[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2641 Reported in Senate (RS)]

<DOC>





                                                       Calendar No. 327
116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2641

 To promote United States national security and prevent the resurgence 
                    of ISIS, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            October 17, 2019

    Mr. Risch (for himself, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Jones, Mr. 
 Gardner, Mr. Barrasso, Mr. Portman, Ms. Duckworth, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. 
 Kaine, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Coons, Mr. Whitehouse, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Peters, 
Mr. Isakson, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Casey, and Mr. Warner) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                           Foreign Relations

                           December 12, 2019

                Reported by Mr. Risch, with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To promote United States national security and prevent the resurgence 
                    of ISIS, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Promoting 
American National Security and Preventing the Resurgence of ISIS Act of 
2019''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act 
is as follows:</DELETED>

<DELETED>Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
             <DELETED>TITLE I--PROMOTING STABILITY IN SYRIA

<DELETED>Sec. 101. Appropriate congressional committees defined.
<DELETED>Sec. 102. Findings.
<DELETED>Sec. 103. Sense of Congress.
<DELETED>Sec. 104. Strategy to prevent the resurgence of the Islamic 
                            State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS) and its 
                            affiliates.
<DELETED>Sec. 105. Briefings on Turkish incursion into Northeast Syria.
<DELETED>Sec. 106. Humanitarian assistance to the people of Syria.
<DELETED>Sec. 107. Report on accountability for violations of 
                            international law, including war crimes, 
                            and other harm to civilians in Syria during 
                            the Turkish incursion.
<DELETED>Sec. 108. Restriction on arms sales to Turkey.
<DELETED>Sec. 109. Opposition to loans from international financial 
                            institutions that benefit the Government of 
                            Turkey.
<DELETED>Sec. 110. Statement of policy on denouncing targeting of 
                            Kurdish minority at the United Nations.
<DELETED>Sec. 111. Participation of Turkey in NATO.
<DELETED>Sec. 112. Report on net worth of President Recep Tayyip 
                            Erdogan.
           <DELETED>TITLE II--KURDISH REFUGEE CRISIS IN SYRIA

<DELETED>Sec. 201. Findings.
<DELETED>Sec. 202. United States refugee program priorities.
                     <DELETED>TITLE III--SANCTIONS

<DELETED>Sec. 301. Definitions.
<DELETED>Sec. 302. Imposition of sanctions with respect to senior 
                            officials of the Government of Turkey.
<DELETED>Sec. 303. Imposition of sanctions with respect to foreign 
                            persons providing arms to Turkish forces in 
                            Syria.
<DELETED>Sec. 304. Imposition of sanctions with respect to financial 
                            institutions that facilitate transactions 
                            for Turkish Armed Forces.
<DELETED>Sec. 305. Imposition of CAATSA section 231 sanctions against 
                            Turkey.
<DELETED>Sec. 306. Imposition of sanctions with respect to support by 
                            the Russian Federation for the Assad 
                            regime.
<DELETED>Sec. 307. Sanctions described.
<DELETED>Sec. 308. Implementation; regulations; penalties.
               <DELETED>TITLE IV--TERMINATION PROVISIONS

<DELETED>Sec. 401. Appropriate congressional committees defined.
<DELETED>Sec. 402. Termination of certain requirements.
<DELETED>Sec. 403. Humanitarian waiver.
<DELETED>Sec. 404. Sunset.

        <DELETED>TITLE I--PROMOTING STABILITY IN SYRIA</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 101. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
              DEFINED.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    In this title, the term ``appropriate congressional 
committees'' means--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
        Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
        Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 102. FINDINGS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Congress makes the following findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) have fought 
        on the frontlines against the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham 
        (ISIS), in close partnership with the United States and United 
        States allies.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) While territorial gains have been made, the 
        Department of Defense, as of August 2019, estimates that ISIS 
        likely retains between 14,000 and 18,000 ``members'' in Iraq 
        and Syria, including up to 3,000 foreigners.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Since 2015, the United States Government has 
        deployed members of the United States Armed Forces to Syria for 
        the purpose of the counter-ISIS campaign, in an advise, assist, 
        and accompany role, working closely with the SDF.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) The congressionally mandated Syria Study Group 
        in September 2019 found, ``Although the United States military 
        mission in Syria is often lumped together with the Iraq and 
        Afghanistan missions in the `forever war' category, the Syria 
        case offers a different, and far less costly, model. A small 
        United States military footprint, supported by United States 
        air power and other high-end capabilities, reinforced by a 
        global coalition of like-minded allies and partners, rallied a 
        local partner force many times its size to liberate territory 
        from a terrorist group.''</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) According to the Department of Defense, as of 
        August 2019, the SDF continued to hold about 10,000 ISIS 
        fighters in detention centers in Northeast Syria this quarter. 
        Of these, approximately 2,000 are foreigners from more than 50 
        countries. The remaining 8,000 are Iraqi and Syrian.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) In August 2019, the United States Government 
        and the Government of Turkey began implementing a security 
        mechanism to address legitimate Turkish security concerns along 
        the Turkish Syrian border in which United States and Turkey 
        established a Combined Joint Operations Center and the SDF 
        withdrew forces from certain areas.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) On October 9, 2019, Turkish military units 
        began operations in Syrian territory.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) On October 13, 2019, the SDF announced a deal 
        with President of Syria Bashar al-Assad's regime that would 
        allow government forces to enter the Kurdish-controlled areas 
        of Northeast Syria for the first time in years.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) On October 14, 2019, the governing coalition 
        of the Kurdish self-administered region in Northeast Syria 
        announced that they were finalizing a Memorandum of 
        Understanding with Russia.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (10) On October 14, 2019, the European Union 
        unanimously announced that it would suspend weapons exports to 
        Turkey in condemnation of their military action against 
        Syria.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 103. SENSE OF CONGRESS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the United States and Turkey have been treaty 
        allies since 1952, when Turkey became a member of the North 
        Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO);</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) being a NATO member means that Turkey is 
        treaty bound to safeguard the principles of democracy, 
        individual liberty, and the rule of law, and importantly, 
        should be united with other NATO allies in efforts for 
        collective defense and the preservation of peace and 
        security;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Turkey's military invasion of Northeast Syria 
        is an unacceptable and unnecessary escalation of tensions with 
        the potential to cause a severe humanitarian crisis and undo 
        the collective gains made in the fight against the Islamic 
        State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) by the United States and the 81 
        countries and organizations of the Global Coalition to Defeat 
        ISIS, including NATO and the European Union (EU);</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Turkey should immediately cease attacks 
        against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and recall its 
        forces back to Turkey;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) targeted sanctions against Turkey are an 
        appropriate response in order for Turkey to be held accountable 
        for its military offensive in Northeast Syria;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) Turkey's military invasion into Northeast 
        Syria is the latest example of the weakening and problematic 
        United States-Turkey bilateral relationship and undermines the 
        security of the United States and its NATO allies, including 
        that of Turkey;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) the SDF have been critical partners to United 
        States and allied counter-ISIS and broader counterterrorism 
        efforts in Syria, and the United States should continue this 
        partnership with the SDF;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) the United States Government should utilize 
        diplomatic and military tools to ensure the enduring defeat of 
        ISIS;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) the United States should stand by critical 
        allies and partners;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (10) Russian and Iranian political and military 
        influence in Syria present a threat to United States national 
        security interests; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (11) the United States Government, in concert with 
        the international community, should hold accountable members of 
        the Syrian regime and the Governments of the Russian Federation 
        and Iran for atrocities against the Syrian people.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 104. STRATEGY TO PREVENT THE RESURGENCE OF THE ISLAMIC 
              STATE OF IRAQ AND AL-SHAM (ISIS) AND ITS 
              AFFILIATES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Strategy Required.--Not later than 60 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense, and the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development, in consultation 
with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall jointly 
develop and submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
strategy to prevent the resurgence of ISIS in Iraq and Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Elements of the Strategy.--The strategy required under 
subsection (a) shall include the following elements:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) A summary of the United States national 
        security interests in Iraq and Syria and the impact a 
        resurgence of ISIS would have on those interests.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) A comprehensive assessment of current training 
        and support programs by agency or department, specifically 
        focused on countering ISIS and other terrorist organizations, 
        including non-lethal assistance, training, and organizational 
        capacity for the SDF, the Iraqi Security Forces, the Kurdish 
        Peshmerga, and others to counter gains by ISIS and its 
        affiliates.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) A detailed description of United States 
        Government efforts to support, develop, and expand local 
        governance structures in areas in Syria previously liberated 
        from ISIS control.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) An estimate of the number of current, active 
        ISIS members in Iraq and Syria, including an assessment of 
        those being held in detainee camps or prisons.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) A comprehensive plan to address ISIS detainees 
        currently being held in Syria and Iraq, including--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) the designation of an existing 
                official within the Department of State to serve as a 
                senior-level coordinator to coordinate, in conjunction 
                with the lead and other relevant agencies, all matters 
                for the United States Government relating to the long-
                term disposition of ISIS fighter detainees, including 
                all matters in connection with--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) repatriation, transfer, 
                        prosecution, and intelligence 
                        gathering;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) coordinating a whole-of-
                        government approach with other countries and 
                        international organizations, including 
                        INTERPOL, to ensure secure chains of custody 
                        and locations of ISIS foreign terrorist fighter 
                        detainees;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) coordinating technical and 
                        evidentiary assistance to foreign countries to 
                        aid in the successful prosecution of ISIS 
                        foreign terrorist fighter detainees; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iv) all multilateral and 
                        international engagements led by the Department 
                        of State and other agencies that are related to 
                        the current and future handling, detention, and 
                        prosecution of ISIS foreign terrorist fighter 
                        detainees; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) engagement with international partners 
                on legal, tenable mechanisms for repatriating foreign 
                fighters.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) A description, which may be in classified 
        form, of ISIS senior leadership and infrastructure and efforts 
        to target leadership figures.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) A comprehensive description of United States 
        activities utilizing social media and other communication 
        technologies strategy to counter ISIS's propaganda, influence, 
        and ability to recruit fighters domestically and 
        internationally, including with private technology companies, 
        and how such activities are being coordinated across the United 
        States Government.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) A description of the efforts of the United 
        States Government, including economic sanctions, to deny 
        financial resources, including revenues from natural resources 
        extraction, sale of antiquities, kidnaping, extortion, 
        taxation, smuggling, access to cash storage sites, and access 
        to international financial networks, to ISIS and its 
        affiliates, in conjunction with international partners and 
        financial institutions.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) A description of United States Government 
        efforts to support credible war crimes prosecutions against 
        ISIS fighters.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (10) A plan to ensure the delivery of humanitarian 
        assistance.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 105. BRIEFINGS ON TURKISH INCURSION INTO NORTHEAST 
              SYRIA.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Russian Federation and Iran continue to 
        exploit a security vacuum in Syria and continue to pose a 
        threat to vital United States national security interests; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) continued Turkish military activity inside 
        Syria will negatively impact the national security interest and 
        regional stability of the United States.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Briefings Required.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, and every 15 days 
        thereafter, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
        Secretary of Defense, and the Administrator of the United 
        States Agency for International Development, in consultation 
        with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall 
        jointly brief the appropriate congressional committees on the 
        October 2019 Turkish incursion into Syria, including the impact 
        of the withdrawal of United States troops from Northeast 
        Syria.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Elements of the briefing.--The briefing 
        required under paragraph (1) shall include the following 
        elements:</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) A description of the impact of the 
                incursion on the ability of ISIS to reconstitute a 
                physical caliphate.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) A description of the impact of the 
                incursion on the Russian Federation's military and 
                political influence in Syria.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) A description of the impact of the 
                incursion on Iran's ability to increase its military 
                and political influence in Syria.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) A comprehensive assessment of the 
                United States Government's activities to counter 
                Iranian and Russian influence in Syria.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (E) An outline of planned joint actions by 
                the Department of State and the Department of Defense, 
                in consultation with the heads of other appropriate 
                Federal agencies, regarding any and all stabilization 
                funds or activities for Syria and an explanation of how 
                such funds and activities can contribute to 
                stabilization in the current environment and without 
                the limited United States troop presence in Northeast 
                Syria.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (F) The creation and use by the Government 
                of Turkey of ``safe zones'' to justify the involuntary 
                or uninformed return of Syrian refugees from Turkey to 
                Syrian territory or to justify the forced displacement 
                of Syrians inside Syria or to prevent Syrians from 
                seeking international protections.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (G) The role of the Government of Turkey 
                and Turkish-backed forces in facilitating humanitarian 
                actors, including international nongovernmental 
                organizations (INGOs) for cross-border work from Turkey 
                and in ensuring efficient open supply lines for 
                humanitarian assistance and personnel through border 
                crossing points on the Turkey-Syria and Iraq-Syria 
                borders and facilitating safe passage of humanitarian 
                assistance to Syrians inside Syria based on 
                need.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (H) The actions of the Government of 
                Turkey and Turkish-backed forces in the operation of 
                all camps for families displaced by conflict as 
                civilian facilities and ensuring that camp residents, 
                in particular women and children, are treated as 
                civilian victims of conflict in accordance with 
                international law and standards.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (I) The actions of the Government of 
                Turkey and Turkish-backed forces in taking effective 
                measures to protect civilians and civilian 
                infrastructure, including health facilities, water-
                pumping stations, and restricting use of explosive 
                weapons in populated areas.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 106. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE PEOPLE OF 
              SYRIA.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The President is authorized to provide humanitarian 
assistance pursuant to the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2019 (division F of Public Law 
116-6) to support the people of Syria, both in Syria and displaced in 
surrounding countries, in accordance with established international 
humanitarian principles.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 107. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLATIONS OF 
              INTERNATIONAL LAW, INCLUDING WAR CRIMES, AND OTHER HARM 
              TO CIVILIANS IN SYRIA DURING THE TURKISH 
              INCURSION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Turkish and pro-Turkish forces should end all 
        practices involving arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, 
        torture, arbitrary executions, and other unlawful treatment; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) all stakeholders in the Turkish incursion 
        should reveal the fate or the location of all persons who have 
        been subjected to enforced disappearance by such 
        stakeholders.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Report.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
        submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
        that describes the causes and consequences of civilian harm 
        occurring during the Turkish incursion into Northeast Syria, 
        including violations of the law of armed conflict, and gross 
        violations of human rights as a result of the actions of all 
        parties to the conflict.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph 
        (1) shall include the following elements:</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) A description of civilian harm 
                occurring in the context of the Turkish incursion, 
                including--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) mass casualty incidents; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) damage to, and destruction 
                        of, civilian infrastructure and services, 
                        including--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (I) hospitals and other 
                                medical facilities;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (II) electrical 
                                grids;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (III) water systems; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (IV) other critical 
                                infrastructure.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) A description of violations of the law 
                of armed conflict committed during the Turkish 
                incursion into Northeast Syria by all forces involved 
                in the Turkish-led coalition and all forces fighting on 
                its behalf and by any other combatants in the conflict, 
                including--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) alleged war crimes;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) specific instances of failure 
                        by the parties to the conflict to exercise 
                        distinction, proportionality, and precaution in 
                        the use force in accordance with the law of 
                        armed conflict;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) arbitrary denials of 
                        humanitarian access and the resulting impact on 
                        the alleviation of human suffering;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iv) extra-judicial executions and 
                        detention-related abuses; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (v) other acts that may constitute 
                        violations of the law of armed 
                        conflict.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) Recommendations for establishing 
                accountability mechanisms for the civilian harm, war 
                crimes, other violations of the law of armed conflict, 
                and gross violations of human rights perpetrated by 
                Turkish and pro-Turkish forces Syria, including the 
                potential for prosecuting individuals perpetrating, 
                organizing, directing, or ordering such 
                violations.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 108. RESTRICTION ON ARMS SALES TO TURKEY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Prohibition on Arms Transfers to Turkish Military 
Units.--No United States defense articles, services, or technology may 
be transferred under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
seq.) to Turkey if such articles, services, or technology could be used 
in operations by the Turkish Armed Forces in Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Exception.--The prohibition under subsection (a) does 
not apply to transfers for ultimate end use by the United States Armed 
Forces or in military operations approved by NATO.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) No Use of Emergency Authority.--The authority of the 
President to waive statutory congressional review periods under the 
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) in cases in which an 
emergency exists shall not apply to the transfer of defense articles or 
services to Turkey.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 109. OPPOSITION TO LOANS FROM INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL 
              INSTITUTIONS THAT BENEFIT THE GOVERNMENT OF 
              TURKEY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--The President shall direct the United 
States executive director to each international financial institution 
to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan from 
the international financial institution that would benefit the 
Government of Turkey.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) International Financial Institution Defined.--In this 
section, the term ``international financial institution'' has the 
meaning given that term in section 1701(c) of the International 
Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c)).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 110. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON DENOUNCING TARGETING OF 
              KURDISH MINORITY AT THE UNITED NATIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It is the policy of the United States to use the voice and 
vote of the United States at the United Nations--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) to denounce the targeting of the Kurdish 
        minority in Northeast Syria; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) to in no way support activities of the 
        Government of Turkey targeting the Kurdish community in 
        Syria.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 111. PARTICIPATION OF TURKEY IN NATO.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Article 1 of the North Atlantic Treaty, signed 
        at Washington April 4, 1949, states, ``The Parties undertake, 
        as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle 
        any international dispute in which they may be involved by 
        peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and 
        security and justice are not endangered, and to refrain in 
        their international relations from the threat or use of force 
        in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United 
        Nations.''</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Turkey has invaded Northeast Syria with the 
        intention of targeting the Kurdish minority in the country, in 
        a manner inconsistent with article 1 of the North Atlantic 
        Treaty.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Department of State Report on Participation of Turkey 
in NATO.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that includes the following 
elements:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) An assessment of the historical contributions 
        made by Turkey to the NATO alliance since it became a member in 
        1952.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) An assessment of the impact of Turkey's 
        October 2019 incursion into Northeast Syria for the national 
        security of its NATO allies.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) An assessment of Turkey's role in the alliance 
        and the future prospects for Turkey to fully embrace and 
        implement all 14 articles of the North Atlantic 
        Treaty.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 112. REPORT ON NET WORTH OF PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP 
              ERDOGAN.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of 
the Treasury and the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report on the estimated net 
worth and known sources of income of Turkish President Recep Tayyip 
Erdogan and his family members (including spouse, children, parents, 
and siblings), including assets, investments, other business interests, 
and relevant beneficial ownership information.</DELETED>

      <DELETED>TITLE II--KURDISH REFUGEE CRISIS IN SYRIA</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 201. FINDINGS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Congress makes the following findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) According to the United Nations Office for the 
        Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, more than 160,000 Syrian 
        Kurdish civilians are internally displaced and more than 
        400,000 civilians in the Syrian conflict zone will have 
        significant humanitarian needs in Kurdish-controlled areas of 
        Northeastern Syria as a result of ongoing Turkish operations 
        against Syrian Democratic Forces.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Members of the Syrian Democratic Forces have 
        fought on the front lines against the Islamic State, in 
        partnership and with the close support of the United States and 
        its allies.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 202. UNITED STATES REFUGEE PROGRAM PRIORITIES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--The Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall designate, as Priority 2 
refugees of special humanitarian concern--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Syrian Kurds, stateless persons who habitually 
        resided in Syria, and other Syrians who partnered with, or 
        worked for or directly with, the United States Government in 
        Syria;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Syrian Kurds, stateless persons who habitually 
        resided in Syria, and other Syrians who were employed in Syria 
        by--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) a media or nongovernmental 
                organization based in the United States;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) an organization or entity that has 
                received a grant from, or entered into a cooperative 
                agreement or contract with, the United States 
                Government; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) an organization that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) was continuously physically 
                        present in Northeast Syria between 2011 and the 
                        date of the enactment of this Act; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) has partnered with an 
                        organization described in subparagraph (A) or 
                        (B);</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) the spouses, children, sons, daughters, 
        siblings, and parents of aliens described in paragraph (1) or 
        section 204(b);</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Syrian Kurds, stateless persons who habitually 
        resided in Syria, and other Syrians who have an immediate 
        relative (as defined in section 201(b)(2)(A)(i) of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(2)(A)(i))) or 
        a family member described in section 203(a) of such Act (8 
        U.S.C. 203(a)) who is physically present in the United 
        States;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Syrian Kurds, stateless persons who habitually 
        resided in Syria, and other Syrians who were or are employed by 
        the United States Government in Syria, for an aggregate period 
        of at least 1 year; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) citizens or nationals of Syria or Iraq, or 
        stateless persons who habitually resided in Syria or Iraq, who 
        provided service to United States counter-ISIS efforts for an 
        aggregate period of at least 1 year.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Eligibility for Admission as a Refugee.--An alien may 
not be denied the opportunity to apply for admission as a refugee under 
this section solely because such alien qualifies as an immediate 
relative of a national of the United States or is eligible for 
admission to the United States under any other immigrant 
classification.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Membership in Certain Syrian Organizations.--An 
applicant for admission to the United States may not be deemed 
inadmissible based on membership in, or support provided to, the Syrian 
Democratic Forces.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Exclusion From Numerical Limitations.--Aliens provided 
refugee status under this section shall not be counted against any 
numerical limitation under section 201, 202, 203, or 207 of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1151, 1152, 1153, and 
1157).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (e) Identification of Other Persecuted Groups.--The 
Secretary of State, or the designee of the Secretary, is authorized to 
classify other groups of Syrians, including vulnerable populations, as 
Priority 2 refugees of special humanitarian concern.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (f) Satisfaction of Other Requirements.--Aliens granted 
status under this section as Priority 2 refugees of special 
humanitarian concern under the refugee resettlement priority system 
shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements under section 207 of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1157) for admission to the 
United States.</DELETED>

                <DELETED>TITLE III--SANCTIONS</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    In this title:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms 
        ``admission'', ``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the meanings 
        given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The 
        term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
                the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of 
                the Senate; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
                the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
                Representatives.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Financial institution.--The term ``financial 
        institution'' means a financial institution specified in 
        subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), 
        (M), or (Y) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States 
        Code.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Foreign financial institution.--The term 
        ``foreign financial institution'' has the meaning given that 
        term in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the 
        Treasury.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' 
        means an individual or entity that is not a United States 
        person.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'' with 
        respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a 
        person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the 
        conduct, the circumstance, or the result.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) United states person.--The term ``United 
        States person'' means--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) a United States citizen or an alien 
                lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United 
                States; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) an entity organized under the laws of 
                the United States or any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an 
                entity.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 302. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SENIOR 
              OFFICIALS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF TURKEY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--On and after the date that is 15 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, each of the following 
officials shall be subject to the same sanctions as a person included 
on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons 
maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of 
the Treasury:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) The Minister of National Defense of 
        Turkey.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish 
        Armed Forces.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) The Commander of the 2nd Army of the Turkish 
        Armed Forces.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) The Minister of Treasury and Finance of 
        Turkey.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sanctions With Respect to Additional Officials.--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) List.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this Act, and every 60 days thereafter, the 
        Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of 
        Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit 
        to the appropriate congressional committees a list of the 
        following foreign persons:</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) Senior officials of the Ministry of 
                National Defense of Turkey involved in the decision to 
                invade Syria.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) Senior officials of the Turkish Armed 
                Forces leading attacks against the Syrian Democratic 
                Forces.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) Officials of the Government of Turkey 
                significantly facilitating Turkey's military operations 
                in Syria.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) Officials of the Government of Turkey 
                and members of the Turkish Armed Forces who are 
                responsible for, are complicit in, have directly or 
                indirectly engaged in, or have attempted to engage in, 
                any of the following relating to Turkey's invasion of 
                Northeast Syria:</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) A violation of the law of 
                        armed conflict.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) A gross violation of 
                        internationally recognized human 
                        rights.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Imposition of sanctions.--On and after the 
        date that is 15 days after the submission of the most recent 
        list required by paragraph (1), each foreign person identified 
        on the list shall be subject to the same sanctions as a person 
        included on the list of specially designated nationals and 
        blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets 
        Control of the Department of the Treasury.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 303. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN 
              PERSONS PROVIDING ARMS TO TURKISH FORCES IN 
              SYRIA.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Report Required.--Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and every 60 days thereafter and as 
new information becomes available, the Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National 
Intelligence, shall submit to the President and the appropriate 
congressional committees a list of any foreign persons determined to 
have knowingly provided, on or after such date of enactment, defense 
articles, services, or technology to Turkey if such articles, services, 
or technology could be used in operations by the Turkish Armed Forces 
in Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Imposition of Sanctions.--The President shall impose 
the sanctions described in section 307 with respect to each foreign 
person identified on the list required by subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Exception.--The sanctions imposed pursuant to this 
section shall not apply to transfers defense articles, services, or 
technology for ultimate end use by the United States Armed Forces or in 
military operations approved by NATO.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Waiver.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--The President may waive, on a 
        case-by-case basis and for a period of not more than 90 days, 
        the imposition of sanctions under this section with respect to 
        a foreign person if the President--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) determines the waiver is important to 
                the national security interests of the United States; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) not later than 30 days after making 
                such a determination, submits to the appropriate 
                congressional committees a report on the 
                determination.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Renewal of waivers.--The President may, on a 
        case-by-case basis, renew a waiver under paragraph (1) for an 
        additional period of not more than 90 days if, not later than 
        15 days before the waiver expires, the President--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) determines the renewal of the waiver 
                is important to the national security interests of the 
                United; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) submits to the appropriate 
                congressional committees a report on the 
                determination.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 304. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FINANCIAL 
              INSTITUTIONS THAT FACILITATE TRANSACTIONS FOR TURKISH 
              ARMED FORCES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Halk Bankasi or Halkbank.--Not later than 15 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the following entities shall 
be subject to the same sanctions as a person included on the list of 
specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the 
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the 
Treasury:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Halk Bankasi;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Halkbank; or</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) any successor entity to an entity specified in 
        paragraph (1) or (2).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Additional Financial Institutions.--If the Secretary 
of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 
of Treasury, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines that 
any foreign financial institution (other than a financial institution 
specified in subsection (a)), has knowingly facilitated transactions 
for the Turkish Armed Forces or the defense industry in Turkey relating 
to the military operations of Turkey in Syria, the President shall, not 
later than 60 days after that determination, impose the sanctions 
described in section 307 with respect to that financial 
institution.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 305. IMPOSITION OF CAATSA SECTION 231 SANCTIONS AGAINST 
              TURKEY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Treatment of Purchase of S-400 Air and Missile Defense 
System as Sanctionable Transaction.--For the purposes of section 231 of 
the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 
9525), Turkey's acquisition of the S-400 air and missile defense system 
from the Russian Federation beginning July 12, 2019, shall be 
considered to be a significant transaction described in that 
section.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Imposition of Sanctions.--Not later than 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose 5 or 
more of the sanctions described in section 235 of the Countering 
America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9529) with 
respect to the Government of Turkey.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 306. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT BY 
              THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR THE ASSAD REGIME.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) List Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and every 60 days thereafter, the 
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and 
the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to appropriate 
congressional committees a list of each Russian person that, on or 
after such date of enactment, knowingly exports, transfers, or 
otherwise provides to Syria significant financial, material, or 
technological support that contributes materially to the ability of the 
Government of Syria to acquire defense articles, defense services, and 
related information.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sanctions.--A Russian person identified on the list 
required by subsection (a) shall be subject to the same sanctions as a 
person included on the list of specially designated nationals and 
blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 
the Department of the Treasury.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Waiver.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--The President may, on a case-by-
        case basis and for renewable periods of not to exceed 60 days, 
        waive the application of this section with respect to a Russian 
        person if the President determines and certifies to the 
        appropriate congressional committees that such a waiver is in 
        the vital national security interests of the United 
        States.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Certification.--The certification referenced 
        in paragraph (1) shall include a detailed explanation of the 
        specific factors upon which the determination was made that a 
        waiver is in the vital national security interests of the 
        United States.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Briefing.--Not later than 10 days after the 
        issuance of a waiver under paragraph (1), and every 90 days 
        thereafter while the waiver remains in effect, the President 
        shall brief the appropriate congressional committees on the 
        justification for the waiver.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Russian Person Defined.--In this section, the term 
``Russian person'' has the meaning given that term in section 256(c) of 
the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 
9545(c)).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 307. SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The sanctions described in this section are the 
following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Asset blocking.--The President shall exercise 
        all of the powers granted by the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except that the 
        requirements of section 202 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall 
        not apply) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all 
        transactions in all property and interests in property of a 
        foreign person if such property and interests in property are 
        in the United States, come within the United States, or are or 
        come within the possession or control of a United States 
        person.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or 
        parole.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien 
                is--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) inadmissible to the United 
                        States;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) ineligible to receive a visa 
                        or other documentation to enter the United 
                        States; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) otherwise ineligible to be 
                        admitted or paroled into the United States or 
                        to receive any other benefit under the 
                        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 
                        et seq.).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) Current visas revoked.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) In general.--An alien 
                        described in subparagraph (A) is subject to 
                        revocation of any visa or other entry 
                        documentation regardless of when the visa or 
                        other entry documentation is or was 
                        issued.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) Immediate effect.--A 
                        revocation under clause (i) shall--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (I) take effect 
                                immediately; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (II) automatically cancel 
                                any other valid visa or entry 
                                documentation that is in the alien's 
                                possession.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) Exception to comply with united 
                nations headquarters agreement.--Sanctions under this 
                paragraph shall not apply to the admission of an alien 
                if such admission is necessary to permit the United 
                States to comply with the Agreement regarding the 
                Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake 
                Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 
                21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
                States, or other applicable international obligations 
                of the United States.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 308. IMPLEMENTATION; REGULATIONS; PENALTIES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) 
to carry out this title.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Regulations.--The President shall issue such 
regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this 
title.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to 
violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this title or 
any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this title shall 
be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of 
section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
act described in subsection (a) of that section.</DELETED>

          <DELETED>TITLE IV--TERMINATION PROVISIONS</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 401. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
              DEFINED.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    In this title, the term ``appropriate congressional 
committees'' means--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
        Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
        Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
        Representatives.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 402. TERMINATION OF CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--The restriction under section 108, the 
requirement under section 109, and the sanctions imposed under sections 
302 and 303, shall terminate if the President determines and submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees a finding that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Turkey has halted attacks against the Syrian 
        Democratic Forces, Kurdish and Arab civilians, and other 
        religious and ethnic minority communities in Northeast 
        Syria;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Turkish forces not involved in coordinated 
        operations with NATO allies or the Global Coalition to Defeat 
        ISIS have withdrawn from Northeast Syria; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Turkey is not hindering counterterrorism 
        operations against ISIS.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Financial Sanctions.--Financial sanctions imposed 
under section 304 shall terminate if the President determines and 
submits to the appropriate congressional committees the finding 
described in subsection (a)(1).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 403. HUMANITARIAN WAIVER.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The President may waive the application of section 302, 
303, or 304 for the purpose of providing humanitarian assistance if the 
President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that 
such a waiver is important to address a humanitarian need and 
consistent with the national security interests of the United States 
and, not later than 15 days before issuing such a waiver, the President 
submits to such committees a justification relating to such 
determination.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 404. SUNSET.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    This Act shall terminate on the date that is 3 years after 
the date on which sanctions imposed pursuant to this Act have 
terminated.</DELETED>

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Promoting American 
National Security and Preventing the Resurgence of ISIS Act of 2019''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

                 TITLE I--PROMOTING STABILITY IN SYRIA

Sec. 101. Appropriate congressional committees defined.
Sec. 102. Findings.
Sec. 103. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 104. Strategy to prevent the resurgence of the Islamic State of 
                            Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and its affiliates.
Sec. 105. Briefings on Turkish incursion into northeast Syria.
Sec. 106. Humanitarian assistance to the people of Syria.
Sec. 107. Report on accountability for violations of international law, 
                            including war crimes, and other harm to 
                            civilians in Syria during the Turkish 
                            incursion.
Sec. 108. Statement of policy on denouncing targeting of Kurdish 
                            community at the United Nations.
Sec. 109. Participation of Turkey in NATO.
Sec. 110. Report on net worth of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Sec. 111. Sense of Congress on Geneva Convention prohibition against 
                            pillage.

            TITLE II--ASSISTING VULNERABLE KURDISH PARTNERS

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. United States refugee program priorities.
Sec. 203. Special immigrant status for certain Syrian Kurds and other 
                            Syrians who worked for the United States 
                            Government in Syria.
Sec. 204. Processing mechanisms.

          TITLE III--SANCTIONS AND OTHER RESTRICTIVE MEASURES

Sec. 301. Definitions.

    Subtitle A--Measures to Deter Turkish Malign Activities in Syria

Sec. 311. Effective date; termination.
Sec. 312. Restriction on arms sales to Turkey.
Sec. 313. Opposition to loans from international financial institutions 
                            that benefit the Government of Turkey.
Sec. 314. Imposition of sanctions with respect to officials of the 
                            Government of Turkey relating to operations 
                            in Syria.
Sec. 315. Imposition of sanctions with respect to foreign persons 
                            providing arms to Turkish forces in Syria.
Sec. 316. Imposition of sanctions with respect to foreign financial 
                            institutions that facilitate transactions 
                            for Turkish Armed Forces.

          Subtitle B--Other Sanctions and Restrictive Measures

Sec. 321. Imposition of sanctions with respect to officials of the 
                            Government of Turkey involved in human 
                            rights abuses.
Sec. 322. Imposition of CAATSA section 231 sanctions against Turkey.
Sec. 323. Prohibition on transfer of F-35 aircraft to Turkey.
Sec. 324. Limitations on future transfer of F-35 aircraft to Turkey.
Sec. 325. Prohibition on export or transfer to Turkey of F-16 aircraft 
                            and related training, spare parts, and 
                            other support.
Sec. 326. Imposition of sanctions with respect to support by the 
                            Russian Federation for the Assad regime.
Sec. 327. Sense of Congress on civilian nuclear cooperation agreements 
                            with Turkey.

                     Subtitle C--General Provisions

Sec. 331. Exceptions; waivers.
Sec. 332. Implementation; regulations; penalties.
Sec. 333. Studies on effectiveness of sanctions in achieving foreign 
                            policy objectives.

                        TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 401. Agreement for NATO members not to acquire defense technology 
                            incompatible with the security of NATO 
                            systems.
Sec. 402. No authorization for the use of military force.

                          TITLE V--TERMINATION

Sec. 501. Termination.

                 TITLE I--PROMOTING STABILITY IN SYRIA

SEC. 101. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED.

    In this title, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 
        Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
        Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 
        Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
        House of Representatives.

SEC. 102. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) On July 12, 2019, the Government of Turkey took 
        delivery of the S-400 air defense system, which it purchased 
        from the defense sector of the Government of the Russian 
        Federation for a reported cost of $2,500,000,000.
            (2) The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) have fought on the 
        frontlines against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 
        in close partnership with the United States and United States 
        allies.
            (3) While territorial gains have been made, the Department 
        of Defense, as of November 27, 2019, estimated that ISIS 
        retains roughly 11,000 ``fighters'' in Iraq and Syria.
            (4) Since 2015, the United States Government has deployed 
        members of the United States Armed Forces to Syria for the 
        purpose of the counter-ISIS campaign, in an advise, assist, and 
        accompany role, working closely with the SDF.
            (5) The congressionally-mandated Syria Study Group in 
        September 2019 found, ``Although the United States military 
        mission in Syria is often lumped together with the Iraq and 
        Afghanistan missions in the `forever war' category, the Syria 
        case offers a different, and far less costly, model. A small 
        United States military footprint, supported by United States 
        air power and other high-end capabilities, reinforced by a 
        global coalition of like-minded allies and partners, rallied a 
        local partner force many times its size to liberate territory 
        from a terrorist group.''
            (6) According to the Department of Defense, as of August 
        2019, the SDF continued to hold about 10,000 ISIS fighters in 
        detention centers in northeast Syria this quarter. Of these, 
        approximately 2,000 are foreigners from more than 50 countries. 
        The remaining 8,000 are Iraqi and Syrian.
            (7) In August 2019, the United States Government and the 
        Government of Turkey began implementing a security mechanism to 
        address legitimate Turkish security concerns along the Turkish 
        Syrian border in which United States and Turkey established a 
        Combined Joint Operations Center and the SDF withdrew forces 
        from certain areas.
            (8) On October 9, 2019, Turkish military units began 
        operations in Syrian territory.
            (9) The Government of Turkey's October 9, 2019, military 
        offensive created new waves of displaced people, hindered 
        humanitarian operations, and resulted in the escape of ISIS 
        detainees from SDF-run prison camps.
            (10) On October 13, 2019, the SDF announced a deal with 
        President of Syria Bashar al-Assad's regime that would allow 
        government forces to enter the Kurdish-controlled areas of 
        northeast Syria for the first time in years.
            (11) On October 14, 2019, the European Union unanimously 
        announced that it would suspend weapons exports to Turkey in 
        condemnation of their military action in northeast Syria.
            (12) On October 17, 2019, the United States Government 
        negotiated a temporary pause in fighting between the Government 
        of Turkey and Syrian Kurdish fighters.
            (13) On October 22, 2019, the Government of the Russian 
        Federation and the Government of Turkey signed a 10-point 
        memorandum of understanding, mandating the withdrawal of Syrian 
        Kurdish fighters from areas targeted in Operation Peace Spring.
            (14) In November 2019, the Turkish Armed Forces began 
        testing the S-400 air defense system that the Turkish Armed 
        Forces purchased from the Russian Federation.
            (15) On November 25, 2019, the Department of Defense 
        announced that it had resumed operations against ISIS in Syria.
            (16) As of December 2019, public reports indicated 
        skirmishes continue between Syrian Kurdish fighters and Turkish 
        forces and the Turkish Supported Opposition.

SEC. 103. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States and Turkey have been treaty allies 
        since 1952, when Turkey became a member of the North Atlantic 
        Treaty Organization (NATO);
            (2) being a NATO member means that Turkey is treaty bound 
        to safeguard the principles of democracy, individual liberty, 
        and the rule of law, and importantly, should be united with 
        other NATO allies in efforts for collective defense and the 
        preservation of peace and security;
            (3) since the Korean War, Turkish troops have fought 
        alongside the United States Armed Forces and have been key to 
        the Resolute Support mission in Afghanistan;
            (4) the Government of Turkey's military invasion of 
        northeast Syria is an unacceptable and unnecessary escalation 
        of tensions with the potential to cause a severe humanitarian 
        crisis;
            (5) the Government of Turkey's military offensive threatens 
        to undo the collective gains made in the fight against the 
        Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) by the United States and 
        the 81 countries and organizations of the Global Coalition to 
        Defeat ISIS, including NATO and the European Union (EU);
            (6) the Government of Turkey should immediately cease any 
        further attacks against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), 
        Kurdish or Arab civilians, or other religious or ethnic 
        minorities in northeast Syria, and recall its forces back to 
        Turkey;
            (7) targeted sanctions and other restrictive measures 
        against Turkey are appropriate to incentivize the Government of 
        Turkey to refrain from destabilizing activity in northeast 
        Syria and to reevaluate its decision to purchase the S-400 air 
        defense system from the Russian Federation;
            (8) the Government of Turkey's military invasion into 
        northeast Syria is the latest example of the weakening and 
        problematic United States-Turkey bilateral relationship and 
        undermines the security of the United States and its NATO 
        allies, including that of Turkey;
            (9) the SDF have been critical partners to United States-
        led counter-ISIS and broader counterterrorism efforts in Syria, 
        and the United States should continue this partnership with the 
        SDF;
            (10) the United States Government should utilize diplomatic 
        and military tools to ensure the enduring defeat of ISIS;
            (11) the United States should stand by critical allies and 
        partners;
            (12) the Government of Turkey's decision to purchase the S-
        400 air defense system from the Government of the Russian 
        Federation, despite clear warnings from the United States about 
        that system's fundamental incompatibility with the United 
        States and NATO systems currently operating in Turkey, 
        threatens to undermine Turkey's relationship with the United 
        States and NATO;
            (13) Russian and Iranian political and military influence 
        in Syria present a threat to United States national security 
        interests;
            (14) the United States Government, in concert with the 
        international community, should hold accountable members of the 
        Syrian regime and the Governments of the Russian Federation and 
        Iran for atrocities against the Syrian people;
            (15) the Government of Turkey should take steps to 
        significantly improve the dire climate for journalists and 
        those supporting the journalism profession, including--
                    (A) ending the targeting and imprisoning of 
                journalists and allowing for the press and independent 
                media to operate freely without fear of retribution 
                from their government; and
                    (B) releasing all journalists and media workers 
                imprisoned for fulfilling their professional 
                responsibilities;
            (16) press freedom is a fundamental human right and should 
        be upheld and protected in Turkey and around the world;
            (17) the Government of Turkey should release all 
        individuals detained on politically motivated charges, 
        including staff locally employed by the United States 
        diplomatic missions;
            (18) the Government of Turkey should halt its 
        indiscriminate detention and prosecution of lawyers, judges, 
        prosecutors, and court officials, and its targeting of lawyers' 
        associations;
            (19) the Government of Turkey should ensure that lawyers 
        can visit detainees in police custody, and remind police and 
        prosecutors of the protected role of lawyers under the 
        International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, done at 
        New York December 19, 1966; and
            (20) the Government of Turkey should end the practice of 
        prosecuting lawyers based on whom they have represented as 
        clients.

SEC. 104. STRATEGY TO PREVENT THE RESURGENCE OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF 
              IRAQ AND SYRIA (ISIS) AND ITS AFFILIATES.

    (a) Strategy Required.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, and the heads of other appropriate 
Federal agencies, shall jointly develop and submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a strategy to prevent the resurgence of ISIS 
and its affiliates in Iraq and Syria.
    (b) Elements of the Strategy.--The strategy required under 
subsection (a) shall include the following elements:
            (1) A summary of the United States national security 
        interests in Iraq and Syria and the impact a resurgence of ISIS 
        would have on those interests.
            (2) A comprehensive assessment of current training and 
        support programs by agency or department, specifically focused 
        on countering ISIS and other terrorist organizations, including 
        non-lethal assistance, training, and organizational capacity 
        for the SDF, the Iraqi Security Forces, the Kurdish Peshmerga, 
        and others to counter gains by ISIS and its affiliates.
            (3) A detailed description of United States Government 
        efforts to support, develop, and expand local governance 
        structures in areas in Syria previously liberated from ISIS 
        control.
            (4) An estimate of the number of current, active ISIS 
        members in Iraq and Syria, including an assessment of those 
        being held in detainee camps or prisons.
            (5) A comprehensive plan to address ISIS detainees 
        currently being held in Syria and Iraq, including--
                    (A) the designation of an existing official within 
                the executive branch or the Department of State to 
                serve as a senior-level coordinator to coordinate, in 
                conjunction with the lead and other relevant agencies, 
                all matters for the United States Government relating 
                to the long-term disposition of ISIS fighter detainees, 
                including all matters in connection with--
                            (i) repatriation, transfer, prosecution, 
                        and intelligence-gathering;
                            (ii) coordinating a whole-of-government 
                        approach with other countries and international 
                        organizations, including INTERPOL, to ensure 
                        secure chains of custody and locations of ISIS 
                        foreign terrorist fighter detainees;
                            (iii) coordinating technical and 
                        evidentiary assistance to foreign countries to 
                        aid in the successful prosecution of ISIS 
                        foreign terrorist fighter detainees;
                            (iv) all multilateral and international 
                        engagements led by the Department of State and 
                        other agencies that are related to the current 
                        and future handling, detention, and prosecution 
                        of ISIS foreign terrorist fighter detainees; 
                        and
                            (v) communicating developments related to 
                        an ISIS detainee suspected of committing a 
                        criminal act against a United States citizen to 
                        the family of that citizen;
                    (B) engagement with international partners on 
                legal, tenable mechanisms for repatriating foreign 
                fighters; and
                    (C) a plan for how funds in Acts making 
                appropriations will support disarmament, 
                demobilization, disengagement, deradicalization, and 
                reintegration of current and former members and 
                affiliates of ISIS and their family members.
            (6) A description, which may be in classified form, of ISIS 
        senior leadership and infrastructure and efforts to target 
        leadership figures.
            (7) A comprehensive description of the activities of the 
        United States Government, utilizing social media and other 
        communication technologies, to counter ISIS's propaganda and 
        influence and its ability to use such technologies to recruit 
        fighters domestically and internationally, including through 
        private technology companies, and a description of how such 
        activities are being coordinated across the United States 
        Government.
            (8) A description of the steps taken by the United States 
        Government, including through the use of economic sanctions to 
        deny financial resources to ISIS and its affiliates, in 
        conjunction with international partners and financial 
        institutions.
            (9) A description of United States Government efforts to 
        support credible war crimes prosecutions against ISIS fighters.
            (10) A plan to ensure the delivery of humanitarian 
        assistance.

SEC. 105. BRIEFINGS ON TURKISH INCURSION INTO NORTHEAST SYRIA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Russian Federation and Iran continue to exploit a 
        security vacuum in Syria and continue to pose a threat to vital 
        United States national security interests; and
            (2) continued Turkish military activity in northeast Syria 
        negatively impacts the national security interests of the 
        United States.
    (b) Briefings Required.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and every 15 days thereafter, the 
        Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of 
        Defense and the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
        International Development, and in consultation with the heads 
        of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall jointly brief the 
        appropriate congressional committees on the October 2019 
        Turkish incursion into Syria, including the impact of the 
        withdrawal of United States troops from northeast Syria.
            (2) Elements of the briefing.--The briefing required under 
        paragraph (1) shall include the following elements:
                    (A) A description of the impact of the incursion on 
                the ability of ISIS to reconstitute a physical 
                caliphate.
                    (B) A description of the impact of the incursion on 
                the Russian Federation's military and political 
                influence in Syria.
                    (C) A description of the impact of the incursion on 
                Iran's ability to increase its military and political 
                influence in Syria.
                    (D) A comprehensive assessment of the United States 
                Government's activities to counter Iranian and Russian 
                influence in Syria.
                    (E) An outline of any planned joint actions by the 
                Department of State and the Department of Defense, in 
                consultation with the heads of other appropriate 
                Federal agencies, regarding any and all stabilization 
                funds or activities for Syria and an explanation of how 
                such funds and activities can contribute to 
                stabilization in the current environment.
                    (F) The creation and use by the Government of 
                Turkey of ``safe zones'' to justify the involuntary or 
                uninformed return of Syrian refugees from Turkey to 
                Syrian territory or to justify the forced displacement 
                of Syrians inside Syria or to prevent Syrians from 
                seeking international protections.
                    (G) The role of the Government of Turkey and 
                Turkish-backed forces in facilitating humanitarian 
                actors, including the cross-border work of 
                international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), 
                and in ensuring efficient, open supply lines for 
                humanitarian assistance and personnel through border 
                crossing points on the Turkey-Syria and Iraq-Syria 
                borders and facilitating safe passage of humanitarian 
                assistance inside Syria based on need.
                    (H) The impact of actions of the Government of 
                Turkey and the Turkish Supported Opposition on the 
                operation of camps in Syria for displaced people, in 
                particular women and children, and the impact of such 
                actions on whether residents of such camps are treated 
                as civilian victims of conflict in accordance with 
                international law and standards.
                    (I) The actions of the Government of Turkey and 
                Turkish-backed forces in taking effective measures to 
                protect civilians and civilian infrastructure, 
                including health facilities, water-pumping stations, 
                and restricting use of explosive weapons in populated 
                areas.

SEC. 106. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE PEOPLE OF SYRIA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that all 
parties to the conflict in Syria should uphold international 
humanitarian principles by facilitating and expanding humanitarian 
access across Syria and supporting the rapid, safe, and unhindered 
delivery of humanitarian assistance to those in greatest need.
    (b) Authorization.--The President is authorized to provide 
assistance authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available to 
carry out the purposes of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151 et seq.), section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1722), 
and subsections (a) through (c) of section 2 of the Migration and 
Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601) to meet the urgent 
humanitarian needs of Syrian refugees and displaced persons, as well as 
communities hosting significant numbers of Syrian refugees and 
displaced persons, in accordance with established international 
humanitarian principles.

SEC. 107. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 
              INCLUDING WAR CRIMES, AND OTHER HARM TO CIVILIANS IN 
              SYRIA DURING THE TURKISH INCURSION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) Turkish and pro-Turkish forces should end all practices 
        involving arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, torture, 
        arbitrary executions, and other unlawful treatment; and
            (2) all parties in the Turkish incursion should reveal the 
        fate or the location of all persons who have been subjected to 
        enforced disappearance.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall review 
        evidence of these crimes committed by groups equipped and 
        supported by Turkey, as authorized by the Syrian war crimes 
        provision in section 1232 of the John S. McCain National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, and submit to 
        the appropriate congressional committees a report that 
        describes the causes and consequences of civilian harm 
        occurring during the Turkish incursion into northeast Syria, 
        including violations of the law of armed conflict, and gross 
        violations of human rights as a result of the actions of all 
        parties to the conflict.
            (2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include the following elements:
                    (A) A description of civilian harm occurring in the 
                context of the Turkish incursion, including--
                            (i) mass casualty incidents; and
                            (ii) damage to, and destruction of, 
                        civilian infrastructure and services, 
                        including--
                                    (I) hospitals and other medical 
                                facilities;
                                    (II) electrical grids;
                                    (III) water systems; and
                                    (IV) other critical infrastructure.
                    (B) A description of violations of the law of armed 
                conflict committed during the Turkish incursion into 
                northeast Syria by Turkish or pro-Turkish forces, 
                including--
                            (i) alleged war crimes, including the 
                        alleged use of chemical weapons against 
                        civilian targets;
                            (ii) specific instances of failure by the 
                        parties to the conflict to exercise 
                        distinction, proportionality, and precaution in 
                        the use of force in accordance with the law of 
                        armed conflict;
                            (iii) arbitrary denials of humanitarian 
                        access and the resulting impact on the 
                        alleviation of human suffering;
                            (iv) extra-judicial executions and 
                        detention-related abuses; and
                            (v) other acts that may constitute 
                        violations of the law of armed conflict.
                    (C) Recommendations for establishing accountability 
                mechanisms for civilian harm, war crimes, other 
                violations of the law of armed conflict, and gross 
                violations of human rights perpetrated by Turkish and 
                pro-Turkish forces in northeast Syria, including the 
                potential for prosecuting individuals perpetrating, 
                organizing, directing, or ordering such violations.

SEC. 108. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON DENOUNCING TARGETING OF KURDISH 
              COMMUNITY AT THE UNITED NATIONS.

    It is the policy of the United States to use the voice and vote of 
the United States at the United Nations--
            (1) to denounce the targeting of the Kurdish community in 
        northeast Syria; and
            (2) to oppose activities of the Government of Turkey 
        targeting the Kurdish community in Syria.

SEC. 109. PARTICIPATION OF TURKEY IN NATO.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Article 1 of the North Atlantic Treaty, signed at 
        Washington April 4, 1949, states, ``The Parties undertake, as 
        set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any 
        international dispute in which they may be involved by peaceful 
        means in such a manner that international peace and security 
        and justice are not endangered, and to refrain in their 
        international relations from the threat or use of force in any 
        manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.''
            (2) Turkey has invaded northeast Syria with the intention 
        of targeting the Kurdish minority in the country, in a manner 
        inconsistent with Article 1 of the North Atlantic Treaty.
    (b) Department of State Report on Participation of Turkey in 
NATO.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that includes the following elements:
            (1) An assessment of the historical contributions made by 
        Turkey to the NATO alliance since it became a member in 1952 .
            (2) An assessment of the impact of Turkey's October 2019 
        incursion into northeast Syria on the national security of its 
        NATO allies.
            (3) An assessment of Turkey's role in the alliance and the 
        future prospects for Turkey to fully embrace and implement all 
        14 articles of the North Atlantic Treaty.

SEC. 110. REPORT ON NET WORTH OF PRESIDENT RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the 
estimated net worth and known sources of income of Turkish President 
Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his family members (including spouse, 
children, parents, and siblings), including assets, investments, other 
business interests, and relevant beneficial ownership information.
    (b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

SEC. 111. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON GENEVA CONVENTION PROHIBITION AGAINST 
              PILLAGE.

    It is the sense of Congress that the United States will uphold its 
commitment to the prohibition against pillage as referenced in Article 
33 of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian 
Persons in Time of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (commonly 
referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention), particularly regarding 
oil.

            TITLE II--ASSISTING VULNERABLE KURDISH PARTNERS

SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) As of November 14, 2019, according to the United 
        Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 
        more than 190,000 Syrian Kurdish civilians are internally 
        displaced and more than 400,000 civilians in the Syrian 
        conflict zone will have significant humanitarian needs in 
        Kurdish-controlled areas of northeastern Syria as a result of 
        ongoing Turkish operations against Syrian Democratic Forces.
            (2) Members of the Syrian Democratic Forces have fought on 
        the front lines against the Islamic State, in partnership and 
        with the close support of the United States and its allies and 
        partners.

SEC. 202. UNITED STATES REFUGEE PROGRAM PRIORITIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of State, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Homeland Security, shall designate, as Priority 2 refugees 
of special humanitarian concern--
            (1) Syrian Kurds and other Syrians who were or are employed 
        by the United States Government in Syria in support of the 
        United States military or humanitarian mission in Syria, as 
        determined by the Secretary of State, for an aggregate period 
        of at least 1 year beginning on or after January 1, 2014;
            (2) Syrian Kurds and other Syrians who establish, to the 
        satisfaction of the Secretary of State, that they are or were 
        employed in Syria for an aggregate period of at least 1 year 
        beginning on or after January 1, 2014, by--
                    (A) a media or nongovernmental organization 
                headquartered in the United States; or
                    (B) an organization or entity that--
                            (i) is closely associated with the United 
                        States military or humanitarian mission in 
                        Syria, as determined by the Secretary of State; 
                        and
                            (ii) has received a grant from, or entered 
                        into a cooperative agreement or contract with, 
                        the United States Government;
            (3) the spouses, children, and parents of aliens described 
        in paragraph (1); and
            (4) Syrian Kurds and other Syrians who--
                    (A) have been identified by the Secretary of State 
                as a persecuted group; and
                    (B) have close family members (as described in 
                section 201(b)(2)(A)(i) or 203(a) of the Immigration 
                and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(2)(A)(i) and 
                1153(a)) in the United States.
    (b) Eligibility for Admission as a Refugee.--An alien may not be 
denied the opportunity to apply for admission as a refugee under this 
section solely because such alien qualifies as an immediate relative of 
a national of the United States or is eligible for admission to the 
United States under any other immigrant classification.
    (c) Membership in Certain Syrian Organizations.--An applicant for 
admission to the United States may not be deemed inadmissible based on 
membership in, or support provided to, the Syrian Democratic Forces.
    (d) Identification of Other Persecuted Groups.--The Secretary of 
State is authorized to classify other groups of Syrians, including 
vulnerable populations, as Priority 2 refugees of special humanitarian 
concern.

SEC. 203. SPECIAL IMMIGRANT STATUS FOR CERTAIN SYRIAN KURDS AND OTHER 
              SYRIANS WHO WORKED FOR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN 
              SYRIA.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (d)(1), for purposes of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.), the Secretary 
of Homeland Security may provide any alien described in subsection (b) 
with the status of a special immigrant under section 101(a)(27) of such 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(27)) if--
            (1) the alien, or an agent acting on behalf of the alien, 
        submits a petition to the Secretary under section 204 of such 
        Act (8 U.S.C. 1154) for classification under section 203(b)(4) 
        of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1153(b)(4));
            (2) the alien is otherwise eligible to receive an immigrant 
        visa;
            (3) the alien is otherwise admissible to the United States 
        for permanent residence (excluding the grounds for 
        inadmissibility specified in section 212(a)(4) of such Act (8 
        U.S.C. 1182(a)(4))); and
            (4) clears a background check and appropriate screening, as 
        determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
    (b) Aliens Described.--An alien described in this subsection--
            (1)(A) is a national of Syria or a stateless Kurd 
        habitually residing in Syria;
            (B) was or is employed by, or on behalf of, the United 
        States Government in a role that was vital to the success of 
        the United States' Counter ISIS mission in Syria, as determined 
        by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary 
        of Defense, for a period of at least 1 year beginning on 
        January 1, 2014;
            (C) obtained a favorable written recommendation from the 
        employee's senior supervisor (or the person currently occupying 
        that position) or a more senior person, if the employee's 
        senior supervisor has left the employer or has left Syria, in 
        the entity that was supported by the alien;
            (D) cleared a background check and screening before 
        submitting a petition under subsection (a)(1), pursuant to the 
        requirements set forth in subsection (c)(3); and
            (E) has experienced or is experiencing an ongoing serious 
        threat as a consequence of the alien's employment by the United 
        States Government; or
            (2)(A) is the spouse or a child of a principal alien 
        described in paragraph (1); and
            (B) is following or accompanying to join the principal 
        alien in the United States.
    (c) Evaluation of Petitions.--
            (1) Designation of officer.--Not later than 30 days after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
        shall designate a senior foreign service officer to provide an 
        evaluation of potential applicants before approving a petition 
        under this section.
            (2) Guidelines.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall publish 
        guidelines for evaluating petitions under this section.
            (3) Approval process.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), a petition may not be approved under this section 
                unless the recommendation described in paragraph (1)(C) 
                is approved by the designee referred to in paragraph 
                (1), after conducting a risk assessment of the alien 
                petitioner and an independent review of relevant 
                records maintained by the United States Government or 
                hiring organization or entity to confirm that the alien 
                was employed by, and provided faithful service to, the 
                United States Government.
                    (B) Notification and appeal.--An applicant whose 
                application has been denied under subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) shall receive a written decision that 
                        provides, to the maximum extent feasible, 
                        information describing the basis for the 
                        denial, including the facts and inferences 
                        underlying the individual determination; and
                            (ii) shall be provided an opportunity for 
                        not more than 1 written appeal, which--
                                    (I) shall be submitted not more 
                                than 120 days after the date on which 
                                the applicant receives such written 
                                decision;
                                    (II) may request the reopening of 
                                such denial; and
                                    (III) shall provide additional 
                                information, clarify existing 
                                information, or explain any unfavorable 
                                information.
            (4) Evidence of serious threat.--In making a determination 
        under subsection (b)(1)(E), a credible sworn statement 
        depicting dangerous country conditions and official evidence of 
        such country conditions from the United States Government shall 
        be considered as a factor in determining whether an alien 
        petitioner has experienced or is experiencing an ongoing 
        serious threat as a consequence of the alien's employment by 
        the United States Government.
    (d) Numerical Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided under this 
        subsection, the total number of principal aliens who may be 
        provided special immigrant status under this section may not 
        exceed 400 in any fiscal year beginning on or after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Exclusion from numerical limitations.--Aliens provided 
        special immigrant status under this section shall not be 
        counted against any numerical limitation under section 201(d), 
        202(a), or 203(b)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
        U.S.C. 1151(d), 1152(a), and 1153(b)(4)).
            (3) Carry forward.--If the numerical limitation set forth 
        in paragraph (1) is not reached during a fiscal year, the 
        numerical limitation under such paragraph for the following 
        fiscal year shall be increased by a number equal to the 
        difference between--
                    (A) the number of visas authorized under paragraph 
                (1) for such fiscal year; and
                    (B) the number of principal aliens provided special 
                immigrant status under this section during such fiscal 
                year.
    (e) Visa and Passport Issuance and Fees.--An alien described in 
subsection (b) may not be charged any fee in connection with an 
application for, or the issuance of, a special immigrant visa under 
this section.
    (f) Protection of Aliens.--The Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall make a 
reasonable effort to provide protection to each alien described in 
subsection (b) who is seeking special immigrant status under this 
section or to immediately remove such alien from Syria, if possible, if 
the Secretary determines, after consultation, that such alien is in 
imminent danger.
    (g) Security.--An alien is not eligible for admission as a special 
immigrant under this section if the alien is otherwise inadmissible to 
the United States under section 212(a)(3) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)).
    (h) Application Process.--
            (1) Representation.--An alien applying for admission to the 
        United States as a special immigrant under this section may be 
        represented during the application process, including at 
        relevant interviews and examinations, by an attorney or other 
        accredited representative. Such representation shall not be at 
        the expense of the United States Government.
            (2) Completion.--The Secretary of State and the Secretary 
        of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of 
        Defense, shall ensure that applications for special immigrant 
        visas under this section are processed in such a manner to 
        ensure that all steps under the control of the respective 
        departments incidental to the issuance of such visas, including 
        required screenings and background checks, are completed not 
        later than 9 months after the date on which an eligible alien 
        submits all required materials to apply for such visa.
            (3) Rule of construction.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), 
        any Secretary referred to in such paragraph may take longer 
        than 9 months to complete the steps incidental to issuing a 
        visa under this section if the Secretary--
                    (A) determines that the satisfaction of national 
                security concerns requires additional time; and
                    (B) notifies the applicant of such determination.
    (i) Eligibility for Other Immigrant Classification.--An alien may 
not be denied the opportunity to apply for admission under this section 
solely because such alien--
            (1) qualifies as an immediate relative of a national of the 
        United States; or
            (2) is eligible for admission to the United States under 
        any other immigrant classification.
    (j) Resettlement Support.--An alien who is granted special 
immigrant status under this section shall be eligible for the same 
resettlement assistance, entitlement programs, and other benefits as 
are available to refugees admitted under section 207 of the Immigration 
and Naturalization Act (8 U.S.C. 1157).
    (k) Authority to Carry Out Administrative Measures.--The Secretary 
of Homeland Security, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of 
Defense shall implement any additional administrative measures they 
consider necessary and appropriate--
            (1) to ensure the prompt processing of applications under 
        this section;
            (2) to preserve the integrity of the program established 
        under this section; and
            (3) to protect the national security interests of the 
        United States related to such program.
    (l) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section may be construed to 
affect the authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security under 
section 1059 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2006 (Public Law 109-163; 8 U.S.C. 1101 note).

SEC. 204. PROCESSING MECHANISMS.

    The Secretary of State shall use existing refugee processing 
mechanisms in Iraq and in other countries in the region, as 
appropriate, through which--
            (1) aliens described in section 202(a) may apply and 
        interview for admission to the United States as refugees; and
            (2) aliens described in section 203(b) may apply and 
        interview for admission to the United States as special 
        immigrants.

          TITLE III--SANCTIONS AND OTHER RESTRICTIVE MEASURES

SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms ``admission'', 
        ``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the meanings given those terms 
        in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
        1101).
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the 
                Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (3) Financial institution.--The term ``financial 
        institution'' means a financial institution specified in 
        subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), 
        (M), or (Y) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States 
        Code.
            (4) Foreign financial institution.--The term ``foreign 
        financial institution'' has the meaning given that term in 
        regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
            (5) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means an 
        individual or entity that is not a United States person.
            (6) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'' with respect to 
        conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has 
        actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 
        circumstance, or the result.
            (7) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence to the United States; 
                or
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

    Subtitle A--Measures to Deter Turkish Malign Activities in Syria

SEC. 311. EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION.

    (a) Requirement for Finding.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the 
        Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director 
        of National Intelligence, shall jointly submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees the finding and 
        certification described in paragraph (2).
            (2) Finding and certification described.--The finding and 
        certification described in this paragraph is a finding and 
        certification that the Government of Turkey is not--
                    (A) engaged in or knowingly supporting offensive 
                operations against the Syrian Democratic Forces, 
                Kurdish or Arab civilians, or other religious or ethnic 
                minority communities in northeast Syria;
                    (B) committing, directing, or knowingly 
                facilitating the commission of serious violations of 
                internationally recognized human rights in northeast 
                Syria;
                    (C) hindering counterterrorism operations against 
                ISIS and its affiliates; and
                    (D) engaged in the forcible repatriation of Syrian 
                refugees from Turkey to Syria.
    (b) Effective Date.--The requirements of this subtitle shall take 
effect on the first date on which the Secretary of State, the Secretary 
of Defense, and the Director of National Intelligence are unable or 
otherwise fail to submit jointly the finding and certification 
described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) as required by paragraph 
(1) of that subsection.
    (c) Termination.--The requirements of this subtitle shall terminate 
if, after the effective date described in subsection (b), the Secretary 
of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of National 
Intelligence jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
the finding and certification described in subsection (a)(2).

SEC. 312. RESTRICTION ON ARMS SALES TO TURKEY.

    (a) Prohibition on Arms Transfers to Turkey.--
            (1) In general.--On and after the effective date described 
        in section 311(b), no United States defense articles, services, 
        or technology may be transferred under the Arms Export Control 
        Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) or any other provision of law to 
        Turkey if such articles, services, or technology are likely to 
        be used in operations by the Turkish Armed Forces in Syria.
            (2) Exception.--The prohibition under paragraph (1) does 
        not apply to transfers for ultimate end use by the United 
        States Armed Forces or in military operations approved by NATO, 
        or for verified incorporation into defense articles for re-
        exports to other countries.
    (b) Limitation on Licenses to Transfer Defense Articles or Defense 
Services to Turkey.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3 or 36 of the 
        Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2753 and 2776) or any other 
        provision of law, the President may not, on and after the 
        effective date described in section 311(b), issue a license to 
        export, or letter of offer or consent for the transfer of 
        defense articles or defense services to Turkey unless--
                    (A) the President notifies Congress of the 
                President's intention to issue the license or letter of 
                offer or consent;
                    (B) a period of not less than 30 days elapses after 
                Congress receives that notification; and
                    (C) during the period described in subparagraph 
                (B), a joint resolution disapproving the issuance of 
                the license or letter of offer or consent is not 
                enacted in accordance with paragraph (2).
            (2) Consideration of joint resolutions.--
                    (A) Senate.--A joint resolution under paragraph (1) 
                shall be considered in the Senate in accordance with 
                the provisions of section 601(b) of the International 
                Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 
                (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 765).
                    (B) House of representatives.--For the purpose of 
                expediting the consideration and enactment of a joint 
                resolution under paragraph (1), a motion to proceed to 
                the consideration of any such joint resolution after it 
                has been reported by the appropriate committee shall be 
                treated as highly privileged in the House of 
                Representatives.
            (3) Exception.--The limitation under paragraph (1) does not 
        apply to licenses required for transfers described in 
        subsection (a)(2). The Secretary of State shall provide to the 
        Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee 
        on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a monthly 
        report summarizing each license approved under this exemption.

SEC. 313. OPPOSITION TO LOANS FROM INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 
              THAT BENEFIT THE GOVERNMENT OF TURKEY.

    (a) In General.--The President shall direct the United States 
executive director to each international financial institution to use 
the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan from the 
international financial institution that would benefit the Government 
of Turkey on and after the effective date described in section 311(b).
    (b) International Financial Institution Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``international financial institution'' has the meaning given 
that term in section 1701(c) of the International Financial 
Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c)).
    (c) Exception for Humanitarian Purposes.--The restrictions under 
subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to loans or financial or 
technical assistance provided for basic human needs.
    (d) Waiver for Energy Diversification Projects.--The Secretary of 
the Treasury may waive, on a case-by-case basis, the application of the 
restrictions under subsection (a) only if , not later than 15 days 
after issuing the waiver, the Secretary submits to the appropriate 
congressional committees a written determination that the waiver will 
be used to support a project to diversify energy resources in Turkey 
and to lessen the dependence of Turkey on oil or gas from the Russian 
Federation or Iran, or to support a project to diversify energy 
resources in Europe and to lessen the dependence of Europe on oil or 
gas from the Russian Federation or Iran.

SEC. 314. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO OFFICIALS OF THE 
              GOVERNMENT OF TURKEY RELATING TO OPERATIONS IN SYRIA.

    (a) Certain Senior Officials.--On and after the effective date 
described in section 311(b), each of the following officials shall be 
subject to the same sanctions as a person included on the list of 
specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the 
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury:
            (1) The Minister of National Defense of Turkey.
            (2) The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed 
        Forces.
            (3) The Commander of the 2nd Army of the Turkish Armed 
        Forces.
            (4) The Minister of Treasury and Finance of Turkey.
    (b) Additional Officials.--
            (1) List required.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        effective date described in section 311(b), and every 60 days 
        thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a list 
        of individuals that the Secretary of State, in consultation 
        with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National 
        Intelligence, determines are--
                    (A) senior officials of the Turkish Armed Forces 
                leading offensive operations against the Syrian 
                Democratic Forces, Kurdish or Arab civilians, or other 
                religious or ethnic minority communities in northeast 
                Syria; and
                    (B) officials of the Government of Turkey 
                significantly facilitating such operations.
            (2) Imposition of sanctions.--On and after the date that is 
        15 days after the submission of the most recent list required 
        by paragraph (1), the President shall impose the following 
        sanctions with respect to each foreign person identified on the 
        list:
                    (A) Property blocking.--The President shall 
                exercise all of the powers granted by the International 
                Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) 
                (except that the requirements of section 202 of such 
                Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply) to the extent 
                necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all 
                property and interests in property of a foreign person 
                if such property and interests in property are in the 
                United States, come within the United States, or are or 
                come within the possession or control of a United 
                States person.
                    (B) Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or 
                parole.--
                            (i) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien 
                        is--
                                    (I) inadmissible to the United 
                                States;
                                    (II) ineligible to receive a visa 
                                or other documentation to enter the 
                                United States; and
                                    (III) otherwise ineligible to be 
                                admitted or paroled into the United 
                                States or to receive any other benefit 
                                under the Immigration and Nationality 
                                Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
                            (ii) Current visas revoked.--
                                    (I) In general.--The visa or other 
                                entry documentation of an alien shall 
                                be revoked, regardless of when such 
                                visa or other entry documentation is or 
                                was issued.
                                    (II) Immediate effect.--A 
                                revocation under subclause (I) shall--
                                            (aa) take effect 
                                        immediately; and
                                            (bb) automatically cancel 
                                        any other valid visa or entry 
                                        documentation that is in the 
                                        alien's possession.

SEC. 315. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PERSONS 
              PROVIDING ARMS TO TURKISH FORCES IN SYRIA.

    (a) List Required.--Not later than 90 days after the effective date 
described in section 311(b), and every 120 days thereafter and as new 
information becomes available, the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National 
Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a list of any foreign persons the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National 
Intelligence, determines to have knowingly provided, on or after such 
effective date, significant defense articles, services, or technology 
to Turkey likely to be used in operations by the Turkish Armed Forces 
in Syria.
    (b) Imposition of Sanctions.--On and after the date on which the 
first list required by subsection (a) is submitted, the President shall 
impose 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with 
respect to each foreign person identified on the list.
    (c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions that may be imposed with 
respect to a foreign person under subsection (b) are the following:
            (1) Export-import bank assistance.--The President may 
        direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to give 
        approval to the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension 
        of credit, or participation in the extension of credit in 
        connection with the export of any goods or services to the 
        foreign person.
            (2) Export sanction.--The President may order the United 
        States Government not to issue any specific license and not to 
        grant any other specific permission or authority to export any 
        goods or technology to the foreign person under--
                    (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control 
                Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i));
                    (B) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
                seq.);
                    (C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 
                et seq.); or
                    (D) any other statute that requires the prior 
                review and approval of the United States Government as 
                a condition for the export or reexport of goods or 
                services.
            (3) Loans from united states financial institutions.--The 
        President may prohibit any United States financial institution 
        from making loans or providing credits to the foreign person 
        totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month period unless 
        the person is engaged in activities to relieve human suffering 
        and the loans or credits are provided for such activities.
            (4) Loans from international financial institutions.--The 
        President may direct the United States executive director to 
        each international financial institution to use the voice and 
        vote of the United States to oppose any loan from the 
        international financial institution that would benefit the 
        foreign person.
            (5) Prohibitions on financial institutions.--The following 
        prohibitions may be imposed against the person if that person 
        is a financial institution:
                    (A) Prohibition on designation as primary dealer.--
                Neither the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
                System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may 
                designate, or permit the continuation of any prior 
                designation of, the financial institution as a primary 
                dealer in United States Government debt instruments.
                    (B) Prohibition on service as a repository of 
                government funds.--The financial institution may not 
                serve as agent of the United States Government or serve 
                as repository for United States Government funds.
        The imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) 
        shall be treated as one sanction for purposes of subsection 
        (b), and the imposition of both such sanctions shall be treated 
        as two sanctions for purposes of subsection (b).
            (6) Procurement sanction.--The United States Government may 
        not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, 
        any goods or services from the foreign person.
            (7) Foreign exchange.--The President may, pursuant to such 
        regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transactions in foreign exchange that are subject to the 
        jurisdiction of the United States and in which the person has 
        any interest.
            (8) Banking transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transfers of credit or payments between financial institutions 
        or by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
        that such transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction 
        of the United States and involve any interest of the foreign 
        person.
            (9) Property transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        person from--
                    (A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
                transferring, withdrawing, transporting, importing, or 
                exporting any property that is subject to the 
                jurisdiction of the United States and with respect to 
                which the foreign person has any interest;
                    (B) dealing in or exercising any right, power, or 
                privilege with respect to such property; or
                    (C) conducting any transaction involving such 
                property.
            (10) Ban on investment in equity or debt of sanctioned 
        person.--The President may, pursuant to such regulations or 
        guidelines as the President may prescribe, prohibit any United 
        States person from investing in or purchasing significant 
        amounts of equity or debt instruments of the foreign person.
            (11) Exclusion of corporate officers.--The President may 
        direct the Secretary of State to deny a visa to, and the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the United 
        States, any alien that the President determines is a corporate 
        officer or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 
        interest in, the foreign person.
            (12) Sanctions on principal executive officers.--The 
        President may impose on the principal executive officer or 
        officers of the sanctioned person, or on persons performing 
        similar functions and with similar authorities as such officer 
        or officers, any of the sanctions under this subsection.
    (d) Exception.--Sanctions imposed under this section shall not 
apply to transfers of defense articles, services, or technology for 
ultimate end use by the United States Armed Forces or in military 
operations approved by NATO or for verified incorporation into defense 
articles for re-export to other countries.

SEC. 316. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN FINANCIAL 
              INSTITUTIONS THAT FACILITATE TRANSACTIONS FOR TURKISH 
              ARMED FORCES.

    (a) Halk Bankasi or Halkbank.--
            (1) In general.--On and after the effective date described 
        in section 311(b), the President shall impose 3 or more of the 
        sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to--
                    (A) Halk Bankasi;
                    (B) Halkbank; and
                    (C) any successor entity to an entity specified in 
                subparagraph (A) or (B).
            (2) Failure to impose sanctions on halk bankasi or 
        halkbank.--If, as of the date that is 90 days after the 
        effective date described in section 311(b), the President has 
        not imposed 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection 
        (c) with respect to a financial institution described in 
        paragraph (1), that institution shall be subject to the same 
        sanctions as a person included on the list of specially 
        designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the 
        Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the 
        Treasury.
    (b) Additional Foreign Financial Institutions.--
            (1) In general.--If the President determines, on and after 
        the effective date described in section 311(b), that any 
        foreign financial institution (other than a financial 
        institution specified in subsection (a)(1)), has knowingly 
        facilitated a significant transaction for the Turkish Armed 
        Forces for the purpose of supporting the military operations of 
        Turkey in Syria, the President shall, not later than 60 days 
        after that determination, impose 3 or more of the sanctions 
        described in subsection (c) with respect to that foreign 
        financial institution.
            (2) Regulations required.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the 
        Treasury shall prescribe regulations to implement paragraph 
        (1).
    (c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions that may be imposed under 
subsection (a) or (b) with respect to a foreign financial institution 
are the following:
            (1) Export-import bank assistance for exports.--The 
        President may direct the Export-Import Bank of the United 
        States not to give approval to the issuance of any guarantee, 
        insurance, extension of credit, or participation in the 
        extension of credit in connection with the export of any goods 
        or services to the foreign financial institution.
            (2) Loans from united states financial institutions.--The 
        United States Government may prohibit any United States 
        financial institution from making loans or providing credits to 
        the foreign financial institution totaling more than 
        $10,000,000 in any 12-month period unless the foreign financial 
        institution is engaged in activities to relieve human suffering 
        and the loans or credits are provided for such activities.
            (3) Loans from international financial institutions.--The 
        President may direct the United States executive director to 
        each international financial institution to use the voice and 
        vote of the United States to oppose any loan from the 
        international financial institution that would benefit the 
        foreign financial institution.
            (4) Prohibition on designation as primary dealer.--Neither 
        the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System nor the 
        Federal Reserve Bank of New York may designate, or permit the 
        continuation of any prior designation of, the foreign financial 
        institution as a primary dealer in United States Government 
        debt instruments.
            (5) Prohibition on service as a repository of government 
        funds.--The foreign financial institution may not serve as an 
        agent of the United States Government or serve as a repository 
        for United States Government funds.
            (6) Foreign exchange.--The President may, pursuant to such 
        regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transactions in foreign exchange that are subject to the 
        jurisdiction of the United States and in which the foreign 
        financial institution has any interest.
            (7) Banking transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transfers of credit or payments between financial institutions 
        or by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
        that such transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction 
        of the United States and involve any interest of the foreign 
        financial institution.
            (8) Property transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        person from--
                    (A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
                transferring, withdrawing, transporting, importing, or 
                exporting any property that is subject to the 
                jurisdiction of the United States and with respect to 
                which the foreign financial institution has any 
                interest;
                    (B) dealing in or exercising any right, power, or 
                privilege with respect to such property; or
                    (C) conducting any transaction involving such 
                property.
            (9) Ban on investment in equity or debt of sanctioned 
        person.--The President may, pursuant to such regulations or 
        guidelines as the President may prescribe, prohibit any United 
        States person from investing in or purchasing significant 
        amounts of equity or debt instruments of the foreign financial 
        institution.
            (10) Exclusion of corporate officers.--The President may 
        direct the Secretary of State to deny a visa to, and the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the United 
        States, any alien that the President determines is a corporate 
        officer or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 
        interest in, the foreign financial institution.
            (11) Sanctions on principal executive officers.--The 
        President may impose on the principal executive officer or 
        officers of the foreign financial institution, or on persons 
        performing similar functions and with similar authorities as 
        such officer or officers, any of the sanctions under this 
        subsection.

          Subtitle B--Other Sanctions and Restrictive Measures

SEC. 321. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO OFFICIALS OF THE 
              GOVERNMENT OF TURKEY INVOLVED IN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.

    (a) In General.--On and after the date that is 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter, the 
President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with 
respect to any official of the Government of Turkey or member of the 
Turkish Armed Forces that the President determines is responsible for 
serious abuses of internationally recognized human rights relating to 
Turkey's invasion of northeast Syria.
    (b) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions to be imposed with respect 
to an official described in subsection (a) are the following:
            (1) Property blocking.--The President shall exercise all of 
        the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic 
        Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except that the 
        requirements of section 202 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall 
        not apply) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all 
        transactions in all property and interests in property of a 
        foreign person if such property and interests in property are 
        in the United States, come within the United States, or are or 
        come within the possession or control of a United States 
        person.
            (2) Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or parole.--
                    (A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien is--
                            (i) inadmissible to the United States;
                            (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
                        documentation to enter the United States; and
                            (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
                        or paroled into the United States or to receive 
                        any other benefit under the Immigration and 
                        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
                    (B) Current visas revoked.--
                            (i) In general.--The visa or other entry 
                        documentation of an alien shall be revoked, 
                        regardless of when such visa or other entry 
                        documentation is or was issued.
                            (ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under 
                        clause (i) shall--
                                    (I) take effect immediately; and
                                    (II) automatically cancel any other 
                                valid visa or entry documentation that 
                                is in the alien's possession.

SEC. 322. IMPOSITION OF CAATSA SECTION 231 SANCTIONS AGAINST TURKEY.

    (a) Treatment of Purchase of S-400 Air and Missile Defense System 
as Sanctionable Transaction.--For the purposes of section 231 of the 
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 
9525), Turkey's acquisition of the S-400 air defense system from the 
Russian Federation beginning July 12, 2019, shall be considered to be a 
significant transaction described in that section.
    (b) Imposition of Sanctions.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall, in accordance with 
section 231 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions 
Act (22 U.S.C. 9525), impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in 
section 235 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 9529) with respect to each person 
that knowingly engaged in the acquisition of the S-400 air defense 
system from the Russian Federation.

SEC. 323. PROHIBITION ON TRANSFER OF F-35 AIRCRAFT TO TURKEY.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided under subsections (b) and (c), 
no funds may be obligated or expended--
            (1) to transfer, facilitate the transfer, or authorize the 
        transfer of an F-35 aircraft to Turkey;
            (2) to transfer intellectual property or technical data 
        necessary for or related to any maintenance or support of F-35 
        aircraft in Turkey; or
            (3) to construct a storage facility for, or otherwise 
        facilitate the storage in Turkey of, an F-35 aircraft 
        transferred to Turkey.
    (b) Waiver.--The President may waive the limitation under 
subsection (a) upon a written certification to Congress that--
            (1) the Government of Turkey no longer operates, possesses, 
        exercises effective control over, or is pursuing any activity 
        to reacquire the S-400 air defense system or a successor 
        system; and
            (2) no S-400 air defense system or successor system is 
        operated or maintained by Russian nationals, or persons acting 
        on behalf of the Russian Federation, inside Turkey.
    (c) Exception.--The limitation under subsection (a) does not apply 
to F-35 aircraft operated by the United States Armed Forces or other 
international consortium members other than Turkey.
    (d) Transfer Defined.--In this section, the term ``transfer'' 
includes the physical relocation outside of the continental United 
States.

SEC. 324. LIMITATIONS ON FUTURE TRANSFER OF F-35 AIRCRAFT TO TURKEY.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law (other than section 
323), any sale or transfer on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act of F-35 aircraft to Turkey shall be subject to the 
requirements of section 36 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
2776).

SEC. 325. PROHIBITION ON EXPORT OR TRANSFER TO TURKEY OF F-16 AIRCRAFT 
              AND RELATED TRAINING, SPARE PARTS, AND OTHER SUPPORT.

    The President may not issue a license to export, consent to the 
transfer of, or approve a letter of offer for F-16 aircraft or 
logistics, training, provision of spare parts or components, or other 
support for F-16 aircraft to the Government of Turkey, and no United 
States defense articles or services may be provided for such purposes, 
until 15 days after the President certifies in writing to Congress 
that--
            (1) the Government of Turkey no longer operates, possesses, 
        exercises effective control over, or is pursuing any activity 
        to reacquire the S-400 air defense system or a successor 
        system; and
            (2) no S-400 air defense system or successor system is 
        operated or maintained by Russian nationals, or persons acting 
        on behalf of the Russian Federation, inside Turkey.

SEC. 326. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT BY THE 
              RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR THE ASSAD REGIME.

    (a) List Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter, the Secretary of 
State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director 
of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a list of each Russian person that the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of 
National Intelligence, determines, on or after such date of enactment, 
knowingly exports, transfers, or otherwise provides to Syria 
significant financial, material, or technological support that 
contributes materially to the ability of the Government of Syria to 
acquire defense articles, defense services, and related information.
    (b) Sanctions.--A Russian person identified on the list required by 
subsection (a) shall be subject to the same sanctions as a person 
included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked 
persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the 
Department of the Treasury.
    (c) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The President may, on a case-by-case basis 
        and for renewable periods of not to exceed 60 days, waive the 
        application of this section with respect to a Russian person if 
        the President determines and certifies to the appropriate 
        congressional committees that such a waiver is in the vital 
        national security interests of the United States.
            (2) Certification.--The certification referenced in 
        paragraph (1) shall include a detailed explanation of the 
        specific factors upon which the determination was made that a 
        waiver is in the vital national security interests of the 
        United States.
            (3) Briefing.--Not later than 10 days after the issuance of 
        a waiver under paragraph (1), and every 90 days thereafter 
        while the waiver remains in effect, the President shall brief 
        the appropriate congressional committees on the justification 
        for the waiver.
    (d) Russian Person Defined.--In this section, the term ``Russian 
person'' has the meaning given that term in section 256(c) of the 
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 
9545(c)).

SEC. 327. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CIVILIAN NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENTS 
              WITH TURKEY.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the statement by President Erdogan on September 4, 
        2019, that he ``cannot accept'' a state of affairs in which 
        Turkey has no missiles armed with nuclear warheads, along with 
        other concerning statements from senior officials that Turkey 
        may pursue a nuclear-weapons capability, runs counter to 
        Turkey's obligations under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty;
            (2) concerns have been raised about Turkey's adherence to 
        international nonproliferation agreements, including the 
        Chemical Weapons Convention;
            (3) Congress should exercise oversight of the 2008 United 
        States-Turkey civilian nuclear cooperation agreement (``123 
        agreement'') prior to its automatic renewal in 2023 if credible 
        evidence emerges that the Government of Turkey may pursue 
        development of a nuclear weapon; and
            (4) a new or renewed civilian-nuclear cooperation agreement 
        with the Government of Turkey should be made in accordance with 
        the requirements of section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 
        1954 (42 U.S. 2153) and Congress should be afforded the 
        opportunity to vote on the renewal of such an agreement if 
        circumstances surrounding Turkey's nuclear program or United 
        States-Turkey relations undergo a substantial change.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Chemical weapons convention.--The term ``Chemical 
        Weapons Convention'' means the Convention on the Prohibition of 
        the Development, Production, Stockpiling and use of Chemical 
        Weapons and on their Destruction, done at Paris January 13, 
        1993.
            (2) Nuclear nonproliferation treaty.--The term ``Nuclear 
        Nonproliferation Treaty'' means the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, 
        and Moscow July 1, 1968.

                     Subtitle C--General Provisions

SEC. 331. EXCEPTIONS; WAIVERS.

    (a) Exception for Intelligence Activities.--Sanctions under this 
title shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting 
requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), or to any authorized intelligence activities of 
the United States.
    (b) Exception for Official Business of United States Government.--
Sanctions under this title shall not apply to the conduct of the 
official business of the United States Government by employees, 
contractors, or grantees of the United States Government.
    (c) Exceptions for Compliance With International Obligations and 
Law Enforcement Activities.--Sanctions under this title shall not apply 
with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the 
United States is necessary--
            (1) to permit the United States to comply with the 
        Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, 
        signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force 
        November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
        States, or other applicable international obligations; or
            (2) to carry out or assist law enforcement activity in the 
        United States.
    (d) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--
            (1) In general.--The authorities and requirements to impose 
        sanctions authorized under this title shall not include the 
        authority or a requirement to impose sanctions on the 
        importation of goods.
            (2) Good defined.--In this subsection, the term ``good'' 
        means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, 
        supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test 
        equipment, and excluding technical data.
    (e) National Security Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The President may, on a case-by-case 
        basis, waive for a period of not more than 90 days, the 
        imposition of sanctions under section 314, 315, 316, or 321 
        with respect to a foreign person if the President submits to 
        the appropriate congressional committees--
                    (A) a written determination that the waiver is 
                important to the national security interests of the 
                United States;
                    (B) a detailed explanation of how the waiver is 
                important to those interests; and
                    (C) a report addressing whether the Government of 
                Turkey is--
                            (i) engaged in offensive operations against 
                        the Syrian Democratic Forces, Kurdish or Arab 
                        civilians, or other religious or ethnic 
                        minority communities in northeast Syria;
                            (ii) committing, directing, or knowingly 
                        facilitating the commission of gross violations 
                        of internationally recognized human rights in 
                        northeast Syria;
                            (iii) hindering counterterrorism operations 
                        against ISIS and its affiliates; or
                            (iv) engaged in the forcible repatriation 
                        of Syrian refugees from Turkey to Syria.
            (2) Renewal of waivers.--The President may, on a case-by-
        case basis, renew a waiver under paragraph (1) for additional 
        periods of not more than 90 days each if, not later than 30 
        days before the waiver expires, the President submits to the 
        appropriate congressional committees--
                    (A) a written determination that the renewal of the 
                waiver is important to the national security interests 
                of the United States;
                    (B) a detailed explanation of how the renewal of 
                the waiver is important to those interests; and
                    (C) a report addressing whether the Government of 
                Turkey is--
                            (i) engaged in offensive operations against 
                        the Syrian Democratic Forces, Kurdish or Arab 
                        civilians, or other religious or ethnic 
                        minority communities in northeast Syria;
                            (ii) committing, directing, or knowingly 
                        facilitating the commission of gross violations 
                        of internationally recognized human rights in 
                        northeast Syria;
                            (iii) hindering counterterrorism operations 
                        against ISIS and its affiliates; or
                            (iv) engaged in the forcible repatriation 
                        of Syrian refugees from Turkey to Syria.
    (f) Humanitarian Waiver.--The President may waive the application 
of section 314, 315, 316, or 321 for the purpose of providing 
humanitarian assistance if the President submits to the appropriate 
congressional committees--
            (1) a written determination that such a waiver is important 
        to address a humanitarian need and consistent with the national 
        security interests of the United States; and
            (2) a justification relating to such determination.

SEC. 332. IMPLEMENTATION; REGULATIONS; PENALTIES.

    (a) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities 
provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) 
to carry out this title.
    (b) Regulations.--The President shall issue such regulations, 
licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this title.
    (c) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to violate, 
conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this title or any 
regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this title shall be 
subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of 
section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
act described in subsection (a) of that section.

SEC. 333. STUDIES ON EFFECTIVENESS OF SANCTIONS IN ACHIEVING FOREIGN 
              POLICY OBJECTIVES.

    (a) Independent Studies.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of State shall provide for 
        the performance of 2 independent studies on the use of 
        sanctions by the United States Government and the effectiveness 
        of sanctions in achieving foreign policy objectives that 
        includes an assessment of the following:
                    (A) Whether the United States Government is 
                appropriately organized, staffed, and resourced to 
                effectively develop and implement sanctions as a tool 
                of foreign policy and coordinate sanctions policy and 
                implementation with allies and other like-minded 
                governments.
                    (B) The effect of sanctions on the decisionmaking 
                calculus of the countries, entities, or individuals 
                subject to sanctions.
                    (C) The effect of the threat of sanctions on, and 
                cases in which the threat of sanctions have affected, 
                the decision-making calculus of countries, entities, or 
                individuals subject to such threat.
                    (D) The effect on United States national security, 
                including the ability to deter problematic behavior, 
                when mandatory statutory sanctions are not implemented.
                    (E) Cases in which sanctions have led to a desired 
                change in behavior by the country, entity, or 
                individual subject to the sanctions.
                    (F) Cases in which sanctions have led to an 
                undesirable change in behavior by the country, entity, 
                or individual subject to the sanctions.
                    (G) The effect of sanctions on United States 
                businesses and businesses in countries that are allies 
                of the United States.
                    (H) Whether extensive or exhaustive sanctions have 
                been a precursor to increased military actions.
                    (I) Whether unilateral sanctions have been 
                effective in changing behavior or otherwise advancing 
                national security or foreign policy objectives.
                    (J) Cases in which sanctions used in combination 
                with extensive diplomacy have had led to desired 
                changes in behavior.
                    (K) The collateral effects of sanctions on 
                civilians and their welfare.
                    (L) The record of all sanctions imposed by the 
                United States currently in effect, by country, and how 
                long those sanctions have been in effect.
                    (M) The history of sanctions imposed with respect 
                to allies of the United States and the result of those 
                sanctions.
            (2) Consultation with congress.--Each entity performing a 
        study mandated under paragraph (1) shall consult with the 
        Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee 
        on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives while 
        conducting the study.
            (3) Submission to congress.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than June 1, 2020, the 
                Secretary shall submit the results of each study 
                required by paragraph (1) to the appropriate 
                congressional committees.
                    (B) Form.--The results of each study submitted 
                under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in 
                unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (b) Entities to Perform Studies.--The Secretary shall provide for 
the studies required by subsection (a) to be performed as follows:
            (1) One study shall be performed by the Comptroller General 
        of the United States.
            (2) One study shall be performed by a federally funded 
        research and development center that has recognized credentials 
        and expertise in national security and foreign policy.

                        TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 401. AGREEMENT FOR NATO MEMBERS NOT TO ACQUIRE DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY 
              INCOMPATIBLE WITH THE SECURITY OF NATO SYSTEMS.

    The U.S. mission to NATO shall pursue an agreement that members 
will not acquire defense technology incompatible with the security of 
NATO systems.

SEC. 402. NO AUTHORIZATION FOR THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed as an authorization for the 
use of military force.

                          TITLE V--TERMINATION

SEC. 501. TERMINATION.

    This Act shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act.
                                                       Calendar No. 327

116th CONGRESS

  1st Session

                                S. 2641

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 To promote United States national security and prevent the resurgence 
                    of ISIS, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                           December 12, 2019

                       Reported with an amendment