[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2195 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2195

   To establish the National Fab Lab Network, a Federally chartered 
    organization consisting of a national network of local digital 
     fabrication facilities providing universal access to advanced 
    manufacturing tools for workforce development, STEM education, 
  developing inventions, creating businesses, producing personalized 
            products, mitigating risks, and other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 22, 2019

Mr. Van Hollen (for himself and Ms. Murkowski) introduced the following 
    bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the 
                               Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
   To establish the National Fab Lab Network, a Federally chartered 
    organization consisting of a national network of local digital 
     fabrication facilities providing universal access to advanced 
    manufacturing tools for workforce development, STEM education, 
  developing inventions, creating businesses, producing personalized 
            products, mitigating risks, and other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Fab Lab Network Act of 
2019''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Scientific discoveries and technical innovations are 
        critical to the economic and national security of the United 
        States.
            (2) Maintaining the leadership of the United States in 
        science, technology, engineering, and mathematics will require 
        a diverse population with the skills, interest, and access to 
        tools required to advance these fields.
            (3) Just as earlier digital revolutions in communications 
        and computation provided individuals with the internet and 
        personal computers, a digital revolution in fabrication will 
        allow anyone to make almost anything, anywhere.
            (4) These creations include elements of a typical household 
        basket of goods (furnishings, apparel, food production 
        equipment, shelter, transportation, education and 
        communication, recreation, and other goods and services), 
        personal technology, means for personal expression, the 
        production of digital fabrication machinery, community design, 
        and manufacturing capability.
            (5) The Center for Bits and Atoms of the Massachusetts 
        Institute of Technology (CBA) has contributed significantly to 
        the advancement of these goals through its work in creating and 
        advancing digital fabrication facilities, or ``fab labs'' in 
        the United States and abroad.
            (6) Such digital fabrication facilities may include 
        MakerSpaces, Hackerspaces, and other creative spaces that use 
        digital fabrication as a platform for education, innovation, 
        entrepreneurship, personal expression, public access, and 
        social impact.
            (7) Such digital fabrication facilities provide a model for 
        a new kind of national laboratory that operates as a network, 
        linking local facilities for advanced manufacturing, providing 
        universal access, cultivating new literacies, and empowering 
        communities.
            (8) The nonprofit Fab Foundation was established to support 
        the growth of the international network of digital fabrication 
        facilities, to amplify the educational, entrepreneurial, and 
        social impacts of digital fabrication facilities, and to 
        support the development of regional capacity building 
        organizations to broaden impact as well as address local, 
        regional, and global challenges through the use of digital 
        fabrication technologies.
            (9) A coordinated array of national public-private 
        partnerships will be the most effective way to accelerate the 
        provision of universal access to this infrastructure for 
        workforce development, science, technology, engineering, and 
        mathematics education, developing inventions, creating 
        businesses, producing personalized products, and mitigating 
        risks.

SEC. 3. NATIONAL FAB LAB NETWORK.

    Part B of subtitle II of title 36, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following new chapter:

                ``CHAPTER 2501--NATIONAL FAB LAB NETWORK

                ``Chapter 2501--National Fab Lab Network

``Sec.
``250101. Definitions.
``250102. Organization.
``250103. Goals and activities.
``250104. Membership and organization.
``250105. Governing body.
``250106. Powers.
``250107. Exclusive right to name, term, seals, emblems, and badges.
``250108. Restrictions.
``250109. Records and inspection.
``250110. Duty to maintain tax exempt status.
``250111. Liability for acts of officers and agents.
``250112. Annual report.
``Sec. 250101. Definitions
    ``In this chapter:
            ``(1) Corporation.--The term `corporation' means the 
        National Fab Lab Network.
            ``(2) Fab lab.--The term `fab lab' means a facility that--
                    ``(A) contains the range of capabilities required 
                to create form and function from digital designs, 
                including--
                            ``(i) computer-controlled machines for 
                        additive and subtractive fabrication processes;
                            ``(ii) tools and components for 
                        manufacturing and programming electronic 
                        circuits;
                            ``(iii) materials and methods for short-run 
                        production; and
                            ``(iv) workflows for three-dimensional 
                        design and digitization; and
                    ``(B) is committed to supporting education, 
                innovation, entrepreneurship, personal expression, 
                self-sufficiency, and social impact for its community 
                through digital fabrication.
``Sec. 250102. Organization
    ``(a) Establishment.--There is hereby established the National Fab 
Lab Network.
    ``(b) Federal Charter.--The National Fab Lab Network is a federally 
chartered corporation.
    ``(c) Place of Incorporation.--The corporation is declared to be a 
nonprofit corporation incorporated in the District of Columbia.
    ``(d) Perpetual Existence.--Except as otherwise provided, the 
corporation shall have perpetual succession.
``Sec. 250103. Goals and activities
    ``(a) Goals.--The goals of the corporation are as follows:
            ``(1) To foster current and future fab labs.
            ``(2) To create a national network of connected local fab 
        labs to empower individuals and communities in the United 
        States.
            ``(3) To foster the use of distributed digital fabrication 
        tools--
                    ``(A) to promote science, technology, engineering 
                and math skills;
                    ``(B) to increase invention and innovation;
                    ``(C) to create businesses and jobs;
                    ``(D) to fulfill personal, professional, and 
                community needs;
                    ``(E) to create value and mitigate harm;
                    ``(F) to increase self-sufficiency for individuals, 
                households, and communities;
                    ``(G) to reduce dependency on global supply chains; 
                and
                    ``(H) to align workforce development with new and 
                emerging jobs.
            ``(4) To provide a platform for education, research, and 
        for catalyzing new methods in science, technology, engineering, 
        and mathematics education, and introducing digital fabrication 
        as an essential new literacy.
            ``(5) To create new ways of educating the workforce that 
        will enable workers to compete in a 21st century global 
        marketplace.
    ``(b) Activities.--To attain the goals described in subsection (a), 
the corporation shall carry out activities, including the following:
            ``(1) Seeking, initially, to establish a minimum of one fab 
        lab in each Congressional District.
            ``(2) Seeking to establish additional labs within the 
        network created under subsection (a)(2), in response to local 
        demand, and to provide guidelines for their sustainable 
        operation.
            ``(3) Linking fab labs into a national network, and 
        promoting further expansion of fab labs across the United 
        States.
            ``(4) Serving as a resource to assist diverse public and 
        private stakeholders with the effective operation of fab labs, 
        and the training of fab lab leaders and mentors.
            ``(5) Maintaining a national registry of fab labs.
            ``(6) Providing standards and protocols for connecting fab 
        labs regionally, nationally, and globally.
``Sec. 250104. Membership and organization
    ``Except as provided in this chapter, eligibility for membership in 
the corporation and the rights and privileges of members are as 
provided in the constitution and bylaws of the corporation.
``Sec. 250105. Governing body
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), directors, 
officers, and other staff of the corporation, and their powers and 
duties, are as provided in the bylaws of the corporation.
    ``(b) Board Membership.--
            ``(1) Composition.--The board of the corporation shall be 
        composed of not fewer than 7 members and not more than 15 
        members.
            ``(2) Representation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The membership of the board of 
                the corporation shall collectively represent the 
                diversity of fab labs.
                    ``(B) Requirement.--At a minimum, the board of the 
                corporation shall be composed of members from 
                geographic regions across the United States, Tribal 
                communities, educational and research institutions, 
                libraries, nonprofit and commercial organizations, 
                diverse demographic groups, and the Fab Foundation.
                    ``(C) Individual representation.--An individual 
                member of the board of the corporation may represent 
                more than one board role and additional roles may be 
                added to reflect the diversity of the fab lab 
                ecosystem.
            ``(3) Selection.--The initial board of the corporation 
        shall be chosen, in consultation with the Fab Foundation and in 
        accordance with paragraph (2)(A), as follows:
                    ``(A) Two shall be appointed by the majority leader 
                of the Senate.
                    ``(B) Two shall be appointed by the minority leader 
                of the Senate.
                    ``(C) Two shall be appointed by the Speaker of the 
                House of Representatives.
                    ``(D) Two shall be appointed by the minority leader 
                of the House of Representatives.
``Sec. 250106. Powers
    ``The corporation may--
            ``(1) coordinate the creation of a national network of 
        local fab labs in the United States;
            ``(2) issue guidelines for the sustainable operation of fab 
        labs;
            ``(3) issue standards and guidelines for fab labs;
            ``(4) serve as a resource for organizations and communities 
        seeking to create fab labs by providing information, assessing 
        suitability, advising on the lab lifecycle, and maintaining 
        descriptions of prospective and operating sites;
            ``(5) accept funds from private individuals, organizations, 
        government agencies, or other organizations;
            ``(6) distribute funds to other organizations to establish 
        and operate fab labs as members of the corporation;
            ``(7) facilitate communication between other organizations 
        seeking to join the corporation with operational entities that 
        can source and install fab labs, provide training, assist with 
        operations, account for spending, and assess impact;
            ``(8) communicate the benefits available through membership 
        in the corporation to communities and the public;
            ``(9) facilitate and participate in synergistic programs, 
        including workforce training, job creation, researching the 
        enabling technology and broader impacts of such programs, and 
        the production of civic infrastructure;
            ``(10) develop processes and methods to mitigate risks 
        associated with digital fabrication;
            ``(11) amend a constitution and bylaws for the management 
        of its property and the regulation of its affairs;
            ``(12) choose directors, officers, trustees, managers, 
        employees, and agents as the activities of the corporation 
        require;
            ``(13) make contracts;
            ``(14) acquire, own, lease, encumber, and transfer property 
        as necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of the 
        corporation;
            ``(15) borrow money, issue instruments of indebtedness, and 
        secure its obligations by granting security interests in its 
        property;
            ``(16) charge and collect membership dues and subscription 
        fees; and
            ``(17) sue and be sued.
``Sec. 250107. Exclusive right to name, term, seals, emblems, and 
              badges
    ``The corporation and its participating digital fabrication labs 
have the exclusive right to use--
            ``(1) the name `National Fab Lab Network';
            ``(2) the term `fab lab' as referring to a member fab lab 
        of the corporation; and
            ``(3) any seals, emblems, and badges the corporation 
        adopts.
``Sec. 250108. Restrictions
    ``(a) Stock and Dividends.--The corporation may not issue 
securities of any kind or declare or pay a dividend.
    ``(b) Distribution of Income or Assets.--The income or assets of 
the corporation may not inure to the benefit of, or be distributed to, 
a director, officer, or member during the life of the charter of the 
corporation under this chapter. This subsection does not prevent the 
payment of reasonable compensation to an officer or reimbursement for 
actual necessary expenses in amounts approved by the board of 
directors.
    ``(c) Loans.--The corporation may not make a loan to a director, 
officer, or employee.
    ``(d) Claim of Governmental Approval or Authority.--The corporation 
may not claim congressional approval or the authority of the United 
States Government for any of its activities, but may recognize 
congressional approval of this charter.
``Sec. 250109. Records and inspection
    ``(a) Records.--The corporation shall keep--
            ``(1) correct and complete records of account;
            ``(2) minutes of the proceedings of its members, board of 
        directors, and committees having any of the authority of its 
        board of directors; and
            ``(3) at its principal office, a record of the names and 
        addresses of its members entitled to vote.
    ``(b) Inspections.--A member entitled to vote, or an agent or 
attorney of the member, may inspect the records of the corporation for 
any proper purpose, at any reasonable time.
``Sec. 250110. Duty to maintain tax exempt status
    ``The corporation shall maintain its status as an organization 
exempt from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 
1 et seq.).
``Sec. 250111. Liability for acts of officers and agents
    ``The corporation is liable for the acts of its officers and agents 
acting within the scope of their authority.
``Sec. 250112. Annual report
    ``Not less frequently than once each year, the corporation shall 
submit to Congress, including specifically to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, a 
report on the activities of the corporation during the prior fiscal 
year. The report shall be submitted at the same time as the report of 
the audit required by section 10101 of this title.''.
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