[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2066 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2066

  To review United States Saudi Arabia policy, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                              July 9, 2019

    Mr. Risch (for himself, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Rubio, and Mr. Coons) 
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 
                     Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To review United States Saudi Arabia policy, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Saudi Arabia 
Diplomatic Review Act of 2019'' or ``SADRA''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
     TITLE I--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF UNITED STATES SAUDI RELATIONS

Sec. 101. Sense of Congress on actions of the Government of the Kingdom 
                            of Saudi Arabia.
Sec. 102. Comprehensive review of the United States-Saudi bilateral 
                            relationship.
           TITLE II--SUPPORTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Denial of visas to certain officials of the Government of 
                            Saudi Arabia.
 TITLE III--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SAUDI GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES WITHIN 
                           THE UNITED STATES

Sec. 301. Preventing diplomats from aiding and abetting flights from 
                            justice.
Sec. 302. Review of Saudi facility activities.
  TITLE IV--PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THE WAR IN YEMEN AND PROTECTION OF 
                               CIVILIANS

Sec. 401. Statement of policy.
Sec. 402. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 403. Strategy for ending the war in Yemen.
Sec. 404. Measures in response to Iranian actions aggravating the civil 
                            war in Yemen.
Sec. 405. Report on accountability for violations of international law, 
                            including war crimes, and other harm to 
                            civilians in Yemen.
Sec. 406. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons hindering 
                            humanitarian access and threatening the 
                            peace or stability of Yemen.
Sec. 407. Report on interdiction of illegally supplied weapons to 
                            Yemen.
Sec. 408. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons supporting 
                            the Houthis in Yemen.
Sec. 409. Authority to enter into a cooperative agreement to protect 
                            civilians in Saudi Arabia and the United 
                            Arab Emirates from weaponized unmanned 
                            aerial systems.
Sec. 410. Emergency protection for Yemeni cultural property.
Sec. 411. Technical assistance to improve governance at the Central 
                            Bank of Yemen.
Sec. 412. Modification of certifications regarding actions by Saudi 
                            Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in 
                            Yemen.
                      TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 501. Rule of construction with respect to International Emergency 
                            Economic Powers Act.
Sec. 502. Rule of construction with respect to use of military force.
Sec. 503. Sunset.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms ``admission'', 
        ``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the meanings given those terms 
        in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
        1101).
            (2) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'', with respect to 
        conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has 
        actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 
        circumstance, or the result.

     TITLE I--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF UNITED STATES SAUDI RELATIONS

SEC. 101. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM 
              OF SAUDI ARABIA.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Historically, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been an 
        important strategic partner of the United States, and the 
        United States and Saudi Arabia share broad interests, including 
        defeating the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), combating 
        al Qaeda and its affiliates, regional stability, and countering 
        Iran's malign activities in the Middle East.
            (2) On June 21, 2017, King Salman appointed Prince Mohammed 
        bin Salman as Crown Prince and heir apparent to the Saudi 
        throne.
            (3) Following his elevation in the line of succession to 
        the Saudi throne, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's actions 
        have had the potential to significantly harm the United States 
        historic relationship with Saudi Arabia. The Crown Prince has 
        frequently behaved in a reckless manner, including arresting 
        those opposed to his rule. He has engaged in problematic 
        foreign policy, including pressuring the Lebanese Prime 
        Minister to resign, and he has consolidated his personal 
        control over Saudi government decision making.
            (4) One of Mohammed bin Salman's first acts as Saudi 
        Arabia's minister of defense was to launch a military campaign 
        in Yemen with the stated objective of restoring the 
        internationally recognized Government of Yemen, which had been 
        forced out of Yemen by Iran-backed Houthi forces and former 
        military units loyal to deposed President Ali Saleh.
            (5) As of July 2019, Iranian-sponsored Houthi rebels have 
        conducted up to 14 ballistic missile and weaponized unmanned 
        aerial system attacks per month against Saudi Arabia and the 
        United Arab Emirates, posing a significant threat and 
        endangering the lives of 80,000 Americans residing on the 
        Arabian Peninsula.
            (6) Yemen serves as sanctuary space for al Qaeda in the 
        Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). AQAP external operations plotting 
        poses a direct threat to the United States and United States 
        allies. AQAP was responsible for the Paris attacks against the 
        offices of Charlie Hebdo in January 2015, and was involved in 
        terrorist plots against the United States, including the 
        ``Christmas Day Bomber'' in 2009 and the ``Times Square 
        Bomber'' in 2010. The ongoing civil war and resulting 
        instability has complicated efforts to counter AQAP in Yemen.
            (7) Yemen sits adjacent to the Bab el-Mandeb strait, a 
        strategic waterway located between Djibouti and Yemen that 
        links the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean. Free flow of traffic 
        through the strait, only 18 miles across at its narrowest 
        point, is critical to exports from the Persian Gulf and Asia 
        destined for Western markets.
            (8) Iranian-sponsored Houthi coastal weapons, explosive 
        boats, and mines pose a direct threat to the free flow of 
        commerce and shipping through the Bab el-Mandeb strait.
            (9) In October 2016, Houthi forces struck a United Arab 
        Emirates merchant vessel, and twice attacked a United States 
        Navy vessel, the USS Mason, as they transited the Bab el-Mandeb 
        strait. In July 2018, Iranian-sponsored Houthi forces attacked 
        and damaged two Saudi oil tankers attempting to transit the 
        strait.
            (10) According to the United Nations, the civil war in 
        Yemen is the world's worst humanitarian crisis and has resulted 
        in approximately 24,000,000 Yemenis in need of humanitarian 
        assistance, roughly 80 percent of the population.
            (11) The Houthi seizure of the Sana'a Central Bank has 
        resulted in the inability to pay government salaries in Yemen 
        and the breakdown of banking functions, which has complicated 
        the humanitarian crisis and further hampered access to aid 
        supplies.
            (12) Despite framework agreements in Stockholm and 
        Hudaydah, the conflict in Yemen continues unabated.
            (13) On June 5, 2017, Saudi Arabia, along with the United 
        Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Egypt, and other countries, severed 
        diplomatic relations with Qatar, recalled their ambassadors, 
        expelled Qatari diplomats, and imposed limits on the entry and 
        transit of Qatari nationals and vessels in their territories, 
        waters, and airspace.
            (14) The blockade against Qatar has significantly 
        complicated relationships in the region and hindered United 
        States counterterrorism and counter-Iran objectives, undermined 
        United States efforts to end regional conflicts, and empowered 
        Iranian influence in the region.
            (15) According to the organization Reporters without 
        Borders, the number of arrests of journalists and bloggers has 
        doubled since the appointment of Crown Prince Mohammad bin 
        Salman.
            (16) Under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the Government 
        of Saudi Arabia continues to detain political prisoners, 
        including Saudi women's rights advocates.
            (17) Jamal Khashoggi was a prominent Saudi journalist and 
        an outspoken critic of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. 
        Throughout 2017 and 2018, Jamal Khashoggi wrote a series of 
        opinion articles offering pointed critiques and advice to Crown 
        Prince Mohammed bin Salman and to United States and Saudi 
        officials.
            (18) Prior to his death, Jamal Khashoggi had sought status 
        as a lawful permanent resident of the United States and was the 
        father to four United States citizens. On October 2, 2018, 
        Jamal Khashoggi disappeared during a visit to the Consulate of 
        the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul, Turkey.
            (19) On October 8, 2018, the brother of Crown Prince 
        Mohammed bin Salman and Saudi Ambassador to the United States, 
        Prince Khalid bin Salman, stated that ``the reports that 
        suggest that Jamal Khashoggi went missing in the Consulate in 
        Istanbul or that the Kingdom's authorities have detained him or 
        killed him are absolutely false, and baseless''.
            (20) On October 19, 2018, the Saudi Ministry of Foreign 
        Affairs announced that Mr. Khashoggi was murdered inside the 
        Saudi consulate by Saudi nationals on October 2, 2018.
            (21) On December 13, 2018, the Senate passed Senate Joint 
        Resolution 69, a joint resolution supporting a diplomatic 
        solution in Yemen and condemning the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, 
        stating that the Senate ``believes Crown Prince Mohammad bin 
        Salman is responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi'' and 
        calling on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to ensure appropriate 
        accountability for all those responsible for Jamal Khashoggi's 
        murder.
    (b) Sense of Congress Regarding the Actions of the Government of 
Saudi Arabia.--It is the sense of Congress that, since the promotion of 
Mohammad bin Salman to the position of Crown Prince with significant 
authority over foreign and domestic affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi 
Arabia, the Government of Saudi Arabia has demonstrated increasingly 
erratic and disturbing conduct that--
            (1) threatens to undermine and alienate allies, friends, 
        and partners of the United States in efforts to promote 
        regional stability, economic growth, and human rights;
            (2) threatens to place United States national interests in 
        the Middle East in serious danger; and
            (3) necessitates a comprehensive review of the United 
        States-Saudi bilateral relationship.

SEC. 102. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES-SAUDI BILATERAL 
              RELATIONSHIP.

    (a) Review.--The Secretary of State, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense, the Director of National Intelligence, and the 
Secretary of the Treasury and any other department or agency the 
President may designate, shall conduct a comprehensive review of United 
States relations with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to 
        the appropriate congressional committees a report with the 
        findings of the review conducted under subsection (a).
            (2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include:
                    (A) A review of the foreign policy goals of the 
                Government of Saudi Arabia, with an evaluation as to 
                whether those goals align with, or could potentially 
                cause damage to, United States regional interests.
                    (B) An evaluation of the current risks to United 
                States policy, interests, and influence in the Middle 
                East created by the actions of the Government of Saudi 
                Arabia in furtherance of its foreign policy goals, with 
                particular attention to violations of treaty 
                obligations, detention of foreign government officials, 
                and economic embargoes of countries in the region.
                    (C) An analysis of the current diplomatic 
                relationships between Saudi Arabia and other regional 
                and global actors--in particular, Saudi relationships 
                with the Russian Federation and the People's Republic 
                of China.
                    (D) An evaluation of the human rights record of the 
                current Government of Saudi Arabia and its compliance 
                with internationally recognized individual, civil, and 
                political rights, as set forth in the Universal 
                Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United 
                Nations General Assembly in Paris on December 10, 1948, 
                and other international agreements, in particular with 
                respect to the following factors:
                            (i) The extent to which officials of the 
                        Government of Saudi Arabia, including members 
                        of the military or security services, are 
                        responsible for or complicit in gross 
                        violations of internationally recognized human 
                        rights, including violations of the human 
                        rights of journalists, bloggers, and those who 
                        support women's rights or religious freedom.
                            (ii) The extent to which the Government of 
                        Saudi Arabia--
                                    (I) has knowingly blocked access to 
                                Yemeni ports, ports of entry, or other 
                                facilities used by the United Nations, 
                                its specialized agencies and 
                                implementing partners, nongovernmental 
                                organizations, or any other actors 
                                engaged in humanitarian relief 
                                activities in Yemen;
                                    (II) has hindered the efforts of 
                                the organizations described in 
                                subclause (I) to deliver humanitarian 
                                relief, including through diversion of 
                                goods and materials intended to provide 
                                relief to civilians in Yemen; and
                                    (III) has prohibited or directly or 
                                indirectly restricted the transport or 
                                delivery of United States humanitarian 
                                assistance to Yemen.
                            (iii) The extent to which Saudi Arabia has 
                        improved targeting and strike procedures to 
                        reduce harm to civilians and unnecessary 
                        collateral damage in Yemen.
                    (E) A review of United States export controls to 
                ensure certain exports of law enforcement technology 
                are not being used to suppress legitimate calls for 
                improvements in governance or human rights.
                    (F) A review of the diplomatic presence of Saudi 
                Arabia within the United States.
                    (G) An evaluation of United States security 
                cooperation with Saudi Arabia, including an evaluation 
                of how--
                            (i) the Government of Saudi Arabia has used 
                        the defense articles and defense services it 
                        has received from the United States;
                            (ii) its junior officers and 
                        noncommissioned officers have performed in 
                        military campaigns since 2001; and
                            (iii) the military of Saudi Arabia is 
                        equipped and trained for asymmetric warfare.
                    (H) An evaluation of whether and to what extent 
                United States entities with licenses issued by the 
                Department of State have trained and supported Saudi 
                security forces.
                    (I) An evaluation of the ability of the Government 
                of Saudi Arabia to influence global oil prices.
                    (J) A review of the financial and material support 
                of the Government of Saudi Arabia for the construction 
                or renovation of educational institutions abroad that 
                promote Salafism, Wahhabism, or other strict 
                interpretations of Islam and to what extent those 
                institutions have contributed to a rise in extremist 
                views globally.
                    (K) Any other matters that the Secretary of State 
                considers relevant.
            (3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
    (c) Period of Review.--The review required under subsection (a) 
shall cover the period beginning with the appointment of Mohammad bin 
Salman to the position of Deputy Crown Prince.
    (d) Establishment of Mechanism for Public Comment.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Department of State shall establish 
        a mechanism to provide a 30-day period to receive written 
        comments from interested parties, including a process for--
                    (A) initial public notification that the Department 
                is conducting a review;
                    (B) guidance on the scope of the review; and
                    (C) the receipt of public comments.
            (2) Public availability.--The Department of State shall 
        endeavor to make comments received from the public available in 
        a timely and easily accessible manner.
    (e) Consideration of Public Comments.--The Department shall 
consider public comments received but may use discretion with respect 
to the inclusion of public comments in its evaluation, analysis, and 
conclusions in the report required under subsection (b).
    (f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 
        Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 
        Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on 
        Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

           TITLE II--SUPPORTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA

SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Since May 2018, the Government of Saudi Arabia has 
        arrested prominent women's rights advocates and imposed travel 
        bans on numerous others--many of them longtime supporters of 
        ending the ban on women driving and abolishing the male 
        guardianship system.
            (2) Many of the jailed activists have not been charged with 
        or convicted of any crimes, and many reportedly have been held 
        in solitary confinement for prolonged periods.
            (3) At least 10 women's rights activists have been 
        subjected to psychological and physical abuse, including sexual 
        violence, beatings, electric shocks, and sleep deprivation, 
        according to press reports.
            (4) According to the 2018 Department of State Human Rights 
        Report, Saudi Arabia human rights violations and issues 
        included arbitrary arrest and detention, the detention of 
        political prisoners, torture of prisoners, criminalization of 
        libel, censorship, and restrictions on peaceful assembly.

SEC. 202. DENIAL OF VISAS TO CERTAIN OFFICIALS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF 
              SAUDI ARABIA.

    (a) In General.--The President shall deny any visa to, and revoke 
any visa of, any individual who is--
            (1) a citizen of Saudi Arabia--
                    (A) descended from King Abd al Aziz bin Abd al 
                Rahman Al Saud (aka Abdulaziz ibn Saud); and
                    (B) serving in a position in the Government of 
                Saudi Arabia that the President determines is 
                equivalent to--
                            (i) a position in the Executive Schedule 
                        specified in subchapter II of chapter 53 of 
                        title 5, United States Code; or
                            (ii) a Senior Executive Service position 
                        (as defined in section 3132 of title 5, United 
                        States Code) in the United States; or
            (2) a spouse or child of an individual described in 
        paragraph (1).
    (b) Exception for Compliance With International Obligations.--
Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an 
individual to the United States if such admission is necessary to 
comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the 
United Nations and the United States of America regarding the 
Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, under the Convention on 
Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into 
force March 19, 1967, or under other international obligations.
    (c) Waivers.--
            (1) Participants in international military education and 
        training program.--The President may waive the application of 
        subsection (a) with respect to an individual who is a 
        participant in the International Military Education and 
        Training program.
            (2) National interest waiver.--The President may waive the 
        application of subsection (a) with respect to an individual if 
        the President determines that the waiver is important to the 
        national interests of the United States.
            (3) Report on waivers.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 30 days after 
                issuing a waiver under paragraph (1) or (2), the 
                President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
                committees a report on the waiver and the reasons for 
                issuing the waiver.
                    (B) Form of report.--A report required by 
                subparagraph (A) may be submitted in classified form if 
                necessary.
    (d) Termination.--This section shall terminate on the date on which 
the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
that the Government of Saudi Arabia has made demonstrable progress in 
addressing arbitrary detentions, forced disappearances, and torture of 
prisoners.
    (e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 
        Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 
        Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on 
        Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

 TITLE III--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SAUDI GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES WITHIN 
                           THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 301. PREVENTING DIPLOMATS FROM AIDING AND ABETTING FLIGHTS FROM 
              JUSTICE.

    (a) Reporting Requirement.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
        coordination with the Attorney General and the Director of 
        National Intelligence, shall submit a report to the President 
        and the appropriate congressional committees that describes the 
        degree to which any citizen of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who 
        enjoys diplomatic immunity from criminal jurisdiction in the 
        United States has assisted in the unlawful removal of any Saudi 
        citizen in the United States for the purposes of evading 
        criminal prosecution or otherwise evading a criminal sentence 
        in the United States.
            (2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include the following elements:
                    (A) A review of the extent to which officials from 
                the Government of Saudi Arabia assist in the posting of 
                bond for Saudi nationals facing criminal prosecution 
                within the United States.
                    (B) A review as to whether officials from the 
                Government of Saudi Arabia have aided, abetted, or 
                assisted in any way Saudi nationals in avoiding 
                criminal prosecution in the United States, including an 
                assessment as to the scope and frequency of any such 
                conduct.
                    (C) A review as to whether officials from the 
                Government of Saudi Arabia have harbored or concealed 
                Saudi nationals after escape from the lawful custody of 
                a Federal, State, or local law enforcement authority or 
                penal or correctional institution, including an 
                assessment as to the scope and frequency of any such 
                conduct.
                    (D) A review of how the Government of Saudi 
                Arabia's conduct compares to that of other foreign 
                governments.
                    (E) A review of the effectiveness of terms of bail 
                requiring the surrender of a foreign national's 
                passport as a condition of release at preventing 
                foreign nationals from fleeing Federal, State, and 
                local criminal justice systems within the United 
                States, including an assessment of any shortcomings in 
                current policies.
                    (F) Any other matter the Secretary of State 
                determines relevant.
            (3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
        annex.
            (4) Inclusion of information in report on cases involving 
        diplomatic immunity.--Any conclusions reached during the 
        preparation of the report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        included in the first Report on Cases Involving Diplomatic 
        Immunity submitted to Congress pursuant to sections 56 and 204B 
        of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 
        U.S.C. 2728 and 4304b) after the date of the enactment of this 
        Act.
            (5) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
                Committee on the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on 
                Intelligence of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee 
                on the Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on 
                Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
    (b) Presidential Authorization.--If the report required under 
subsection (a) concludes that officials from the Government of Saudi 
Arabia have aided, abetted, or assisted in the unlawful removal of 
Saudi nationals from the United States or harbored Saudi nationals 
within the United States for the purpose of avoiding criminal 
prosecution or evading law enforcement authorities, the President is 
authorized to enforce any of the measures described in subsection (c).
    (c) Penalties.--
            (1) Denial of use of certain diplomatic facilities.--
        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may 
        deny access to and use by the Government of Saudi Arabia of 
        Saudi-owned diplomatic facilities and properties located at 
        2045 Sawtelle Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, or 8500 
        Hilltop Road, Fairfax, Virginia.
            (2) Suspension of flights to and from the united states by 
        saudi arabian air carriers.--
                    (A) Suspension of operating permit.--
                            (i) In general.--Notwithstanding any 
                        agreement between the United States and Saudi 
                        Arabia relating to air services, the President 
                        may suspend the permit of a foreign air carrier 
                        owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by 
                        the Government of Saudi Arabia to operate in 
                        foreign air transportation under chapter 413 of 
                        title 49, United States Code.
                            (ii) Procedures.--If the President 
                        determines under clause (i) to suspend the 
                        permit of an air carrier described in that 
                        clause--
                                    (I) the President shall notify the 
                                Government of Saudi Arabia of the 
                                intention of the President to suspend 
                                the permit; and
                                    (II) not later than 10 days after 
                                the President notifies that Government 
                                of that intention, the Secretary of 
                                Transportation shall take such measures 
                                as may be necessary to suspend the 
                                permit at the earliest possible date.
                    (B) Suspension of air service agreement.--
                            (i) In general.--The President may direct 
                        the Secretary of State to terminate any 
                        agreement between the United States and Saudi 
                        Arabia relating to air services in accordance 
                        with the provisions of that agreement.
                            (ii) Suspension of operating permit.--Upon 
                        termination of an agreement under clause (i), 
                        the Secretary of Transportation may take such 
                        measures as may be necessary to revoke, at the 
                        earliest possible date, the permit of any 
                        foreign air carrier owned or controlled, 
                        directly or indirectly, by the Government of 
                        Saudi Arabia to operate in foreign air 
                        transportation under chapter 413 of title 49, 
                        United States Code.
                    (C) Exceptions.--The Secretary of Transportation 
                may provide for such exceptions to subparagraphs (A) 
                and (B) as the Secretary considers necessary to address 
                emergencies in which the safety of an aircraft or the 
                crew or passengers on an aircraft is threatened.
                    (D) Definitions.--In this paragraph, the terms 
                ``foreign air carrier'' and ``foreign air 
                transportation'' have the meanings given those terms in 
                section 40102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
    (d) Additional Consequences for Engaging in Prohibited Conduct.--A 
foreign official enjoying diplomatic immunity in the United States who 
aids, abets, or assists in the unlawful removal of any foreign national 
from the United States or harbors any foreign national within the 
United States for the purpose of avoiding criminal prosecution or 
evading a law enforcement authority may be subject to one or more of 
the following measures:
            (1) Submission of a request for a waiver of immunity from 
        the United States to the sending country for the purposes of 
        pursuing criminal prosecution within the United States.
            (2) A declaration that the official is persona non grata 
        and is expelled from the United States, without replacement of 
        that position.
            (3) Revocation of any existing visa or other relevant entry 
        documentation, which may include denial of future visa 
        requests.
            (4) Sanctions described under subsection (e).
    (e) Imposition of Sanctions.--
            (1) In general.--The President may exercise all of the 
        powers granted to the President under the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the 
        extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in 
        property and interests in property of a foreign official 
        described in subsection (d) if such property and interests in 
        property are in the United States, come within the United 
        States, or are or come within the possession or control of a 
        United States person.
            (2) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The 
        requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for 
        purposes of paragraph (1).
            (3) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
                    (A) In general.--The authority to block and 
                prohibit all transactions in all property and interests 
                in property under paragraph (1) shall not include the 
                authority to impose sanctions on the importation of 
                goods.
                    (B) Good.--In this paragraph, the term ``good'' 
                means any article, natural or manmade substance, 
                material, supply or manufactured product, including 
                inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical 
                data.
            (4) Implementation; penalties.--
                    (A) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
                authorities provided to the President under sections 
                203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic 
                Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) for purposes of 
                carrying out the provisions of this subsection.
                    (B) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in 
                subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the 
                International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
                1705) shall apply to a person that violates, attempts 
                to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation 
                of paragraph (1), or any regulation, license, or order 
                issued to carry out that paragraph, to the same extent 
                that such penalties apply to a person that commits an 
                unlawful act described in section 206(a) of that Act.

SEC. 302. REVIEW OF SAUDI FACILITY ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Report Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Attorney General, shall submit a report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that provides a comprehensive review of the 
activities of the Saudi facility located at 8500 Hilltop Road, Fairfax, 
Virginia. The report shall include an assessment of the extent to which 
the Saudi facility engages in surveillance activities of Saudi students 
and other Saudi nationals in the United States.
    (b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 
        the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the 
        Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
        of the House of Representatives.

  TITLE IV--PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THE WAR IN YEMEN AND PROTECTION OF 
                               CIVILIANS

SEC. 401. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) that responsibly ending the civil war in Yemen will 
        further United States national security interests, including by 
        increasing regional stability, ensuring the free flow of 
        commerce through the region, and preventing al Qaeda in the 
        Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State from 
        capitalizing on Yemen's instability to threaten the United 
        States homeland;
            (2) to support United Nations-led efforts to achieve a 
        cease-fire and a comprehensive political settlement that leads 
        to a territorially unified, stable, and independent Yemen;
            (3) to insist on the urgent need for a political solution 
        consistent with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2216 
        (2015), or any successor United Nations Security Council 
        Resolution demanding an end to violence in Yemen and a peaceful 
        resolution of the conflict in that country;
            (4) to generally oppose statements, policies, or actions 
        advocating for a military solution to the civil war in Yemen as 
        counterproductive to peace efforts;
            (5) to encourage the Government of Saudi Arabia, the 
        Government of the United Arab Emirates, and the internationally 
        recognized Government of Yemen to develop and promote 
        confidence-building measures that create opportunities for 
        political dialogue to end the war in Yemen and address the 
        humanitarian crisis;
            (6) in the interests of achieving a lasting peace in Yemen, 
        to encourage security partners of the United States enjoying 
        full diplomatic relations with the Government of Iran to use 
        their good offices to influence or pressure the Government of 
        Iran, as necessary, to end its support of the Houthi rebels; 
        and
            (7) to support the implementation of the agreement reached 
        between the parties to the conflict at Stockholm, Sweden, on 
        December 13, 2018 (referred to in this title as the ``Stockholm 
        Agreement''), and the Hudaydah Agreement of December 18, 2018 
        (referred to in this title as the ``Hudaydah Agreement''), and 
        any successor agreements the parties may enter into, consistent 
        with--
                    (A) United Nations Security Council Resolution 2451 
                (2018);
                    (B) United Nations Security Council Resolution 
                2452, establishing the United Nations Mission to 
                support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) (2019); and
                    (C) any relevant successor resolutions the United 
                Nations Security Council may adopt.

SEC. 402. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) continued direct negotiations between the Government of 
        Saudi Arabia, the Government of the United Arab Emirates, the 
        internationally recognized Government of Yemen, and 
        representatives of the Houthi movement are necessary--
                    (A) to reach a stable political solution;
                    (B) to implement the agreements reached between the 
                Saudi-led coalition, the internationally recognized 
                Government of Yemen, local Yemeni forces, and the 
                Houthis, including the Stockholm Agreement, the 
                Hudaydah Agreement, and any successor agreements the 
                parties may enter into;
                    (C) to address the suffering of the Yemeni people; 
                and
                    (D) to counter efforts by Iran, al Qaeda in the 
                Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), other al Qaeda adherents and 
                affiliates, and the Islamic State to exploit 
                instability for their own malign purposes;
            (2) finding a peaceful solution to conflict in Yemen is 
        complicated by the actions and demands of other separatist 
        groups;
            (3) the Government of Saudi Arabia, the Government of the 
        United Arab Emirates, and the Government of Iran should bear 
        financial responsibility for the economic stabilization and 
        eventual reconstruction of Yemen; and
            (4) the United States and the international community must 
        continue to support the work of United Nations missions to 
        achieve a political solution to the civil war in Yemen.

SEC. 403. STRATEGY FOR ENDING THE WAR IN YEMEN.

    (a) Strategy.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter until a complete 
cessation of hostilities in the Yemen civil war, the Secretary of 
State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of National 
Intelligence shall provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional 
committees on progress toward ending the war in Yemen.
    (b) Elements.--The briefing required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) a summary of the United States national security 
        interests threatened by continued civil war and instability in 
        Yemen;
            (2) a description of the steps and reciprocal confidence-
        building measures necessary to end the civil war in Yemen and 
        achieve a territorially unified, stable, and independent Yemen;
            (3) a description of efforts to implement the Stockholm 
        Agreement, the Hudaydah Agreement, and successor agreements;
            (4) a description of whether the Saudi-led coalition, 
        including the United Arab Emirates, the internationally 
        recognized Government of Yemen, the Houthis, and local Yemeni 
        forces, including forces aligned with Al-Islah and the Southern 
        Transition Council, are taking the necessary steps referred to 
        in paragraphs (2) and (3);
            (5) a description of United States activities to encourage 
        all parties to take the necessary steps referred to in 
        paragraphs (2) and (3);
            (6) an assessment of the threat posed by al Qaeda and ISIS 
        in Yemen to United States national security, including--
                    (A) a comprehensive list of all sources of support 
                received by these groups; and
                    (B) an assessment regarding whether the activities 
                of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and ISIS in Yemen 
                have expanded or diminished since the beginning of the 
                war in Yemen;
            (7) an assessment of the Government of Iran's activities in 
        Yemen, including--
                    (A) a comprehensive list of Iranian malign 
                activities in and around Yemen, including through the 
                use of proxies;
                    (B) a comprehensive summary of all recipients of 
                malign Iranian support in Yemen; and
                    (C) an assessment regarding whether the scope of 
                the Government of Iran's influence and activities in 
                Yemen have increased or decreased since the beginning 
                of the war in Yemen;
            (8) a description of the Government of the Russian 
        Federation's activities in Yemen and an assessment of the 
        Government of the Russian Federation's objectives for such 
        activities; and
            (9) any other matters relevant to ending the civil war in 
        Yemen, including efforts to alleviate tensions in the South.
    (c) Form.--The briefing required in this section may be provided in 
classified form, as necessary.
    (d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 404. MEASURES IN RESPONSE TO IRANIAN ACTIONS AGGRAVATING THE CIVIL 
              WAR IN YEMEN.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) On November 10, 2014, the administration of President 
        Barack Obama designated the leadership of the Iranian-supported 
        Houthi insurgent group, and the ally of that group, the former 
        President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh, for the imposition of 
        sanctions under Executive Order 13611 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; 
        relating to blocking property of persons threatening the peace, 
        security, or stability of Yemen).
            (2) Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps has transferred 
        increasingly sophisticated weapons systems to the Houthis, who 
        have in turn fired missiles into Saudi Arabia from positions in 
        northern Yemen, including a missile in November 2017 that 
        targeted Riyadh International Airport. In response, then-
        Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley called on ``the 
        United Nations and international partners to take necessary 
        action to hold the Iranian regime accountable for these 
        violations''.
            (3) In addition to weapons, Iran is reportedly providing 
        proxies, including Hezbollah, to train Houthi units and act as 
        logistical advisers.
            (4) The Iranian-supported Houthis have attacked coalition 
        or coalition-affiliated maritime targets multiple times, a 
        United States Navy ship twice, and other shipping, forcing the 
        United States to respond with a combination of diplomacy and 
        calibrated military strikes against three radar facilities in 
        Houthi-controlled territory.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to condemn the activities conducted by the Government 
        of Iran that--
                    (A) aggravate the civil war in Yemen; or
                    (B) undermine United Nations peace efforts in 
                Yemen; and
            (2) to call on all responsible governments to take measures 
        to reduce conflict in Yemen, including by--
                    (A) interdicting weapons being transferred from 
                Iran to the Houthis; and
                    (B) imposing bilateral and multilateral sanctions 
                with respect to Iran for its violations of United 
                Nations Security Council Resolutions with respect to 
                Yemen.
    (c) Determinations With Respect to Certain Iranian Persons 
Responsible for Aggravating the Civil War in Yemen.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
        coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit 
        to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the 
        actions taken by the Department of State and the Department of 
        the Treasury to carry out Executive Order 13611 that includes--
                    (A) a description of the activities carried out by 
                Iranian persons that are subject to sanctions under 
                that Executive order; and
                    (B) an identification of the persons with respect 
                to which sanctions have been imposed under that 
                Executive order for aggravating the civil war in Yemen.
            (2) Form of report.--Each report submitted under paragraph 
        (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a 
        classified annex.
    (d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 405. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 
              INCLUDING WAR CRIMES, AND OTHER HARM TO CIVILIANS IN 
              YEMEN.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) all participants in hostilities in Yemen should refrain 
        from engaging in generally proscribed practices involving 
        arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, torture, and other 
        unlawful treatment; and
            (2) participants in hostilities in Yemen should fully 
        cooperate with the United Nations Panel of Experts on Yemen.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that describes the causes and consequences of 
civilian harm occurring in the armed conflict in Yemen, including war 
crimes and gross violations of human rights, as a result of the actions 
of all parties involved in hostilities in Yemen.
    (c) Elements.--The report required under subsection (b) shall 
include the following elements:
            (1) A description of possible civilian harm occurring in 
        the context of the armed conflict in Yemen, including--
                    (A) mass casualty incidents; and
                    (B) damage to, and destruction of, civilian 
                infrastructure and services, including--
                            (i) hospitals and other medical facilities;
                            (ii) electrical grids;
                            (iii) water systems;
                            (iv) ports and port infrastructure; and
                            (v) other critical infrastructure.
            (2) A description of possible violations of the law of 
        armed conflict committed during the war in Yemen by--
                    (A) all forces involved in the Saudi-led coalition 
                and all forces fighting on its behalf;
                    (B) members of the Houthi movement and all forces 
                fighting on its behalf;
                    (C) members of violent extremist organizations; and
                    (D) any other combatants in the conflict.
            (3) As examples of possible violations referred to in 
        paragraph (2), a description of--
                    (A) alleged war crimes;
                    (B) specific instances of failure by the parties to 
                the conflict to exercise distinction, proportionality, 
                and precaution in the use of force in accordance with 
                the law of armed conflict;
                    (C) arbitrary denials of humanitarian access and 
                the resulting impact on the alleviation of human 
                suffering;
                    (D) detention-related abuses;
                    (E) the use of child soldiers; and
                    (F) other acts that may constitute violations of 
                the law of armed conflict.
            (4) Recommendations for establishing accountability 
        mechanisms for the civilian harm, war crimes, other violations 
        of the law of armed conflict, and gross violations of human 
        rights perpetrated by parties to the conflict in Yemen, 
        including the potential for prosecuting individuals responsible 
        for perpetrating, organizing, directing, or ordering such 
        violations.
    (d) Form.--The report required under subsection (b) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
    (e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives.

SEC. 406. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS HINDERING 
              HUMANITARIAN ACCESS AND THREATENING THE PEACE OR 
              STABILITY OF YEMEN.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
President should continue to implement Executive Order 13611 (50 U.S.C. 
1701 note; relating to blocking property of persons threatening the 
peace, security, or stability of Yemen).
    (b) Imposition of Sanctions.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanctions 
described in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign person that the 
President determines--
            (1) knowingly blocks the transport or delivery of 
        significant humanitarian goods or services through Yemeni 
        ports, ports of entry, or other facilities used by actors 
        engaged in legitimate humanitarian relief activities in Yemen;
            (2) otherwise intentionally and significantly hinders 
        humanitarian efforts of actors engaged in legitimate 
        humanitarian relief activities in Yemen, including through the 
        diversion of goods and services intended to provide relief to 
        civilians in Yemen;
            (3) knowingly engages in significant acts with the intent 
        to undermine the United Nations-led political process to end 
        the conflict in Yemen; or
            (4) knowingly materially assists, sponsors, or provides 
        significant financial, material, or technological support for, 
        or significant goods or services to or in support of, acts 
        described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) or any person the 
        property and interests in property of which are blocked in 
        connection with such acts.
    (c) Sanctions Described.--
            (1) In general.--The sanctions described in this subsection 
        are the following:
                    (A) Asset blocking.--The President shall, pursuant 
                to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
                U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all 
                transactions in property and interests in property of a 
                person subject to subsection (b) if such property and 
                interests in property are in the United States, come 
                within the United States, or are or come within the 
                possession or control of a United States person.
                    (B) Aliens ineligible for visas, admission, or 
                parole.--
                            (i) Exclusion from the united states.--The 
                        Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and 
                        the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
                        exclude from the United States, any alien 
                        subject to subsection (b).
                            (ii) Current visas revoked.--
                                    (I) In general.--The issuing 
                                consular officer, the Secretary of 
                                State, or the Secretary of Homeland 
                                Security (or a designee of any such 
                                officer or Secretary) shall revoke any 
                                visa or other entry documentation 
                                issued to an alien subject to 
                                subsection (b), regardless of when the 
                                visa or other documentation was issued.
                                    (II) Effect of revocation.--A 
                                revocation under subclause (I) shall 
                                take effect immediately and shall 
                                automatically cancel any other valid 
                                visa or entry documentation that is in 
                                the alien's possession.
            (2) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The 
        requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for 
        purposes of paragraph (1)(A).
    (d) Exceptions.--
            (1) Humanitarian assistance.--Subsection (c)(1) shall not 
        apply to any act incidental or necessary to the provision of 
        humanitarian assistance.
            (2) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
                    (A) In general.--The requirement to block and 
                prohibit all transactions in all property and interests 
                in property under subsection (c)(1)(A) shall not 
                include the authority to impose sanctions on the 
                importation of goods.
                    (B) Good.--In this paragraph, the term ``good'' 
                means any article, natural or manmade substance, 
                material, supply or manufactured product, including 
                inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical 
                data.
            (3) Compliance with international obligations.--Subsection 
        (c)(1)(B) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an 
        alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to 
        comply with United States obligations under the Agreement 
        between the United Nations and the United States of America 
        regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at 
        Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 
        1947, under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at 
        Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, 
        or under other international obligations.
    (e) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
        authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 
        1704) to carry out this section.
            (2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to 
        violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of 
        subsection (c)(1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order 
        issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the 
        penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 
        of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
        act described in subsection (a) of that section.
    (f) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The President may--
                    (A) waive the application of this section for a 
                period of not more than 180 days if the President 
                certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
                that such a waiver is in the national security 
                interests of the United States; and
                    (B) may renew that waiver for additional periods of 
                not more than 180 days each.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after issuing a 
        waiver under paragraph (1), and every 180 days thereafter while 
        the waiver remains in effect, the President shall brief the 
        appropriate congressional committees on the reasons for the 
        waiver.
    (g) Termination.--This section and sanctions imposed under this 
section shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees a certification that all 
parties are making good faith efforts to implement the Stockholm 
Agreement, the Hudaydah Agreement, and any successor agreements, in an 
effort to end the conflict.
    (h) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 407. REPORT ON INTERDICTION OF ILLEGALLY SUPPLIED WEAPONS TO 
              YEMEN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report--
            (1) assessing the manner and extent to which the government 
        of any other country may be supplying weapons to Houthi rebels 
        in Yemen, in violation of the applicable United Nations 
        Security Council resolutions;
            (2) describing the strategy and efforts of the United 
        States Government to interdict such illegally supplied weapons 
        to Yemen; and
            (3) describing the strategy and efforts of countries on the 
        Arabian Peninsula to take reasonable measures to prohibit the 
        flow of illicit cargo by both land and sea routes into Yemen.
    (b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted 
in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House 
                of Representatives.
            (2) Arabian peninsula.--The term ``Arabian peninsula'' 
        means Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United 
        Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

SEC. 408. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS SUPPORTING 
              THE HOUTHIS IN YEMEN.

    (a) Determination.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall determine if the Houthi 
movement has engaged meaningfully in United Nations-led efforts for a 
comprehensive political settlement that leads to a territorially 
unified, stable, and independent Yemen.
    (b) Sanctions.--If the President is unable to determine under 
subsection (a) that the Houthi movement has engaged meaningfully with 
the efforts described in that subsection, the President shall impose 
the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign 
person that the President determines--
            (1) knowingly materially assists, sponsors, or provides 
        significant financial, material, or technological support for, 
        or goods or services to or in support of, the Houthi movement 
        in Yemen;
            (2) knowingly engages in any significant activity that 
        materially contributes to the supply, sale, or direct or 
        indirect transfer to or from the Houthi movement in Yemen of 
        any lethal aid, including firearms or ammunition, battle tanks, 
        armored vehicles, artillery or mortar systems, aircraft, attack 
        helicopters, weaponized maritime vessels, missiles or missile 
        systems, explosives or explosive mines of any type (as such 
        terms are defined for the purpose of the United Nations 
        Register of Conventional Arms), ground-to-air missiles, 
        unmanned aerial vehicles, or related materiel, including spare 
        parts; or
            (3) knowingly provides any significant technical training, 
        financial resources or services, advice, other significant 
        services or assistance related to the supply, sale, transfer, 
        manufacture, maintenance, or use of arms and related materiel 
        described in paragraph (2) to the Houthi movement in Yemen.
    (c) Sanctions Described.--
            (1) In general.--The sanctions described in this subsection 
        are the following:
                    (A) Asset blocking.--The President shall, pursuant 
                to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
                U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all 
                transactions in property and interests in property of a 
                person subject to subsection (b) if such property and 
                interests in property are in the United States, come 
                within the United States, or are or come within the 
                possession or control of a United States person.
                    (B) Aliens ineligible for visas, admission, or 
                parole.--
                            (i) Exclusion from the united states.--The 
                        Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and 
                        the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
                        exclude from the United States, any alien 
                        subject to subsection (b).
                            (ii) Current visas revoked.--
                                    (I) In general.--The issuing 
                                consular officer, the Secretary of 
                                State, or the Secretary of Homeland 
                                Security (or a designee of any such 
                                officer or Secretary) shall revoke any 
                                visa or other entry documentation 
                                issued to an alien subject to 
                                subsection (b), regardless of when the 
                                visa or other documentation was issued.
                                    (II) Effect of revocation.--A 
                                revocation under subclause (I) shall 
                                take effect immediately and shall 
                                automatically cancel any other valid 
                                visa or entry documentation that is in 
                                the alien's possession.
            (2) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The 
        requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for 
        purposes of paragraph (1)(A).
    (d) Exceptions.--
            (1) Humanitarian assistance.--Subsection (c)(1) shall not 
        apply to any act incidental or necessary to the provision of 
        humanitarian assistance.
            (2) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
                    (A) In general.--The requirement to block and 
                prohibit all transactions in all property and interests 
                in property under subsection (c)(1)(A) shall not 
                include the authority to impose sanctions on the 
                importation of goods.
                    (B) Good.--In this paragraph, the term ``good'' 
                means any article, natural or man-made substance, 
                material, supply or manufactured product, including 
                inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical 
                data.
            (3) Compliance with international obligations.--Subsection 
        (c)(1)(B) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an 
        alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to 
        comply with United States obligations under the Agreement 
        between the United Nations and the United States of America 
        regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at 
        Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 
        1947, under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at 
        Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, 
        or under other international obligations.
    (e) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
        authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 
        1704) to carry out this section.
            (2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to 
        violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of 
        subsection (c)(1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order 
        issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the 
        penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 
        of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
        act described in subsection (a) of that section.
    (f) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The President may--
                    (A) waive the application of this section for a 
                period of not more than 180 days if the President 
                certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
                that such a waiver is in the national security 
                interests of the United States; and
                    (B) may renew that waiver for additional periods of 
                not more than 180 days each.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after issuing a 
        waiver under paragraph (1), and every 180 days thereafter while 
        the waiver remains in effect, the President shall brief the 
        appropriate congressional committees on the reasons for the 
        waiver.
    (g) Termination.--This section and sanctions imposed under this 
section shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees a certification that the 
Houthi movement is making good faith efforts to implement the Stockholm 
Agreement, the Hudaydah Agreement, and any successor agreements, in an 
effort to end the conflict.
    (h) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 409. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT TO PROTECT 
              CIVILIANS IN SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 
              FROM WEAPONIZED UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) In January 2019, Houthi fighters launched an attack on 
        a Saudi military parade, using an unmanned aerial systems 
        killing 7 people and marking one of many Houthi attacks using 
        unmanned aerial systems.
            (2) United States military officials have publicly 
        confirmed that the Government of Iran is providing parts to the 
        Houthis to build unmanned aerial systems.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the partner countries of the United States in the 
        Arabian Peninsula face urgent and emerging threats from armed 
        unmanned aerial systems and other unmanned aerial vehicles 
        launched from Yemen by the Houthis;
            (2) joint research and development to counter unmanned 
        aerial systems will serve the national security interests of 
        the United States and its partners in the Arabian Peninsula; 
        and
            (3) the United States and partners in the Arabian Peninsula 
        should continue to work together to protect United States 
        citizens and personnel in the Middle East and civilians in the 
        Arabian Peninsula in the face of the threat from unmanned 
        aerial systems.
    (c) Authority To Enter Into Agreement.--
            (1) In general.--The President is authorized to enter into 
        a cooperative project agreement with countries in the Arabian 
        Peninsula under the authority of section 27 of the Arms Export 
        Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767) to carry out research on and 
        development, testing, evaluation, and joint production 
        (including follow-on support) of defense articles and defense 
        services to detect, track, and destroy armed unmanned aerial 
        systems that threaten the United States and its partners in the 
        Arabian Peninsula.
            (2) Applicable requirements.--The cooperative project 
        agreement described in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) shall provide that any activities carried out 
                pursuant to the agreement are subject to--
                            (i) the applicable requirements described 
                        in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section 
                        27(b)(2) of the Arms Export Control Act; and
                            (ii) any other applicable requirements of 
                        the Arms Export Control Act with respect to the 
                        use, transfer, and security of such defense 
                        articles and defense services under that Act; 
                        and
                    (B) shall establish a framework to negotiate the 
                rights to intellectual property developed under the 
                agreement.
    (d) Arabian Peninsula Defined.--In this section, the term ``Arabian 
Peninsula'' means Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the 
United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

SEC. 410. EMERGENCY PROTECTION FOR YEMENI CULTURAL PROPERTY.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that an 
agreement with the legitimate Government of Yemen, as recognized by the 
United States, is necessary to achieve the following interests:
            (1) Ensuring the protection and preservation of the 
        cultural heritage of the people of Yemen.
            (2) Furthering the interests of all nations in the 
        historical preservation of unique items of Yemeni cultural 
        history.
            (3) Ensuring appropriate actions will be taken to protect 
        Yemeni cultural sites from looting and to prevent trafficking 
        in stolen Yemeni archeological or ethnological material as 
        defined by section 302 of the Convention on Cultural Property 
        Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 2601).
            (4) Protecting the legitimate property rights of persons 
        lawfully owning or possessing Yemeni archeological or 
        ethnological material.
    (b) Negotiation With the Government of Yemen To Establish and 
Implement a Cultural Patrimony Agreement.--Not later than 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall consult with 
the legitimate Government of Yemen, as recognized by the United States, 
for the purpose of entering into an agreement with Yemen as a State 
Party to the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the 
Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 
of 1970 in accordance with section 303 of the Convention on Cultural 
Property Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 2206).
    (c) Adjudication of Claims of Ownership of Cultural Property Seized 
or Otherwise Detained by United States Officials Under the Authorities 
Provided by This Section.--Claims of ownership or control of property 
seized or otherwise detained by United States authorities pursuant to 
this section shall be adjudicated under the provisions of the Civil 
Assets Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-185).
    (d) Reporting Requirement.--
            (1) Consultation with cultural property advisory 
        committee.--The Department of State shall consult with the 
        Cultural Property Advisory Committee established under section 
        306 of the Cultural Property Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 
        2605) regarding any agreement on cultural patrimony with the 
        Government of Yemen as authorized by this Act.
            (2) Report.--The Secretary of State shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees the report of the Cultural 
        Property Advisory Committee prepared pursuant to section 306 of 
        the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (19 
        U.S.C. 2605(f)), with redactions as necessary to protect any 
        proprietary information (including trade secrets and commercial 
        or financial information that is privileged or confidential) 
        submitted in confidence by the private sector to officers or 
        employees of the United States or to the Committee in 
        connection with the responsibilities of the Committee.
            (3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (2) may be 
        provided in classified form, as necessary.
    (e) Safe Harbor Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The President may waive import 
        restrictions established under the authorities of this section 
        if the President certifies to the appropriate congressional 
        committees that--
                    (A)(i) the owner or lawful custodian of the 
                specified archaeological or ethnological material of 
                Yemen has requested that such material be temporarily 
                located in the United States for protection purposes; 
                or
                    (ii) if no owner or lawful custodian can reasonably 
                be identified--
                            (I) the President determines that, for 
                        purposes of protecting and preserving such 
                        material, the material should be temporarily 
                        located in the United States; and
                            (II) the material will be returned to the 
                        owner or lawful custodian when such owner or 
                        lawful custodian can be identified and has made 
                        a request for the property to be returned; and
                    (B) there is no credible evidence that the return 
                of the property will contribute to illegal trafficking 
                in archaeological or ethnological material of Yemen or 
                financing of criminal or terrorist activities.
            (2) Custody.--If the President grants a waiver under this 
        subsection, the specified archaeological or ethnological 
        material of Yemen that is the subject of such waiver shall be 
        placed in the temporary custody of the United States Government 
        or in the temporary custody of a cultural or educational 
        institution within the United States for the purpose of 
        protection, restoration, conservation, study, or exhibition, 
        without profit.
            (3) Immunity from seizure.--Any archaeological or 
        ethnological material that enters the United States pursuant to 
        a waiver granted under this section shall have immunity from 
        seizure under Public Law 89-259 (22 U.S.C. 2459). All 
        provisions of Public Law 89-259 shall apply to such material as 
        if immunity from seizure had been granted under that law.
    (f) Inapplicability of Sunset Provision.--Notwithstanding section 
602, the authorities provided under this section shall continue beyond 
the 5-year sunset specified in such section 602.
    (g) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Finance of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Ways and Means of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 411. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO IMPROVE GOVERNANCE AT THE CENTRAL 
              BANK OF YEMEN.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation 
with the Secretary of State, may provide technical assistance to the 
internationally recognized Government of Yemen for the purpose of 
improving governance at the Central Bank of Yemen.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) restoring the functionality of the Central Bank of 
        Yemen will help unlock donor commitments and mitigate the 
        effects of the humanitarian crisis in Yemen;
            (2) restoring the governance capacity of the Central Bank 
        should be an important goal of any peace effort in Yemen; and
            (3) in providing technical assistance pursuant to 
        subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury should take into 
        account the following near-term objectives:
                    (A) Enhancing the governance and organization of 
                the Central Bank, including revising the organizational 
                structure and decision-making processes of the Central 
                Bank and instituting best internal audit and risk 
                management practices.
                    (B) Improving market oversight and ending the 
                multiplicity of exchange rates that have the potential 
                to create distortions, including harmful arbitrage, 
                corruption, and rent-seeking.
                    (C) Improving the domestic payments system to build 
                trust in the Central Bank and to facilitate the 
                transfer of humanitarian assistance, public salaries, 
                and social assistance throughout Yemen.
                    (D) Strengthening banking supervision, including 
                the regulatory framework and bank supervisory process.

SEC. 412. MODIFICATION OF CERTIFICATIONS REGARDING ACTIONS BY SAUDI 
              ARABIA AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES IN YEMEN.

    Section 1290 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d), by striking ``Not later than 180 and 
        360 days'' and inserting ``Not later than 720 and 900 days'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections 
        (h) and (i), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (f) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(g) Submittal of Certification Required Notwithstanding 
Cessation, Pause, or Cancellation of In-Flight Refueling.--
Notwithstanding a cessation, pause, or cancellation of authorized in-
flight refueling under section 2342 of title 10, United States Code, or 
other applicable statutory authority, of Saudi or Saudi-led coalition 
non-United States aircraft conducting missions in Yemen, the Secretary 
of State shall submit the certifications required under subsections (c) 
and (d).''.

                      TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 501. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION WITH RESPECT TO INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY 
              ECONOMIC POWERS ACT.

    Nothing in this Act may be construed to limit the authority of the 
President pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

SEC. 502. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF MILITARY FORCE.

    Nothing in this Act may be construed as an authorization for the 
use of military force.

SEC. 503. SUNSET.

    This Act shall cease to be effective on the date that is 5 years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act.
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