverage human spaceflight missions, Deep Space 
Exploration Systems (including the Space Launch System, Orion, and 
Exploration Ground Systems), and NASA science programs to engage 
students at the kindergarten through grade 12 and higher education 
levels to pursue learning and career opportunities in STEM fields.
    (c) Briefing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate 
committees of Congress on--
            (1) the status of the programs described in subsection (a); 
        and
            (2) the manner by which each NASA STEM education engagement 
        activity is organized and funded.
    (d) STEM Education Defined.--In this section, the term ``STEM 
education'' has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM 
Education Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-59; 42 U.S.C. 6621 note).

SEC. 603. SKILLED TECHNICAL EDUCATION OUTREACH PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program to 
conduct outreach to secondary school students--
            (1) to expose students to careers that require career and 
        technical education; and
            (2) to encourage students to pursue careers that require 
        career and technical education.
    (b) Outreach Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the outreach program 
under subsection (a) that includes--
            (1) an implementation plan;
            (2) a description of the resources needed to carry out the 
        program; and
            (3) any recommendations on expanding outreach to secondary 
        school students interested in skilled technical occupations.
    (c) Systems Observation.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a program 
        and associated policies to allow students from accredited 
        educational institutions to view the manufacturing, assembly, 
        and testing of NASA-funded space and aeronautical systems, as 
        the Administrator considers appropriate.
            (2) Considerations.--In developing the program and policies 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall take into 
        consideration factors such as workplace safety, mission needs, 
        and the protection of sensitive and proprietary technologies.

SEC. 604. NATIONAL SPACE GRANT COLLEGE AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.

    (a) Purposes.--Section 40301 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by adding ``and'' after 
                the semicolon at the end; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) promote equally the State and regional STEM 
                interests of each space grant consortium;''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``made up of university 
        and industry members, in order to advance'' and inserting 
        ``comprised of members of universities in each State and other 
        entities, such as 2-year colleges, industries, science learning 
        centers, museums, and government entities, to advance''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 40302 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (3);
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Lead institution.--The term `lead institution' means 
        an entity in a State that--
                    ``(A) was designated by the Administrator under 
                section 40306, as in effect on the day before the date 
                of the enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration Authorization Act of 2020; or
                    ``(B) is designated by the Administrator under 
                section 40303(d)(3).'';
            (3) in paragraph (4), by striking ``space grant college, 
        space grant regional consortium, institution of higher 
        education,'' and inserting ``lead institution, space grant 
        consortium,'';
            (4) by striking paragraphs (6), (7), and (8);
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
            ``(6) Space grant consortium.--The term `space grant 
        consortium' means a State-wide group, led by a lead 
        institution, that has established partnerships with other 
        academic institutions, industries, science learning centers, 
        museums, and government entities to promote a strong 
        educational base in the space and aeronautical sciences.'';
            (6) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (7);
            (7) in paragraph (7)(B), as so redesignated, by inserting 
        ``and aeronautics'' after ``space'';
            (8) by striking paragraph (10); and
            (9) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) STEM.--The term `STEM' means science, technology, 
        engineering, and mathematics.''.
    (c) Program Objective.--Section 40303 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (d) and (e);
            (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (e); and
            (3) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Program Objective.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall carry out the 
        national space grant college and fellowship program with the 
        objective of providing hands-on research, training, and 
        education programs with measurable outcomes in each State, 
        including programs to provide--
                    ``(A) internships, fellowships, and scholarships;
                    ``(B) interdisciplinary hands-on mission programs 
                and design projects;
                    ``(C) student internships with industry or 
                university researchers or at centers of the 
                Administration;
                    ``(D) faculty and curriculum development 
                initiatives;
                    ``(E) university-based research initiatives 
                relating to the Administration and the STEM workforce 
                needs of each State; or
                    ``(F) STEM engagement programs for kindergarten 
                through grade 12 teachers and students.
            ``(2) Program priorities.--In carrying out the objective 
        described in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall ensure that 
        each program carried out by a space grant consortium under the 
        national space grant college and fellowship program balances 
        the following priorities:
                    ``(A) The space and aeronautics research needs of 
                the Administration, including the mission directorates.
                    ``(B) The need to develop a national STEM 
                workforce.
                    ``(C) The STEM workforce needs of the State.
    ``(c) Program Administered Through Space Grant Consortia.--The 
Administrator shall carry out the national space grant college and 
fellowship program through the space grant consortia.
    ``(d) Suspension; Termination; New Competition.--
            ``(1) Suspension.--The Administrator may, for cause and 
        after an opportunity for hearing, suspend a lead institution 
        that was designated by the Administrator under section 40306, 
        as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2020.
            ``(2) Termination.--If the issue resulting in a suspension 
        under paragraph (1) is not resolved within a period determined 
        by the Administrator, the Administrator may terminate the 
        designation of the entity as a lead institution.
            ``(3) New competition.--If the Administrator terminates the 
        designation of an entity as a lead institution, the 
        Administrator may initiate a new competition in the applicable 
        State for the designation of a lead institution.''.
    (d) Grants.--Section 40304 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 40304. Grants
    ``(a) Eligible Space Grant Consortium Defined.--In this section, 
the term `eligible space grant consortium' means a space grant 
consortium that the Administrator has determined--
            ``(1) has the capability and objective to carry out not 
        fewer than 3 of the 6 programs under section 40303(b)(1);
            ``(2) will carry out programs that balance the priorities 
        described in section 40303(b)(2); and
            ``(3) is engaged in research, training, and education 
        relating to space and aeronautics.
    ``(b) Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall award grants to 
        the lead institutions of eligible space grant consortia to 
        carry out the programs under section 40303(b)(1).
            ``(2) Request for proposals.--
                    ``(A) In general.--On the expiration of existing 
                cooperative agreements between the Administration and 
                the space grant consortia, the Administrator shall 
                issue a request for proposals from space grant 
                consortia for the award of grants under this section.
                    ``(B) Applications.--A lead institution of a space 
                grant consortium that seeks a grant under this section 
                shall submit, on behalf of such space grant consortium, 
                an application to the Administrator at such time, in 
                such manner, and accompanied by such information as the 
                Administrator may require.
            ``(3) Grant awards.--The Administrator shall award 1 or 
        more 5-year grants, disbursed in annual installments, to the 
        lead institution of the eligible space grant consortium of--
                    ``(A) each State;
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia; and
                    ``(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
            ``(4) Use of funds.--A grant awarded under this section 
        shall be used by an eligible space grant consortium to carry 
        out not fewer than 3 of the 6 programs under section 
        40303(b)(1).
    ``(c) Allocation of Funding.--
            ``(1) Program implementation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To carry out the objective 
                described in section 40303(b)(1), of the funds made 
                available each fiscal year for the national space grant 
                college and fellowship program, the Administrator shall 
                allocate not less than 85 percent as follows:
                            ``(i) The 52 eligible space grant consortia 
                        shall each receive an equal share.
                            ``(ii) The territories of Guam and the 
                        United States Virgin Islands shall each receive 
                        funds equal to approximately \1/5\ of the share 
                        for each eligible space grant consortia.
                    ``(B) Matching requirement.--Each eligible space 
                grant consortium shall match the funds allocated under 
                subparagraph (A)(i) on a basis of not less than 1 non-
                Federal dollar for every 1 Federal dollar, except that 
                any program funded under paragraph (3) or any program 
                to carry out 1 or more internships or fellowships shall 
                not be subject to that matching requirement.
            ``(2) Program administration.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Of the funds made available each 
                fiscal year for the national space grant college and 
                fellowship program, the Administrator shall allocate 
                not more than 10 percent for the administration of the 
                program.
                    ``(B) Costs covered.--The funds allocated under 
                subparagraph (A) shall cover all costs of the 
                Administration associated with the administration of 
                the national space grant college and fellowship 
                program, including--
                            ``(i) direct costs of the program, 
                        including costs relating to support services 
                        and civil service salaries and benefits;
                            ``(ii) indirect general and administrative 
                        costs of centers and facilities of the 
                        Administration; and
                            ``(iii) indirect general and administrative 
                        costs of the Administration headquarters.
            ``(3) Special programs.--Of the funds made available each 
        fiscal year for the national space grant college and fellowship 
        program, the Administrator shall allocate not more than 5 
        percent to the lead institutions of space grant consortia 
        established as of the date of the enactment of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2020 
        for grants to carry out innovative approaches and programs to 
        further science and education relating to the missions of the 
        Administration and STEM disciplines.
    ``(d) Terms and Conditions.--
            ``(1) Limitations.--Amounts made available through a grant 
        under this section may not be applied to--
                    ``(A) the purchase of land;
                    ``(B) the purchase, construction, preservation, or 
                repair of a building; or
                    ``(C) the purchase or construction of a launch 
                facility or launch vehicle.
            ``(2) Leases.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), land, 
        buildings, launch facilities, and launch vehicles may be leased 
        under a grant on written approval by the Administrator.
            ``(3) Records.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any person that receives or uses 
                the proceeds of a grant under this section shall keep 
                such records as the Administrator shall by regulation 
                prescribe as being necessary and appropriate to 
                facilitate effective audit and evaluation, including 
                records that fully disclose the amount and disposition 
                by a recipient of such proceeds, the total cost of the 
                program or project in connection with which such 
                proceeds were used, and the amount, if any, of such 
                cost that was provided through other sources.
                    ``(B) Maintenance of records.--Records under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be maintained for not less than 
                3 years after the date of completion of such a program 
                or project.
                    ``(C) Access.--For the purpose of audit and 
                evaluation, the Administrator and the Comptroller 
                General of the United States shall have access to any 
                books, documents, papers, and records of receipts 
                relating to a grant under this section, as determined 
                by the Administrator or Comptroller General.''.
    (e) Program Streamlining.--Title 51, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking sections 40305 through 40308, 40310, and 
        40311; and
            (2) by redesignating section 40309 as section 40305.
    (f) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning 
of chapter 403 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
the items relating to sections 40304 through 40311 and inserting the 
following:

``40304. Grants.
``40305. Availability of other Federal personnel and data.''.

                TITLE VII--WORKFORCE AND INDUSTRIAL BASE

SEC. 701. APPOINTMENT AND COMPENSATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definition of Covered Provisions.--In this section, the term 
``covered provisions'' means the provisions of title 5, United States 
Code, other than--
            (1) section 2301 of that title;
            (2) section 2302 of that title;
            (3) chapter 71 of that title;
            (4) section 7204 of that title; and
            (5) chapter 73 of that title.
    (b) Establishment.--There is established a 3-year pilot program 
under which, notwithstanding section 20113 of title 51, United States 
Code, the Administrator may, with respect to not more than 3,000 
designated personnel--
            (1) appoint and manage such designated personnel of the 
        Administration, without regard to the covered provisions; and
            (2) fix the compensation of such designated personnel of 
        the Administration, without regard to chapter 51 and subchapter 
        III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, at a rate 
        that does not exceed the per annum rate of salary of the Vice 
        President of the United States under section 104 of title 3, 
        United States Code.
    (c) Administrator Responsibilities.--In carrying out the pilot 
program established under subsection (b), the Administrator shall 
ensure that the pilot program--
            (1) uses--
                    (A) state-of-the-art recruitment techniques;
                    (B) simplified classification methods with respect 
                to personnel of the Administration; and
                    (C) broad banding; and
            (2) offers--
                    (A) competitive compensation; and
                    (B) the opportunity for career mobility.

SEC. 702. ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-INSTITUTION CONSORTIA.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator, pursuant to section 
2304(c)(3)(B) of title 10, United States Code, may--
            (1) establish one or more multi-institution consortia to 
        facilitate access to essential engineering, research, and 
        development capabilities in support of NASA missions;
            (2) use such a consortium to fund technical analyses and 
        other engineering support to address the acquisition, 
        technical, and operational needs of NASA centers; and
            (3) ensure such a consortium--
                    (A) is held accountable for the technical quality 
                of the work product developed under this section; and
                    (B) convenes disparate groups to facilitate public-
                private partnerships.
    (b) Policies and Procedures.--The Administrator shall develop and 
implement policies and procedures to govern, with respect to the 
establishment of a consortium under subsection (a)--
            (1) the selection of participants;
            (2) the award of cooperative agreements or other contracts;
            (3) the appropriate use of competitive awards and sole 
        source awards; and
            (4) technical capabilities required.
    (c) Eligibility.--The following entities shall be eligible to 
participate in a consortium established under subsection (a):
            (1) An institution of higher education (as defined in 
        section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1002)).
            (2) An operator of a federally funded research and 
        development center.
            (3) A nonprofit or not-for-profit research institution.
            (4) A consortium composed of--
                    (A) an entity described in paragraph (1), (2), or 
                (3); and
                    (B) one or more for-profit entities.

SEC. 703. EXPEDITED ACCESS TO TECHNICAL TALENT AND EXPERTISE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator may--
            (1) establish one or more multi-institution task order 
        contracts, consortia, cooperative agreements, or other 
        arrangements to facilitate expedited access to eligible 
        entities in support of NASA missions; and
            (2) use such a multi-institution task order contract, 
        consortium, cooperative agreement, or other arrangement to fund 
        technical analyses and other engineering support to address the 
        acquisition, technical, and operational needs of NASA centers.
    (b) Consultation With Other NASA-affiliated Entities.--To ensure 
access to technical expertise and reduce costs and duplicative efforts, 
a multi-institution task order contract, consortium, cooperative 
agreement, or any other arrangement established under subsection (a)(1) 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be carried out in 
consultation with other NASA-affiliated entities, including federally 
funded research and development centers, university-affiliated research 
centers, and NASA laboratories and test centers.
    (c) Policies and Procedures.--The Administrator shall develop and 
implement policies and procedures to govern, with respect to the 
establishment of a multi-institution task order contract, consortium, 
cooperative agreement, or any other arrangement under subsection 
(a)(1)--
            (1) the selection of participants;
            (2) the award of task orders;
            (3) the maximum award size for a task;
            (4) the appropriate use of competitive awards and sole 
        source awards; and
            (5) technical capabilities required.
    (d) Eligible Entity Defined.--In this section, the term ``eligible 
entity'' means--
            (1) an institution of higher education (as defined in 
        section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1002));
            (2) an operator of a federally funded research and 
        development center;
            (3) a nonprofit or not-for-profit research institution; and
            (4) a consortium composed of--
                    (A) an entity described in paragraph (1), (2), or 
                (3); and
                    (B) one or more for-profit entities.

SEC. 704. REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL BASE FOR CIVIL SPACE MISSIONS AND 
              OPERATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and from time to time thereafter, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the United States industrial base for NASA civil space 
missions and operations.
    (b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
            (1) A comprehensive description of the current status of 
        the United States industrial base for NASA civil space missions 
        and operations.
            (2) A description and assessment of the weaknesses in the 
        supply chain, skills, manufacturing capacity, raw materials, 
        key components, and other areas of the United States industrial 
        base for NASA civil space missions and operations that could 
        adversely impact such missions and operations if unavailable.
            (3) A description and assessment of various mechanisms to 
        address and mitigate the weaknesses described pursuant to 
        paragraph (2).
            (4) A comprehensive list of the collaborative efforts, 
        including future and proposed collaborative efforts, between 
        NASA and the Manufacturing USA institutes of the Department of 
        Commerce.
            (5) An assessment of--
                    (A) the defense and aerospace manufacturing supply 
                chains relevant to NASA in each region of the United 
                States; and
                    (B) the feasibility and benefits of establishing a 
                supply chain center of excellence in a State in which 
                NASA does not, as of the date of the enactment of this 
                Act, have a research center or test facility.
            (6) Such other matters relating to the United States 
        industrial base for NASA civil space missions and operations as 
        the Administrator considers appropriate.

SEC. 705. SEPARATIONS AND RETIREMENT INCENTIVES.

    Section 20113 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(o) Provisions Related to Separation and Retirement Incentives.--
            ``(1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term 
        `employee'--
                    ``(A) means an employee of the Administration 
                serving under an appointment without time limitation; 
                and
                    ``(B) does not include--
                            ``(i) a reemployed annuitant under 
                        subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of 
                        title 5 or any other retirement system for 
                        employees of the Federal Government;
                            ``(ii) an employee having a disability on 
                        the basis of which such employee is or would be 
                        eligible for disability retirement under any of 
                        the retirement systems referred to in clause 
                        (i); or
                            ``(iii) for purposes of eligibility for 
                        separation incentives under this subsection, an 
                        employee who is in receipt of a decision notice 
                        of involuntary separation for misconduct or 
                        unacceptable performance.
            ``(2) Authority.--The Administrator may establish a program 
        under which employees may be eligible for early retirement, 
        offered separation incentive pay to separate from service 
        voluntarily, or both. This authority may be used to reduce the 
        number of personnel employed or to restructure the workforce to 
        meet mission objectives without reducing the overall number of 
        personnel. This authority is in addition to, and 
        notwithstanding, any other authorities established by law or 
        regulation for such programs.
            ``(3) Early retirement.--An employee who is at least 50 
        years of age and has completed 20 years of service, or has at 
        least 25 years of service, may, pursuant to regulations 
        promulgated under this subsection, apply and be retired from 
        the Administration and receive benefits in accordance with 
        subchapter III of chapter 83 or 84 of title 5 if the employee 
        has been employed continuously within the Administration for 
        more than 30 days before the date on which the determination to 
        conduct a reduction or restructuring within 1 or more 
        Administration centers is approved.
            ``(4) Separation pay.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Separation pay shall be paid in 
                a lump sum or in installments and shall be equal to the 
                lesser of--
                            ``(i) an amount equal to the amount the 
                        employee would be entitled to receive under 
                        section 5595(c) of title 5, if the employee 
                        were entitled to payment under such section; or
                            ``(ii) $40,000.
                    ``(B) Limitations.--Separation pay shall not be a 
                basis for payment, and shall not be included in the 
                computation, of any other type of Government benefit. 
                Separation pay shall not be taken into account for the 
                purpose of determining the amount of any severance pay 
                to which an individual may be entitled under section 
                5595 of title 5, based on any other separation.
                    ``(C) Installments.--Separation pay, if paid in 
                installments, shall cease to be paid upon the 
                recipient's acceptance of employment by the Federal 
                Government, or commencement of work under a personal 
                services contract as described in paragraph (5).
            ``(5) Limitations on reemployment.--
                    ``(A) An employee who receives separation pay under 
                such program may not be reemployed by the 
                Administration for a 12-month period beginning on the 
                effective date of the employee's separation, unless 
                this prohibition is waived by the Administrator on a 
                case-by-case basis.
                    ``(B) An employee who receives separation pay under 
                this section on the basis of a separation and accepts 
                employment with the Government of the United States, or 
                who commences work through a personal services contract 
                with the United States within 5 years after the date of 
                the separation on which payment of the separation pay 
                is based, shall be required to repay the entire amount 
                of the separation pay to the Administration. If the 
                employment is with an Executive agency (as defined by 
                section 105 of title 5) other than the Administration, 
                the Administrator may, at the request of the head of 
                that agency, waive the repayment if the individual 
                involved possesses unique abilities and is the only 
                qualified applicant available for the position. If the 
                employment is within the Administration, the 
                Administrator may waive the repayment if the individual 
                involved is the only qualified applicant available for 
                the position. If the employment is with an entity in 
                the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the 
                appointing official may waive the repayment if the 
                individual involved possesses unique abilities and is 
                the only qualified applicant available for the 
                position. If the employment is with the judicial 
                branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of 
                the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the 
                individual involved possesses unique abilities and is 
                the only qualified applicant available for the 
                position.
            ``(6) Regulations.--Under the program established under 
        paragraph (2), early retirement and separation pay may be 
        offered only pursuant to regulations established by the 
        Administrator, subject to such limitations or conditions as the 
        Administrator may require.
            ``(7) Use of existing funds.--The Administrator shall carry 
        out this subsection using amounts otherwise made available to 
        the Administrator and no additional funds are authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out this subsection.''.

SEC. 706. CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE RECORDS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 313 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 31303. Confidentiality of medical quality assurance records
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b)(1)--
            ``(1) a medical quality assurance record, or any part of a 
        medical quality assurance record, may not be subject to 
        discovery or admitted into evidence in a judicial or 
        administrative proceeding; and
            ``(2) an individual who reviews or creates a medical 
        quality assurance record for the Administration, or 
        participates in any proceeding that reviews or creates a 
        medical quality assurance record, may not testify in a judicial 
        or administrative proceeding with respect to--
                    ``(A) the medical quality assurance record; or
                    ``(B) any finding, recommendation, evaluation, 
                opinion, or action taken by such individual or in 
                accordance with such proceeding with respect to the 
                medical quality assurance record.
    ``(b) Disclosure of Records.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (a), a 
        medical quality assurance record may be disclosed to--
                    ``(A) a Federal agency or private entity, if the 
                medical quality assurance record is necessary for the 
                Federal agency or private entity to carry out--
                            ``(i) licensing or accreditation functions 
                        relating to Administration healthcare 
                        facilities; or
                            ``(ii) monitoring of Administration 
                        healthcare facilities required by law;
                    ``(B) a Federal agency or healthcare provider, if 
                the medical quality assurance record is required by the 
                Federal agency or healthcare provider to enable 
                Administration participation in a healthcare program of 
                the Federal agency or healthcare provider;
                    ``(C) a criminal or civil law enforcement agency, 
                or an instrumentality authorized by law to protect the 
                public health or safety, on written request by a 
                qualified representative of such agency or 
                instrumentality submitted to the Administrator that 
                includes a description of the lawful purpose for which 
                the medical quality assurance record is requested;
                    ``(D) an officer, an employee, or a contractor of 
                the Administration who requires the medical quality 
                assurance record to carry out an official duty 
                associated with healthcare;
                    ``(E) healthcare personnel, to the extent necessary 
                to address a medical emergency affecting the health or 
                safety of an individual; and
                    ``(F) any committee, panel, or board convened by 
                the Administration to review the healthcare-related 
                policies and practices of the Administration.
            ``(2) Subsequent disclosure prohibited.--An individual or 
        entity to whom a medical quality assurance record has been 
        disclosed under paragraph (1) may not make a subsequent 
        disclosure of the medical quality assurance record.
    ``(c) Personally Identifiable Information.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        personally identifiable information contained in a medical 
        quality assurance record of a patient or an employee of the 
        Administration, or any other individual associated with the 
        Administration for purposes of a medical quality assurance 
        program, shall be removed before the disclosure of the medical 
        quality assurance record to an entity other than the 
        Administration.
            ``(2) Exception.-- Personally identifiable information 
        described in paragraph (1) may be released to an entity other 
        than the Administration if the Administrator makes a 
        determination that the release of such personally identifiable 
        information--
                    ``(A) is in the best interests of the 
                Administration; and
                    ``(B) does not constitute an unwarranted invasion 
                of personal privacy.
    ``(d) Exclusion From FOIA.--A medical quality assurance record may 
not be made available to any person under section 552 of title 5, 
United States Code (commonly referred to as the `Freedom of Information 
Act'), and this section shall be considered a statute described in 
subsection (b)(3)(B) of such section 522.
    ``(e) Regulations.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Administrator shall promulgate 
regulations to implement this section.
    ``(f) Rules of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed--
            ``(1) to withhold a medical quality assurance record from a 
        committee of the Senate or House of Representatives or a joint 
        committee of Congress if the medical quality assurance record 
        relates to a matter within the jurisdiction of such committee 
        or joint committee; or
            ``(2) to limit the use of a medical quality assurance 
        record within the Administration, including the use by a 
        contractor or consultant of the Administration.
    ``(g) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Medical quality assurance record.--The term `medical 
        quality assurance record' means any proceeding, discussion, 
        record, finding, recommendation, evaluation, opinion, minutes, 
        report, or other document or action that results from a quality 
        assurance committee, quality assurance program, or quality 
        assurance program activity.
            ``(2) Quality assurance program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `quality assurance 
                program' means a comprehensive program of the 
                Administration--
                            ``(i) to systematically review and improve 
                        the quality of medical and behavioral health 
                        services provided by the Administration to 
                        ensure the safety and security of individuals 
                        receiving such health services; and
                            ``(ii) to evaluate and improve the 
                        efficiency, effectiveness, and use of staff and 
                        resources in the delivery of such health 
                        services.
                    ``(B) Inclusion.--The term `quality assurance 
                program' includes any activity carried out by or for 
                the Administration to assess the quality of medical 
                care provided by the Administration.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for 
chapter 313 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

``31303. Confidentiality of medical quality assurance records.''.

                  TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 801. CONTRACTING AUTHORITY.

    Section 20113 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(o) Contracting Authority.--The Administration--
            ``(1) may enter into an agreement with a private, 
        commercial, or State government entity to provide the entity 
        with supplies, support, and services related to private, 
        commercial, or State government space activities carried out at 
        a property owned or operated by the Administration; and
            ``(2) upon the request of such an entity, may include such 
        supplies, support, and services in the requirements of the 
        Administration if--
                    ``(A) the Administrator determines that the 
                inclusion of such supplies, support, or services in 
                such requirements--
                            ``(i) is in the best interest of the 
                        Federal Government;
                            ``(ii) does not interfere with the 
                        requirements of the Administration; and
                            ``(iii) does not compete with the 
                        commercial space activities of other such 
                        entities; and
                    ``(B) the Administration has full reimbursable 
                funding from the entity that requested supplies, 
                support, and services prior to making any obligation 
                for the delivery of such supplies, support, or services 
                under an Administration procurement contract or any 
                other agreement.''.

SEC. 802. AUTHORITY FOR TRANSACTION PROTOTYPE PROJECTS AND FOLLOW-ON 
              PRODUCTION CONTRACTS.

    Section 20113 of title 51, United States Code, as amended by 
section 801, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(p) Transaction Prototype Projects and Follow-on Production 
Contracts.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administration may enter into a 
        transaction (other than a contract, cooperative agreement, or 
        grant) to carry out a prototype project that is directly 
        relevant to enhancing the mission effectiveness of the 
        Administration.
            ``(2) Subsequent award of follow-on production contract.--A 
        transaction entered into under this subsection for a prototype 
        project may provide for the subsequent award of a follow-on 
        production contract to participants in the transaction.
            ``(3) Inclusion.--A transaction under this subsection 
        includes a project awarded to an individual participant and to 
        all individual projects awarded to a consortium of United 
        States industry and academic institutions.
            ``(4) Determination.--The authority of this section may be 
        exercised for a transaction for a prototype project and any 
        follow-on production contract, upon a determination by the head 
        of the contracting activity, in accordance with Administration 
        policies, that--
                    ``(A) circumstances justify use of a transaction to 
                provide an innovative business arrangement that would 
                not be feasible or appropriate under a contract; and
                    ``(B) the use of the authority of this section is 
                essential to promoting the success of the prototype 
                project.
            ``(5) Competitive procedure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To the maximum extent 
                practicable, the Administrator shall use competitive 
                procedures with respect to entering into a transaction 
                to carry out a prototype project.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Notwithstanding section 2304 of 
                title 10, United States Code, a follow-on production 
                contract may be awarded to the participants in the 
                prototype transaction without the use of competitive 
                procedures, if--
                            ``(i) competitive procedures were used for 
                        the selection of parties for participation in 
                        the prototype transaction; and
                            ``(ii) the participants in the transaction 
                        successfully completed the prototype project 
                        provided for in the transaction.
            ``(6) Cost share.--A transaction to carry out a prototype 
        project and a follow-on production contract may require that 
        part of the total cost of the transaction or contract be paid 
        by the participant or contractor from a source other than the 
        Federal Government.
            ``(7) Procurement ethics.--A transaction under this 
        authority shall be considered an agency procurement for 
        purposes of chapter 21 of title 41, United States Code, with 
        regard to procurement ethics.''.

SEC. 803. PROTECTION OF DATA AND INFORMATION FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE.

    (a) Certain Technical Data.--Section 20131 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d);
            (2) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``subsection (b)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (b) or (c)'';
            (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Special Handling of Certain Technical Data.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may provide 
        appropriate protections against the public dissemination of 
        certain technical data, including exemption from subchapter II 
        of chapter 5 of title 5.
            ``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Certain technical data.--The term `certain 
                technical data' means technical data that may not be 
                exported lawfully outside the United States without 
                approval, authorization, or license under--
                            ``(i) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 
                        (Public Law 115-232; 132 Stat. 2208); or
                            ``(ii) the International Security 
                        Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 
                        (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 729).
                    ``(B) Technical data.--The term `technical data' 
                means any blueprint, drawing, photograph, plan, 
                instruction, computer software, or documentation, or 
                any other technical information.'';
            (4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by inserting ``, 
        including any data,'' after ``information''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Exclusion From FOIA.--This section shall be considered a 
statute described in subsection (b)(3)(B) of section 552 of title 5 
(commonly referred to as the `Freedom of Information Act').''.
    (b) Certain Voluntarily Provided Safety-related Information.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall provide 
        appropriate safeguards against the public dissemination of 
        safety-related information collected as part of a mishap 
        investigation carried out under the NASA safety reporting 
        system or in conjunction with an organizational safety 
        assessment, if the Administrator makes a written determination, 
        including a justification of the determination, that--
                    (A)(i) disclosure of the information would inhibit 
                individuals from voluntarily providing safety-related 
                information; and
                    (ii) the ability of NASA to collect such 
                information improves the safety of NASA programs and 
                research relating to aeronautics and space; or
            (B) withholding such information from public disclosure 
        improves the safety of such NASA programs and research.
            (2) Other federal agencies.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of law, if the Administrator provides to the head of 
        another Federal agency safety-related information with respect 
        to which the Administrator has made a determination under 
        paragraph (1), the head of the Federal agency shall withhold 
        the information from public disclosure.
            (3) Public availability.--A determination or part of a 
        determination under paragraph (1) shall be made available to 
        the public on request, as required under section 552 of title 
        5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the ``Freedom of 
        Information Act'').
            (4) Exclusion from foia.--This subsection shall be 
        considered a statute described in subsection (b)(3)(B) of 
        section 552 of title 5, United States Code.

SEC. 804. PHYSICAL SECURITY MODERNIZATION.

    Chapter 201 of title 51, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 20133(2), by striking ``property'' and all 
        that follows through ``to the United States,'' and inserting 
        ``Administration personnel or of property owned or leased by, 
        or under the control of, the United States''; and
            (2) in section 20134, in the second sentence--
                    (A) by inserting ``Administration personnel or 
                any'' after ``protecting''; and
                    (B) by striking ``, at facilities owned or 
                contracted to the Administration''.

SEC. 805. LEASE OF NON-EXCESS PROPERTY.

    Section 20145 of title 51, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (b)(1)(B), by striking ``entered into for 
        the purpose of developing renewable energy production 
        facilities''; and
            (2) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by striking 
        ``December 31, 2021'' and inserting ``December 31, 2025''.

SEC. 806. CYBERSECURITY.

    (a) In General.--Section 20301 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Cybersecurity.--The Administrator shall update and improve 
the cybersecurity of NASA space assets and supporting 
infrastructure.''.
    (b) Security Operations Center.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Administrator shall maintain a 
        Security Operations Center, to identify and respond to 
        cybersecurity threats to NASA information technology systems, 
        including institutional systems and mission systems.
            (2) Inspector general recommendations.--The Administrator 
        shall implement, to the maximum extent practicable, each of the 
        recommendations contained in the report of the Inspector 
        General of NASA entitled ``Audit of NASA's Security Operations 
        Center'', issued on May 23, 2018.
    (c) Cyber Threat Hunt.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
        the Secretary of Homeland Security and the heads of other 
        relevant Federal agencies, may implement a cyber threat hunt 
        capability to proactively search NASA information systems for 
        advanced cyber threats that otherwise evade existing security 
        tools.
            (2) Threat-hunting process.--In carrying out paragraph (1), 
        the Administrator shall develop and document a threat-hunting 
        process, including the roles and responsibilities of 
        individuals conducting a cyber threat hunt.
    (d) GAO Priority Recommendations.--The Administrator shall 
implement, to the maximum extent practicable, the recommendations for 
NASA contained in the report of the Comptroller General of the United 
States entitled ``Information Security: Agencies Need to Improve 
Controls over Selected High-Impact Systems'', issued May 18, 2016, 
including--
            (1) re-evaluating security control assessments; and
            (2) specifying metrics for the continuous monitoring 
        strategy of the Administration.

SEC. 807. LIMITATION ON COOPERATION WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 
              CHINA.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided by subsection (b), the 
Administrator, the Director of the OSTP, and the Chair of the National 
Space Council, shall not--
            (1) develop, design, plan, promulgate, implement, or 
        execute a bilateral policy, program, order, or contract of any 
        kind to participate, collaborate, or coordinate bilaterally in 
        any manner with--
                    (A) the Government of the People's Republic of 
                China; or
                    (B) any company--
                            (i) owned by the Government of the People's 
                        Republic of China; or
                            (ii) incorporated under the laws of the 
                        People's Republic of China; and
            (2) host official visitors from the People's Republic of 
        China at a facility belonging to or used by NASA.
    (b) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, the Director, or the 
        Chair may waive the limitation under subsection (a) with 
        respect to an activity described in that subsection only if the 
        Administrator, the Director, or the Chair, as applicable, makes 
        a determination that the activity--
                    (A) does not pose a risk of a transfer of 
                technology, data, or other information with national 
                security or economic security implications to an entity 
                described in paragraph (1) of such subsection; and
                    (B) does not involve knowing interactions with 
                officials who have been determined by the United States 
                to have direct involvement with violations of human 
                rights.
            (2) Certification to congress.--Not later than 30 days 
        after the date on which a waiver is granted under paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator, the Director, or the Chair, as 
        applicable, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
        and Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and 
        the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
        a written certification that the activity complies with the 
        requirements in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of that paragraph.
    (c) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct a review of NASA contracts that may 
        subject the Administration to unacceptable transfers of 
        intellectual property or technology to any entity--
                    (A) owned or controlled (in whole or in part) by, 
                or otherwise affiliated with, the Government of the 
                People's Republic of China; or
                    (B) organized under, or otherwise subject to, the 
                laws of the People's Republic of China.
            (2) Elements.--The review required under paragraph (1) 
        shall assess--
                    (A) whether the Administrator is aware--
                            (i) of any NASA contractor that benefits 
                        from significant financial assistance from--
                                    (I) the Government of the People's 
                                Republic of China;
                                    (II) any entity controlled by the 
                                Government of the People's Republic of 
                                China; or
                                    (III) any other governmental entity 
                                of the People's Republic of China; and
                            (ii) that the Government of the People's 
                        Republic of China, or an entity controlled by 
                        the Government of the People's Republic of 
                        China, may be--
                                    (I) leveraging United States 
                                companies that share ownership with 
                                NASA contractors; or
                                    (II) obtaining intellectual 
                                property or technology illicitly or by 
                                other unacceptable means; and
                    (B) the steps the Administrator is taking to ensure 
                that--
                            (i) NASA contractors are not being 
                        leveraged (directly or indirectly) by the 
                        Government of the People's Republic of China or 
                        by an entity controlled by the Government of 
                        the People's Republic of China;
                            (ii) the intellectual property and 
                        technology of NASA contractors are adequately 
                        protected; and
                            (iii) NASA flight-critical components are 
                        not sourced from the People's Republic of China 
                        through any entity benefiting from Chinese 
                        investments, loans, or other assistance.
            (3) Recommendations.--The Comptroller General shall provide 
        to the Administrator recommendations for future NASA 
        contracting based on the results of the review.
            (4) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
        the Comptroller General completes the review, the Administrator 
        shall--
                    (A) develop a plan to implement the recommendations 
                of the Comptroller General; and
                    (B) submit the plan to the appropriate committees 
                of Congress.

SEC. 808. CONSIDERATION OF ISSUES RELATED TO CONTRACTING WITH ENTITIES 
              RECEIVING ASSISTANCE FROM OR AFFILIATED WITH THE PEOPLE'S 
              REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

    (a) In General.--With respect to a matter in response to a request 
for proposal or a broad area announcement by the Administrator, or 
award of any contract, agreement, or other transaction with the 
Administrator, a commercial or noncommercial entity shall certify that 
it is not majority owned or controlled (as defined in section 800.208 
of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations), or minority owned greater 
than 25 percent, by--
            (1) any governmental organization of the People's Republic 
        of China; or
            (2) any other entity that is--
                    (A) known to be owned or controlled by any 
                governmental organization of the People's Republic of 
                China; or
                    (B) organized under, or otherwise subject to, the 
                laws of the People's Republic of China.
    (b) False Statements.--
            (1) In general.--A false statement contained in a 
        certification under subsection (a) constitutes a false or 
        fraudulent claim for purposes of chapter 47 of title 18, United 
        States Code.
            (2) Action under federal acquisition regulation.--Any party 
        convicted for making a false statement with respect to a 
        certification under subsection (a) shall be subject to 
        debarment from contracting with the Administrator for a period 
        of not less than 1 year, as determined by the Administrator, in 
        addition to other appropriate action in accordance with the 
        Federal Acquisition Regulation maintained under section 
        1303(a)(1) of title 41, United States Code.
    (c) Annual Report.--The Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an annual report detailing any 
violation of this section.

SEC. 809. SMALL SATELLITE LAUNCH SERVICES PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to procure 
dedicated launch services, including from small and venture class 
launch providers, for small satellites, including CubeSats, for the 
purpose of conducting science and technology missions that further the 
goals of NASA.
    (b) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall engage with the academic community to 
maximize awareness and use of dedicated small satellite launch 
opportunities.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall prevent 
the Administrator from continuing to use a secondary payload of 
procured launch services for CubeSats.

SEC. 810. 21ST CENTURY SPACE LAUNCH INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall carry out a program to 
modernize multi-user launch infrastructure at NASA facilities--
            (1) to enhance safety; and
            (2) to advance Government and commercial space 
        transportation and exploration.
    (b) Projects.--Projects funded under the program under subsection 
(a) may include--
            (1) infrastructure relating to commodities;
            (2) standard interfaces to meet customer needs for multiple 
        payload processing and launch vehicle processing;
            (3) enhancements to range capacity and flexibility; and
            (4) such other projects as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate to meet the goals described in subsection (a).
    (c) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) identify and prioritize investments in projects that 
        can be used by multiple users and launch vehicles, including 
        non-NASA users and launch vehicles; and
            (2) limit investments to projects that would not otherwise 
        be funded by a NASA program, such as an institutional or 
        programmatic infrastructure program.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall preclude a 
NASA program, including the Space Launch System and Orion, from using 
the launch infrastructure modernized under this section.

SEC. 811. MISSIONS OF NATIONAL NEED.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the Sense of Congress that--
            (1) while certain space missions, such as asteroid 
        detection or space debris mitigation or removal missions, may 
        not provide the highest-value science, as determined by the 
        National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine 
        decadal surveys, such missions provide tremendous value to the 
        United States and the world; and
            (2) the current organizational and funding structure of 
        NASA has not prioritized the funding of missions of national 
        need.
    (b) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the OSTP shall conduct a 
        study on the manner in which NASA funds missions of national 
        need.
            (2) Matters to be included.--The study conducted under 
        paragraph (1) shall include the following:
                    (A) An identification and assessment of the types 
                of missions or technology development programs that 
                constitute missions of national need.
                    (B) An assessment of the manner in which such 
                missions are currently funded and managed by NASA.
                    (C) An analysis of the options for funding missions 
                of national need, including--
                            (i) structural changes required to allow 
                        NASA to fund such missions; and
                            (ii) an assessment of the capacity of other 
                        Federal agencies to make funds available for 
                        such missions.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the OSTP shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the study 
conducted under subsection (b), including recommendations for funding 
missions of national need.

SEC. 812. DRINKING WATER WELL REPLACEMENT FOR CHINCOTEAGUE, VIRGINIA.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the 5-year 
period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator may enter into 1 or more agreements with the town of 
Chincoteague, Virginia, to reimburse the town for costs that are 
directly associated with--
            (1) the removal of drinking water wells located on property 
        administered by the Administration; and
            (2) the relocation of such wells to property under the 
        administrative control, through lease, ownership, or easement, 
        of the town.

SEC. 813. PASSENGER CARRIER USE.

    Section 1344(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or'' after the 
        comma at the end; and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
            ``(C) necessary for post-flight transportation of United 
        States Government astronauts, and other astronauts subject to 
        reimbursable arrangements, returning from space for the 
        performance of medical research, monitoring, diagnosis, or 
        treatment, or other official duties, prior to receiving post-
        flight medical clearance to operate a motor vehicle,''.

SEC. 814. USE OF COMMERCIAL NEAR-SPACE BALLOONS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the use of 
an array of capabilities, including the use of commercially available 
near-space balloon assets, is in the best interest of the United 
States.
    (b) Use of Commercial Near-space Balloons.--The Administrator shall 
use commercially available balloon assets operating at near-space 
altitudes, to the maximum extent practicable, as part of a diverse set 
of capabilities to effectively and efficiently meet the goals of the 
Administration.

SEC. 815. PRESIDENT'S SPACE ADVISORY BOARD.

    Section 121 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101-611; 51 U.S.C. 
20111 note) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``users' advisory 
        group'' and inserting ``president's space advisory board''; and
            (2) by striking ``Users' Advisory Group'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``President's Space Advisory Board.''

SEC. 816. INITIATIVE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR NOISE AND EMISSIONS 
              REDUCTIONS.

    (a) Initiative Required.--Section 40112 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) as 
        subsections (c) through (g), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new 
        subsection (b):
    ``(b) Technologies for Noise and Emissions Reduction.--
            ``(1) Initiative required.--The Administrator shall 
        establish an initiative to build upon and accelerate previous 
        or ongoing work to develop and demonstrate new technologies, 
        including systems architecture, components, or integration of 
        systems and airframe structures, in electric aircraft 
        propulsion concepts that are capable of substantially reducing 
        both emissions and noise from aircraft.
            ``(2) Approach.--In carrying out the initiative, the 
        Administrator shall do the following:
                    ``(A) Continue and expand work of the 
                Administration on research, development, and 
                demonstration of electric aircraft concepts, and the 
                integration of such concepts.
                    ``(B) To the extent practicable, work with multiple 
                partners, including small businesses and new entrants, 
                on research and development activities related to 
                transport category aircraft.
                    ``(C) Provide guidance to the Federal Aviation 
                Administration on technologies developed and tested 
                pursuant to the initiative.''.
    (b) Reports.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter as a part of the 
Administration's budget submission, the Administrator shall submit a 
report to the appropriate committee of Congress on the progress of the 
work under the initiative required by subsection (b) of section 40112 
of title 51, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a) of this 
section), including an updated, anticipated timeframe for aircraft 
entering into service that produce 50 percent less noise and emissions 
than the highest performing aircraft in service as of December 31, 
2019.

SEC. 817. REMEDIATION OF SITES CONTAMINATED WITH TRICHLOROETHYLENE.

    (a) Identification of Sites.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall identify 
sites of the Administration contaminated with trichloroethylene.
    (b) Report Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes--
            (1) the recommendations of the Administrator for 
        remediating the sites identified under subsection (a) during 
        the 5-year period beginning on the date of the report; and
            (2) an estimate of the financial resources necessary to 
        implement those recommendations.

SEC. 818. REPORT ON MERITS AND OPTIONS FOR ESTABLISHING AN INSTITUTE 
              RELATING TO SPACE RESOURCES.

    (a) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the merits 
        of, and options for, establishing an institute relating to 
        space resources to advance the objectives of NASA in 
        maintaining United States preeminence in space described in 
        paragraph (3).
            (2) Matters to be included.--The report required by 
        paragraph (1) shall include an assessment by the Administrator 
        as to whether--
                    (A) a virtual or physical institute relating to 
                space resources is most cost effective and appropriate; 
                and
                    (B) partnering with institutions of higher 
                education and the aerospace industry, and the 
                extractive industry as appropriate, would be effective 
                in increasing information available to such an 
                institute with respect to advancing the objectives 
                described in paragraph (3).
            (3) Objectives.--The objectives described in this paragraph 
        are the following:
                    (A) Identifying, developing, and distributing space 
                resources, including by encouraging the development of 
                foundational science and technology.
                    (B) Reducing the technological risks associated 
                with identifying, developing, and distributing space 
                resources.
                    (C) Developing options for using space resources--
                            (i) to support current and future space 
                        architectures, programs, and missions; and
                            (ii) to enable architectures, programs, and 
                        missions that would not otherwise be possible.
            (4) Definitions.--In this section:
                    (A) Extractive industry.--The term ``extractive 
                industry'' means a company or individual involved in 
                the process of extracting (including mining, quarrying, 
                drilling, and dredging) space resources.
                    (B) Institution of higher education.--The term 
                ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning 
                given the term in section 101(a) of the Higher 
                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
                    (C) Space resource.--
                            (i) In general.--The term ``space 
                        resource'' means an abiotic resource in situ in 
                        outer space.
                            (ii) Inclusions.--The term ``space 
                        resource'' includes a raw material, a natural 
                        material, and an energy source.

SEC. 819. REPORT ON ESTABLISHING CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR SPACE WEATHER 
              TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing the potential 
benefits of establishing a NASA center of excellence for space weather 
technology.
    (b) Geographic Considerations.--In the report required by 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider the benefits of 
establishing the center of excellence described in that subsection in a 
geographic area--
            (1) in close proximity to--
                    (A) significant government-funded space weather 
                research activities; and
                    (B) institutions of higher education; and
            (2) where NASA may have been previously underrepresented.

SEC. 820. REVIEW ON PREFERENCE FOR DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the Sense of Congress that the 
Administration should, to the maximum extent practicable and with due 
consideration of foreign policy goals and obligations under Federal 
law--
            (1) use domestic suppliers of goods and services; and
            (2) ensure compliance with the Federal acquisition 
        regulations, including subcontract flow-down provisions.
    (b) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall undertake a 
        comprehensive review of the domestic supplier preferences of 
        the Administration and the obligations of the Administration 
        under the Federal acquisition regulations to ensure compliance, 
        particularly with respect to Federal acquisition regulations 
        provisions that apply to foreign-based subcontractors.
            (2) Elements.--The review under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) an assessment as to whether the Administration 
                has provided funding for infrastructure of a foreign-
                owned company or State-sponsored entity in recent 
                years; and
                    (B) a review of any impact such funding has had on 
                domestic service providers.
    (c) Report.--The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.

SEC. 821. REPORT ON UTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL SPACEPORTS LICENSED BY 
              FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the benefits of 
increased utilization of commercial spaceports licensed by the Federal 
Aviation Administration for NASA civil space missions and operations.
    (b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
            (1) A description and assessment of current utilization of 
        commercial spaceports licensed by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration for NASA civil space missions and operations.
            (2) A description and assessment of the benefits of 
        increased utilization of such spaceports for such missions and 
        operations.
            (3) A description and assessment of the steps necessary to 
        achieve increased utilization of such spaceports for such 
        missions and operations.

SEC. 822. ACTIVE ORBITAL DEBRIS MITIGATION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) orbital debris, particularly in low-Earth orbit, poses 
        a hazard to NASA missions, particularly human spaceflight; and
            (2) progress has been made on the development of guidelines 
        for long-term space sustainability through the United Nations 
        Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.
    (b) Requirements.--The Administrator should--
            (1) ensure the policies and standard practices of NASA meet 
        or exceed international guidelines for spaceflight safety; and
            (2) support the development of orbital debris mitigation 
        technologies through continued research and development of 
        concepts.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status of 
implementing subsection (b).

SEC. 823. STUDY ON COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) enhancing the ability of researchers to conduct and 
        interact with experiments while in flight would make huge 
        advancements in the overall profitability of conducting 
        research on suborbit and low-Earth orbit payloads; and
            (2) current NASA communications do not allow for real-time 
        data collection, observation, or transmission of information.
    (b) Study.--The Administrator shall conduct a study on the 
feasibility, impact, and cost of using commercial communications 
programs services for suborbital flight programs and low-Earth orbit 
research.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress and 
make publicly available a report that describes the results of the 
study conducted under subsection (b).

            Passed the Senate December 18, 2020.

            Attest:

                                                             Secretary.
116th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                                S. 2800

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT

      To authorize programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.