[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2687 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2687

 To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Federal Water Pollution 
Control Act to establish pilot programs to assist low-income households 
 in maintaining access to sanitation services and drinking water, and 
                          for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            October 23, 2019

Mr. Cardin (for himself and Mr. Wicker) introduced the following bill; 
 which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and 
                              Public Works

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Federal Water Pollution 
Control Act to establish pilot programs to assist low-income households 
 in maintaining access to sanitation services and drinking water, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Low-Income Water Customer Assistance 
Programs Act of 2019''.

SEC. 2. LOW-INCOME DRINKING WATER ASSISTANCE PILOT PROGRAM.

    Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1459E. LOW-INCOME DRINKING WATER ASSISTANCE PILOT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means a 
        municipality or public entity that owns or operates a community 
        water system.
            ``(2) Household.--The term `household' means any individual 
        or group of individuals who are living together as 1 economic 
        unit.
            ``(3) Low-income household.--The term `low-income 
        household' means a household--
                    ``(A) in which one or more individuals are 
                receiving--
                            ``(i) assistance under a State program 
                        funded under part A of title IV of the Social 
                        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
                            ``(ii) supplemental security income 
                        payments under title XVI of the Social Security 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.);
                            ``(iii) supplemental nutrition assistance 
                        program benefits under the Food and Nutrition 
                        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or
                            ``(iv) payments under--
                                    ``(I) section 1315, 1521, 1541, or 
                                1542 of title 38, United States Code; 
                                or
                                    ``(II) section 306 of the Veterans' 
                                and Survivors' Pension Improvement Act 
                                of 1978 (38 U.S.C. 1521 note; Public 
                                Law 95-588); or
                    ``(B) that has an income that, as determined by the 
                State in which the household is located, does not 
                exceed the greater of--
                            ``(i) an amount equal to 150 percent of the 
                        poverty level; and
                            ``(ii) an amount equal to 60 percent of the 
                        State median income for that State.
            ``(4) Poverty level.--The term `poverty level' means, with 
        respect to a household in a State, the income poverty 
        guidelines for the nonfarm population of the United States, as 
        prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget, as 
        applicable to the State.
            ``(5) Small community-serving eligible entity.--The term 
        `small community-serving eligible entity' means an eligible 
        entity that provides drinking water services to a city, county, 
        or municipality with a population of fewer than 10,000 
        residents, at least 20 percent of whom are at or below the 
        Federal poverty level.
            ``(6) State median income.--The term `State median income' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 2603 of Public Law 
        97-35 (42 U.S.C. 8622).
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        pilot program to award grants to not fewer than 32 eligible 
        entities in accordance with paragraph (2) to develop and 
        implement programs to assist low-income households in 
        maintaining access to affordable drinking water.
            ``(2) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall award 
                grants under the pilot program described in paragraph 
                (1) to--
                            ``(i) not fewer than 8 eligible entities 
                        that provide drinking water services to a 
                        population of 1,000,000 or more residents;
                            ``(ii) not fewer than 8 eligible entities 
                        that provide drinking water services to a 
                        population of 100,000 or more, but fewer than 
                        1,000,000, residents;
                            ``(iii) not fewer than 8 eligible entities 
                        that provide drinking water services to a 
                        population of 10,000 or more, but fewer than 
                        100,000, residents;
                            ``(iv) subject, as applicable, to 
                        subparagraph (B), not fewer than 8 eligible 
                        entities that provide drinking water services 
                        to a population of fewer than 10,000 residents; 
                        and
                            ``(v) not more than 2 eligible entities in 
                        each State.
                    ``(B) Small community-serving eligible entities.--
                To be eligible to receive a grant under the pilot 
                program under this subsection, a small community-
                serving eligible entity shall enter into a memorandum 
                of understanding with the State in which the small 
                community-serving eligible entity is located, under 
                which the State shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Administrator an 
                        application under paragraph (6) on behalf of 
                        the small community-serving eligible entity; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) on receipt of a grant under the 
                        pilot program, administer the low-income 
                        household assistance program developed by the 
                        small community-serving eligible entity.
            ``(3) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) Use.--A grant awarded under the pilot 
                program--
                            ``(i) shall not be used to replace funds 
                        for any existing similar program; but
                            ``(ii) may be used to supplement or enhance 
                        an existing program.
                    ``(B) Grants under multiple programs.--An eligible 
                entity--
                            ``(i) may apply for a grant under the pilot 
                        program and under the low-income wastewater 
                        assistance pilot program established under 
                        section 124(b)(1) of the Federal Water 
                        Pollution Control Act; but
                            ``(ii) may be awarded a grant under only 1 
                        of the programs described in clause (i).
            ``(4) Term.--The term of a grant awarded under the pilot 
        program shall be 5 years.
            ``(5) Minimum program requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this section, the Administrator 
                shall develop, in consultation with all relevant 
                stakeholders, the minimum requirements for a program 
                carried out by an eligible entity (or a State, on 
                behalf of a small community-serving eligible entity) 
                using a grant under this subsection.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The program requirements 
                developed under subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) direct financial assistance;
                            ``(ii) a lifeline rate;
                            ``(iii) bill discounting;
                            ``(iv) special hardship provisions;
                            ``(v) a percentage-of-income payment plan; 
                        or
                            ``(vi) water efficiency assistance, 
                        including direct installation of water 
                        efficient fixtures and leak repair, which may 
                        be completed through a contracted third party.
                    ``(C) Assistance exempt from taxation.--
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, assistance 
                provided to a low-income household under a program 
                carried out by an eligible entity (or a State, on 
                behalf of a small community-serving eligible entity) 
                using a grant under this subsection shall be exempt 
                from income tax under the Internal Revenue Code of 
                1986.
            ``(6) Application.--To receive a grant under this 
        subsection, an eligible entity (or a State, on behalf of a 
        small community-serving eligible entity) shall submit to the 
        Administrator an application that demonstrates that--
                    ``(A) the proposed program of the eligible entity 
                or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                applicable, meets the requirements developed under 
                paragraph (5)(A);
                    ``(B) the proposed program of the eligible entity 
                or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                applicable, will treat owners and renters equitably;
                    ``(C) the eligible entity or small community-
                serving eligible entity, as applicable, has, to fund 
                the activities necessary to achieve or maintain 
                compliance with this Act--
                            ``(i) a long-term financial plan based on a 
                        rate analysis;
                            ``(ii) an asset management plan;
                            ``(iii) a capital improvement plan with a 
                        period of not less than 20 years;
                            ``(iv) a fiscal management plan; or
                            ``(v) another plan similar to the plans 
                        described in clauses (i) through (iv);
                    ``(D) a grant awarded under this subsection would 
                support the efforts of the eligible entity or the small 
                community-serving entity, as applicable, to generate 
                the necessary funds to achieve or maintain compliance 
                with this title while mitigating the cost to low-income 
                households; and
                    ``(E) the eligible entity or the small community-
                serving entity, as applicable, has the capacity to 
                create and implement an effective community outreach 
                plan to inform eligible customers of the program and 
                assist with enrollment.
            ``(7) Priority.--In awarding grants under this subsection, 
        the Administrator shall give priority to eligible entities or 
        small community-serving eligible entities, as applicable--
                    ``(A) that--
                            ``(i) in addition to owning or operating 
                        community water systems, own or operate one or 
                        more--
                                    ``(I) publicly owned treatment 
                                works (as defined in section 212 of the 
                                Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 
                                U.S.C. 1292));
                                    ``(II) municipal wastewater 
                                treatment systems; or
                                    ``(III) municipal separate 
                                stormwater sewer systems; and
                            ``(ii) are subject to consent decrees 
                        relating to compliance with the Federal Water 
                        Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) 
                        for a facility described in clause (i);
                    ``(B) the residential customers of which have 
                experienced rate or fee increases for wastewater, 
                stormwater, or drinking water services that is greater 
                than or equal to 30 percent during the 3-year period 
                ending on the date of enactment of this section; or
                    ``(C) that--
                            ``(i) develop an equivalent program, as 
                        determined by the Administrator, that is 
                        administered separately by the eligible entity 
                        or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                        applicable; or
                            ``(ii) provide matching funds equal to or 
                        greater than the amount of the grant from--
                                    ``(I) the applicable State or unit 
                                of local government; or
                                    ``(II) a State-sponsored nonprofit 
                                organization or private entity.
            ``(8) Lower income limit.--For purposes of this section, an 
        eligible entity (or a State, on behalf of a small community-
        serving eligible entity) may adopt an income limit that is 
        lower than the limit described in subsection (a)(3)(B), except 
        that the eligible entity or State, respectively, may not 
        exclude a household from eligibility in a fiscal year based 
        solely on household income if that income is less than 110 
        percent of the poverty level.
            ``(9) Reporting requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In addition to any other 
                applicable Federal or agency-specific grant reporting 
                requirements, as a condition of receiving a grant under 
                this subsection, an eligible entity (or a State, on 
                behalf of a small community-serving eligible entity) 
                shall submit to the Administrator an annual report that 
                summarizes, in a manner determined by the 
                Administrator, the low-income household assistance 
                program developed by the eligible entity or small 
                community-serving eligible entity, as applicable, using 
                the grant, including--
                            ``(i) key features, including rate 
                        structures, rebates, discounts, and related 
                        initiatives that assist households, including--
                                    ``(I) budget billing;
                                    ``(II) bill timing; and
                                    ``(III) pretermination protections;
                            ``(ii) sources of funding;
                            ``(iii) eligibility criteria;
                            ``(iv) participation rates by eligible 
                        households;
                            ``(v) the monetary benefit per participant;
                            ``(vi) program costs;
                            ``(vii) the demonstrable impacts of the 
                        program on arrearage and service disconnection 
                        for residential customers, based on data from 
                        before and after the implementation of the 
                        pilot program, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable;
                            ``(viii) the outreach and stakeholder 
                        process used by the eligible entity or small 
                        community-serving eligible entity, as 
                        applicable, to design the program, including--
                                    ``(I) the selection process for any 
                                stakeholder committee members; and
                                    ``(II) the number and location of 
                                community outreach events;
                            ``(ix) the methods used to enroll 
                        customers, including the outreach plan and the 
                        status of implementation of that outreach plan; 
                        and
                            ``(x) other relevant information required 
                        by the Administrator.
                    ``(B) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish 
                each report submitted under subparagraph (A).
    ``(c) Technical Assistance.--The Administrator shall provide 
technical assistance to each eligible entity, and each State, on behalf 
of a small community-serving eligible entity, that receives a grant 
under this section to ensure--
            ``(1) full implementation of the pilot program; and
            ``(2) maximum enrollment of low-income households, 
        including through--
                    ``(A) community outreach campaigns;
                    ``(B) coordination with local health departments to 
                determine the eligibility of households for assistance; 
                or
                    ``(C) a combination of the campaigns and 
                coordination described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    ``(d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which grant 
funds are first disbursed to an eligible entity (or a State, on behalf 
of a small community-serving eligible entity) under this section, and 
every year thereafter for the duration of the terms of the grants, the 
Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the 
pilot program established under this section.''.

SEC. 3. LOW-INCOME WASTEWATER ASSISTANCE PILOT PROGRAM.

    Title I of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 124. LOW-INCOME WASTEWATER ASSISTANCE PILOT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a municipality or public entity that owns or 
                operates--
                            ``(i) a publicly owned treatment works;
                            ``(ii) a municipal wastewater treatment 
                        system; or
                            ``(iii) a municipal separate stormwater 
                        sewer system; and
                    ``(B) 2 or more municipalities or public entities 
                described in subparagraph (A) that have entered into a 
                partnership agreement or a cooperative agreement.
            ``(2) Household.--The term `household' means any individual 
        or group of individuals who are living together as 1 economic 
        unit.
            ``(3) Low-income household.--The term `low-income 
        household' means a household--
                    ``(A) in which one or more individuals are 
                receiving--
                            ``(i) assistance under a State program 
                        funded under part A of title IV of the Social 
                        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
                            ``(ii) supplemental security income 
                        payments under title XVI of the Social Security 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.);
                            ``(iii) supplemental nutrition assistance 
                        program benefits under the Food and Nutrition 
                        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or
                            ``(iv) payments under--
                                    ``(I) section 1315, 1521, 1541, or 
                                1542 of title 38, United States Code; 
                                or
                                    ``(II) section 306 of the Veterans' 
                                and Survivors' Pension Improvement Act 
                                of 1978 (38 U.S.C. 1521 note; Public 
                                Law 95-588); or
                    ``(B) that has an income that, as determined by the 
                State in which the household is located, does not 
                exceed the greater of--
                            ``(i) an amount equal to 150 percent of the 
                        poverty level; and
                            ``(ii) an amount equal to 60 percent of the 
                        State median income for that State.
            ``(4) Poverty level.--The term `poverty level' means, with 
        respect to a household in a State, the income poverty 
        guidelines for the nonfarm population of the United States, as 
        prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget, as 
        applicable to the State.
            ``(5) Small community-serving eligible entity.--The term 
        `small community-serving eligible entity' means an eligible 
        entity that provides wastewater or municipal stormwater 
        services to a city, county, or municipality with a population 
        of fewer than 10,000 residents, at least 20 percent of whom are 
        at or below the Federal poverty level.
            ``(6) State median income.--The term `State median income' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 2603 of Public Law 
        97-35 (42 U.S.C. 8622).
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        pilot program to award grants to not fewer than 32 eligible 
        entities in accordance with paragraph (2) to develop and 
        implement programs to assist low-income households in 
        maintaining access to affordable wastewater or municipal 
        stormwater services.
            ``(2) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall award 
                grants under the pilot program described in paragraph 
                (1) to--
                            ``(i) not fewer than 8 eligible entities 
                        that provide wastewater services, stormwater 
                        services, or both to a population of 1,000,000 
                        or more residents;
                            ``(ii) not fewer than 8 eligible entities 
                        that provide wastewater services, stormwater 
                        services, or both to a population of 100,000 or 
                        more, but fewer than 1,000,000, residents;
                            ``(iii) not fewer than 8 eligible entities 
                        that provide wastewater services, stormwater 
                        services, or both to a population of 10,000 or 
                        more, but fewer than 100,000, residents;
                            ``(iv) subject, as applicable, to 
                        subparagraph (B), not fewer than 8 eligible 
                        entities that provide wastewater services, 
                        stormwater services, or both to a population of 
                        fewer than 10,000 residents; and
                            ``(v) not more than 2 eligible entities in 
                        each State.
                    ``(B) Small community-serving eligible entities.--
                To be eligible to receive a grant under the pilot 
                program under this subsection, a small community-
                serving eligible entity shall enter into a memorandum 
                of understanding with the State in which the small 
                community-serving eligible entity is located, under 
                which the State shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Administrator an 
                        application under paragraph (6) on behalf of 
                        the small community-serving eligible entity; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) on receipt of a grant under the 
                        pilot program, administer the low-income 
                        household assistance program developed by the 
                        small community-serving eligible entity.
            ``(3) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) Use.--A grant awarded under the pilot 
                program--
                            ``(i) shall not be used to replace funds 
                        for any existing similar program; but
                            ``(ii) may be used to supplement or enhance 
                        an existing program.
                    ``(B) Grants under multiple programs.--An eligible 
                entity--
                            ``(i) may apply for a grant under the pilot 
                        program and under the low-income drinking water 
                        assistance pilot program established under 
                        section 1459E(b)(1) of the Safe Drinking Water 
                        Act; but
                            ``(ii) may be awarded a grant under only 1 
                        of the programs described in clause (i).
            ``(4) Term.--The term of a grant awarded under the pilot 
        program shall be 5 years.
            ``(5) Minimum program requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this section, the Administrator 
                shall develop, in consultation with all relevant 
                stakeholders, the minimum requirements for a program to 
                be carried out by an eligible entity (or a State, on 
                behalf of a small community-serving eligible entity) 
                using a grant under this subsection.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The program requirements 
                developed under subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) direct financial assistance;
                            ``(ii) a lifeline rate;
                            ``(iii) bill discounting;
                            ``(iv) special hardship provisions;
                            ``(v) a percentage-of-income payment plan; 
                        or
                            ``(vi) water efficiency assistance, 
                        including direct installation of water 
                        efficient fixtures and leak repair, which may 
                        be completed through a contracted third party.
                    ``(C) Assistance exempt from taxation.--
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, assistance 
                provided to a low-income household under a program 
                carried out by an eligible entity (or a State, on 
                behalf of a small community-serving eligible entity) 
                using a grant under this subsection shall be exempt 
                from income tax under the Internal Revenue Code of 
                1986.
            ``(6) Application.--To receive a grant under this 
        subsection, an eligible entity (or a State, on behalf of a 
        small community-serving eligible entity) shall submit to the 
        Administrator an application that demonstrates that--
                    ``(A) the proposed program of the eligible entity 
                or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                applicable, meets the requirements developed under 
                paragraph (5)(A);
                    ``(B) the proposed program of the eligible entity 
                or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                applicable, will treat owners and renters equitably;
                    ``(C) the eligible entity or small community-
                serving eligible entity, as applicable, has, to fund 
                the activities necessary to achieve or maintain 
                compliance with this Act--
                            ``(i) a long-term financial plan based on a 
                        rate analysis;
                            ``(ii) an asset management plan;
                            ``(iii) a capital improvement plan with a 
                        period of not less than 20 years;
                            ``(iv) a fiscal management plan; or
                            ``(v) another plan similar to the plans 
                        described in clauses (i) through (iv);
                    ``(D) a grant awarded under this subsection would 
                support the efforts of the eligible entity or the small 
                community-serving entity, as applicable, to generate 
                the necessary funds to achieve or maintain compliance 
                with this title while mitigating the cost to low-income 
                households; and
                    ``(E) the eligible entity or the small community-
                serving entity, as applicable, has the capacity to 
                create and implement an effective community outreach 
                plan to inform eligible customers of the program and 
                assist with enrollment.
            ``(7) Priority.--In awarding grants under this subsection, 
        the Administrator shall give priority to eligible entities or 
        small community-serving eligible entities, as applicable--
                    ``(A) that are affected by consent decrees relating 
                to compliance with this Act;
                    ``(B) the residential customers of the eligible 
                entity or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                applicable, have experienced a rate or fee increase for 
                wastewater, stormwater, or drinking water services that 
                is greater than or equal to 30 percent during the 3-
                year period ending on the date of enactment of this 
                section;
                    ``(C) that--
                            ``(i) develop an equivalent program, as 
                        determined by the Administrator, that is 
                        administered separately by the eligible entity 
                        or small community-serving eligible entity, as 
                        applicable; or
                            ``(ii) provide matching funds equal to or 
                        greater than the amount of the grant from--
                                    ``(I) the applicable State or unit 
                                of local government; or
                                    ``(II) a State-sponsored nonprofit 
                                organization or private entity; or
                    ``(D) that are described in subsection (a)(1)(B).
            ``(8) Lower income limit.--For purposes of this section, an 
        eligible entity (or a State, on behalf of a small community-
        serving eligible entity) may adopt an income limit that is 
        lower than the limit described in subsection (a)(3)(B), except 
        that the eligible entity or State, respectively, may not 
        exclude a household from eligibility in a fiscal year based 
        solely on household income if that income is less than 110 
        percent of the poverty level.
            ``(9) Reporting requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In addition to any other 
                applicable Federal or agency-specific grant reporting 
                requirements, as a condition of receiving a grant under 
                this subsection, an eligible entity (or a State, on 
                behalf of a small community-serving eligible entity) 
                shall submit to the Administrator an annual report that 
                summarizes, in a manner determined by the 
                Administrator, the low-income household assistance 
                program developed by the eligible entity or small 
                community-serving eligible entity, as applicable, using 
                the grant amount, including--
                            ``(i) key features, including rate 
                        structures, rebates, discounts, and related 
                        initiatives that assist households, including--
                                    ``(I) budget billing;
                                    ``(II) bill timing; and
                                    ``(III) pretermination protections;
                            ``(ii) sources of funding;
                            ``(iii) eligibility criteria;
                            ``(iv) participation rates by eligible 
                        households;
                            ``(v) the monetary benefit per participant;
                            ``(vi) program costs;
                            ``(vii) the demonstrable impacts of the 
                        program on arrearage and service disconnection 
                        for residential customers, based on data from 
                        before and after the implementation of the 
                        pilot program, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable;
                            ``(viii) the outreach and stakeholder 
                        process used by the eligible entity or small 
                        community-serving eligible entity, as 
                        applicable, to design the program, including--
                                    ``(I) the selection process for any 
                                stakeholder committee members; and
                                    ``(II) the number and location of 
                                community outreach events;
                            ``(ix) the methods used to enroll 
                        customers, including the outreach plan and the 
                        status of implementation of that outreach plan; 
                        and
                            ``(x) other relevant information required 
                        by the Administrator.
                    ``(B) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish 
                each report submitted under subparagraph (A).
    ``(c) Technical Assistance.--The Administrator shall provide 
technical assistance to each eligible entity, and each State, on behalf 
of a small community-serving eligible entity, that receives a grant 
under this section to ensure--
            ``(1) full implementation of the pilot program; and
            ``(2) maximum enrollment of low-income households, 
        including through--
                    ``(A) community outreach campaigns;
                    ``(B) coordination with local health departments to 
                determine the eligibility of households for assistance; 
                or
                    ``(C) a combination of the campaigns and 
                coordination described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    ``(d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which grant 
funds are first disbursed to an eligible entity (or a State, on behalf 
of a small community-serving eligible entity) under this section, and 
every year thereafter for the duration of the terms of the grants, the 
Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the 
pilot program established under this section.''.

SEC. 4. NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR NATIONWIDE RURAL AND URBAN LOW-INCOME 
              COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
            (2) Low-income household.--The term ``low-income 
        household'' means a household--
                    (A) in which one or more individuals are 
                receiving--
                            (i) assistance under a State program funded 
                        under part A of title IV of the Social Security 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
                            (ii) supplemental security income payments 
                        under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 
                        U.S.C. 1381 et seq.);
                            (iii) supplemental nutrition assistance 
                        program benefits under the Food and Nutrition 
                        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or
                            (iv) payments under--
                                    (I) section 1315, 1521, 1541, or 
                                1542 of title 38, United States Code; 
                                or
                                    (II) section 306 of the Veterans' 
                                and Survivors' Pension Improvement Act 
                                of 1978 (38 U.S.C. 1521 note; Public 
                                Law 95-588); or
                    (B) that has an income that, as determined by the 
                State in which the household is located, does not 
                exceed the greater of--
                            (i) an amount equal to 150 percent of the 
                        poverty level; and
                            (ii) an amount equal to 60 percent of the 
                        State median income for that State.
            (3) Poverty level.--The term ``poverty level'' means, with 
        respect to a household in a State, the income poverty 
        guidelines for the nonfarm population of the United States, as 
        prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget, as 
        applicable to the State.
            (4) State median income.--The term ``State median income'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 2603 of Public Law 
        97-35 (42 U.S.C. 8622).
    (b) Study; Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall conduct, and 
        submit to Congress a report describing the results of, a study 
        regarding the prevalence throughout the United States of low-
        income households that do not have access to--
                    (A) affordable and functional centralized or onsite 
                wastewater services that protect the health of 
                individuals in the households;
                    (B) affordable municipal stormwater services; or
                    (C) affordable public drinking water services to 
                meet household needs.
            (2) Inclusions.--The report under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) recommendations of the Administrator regarding 
                the best methods to increase access to affordable and 
                functional centralized and onsite wastewater, 
                stormwater, and drinking water services;
                    (B) a description of the cost of each method 
                described in subparagraph (A);
                    (C) with respect to the development of the report, 
                a consultation with all relevant stakeholders; and
                    (D) a description of the results of the study with 
                respect to low-income renters who do not receive bills 
                for wastewater, stormwater, and drinking water services 
                but pay for the services indirectly through rent 
                payments.
            (3) Agreements.--The Administrator may enter into an 
        agreement with another Federal agency to carry out the study 
        under paragraph (1).
                                 <all>