116 HR 2202 IH: Growing Artificial Intelligence Through Research Act
U.S. House of Representatives
2019-04-10
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Growing Artificial Intelligence Through Research Act
or the GrAITR Act
. (b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
Title I—NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE
Sec. 101. National Artificial Intelligence Initiative.
Sec. 102. National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office.
Sec. 103. Interagency Committee.
Sec. 104. Advisory Committee.
Title II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES
Sec. 201. In general.
Title III—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Sec. 301. Artificial intelligence research and education program.
Sec. 302. Multidisciplinary centers for artificial intelligence research and education.
Title IV—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM
Sec. 401. In general.
2.It is the sense of Congress that— (1)there is a need for a National Artificial Intelligence Initiative, including a comprehensive artificial intelligence research and development strategy and coordination across agencies;
(2)there are currently several committees working on related tasks with respect to artificial intelligence and many agency representatives serve on multiple such committees with similar goals with respect to artificial intelligence; and
(3)the reporting structure of such committees could be simplified to address efficiently the goals of the Initiative.
3.In this Act: (1)The term artificial intelligence—
(A)means intelligent machines that use algorithms, computer programs, and other techniques to behave in ways commonly thought to require intelligence; and
(B)includes forms such as machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing. (2)The term Advisory Committee means the committee established or designated under section 104.
(3)Emerging Research InstitutionThe term emerging research institution means an institution of higher education that— (A)receives less than $20,000,000 in Federal research funding annually; and
(B)may grant a doctoral degree. (4)The term industry means entities in industries relevant to artificial intelligence.
(5)The term Initiative means the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative established under section 101. (6)Institutions of higher educationThe term institutions of higher education has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
(7)The term Interagency Committee means the committee established or designated under section 104(a). (8)The term K–12 education means elementary school and secondary education, as such terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
(9)The term machine learning means a subfield of artificial intelligence that is characterized by giving computers the autonomous ability to progressively optimize performance of a specific task based on data without being explicitly programmed.
<enum>I</enum><header>NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE</header>
<section id="H9B8988F6814B4FA8BD9B14B0AFD1BFD7"><enum>101.</enum><header>National Artificial Intelligence Initiative</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall establish and implement an initiative with respect to artificial intelligence, to be known as the <quote>National Artificial Intelligence Initiative</quote>. In carrying out the Initiative, the President shall, acting through appropriate Federal entities, including the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program—</text>
<paragraph id="H3622045FB3114338BD60589EAB0142B0"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish the objectives, priorities, and metrics for the strategic plans under section 103 to accelerate development of artificial intelligence science and technology applications in the United States;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H1F7F20A497A247B0A2463AE71C9D9C9B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>invest in artificial intelligence science and technology research, development, demonstration, application to analysis and modeling, and other activities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD48831C4FD564AF88E9F601442B0A814"><enum>(3)</enum><text>support the development of an artificial intelligence science and technology workforce pipeline by making strategic investments to—</text>
<subparagraph id="HED21E95E962D48118FDCF9DADA5B314D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>expand the number of researchers, educators, and students with training in artificial intelligence science and technology to develop a workforce pipeline;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEFF31A3A4D754A299DB3FB225D461860"><enum>(B)</enum><text>increase the number of skilled and trained workers from underrepresented groups who can contribute to the development of artificial intelligence technologies, diversify the workforce, and expand the workforce pipeline;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDDEF6FE385DE4BE9BF585F5470A5770E"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">promote the development and inclusion of multidisciplinary curricula and research opportunities for artificial intelligence science and engineering, including advanced technological education, during the primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral, adult learning, and career retraining stages of education; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2FFE401C589242BC8C707FBE706E8E07"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">equip workers with the knowledge and skill sets required to operate effectively in occupations and workplaces that will be increasingly influenced by artificial intelligence;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H2F23A9AEB3F84E9BA84A2F054EA1E922"><enum>(4)</enum><text>facilitate coordination of efforts and collaboration with respect to artificial intelligence among Government, Federal and national laboratories, nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher education, and industry;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H40C834BBC7BF4CDEA91078C4BBA6D6D9"><enum>(5)</enum><text>leverage existing Federal investments, and partner with industry and institutions of higher education to leverage knowledge and resources, to advance objectives and priorities of the Initiative;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBDA33C2D20084AFBA017C2205ADCF48B"><enum>(6)</enum><text>strengthen research, development, demonstration, and application in the fields of artificial intelligence science and technology by—</text>
<subparagraph id="HEB2FD8C97C464007BB4312F52A859E7A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>addressing basic research knowledge gaps with respect to artificial intelligence through research;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA44F93A7C3124A3F831DA5494108A249"><enum>(B)</enum><text>promoting the further development of facilities and centers available for artificial intelligence science and technology research, testing, and education;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H44C9CCA2723D47E4AF5F892A27A2C44B"><enum>(C)</enum><text>stimulating research on, and promoting more rapid development and commercialization of, artificial intelligence-based technologies;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC9EFDB1D3F5F4CC7829DC0B811178639"><enum>(D)</enum><text>promoting research into the effects of artificial intelligence and applications of artificial intelligence on society, the workforce and workplace, and individuals, including those from underrepresented groups;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF9D66B9C42944C77AEDE9C276CA19726"><enum>(E)</enum><text>promoting data sharing among the Federal Government, academic researchers, the private sector, and other practitioners of artificial intelligence;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H52FC45762C2F4780B884AE4B49FC1B91"><enum>(F)</enum><text>identifying and minimizing inappropriate bias in data sets, algorithms, and other aspects of artificial intelligence; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA38415AF7C1E4808B984DF51CF1CBFD3"><enum>(G)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">supporting efforts to create metrics to assess safety, security, and reliability of applications of artificial intelligence science and technology; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HFB8DBCE2F805470EB1D2B3F67619395D"><enum>(7)</enum><text>ensure that artificial intelligence research, development, demonstration, and application efforts create measurable benefits for all individuals in the United States, including members of disadvantaged and underrepresented groups.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H2546CF1E4248408D9E6DF91B9086DFAD"><enum>102.</enum><header>National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office</header>
<subsection id="H8BD598DC630740258FB4FA38AA388697"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of Commerce shall establish or designate, and appoint a director of, an office to be known as the <quote>National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office</quote>.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HF864A5219E2C41F18DBF3A71B02967EB"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Duties</header><text>The National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office shall—</text> <paragraph id="HA4129D5F8CD44C6D9BA05AFC98AF195A"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">provide technical and administrative support to the Advisory Committee;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H495450E1BD664B23B7151BD08A0B17D0"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">serve as the point of contact on Federal artificial intelligence activities for government organizations, academia, industry, professional societies, State artificial intelligence programs, interested citizen groups, and others to exchange technical and programmatic information;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA3B77CCBB13842D29A2316C01818E198"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">conduct public outreach, including dissemination of findings and recommendations of the Advisory Committee, as appropriate; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA2D86819608B42A583C41DA829D4C938"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">promote access to and early application of the technologies, innovations, and expertise derived from Initiative activities to agency missions and systems across the Federal Government, and to United States industry, including startup companies.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0823FF23CB3F491CBDAB54E19AA7E979"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office shall be funded through interagency funding.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H9E11C4288E6448DC819FC07B60DE70EA"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on the funding of the Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office. The report shall include—</text>
<paragraph id="H5A61B70360E14B5EB482E62554F6E5F6"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the amount of funding required to adequately fund the Office;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H864C0787346749C9BBD3792107AAE32A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the adequacy of existing mechanisms to fund this Office; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6D563EA568E0493A99A3536BE0BB5A23"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the actions taken by the Director to ensure stable funding of this Office.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HB15D1EA3A61B4D0E869D33B1CF809A8A"><enum>103.</enum><header>Interagency Committee</header> <subsection id="H87CD97967F8F450DB56C8AEF6035DC5A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall establish or designate an Interagency Committee on Artificial Intelligence.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HFFA0B6D69A404AF19866A46D54DB9B0C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Duties</header><text>The Interagency Committee, in consultation with the Advisory Committee, shall—</text> <paragraph id="HD051422FF64541A1B74F317D66F8A7FD"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">coordinate the artificial intelligence and technology research and education activities and programs of the Federal agencies;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2C4C74A872F84817B76601A41EEF9D5E"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish objectives and priorities of the Initiative, consistent with the goals in section 3, based on identified knowledge and workforce gaps and other national needs;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4C36D43B51AA4986B078D74A3E978A65"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">assess and recommend Federal infrastructure needs to support the Initiative; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HCA6667417EF649C6A02D89DDD9F63643"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">evaluate opportunities for international cooperation with strategic allies on research and development in artificial intelligence and technology.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H52DA8B3B913A4D69B42383997D785A6C"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Chairs</header><text>The Interagency Committee shall be jointly chaired by the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Secretary of Energy.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H0897BA6C2AF646F1826A26C3DB90081B"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Strategic Plan</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Advisory Committee shall develop a 5-year strategic plan, and 6 years after enactment of the Act develop an additional 5-year strategic plan, with periodic updates as appropriate to guide the activities of the Initiative, meet Initiative goals and priorities, and anticipate outcomes at the participating agencies. In carrying out this subsection, the Interagency Committee should take in to consideration the reports from the Advisory Committee, as described below.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H452B82083DCB49E9BF9E0FB88E9BEC6E"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Composition</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Interagency Committee shall be comprised of representatives from—</text> <paragraph id="H34353F740DD247108FEB8776FC76C54A"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the National Institute of Standards and Technology;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA21FBB2F4A5B4C6AB294B1ED4E97636F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the National Science Foundation;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H460EFE1594184F238CCABE8CC6A06135"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the Department of Energy;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H85E4253492E2418888B2AE9AD86DE3DD"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H24F88936693F41F7B669CDB589A51130"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the Department of Defense;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H81916C35724A47C88E91E9AC75FE908A"><enum>(6)</enum><text>the Office of the Director of National Intelligence;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H0FBBE8145A0B4F43A2020DFA52CA2D49"><enum>(7)</enum><text>the Office of Management and Budget;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7181B3D3083A4DC6B41B68A5850B52E8"><enum>(8)</enum><text>the Office of Science and Technology Policy;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H3735701A764C4CE995094DCEAB8E8635"><enum>(9)</enum><text>the National Institutes of Health; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0B4B85141CCC4C36BF40AEC5EB4F1FC1"><enum>(10)</enum><text>any other Federal agency as considered appropriate by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H897459655FFE40C88B8BDD6C6B6FBBCE"><enum>104.</enum><header>Advisory Committee</header>
<subsection id="HCB1E3E3FD5E3491EBD8BA84364F1F7BC">
<enum>(a)</enum>
<header>In General</header>
<text>The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (in this section referred to as the <quote>Director</quote>) shall establish or designate an National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee.</text> </subsection><subsection id="H6D35E368C8294D4FAB8986ADA954383B"> <enum>(b)</enum> <header>Qualifications</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director shall appoint members to the Advisory Committee who are qualified to provide advice and information on artificial intelligence and technology research, development, demonstrations, education, infrastructure, technology transfer, commercial applications, or concerns of a national security, social, or economic nature. The set of appointees shall collectively have expertise on a wide range of defense and non-defense Artificial Intelligence applications.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H9536374024FA450D8FB579440DBABD67">
<enum>(c)</enum>
<header>Duties</header>
<text>The Advisory Committee shall advise the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy on matters relating to the Initiative, including assessing—</text>
<paragraph id="H1A8BDFC45D4F4DFF8B6CFCB13EC610DF">
<enum>(1)</enum>
<text>trends and developments in artificial intelligence, including the current and near future state of artificial intelligence systems and forecasting;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H61E68B7A4B144D3BA7577D68002C5D8F">
<enum>(2)</enum>
<text>progress made in implementing the Initiative;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H0414DB5DEDA1418AA94E66D165B5B8A1"> <enum>(3)</enum> <text>the need to revise the Initiative;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H15F8BDEB424344DC983553C4033E761C">
<enum>(4)</enum>
<text>the balance among the components of the Initiative, including funding levels for the Initiative component areas;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H3E836D67B4804D0ABAE7310970D38188">
<enum>(5)</enum>
<text display-inline="yes-display-inline">whether the Initiative component areas, priorities, and technical goals are helping to maintain United States leadership in artificial intelligence and technology;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H112AEEC44C084D13B435CC34F539A8FC">
<enum>(6)</enum>
<text>the management, coordination, implementation, and activities of the Initiative; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H34B22182C95843BBAA0A6CB7A5197C7B"> <enum>(7)</enum> <text>whether societal, ethical, legal, environmental, and workforce concerns are adequately addressed by the Initiative.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H772D3D7309E0455C96DE96C03EA2B095">
<enum>(d)</enum>
<header>Reports</header>
<text>Not later than 4 years after the date of the most recent assessment under subsection (c), and quadrennially thereafter, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the <committee-name committee-id="SSCM00">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate,</committee-name> and the <committee-name committee-id="">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives</committee-name> a report of its assessments under subsection (c) and its recommendations for ways to improve the Initiative.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HC727FA69D7204CE79B4499626D43E995">
<enum>(e)</enum>
<header>Travel Expenses of Non-Federal Members</header>
<text>Non-Federal members of the Advisory Committee, while attending meetings of the Advisory Committee or while otherwise serving at the request of the head of the Advisory Committee away from their homes or regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for individuals in the government serving without pay. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit members of the Advisory Committee who are officers or employees of the United States from being allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with existing law.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H3FCDEF785DF7441F82BE0DFE528B8190">
<enum>(f)</enum>
<header>Exemption from Sunset</header>
<text>Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the Advisory Committee.</text> </subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES</header> <section id="HAD4ADCF27D834B228DDF08AF56385CD9"><enum>201.</enum><header>In general</header> <subsection id="HA2968DF4F90B42D2BEA5138BEBE46C62"><enum>(a)</enum><header>National Institute of Standards and Technology activities</header><text>As part of the Initiative, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (in this section, referred to as the <quote>Director</quote>) shall—</text>
<paragraph id="HDE43CBEF79C64551BA1184A4AD53338B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>carry out the Initiative, as appropriate;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H7119057C26404678B72CE0CD99CDD8B9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>support the development of measurements and standards necessary to advance commercial development of artificial intelligence applications, including by—</text>
<subparagraph id="HC925133C21254263B8716DC6CAE3062E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>developing measurements and standards; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2E2F7B38331746CB99574C66407E63EB"><enum>(B)</enum><text>supporting the efforts to develop measurements and consensus standards by standards development organizations;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HFFDB27A5C62445588CC16CBB14D24440"><enum>(3)</enum><text>establish and support collaborative ventures or consortia with public or private sector entities, including institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and industry, for the purpose of advancing fundamental and applied artificial intelligence research and development; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H756DC39B87C344DE86AFA9C0B953F4D7"><enum>(4)</enum><text>use existing authorities to award contracts as necessary to carry out the Initiative, including cooperative agreements and other similar transactions.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HEB5CA58D89D248619205E1434D9204F7"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Artificial intelligence outreach</header>
<paragraph id="H00D9496AE8EE4275B52A5600EE7EC545"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director shall conduct outreach—</text> <subparagraph id="H88A9072B13F94539BD0490BB89B91C14"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to receive input from stakeholders on the development of a plan to address future measurements and standards related to artificial intelligence; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H809ED7A71A47420EA1B7EF8E4EAF04E3"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to provide an opportunity for public comment on any such measurements or standards.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H24998E2567D44256A6D3BD00E3520160"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Meetings</header> <subparagraph id="H68691E079D184759A56A039A572A2746"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and a periodic basis thereafter, as the Director determines appropriate, the Director shall convene one or more meetings of stakeholders, including technical expert representatives from government organizations, industry, and institutions of higher education to discuss topics described in subparagraph (B).</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H62C848CBE6CD4650AEB0914D49ADAA74"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Topics</header><text>Meetings under subparagraph (A) may cover topics that the Director determines to be important to the development of standards and measurements with respect to artificial intelligence, including—</text>
<clause id="H0457D06BE8F04D1EBCE8E998E8C7BFC7"><enum>(i)</enum><text>cybersecurity;</text> </clause><clause id="H0F43673C72ED4B90920FDDD5007E556A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>algorithm accountability;</text>
</clause><clause id="H2BEF611EDDBF489EB76DFFFECAE1A641"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>algorithm explainability;</text> </clause><clause id="HED9F092BD0B340E8B4B9B8AFD4E7E9AE"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>algorithm trustworthiness; and</text>
</clause><clause id="HDA6F682D6ADB450A971E46AE22A7057B"><enum>(v)</enum><text>the establishment of a common lexicon of artificial intelligence.</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7D23D506BE11467C8104B49A558A1836"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Purpose</header><text>The purpose of the meetings under this subsection shall be—</text>
<clause id="HF4AB342D8A924B1995A70E2772CA3896"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to assess the contemporary research on the topic determined by the Director under subparagraph (B);</text> </clause><clause id="HF550C68A78E84AF98F3DF6AEA5A303DF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>to evaluate the research gaps relating to such topic; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H8E6D277B8B5544D58CB01EFEB747DB07"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>to provide an opportunity for stakeholders to provide recommendations on what the current research needs are that the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Initiative may address.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H31FB5ADEC0534F259F4A494D11B19EBA"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Report to Congress</header><text>Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a summary report containing a description of the results of outreach and meetings conducted under this section.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0D40F11C672D433BA4CC4855EB701C4C"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Appropriation</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated $90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024 to carry out this section.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND
EDUCATION</header>
<section id="HA2F11726E9344047881243DE23B89387"><enum>301.</enum><header>Artificial intelligence research and education program</header>
<subsection id="HA4D1D2F4C082492C965456D132D6AAB0"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>As part of the Initiative, the Director of the National Science Foundation (in this section, referred to as the <quote>Director</quote>) shall establish and implement a research and education program on artificial intelligence and engineering.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H41CC268972C24F0DA28B3FC394A4FDA4"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Program components</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the program required under subsection (a), the Director shall carry out the Initiative as appropriate and shall—</text>
<paragraph id="H08B5BC2CC8A941AF9CA1B607C1C64FA6"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">continue to support interdisciplinary research on, and human resources development in, all aspects of artificial intelligence science and engineering, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="HB60D75DB6AEA4F88917B803C651454E8"><enum>(A)</enum><text>algorithm accountability;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA52F6DBFB9CE47E2B10B2C8C87931230"><enum>(B)</enum><text>minimization of inappropriate bias in training data sets or algorithmic feature selection;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H473465CFCEDF48E9B44B5262C6AD4E39"><enum>(C)</enum><text>qualitative and quantitative forecasting of future capabilities and applications; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H172134195F6742FFB7B03EFA117EDCA7"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the societal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H44382529F19749A78AA96A73CB91F93F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>use existing authorities and programs and collaborate with other Federal agencies—</text> <subparagraph id="HE4A151C4C8A845D88AC446FBD93669BB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to improve the teaching and learning of artificial intelligence science and engineering during the primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate, adult learning, and career retraining stages of education;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H01E28CFC9732464FB89C3B246FD73FAD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to increase participation in the artificial intelligence fields, including by individuals identified in sections 33 and 34 of the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/1885a">42 U.S.C. 1885a</external-xref>; <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/1885b">42 U.S.C. 1885b</external-xref>);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE40BA7E97EE3434FB93F41CAA3290B96"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to formulate goals for education activities related to artificial intelligence engineering and research to be supported by the National Science Foundation related to topics important to the Initiative, including—</text>
<clause id="H523BF99BB2E6491CA3E83B458F5D41E5"><enum>(i)</enum><text>algorithm accountability;</text> </clause><clause id="H7BA345C2944B4111BF7FA36C5C491F01"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>algorithm explainability;</text>
</clause><clause id="H389ADEE0AFF946F0B8C68B00880003D3"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>consumer data privacy;</text> </clause><clause id="H9DDAE3940C5E4B1FBD429B0044A9CC31"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>the assessment and minimization of inappropriate bias in training data and output;</text>
</clause><clause id="H837D12C96228416396EB9C225811C41D"><enum>(v)</enum><text>the societal and ethical implications of the use of artificial intelligence;</text> </clause><clause id="HC43730B39FE24BC19A936B86BF6AE639"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>algorithm trustworthiness; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H1AA458A842154221AEA2A577BE82F0CA"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>algorithmic forecasting;</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H10F7137B31F3498AACD3AB44867831EF"><enum>(D)</enum><text>to engage with institutions of higher education, research communities, potential users of information produced under this section, entities in the private sector, and non-Federal entities—</text>
<clause id="HC012B6C8167E454C995F3836F420B175"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing artificial intelligence and engineering research and education activities; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H855D8C1A03314F1090D330FDD60541CF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>to support partnerships among institutions of higher education and industry that facilitate collaborative research, personnel exchanges, and workforce development;</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD9EBA8F0DB5D4A99999A2189996CE7AF"><enum>(E)</enum><text>to coordinate research efforts funded through existing programs across the directorates of the National Science Foundation; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2ACDDA4384324E4E8B93E436B230713E"><enum>(F)</enum><text>to ensure adequate access to artificial intelligence and engineering research and education infrastructure, including through development of hardware and facilitation of the use of computing resources, including cloud-based computing services.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB87F61C1E735457E8269C824209883CF"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Graduate traineeships</header><text>In carrying out the program required under subsection (a), the Director may provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education who—</text>
<paragraph id="H4EB07B329A214DB2B05DF4C7E4743836"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">are United States nationals or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBB89B6F01B224D80994D8E5AAE7A12A0"><enum>(2)</enum><text>who choose to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in artificial intelligence.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HB345A26903774D50BFA8FA10EF72C9A3"><enum>302.</enum><header>Multidisciplinary centers for artificial intelligence research and education</header> <subsection display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H69520C6CCA9645C6A31BADA532E2A223"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Director of the National Science Foundation (in this section, referred to as the <quote>Director</quote>), in consultation with other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall award grants to eligible entities to establish up to 5 research and education centers (in this section, referred to as <quote>Centers</quote>) to conduct research and education activities in support of the Initiative, to be known as <quote>Multidisciplinary Centers for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education</quote>.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H3D2325C223E747D1A403BD8FD757E427"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Eligible entities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section, the term <term>eligible entity</term> means—</text> <paragraph id="H4D40BCBDB5A2466787B5B5458560E10B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>an institution of higher education;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6FCF557C4A62447B806278F5276B291C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a relevant nonprofit or private sector organization;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H489ED3590A5547C9B5CC3826293F3C25"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a State or local government; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC730592FC871450C82EF370F21D37628"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a consortium of entities that consists of entities described in paragraphs (1) through (3).</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5C847B8B82CB436B97D762BC3F0497EC"><enum>(c)</enum><header>K–12 Education</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not less than 1 grant under this section must be for a Center with the primary purpose of integrating artificial intelligence into K–12 education.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H87CA7A79A95A4DD1B4AC293743EE27B8"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Application</header><text>An eligible entity seeking funding under this section shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. The application shall include—</text>
<paragraph id="HC617A1027F2C436E9316871F3DDCE197"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a plan for the proposed Center—</text> <subparagraph id="H9B9082568FD94B58900BBE2623D0A15E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to work with other research institutions, emerging research institutions, and industry to leverage expertise in artificial intelligence, education and curricula development, and technology transfer;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC8C3316AD4194A138FE5449461E537D9"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to promote active collaboration among researchers in multiple disciplines and across multiple institutions involved in artificial intelligence research including physics, engineering, mathematical sciences, computer and information science, biological and cognitive sciences, material science, education, social and behavioral sciences, such as industrial-organizational psychology;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H49EAAE92FBFF4AC4B9FDC7A6F02D7BAB"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to integrate into the activities of the Center consideration of the ethics of artificial intelligence development, technology usage, and data collection, storage, and sharing, including training data sets;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC15BB0FC3A7846ABA0B56D0C7F09C4EA"><enum>(D)</enum><text>to support long-term and short-term workforce development in the artificial intelligence field, including broadening participation of underrepresented groups; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H05E043609A2347AB97ACCFCDC159A6F6"><enum>(E)</enum><text>to support an innovation ecosystem to work with industry to translate Center research into applications and products; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H47089074DC2D4A799D134663D4A1402D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a description of the anticipated long-term impact of the Center beyond the termination of support under this section.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H18DE7CB6C3EC42B7AEE7DBFC327F24A0"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Selection and duration</header>
<paragraph id="H9C601679257847DF947E8C7FB2B16322"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>A Center established using a grant under this section may receive funding under this section for a period of 5 years.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7BF8BBA4073146998255FBA2811D1355"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Extension</header><text>Such a Center may apply for, and the Director may grant, an extension of a grant under this section for an additional 5-year period.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0CFB8564AFCE4E428B42D106F94E32B6"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Termination</header><text>The Director may terminate funding under this section for an underperforming Center for cause.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H5AED3824268C459F9D9553C01345568A"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Authorization</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each Center established under this section for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM</header>
<section id="H247F03312EC348C7A8A5975AAC8A6041"><enum>401.</enum><header>In general</header>
<subsection id="H16570DAF58734A43B8EA3E0413CF3534"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Program</header><text>As a part of the Initiative, the Secretary of Energy (in this section, referred to as the <quote>Secretary</quote>) shall carry out a research program on artificial intelligence.</text> </subsection><subsection id="H48A8E47B9A864E9A80291A66FCC5CBC1"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Components</header><text>In carrying out the program required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—</text>
<paragraph id="H06E855090AF44581AEEC11DF061B8E64"><enum>(1)</enum><text>formulate objectives for artificial intelligence research to be supported by the Department of Energy that are consistent with the Initiative;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H917636B2FC3943C8B2E5E59624339E42"><enum>(2)</enum><text>leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing artificial intelligence research;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H62CC6EDC7B6C441B901426C87AC1DF07"><enum>(3)</enum><text>coordinate research efforts funded through existing programs across the Office of Science;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H58E0ECBB30D849638165D28AF3193A59"><enum>(4)</enum><text>engage with other Federal agencies, research communities, and potential users of information produced under this section; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HED3F1AC7D1A04F82B588AC3A5D7D20AC"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">build, maintain, and, to the extent practicable, make available for use by academic, government, and private sector researchers, the computing hardware and software necessary to carry out a research program in artificial intelligence science.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA361C6F08D6B47B2817393FDD30A66C3"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Research Centers</header>
<paragraph id="H35CDA729FCA04369AE6C9929671CF100"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Grants</header><text>In carrying out this section, the Secretary may award grants to eligible entities to establish and operate up to 5 artificial intelligence research centers (in this section, referred to as <quote>Centers</quote>) for the purpose described in paragraph (3).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H025F26A6A7EC4F91BD1DA1B778A4BDBD"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Selection</header>
<subparagraph id="HDD059B6C3AE24518B3EC452D60FB489C"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Such grants shall be awarded through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education including emerging research institutions, research centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HC531EA52BB0E4C7296CE1E9BAA9CCAD0"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Eligible entities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section, the term <term>eligible entity</term> means—</text> <clause id="H8DDC6B8AA4DC4F71B9C09C4AEC7C7EC8"><enum>(i)</enum><text>an institution of higher education;</text>
</clause><clause id="H2CDE76308F204BCC86330093A39851B1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>a relevant nonprofit or private sector organization;</text> </clause><clause id="H373B20BE02974B3F9D6921AA39E6B238"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>a State or local government;</text>
</clause><clause id="H1F5078056D644CA49CA34455D8EC433C"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>a National Laboratory or a federally funded research and development center; and</text> </clause><clause id="HF9CB8627C7414506A53EEAF0AEE7E477"><enum>(v)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a consortium of entities that consists of entities described in clauses (i) through (iv).</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H762A606CE0314210A3480D29E657AFE1"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Purpose</header><text>The purpose of the Centers established under this section is—</text> <subparagraph id="H1B58AE9184C749E490AD3A18843522E3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to serve the needs of the Department of Energy and academic, educational, and private sector entities that the Secretary determines appropriate;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCC5BFFACFBDD4A9EB9CA6E4DA4868AB1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to advance research and education in artificial intelligence and improving the competitiveness of the United States; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5B9F994BEC1A4D4689BCF876365BF8EF"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to provide access to computing resources to promote scientific progress and enable users from institutions of higher education, educational institutions, the National Laboratories, and industry—</text>
<clause id="H3D13EC7E8F044DA4A7B57066217C4DB5"><enum>(i)</enum><text>to make scientific discoveries relevant to artificial intelligence research;</text> </clause><clause id="H4589C828B4184656A5B6530FC5FB82E2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>to conduct research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs in artificial intelligence science and technology;</text>
</clause><clause id="HDF293DDE333F4C23B41F8E5A15AF8A9F"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>to support research conducted under this section; and</text> </clause><clause id="H7F6183DC6DCA45F6BB8C4EF6866E9DEE"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>to increase the distribution of research infrastructure and broaden the spectrum of students exposed to the artificial intelligence research at institutions of higher education, including emerging research institutions.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H57D42152FE0C4135BA80E72358EBD8B9"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of each Center with the activities of—</text>
<subparagraph id="HE9C4C0242D0D41118CE066720CF393E5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>other research entities of the Department, including the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, the Energy Frontier Research Centers, and the Energy Innovation Hubs; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB6C3F6E9F42F46E89108A9D989276B2C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>industry.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H2E13A310F67D467AB5F9A0738926AD46"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Duration</header> <subparagraph id="H8B5AE464E1484BFC9D9835B6BE6D9CD6"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Any center selected and established under this section is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HB85AD67CA6194FF18CABE9EC89B658F4"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Extension</header><text>Such a Center may apply for, and the Director may grant, an extension of a grant under this section for an additional 5-year period.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCA098D8C9B05428CA40218FD01875517"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Termination</header><text>Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate an underperforming Center for cause during the performance period.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF7391E4F054F4CB391DB37C7981A9FE5"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Appropriations</header>
<paragraph id="HE38F961DC97C422CBD78CB9CDB90CA52"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated $225,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024 to the Office of Science of the Department of Energy to carry out this section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H20E449AFE1034A4E9FDCA7DCB4459503"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Limit</header><text>Not less than $100,000,000 of funds appropriated under paragraph (1) shall be used to carry out subsections (a) and (b).</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section>