[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1558 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1558

 To establish a coordinated Federal initiative to accelerate research 
    and development on artificial intelligence for the economic and 
    national security of the United States, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                              May 21, 2019

Mr. Heinrich (for himself, Mr. Portman, and Mr. Schatz) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                 Commerce, Science, and Transportation

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To establish a coordinated Federal initiative to accelerate research 
    and development on artificial intelligence for the economic and 
    national security of the United States, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act'' or ``AI-IA''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
  TITLE I--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
                               INITIATIVE

Sec. 101. National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development 
                            Initiative.
Sec. 102. National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office.
Sec. 103. Interagency Committee on Artificial Intelligence.
Sec. 104. National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee.
Sec. 105. Study on the artificial intelligence workforce.
  TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL 
                        INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES

Sec. 201. National Institute of Standards and Technology activities on 
                            artificial intelligence.
 TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS 
           FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

Sec. 301. Research and education program on artificial intelligence and 
                            artificial intelligence engineering.
Sec. 302. Multidisciplinary Centers for Artificial Intelligence 
                            Research and Education.
  TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND 
                          DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Sec. 401. Research and development program on artificial intelligence.

SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) there is a need for a National Artificial Intelligence 
        Initiative, including a comprehensive strategy for and 
        coordination across agencies on research and development on 
        artificial intelligence;
            (2) there are currently several interagency committees 
        working on related tasks with respect to artificial 
        intelligence; and
            (3) the reporting structure of such committees could be 
        simplified to address efficiently the goals of an initiative 
        described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
        intelligence'' includes the following:
                    (A) Any artificial system that performs tasks under 
                varying and unpredictable circumstances without 
                significant human oversight, or that can learn from 
                experience and improve performance when exposed to data 
                sets.
                    (B) An artificial system developed in computer 
                software, physical hardware, or other context that 
                solves tasks requiring human-like perception, 
                cognition, planning, learning, communication, or 
                physical action.
                    (C) An artificial system designed to think or act 
                like a human, including cognitive architectures and 
                neural networks.
                    (D) A set of techniques, including machine 
                learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive 
                task.
                    (E) An artificial system designed to act 
                rationally, including an intelligent software agent or 
                embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, 
                planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision 
                making, and acting.
            (2) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' 
        means the advisory committee established or designated under 
        section 104.
            (3) Emerging research institution.--The term ``emerging 
        research institution'' means an institution of higher education 
        that--
                    (A) receives less than $20,000,000 in Federal 
                research funding annually; and
                    (B) may grant a doctoral degree.
            (4) Industry.--The term ``industry'' means entities in 
        industries relevant to artificial intelligence.
            (5) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the National 
        Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Initiative 
        established under section 101.
            (6) Institutions of higher education.--The term 
        ``institutions of higher education'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001).
            (7) Interagency committee.--The term ``Interagency 
        Committee'' means the interagency committee established or 
        designated under section 103.
            (8) K-12 education.--The term ``K-12 education'' means 
        elementary school and secondary education, as such terms are 
        defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
            (9) Machine learning.--The term ``machine learning'' means 
        a subfield of artificial intelligence that is characterized by 
        giving computers the autonomous ability to progressively 
        optimize performance of a specific task based on data without 
        being explicitly programmed.
            (10) Minority-serving institution.--The term ``minority-
        serving institution'' means any of the following:
                    (A) A Hispanic-serving institution (as defined in 
                section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1101a(a))).
                    (B) A Tribal College or University (as defined in 
                section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1059c(b))).
                    (C) An Alaska Native-serving institution (as 
                defined in section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act 
                of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))).
                    (D) A Native Hawaiian-serving institution (as 
                defined in section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act 
                of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))).
                    (E) A Predominantly Black Institution (as defined 
                in section 318(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
                (20 U.S.C. 1059e(b))).
                    (F) A Native American-serving nontribal institution 
                (as defined in section 319(b) of the Higher Education 
                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059f(b))).
                    (G) An Asian American and Native American Pacific 
                Islander-serving institution (as defined in section 
                320(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                1059g(b))).

  TITLE I--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
                               INITIATIVE

SEC. 101. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
              INITIATIVE.

    The President shall establish and implement an initiative with 
respect to artificial intelligence to be known as the ``National 
Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Initiative''. In 
carrying out the Initiative, the President shall, acting through 
appropriate Federal entities, including the Networking and Information 
Technology Research and Development Program--
            (1) establish objectives, priorities, and metrics for 
        strategic plans under section 103(d) to accelerate development 
        of science and technology applications for artificial 
        intelligence in the United States;
            (2) invest in research, development, demonstration, 
        application to analysis and modeling, and other activities with 
        respect to science and technology in artificial intelligence;
            (3) support the development of a workforce pipeline for 
        science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence 
        by making strategic investments to--
                    (A) expand the number of researchers, educators, 
                and students with training in science and technology in 
                artificial intelligence;
                    (B) increase the number of skilled and trained 
                workers from underrepresented communities who can 
                contribute to the development of artificial 
                intelligence and artificial intelligence technology, 
                diversify the artificial intelligence workforce, and 
                expand the artificial intelligence workforce pipeline;
                    (C) promote the development and inclusion of 
                multidisciplinary curricula and research opportunities 
                for science and engineering with respect to artificial 
                intelligence, including advanced technological 
                education, during the primary, secondary, 
                undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral, adult learning, 
                and career retraining stages of education; and
                    (D) equip workers with the knowledge and skill sets 
                required to operate effectively in occupations and 
                workplaces that will be increasingly influenced by 
                artificial intelligence;
            (4) facilitate coordination of efforts and collaboration 
        with respect to research and development of artificial 
        intelligence among government agencies, Federal and national 
        laboratories, nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher 
        education, and industry;
            (5) leverage existing Federal research investments, and 
        partner with industry and institutions of higher education to 
        leverage knowledge and resources, to advance objectives and 
        priorities of the Initiative;
            (6) strengthen research, development, demonstration, and 
        applications in science and technology with respect to 
        artificial intelligence by--
                    (A) addressing gaps in basic research knowledge 
                with respect to artificial intelligence through 
                research;
                    (B) promoting the further development of facilities 
                and centers available for research, testing, and 
                education in science and technology with respect to 
                artificial intelligence;
                    (C) stimulating research on, and promoting more 
                rapid development and commercialization of, artificial 
                intelligence-based technologies;
                    (D) promoting research into the effects of 
                artificial intelligence and applications of artificial 
                intelligence on society, the workforce and workplace, 
                and individuals, including those from underrepresented 
                communities;
                    (E) promoting data and model sharing among the 
                Federal government, academic researchers, the private 
                sector, and other practitioners of artificial 
                intelligence;
                    (F) identifying and minimizing inappropriate bias 
                in data sets, algorithms, and other aspects of 
                artificial intelligence; and
                    (G) supporting efforts to create metrics to assess 
                safety, security, and reliability of applications of 
                science and technology with respect to artificial 
                intelligence; and
            (7) ensure that research, development, demonstration, and 
        applications efforts with respect to artificial intelligence 
        create measurable benefits for all individuals in the United 
        States, including members of disadvantaged and underrepresented 
        groups.

SEC. 102. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COORDINATION OFFICE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, in consultation with the Director of the National 
Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of 
Commerce, shall establish or designate, and appoint a director of, an 
office to be known as the ``National Artificial Intelligence 
Coordination Office'' (in this section referred to as the ``Office'').
    (b) Duties.--The Office shall--
            (1) provide technical and administrative support to the 
        Advisory Committee;
            (2) serve as the point of contact on Federal artificial 
        intelligence activities for government organizations, academia, 
        industry, professional societies, State artificial intelligence 
        programs, interested citizen groups, and others to exchange 
        technical and programmatic information;
            (3) conduct public outreach, including dissemination of 
        findings and recommendations of the Advisory Committee (as 
        appropriate); and
            (4) promote access to and development of early applications 
        of the technologies, innovations, and expertise that benefit 
        the public derived from Initiative activities to agency 
        missions and systems across the Federal Government, and to 
        United States industry, including startup companies.
    (c) Funding.--The Office shall be funded through interagency 
funding.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report on funding for the 
National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office. The report shall 
include--
            (1) the amount of funding required to adequately fund the 
        Office;
            (2) the adequacy of existing mechanisms to fund the Office; 
        and
            (3) the actions taken by the director of the Office to 
        ensure stable funding for the Office.

SEC. 103. INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall establish or designate an interagency committee 
to be known as the ``Interagency Committee on Artificial 
Intelligence''.
    (b) Composition; Chairs.--
            (1) Composition.--The Interagency Committee shall be 
        comprised of representatives from the following, as detailed to 
        the Interagency Committee by the head of the agency concerned:
                    (A) The National Institute of Standards and 
                Technology.
                    (B) The National Science Foundation.
                    (C) The Department of Energy.
                    (D) The National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration.
                    (E) The Department of Defense.
                    (F) The Office of the Director of National 
                Intelligence.
                    (G) The Office of Management and Budget.
                    (H) The Office of Science and Technology Policy.
                    (I) The National Institutes of Health.
                    (J) Any other Federal agency the Director of the 
                Office of Science and Technology Policy considers 
                appropriate.
            (2) Co-chairs.--The Interagency Committee shall be co-
        chaired by the following:
                    (A) The Secretary of Energy.
                    (B) The Director of the Office of Science and 
                Technology Policy.
                    (C) The Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology.
                    (D) The Director of the National Science 
                Foundation.
    (c) Duties.--The Interagency Committee shall--
            (1) coordinate, and make recommendations for, activities 
        and programs of Federal agencies on research and education with 
        respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence 
        technology;
            (2) establish objectives and priorities for the Initiative, 
        consistent with the objectives and purposes specified in 
        section 101, based on identified knowledge and workforce gaps 
        and other national needs;
            (3) assess and recommend Federal infrastructure needs to 
        support the Initiative; and
            (4) evaluate opportunities for international cooperation 
        with strategic allies on research and development with respect 
        to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence 
        technology.
    (d) Strategic Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Interagency Committee shall develop a 5-year 
strategic plan, and 6 years after enactment of this Act develop an 
additional 5-year strategic plan, with periodic updates (as 
appropriate), to guide the activities of the Initiative, meet 
Initiative goals and priorities, and anticipate outcomes at 
participating agencies. In carrying out this subsection, the 
Interagency Committee should take into consideration reports from the 
Advisory Committee.

SEC. 104. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
(in this section referred to as the ``Director'') shall establish or 
designate an advisory committee to be known as the ``National 
Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee''.
    (b) Qualification of Members.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, in consultation with the Director of the Office of 
        Science and Technology Policy, shall appoint as members of the 
        Advisory Committee individual who are qualified to provide 
        advice and information on research, development, 
        demonstrations, education, infrastructure, technology transfer, 
        commercial applications, and concerns of a national security, 
        social, or economic nature with respect to artificial 
        intelligence and artificial intelligence technology. The 
        Director shall seek public input, and individuals so appointed 
        shall collectively have expertise on a wide range of defense 
        and non-defense artificial intelligence matters.
            (2) Limitation.--Not more than half of the members of the 
        Advisory Committee may be representatives of the artificial 
        intelligence industry.
    (c) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall advise the Director of 
the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Interagency 
Committee on Artificial Intelligence under section 103 on matters 
relating to the Initiative, including assessing--
            (1) trends and developments in artificial intelligence, 
        including the current and near future state of artificial 
        intelligence systems and forecasting;
            (2) progress made in implementing the Initiative;
            (3) the need to revise the Initiative;
            (4) balance among the components of the Initiative, 
        including funding levels for component areas of the Initiative;
            (5) whether the component areas, priorities, and technical 
        goals of the Initiative are helping to maintain United States 
        leadership in artificial intelligence and artificial 
        intelligence technology;
            (6) the management, coordination, implementation, and 
        activities of the Initiative; and
            (7) whether societal, ethical, legal, environmental, and 
        workforce concerns with respect to artificial intelligence and 
        artificial intelligence technology are adequately addressed by 
        the Initiative.
    (d) Reports.--Not later than 4 years after the date of the most 
recent assessment under subsection (c), and quadrennially thereafter, 
the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Director of the National 
Science Foundation, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report on its assessments 
under subsection (c) and its recommendations for ways to improve the 
Initiative.
    (e) Travel Expenses of Non-Federal Members.--Non-Federal members of 
the Advisory Committee, while attending meetings of the Advisory 
Committee or while otherwise serving at the request of the head of the 
Advisory Committee away from their homes or regular places of business, 
may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States 
Code, for individuals in the government serving without pay. Nothing in 
this subsection shall be construed to prohibit members of the Advisory 
Committee who are officers or employees of the United States from being 
allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in 
accordance with existing law.
    (f) Exemption From Sunset.--Section 14 of the Federal Advisory 
Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory 
Committee.

SEC. 105. STUDY ON THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WORKFORCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the National Artificial Intelligence 
Coordination Office shall seek to enter into a contract with a 
federally funded research and development center for a study on the 
mechanisms that produce or contribute to the workforce in artificial 
intelligence (including researchers and specialists in artificial 
intelligence and users of artificial intelligence) in order to identify 
and develop actions to ensure an appropriate increase in the size, 
quality, and diversity of the workforce.
    (b) Collaboration in Study.--The contract referred to in subsection 
(a) shall require the federally funded research and development center 
entering into the contract to do the following:
            (1) Collaborate with the Secretary of Commerce, the 
        Commissioner of Labor Statistics, and the Director of the 
        Census in developing a comprehensive and detailed understanding 
        of the workforce needs of and employment opportunities in the 
        artificial intelligence field, by State and by region.
            (2) Collaborate in carrying out the study with educational 
        institutions, State and local workforce development boards, 
        nonprofit organizations, labor organizations, apprenticeship 
        programs, industry, and other entities in the artificial 
        intelligence field.
            (3) Collaborate with minority-serving institutions in order 
        to facilitate the sharing of best practices and approaches for 
        increasing and retaining underrepresented populations in the 
        artificial intelligence field.
            (4) Facilitate the sharing of best practices and approaches 
        for the development and sustainment of the workforce in 
        artificial intelligence that are identified or developed 
        through the study among--
                    (A) entities in the artificial intelligence field, 
                State and local workforce development boards, nonprofit 
                organizations, labor organizations, and apprenticeship 
                programs that provide training programs for employment 
                in the artificial intelligence field; and
                    (B) educational institutions that seek to establish 
                such training programs.
    (c) Department of Labor Annual Report on Job Creation.--Ech year 
while the contract referred to in subsection (a) is in force, the 
Secretary of Labor shall, using information derived from the study 
described in that subsection and other appropriate information, issue 
to the public a report on job creation in the artificial intelligence 
field during the preceding year.

  TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL 
                        INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES

SEC. 201. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES ON 
              ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

    (a) In General.--As part of the Initiative, the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology (in this section 
referred to as the ``Director'') shall--
            (1) support the development of measurements and standards 
        necessary to advance commercial development of artificial 
        intelligence applications, including by--
                    (A) developing measurements and standards;
                    (B) supporting efforts to develop measurements and 
                consensus standards by standards development 
                organizations; and
                    (C) modernizing the infrastructure used for 
                benchmarking artificial intelligence technologies;
            (2) establishing and supporting collaborative ventures or 
        consortia with public or private sector entities, including 
        institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and 
        industry for the purpose of advancing fundamental and applied 
        research and development on artificial intelligence; and
            (3) use existing authorities to award contracts as 
        necessary to carry out the Initiative, including cooperative 
        agreements and other similar transactions.
    (b) Artificial Intelligence Outreach.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall conduct outreach--
                    (A) to receive input from stakeholders on the 
                development of a plan to address future measurements 
                and standards related to artificial intelligence; and
                    (B) to provide an opportunity for public comment on 
                any such measurements or standards.
            (2) Meetings.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of the enactment of this Act, and a periodic basis 
                thereafter, as the Director determines appropriate, the 
                Director shall convene 1 or more meetings of 
                stakeholders, including technical expert 
                representatives from government organizations, 
                industry, and institutions of higher education, to 
                discuss topics described in subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Topics.--Meetings under subparagraph (A) may 
                cover topics that the Director determines to be 
                important to the development of standards and 
                measurements with respect to artificial intelligence, 
                including--
                            (i) cybersecurity;
                            (ii) algorithm accountability;
                            (iii) algorithm explainability;
                            (iv) algorithm trustworthiness;
                            (v) establishment of a common lexicon for 
                        artificial intelligence; and
                            (vi) resources and methods for benchmarking 
                        artificial intelligence technologies.
                    (C) Purposes.--The purposes of meetings under this 
                paragraph shall be--
                            (i) to assess contemporary research on the 
                        topics determined by the Director under 
                        subparagraph (B);
                            (ii) to evaluate research gaps relating to 
                        such topics;
                            (iii) to provide an opportunity for 
                        stakeholders to provide recommendations on the 
                        research to be addressed by the National 
                        Institute of Standards and Technology and the 
                        Initiative; and
                            (iv) to coordinate engagement with 
                        international standards bodies in order to 
                        ensure United States leadership in the 
                        development of global technical standards, 
                        including witb respect to artificial 
                        intelligence and cybersecurity.
            (3) Report to congress.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall transmit 
        to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
        the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
        of the House of Representatives a report summarizing the 
        results of outreach and meetings conducted under this 
        subsection.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024, $40,000,000 to 
carry out this section.

 TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS 
           FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

SEC. 301. RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND 
              ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENGINEERING.

    (a) In General.--As part of the Initiative, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation (in this section referred to as the 
``Director'') shall establish and implement a research and education 
program on artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence 
engineering.
    (b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program required under 
subsection (a), the Director shall--
            (1) continue to support interdisciplinary research on, and 
        human resources development in, all aspects of science and 
        engineering with respect to artificial intelligence, 
        including--
                    (A) algorithm accountability;
                    (B) minimization of inappropriate bias in training 
                data sets or algorithmic feature selection;
                    (C) qualitative and quantitative forecasting of 
                future capabilities and applications; and
                    (D) societal and ethical implications of artificial 
                intelligence;
            (2) use existing authorities and programs and collaborate 
        with other Federal agencies--
                    (A) to improve teaching and learning in science and 
                engineering with respect to artificial intelligence 
                during the primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, 
                postgraduate, adult learning, and career retraining 
                stages of education;
                    (B) to increase participation in artificial 
                intelligence fields, including by individuals 
                identified in sections 33 and 34 of the Science and 
                Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a, 
                1885b);
                    (C) to formulate goals for education activities in 
                engineering and research with respect to artificial 
                intelligence to be supported by the National Science 
                Foundation related to topics important to the 
                Initiative, including--
                            (i) algorithm accountability;
                            (ii) algorithm explainability;
                            (iii) consumer data privacy;
                            (iv) assessment and minimization of 
                        inappropriate bias in training data and output;
                            (v) societal and ethical implications of 
                        the use of artificial intelligence;
                            (vi) algorithm trustworthiness; and
                            (vii) algorithmic forecasting;
                    (D) to engage with institutions of higher 
                education, research communities, potential users of 
                information produced under this section, entities in 
                the private sector, and non-Federal entities--
                            (i) to leverage the collective body of 
                        knowledge from existing research and education 
                        activities with respect to artificial 
                        intelligence and artificial intelligence 
                        engineering; and
                            (ii) to support partnerships among 
                        institutions of higher education and industry 
                        that facilitate collaborative research, 
                        personnel exchanges, and workforce development 
                        with respect to artificial intelligence and 
                        artificial intelligence engineering;
                    (E) to coordinate research efforts with respect to 
                artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence 
                engineering funded through existing programs across the 
                directorates of the National Science Foundation;
                    (F) to ensure adequate access to research and 
                education infrastructure with respect to artificial 
                intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering, 
                including through development of hardware and 
                facilitation of the use of computing resources, 
                including cloud-based computing services; and
                    (G) to increase participation rates in research and 
                education on artificial intelligence among 
                underrepresented communities by engaging with minority-
                serving institutions.
    (c) Graduate Traineeships.--In carrying out the program required 
under subsection (a), the Director may provide traineeships to graduate 
students at institutions of higher education who--
            (1) are United States nationals or aliens lawfully admitted 
        for permanent residence in the United States; and
            (2) who choose to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in 
        artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence engineering.

SEC. 302. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
              RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
(in this section referred to as the ``Director''), in consultation with 
other appropriate Federal agencies, shall award grants to eligible 
entities to establish up to 5 research and education centers (in this 
section referred to as ``Centers'') to conduct research and education 
activities in support of the Initiative. Each Center established 
pursuant to such a grant shall be known as a ``Multidisciplinary Center 
for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education''.
    (b) Eligible Entities.--For purposes of this section, an eligible 
entity is any entity as follows:
            (1) An institution of higher education.
            (2) A relevant nonprofit organization.
            (3) A State or local government.
            (4) A consortium of entities that consists of--
                    (A) two or more entities specified in paragraphs 
                (1) through (3); or
                    (B) at least one entity specified in such 
                paragraphs and a relevant private sector organization 
                that is not a nonprofit organization.
    (c) Minimum Number of Grants for Certain Purposes.--
            (1) K-12 education.--Not less than 1 grant under this 
        section must be for a Center with the primary purpose of 
        integrating artificial intelligence into K-12 education.
            (2) Minority-serving institution.--Not less than 1 grant 
        under this section must be for a Center located at a minority-
        serving institution.
    (d) Application.--An eligible entity seeking funding under this 
section shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in 
such manner, and containing such information as the Director may 
require. The application shall include--
            (1) a plan for the proposed Center--
                    (A) to work with other research institutions, 
                emerging research institutions, and industry to 
                leverage expertise in artificial intelligence, 
                education and curricula development, and technology 
                transfer;
                    (B) to promote active collaboration among 
                researchers in multiple disciplines and across multiple 
                institutions involved in artificial intelligence 
                research including physics, engineering, mathematical 
                sciences, computer and information science, biological 
                and cognitive sciences, material science, education, 
                and social and behavioral sciences (such as industrial-
                organizational psychology);
                    (C) to integrate into the activities of such Center 
                consideration of the ethics of development, technology 
                usage, and data collection, storage, and sharing 
                (including training data sets) in connection with 
                artificial intelligence;
                    (D) to support long-term and short-term workforce 
                development in artificial intelligence, including 
                broadening participation of underrepresented 
                communities; and
                    (E) to support an innovation ecosystem to work with 
                industry to translate Center research into applications 
                and products; and
            (2) a description of the anticipated long-term impact of 
        such Center beyond the termination of support under this 
        section.
    (e) Selection and Duration.--
            (1) In general.--A Center established using a grant under 
        this section may receive funding under this section for a 
        period of 5 years.
            (2) Extension.--Such a Center may apply for, and the 
        Director may grant, an extension of a grant under this section 
        for an additional 5-year period.
            (3) Termination.--The Director may terminate for cause 
        funding under this section for a Center that underperforms.
    (f) Funding.--During each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024, the 
amount provided each fiscal year for a Center established pursuant to 
this section through a grant under this section shall be $20,000,000.

  TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND 
                          DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

SEC. 401. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

    (a) Program Required.--As a part of the Initiative, the Secretary 
of Energy (in this section referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall 
carry out a research and development program on artificial 
intelligence.
    (b) Components.--In carrying out the program required under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) formulate objectives for research on artificial 
        intelligence to be supported by the Department of Energy that 
        are consistent with the Initiative;
            (2) leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing 
        research on artificial intelligence;
            (3) coordinate research efforts on artificial intelligence 
        that are funded through existing programs across the 
        Department;
            (4) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
        communities, and potential users of information produced under 
        this section;
            (5) build, maintain, and, to the extent practicable, make 
        available for use by academic, government, and private sector 
        researchers the computing hardware and software necessary to 
        carry out the program; and
            (6) establish and maintain on an Internet website of the 
        Department available to the public a resource center that--
                    (A) provides current information and resources on 
                training programs for employment in artificial 
                intelligence; and
                    (B) otherwise serves as a resource for educational 
                institutions, State and local workforce development 
                boards, nonprofit organizations, and apprenticeship 
                programs seeking to develop and implement training 
                programs for employment in artificial intelligence.
    (c) Research Centers.--
            (1) Grants.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
        may award grants to eligible entities to establish and operate 
        up to 5 artificial intelligence research centers (in this 
        subsection referred to as ``Centers'') for the purposes 
        described in paragraph (3).
            (2) Selection.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (C), grants under this subsection shall be awarded 
                through a competitive, merit-reviewed process.
                    (B) Eligible entities.--For purposes of this 
                subsection, an eligible entity is any entity as 
                follows:
                            (i) An institution of higher education.
                            (ii) A relevant nonprofit organization.
                            (iii) A State or local government.
                            (iv) A National Laboratory or a federally 
                        funded research and development center.
                            (v) A consortium of entities that consists 
                        of--
                                    (I) two or more entities specified 
                                in clauses (i) through (iv); or
                                    (II) at least one entity specified 
                                in such clauses and a relevant private 
                                sector organization that is not a 
                                nonprofit organization.
                    (C) National security laboratory.--At least 1 of 
                the grants under this subsection shall be awarded to a 
                national security laboratory of the National Nuclear 
                Security Administration.
            (3) Purposes.--The purposes of the Centers established 
        under this subsection are--
                    (A) to serve the needs of the Department and such 
                academic, educational, and private sector entities as 
                the Secretary considers appropriate;
                    (B) to advance research and education in artificial 
                intelligence and facilitate improvement in the 
                competitiveness of the United States; and
                    (C) to provide access to computing resources to 
                promote scientific progress and enable users from 
                institutions of higher education, educational 
                institutions, the National Laboratories, and industry--
                            (i) to make scientific discoveries relevant 
                        to research in artificial intelligence;
                            (ii) to conduct research to accelerate 
                        scientific breakthroughs in science and 
                        technology with respect to artificial 
                        intelligence;
                            (iii) to support research conducted under 
                        this section; and
                            (iv) to increase the distribution of 
                        research infrastructure and broaden the 
                        spectrum of students exposed to research in 
                        artificial intelligence at institutions of 
                        higher education (including emerging research 
                        institutions).
            (4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of each Center with the activities of--
                    (A) other research entities of the Department, 
                including the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, the 
                Energy Frontier Research Centers, and the Energy 
                Innovation Hubs; and
                    (B) industry.
            (5) Duration.--
                    (A) In general.--Any center selected and 
                established under this section is authorized to carry 
                out activities for a period of 5 years.
                    (B) Extension.--Such a Center may apply for, and 
                the Director may grant, an extension of a grant under 
                this section for an additional 5-year period.
                    (C) Termination.--Consistent with existing 
                authorities of the Department, the Secretary may 
                terminate for cause a Center that underperforms during 
                the performance period.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024 for the 
Department of Energy, $300,000,000 to be available for the Department 
to carry out this section.
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