[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6210 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
116th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 6210
Ensuring that goods made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China do not enter the
United States market, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
March 11, 2020
Mr. McGovern (for himself, Mr. Smith of New Jersey, Mr. Suozzi, Mr.
Malinowski, Mrs. Hartzler, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, Mr. Meadows,
Mr. Yoho, Mr. Gallagher, Mr. Raskin, Ms. Tlaib, and Ms. Wexton)
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means,
the Judiciary, and Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
Ensuring that goods made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China do not enter the
United States market, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention
Act''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) In the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the
Government of the People's Republic of China has established a
system of extrajudicial mass internment camps arbitrarily
detaining as many as 1.8 million Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and
members of other Muslim minority groups who have been subjected
to forced labor, torture, political indoctrination, and severe
human rights abuses.
(2) Forced labor exists within the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region's system of mass internment camps, and
throughout the region, and is confirmed by the testimony of
former camp detainees, satellite imagery, and official leaked
documents from the government of the People's Republic of China
as part of a targeted campaign of repression of Muslim ethnic
minorities.
(3) There is a very high risk that many factories and other
suppliers in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are
exploiting forced labor according to reports from researchers,
media, and civil society groups. Audits to vet products and
supply chains in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are not
possible due to the extent forced labor has contaminated the
regional economy, the mixing of involuntary labor with
voluntary labor, the inability of witnesses to speak freely
about working conditions given heavy government surveillance
and coercion, and the strong incentive of government officials
to conceal government-sponsored forced labor.
(4) In its June 2019 Trafficking in Persons Report, the
Department of State found that ``Authorities offer subsidies
incentivizing Chinese companies to open factories in close
proximity to the internment camps, and local governments
receive additional funds for each inmate forced to work in
these sites at a fraction of minimum wage or without any
compensation.''.
(5) In September 2019, U.S. Customs and Border Protection
issued a ``Withhold Release Order'' on garments produced by
Hetian Taida Apparel Co., Ltd. due to ``suspected prison or
forced labor'' from its factories in the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region.
(6) In its 2019 Annual Report, the Congressional-Executive
Commission on China (CECC) found that products reportedly
produced with forced labor by current and former mass
internment camp detainees included textiles, electronics, food
products, shoes, tea, and handicrafts.
(7) According to public reports, the following companies
are or have been suspected of directly employing forced labor
or sourcing from suppliers that are suspected of using forced
labor: Adidas, Badger Sportswear, Calvin Klein, Campbell Soup
Company, Coca-Cola Company, COFCO Tunhe Company, Costco, Esquel
Group, Esprit, H&M, Hetian Taida, Huafu Fashion Company, Kraft
Heinz Company, Litai Textiles, Nike, Inc., Patagonia, Inc.,
Tommy Hilfiger, Urumqi Shengshi Huaer Culture Technology
Company, Yili Zhuo Wan Garment Manufacturing Company, and
Zhihui Haipai Internet of Things Technology Company.
(8) Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307)
states that it is illegal to import into the United States
``goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or
manufactured wholly or in part'' by forced labor. Such
merchandise is subject to exclusion or seizure and may lead to
criminal investigation of the importer.
(9) The policies of the Government of the People's Republic
of China are in contravention of international human rights
standards, including--
(A) the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, which China has signed but not yet ratified;
(B) the International Covenant on Economic, Social,
and Cultural Rights, ratified by the People's Republic
of China in 2001; and
(C) the United Nations Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially
Women and Children (Palermo Protocol), to which China
is a state party.
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States--
(1) to prohibit the import of all goods, wares, articles,
or merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured, wholly or in
part, by forced labor from the People's Republic of China and
particularly any such goods, wares, article, or merchandise
produced in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
(2) to encourage the international community to reduce the
import of any goods made with forced labor from China,
particularly those goods mined, manufactured, or produced in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
(3) to actively work to prevent, publicly denounce, and end
human trafficking as a horrific assault on human dignity and to
restore the lives of those affected by human trafficking, a
modern form of slavery;
(4) to regard the prevention of atrocities as in its
national interest, including efforts to prevent torture,
enforced disappearances, severe deprivation of liberty,
including mass internment, arbitrary detention, and widespread
and systematic use of forced labor, and persecution targeting
any identifiable ethnic or religious group; and
(5) to address gross violations of human rights in Xinjiang
Uyghur Autonomous Region through bilateral diplomatic channels
and multilateral institutions where both the United States and
China are members and with all the authorities available to the
United States Government, including visa and financial
sanctions, export restrictions, and import controls.
SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON IMPORTATION OF GOODS MADE IN THE XINJIANG UYGHUR
AUTONOMOUS REGION.
(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), all goods,
wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured
wholly or in part in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, or
by persons working with the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
government for purposes of the ``poverty alleviation'' program or the
``pairing-assistance'' program which subsidizes the establishment of
manufacturing facilities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,
shall be deemed to be goods, wares, articles, and merchandise described
in section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307) and shall not
be entitled to entry at any of the ports of the United States.
(b) Exception.--The prohibition described in subsection (a) shall
not apply if the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection--
(1) determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that any
specific goods, wares, articles, or merchandise described in
subsection (a) were not produced wholly or in part by convict
labor, forced labor, or indentured labor under penal sanctions;
and
(2) submits to the appropriate congressional committees and
makes available to the public a report that contains such
determination.
(c) Effective Date.--This section shall take effect on the date
that is 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 5. DETERMINATION RELATING TO ATROCITIES IN THE XINJIANG UYGHUR
AUTONOMOUS REGION.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall--
(1) determine if forced labor being carried out against
Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and members of other Muslim minority
groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China is
systematic and widespread and therefore constitutes atrocities;
and
(2) submit to the appropriate congressional committees and
make available to the public a report that contains such
determination.
(b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a)--
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include
a classified annex, if necessary; and
(2) may be included in the report required by section 6.
SEC. 6. STRATEGY TO ADDRESS FORCED LABOR IN THE XINJIANG UYGHUR
AUTONOMOUS REGION.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the
heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that
contains a United States strategy to promote initiatives to enhance
international awareness of and to address the forced labor in the
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China.
(b) Matters To Be Included.--The strategy required by subsection
(a) shall include--
(1) a plan to enhance bilateral and multilateral outreach,
including sustained engagement with the governments of United
States partners and allies, to end the forced labor of Uyghurs,
Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and members of other Muslim minority groups in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
(2) public affairs and public diplomacy campaigns,
including options to work with news organizations and media
outlets to publish opinion pieces and secure public speaking
opportunities for United States Government officials on issues
related to the human rights situation, including forced labor
in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; and
(3) opportunities to coordinate and collaborate with
appropriate nongovernmental organizations and private sector
entities to raise awareness about forced labor made products
from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and to provide
assistance to Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and members of other
Muslim minority groups, including those formerly detained in
mass internment camps in the region.
(c) Additional Matters To Be Included.--The report required by
subsection (a) shall also include--
(1) a list of--
(A) Chinese entities or affiliates of entities that
directly or indirectly use forced or involuntary labor
in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; and
(B) Chinese persons that acted as agents of the
entities or affiliates of entities described in
subparagraph (A) to import goods into the United
States;
(2) a list of products made wholly or in part by forced or
involuntary labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
(3) a list of businesses that sold products in the United
States made wholly or in part by forced or involuntary labor in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; and
(4) a description of actions taken by the United States
Government to address forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region under existing authorities, including--
(A) the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000
(Public Law 106-386; 22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.);
(B) section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
U.S.C. 1307);
(C) the Ellie Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities
Prevention Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-441; 22 U.S.C.
2656 note); and
(D) the Global Magnitsky Human Rights
Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 2656 note).
(d) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted
in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex, if necessary.
(e) Updates.--The Secretary of State shall--
(1) provide briefings to the appropriate congressional
committees on a quarterly basis, as applicable, on any updates
to the strategy required by subsection (a) or any additional
actions taken to address forced labor in Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region, including actions described in this Act; and
(2) include any updates to the strategy required by
subsection (a) in the annual Trafficking in Persons report
required by section 110(b) of the Trafficking Victims
Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7107(b)).
(f) Sunset.--This section shall cease to have effect on the date on
which the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees
a determination that the Government of the People's Republic of China
has ended mass internment, forced labor, and any other gross violations
of human rights experienced by Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and members of
other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
SEC. 7. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS RELATING TO FORCED LABOR IN THE
XINJIANG UYGHUR AUTONOMOUS REGION.
(a) Report Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than
annually thereafter, the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report that identifies
each foreign person, including any official of the Government
of the People's Republic of China, that the President
determines--
(A) knowingly engages in, is responsible for, or
facilitates the forced labor of Uyghurs, Kazakhs,
Kyrgyz, and members of other Muslim minority groups in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China; and
(B) knowingly engages in, contributes to, assists,
or provides financial, material or technological
support for efforts to contravene United States law
regarding the importation of forced labor goods from
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
(2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified
annex.
(b) Imposition of Sanctions.--The President shall impose the
sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each foreign
person identified in the report required under subsection (a)(1).
(c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this
subsection are the following:
(1) Asset blocking.--The President shall exercise all of
the powers granted to the President under the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the
extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in
property and interests in property of a foreign person
identified in the report required under subsection (a)(1) if
such property and interests in property--
(A) are in the United States;
(B) come within the United States; or
(C) come within the possession or control of a
United States person.
(2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole.--
(A) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien
described in subsection (a)(1) is--
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other
documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted
or paroled into the United States or to receive
any other benefit under the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B) Current visas revoked.--
(i) In general.--An alien described in
subsection (a)(1) is subject to revocation of
any visa or other entry documentation
regardless of when the visa or other entry
documentation is or was issued.
(ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under
clause (i) shall--
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) automatically cancel any other
valid visa or entry documentation that
is in the alien's possession.
(d) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all
authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and
1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in subsections
(b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a foreign
person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to
violate, or causes a violation of paragraph (1) to the same
extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an
unlawful act described in subsection (a) of such section 206.
(e) Waiver.--The President may waive the application of sanctions
under this section with respect to a foreign person identified in the
report required under subsection (a)(1) if the President determines and
certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that such a
waiver is in the national interest of the United States.
(f) Exceptions.--
(1) Exception for intelligence activities.--Sanctions under
this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the
reporting requirements under title V of the National Security
Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized
intelligence activities of the United States.
(2) Exception to comply with international obligations and
for law enforcement activities.--Sanctions under subsection
(c)(2) shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or
paroling the alien into the United States is necessary--
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the
Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United
Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and
entered into force November 21, 1947, between the
United Nations and the United States, or other
applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist law enforcement activity
in the United States.
(3) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
(A) In general.--The authorities and requirements
to impose sanctions authorized under this section shall
not include the authority or a requirement to impose
sanctions on the importation of goods.
(B) Good defined.--In this paragraph, the term
``good'' means any article, natural or manmade
substance, material, supply, or manufactured product,
including inspection and test equipment, and excluding
technical data.
(g) Termination of Sanctions.--The President may terminate the
application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign
person if the President determines and reports to the appropriate
congressional committees not less than 15 days before the termination
takes effect that--
(1) information exists that the person did not engage in
the activity for which sanctions were imposed;
(2) the person has been prosecuted appropriately for the
activity for which sanctions were imposed;
(3) the person has credibly demonstrated a significant
change in behavior, has paid an appropriate consequence for the
activity for which sanctions were imposed, and has credibly
committed to not engage in an activity described in subsection
(a)(1) in the future; or
(4) the termination of the sanctions is in the national
security interests of the United States.
(h) Sunset.--This section, and any sanctions imposed under this
section, shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of
the enactment of this Act.
(i) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms ``admission'',
``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the meanings given those terms
in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1101).
(2) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means a
person that is not a United States person.
(3) United states person.--The term ``United States
person'' means--
(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully
admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
or
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the
United States or any jurisdiction within the United
States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.
SEC. 8. REPORT ON ``WITHHOLD RELEASE ORDERS'' PURSUANT TO SECTION 307
OF THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report including a determination as to
whether reasonable grounds exist, and an explanation of the reasons for
any conclusion that such grounds do not exist, to issue a ``Withhold
Release Order'' pursuant to section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
U.S.C. 1307) with respect to products of each of the following:
(1) Yili Zhou Wan Garment Manufacturing Company.
(2) Zhihui Haipai Internet of Things Technology Company.
(3) Urumqi Shengshi Hua'er Culture Technology Limited
Company.
(4) Litai Textiles, Huafu Fashion Company.
(5) Esquel Group headquartered in Hong Kong.
(6) Cofco Tunhe Company.
(b) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted
in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
SEC. 9. DISCLOSURES TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF
CERTAIN ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE XINJIANG UYGHUR
AUTONOMOUS REGION.
(a) Policy Statement.--It is the policy of the United States to
protect American investors, though stronger disclosure requirements,
alerting them to the presence of Chinese and other companies complicit
in gross violations of human rights in United States capital markets,
including American and foreign companies listed on United States
exchanges that enable the mass internment and population surveillance
of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and other Muslim minorities and source
products made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous
Region in China. Such involvements represent clear, material risks to
the share values and corporate reputations of certain of these
companies and hence to prospective American investors, particularly
given that the United States Government has employed sanctions and
export restrictions to target individuals and entities contributing to
human rights abuses in China.
(b) Disclosure of Certain Activities Relating to the Xinjiang
Uyghur Autonomous Region.--
(1) In general.--Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
``(s) Disclosure of Certain Activities Relating to the Xinjiang
Uyghur Autonomous Region.--
``(1) In general.--Each issuer required to file an annual
or quarterly report under subsection (a) shall disclose in that
report the information required by paragraph (2) if, during the
period covered by the report, the issuer or any affiliate of
the issuer--
``(A) knowingly engaged in an activity with an
entity or the affiliate of an entity engaged in
creating or providing technology or other assistance to
create mass population surveillance systems in the
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, including
any entity included on the Department of Commerce's
`Entity List' in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
``(B) knowingly engaged in an activity with an
entity or an affiliate of an entity building and
running detention facilities for Uyghurs, Kazakhs,
Kyrgyz, and other members of Muslim minority groups in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
``(C) knowingly, directly or indirectly, purchased
or otherwise acquired significant types or amounts of
textiles made from material produced or manufactured in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region;
``(D) knowingly engaged in an activity with an
entity or an affiliate of an entity described in
section 6(c)(1) of the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention
Act, including--
``(i) any entity engaged in the `pairing-
assistance' program which subsidizes the
establishment of manufacturing facilities in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; or
``(ii) any entity for which the Department
of Homeland Security has issued a `Withhold
Release Order' under section 307 of the Tariff
Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307); or
``(E) knowingly conducted any transaction or had
dealings with--
``(i) any person the property and interests
in property of which were sanctioned by the
Secretary of State for the detention or abuse
of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, or other members
of Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang
Uyghur Autonomous Region;
``(ii) any person the property and
interests in property of which are sanctioned
pursuant to the Global Magnitsky Human Rights
Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 2656 note); or
``(iii) any person or entity responsible
for, or complicit in, committing atrocities in
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
``(2) Information required.--If an issuer described under
paragraph (1) or an affiliate of the issuer has engaged in any
activity described in paragraph (1), the issuer required under
this paragraph is a detailed description of each such activity,
including--
``(A) the nature and extent of the activity;
``(B) the gross revenues and net profits, if any,
attributable to the activity; and
``(C) whether the issuer or the affiliate of the
issuer (as the case may be) intends to continue the
activity.
``(3) Notice of disclosures.--If an issuer reports under
paragraph (1) that the issuer or an affiliate of the issuer has
knowingly engaged in any activity described in that paragraph,
the issuer shall separately file with the Commission,
concurrently with the annual or quarterly report under
subsection (a), a notice that the disclosure of that activity
has been included in that annual or quarterly report that
identifies the issuer and contains the information required by
paragraph (2).
``(4) Public disclosure of information.--Upon receiving a
notice under paragraph (3) that an annual or quarterly report
includes a disclosure of an activity described in paragraph
(1), the Commission shall promptly--
``(A) transmit the report to--
``(i) the President;
``(ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and
the Committee on Financial Services of the
House of Representatives; and
``(iii) the Committee on Foreign Relations
and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
``(B) make the information provided in the
disclosure and the notice available to the public by
posting the information on the Internet website of the
Commission.
``(5) Investigations.--Upon receiving a report under
paragraph (4) that includes a disclosure of an activity
described in paragraph (1), the President shall--
``(A) make a determination with respect to whether
any investigation is needed into the possible
imposition of sanctions under the Global Magnitsky
Human Rights Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 2656 note)
or section 7 of the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act
or whether criminal investigations are warranted under
statutes intended to hold accountable individuals or
entities involved in the importation of goods produced
by forced labor, including under section 545, 1589, or
1761 of title 18, United States Code; and
``(B) not later than 180 days after initiating any
such investigation, make a determination with respect
to whether a sanction should be imposed or criminal
investigations initiated with respect to the issuer or
the affiliate of the issuer (as the case may be).''.
(c) Sunset.--On the date that is 30 days after the date on which
the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees the
determination described in section 6(f), section 13(s) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as added by subsection (b), is
repealed.
(d) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (b) shall
take effect with respect to reports required to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission after the date that is 180 days
after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 10. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the
Committee on Financial Services of the House of
Representatives; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the
Committee on Banking.
(2) Atrocities.--The term ``atrocities'' has the meaning
given the term in section 6(2) of the Elie Wiesel Genocide and
Atrocities Prevention Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-441; 22
U.S.C. 2656 note).
(3) Forced labor.--The term ``forced labor'' has the
meaning given the term in section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930
(19 U.S.C. 1307).
(4) Person.--The term ``person'' means an individual or
entity.
(5) Mass population surveillance system.--The term ``mass
population surveillance system'' means installation and
integration of facial recognition cameras, biometric data
collection, cell phone surveillance, and artificial
intelligence technology with the ``Sharp Eyes'' and
``Integrated Joint Operations Platform'' or other technologies
that are used by Chinese security forces for surveillance and
big-data predictive policing.
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