[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6964 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

        H.R.6964

                     One Hundred Fifteenth Congress

                                 of the

                        United States of America


                          AT THE SECOND SESSION

         Begun and held at the City of Washington on Wednesday,
           the third day of January, two thousand and eighteen


                                 An Act


 
    To reauthorize and improve the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
             Prevention Act of 1974, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
    This Act may be cited as the ``Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 
2018''.
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Application of amendments.

             TITLE I--DECLARATION OF PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS

Sec. 101. Purposes.
Sec. 102. Definitions.

 TITLE II--CHARLES GRASSLEY JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 
                                 PROGRAM

Sec. 201. Concentration of Federal efforts.
Sec. 202. Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
          Prevention.
Sec. 203. Annual report.
Sec. 204. Allocation of funds.
Sec. 205. State plans.
Sec. 206. Repeal of juvenile delinquency prevention block grant program.
Sec. 207. Research and evaluation; statistical analyses; information 
          dissemination.
Sec. 208. Training and technical assistance.
Sec. 209. Administrative authority.

TITLE III--INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR PRISON REDUCTION THROUGH OPPORTUNITIES, 
             MENTORING, INTERVENTION, SUPPORT, AND EDUCATION

Sec. 301. Short Title.
Sec. 302. Definitions.
Sec. 303. Duties and functions of the administrator.
Sec. 304. Grants for delinquency prevention programs.
Sec. 305. Grants for tribal delinquency prevention and response 
          programs.
Sec. 306. Evaluation by Government Accountability Office.
Sec. 307. Technical amendment.

                   TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 401. Evaluation by Government Accountability Office.
Sec. 402. Authorization of appropriations; accountability and oversight.
SEC. 3. APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS.
    The amendments made by this Act shall not apply with respect to 
funds appropriated for any fiscal year that begins before the date of 
the enactment of this Act.

            TITLE I--DECLARATION OF PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS

    SEC. 101. PURPOSES.
    Section 102 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11102) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, tribal,'' after 
    ``State'';
        (2) in paragraph (2)--
            (A) by inserting ``, tribal,'' after ``State''; and
            (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
        ``(3) to assist State, tribal, and local governments in 
    addressing juvenile crime through the provision of technical 
    assistance, research, training, evaluation, and the dissemination 
    of current and relevant information on effective and evidence-based 
    programs and practices for combating juvenile delinquency; and''; 
    and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) to support a continuum of evidence-based or promising 
    programs (including delinquency prevention, intervention, mental 
    health, behavioral health and substance abuse treatment, family 
    services, and services for children exposed to violence) that are 
    trauma informed, reflect the science of adolescent development, and 
    are designed to meet the needs of at-risk youth and youth who come 
    into contact with the justice system.''.
    SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS.
    Section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11103) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (8)--
            (A) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by adding ``or'' at the end;
            (B) by striking subparagraph (C); and
            (C) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (C);
        (2) in paragraph (18)--
            (A) by inserting ``for purposes of title II,'' before ``the 
        term''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``that has a law enforcement function, as determined by the 
    Secretary of the Interior in consultation with the Attorney 
    General;'';
        (3) by amending paragraph (22) to read as follows:
        ``(22) the term `jail or lockup for adults' means a secure 
    facility that is used by a State, unit of local government, or law 
    enforcement authority to detain or confine adult inmates;'';
        (4) by amending paragraph (25) to read as follows:
        ``(25) the term `sight or sound contact' means any physical, 
    clear visual, or verbal contact that is not brief and 
    inadvertent;'';
        (5) by amending paragraph (26) to read as follows:
        ``(26) the term `adult inmate'--
            ``(A) means an individual who--
                ``(i) has reached the age of full criminal 
            responsibility under applicable State law; and
                ``(ii) has been arrested and is in custody for or 
            awaiting trial on a criminal charge, or is convicted of a 
            criminal offense; and
            ``(B) does not include an individual who--
                ``(i) at the time of the offense, was younger than the 
            maximum age at which a youth can be held in a juvenile 
            facility under applicable State law; and
                ``(ii) was committed to the care and custody or 
            supervision, including post-placement or parole 
            supervision, of a juvenile correctional agency by a court 
            of competent jurisdiction or by operation of applicable 
            State law;'';
        (6) in paragraph (28), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (7) in paragraph (29), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting a semicolon; and
        (8) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(30) the term `core requirements'--
            ``(A) means the requirements described in paragraphs (11), 
        (12), (13), and (15) of section 223(a); and
            ``(B) does not include the data collection requirements 
        described in subparagraphs (A) through (K) of section 207(1);
        ``(31) the term `chemical agent' means a spray or injection 
    used to temporarily incapacitate a person, including oleoresin 
    capsicum spray, tear gas, and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile gas;
        ``(32) the term `isolation'--
            ``(A) means any instance in which a youth is confined alone 
        for more than 15 minutes in a room or cell; and
            ``(B) does not include--
                ``(i) confinement during regularly scheduled sleeping 
            hours;
                ``(ii) separation based on a treatment program approved 
            by a licensed medical or mental health professional;
                ``(iii) confinement or separation that is requested by 
            the youth; or
                ``(iv) the separation of the youth from a group in a 
            nonlocked setting for the limited purpose of calming;
        ``(33) the term `restraints' has the meaning given that term in 
    section 591 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290ii);
        ``(34) the term `evidence-based' means a program or practice 
    that--
            ``(A) is demonstrated to be effective when implemented with 
        fidelity;
            ``(B) is based on a clearly articulated and empirically 
        supported theory;
            ``(C) has measurable outcomes relevant to juvenile justice, 
        including a detailed description of the outcomes produced in a 
        particular population, whether urban or rural; and
            ``(D) has been scientifically tested and proven effective 
        through randomized control studies or comparison group studies 
        and with the ability to replicate and scale;
        ``(35) the term `promising' means a program or practice that--
            ``(A) is demonstrated to be effective based on positive 
        outcomes relevant to juvenile justice from one or more 
        objective, independent, and scientifically valid evaluations, 
        as documented in writing to the Administrator; and
            ``(B) will be evaluated through a well-designed and 
        rigorous study, as described in paragraph (34)(D);
        ``(36) the term `dangerous practice' means an act, procedure, 
    or program that creates an unreasonable risk of physical injury, 
    pain, or psychological harm to a juvenile subjected to the act, 
    procedure, or program;
        ``(37) the term `screening' means a brief process--
            ``(A) designed to identify youth who may have mental 
        health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs 
        requiring immediate attention, intervention, and further 
        evaluation; and
            ``(B) the purpose of which is to quickly identify a youth 
        with possible mental health, behavioral health, substance 
        abuse, or other needs in need of further assessment;
        ``(38) the term `assessment' includes, at a minimum, an 
    interview and review of available records and other pertinent 
    information--
            ``(A) by an appropriately trained professional who is 
        licensed or certified by the applicable State in the mental 
        health, behavioral health, or substance abuse fields; and
            ``(B) which is designed to identify significant mental 
        health, behavioral health, or substance abuse treatment needs 
        to be addressed during a youth's confinement;
        ``(39) for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the term `contact' 
    means the points at which a youth and the juvenile justice system 
    or criminal justice system officially intersect, including 
    interactions with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or law 
    enforcement official;
        ``(40) the term `trauma-informed' means--
            ``(A) understanding the impact that exposure to violence 
        and trauma have on a youth's physical, psychological, and 
        psychosocial development;
            ``(B) recognizing when a youth has been exposed to violence 
        and trauma and is in need of help to recover from the adverse 
        impacts of trauma; and
            ``(C) responding in ways that resist retraumatization;
        ``(41) the term `racial and ethnic disparity' means minority 
    youth populations are involved at a decision point in the juvenile 
    justice system at disproportionately higher rates than non-minority 
    youth at that decision point;
        ``(42) the term `status offender' means a juvenile who is 
    charged with or who has committed an offense that would not be 
    criminal if committed by an adult;
        ``(43) the term `rural' means an area that is not located in a 
    metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Office of 
    Management and Budget;
        ``(44) the term `internal controls' means a process implemented 
    to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of 
    objectives in--
            ``(A) effectiveness and efficiency of operations, such as 
        grant management practices;
            ``(B) reliability of reporting for internal and external 
        use; and
            ``(C) compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as 
        well as recommendations of the Office of Inspector General and 
        the Government Accountability Office; and
        ``(45) the term `tribal government' means the governing body of 
    an Indian Tribe.''.

TITLE II--CHARLES GRASSLEY JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 
                                PROGRAM

    SEC. 201. CONCENTRATION OF FEDERAL EFFORTS.
    Section 204 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11114) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence--
                (i) by striking ``a long-term plan, and implement'' and 
            inserting the following: ``a long-term plan to improve the 
            juvenile justice system in the United States, taking into 
            account scientific knowledge regarding adolescent 
            development and behavior and regarding the effects of 
            delinquency prevention programs and juvenile justice 
            interventions on adolescents, and shall implement''; and
                (ii) by striking ``research, and improvement of the 
            juvenile justice system in the United States'' and 
            inserting ``and research''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``Federal Register'' 
        and all that follows and inserting ``Federal Register during 
        the 30-day period ending on October 1 of each year.''; and
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) by striking paragraph (7);
            (B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs 
        (6) and (7), respectively;
            (C) by inserting after paragraph (4), the following:
        ``(5) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
    Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018, in consultation with Indian 
    Tribes, develop a policy for the Office of Juvenile Justice and 
    Delinquency Prevention to collaborate with representatives of 
    Indian Tribes with a criminal justice function on the 
    implementation of the provisions of this Act relating to Indian 
    Tribes;'';
            (D) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by adding ``and'' 
        at the end; and
            (E) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated--
                (i) by striking ``monitoring'';
                (ii) by striking ``section 223(a)(15)'' and inserting 
            ``section 223(a)(14)''; and
                (iii) by striking ``to review the adequacy of such 
            systems; and'' and inserting ``for monitoring 
            compliance.''.
    SEC. 202. COORDINATING COUNCIL ON JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY 
      PREVENTION.
    Section 206 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11116) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) by inserting ``the Assistant Secretary for Mental 
            Health and Substance Use, the Secretary of the Interior,'' 
            after ``the Secretary of Health and Human Services,''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Commissioner of Immigration and 
            Naturalization'' and inserting ``Assistant Secretary for 
            Immigration and Customs Enforcement''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``United States'' and 
        inserting ``Federal Government''; and
        (2) in subsection (c)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``paragraphs (12)(A), 
        (13), and (14) of section 223(a) of this title'' and inserting 
        ``the core requirements''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
            inserting ``, on an annual basis'' after ``collectively''; 
            and
                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
            following:
            ``(B) not later than 120 days after the completion of the 
        last meeting of the Council during any fiscal year, submit to 
        the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
        Senate a report that--
                ``(i) contains the recommendations described in 
            subparagraph (A);
                ``(ii) includes a detailed account of the activities 
            conducted by the Council during the fiscal year, including 
            a complete detailed accounting of expenses incurred by the 
            Council to conduct operations in accordance with this 
            section;
                ``(iii) is published on the websites of the Office of 
            Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Council, 
            and the Department of Justice; and
                ``(iv) is in addition to the annual report required 
            under section 207.''.
    SEC. 203. ANNUAL REPORT.
    Section 207 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11117) is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``a 
    fiscal year'' and inserting ``each fiscal year'';
        (2) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and gender'' and 
        inserting ``, gender, and ethnicity, as such term is defined by 
        the Bureau of the Census,'';
            (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (C) in subparagraph (F)--
                (i) by inserting ``and other'' before 
            ``disabilities,''; and
                (ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a 
            semicolon; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(G) a summary of data from 1 month of the applicable 
        fiscal year of the use of restraints and isolation upon 
        juveniles held in the custody of secure detention and 
        correctional facilities operated by a State or unit of local 
        government;
            ``(H) the number of status offense cases petitioned to 
        court, number of status offenders held in secure detention, the 
        findings used to justify the use of secure detention, and the 
        average period of time a status offender was held in secure 
        detention;
            ``(I) the number of juveniles released from custody and the 
        type of living arrangement to which they are released;
            ``(J) the number of juveniles whose offense originated on 
        school grounds, during school-sponsored off-campus activities, 
        or due to a referral by a school official, as collected and 
        reported by the Department of Education or similar State 
        educational agency; and
            ``(K) the number of juveniles in the custody of secure 
        detention and correctional facilities operated by a State or 
        unit of local or tribal government who report being 
        pregnant.''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) A description of the criteria used to determine what 
    programs qualify as evidence-based and promising programs under 
    this title and title V and a comprehensive list of those programs 
    the Administrator has determined meet such criteria in both rural 
    and urban areas.
        ``(6) A description of funding provided to Indian Tribes under 
    this Act or for a juvenile delinquency or prevention program under 
    the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-211; 124 Stat. 
    2261), including direct Federal grants and funding provided to 
    Indian Tribes through a State or unit of local government.
        ``(7) An analysis and evaluation of the internal controls at 
    the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to 
    determine if grantees are following the requirements of the Office 
    of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant programs and 
    what remedial action the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
    Prevention has taken to recover any grant funds that are expended 
    in violation of the grant programs, including instances--
            ``(A) in which supporting documentation was not provided 
        for cost reports;
            ``(B) where unauthorized expenditures occurred; or
            ``(C) where subrecipients of grant funds were not compliant 
        with program requirements.
        ``(8) An analysis and evaluation of the total amount of 
    payments made to grantees that the Office of Juvenile Justice and 
    Delinquency Prevention recouped from grantees that were found to be 
    in violation of policies and procedures of the Office of Juvenile 
    Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant programs, including--
            ``(A) the full name and location of the grantee;
            ``(B) the violation of the program found;
            ``(C) the amount of funds sought to be recouped by the 
        Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and
            ``(D) the actual amount recouped by the Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention.''.
    SEC. 204. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.
    (a) Technical Assistance.--Section 221(b)(1) of the Juvenile 
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11131(b)(1)) 
is amended by striking ``2 percent'' and inserting ``5 percent''.
    (b) Other Allocations.--Section 222 of the Juvenile Justice and 
Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11132) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``age eighteen'' and 
        inserting ``18 years of age, based on the most recent data 
        available from the Bureau of the Census''; and
            (B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(2)(A) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to 
carry out this title is less than $75,000,000, then--
        ``(i) the amount allocated to each State other than a State 
    described in clause (ii) for that fiscal year shall be not less 
    than $400,000; and
        ``(ii) the amount allocated to the United States Virgin 
    Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern 
    Mariana Islands for that fiscal year shall be not less than 
    $75,000.
    ``(B) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fiscal year to 
carry out this title is not less than $75,000,000, then--
        ``(i) the amount allocated to each State other than a State 
    described in clause (ii) for that fiscal year shall be not less 
    than $600,000; and
        ``(ii) the amount allocated to the United States Virgin 
    Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern 
    Mariana Islands for that fiscal year shall be not less than 
    $100,000.'';
        (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``efficient administration, 
    including monitoring, evaluation, and one full-time staff 
    position'' and inserting ``effective and efficient administration 
    of funds, including the designation of not less than one individual 
    who shall coordinate efforts to achieve and sustain compliance with 
    the core requirements and certify whether the State is in 
    compliance with such requirements''; and
        (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``5 per centum of the 
    minimum'' and inserting ``not more than 5 percent of the''.
    (c) Charles Grassley Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 
Program.--Part B of title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11131 et seq.) is amended--
        (1) in the part heading, by striking ``Federal Assistance for 
    State and Local Programs'' and inserting ``Charles Grassley 
    Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Program''; and
        (2) by inserting before section 221 the following:


                              ``short title

    ``Sec. 220. This part may be cited as the `Charles Grassley 
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Program'.''.
    SEC. 205. STATE PLANS.
    Section 223 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11133) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``and shall describe the status of compliance with State plan 
        requirements.'' and inserting ``and shall describe how the 
        State plan is supported by or takes account of scientific 
        knowledge regarding adolescent development and behavior and 
        regarding the effects of delinquency prevention programs and 
        juvenile justice interventions on adolescents. Not later than 
        60 days after the date on which a plan or amended plan 
        submitted under this subsection is finalized, a State shall 
        make the plan or amended plan publicly available by posting the 
        plan or amended plan on the State's publicly available 
        website.'';
            (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``described in section 
        299(c)(1)'' and inserting ``as designated by the chief 
        executive officer of the State'';
            (C) in paragraph (3)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A)--

                    (I) in clause (i), by inserting ``adolescent 
                development,'' after ``concerning'';
                    (II) in clause (ii)--

                        (aa) in subclause (III), by striking ``mental 
                    health, education, special education'' and 
                    inserting ``child and adolescent mental health, 
                    education, child and adolescent substance abuse, 
                    special education, services for youth with 
                    disabilities'';
                        (bb) in subclause (V), by striking 
                    ``delinquents or potential delinquents'' and 
                    inserting ``delinquent youth or youth at risk of 
                    delinquency'';
                        (cc) in subclause (VI), by striking ``youth 
                    workers involved with'' and inserting 
                    ``representatives of'';
                        (dd) in subclause (VII), by striking ``and'' at 
                    the end;
                        (ee) by striking subclause (VIII) and inserting 
                    the following:

                    ``(VIII) persons, licensed or certified by the 
                applicable State, with expertise and competence in 
                preventing and addressing mental health and substance 
                abuse needs in delinquent youth and youth at risk of 
                delinquency;
                    ``(IX) representatives of victim or witness 
                advocacy groups, including at least one individual with 
                expertise in addressing the challenges of sexual abuse 
                and exploitation and trauma, particularly the needs of 
                youth who experience disproportionate levels of sexual 
                abuse, exploitation, and trauma before entering the 
                juvenile justice system; and
                    ``(X) for a State in which one or more Indian 
                Tribes are located, an Indian tribal representative (if 
                such representative is available) or other individual 
                with significant expertise in tribal law enforcement 
                and juvenile justice in Indian tribal communities;'';
                    (III) in clause (iv), by striking ``24 at the time 
                of appointment'' and inserting ``28 at the time of 
                initial appointment''; and
                    (IV) in clause (v) by inserting ``or, if not 
                feasible and in appropriate circumstances, who is the 
                parent or guardian of someone who has been or is 
                currently under the jurisdiction of the juvenile 
                justice system'' after ``juvenile justice system'';

                (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``30 days'' and 
            inserting ``45 days'';
                (iii) in subparagraph (D)--

                    (I) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end; 
                and
                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking ``at least 
                annually recommendations regarding State compliance 
                with the requirements of paragraphs (11), (12), and 
                (13)'' and inserting ``at least every 2 years a report 
                and necessary recommendations regarding State 
                compliance with the core requirements''; and

                (iv) in subparagraph (E)--

                    (I) in clause (i), by adding ``and'' at the end; 
                and
                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon;

            (D) in paragraph (5)(C), by striking ``Indian tribes'' and 
        all that follows through ``applicable to the detention and 
        confinement of juveniles'' and inserting ``Indian Tribes that 
        agree to attempt to comply with the core requirements 
        applicable to the detention and confinement of juveniles'';
            (E) in paragraph (7)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``performs law 
            enforcement functions'' and inserting ``has jurisdiction''; 
            and
                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--

                    (I) in clause (iii), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end; and
                    (II) by striking clause (iv) and inserting the 
                following:

                ``(iv) a plan to provide alternatives to detention for 
            status offenders, survivors of commercial sexual 
            exploitation, and others, where appropriate, such as 
            specialized or problem-solving courts or diversion to home-
            based or community-based services or treatment for those 
            youth in need of mental health, substance abuse, or co-
            occurring disorder services at the time such juveniles 
            first come into contact with the juvenile justice system;
                ``(v) a plan to reduce the number of children housed in 
            secure detention and corrections facilities who are 
            awaiting placement in residential treatment programs;
                ``(vi) a plan to engage family members, where 
            appropriate, in the design and delivery of juvenile 
            delinquency prevention and treatment services, particularly 
            post-placement;
                ``(vii) a plan to use community-based services to 
            respond to the needs of at-risk youth or youth who have 
            come into contact with the juvenile justice system;
                ``(viii) a plan to promote evidence-based and trauma-
            informed programs and practices; and
                ``(ix) not later than 1 year after the date of 
            enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018, a 
            plan which shall be implemented not later than 2 years 
            after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform 
            Act of 2018, to--

                    ``(I) eliminate the use of restraints of known 
                pregnant juveniles housed in secure juvenile detention 
                and correction facilities, during labor, delivery, and 
                post-partum recovery, unless credible, reasonable 
                grounds exist to believe the detainee presents an 
                immediate and serious threat of hurting herself, staff, 
                or others; and
                    ``(II) eliminate the use of abdominal restraints, 
                leg and ankle restraints, wrist restraints behind the 
                back, and four-point restraints on known pregnant 
                juveniles, unless--

                        ``(aa) credible, reasonable grounds exist to 
                    believe the detainee presents an immediate and 
                    serious threat of hurting herself, staff, or 
                    others; or
                        ``(bb) reasonable grounds exist to believe the 
                    detainee presents an immediate and credible risk of 
                    escape that cannot be reasonably minimized through 
                    any other method;'';
            (F) in paragraph (8), by striking ``existing'' and 
        inserting ``evidence-based and promising'';
            (G) in paragraph (9)--
                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
            inserting ``, with priority in funding given to entities 
            meeting the criteria for evidence-based or promising 
            programs'' after ``used for'';
                (ii) in subparagraph (A)--

                    (I) in clause (i)--

                        (aa) by inserting ``status offenders and 
                    other'' before ``youth who need''; and
                        (bb) by striking ``and'' at the end;

                    (II) in clause (ii) by adding ``and'' at the end; 
                and
                    (III) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

                ``(iii) for youth who need specialized intensive and 
            comprehensive services that address the unique issues 
            encountered by youth when they become involved with 
            gangs;'';
                (iii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--

                    (I) by striking ``parents and other family 
                members'' and inserting ``status offenders, other 
                youth, and the parents and other family members of such 
                offenders and youth''; and
                    (II) by striking ``be retained'' and inserting 
                ``remain'';

                (iv) in subparagraph (E)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``delinquent'' and inserting ``at-risk or delinquent 
                youth''; and
                    (II) in clause (i), by inserting ``, including for 
                truancy prevention and reduction'' before the 
                semicolon;

                (v) in subparagraph (F), in the matter preceding clause 
            (i), by striking ``expanding'' and inserting ``programs to 
            expand'';
                (vi) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) through (S) as 
            subparagraphs (H) through (T), respectively;
                (vii) by inserting after subparagraph (F), the 
            following:
            ``(G) programs--
                ``(i) to ensure youth have access to appropriate legal 
            representation; and
                ``(ii) to expand access to publicly supported, court-
            appointed legal counsel who are trained to represent 
            juveniles in adjudication proceedings,
        except that the State may not use more than 2 percent of the 
        funds received under section 222 for these purposes;'';
                (viii) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated, by 
            striking ``State,'' each place the term appears and 
            inserting ``State, tribal,'';
                (ix) in subparagraph (M), as so redesignated--

                    (I) in clause (i)--

                        (aa) by inserting ``pre-adjudication and'' 
                    before ``post-adjudication'';
                        (bb) by striking ``restraints'' and inserting 
                    ``alternatives''; and
                        (cc) by inserting ``specialized or problem-
                    solving courts,'' after ``(including''; and

                    (II) in clause (ii)--

                        (aa) by striking ``by the provision by the 
                    Administrator''; and
                        (bb) by striking ``to States'';
                (x) in subparagraph (N), as so redesignated--

                    (I) by inserting ``and reduce the risk of 
                recidivism'' after ``families''; and
                    (II) by striking ``so that such juveniles may be 
                retained in their homes'';

                (xi) in subparagraph (S), as so redesignated, by 
            striking ``and'' at the end;
                (xii) in subparagraph (T), as so redesignated--

                    (I) by inserting ``or co-occurring disorder'' after 
                ``mental health'';
                    (II) by inserting ``court-involved or'' before 
                ``incarcerated'';
                    (III) by striking ``suspected to be'';
                    (IV) by striking ``and discharge plans'' and 
                inserting ``provision of treatment, and development of 
                discharge plans''; and
                    (V) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                a semicolon; and

                (xiii) by inserting after subparagraph (T) the 
            following:
            ``(U) programs and projects designed--
                ``(i) to inform juveniles of the opportunity and 
            process for sealing and expunging juvenile records; and
                ``(ii) to assist juveniles in pursuing juvenile record 
            sealing and expungements for both adjudications and arrests 
            not followed by adjudications;
        except that the State may not use more than 2 percent of the 
        funds received under section 222 for these purposes;
            ``(V) programs that address the needs of girls in or at 
        risk of entering the juvenile justice system, including 
        pregnant girls, young mothers, survivors of commercial sexual 
        exploitation or domestic child sex trafficking, girls with 
        disabilities, and girls of color, including girls who are 
        members of an Indian Tribe; and
            ``(W) monitoring for compliance with the core requirements 
        and providing training and technical assistance on the core 
        requirements to secure facilities;'';
            (H) by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the following:
        ``(11)(A) in accordance with rules issued by the Administrator, 
    provide that a juvenile shall not be placed in a secure detention 
    facility or a secure correctional facility, if--
            ``(i) the juvenile is charged with or has committed an 
        offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult, 
        excluding--
                ``(I) a juvenile who is charged with or has committed a 
            violation of section 922(x)(2) of title 18, United States 
            Code, or of a similar State law;
                ``(II) a juvenile who is charged with or has committed 
            a violation of a valid court order issued and reviewed in 
            accordance with paragraph (23); and
                ``(III) a juvenile who is held in accordance with the 
            Interstate Compact on Juveniles as enacted by the State; or
            ``(ii) the juvenile--
                ``(I) is not charged with any offense; and
                ``(II)(aa) is an alien; or
                ``(bb) is alleged to be dependent, neglected, or 
            abused; and
        ``(B) require that--
            ``(i) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of 
        the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018, unless a court finds, 
        after a hearing and in writing, that it is in the interest of 
        justice, juveniles awaiting trial or other legal process who 
        are treated as adults for purposes of prosecution in criminal 
        court and housed in a secure facility--
                ``(I) shall not have sight or sound contact with adult 
            inmates; and
                ``(II) except as provided in paragraph (13), may not be 
            held in any jail or lockup for adults;
            ``(ii) in determining under clause (i) whether it is in the 
        interest of justice to permit a juvenile to be held in any jail 
        or lockup for adults, or have sight or sound contact with adult 
        inmates, a court shall consider--
                ``(I) the age of the juvenile;
                ``(II) the physical and mental maturity of the 
            juvenile;
                ``(III) the present mental state of the juvenile, 
            including whether the juvenile presents an imminent risk of 
            harm to the juvenile;
                ``(IV) the nature and circumstances of the alleged 
            offense;
                ``(V) the juvenile's history of prior delinquent acts;
                ``(VI) the relative ability of the available adult and 
            juvenile detention facilities to not only meet the specific 
            needs of the juvenile but also to protect the safety of the 
            public as well as other detained youth; and
                ``(VII) any other relevant factor; and
            ``(iii) if a court determines under clause (i) that it is 
        in the interest of justice to permit a juvenile to be held in 
        any jail or lockup for adults--
                ``(I) the court shall hold a hearing not less 
            frequently than once every 30 days, or in the case of a 
            rural jurisdiction, not less frequently than once every 45 
            days, to review whether it is still in the interest of 
            justice to permit the juvenile to be so held or have such 
            sight or sound contact; and
                ``(II) the juvenile shall not be held in any jail or 
            lockup for adults, or permitted to have sight or sound 
            contact with adult inmates, for more than 180 days, unless 
            the court, in writing, determines there is good cause for 
            an extension or the juvenile expressly waives this 
            limitation;''.
            (I) in paragraph (12)(A), by striking ``contact'' and 
        inserting ``sight or sound contact'';
            (J) in paragraph (13), by striking ``contact'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``sight or sound contact'';
            (K) in paragraph (14)--
                (i) by striking ``adequate system'' and inserting 
            ``effective system'';
                (ii) by inserting ``lock-ups,'' after ``monitoring 
            jails,'';
                (iii) by inserting ``and'' after ``detention 
            facilities,'';
                (iv) by striking ``, and non-secure facilities'';
                (v) by striking ``insure'' and inserting ``ensure'';
                (vi) by striking ``requirements of paragraphs (11), 
            (12), and (13)'' and inserting ``core requirements''; and
                (vii) by striking ``, in the opinion of the 
            Administrator,'';
            (L) by striking paragraphs (22) and (27);
            (M) by redesignating paragraph (28) as paragraph (27);
            (N) by redesignating paragraphs (15) through (21) as 
        paragraphs (16) through (22), respectively;
            (O) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following:
        ``(15) implement policy, practice, and system improvement 
    strategies at the State, territorial, local, and tribal levels, as 
    applicable, to identify and reduce racial and ethnic disparities 
    among youth who come into contact with the juvenile justice system, 
    without establishing or requiring numerical standards or quotas, 
    by--
            ``(A) establishing or designating existing coordinating 
        bodies, composed of juvenile justice stakeholders, (including 
        representatives of the educational system) at the State, local, 
        or tribal levels, to advise efforts by States, units of local 
        government, and Indian Tribes to reduce racial and ethnic 
        disparities;
            ``(B) identifying and analyzing data on race and ethnicity 
        at decision points in State, local, or tribal juvenile justice 
        systems to determine which such points create racial and ethnic 
        disparities among youth who come into contact with the juvenile 
        justice system; and
            ``(C) developing and implementing a work plan that includes 
        measurable objectives for policy, practice, or other system 
        changes, based on the needs identified in the data collection 
        and analysis under subparagraph (B);'';
            (P) in paragraph (16), as so redesignated, by inserting 
        ``ethnicity,'' after ``race,'';
            (Q) in paragraph (21), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``local,'' each place the term appears and inserting ``local, 
        tribal,'';
            (R) in paragraph (23)--
                (i) in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), by striking 
            ``juvenile'' each place it appears and inserting ``status 
            offender'';
                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
            end;
                (iii) in subparagraph (C)--

                    (I) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (II) in clause (ii), by adding ``and'' at the end; 
                and
                    (III) by adding at the end the following:

                ``(iii) if such court determines the status offender 
            should be placed in a secure detention facility or 
            correctional facility for violating such order--

                    ``(I) the court shall issue a written order that--

                        ``(aa) identifies the valid court order that 
                    has been violated;
                        ``(bb) specifies the factual basis for 
                    determining that there is reasonable cause to 
                    believe that the status offender has violated such 
                    order;
                        ``(cc) includes findings of fact to support a 
                    determination that there is no appropriate less 
                    restrictive alternative available to placing the 
                    status offender in such a facility, with due 
                    consideration to the best interest of the juvenile;
                        ``(dd) specifies the length of time, not to 
                    exceed 7 days, that the status offender may remain 
                    in a secure detention facility or correctional 
                    facility, and includes a plan for the status 
                    offender's release from such facility; and
                        ``(ee) may not be renewed or extended; and

                    ``(II) the court may not issue a second or 
                subsequent order described in subclause (I) relating to 
                a status offender unless the status offender violates a 
                valid court order after the date on which the court 
                issues an order described in subclause (I); and''; and

                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(D) there are procedures in place to ensure that any 
        status offender held in a secure detention facility or 
        correctional facility pursuant to a court order described in 
        this paragraph does not remain in custody longer than 7 days or 
        the length of time authorized by the court, whichever is 
        shorter;'';
            (S) in paragraph (26)--
                (i) by inserting ``and in accordance with 
            confidentiality concerns,'' after ``maximum extent 
            practicable,''; and
                (ii) by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting 
            the following: ``, so as to provide for--
            ``(A) data in child abuse or neglect reports relating to 
        juveniles entering the juvenile justice system with a prior 
        reported history of arrest, court intake, probation and parole, 
        juvenile detention, and corrections; and
            ``(B) a plan to use the data described in subparagraph (A) 
        to provide necessary services for the treatment of such victims 
        of child abuse or neglect;'';
            (T) in paragraph (27), as so redesignated, by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
            (U) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(28) provide for the coordinated use of funds provided under 
    this title with other Federal and State funds directed at juvenile 
    delinquency prevention and intervention programs;
        ``(29) describe the policies, procedures, and training in 
    effect for the staff of juvenile State correctional facilities to 
    eliminate the use of dangerous practices, unreasonable restraints, 
    and unreasonable isolation, including by developing effective 
    behavior management techniques;
        ``(30) describe--
            ``(A) the evidence-based methods that will be used to 
        conduct mental health and substance abuse screening, 
        assessment, referral, and treatment for juveniles who--
                ``(i) request a screening;
                ``(ii) show signs of needing a screening; or
                ``(iii) are held for a period of more than 24 hours in 
            a secure facility that provides for an initial screening; 
            and
            ``(B) how the State will seek, to the extent practicable, 
        to provide or arrange for mental health and substance abuse 
        disorder treatment for juveniles determined to be in need of 
        such treatment;
        ``(31) describe how reentry planning by the State for juveniles 
    will include--
            ``(A) a written case plan based on an assessment of needs 
        that includes--
                ``(i) the pre-release and post-release plans for the 
            juveniles;
                ``(ii) the living arrangement to which the juveniles 
            are to be discharged; and
                ``(iii) any other plans developed for the juveniles 
            based on an individualized assessment; and
            ``(B) review processes;
        ``(32) provide an assurance that the agency of the State 
    receiving funds under this title collaborates with the State 
    educational agency receiving assistance under part A of title I of 
    the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311 
    et seq.) to develop and implement a plan to ensure that, in order 
    to support educational progress--
            ``(A) the student records of adjudicated juveniles, 
        including electronic records if available, are transferred in a 
        timely manner from the educational program in the juvenile 
        detention or secure treatment facility to the educational or 
        training program into which the juveniles will enroll;
            ``(B) the credits of adjudicated juveniles are transferred; 
        and
            ``(C) adjudicated juveniles receive full or partial credit 
        toward high school graduation for secondary school coursework 
        satisfactorily completed before and during the period of time 
        during which the juveniles are held in custody, regardless of 
        the local educational agency or entity from which the credits 
        were earned; and
        ``(33) describe policies and procedures to--
            ``(A) screen for, identify, and document in records of the 
        State the identification of victims of domestic human 
        trafficking, or those at risk of such trafficking, upon intake; 
        and
            ``(B) divert youth described in subparagraph (A) to 
        appropriate programs or services, to the extent practicable.'';
            (2) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
    ``(c)(1) If a State fails to comply with any of the core 
requirements in any fiscal year, then--
        ``(A) subject to subparagraph (B), the amount allocated to such 
    State under section 222 for the subsequent fiscal year shall be 
    reduced by not less than 20 percent for each core requirement with 
    respect to which the failure occurs; and
        ``(B) the State shall be ineligible to receive any allocation 
    under such section for such fiscal year unless--
            ``(i) the State agrees to expend 50 percent of the amount 
        allocated to the State for such fiscal year to achieve 
        compliance with any such core requirement with respect to which 
        the State is in noncompliance; or
            ``(ii) the Administrator determines that the State--
                ``(I) has achieved substantial compliance with such 
            applicable requirements with respect to which the State was 
            not in compliance; and
                ``(II) has made, through appropriate executive or 
            legislative action, an unequivocal commitment to achieving 
            full compliance with such applicable requirements within a 
            reasonable time.
    ``(2) Of the total amount of funds not allocated for a fiscal year 
under paragraph (1)--
        ``(A) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall be reallocated 
    under section 222 to States that have not failed to comply with the 
    core requirements; and
        ``(B) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall be used by the 
    Administrator to provide additional training and technical 
    assistance to States for the purpose of promoting compliance with 
    the core requirements.'';
        (3) in subsection (d)--
            (A) by striking ``described in paragraphs (11), (12), (13), 
        and (22) of subsection (a)'' and inserting ``described in the 
        core requirements''; and
            (B) by striking ``the requirements under paragraphs (11), 
        (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a)'' and inserting ``the 
        core requirements'';
        (4) in subsection (f)(2)--
            (A) by striking subparagraph (A); and
            (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (E) as 
        subparagraphs (A) through (D), respectively; and
        (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Compliance Determination.--
        ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year, the Administrator 
    shall make a determination regarding whether each State receiving a 
    grant under this title is in compliance or out of compliance with 
    respect to each of the core requirements.
        ``(2) Reporting.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(A) issue an annual public report--
                ``(i) describing any determination described in 
            paragraph (1) made during the previous year, including a 
            summary of the information on which the determination is 
            based and the actions to be taken by the Administrator 
            (including a description of any reduction imposed under 
            subsection (c)); and
                ``(ii) for any such determination that a State is out 
            of compliance with any of the core requirements, describing 
            the basis for the determination; and
            ``(B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) 
        available on a publicly available website.
        ``(3) Determinations required.--The Administrator may not--
            ``(A) determine that a State is `not out of compliance', or 
        issue any other determination not described in paragraph (1), 
        with respect to any core requirement; or
            ``(B) otherwise fail to make the compliance determinations 
        required under paragraph (1).''.
    SEC. 206. REPEAL OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PREVENTION BLOCK GRANT 
      PROGRAM.
    Part C of title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11141 et seq.) is repealed.
    SEC. 207. RESEARCH AND EVALUATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSES; 
      INFORMATION DISSEMINATION.
    Section 251 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11161) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
            striking ``may'' and inserting ``shall'';
                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``plan and 
            identify'' and inserting ``annually publish a plan to 
            identify''; and
                (iii) in subparagraph (B)--

                    (I) by striking clause (iii) and inserting the 
                following:

            ``(iii) successful efforts to prevent status offenders and 
        first-time minor offenders from subsequent involvement with the 
        juvenile justice and criminal justice systems;'';

                    (II) by striking clause (vii) and inserting the 
                following:

            ``(vii) the prevalence and duration of behavioral health 
        needs (including mental health, substance abuse, and co-
        occurring disorders) among juveniles pre-placement and post-
        placement in the juvenile justice system, including an 
        examination of the effects of secure detention in a 
        correctional facility;'';

                    (III) by redesignating clauses (ix), (x), and (xi) 
                as clauses (xvi), (xvii), and (xviii), respectively; 
                and
                    (IV) by inserting after clause (viii) the 
                following:

            ``(ix) training efforts and reforms that have produced 
        reductions in or elimination of the use of dangerous practices;
            ``(x) methods to improve the recruitment, selection, 
        training, and retention of professional personnel who are 
        focused on the prevention, identification, and treatment of 
        delinquency;
            ``(xi) methods to improve the identification and response 
        to victims of domestic child sex trafficking within the 
        juvenile justice system;
            ``(xii) identifying positive outcome measures, such as 
        attainment of employment and educational degrees, that States 
        and units of local government should use to evaluate the 
        success of programs aimed at reducing recidivism of youth who 
        have come in contact with the juvenile justice system or 
        criminal justice system;
            ``(xiii) evaluating the impact and outcomes of the 
        prosecution and sentencing of juveniles as adults;
            ``(xiv) successful and cost-effective efforts by States and 
        units of local government to reduce recidivism through policies 
        that provide for consideration of appropriate alternative 
        sanctions to incarceration of youth facing nonviolent charges, 
        while ensuring that public safety is preserved;''; and
            (B) in paragraph (4)--
                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--

                    (I) by striking ``date of enactment of this 
                paragraph, the'' and inserting ``date of enactment of 
                the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018, the''; and
                    (II) by inserting ``in accordance with applicable 
                confidentiality requirements'' after ``wards of the 
                State''; and

                (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``and Indian 
            Tribes'' after ``State'';
                (iii) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and'' at the 
            end;
                (iv) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the 
            end and inserting a semicolon; and
                (v) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(H) a description of the best practices in discharge 
    planning; and
        ``(I) an assessment of living arrangements for juveniles who, 
    upon release from confinement in a State correctional facility, 
    cannot return to the residence they occupied prior to such 
    confinement.'';
        (2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
    by striking ``may'' and inserting ``shall''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) National Recidivism Measure.--The Administrator, in 
accordance with applicable confidentiality requirements and in 
consultation with experts in the field of juvenile justice research, 
recidivism, and data collection, shall--
        ``(1) establish a uniform method of data collection and 
    technology that States may use to evaluate data on juvenile 
    recidivism on an annual basis;
        ``(2) establish a common national juvenile recidivism 
    measurement system; and
        ``(3) make cumulative juvenile recidivism data that is 
    collected from States available to the public.''.
    SEC. 208. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.
    Section 252 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11162) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``may'';
            (B) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) by inserting ``shall'' before ``develop and carry 
            out projects''; and
                (ii) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
            (C) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) by inserting ``may'' before ``make grants to and 
            contracts with''; and
                (ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
            ``; and''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) shall provide periodic training for States regarding 
    implementation of the core requirements, current protocols and best 
    practices for achieving and monitoring compliance, and information 
    sharing regarding relevant Office resources on evidence-based and 
    promising programs or practices that promote the purposes of this 
    Act.'';
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``may'';
            (B) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) by inserting ``shall'' before ``develop and 
            implement projects'';
                (ii) by inserting ``, including compliance with the 
            core requirements'' after ``this title''; and
                (iii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (C) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) by inserting ``may'' before ``make grants to and 
            contracts with''; and
                (ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a 
            semicolon; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) shall provide technical assistance to States and units of 
    local government on achieving compliance with the amendments to the 
    core requirements and State Plans made by the Juvenile Justice 
    Reform Act of 2018, including training and technical assistance 
    and, when appropriate, pilot or demonstration projects intended to 
    develop and replicate best practices for achieving sight and sound 
    separation in facilities or portions of facilities that are open 
    and available to the general public and that may or may not contain 
    a jail or a lock-up; and
        ``(4) shall provide technical assistance to States in support 
    of efforts to establish partnerships between a State and a 
    university, institution of higher education, or research center 
    designed to improve the recruitment, selection, training, and 
    retention of professional personnel in the fields of medicine, law 
    enforcement, the judiciary, juvenile justice, social work and child 
    protection, education, and other relevant fields who are engaged 
    in, or intend to work in, the field of prevention, identification, 
    and treatment of delinquency.'';
        (3) in subsection (c)--
            (A) by inserting ``prosecutors,'' after ``public 
        defenders,''; and
            (B) by inserting ``status offenders and'' after ``needs 
        of''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Best Practices Regarding Legal Representation of Children.--
In consultation with experts in the field of juvenile defense, the 
Administrator shall--
        ``(1) share best practices that may include sharing standards 
    of practice developed by recognized entities in the profession, for 
    attorneys representing children; and
        ``(2) provide a State, if it so requests, technical assistance 
    to implement any of the best practices shared under paragraph (1).
    ``(e) Best Practices for Status Offenders.--Based on the available 
research and State practices, the Administrator shall--
        ``(1) disseminate best practices for the treatment of status 
    offenders with a focus on reduced recidivism, improved long-term 
    outcomes, and limited usage of valid court orders to place status 
    offenders in secure detention; and
        ``(2) provide a State, on request, technical assistance to 
    implement any of the best practices shared under paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Training and Technical Assistance for Local and State 
Juvenile Detention and Corrections Personnel.--The Administrator shall 
coordinate training and technical assistance programs with juvenile 
detention and corrections personnel of States and units of local 
government--
        ``(1) to promote methods for improving conditions of juvenile 
    confinement, including methods that are designed to minimize the 
    use of dangerous practices, unreasonable restraints, and isolation 
    and methods responsive to cultural differences; and
        ``(2) to encourage alternative behavior management techniques 
    based on positive youth development approaches that may include 
    methods responsive to cultural differences.
    ``(g) Training and Technical Assistance To Support Mental Health or 
Substance Abuse Treatment Including Home-Based or Community-Based 
Care.--The Administrator shall provide training and technical 
assistance, in conjunction with the appropriate public agencies, to 
individuals involved in making decisions regarding the disposition and 
management of cases for youth who enter the juvenile justice system 
about the appropriate services and placement for youth with mental 
health or substance abuse needs, including--
        ``(1) juvenile justice intake personnel;
        ``(2) probation officers;
        ``(3) juvenile court judges and court services personnel;
        ``(4) prosecutors and court-appointed counsel; and
        ``(5) family members of juveniles and family advocates.
    ``(h) Training and Technical Assistance to Support Juvenile Court 
Judges and Personnel.--The Attorney General, acting through the Office 
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Office of 
Justice Programs in consultation with entities in the profession, shall 
provide directly, or through grants or contracts, training and 
technical assistance to enhance the capacity of State and local courts, 
judges, and related judicial personnel to--
        ``(1) improve the lives of children currently involved in or at 
    risk of being involved in the juvenile court system; and
        ``(2) carry out the requirements of this Act.
    ``(i) Free and Reduced Price School Lunches for Incarcerated 
Juveniles.--The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Agriculture, shall provide guidance to States relating to existing 
options for school food authorities in the States to apply for 
reimbursement for free or reduced price lunches under the Richard B. 
Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) for 
juveniles who are incarcerated and would, if not incarcerated, be 
eligible for free or reduced price lunches under that Act.''.
    SEC. 209. ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY.
    Section 299A of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11182) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (d)--
            (A) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``The Administrator'';
            (B) by striking ``, after appropriate consultation with 
        representatives of States and units of local government,'';
            (C) by inserting ``guidance,'' after ``regulations,''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following: ``In developing 
        guidance and procedures, the Administrator shall consult with 
        representatives of States and units of local government, 
        including those individuals responsible for administration of 
        this Act and compliance with the core requirements.
    ``(2) The Administrator shall ensure that--
        ``(A) reporting, compliance reporting, State plan requirements, 
    and other similar documentation as may be required from States is 
    requested in a manner that respects confidentiality, encourages 
    efficiency and reduces the duplication of reporting efforts; and
        ``(B) States meeting all the core requirements are encouraged 
    to experiment with offering innovative, data-driven programs 
    designed to further improve the juvenile justice system.''; and
        (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``requirements described in 
    paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) of section 223(a)'' and inserting 
    ``core requirements''.

TITLE III--INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR PRISON REDUCTION THROUGH OPPORTUNITIES, 
            MENTORING, INTERVENTION, SUPPORT, AND EDUCATION

    SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.
    Section 501 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency 
Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 11101 note) is amended--
        (1) by inserting ``Youth Promise'' before ``Grants''; and
        (2) by striking ``2002'' and inserting ``2018''.
    SEC. 302. DEFINITIONS.
    Section 502 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency 
Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 11281) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``SEC. 502. DEFINITIONS.
    ``In this title--
        ``(1) the term `at-risk' has the meaning given that term in 
    section 1432 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 
    (20 U.S.C. 6472);
        ``(2) the term `eligible entity' means--
            ``(A) a unit of local government that is in compliance with 
        the requirements of part B of title II; or
            ``(B) a nonprofit organization in partnership with a unit 
        of local government described in subparagraph (A);
        ``(3) the term `delinquency prevention program' means a 
    delinquency prevention program that is evidence-based or promising 
    and that may include--
            ``(A) alcohol and substance abuse prevention or treatment 
        services;
            ``(B) tutoring and remedial education, especially in 
        reading and mathematics;
            ``(C) child and adolescent health and mental health 
        services;
            ``(D) recreation services;
            ``(E) leadership and youth development activities;
            ``(F) the teaching that individuals are and should be held 
        accountable for their actions;
            ``(G) assistance in the development of job training skills;
            ``(H) youth mentoring programs;
            ``(I) after-school programs;
            ``(J) coordination of a continuum of services that may 
        include--
                ``(i) early childhood development services;
                ``(ii) voluntary home visiting programs;
                ``(iii) nurse-family partnership programs;
                ``(iv) parenting skills training;
                ``(v) child abuse prevention programs;
                ``(vi) family stabilization programs;
                ``(vii) child welfare services;
                ``(viii) family violence intervention programs;
                ``(ix) adoption assistance programs;
                ``(x) emergency, transitional and permanent housing 
            assistance;
                ``(xi) job placement and retention training;
                ``(xii) summer jobs programs;
                ``(xiii) alternative school resources for youth who 
            have dropped out of school or demonstrate chronic truancy;
                ``(xiv) conflict resolution skill training;
                ``(xv) restorative justice programs;
                ``(xvi) mentoring programs;
                ``(xvii) targeted gang prevention, intervention and 
            exit services;
                ``(xviii) training and education programs for pregnant 
            teens and teen parents; and
                ``(xix) pre-release, post-release, and reentry services 
            to assist detained and incarcerated youth with 
            transitioning back into and reentering the community; and
            ``(K) other data-driven evidence-based or promising 
        prevention programs;
        ``(4) the term `local policy board', when used with respect to 
    an eligible entity, means a policy board that the eligible entity 
    will engage in the development of the eligible entity's plan 
    described in section 504(e)(5), and that includes--
            ``(A) not fewer than 15 and not more than 21 members; and
            ``(B) a balanced representation of--
                ``(i) public agencies and private nonprofit 
            organizations serving juveniles and their families; and
                ``(ii) business and industry;
            ``(C) at least one representative of the faith community, 
        one adjudicated youth, and one parent of an adjudicated youth; 
        and
            ``(D) in the case of an eligible entity described in 
        paragraph (1)(B), a representative of the nonprofit 
        organization of the eligible entity;
        ``(5) the term `mentoring' means matching 1 adult with 1 or 
    more youths for the purpose of providing guidance, support, and 
    encouragement through regularly scheduled meetings for not less 
    than 9 months;
        ``(6) the term `State advisory group' means the advisory group 
    appointed by the chief executive officer of a State under a plan 
    described in section 223(a); and
        ``(7) the term `State entity' means the State agency designated 
    under section 223(a)(1) or the entity receiving funds under section 
    223(d).''.
    SEC. 303. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATOR.
    Section 503 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency 
Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 11282) is amended--
        (1) by striking paragraph (1); and
        (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs 
    (1) through (3), respectively.
    SEC. 304. GRANTS FOR DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS.
    Section 504 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency 
Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 11281 et seq.) is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``SEC. 504. GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS.
    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to enable local 
communities to address the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth, 
including through a continuum of delinquency prevention programs for 
juveniles who have had contact with the juvenile justice system or who 
are likely to have contact with the juvenile justice system.
    ``(b) Program Authorized.--The Administrator shall--
        ``(1) for each fiscal year for which less than $25,000,000 is 
    appropriated under section 506, award grants to not fewer than 3 
    State entities, but not more than 5 State entities, that apply 
    under subsection (c) and meet the requirements of subsection (d); 
    or
        ``(2) for each fiscal year for which $25,000,000 or more is 
    appropriated under section 506, award grants to not fewer than 5 
    State entities that apply under subsection (c) and meet the 
    requirements of subsection (d).
    ``(c) State Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
this section, a State entity shall submit an application to the 
Administrator that includes the following:
        ``(1) An assurance the State entity will use--
            ``(A) not more than 10 percent of such grant, in the 
        aggregate--
                ``(i) for the costs incurred by the State entity to 
            carry out this section, except that not more than 3 percent 
            of such grant may be used for such costs; and
                ``(ii) to provide technical assistance to eligible 
            entities receiving a subgrant under subsection (e) in 
            carrying out delinquency prevention programs under the 
            subgrant; and
            ``(B) the remainder of such grant to award subgrants to 
        eligible entities under subsection (e).
        ``(2) An assurance that such grant will supplement, and not 
    supplant, State and local efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency.
        ``(3) An assurance the State entity will evaluate the capacity 
    of eligible entities receiving a subgrant under subsection (e) to 
    fulfill the requirements under such subsection.
        ``(4) An assurance that such application was prepared after 
    consultation with, and participation by, the State advisory group, 
    units of local government, community-based organizations, and 
    organizations that carry out programs, projects, or activities to 
    prevent juvenile delinquency in the local juvenile justice system 
    served by the State entity.
    ``(d)  Approval of State Applications.--In awarding grants under 
this section for a fiscal year, the Administrator may not award a grant 
to a State entity for a fiscal year unless--
        ``(1)(A) the State that will be served by the State entity 
    submitted a plan under section 223 for such fiscal year; and
        ``(B) such plan is approved by the Administrator for such 
    fiscal year; or
        ``(2) after finding good cause for a waiver, the Administrator 
    waives the plan required under subparagraph (A) for such State for 
    such fiscal year.
    ``(e) Subgrant Program.--
        ``(1) Program authorized.--
            ``(A) In general.--Each State entity receiving a grant 
        under this section shall award subgrants to eligible entities 
        in accordance with this subsection.
            ``(B) Priority.--In awarding subgrants under this 
        subsection, the State shall give priority to eligible entities 
        that demonstrate ability in--
                ``(i) plans for service and agency coordination and 
            collaboration including the collocation of services;
                ``(ii) innovative ways to involve the private nonprofit 
            and business sector in delinquency prevention activities;
                ``(iii) developing data-driven prevention plans, 
            employing evidence-based prevention strategies, and 
            conducting program evaluations to determine impact and 
            effectiveness;
                ``(iv) identifying under the plan submitted under 
            paragraph (5) potential savings and efficiencies associated 
            with successful implementation of such plan; and
                ``(v) describing how such savings and efficiencies may 
            be used to carry out delinquency prevention programs and be 
            reinvested in the continuing implementation of such 
            programs after the end of the subgrant period.
            ``(C) Subgrant program period and diversity of projects.--
                ``(i) Program period.--A subgrant awarded to an 
            eligible entity by a State entity under this section shall 
            be for a period of not more than 5 years, of which the 
            eligible entity--

                    ``(I) may use not more than 18 months for 
                completing the plan submitted by the eligible entity 
                under paragraph (5); and
                    ``(II) shall use the remainder of the subgrant 
                period, after planning period described in subclause 
                (I), for the implementation of such plan.

                ``(ii) Diversity of projects.--In awarding subgrants 
            under this subsection, a State entity shall ensure, to the 
            extent practicable and applicable, that such subgrants are 
            distributed throughout different areas, including urban, 
            suburban, and rural areas.
        ``(2) Local application.--An eligible entity that desires a 
    subgrant under this subsection shall submit an application to the 
    State entity in the State of the eligible entity, at such time and 
    in such manner as determined by the State entity, and that 
    includes--
            ``(A) a description of--
                ``(i) the local policy board and local partners the 
            eligible entity will engage in the development of the plan 
            described in paragraph (5);
                ``(ii) the unmet needs of at-risk or delinquent youth 
            in the community;
                ``(iii) available resources in the community to meet 
            the unmet needs identified in the needs assessment 
            described in paragraph (5)(A);
                ``(iv) potential costs to the community if the unmet 
            needs are not addressed;
            ``(B) a specific time period for the planning and 
        subsequent implementation of its continuum of local delinquency 
        prevention programs;
            ``(C) the steps the eligible entity will take to implement 
        the plan under subparagraph (A); and
            ``(D) a plan to continue the grant activity with non-
        Federal funds, if proven successful according to the 
        performance evaluation process under paragraph (5)(D), after 
        the grant period.
        ``(3) Matching requirement.--An eligible entity desiring a 
    subgrant under this subsection shall agree to provide a 50 percent 
    match of the amount of the subgrant that may include the value of 
    in-kind contributions.
        ``(4) Subgrant review.--
            ``(A) Review.--Not later than the end of the second year of 
        a subgrant period for a subgrant awarded to an eligible entity 
        under this subsection and before awarding the remaining amount 
        of the subgrant to the eligible entity, the State entity 
        shall--
                ``(i) ensure that the eligible entity has completed the 
            plan submitted under paragraph (2) and that the plan meets 
            the requirements of such paragraph; and
                ``(ii) verify that the eligible entity will begin the 
            implementation of its plan upon receiving the next 
            installment of its subgrant award.
            ``(B) Termination.--If the State entity finds through the 
        review conducted under subparagraph (A) that the eligible 
        entity has not met the requirements of clause (i) of such 
        subparagraph, the State entity shall reallocate the amount 
        remaining on the subgrant of the eligible entity to other 
        eligible entities receiving a subgrant under this subsection or 
        award the amount to an eligible entity during the next subgrant 
        competition under this subsection.
        ``(5) Local uses of funds.--An eligible entity that receives a 
    subgrant under this subsection shall use the funds to implement a 
    plan to carry out delinquency prevention programs in the community 
    served by the eligible entity in a coordinated manner with other 
    delinquency prevention programs or entities serving such community, 
    which includes--
            ``(A) an analysis of the unmet needs of at-risk or 
        delinquent youth in the community--
                ``(i) which shall include--

                    ``(I) the available resources in the community to 
                meet the unmet needs; and
                    ``(II) factors present in the community that may 
                contribute to delinquency, such as homelessness, food 
                insecurity, teen pregnancy, youth unemployment, family 
                instability, lack of educational opportunity; and

                ``(ii) may include an estimate--

                    ``(I) for the most recent year for which reliable 
                data is available, the amount expended by the community 
                and other entities for delinquency adjudication for 
                juveniles and the incarceration of adult offenders for 
                offenses committed in such community; and
                    ``(II) of potential savings and efficiencies that 
                may be achieved through the implementation of the plan;

            ``(B) a minimum 3-year comprehensive strategy to address 
        the unmet needs and an estimate of the amount or percentage of 
        non-Federal funds that are available to carry out the strategy;
            ``(C) a description of how delinquency prevention programs 
        under the plan will be coordinated;
            ``(D) a description of the performance evaluation process 
        of the delinquency prevention programs to be implemented under 
        the plan, which shall include performance measures to assess 
        efforts to address the unmet needs of youth in the community 
        analyzed under subparagraph (A);
            ``(E) the evidence or promising evaluation on which such 
        delinquency prevention programs are based; and
            ``(F) if such delinquency prevention programs are proven 
        successful according to the performance evaluation process 
        under subparagraph (D), a strategy to continue such programs 
        after the subgrant period with non-Federal funds, including a 
        description of how any estimated savings or efficiencies 
        created by the implementation of the plan may be used to 
        continue such programs.''.
    SEC. 305. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND RESPONSE 
      PROGRAMS.
    The Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act 
of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 11281 et seq.) is amended by redesignating section 
505 as section 506, and by inserting after section 504 the following:
    ``SEC. 505. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION AND RESPONSE 
      PROGRAMS.
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall make grants under this 
section, on a competitive basis, to eligible Indian Tribes (or 
consortia of Indian Tribes) as described in subsection (b)--
        ``(1) to support and enhance--
            ``(A) tribal juvenile delinquency prevention services; and
            ``(B) the ability of Indian Tribes to respond to, and care 
        for, at-risk or delinquent youth upon release; and
        ``(2) to encourage accountability of Indian tribal governments 
    with respect to preventing juvenile delinquency, and responding to, 
    and caring for, juvenile offenders.
    ``(b) Eligible Indian Tribes.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
under this section, an Indian Tribe or consortium of Indian Tribes 
shall submit to the Administrator an application in such form as the 
Administrator may require.
    ``(c) Considerations.--In providing grants under this section, the 
Administrator shall take into consideration, with respect to the Indian 
Tribe to be served, the--
        ``(1) juvenile delinquency rates;
        ``(2) school dropout rates; and
        ``(3) number of youth at risk of delinquency.
    ``(d) Availability of Funds.--Of the amount available for a fiscal 
year to carry out this title, 11 percent shall be available to carry 
out this section.''.
    SEC. 306. EVALUATION BY GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.
    (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 2 years after the end of the 5th 
fiscal year for which funds are appropriated to carry out the Incentive 
Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of 2002, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an evaluation of 
a sample of subgrantees selected by the Comptroller General in 
accordance with subsection (b)) that received funds under section 
504(e) of such Act and shall submit a report of such evaluation to the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the United States Senate and the 
Committee on Education and the Workforce of the United States House of 
Representatives.
    (b) Considerations for Evaluation.--For purposes of subsection (a), 
the Comptroller General shall--
        (1) ensure that the sample to be evaluated is made up of 
    subgrantees in States that are diverse geographically and 
    economically; and
        (2) include in such sample subgrantees that proposed different 
    delinquency prevention programs.
    (c) Recommendations and Findings.--In conducting the evaluation 
required by subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall take into 
consideration whether--
        (1) the delinquency prevention programs for which subgrantees 
    received funds under section 504(e) of Incentive Grants for Local 
    Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of 2002 achieved the outcomes 
    and results anticipated by the particular State involved;
        (2) in the case of outcomes and results of delinquency 
    prevention programs defined by the State or a local entity, 
    unanticipated improved outcomes or results for juveniles occurred;
        (3) the number of subgrantees that continue after the 
    expenditure of such funds to provide such delinquency prevention 
    programs;
        (4) such delinquency prevention programs replaced existing or 
    planned programs or activities in the State; and
        (5) the evidence-base information used to justify such 
    delinquency prevention programs was used with fidelity by local 
    entities in accordance with the approach used to find the evidence;
    SEC. 307. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.
    Title V of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 
1974 as enacted by Public Law 93-415 (88 Stat. 1133) (relating to 
miscellaneous and conforming amendments) is repealed.

                   TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

    SEC. 401. EVALUATION BY GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.
    (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation regarding 
    the performance of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
    Prevention (referred to in this section as ``the agency''), its 
    functions, its programs, and its grants;
        (2) conduct a comprehensive audit and evaluation of a selected, 
    sample of grantees (as determined by the Comptroller General) that 
    receive Federal funds under grant programs administered by the 
    agency including a review of internal controls (as defined in 
    section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
    of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11103), as amended by this Act) to prevent 
    fraud, waste, and abuse of funds by grantees; and
        (3) submit a report in accordance with subsection (d).
    (b) Considerations for Evaluation.--In conducting the analysis and 
evaluation under subsection (a)(1), and in order to document the 
efficiency and public benefit of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11101 et seq.), the Comptroller 
General shall take into consideration--
        (1) the outcome and results of the programs carried out by the 
    agency and those programs administered through grants by the 
    agency;
        (2) the extent to which the agency has complied with the 
    Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-62; 
    107 Stat. 285);
        (3) the extent to which the jurisdiction of, and the programs 
    administered by, the agency duplicate or conflict with the 
    jurisdiction and programs of other agencies;
        (4) the potential benefits of consolidating programs 
    administered by the agency with similar or duplicative programs of 
    other agencies, and the potential for consolidating those programs;
        (5) whether less restrictive or alternative methods exist to 
    carry out the functions of the agency and whether current functions 
    or operations are impeded or enhanced by existing statutes, rules, 
    and procedures;
        (6) the number and types of beneficiaries or persons served by 
    programs carried out by the agency;
        (7) the manner with which the agency seeks public input and 
    input from State and local governments on the performance of the 
    functions of the agency;
        (8) the extent to which the agency complies with section 552 of 
    title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of 
    Information Act);
        (9) whether greater oversight is needed of programs developed 
    with grants made by the agency; and
        (10) the extent to which changes are necessary in the 
    authorizing statutes of the agency in order for the functions of 
    the agency to be performed in a more efficient and effective 
    manner.
    (c) Considerations for Audits.--In conducting the audit and 
evaluation under subsection (a)(2), and in order to document the 
efficiency and public benefit of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11101 et seq.), the Comptroller 
General shall take into consideration--
        (1) whether grantees timely file Financial Status Reports;
        (2) whether grantees have sufficient internal controls to 
    ensure adequate oversight of grant fund received;
        (3) whether disbursements were accompanied with adequate 
    supporting documentation (including invoices and receipts);
        (4) whether expenditures were authorized;
        (5) whether subrecipients of grant funds were complying with 
    program requirements;
        (6) whether salaries and fringe benefits of personnel were 
    adequately supported by documentation;
        (7) whether contracts were bid in accordance with program 
    guidelines; and
        (8) whether grant funds were spent in accordance with program 
    goals and guidelines.
    (d) Report.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall--
            (A) submit a report regarding the evaluation conducted 
        under subsection (a) and audit under subsection (b), to the 
        Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro 
        tempore of the Senate; and
            (B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) available 
        to the public.
        (2) Contents.--The report submitted in accordance with 
    paragraph (1) shall include all audit findings determined by the 
    selected, statistically significant sample of grantees as required 
    by subsection (a)(2) and shall include the name and location of any 
    selected grantee as well as any findings required by subsection 
    (a)(2).
    SEC. 402. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; ACCOUNTABILITY AND 
      OVERSIGHT.
    (a) In General.--The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 
Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

    ``TITLE VI--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; ACCOUNTABILITY AND 
                               OVERSIGHT

    ``SEC. 601. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act, 
except for titles III and IV, $176,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2019 through 2023, of which not more than $96,053,401 shall be used to 
carry out title V for each such fiscal year.
    ``SEC. 602. ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT.
    ``(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, in 
order to ensure that at-risk youth, and youth who come into contact 
with the juvenile justice system or the criminal justice system, are 
treated fairly and that the outcome of that contact is beneficial to 
the Nation--
        ``(1) the Department of Justice, through its Office of Juvenile 
    Justice and Delinquency Prevention, must restore meaningful 
    enforcement of the core requirements in title II; and
        ``(2) States, which are entrusted with a fiscal stewardship 
    role if they accept funds under title II must exercise vigilant 
    oversight to ensure full compliance with the core requirements for 
    juveniles provided for in title II.
    ``(b) Accountability.--
        ``(1) Agency program review.--
            ``(A) Programmatic and financial assessment.--
                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
            date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 
            2018, the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and 
            Management of the Office of Justice Programs at the 
            Department of Justice (referred to in this section as the 
            `Director') shall--

                    ``(I) conduct a comprehensive analysis and 
                evaluation of the internal controls of the Office of 
                Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (referred 
                to in this section as the `agency') to determine if 
                States and Indian Tribes receiving grants are following 
                the requirements of the agency grant programs and what 
                remedial action the agency has taken to recover any 
                grant funds that are expended in violation of grant 
                programs, including instances where--

                        ``(aa) supporting documentation was not 
                    provided for cost reports;
                        ``(bb) unauthorized expenditures occurred; and
                        ``(cc) subrecipients of grant funds were not in 
                    compliance with program requirements;

                    ``(II) conduct a comprehensive audit and evaluation 
                of a selected statistically significant sample of 
                States and Indian Tribes (as determined by the 
                Director) that have received Federal funds under title 
                II, including a review of internal controls to prevent 
                fraud, waste, and abuse of funds by grantees; and
                    ``(III) submit a report in accordance with clause 
                (iv).

                ``(ii) Considerations for evaluations.--In conducting 
            the analysis and evaluation under clause (i)(I), and in 
            order to document the efficiency and public benefit of 
            titles II and V, the Director shall take into consideration 
            the extent to which--

                    ``(I) greater oversight is needed of programs 
                developed with grants made by the agency;
                    ``(II) changes are necessary in the authorizing 
                statutes of the agency in order that the functions of 
                the agency can be performed in a more efficient and 
                effective manner; and
                    ``(III) the agency has implemented recommendations 
                issued by the Comptroller General or Office of 
                Inspector General relating to the grant making and 
                grant monitoring responsibilities of the agency.

                ``(iii) Considerations for audits.--In conducting the 
            audit and evaluation under clause (i)(II), and in order to 
            document the efficiency and public benefit of titles II and 
            V, the Director shall take into consideration--

                    ``(I) whether grantees timely file Financial Status 
                Reports;
                    ``(II) whether grantees have sufficient internal 
                controls to ensure adequate oversight of grant funds 
                received;
                    ``(III) whether grantees' assertions of compliance 
                with the core requirements were accompanied with 
                adequate supporting documentation;
                    ``(IV) whether expenditures were authorized;
                    ``(V) whether subrecipients of grant funds were 
                complying with program requirements; and
                    ``(VI) whether grant funds were spent in accordance 
                with the program goals and guidelines.

                ``(iv) Report.--The Director shall--

                    ``(I) submit to the Congress a report outlining the 
                results of the analysis, evaluation, and audit 
                conducted under clause (i), including supporting 
                materials, to the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives and the President pro tempore of the 
                Senate; and
                    ``(II) shall make such report available to the 
                public online, not later than 1 year after the date of 
                enactment of this section.

            ``(B) Analysis of internal controls.--
                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the 
            date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 
            2018, the Administrator shall initiate a comprehensive 
            analysis and evaluation of the internal controls of the 
            agency to determine whether, and to what extent, States and 
            Indian Tribes that receive grants under titles II and V are 
            following the requirements of the grant programs authorized 
            under titles II and V.
                ``(ii) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
            of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018, 
            the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report 
            containing--

                    ``(I) the findings of the analysis and evaluation 
                conducted under clause (i);
                    ``(II) a description of remedial actions, if any, 
                that will be taken by the Administrator to enhance the 
                internal controls of the agency and recoup funds that 
                may have been expended in violation of law, 
                regulations, or program requirements issued under 
                titles II and V; and
                    ``(III) a description of--

                        ``(aa) the analysis conducted under clause (i);
                        ``(bb) whether the funds awarded under titles 
                    II and V have been used in accordance with law, 
                    regulations, program guidance, and applicable 
                    plans; and
                        ``(cc) the extent to which funds awarded to 
                    States and Indian Tribes under titles II and V 
                    enhanced the ability of grantees to fulfill the 
                    core requirements.
            ``(C) Report by the attorney general.--Not later than 180 
        days after the date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform 
        Act of 2018, the Attorney General shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of the Congress a report on the 
        estimated amount of formula grant funds disbursed by the agency 
        since fiscal year 2010 that did not meet the requirements for 
        awards of formula grants to States under title II.
        ``(2) Office of inspector general performance audits.--
            ``(A) In general.--In order to ensure the effective and 
        appropriate use of grants administered under this Act 
        (excluding title IV) and to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of 
        funds by grantees, the Inspector General of the Department of 
        Justice shall annually conduct audits of grantees that receive 
        funds under this Act.
            ``(B) Assessment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018 and 
        annually thereafter, the Inspector General shall conduct a risk 
        assessment to determine the appropriate number of grantees to 
        be audited under subparagraph (A) in the year involved.
            ``(C) Public availability on website.--The Attorney General 
        shall make the summary of each review conducted under this 
        section available on the website of the Department of Justice, 
        subject to redaction as the Attorney General determines 
        necessary to protect classified and other sensitive 
        information.
            ``(D) Mandatory exclusion.--A recipient of grant funds 
        under this Act (excluding title IV) that is found to have an 
        unresolved audit finding shall not be eligible to receive grant 
        funds under this Act (excluding title IV) during the first 2 
        fiscal years beginning after the 12-month period beginning on 
        the date on which the audit report is issued.
            ``(E) Priority.--In awarding grants under this Act 
        (excluding title IV), the Administrator shall give priority to 
        a State or Indian Tribe that did not have an unresolved audit 
        finding during the 3 fiscal years prior to the date on which 
        the State or Indian Tribe submits an application for a grant 
        under this Act.
            ``(F) Reimbursement.--If a State or an Indian Tribe is 
        awarded a grant under this Act (excluding title IV) during the 
        2-fiscal-year period in which the recipient is barred from 
        receiving grants under subparagraph (D), the Attorney General 
        shall--
                ``(i) deposit an amount equal to the amount of the 
            grant funds that were improperly awarded to the grantee 
            into the general fund of the Treasury; and
                ``(ii) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the 
            general fund under clause (i) from the grantee that was 
            erroneously awarded grant funds.
            ``(G) Definition.--In this paragraph, the term `unresolved 
        audit finding' means a finding in the final audit report of the 
        Inspector General--
                ``(i) that the audited State or Indian Tribe has used 
            grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise 
            unallowable cost; and
                ``(ii) that is not closed or resolved during the 12-
            month period beginning on the date on which the final audit 
            report is issued.
        ``(3) Nonprofit organization requirements.--
            ``(A) Definition.--For purposes of this paragraph and the 
        grant programs described in this Act (excluding title IV), the 
        term `nonprofit organization' means an organization that is 
        described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
        1986 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such 
        Code.
            ``(B) Prohibition.--The Administrator may not award a grant 
        under any grant program described in this Act (excluding title 
        IV) to a nonprofit organization that holds money in offshore 
        accounts for the purpose of avoiding paying the tax described 
        in section 511(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
            ``(C) Disclosure.--
                ``(i) In general.--Each nonprofit organization that is 
            awarded a grant under a grant program described in this Act 
            (excluding title IV) and uses the procedures prescribed in 
            regulations to create a rebuttable presumption of 
            reasonableness for the compensation of its officers, 
            directors, trustees, and key employees, shall disclose to 
            the Administrator, in the application for the grant, the 
            process for determining such compensation, including--

                    ``(I) the independent persons involved in reviewing 
                and approving such compensation;
                    ``(II) the comparability data used; and
                    ``(III) contemporaneous substantiation of the 
                deliberation and decision.

                ``(ii) Public inspection upon request.--Upon request, 
            the Administrator shall make the information disclosed 
            under clause (i) available for public inspection.
        ``(4) Conference expenditures.--
            ``(A) Limitation.--No amounts authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Department of Justice under this Act may be used by the 
        Attorney General, or by any individual or organization awarded 
        discretionary funds through a cooperative agreement under this 
        Act, to host or support any expenditure for conferences that 
        uses more than $20,000 in funds made available to the 
        Department of Justice, unless the Deputy Attorney General or 
        such Assistant Attorney Generals, Directors, or principal 
        deputies as the Deputy Attorney General may designate, provides 
        prior written authorization that the funds may be expended to 
        host a conference.
            ``(B) Written approval.--Written approval under 
        subparagraph (A) shall include a written estimate of all costs 
        associated with the conference, including the cost of all food 
        and beverages, audiovisual equipment, honoraria for speakers, 
        and entertainment.
            ``(C) Report.--The Deputy Attorney General shall submit an 
        annual report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House 
        of Representatives on all conference expenditures approved 
        under this paragraph.
        ``(5) Prohibition on lobbying activity.--
            ``(A) In general.--Amounts authorized to be appropriated 
        under this Act may not be utilized by any recipient of a grant 
        made using such amounts--
                ``(i) to lobby any representative of the Department of 
            Justice regarding the award of grant funding; or
                ``(ii) to lobby any representative of a Federal, State, 
            local, or tribal government regarding the award of grant 
            funding.
            ``(B) Penalty.--If the Attorney General determines that any 
        recipient of a grant made using amounts authorized to be 
        appropriated under this Act has violated subparagraph (A), the 
        Attorney General shall--
                ``(i) require the recipient to repay the grant in full; 
            and
                ``(ii) prohibit the recipient to receive another grant 
            under this Act for not less than 5 years.
            ``(C) Clarification.--For purposes of this paragraph, 
        submitting an application for a grant under this Act shall not 
        be considered lobbying activity in violation of subparagraph 
        (A).
        ``(6) Annual certification.--Beginning in the 1st fiscal year 
    that begins after the effective date of this section, the Attorney 
    General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary and the 
    Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on 
    Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Appropriations of 
    the House of Representatives, an annual certification that--
            ``(A) all audits issued by the Inspector General of the 
        Department of Justice under paragraph (2) have been completed 
        and reviewed by the appropriate Assistant Attorney General or 
        Director;
            ``(B) all mandatory exclusions required under paragraph 
        (2)(D) have been issued;
            ``(C) all reimbursements required under paragraph (2)(F)(i) 
        have been made; and
            ``(D) includes a list of any grant recipients excluded 
        under paragraph (2) during the then preceding fiscal year.
    ``(c) Preventing Duplicative Grants.--
        ``(1) In general.--Before the Attorney General awards a grant 
    to an applicant under this Act, the Attorney General shall compare 
    potential grant awards with other grants awarded under this Act to 
    determine if duplicate grant awards are awarded for the same 
    purpose.
        ``(2) Report.--If the Attorney General awards duplicate grants 
    to the same applicant for the same purpose the Attorney General 
    shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and 
    the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 
    Representatives a report that includes--
            ``(A) a list of all duplicate grants awarded, including the 
        total dollar amount of any duplicate grants awarded; and
            ``(B) the reason the Attorney General awarded the 
        duplicative grant.
    ``(d) Compliance With Auditing Standards.--The Administrator shall 
comply with the Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards, 
published by the General Accountability Office (commonly known as the 
`Yellow Book'), in the conduct of fiscal, compliance, and programmatic 
audits of States.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 388(a) of the 
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 11280(a)) is 
amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) by striking ``section 345 and''; and
            (B) by striking ``$140,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, and 
        such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2010, 2011, 
        2012, and 2013'' and inserting ``$127,421,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2020'';
        (2) in paragraph (3), by striking subparagraph (B) and 
    inserting the following:
            ``(B) Periodic estimate.--Of the amount authorized to be 
        appropriated under paragraph (1), such sums as may be necessary 
        shall be made available to carry out section 345 for each of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2020.''; and
        (3) in paragraph (4), by striking ``fiscal year 2009 and such 
    sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2010, 2011, 2012, and 
    2013'' and inserting ``each of fiscal years 2019 through 2020''.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The Juvenile Justice and 
Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11101 et seq.) is amended 
by striking--
        (1) section 299 (34 U.S.C. 11171); and
        (2) section 505.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.