115 HR 5503 IH: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2018
U.S. House of Representatives
2018-04-13
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2018
. (b)The table of contents for this Act is the following:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Title I—Authorization of Appropriations
Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2018.
Sec. 102. Fiscal year 2019.
Title II—Human Exploration
Sec. 201. Space facilities beyond low-Earth orbit.
Sec. 202. ISS transition.
Sec. 203. Human spaceflight research.
Sec. 204. Critical path redundancy for human spaceflight.
Sec. 205. Space suits.
Title III—Science
Subtitle A—Earth Science
Sec. 301. Reimbursable basis for development of sensors and instruments.
Sec. 302. Earth observations study.
Sec. 303. Land imaging.
Sec. 304. Landsat data policy.
Sec. 305. Earth science missions.
Sec. 306. Goddard Institute for Space Studies Inspector General report.
Subtitle B—Astronomy and Astrophysics
Sec. 311. Search for the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
Sec. 312. Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope.
Subtitle C—Planetary Science
Sec. 321. Near-Earth Object Survey.
Sec. 322. Space nuclear power.
Title IV—Aeronautics
Sec. 401. Supersonic research.
Sec. 402. Unmanned aircraft systems research.
Sec. 403. 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative.
Sec. 404. Experimental plane program.
Sec. 405. Hypersonic Technology project.
Title V—Commercial
Sec. 501. Commercial supply of space products.
Sec. 502. Commercial provision of services.
Sec. 503. Commercial in-space infrastructure.
Sec. 504. Preference for launch vehicles manufactured in the United States.
Sec. 505. Studies on industrial base.
Sec. 506. Spectrum coordination.
Sec. 507. Enhanced-use leasing.
Sec. 508. Satellite servicing technologies.
Title VI—Policy
Sec. 601. NASA-funded institutes.
Sec. 602. Baseline and cost controls.
Sec. 603. Reports to Congress.
Sec. 604. International technical and operational standards.
Sec. 605. NASA contractor responsibility watch list.
Sec. 606. Human space exploration risk.
2.In this Act: (1)The term Administrator means the Administrator of NASA.
(2)The term cis-lunar space means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon.
(3)The term ISS means the International Space Station. (4)The term NASA means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(5)The term near-Earth asteroid means an asteroid with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun. (6)The term near-Earth object means an asteroid or comet with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun.
(7)The term nonprofit organization
means an organization determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.
(8)The term Orion means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323).
(9)The term Space Launch System has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18302).
<enum>I</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header>
<section commented="no" id="H532F8CD7E8D84C4B889DC0BDDFA596C1"><enum>101.</enum><header>Fiscal year 2018</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for fiscal year 2018, $20,736,140,000, as follows:</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="HD15D66AFD40B4B6B9FA417768CB539D0"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Science, $6,221,500,000, of which—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="H5EAD64E5A20144A797F31E13511EBAD5"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,921,000,000 is for Earth Science;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H38EE46B4528944F6BC3F8A1739EDA231"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,227,900,000 is for Planetary Science;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HA5AD260F85AD4D6882B0BCAC39248407"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$850,400,000 is for Astrophysics;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H63BFE59DE408419E950DAAF90FD6CF93"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$533,700,000 is for the James Webb Space Telescope; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H935AD83FA80740CD8EC3B034311A0AD1"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$688,500,000 is for Heliophysics.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HC88A8D86BB594280B1B858D33DA6B516"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Aeronautics, $685,000,000.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H5EFF8ACBAAFE4DF7B2BE459A3D0579ED"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Space Technology, $760,000,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H1D16C16675FD4BE089B4B89C559A5C9A"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Exploration, $4,790,000,000, of which—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="H9F16310C27404A018F5C9070D80E7B7A"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,350,000,000 is for Orion and associated program and other necessary support;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HA0F7F25C2AA24A70B663D044F9C4C5AC"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,150,000,000 is for the Space Launch System and associated program and other necessary support;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H0474048C44554CDFA2D3C6CDE7FAB48F"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$895,000,000 is for Exploration Ground Systems; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HDE5F11EDBE6A461BB54B7E2E107E9D69"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$395,000,000 is for Exploration Research and Development.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE46C2D1D0E9D48949B289687C7201F9E"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Space Operations, $4,751,500,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H27147CE0ACB84DAFAB01FA28B6CC0425"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Education, $100,000,000, of which—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="H3A9DFE5B2F1C4883B65FE9A649B0E370"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$18,000,000 is for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8EAE9ABF26604A17B86BBA4BB844D14D"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$40,000,000 is for the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE8A20C997D064F008BD263BB7263E501"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, $2,826,900,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HCF2181BDBE2A4D9AA7B8CAA6D115BFE6"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $562,240,000.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H95C6D94F93D94309952374D576D7DF37"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Inspector General, $39,000,000.</text> </paragraph></section><section id="H6DE5F6CD6F2A46F78577FE9A4BADFE43"><enum>102.</enum><header>Fiscal year 2019</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for fiscal year 2019, $20,736,140,000, as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="HFE480ACC458D4FF993059ED2F05D2192"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Deep Space Exploration Systems, $4,929,000,000, of which—</text> <subparagraph id="H38C19E58E2424E38B10774AC26432890"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$4,040,000,000 is for Exploration Systems Development, of which—</text>
<clause id="H1933791BC5214CCD85AF3937913F0884"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,150,000,000 is for Orion and associated program and other necessary support;</text> </clause><clause id="H8CA823EA41BB41619CE1181E205A4326"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,350,000,000 is for the Space Launch System and associated program and other necessary support; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H66F984AC9DA5439FBD11E579C0112C6E"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$540,000,000 is for Exploration Ground Systems; and</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H18CF13C88AD84F789AC55FB64D2944E4"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$889,000,000 is for Advanced Exploration Systems, of which—</text>
<clause id="H04C88740044246DDB07A5EED57CD4B71"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$504,300,000 is for the Lunar Orbital Platform–Gateway and associated program and other necessary support;</text>
</clause><clause id="HF427B818A85643EA892A00B6C0F64804"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>$116,500,000 is for Advanced Cislunar and Surface Capabilities; and</text> </clause><clause id="HCE359C7BC8B441F3B325993DC436CD53"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>$268,200,000 is for Exploration Advanced Systems.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4D7AB235915E4B5F8BA0F42CBCD77C5A"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Exploration and Research Technology, $1,017,700,000, of which—</text> <subparagraph id="H4EA628DE182742E38D6ABAB675531CF7"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$108,500,000 is for Early Stage Innovation and Partnerships;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H35E5319EE02C4002B371324A8E15A625"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$216,500,000 if for Technology Maturation, of which $75,000,000 is for nuclear fission and cryogenic fluid management development;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8D38590E46F04C75A942386A99024E93"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$332,700,000 is for Technology Demonstration.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEB565B5F054242A8AC313B3B9F2731BB"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$140,000,000 is for Human Research Program; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H334377CEDD104708AA74D6BB081AAF47"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$205,000,000 is for Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HDF5AF5AF86DF42378BFF936FBCCBB6EC"><enum>(3)</enum><text>For Low-Earth Orbit and Spaceflight Operations, $4,624,600,000, of which—</text>
<subparagraph id="H0A0B0E500F8A40C39728E2D2441EEF97"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,462,200,000 is for the International Space Station;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEDF7ABF698474322A94FD6878911CC2F"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,108,700,000 is for Space Transportation;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H369C4E6E55DD47E296D0290391CBA30B"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$903,700,000 is for Space Flight Support; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H286A86978CB740D3B3A3DD01BD837C54"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$150,000,000 is for Commercial Low-Earth Orbit Development.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8C67398619AD4D98A7E5EE949BE86342"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Science, $6,152,600,000, of which—</text> <subparagraph id="H8337208A23A141EB823ECC5F791FBAC7"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,450,000,000 is for Earth Science;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1B2545DC995D47F69BACC5D97197C679"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$2,636,500,000 is for Planetary Science;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H83D18E026F564EEC88BAB0041A57D06B"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,375,400,000 is for Astrophysics; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF70C229748284F8CAAC9B327CF33FEA2"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$690,700,000 is for Heliophysics.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HAD93B5239FBB4BA2B6C08FF59479C093"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Aeronautics, $685,000,000.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC80E2FD2D1944C1290A56DA82AE53955"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Education, $100,000,000, of which—</text> <subparagraph id="H8AF6A40899EB4FAA8730680B1EC6D93F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$18,000,000 is for the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H027BEF405157476CB11EFDD39A952F02"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$40,000,000 is for Space Grant.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H6B9F3DA5297E44B88BA69A4D1DBCDE86"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, $2,749,700,000.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5C0B7DFE36BC4111BF69F8D8BC14B490"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $438,200,000.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H09BE257198B44E17905BD419038541BF"><enum>(9)</enum><text>For Inspector General, $39,300,000.</text>
</paragraph></section><enum>II</enum><header>Human Exploration</header>
<section id="H598F137E165D441FAB5669E63620B4ED"><enum>201.</enum><header>Space facilities beyond low-Earth orbit</header>
<subsection id="HF82F4315803F4C219AAF698D362CBE9E"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that space facilities for use beyond low-Earth orbit play a significant role in NASA’s long-term pursuit of its exploration goals under section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312(a)</external-xref>).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H9FCE9B35821244ACB06C7130631DE6E5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Crewed and crew-Tended space facilities report</header>
<paragraph id="H5E4707F5246440579B562547F8CBA58C"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the potential development of space facilities for use beyond low-Earth orbit.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H56A4C0861F094A28B6B8F42CFA726A99"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The report required under paragraph (1) shall include a description of—</text> <subparagraph id="H6760126CFB9440C98CF513D7B7F6BCD3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>how each such space facility can advance, enable, or complement human exploration of the Solar System, including of the atmosphere and the surface of celestial bodies;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9419A381744A4B35ABE4EDEB1AA5CC12"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the role of the space facility as a staging, logistics, and operations hub in an exploration architecture;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEFF345D9C42E4A0B9A1935059525E97C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>how the space facility could support the research, development, testing, validation, operation, and launch of space exploration systems and technologies;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB3F94EC1CB56464B8FC041E82AFDD499"><enum>(D)</enum><text>opportunities and strategies for commercial operation or public-private partnerships that protect taxpayer interests and foster competition; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H94618D47B5524C0488D9121440C7E52F"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the role of such a space facility in making, developing, and refining the case for further crewed and uncrewed exploration investments.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" id="H4C6BEDABAF1348069D8E246745D30F5D"><enum>202.</enum><header>ISS transition</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H5C9DC91FE4EA453EA76BE8142E7EFCF1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="H116CBFE4FDD04225ABDBAAC3768B0D16"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The ISS is a valuable national asset that can continue to produce worthwhile scientific research and valuable technology.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD768B02F566242A1858CC243B458A7CD"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The ISS mission should be to carry out microgravity research and development, research in support of deep space human exploration, and low-Earth orbit commercialization.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE2866D4C42D541D991D308F0E5D20ADE"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The ISS is the best platform currently available to conduct certain types of research needed for NASA’s deep space human exploration program with such research currently scheduled to be completed by the end of fiscal year 2024.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H4DCEF22BE0944166A1FFC7A7BBE42469"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The ISS transition report, submitted pursuant to section 50111(c)(2) of title 51, United States Code, provides an explanation of NASA’s plans to foster the development of private industry capabilities and private demand with a goal of ending direct NASA support for ISS operations by the end of fiscal year 2024.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H3266D5CBDD2443779269985BEEACE838"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The plans laid out in the ISS transition report are conditionally flexible and require feedback to inform next steps. In addition, the feasibility of ending direct NASA support for ISS operations by the end of fiscal year 2024 is dependent on many factors, some of which are indeterminate until the Administration carries out the initial phases of the ISS transition plan.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0001D1D4AEF94147BAA74457904F28AD"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The value of any in-space facility, such as the ISS, depends both on its contributions to further expansion of human presence throughout the solar system, pursuant to section 202 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312</external-xref>) and to making existing presence self-sustaining.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H064AA77A3A23452CB7260F5623D37293"><enum>(7)</enum><text>As the United States moves towards a commitment to a human presence off the surface of the Earth, other Government agencies should seek to benefit from and capitalize upon the ongoing human presence in space.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1F47C6D426604E03B335DFB7379E2149"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administration shall support Johnson Space Center as a center of innovation and leadership in developing human operations, including surfaces of celestial bodies, beyond Earth, to the cis-lunar region, the Moon, Mars, and beyond.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H7EED296031194E3F95ED94176E00F9F3"><enum>(c)</enum><header>ISS operation</header>
<paragraph id="HFD52C6D3CC5647EBBB0194348FE20576"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>NASA shall continue operation of the International Space Station for such time as Congress authorizes its operations.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H55A2CF71782348BEB55F28C5D78A2320"><enum>(2)</enum><header>International agreements</header><text>NASA shall pursue international agreements to provide maximum flexibility for ISS utilization.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HE8C7407CB4F2430FA8B7075C65424F0A"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Low-Earth Orbit</header><text>NASA shall pursue a step-wise transition of low-Earth orbit human spaceflight operations from a Government-directed activity to a model where private industry is responsible for how to meet and execute NASA’s requirements.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H541B3824083C4081A4F04B9D8068921E"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Transition report</header><text>NASA shall carry out activities in fiscal year 2019 as proposed in the ISS transition report, delivered pursuant to section 50111(c) of title 51, United States Code.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF35F07BF0E2B4B178B5AB97DBBC26CC5"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Reporting</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In addition to the biennial reporting requirement under section 50111(c) of title 51, United States Code, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate quarterly, beginning on the date that is 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, on the status of, and all progress, changes, and other developments related to carrying out the plans in the ISS transition report.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H0723CBAEEE9A47A6B646E572C91DAD24"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorized Funding</header><text>Subject to the availability of appropriations, shall make available at least $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2019 for commercial low-Earth orbit development out of the LEO and Spaceflight Operations account.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HC543CE90D90648E3B55A48A12C0C4560"><enum>203.</enum><header>Human spaceflight research</header>
<subsection id="H5930822A73AB487AA26EE83AC43E59C2"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph id="H4843AE2A40434AD4B5D383D0E6C7BEEB"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the benefits derived from the peaceful use of space depend on the extent to which ground-based space infrastructure, facilities, and research are well-integrated; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H85504A8A6F6D4ADCA03AD19C2164A3ED"><enum>(2)</enum><text>NASA Johnson Space Center (hereinafter referred to as <quote>JSC</quote>) has the expertise and facilities to support the development of the major technological innovations necessary to enable and support the nation’s ongoing commitment to human spaceflight, exploration, and continued human presence in space.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HCA6E2FB1FBCB4A86959B96B3583C5E6A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Johnson Space Center research office</header>
<paragraph id="HCD5733A816F54EFC91906B0AF216DEDA"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Establishment</header><text>The Administrator shall establish a research office at JSC to build upon the Center’s existing expertise in human space flight missions for future challenges.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HDCF75A62BB91479F9F17C8E9ED4B7147"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Research director</header><text>The head of the research office shall be the research director, who shall report directly to the Director of JSC.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H94363A0103DE4163991E06088C813D38"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Duties</header><text>The research director shall have, at a minimum, the following duties:</text> <subparagraph id="HBD7081171365455B8A85359FF34820D5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Oversee a research portfolio focused on human space flight.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1751BBA896234CE195F07DAA5D266A0D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>Recommend infrastructure and equipment necessary to carry out a research mission.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCD576F13641243DA91C7495F8C42C61D"><enum>(C)</enum><text>Oversee professional development and continuing education, as necessary and appropriate, for the civil workforce as the research and innovation focus of the center increases.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H9A589B4D5C744F3490CECA5A39F69621"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Scope of research</header><text>The research office shall focus on aspects of research that are directly relevant to the endeavor of human space flight, including problems of human spaceflight and robotics supporting human space exploration.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6F7D89401BEE42AE8ECC1C561A8A60BB"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Support for human spaceflight activities</header><text>JSC shall, consistent with its primary responsibilities to NASA and other government customers, endeavor to make the fullest possible use of its facilities and infrastructure to support all U.S. human spaceflight activities, including those of the private sector.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H87859E2C4B8F4288ACB0846B64775800"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this Act, NASA and JSC shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on NASA’s progress on, and other developments related to, carrying out the requirements of this section.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H76704DB9867A4F4C9BE0EFB05147EDA7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Authorized Funding</header><text>Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall make available at least $15,000,000 in fiscal year 2019 out of the Exploration Research and Technology account to carry out this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section commented="no" id="HF7781BEDE9B245A7B19C32114A371A86"><enum>204.</enum><header>Critical path redundancy for human spaceflight</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H6482460DC438484D8EED8DC8C7C348D3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that NASA, in cooperation with private sector and international partners, has facilitated the development of a wide array of cargo and crew transportation options for operations in low-Earth orbit and beyond.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H64124D09C1614981B2CE1BAFB86659CE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text>It is the sense of Congress that the availability of a multitude of launch vehicles and crew and cargo vehicles provides critical path redundancy.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HD4D5F16696E64C14A3EC207B00A6D5E7"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Logistical and transport redundancy</header><text>Not later than 3 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report that contains an evaluation of the suitability and performance, including cost, reliability, and availability, of—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H8E1FD7FA6239417D97E1D56B946BDD92"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">all available crew and cargo vehicles for destinations in low-Earth orbit, cis-lunar space, and beyond; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H6E3F7F5790CC413F8BBC1DF89D811FE5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>all available launch vehicles that are capable of delivering more than 20 tons to, or beyond, low-Earth orbit to support exploration and scientific missions, particularly to outer planets.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H237B3ECA9E6C4FB8A6E927F3981C5A3A"><enum>205.</enum><header>Space suits</header>
<subsection id="H68B8DDB2A12F493CB0BB8441EA586655"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph id="HD04B23C841EB4573BDC187B92C3DC713"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Space suits and associated extravehicular activity (in this section, referred to as <quote>EVA</quote>) technologies are critical space exploration technologies.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFACE16464B534295BBFFF2AA092A70AD"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The NASA civil service workforce at the Johnson Space Center possesses unique capabilities to integrate, design, and validate space suits and associated EVA technologies.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4A4EDBECBB0645ECB9E6D2F988771747"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Maintaining a strong core competency in the design, development, manufacture, and operation of space suits and related technologies allows NASA to be an informed purchaser of competitively awarded commercial space suits and associated EVA technologies.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCD2B19F4969A4B30A3B0023D9294CEBF"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA should fully utilize the International Space Station by 2025 to test future space suits and associated EVA technologies to reduce risk and improve safety.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H840B371E2DC04327B851D6FDA14E34BF"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Space suits</header>
<paragraph id="H58D620F02C8441E38B62408841CB91A5"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA shall develop space suits and associated EVA technologies.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H7C77C9E367F64BFC9EFD8B2E4DC272CA"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Management</header><text>The Johnson Space Center shall manage the space suit and EVA programs of NASA.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB7E7E7E0F9EC4FAB9941BD6F10F049D3"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Private sector</header><text>In carrying out this subsection, the Administrator may enter into agreements with the private sector as the Administrator considers appropriate.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Science</header>
<subtitle id="HA240B4D2F3E14F2CA9300CC3E1012285"><enum>A</enum><header>Earth Science</header>
<section id="H7261662E9A284A7EA19D60D802761EBE"><enum>301.</enum><header>Reimbursable basis for development of sensors and instruments</header>
<text display-inline="no-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/605">Chapter 605</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HA3523C34493C4EF1BA688CF126C6309B" style="USC"> <section commented="no" id="H593BECFBE8BF4F91B72415696346A439"><enum>60507.</enum><header>Reimbursable basis for development of sensors and instruments</header> <text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any work undertaken by the Administration for the benefit of another agency shall be conducted on a reimbursable basis that accounts for the full cost of the work, including work undertaken for the development of operational Earth science systems, including satellite, sensor, or instrument development, acquisition, and operations, as well as product development and data analysis.</text></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H7C9794B5C1A74244A3B7092F1A7B9803"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Technical amendment</header><text>The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/605">chapter 605</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H391AE91E79F04D2181F11712ACF75B33" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">60507. Reimbursable basis for development of sensors and instruments.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></section><section commented="no" id="HA450B3CB78E842B2B2915B23C36FA065"><enum>302.</enum><header>Earth observations study</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 702 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18371">42 U.S.C. 18371</external-xref>) is amended—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H8FDFA8C129364A20AA09ADBFD26B3ACA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by striking <quote>The Director of</quote> and inserting the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H6FA7252172874948A0605135685E6CFB" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" id="H400BF2DD37284BB6AD12FE3EE23D0025"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director of</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and </after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD48622402EAB433CBDCFEEF1B9D867CE"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H4BD7F20A5AF7477196156AFD626789E8" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" id="H03C4699476EF4B28A78ABB46CEFB0F90"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Consideration</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the strategic implementation plan under subsection (a), the Director shall take into account and incorporate into such plan, as appropriate, purchasing Earth observation data and services from the private sector or through public-private partnerships to meet Earth observation requirements.</text></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></section><section commented="no" id="HFFF0C284D930433B9F33BDD3CC0BE823"><enum>303.</enum><header>Land imaging</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H3C9299FBEE5241009046DCE3C373E5A2"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="H022A2A630E9A4F10A4556AD35A335489"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the continuous collection and utilization of land remote sensing data from space are of major benefit in studying and understanding human impacts on the global environment, in managing the Earth’s natural resources, in carrying out national security functions, and in planning and conducting many other activities of scientific, economic, and social importance; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H97E5040C23ED4ECB846EFADB5FECC456"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to the greatest extent practicable, the United States should foster the development of U.S. private sector remote sensing capabilities and analyses that can satisfy the public interest in long-term continuous collection of medium-resolution land remote sensing data.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD716E9A0AE114DFBB4143B7D5091F454"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Continuous land remote sensing data collection</header>
<paragraph id="H53A7CCE83F5744B08160E87EFE2CD6EE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subchapter IV of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/601">chapter 601</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H3C3D3DE6D848411297EAA016B0C4CF0E" style="USC">
<section id="H7EEC02DD830146BD8E503FF02ADC45FD"><enum>60135.</enum><header>Continuous land remote sensing data collection</header>
<subsection id="H3653A3AC691541FB9FC3B2DFD8366717"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States to—</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="H4D96EBFA57024AE1A3A6808C9A0A6E23"><enum>(1)</enum><text>ensure, to the greatest extent practicable, the continuous collection of space-based, medium-resolution observations of the Earth’s land cover;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H50EEA342FB5D4160B435364BD05476BC"><enum>(2)</enum><text>ensure that the collected data are made available in such ways as to facilitate the widest possible use; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HACD5D0E904E14E518509047385FD306E"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to the greatest extent practicable, foster the development of U.S. private sector remote sensing capabilities and analyses that can satisfy the public interest in long-term continuous collection of medium-resolution land remote sensing data.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF4085DB2386945B0949AF6C2DA15F7C5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Coordination</header><text>The National Space Council, in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, shall coordinate United States Government activities described under paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a).</text>
</subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF916EDAAD04845ADB646349696C13BDB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections for subchapter IV of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/601">chapter 601</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HBB160FEB3B0A4C248E4ACDC244609DEA" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">60135. Continuous land remote sensing data collection.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H508090D75AA54F80B3698F040AE6A6EB"><enum>304.</enum><header>Landsat data policy</header>
<subsection id="H6F5EC2E3E11F4C2EB3F922A1920EE482"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header>
<paragraph id="H19B7A04E73984B42AE4A4FA841991113"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Limitation on use of funds</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">No funds may be obligated or expended for Landsat 11 or any other subsequent Landsat system until the Administrator has completed a study assessing which aspects of Landsat system observations and associated science requirements can be provided by purchasing data from the private sector or through public-private partnerships.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD6C9643AEE8A426B9F1B9732689D9BE7"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a report containing the results of the study required under paragraph (1).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HFDAD46C2C66A42768371B7206CAAC06D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Definition of Landsat system</header><text>In this section, the term <term>Landsat system</term> has the meaning given that term in section 60101 of title 51, United States Code.</text> </subsection></section><section id="H58507582803243DCAF597016A719BCEA"><enum>305.</enum><header>Earth science missions</header> <text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administrator shall continue to restructure the Earth science portfolio of NASA to reduce overall costs, support innovative and sustainable programs and missions with commercial and international partners, and align with the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences included in the publication published in 2018 titled <quote>Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space</quote> to ensure that the Earth science portfolio is focused on the highest priority missions for the science and applications communities within a balanced, comprehensive Earth science program.</text>
</section><section id="H90447342DCA64FA69C1AB3F2AF8B8D08"><enum>306.</enum><header>Goddard Institute for Space Studies Inspector General report</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a report containing the results of NASA’s implementation of the recommendations identified in the report published by the NASA Office of Inspector General on April 5, 2018, titled <quote>NASA’s Management GISS: The Goddard Institute for Space Studies</quote>.</text>
</section></subtitle><subtitle id="H1FC82CD741364841A28029CAF810C416"><enum>B</enum><header>Astronomy and Astrophysics</header>
<section commented="no" id="H8EA5EC9EE2FE428993ABA45B9AEBA495" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>311.</enum><header>Search for the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H36577BDB116844EA99E936DF5701E3A1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Policy</header><text>Section 20102(d)(10) of title 51, United States Code, includes the search for life's origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe as an objective of U.S. aeronautical and space activities.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H1E6A602E6A9C4F12B211F122BC1BAD08"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA shall partner with the private sector and philanthropic organizations to the maximum extent practicable to search for technosignatures, such as radio transmissions, in order to meet the NASA objective to search for life's origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H65961A05D9B04E7599027DCD00B4FE7E"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report, produced in consultation with industry and academia, on all NASA programs, including partnerships with the private sector and philanthropic organizations, that contribute to the search for life’s origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H1A193E040C3C414996948952B65260BC"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Authorized funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall make available at least $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 and 2019 for the search for technosignatures.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H5AA91266D05D47FA8C94F142E702145A"><enum>312.</enum><header>Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope</header>
<subsection id="H181842B9699D4BC2AEE18D1CEE6BB606"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph id="H3B55BD71FDCA49ABA063ED66EEF1C003"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Concurrent flagship programs challenge significantly NASA’s program management capacity, especially during later stages of the program management process.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF01AA0C54D2848FA9AC0BEFF61BCC731"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope (hereinafter referred to as <quote>WFIRST</quote>) was cancelled in the President’s fiscal year 2019 budget request.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HFDA773EDAF204278930690004B66F9DC"><enum>(3)</enum><text>WFIRST was funded in the amount of $150,000,000 in NASA’s appropriation for fiscal year 2018.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H3588E568DC144CC39224C7FED7300655"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Pursuant to direction in NASA’s appropriation for fiscal year 2018, NASA is conducting a preliminary life-cycle cost estimate, including any additions needed to achieve Class A classification, along with a year-by-year breakout of development costs.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA68EEFAF02014516A0AA6152A5263CB0"><enum>(5)</enum><text>Until such preliminary life-cycle cost estimate is complete, Congress has insufficient information to judge whether or not WFIRST should be authorized to proceed in fiscal year 2019.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H59431139B8604F358B472EF2A4C6A474"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Total cost</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The total formulation and development cost, as such term is defined in section 30104 of title 51, United States Code, for the Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope shall not exceed $3,200,000,000.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H8CF259664D6743D9826280C2D35CE702"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Budget</header><text>The Administrator shall include in the budget for fiscal year 2020 a 5-year funding profile necessary to achieve the goal in subsection (b).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H43DA1F3E69724B24B6BA1C8BA94E5AD0"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall not procure a launch vehicle for the Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope until the James Webb Space Telescope is operational in space.</text>
</subsection></section></subtitle><subtitle id="H19FBD42A0E6C4C5FA6DE5C38AE1BCC1B"><enum>C</enum><header>Planetary Science</header>
<section commented="no" id="H376E6C65D6C74A1EB01C39694446CFBB"><enum>321.</enum><header>Near-Earth Object Survey</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H3C604A2E88C945E9AE5A7FA921ECF1E5"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="H4E3E346D68684CB3984A081273294638"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/109/155">Public Law 109–155</external-xref>) established the Near-Earth Object Survey program to detect, track, and catalogue the physical characteristics of near-Earth objects equal to or greater than 140 meters in diameter in order to assess the threat of such objects to Earth.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD81E789EEC89484688C81407FF153D2A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The goal of the Survey program is to achieve 90 percent completion of the near-Earth project catalogue (based on statistically predicted populations of near-Earth objects) not later than 15 years after the date of the enactment of the George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H2F6F99A5614D4BBB8950336019F6ADE4"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA has been successful finding more than 90 percent of the near-Earth asteroids larger than one kilometer but has only found about 30 percent of the near-Earth objects larger than 140 meters.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HEC994DC2C93E4FFBB7F54A06F886DF03"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The vast majority of near-Earth object discoveries have been made by NASA-supported ground-based telescopic surveys.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HD8C00EF0DA5D409288C6C354C263D77F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="H7DF49997C86742F19F7DF59ED505F7C3"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in order to meet the statutory requirements of the George E Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/109/155">Public Law 109–155</external-xref>), a space-based telescope mission should be fully funded and supported by NASA and carried out by the Planetary Defense Coordination Office; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HA17DF37CE90A4214830D42B130C5E042"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the space-based telescope Near-Earth Object Camera mission, or a similar infrared telescope concept optimized for near-Earth object search and characterization, could discover and characterize most of the potentially hazardous asteroids that are near the Earth.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H5B775D90CDD5496182AB1BDDA8ABCAD5"><enum>322.</enum><header>Space nuclear power</header>
<subsection id="H6F41F56C8D424906A60AFA0240555AB3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Finding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that in-space nuclear fission power complements the use of Plutonium-238 radioisotope thermoelectric generators (in this section referred to as <quote>RTG</quote>) for spacecraft power needs.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H2475315F0A704B51A0B71806B6A3B2ED"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Policy</header><text>It is the policy of the United States—</text> <paragraph id="H67E2BDF39A1345ECAF87E4749B048D93"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to continue the development of in-space nuclear fission technology, as necessary, for purposes including—</text>
<subparagraph id="HD8CA72259B9B4B99A7DCF413FDDCEFD2"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in-space power generation for advanced in-space propulsion;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE928FB189DC04DB4BDE0DF864752B41D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>onboard power generation to replace or supplement RTG systems;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA70163CE71AA40E8A41DDFFE61720111"><enum>(C)</enum><text>power generation on the surface of celestial bodies;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H41C3372E44F7472F93FC53035A387065"><enum>(D)</enum><text>extraction and processing of in situ resources; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H638C86E673554928BCFD4754EF95F863"><enum>(E)</enum><text>nuclear thermal and nuclear electric propulsion able to transport crew or cargo among Earth and other celestial bodies much more rapidly than is practical with non-nuclear systems;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H6F4C8330200549B080139CEFFC5EECCA"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">that research and development of in-space nuclear fission power should be carried out as part of a portfolio that appropriately balances development of power systems at different sizes and maturities, with an emphasis on early development of mature, operational systems; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE33E71ECFED24CAA9FFD13EF623DC810"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">that NASA should continually seek to streamline the process for space launch approval of nuclear materials, eliminate redundant and unneeded processes, and regularize the process for efficient, regular functioning, and toward that end, the Administrator should update the launch approval process and seek to establish a licensing process for private nuclear power sources in space.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H45E866AF52C24DA1BF376C95D6A1CE43"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Space nuclear power report</header>
<paragraph id="H63EB5038DD4E46B9A7CB8B7409ECC07F"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report, produced in consultation with industry and academia, on the use and role of nuclear fission power in space.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HAE5D32013FC145BEA4168B98A88318B0"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The report required under paragraph (1) shall include—</text> <subparagraph id="HA42D5E64C75844DC9766317FEDF0BD28"><enum>(A)</enum><text>an assessment of the prospects for in-space nuclear fission reactors, describing particular roles and missions for which nuclear power is uniquely well-suited;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC05B534DFB4649998F67DFA2283B243A"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a description of the convergence between NASA’s existing Plutonium-238 RTG programs and ongoing nuclear thermal propulsion and nuclear power generation development programs;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB2FC925EA9AB4A7A93B41A2C097E3CE0"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a detailed plan for encouraging convergence between NASA’s various nuclear power and propulsion efforts;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0613B3EADE424DA19065939FE4E9BE6C"><enum>(D)</enum><text>an identification of key infrastructure and facilities needed for the development of in-space nuclear fission power reactors;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9477365D67F84810B9EACCC009456ACC"><enum>(E)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an identification of particular legal issues, including regulatory challenges, that must be addressed for the use of nuclear fission power systems;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA1B2B7BBC3E845D7BC8244163A2FB029"><enum>(F)</enum><text>how small in-space nuclear fission reactors can complement or replace existing and planned radioisotope thermal generator capabilities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE70F4EBC93464E1889F92F93E6E54AFB"><enum>(G)</enum><text>information on very low cost, high reliability designs that can be made operational quickly.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HAB629D95CFBD44BB86A989748FF2977C"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Demonstration</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA should demonstrate a nuclear electric power reactor for use in space using existing authorized funding levels and within a schedule made possible by appropriated funding.</text>
</subsection></section></subtitle><enum>IV</enum><header>Aeronautics</header>
<section id="HC7DF75140A7E4EE384319D143B2C9665"><enum>401.</enum><header>Supersonic research</header>
<subsection id="HFEE7AB7B666149438F48492ABAC320DD"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States to reduce Government barriers to the development of civil supersonic transportation.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HBFDB0DF685574C009D4C1B155E3BD748"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Research</header><text>Section 40112(a) of title 51, United States Code, is amended—</text> <paragraph id="H67CA97D2619542FDB0E93AC6FD1AC15B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by striking <quote>The Administrator</quote> and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H8501764A18E64FA398278F8425BB81F3" style="USC">
<paragraph id="H92A97A4DF8374F2E93BD251916E85354"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph><paragraph id="H3D2E186A481B4AEFB7F4C0035E401CBE"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H7BB68B4A76BB4E3191CDB43385904151" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="H32B9D400696B42768A4463220AD45598"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall undertake research on supersonic transport to inform and accelerate the promulgation of domestic regulations and international standards and recommended practices that will open up the U.S. civil airspace to civil supersonic transport.</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" id="H2A1F4AFE0D6A4CC8A6A1B026A73B2B3D"><enum>402.</enum><header>Unmanned aircraft systems research</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H70E43517C8C945628914A2FFF6314909"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H3BC81502DC624C8DB73F68F124C23A04"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Title 51</header><text><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/315">Chapter 315</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H3BB37BE317C34AC9A964C2C5BD5FD64F" style="USC"> <section commented="no" id="H9E2B4AFD74DF43F38C350D4EF59842A0"><enum>31506.</enum><header>Unmanned aircraft systems research</header> <text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and other Federal agencies, shall conduct research on facilitating the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system, including—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H01373BC60BEF417E88D121B9180F3EE4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>positioning and navigation systems;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HFC9227C85484421CB4B17B1D8CC9039F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>sense-and-avoid capabilities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD2C97A25F21B4C6CB69C0F11615DB359"><enum>(3)</enum><text>secure data and communication links;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H1F66B4D5285842BF8C8CC398A376F3C9"><enum>(4)</enum><text>flight recovery systems; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HB96ADB0055F14D329FD316B36D9CA095"><enum>(5)</enum><text>human systems integration.</text></paragraph></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HF1B79EFAA4B94D2BA317993BE5891EDA"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/315">chapter 315</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H2B7EED0476E84F678D93FB238CD052EA" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">31506. Unmanned aircraft systems research.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H098ACE1F6E774C6E8C7B51C3346B6262"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle activities</header><text>Section 31504 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: <quote>Operational flight data derived from such cooperative agreements shall be made available, in appropriate and usable formats, to the Administration and the Federal Aviation Administration for the development of regulatory standards.</quote>.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H324C336BC70B4FA782DAF96400397625"><enum>403.</enum><header>21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative</header>
<subsection id="H86E72CF2EC5B45BB9CAC018D7237381A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Establishment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall establish an initiative to be known as the 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative, funded through the Construction of Facilities account, to ensure that NASA possesses the infrastructure capabilities and computational tools necessary to conduct flight demonstration projects across the range of NASA aeronautics interests.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H9A7F30626B7E440D97EB93196E518263"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Activities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative, the Administrator shall—</text>
<paragraph id="H76EA2A8D2C4A4FC9BEE135240938705F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>upgrade and create facilities for civil and national security aeronautics research; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HDB367D233FC540A1A41FFE3A827603FB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>support flight testing activities.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA9B03F9898E940ACBF9547FE61817C37"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Operating model</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative, the Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, build on NASA’s work on developing its Operating Model and the results of the Technical Capabilities Assessment Team.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H8564061A4B58404D8DBA6090A227A739"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Report</header>
<paragraph id="HA7F58A41DD61496F98BC5AC657F15177"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Report required</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing a 5-year plan for the implementation of the 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H516562DAB482409A8433147D88F9D26C"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Elements</header><text>The report required under this subsection shall include—</text> <subparagraph id="H907BDB8DAF2A44D1B43D5B4305919506"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a description of proposed projects;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2E11AAD9E8AE43E497173F0DBCFC23F8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a description of how the projects align with the Aeronautics Strategic Implementation Plan; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H10C103B092A84C3DBDC0EF1FD4B8CC73"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a timetable for carrying out activities and initiatives authorized under this section.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1BE324A7E4FA4DFEAB416A5BCA1A2F38"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000, funded through the Construction of Facilities account, for fiscal year 2019 to carry out this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HD7A65F231A4F4C7DBBE49EBD34BC871A"><enum>404.</enum><header>Experimental plane program</header>
<subsection id="H58BAC5C5D7EC4748A4B9883EA8C2B98C"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the policy of the United States to maintain the role of the United States as a world leader in aeronautical science and technology.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HAE0116F8BA594011BA73442606624B97"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Objective</header><text>A fundamental objective of NASA aeronautics research is the steady progression and expansion of high-speed flight research and capabilities, including the science and technology of critical underlying disciplines and competencies, the most important of which are computational-based analytical and predictive tools and methodologies, aero thermodynamics, high-speed flight propulsion, high-temperature structures and materials, and flight controls.</text>
</subsection></section><section display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H4F0E776E73AE48C6B3285D3EEB0FC1F2" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>405.</enum><header>Hypersonic Technology project</header>
<subsection id="H5B7C6040537A4727B1629865B3851CBD"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds that—</text> <paragraph id="H94C6701916004EAAA597288AB914C05A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the development of new hypersonic flight technologies is important to the United States;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2281541A4A684342AFDD216E5F41D7FB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>though hypersonic flight technologies are likely to be applied to enhance defense systems in the near-term, in the long-term, application of such technologies may expand to include improved access-to-space capabilities that benefit NASA; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HDF5DC44B4EEF4A7AB7B13D278C33A5AB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>NASA maintains specialized facilities and experts who will focus on research areas that explore challenges in hypersonic flight.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7A92E91B2D50434D93BBB8DFBE15405A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Policy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In carrying out the Hypersonic Technology project, NASA should focus research and development efforts on high-speed propulsion systems, reusable vehicle technologies, high-temperature materials, and systems analysis.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H19EDF2793C964792B9054BBC47C104A1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorized funding</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall make available at least $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2019 for the Hypersonic Technology project.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>V</enum><header>Commercial</header>
<section id="HC6808FCDEB0F4A77ACF7189DAE1AE4E7"><enum>501.</enum><header>Commercial supply of space products</header>
<subsection id="HDA24377D8EB84ACA9898B3F1883D15A4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter II of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/501">chapter 501</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HE789907B6C0149918FF52CF3A42F186F" style="USC">
<section commented="no" id="HEFBD55085B68459E9420E4E7DDDE3626"><enum>50117.</enum><header>Commercial supply of space products</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H1C91A928A15047EA84D29808EDB57D63"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In planning and carrying out space exploration missions, the Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, prioritize the acquisition and use of space products provided by a United States commercial provider or through a public-private partnership with a United States commercial provider.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H9B81003F65CE4A8EBDC15920EE272838"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Space product defined</header><text>In this section, the term <term>space product</term> means a tangible good, including a finished good, or commodity, including a propellant, water, oxygen, or gas, that—</text>
<paragraph id="H743E4338CD2A4071863B43B4581986AD"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">is required for space exploration activities; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HB5C0BB4297044F09BA6C424E4E204056"><enum>(2)</enum><text>originates in outer space.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H8E6388CF731548C5A7C0336D6DA26501"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Commodities used in space</header>
<paragraph id="HBA59EF31DB484AA9A0DABF4185ED9CDB"><enum>(1)</enum><header>List of commodities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In planning a space exploration mission, the Administrator shall create a list of commodities to be used during such mission. The list shall include specification of each commodity, anticipated quantity, and the location and the timeframe of need.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE1EF3BCF884A473583576E83117B984E"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Commodity cost basis</header><text>For each commodity listed pursuant paragraph (1), NASA shall establish a commodity cost basis that shall represent the lesser of—</text>
<subparagraph id="HF1D4DF8DEAEC4A49AF16BAFA70413E52"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the estimated cost to procure the commodity on Earth and deliver the commodity to the location of use; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H236368F15C814A0A8A34AD4054C55892"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the estimated cost for the Government to procure the equivalent commodity that is a space product.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H3C963DC7B85C4F2A8663719268FD7FCB"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Publication</header><text>The Administrator shall annually publish the information compiled under paragraphs (1) and (2) during the previous calendar year.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H8AF4B93AD36047F98F1E4DFA18FC207F"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The Administrator shall not be required to prioritize the acquisition of space products for the purposes described in subsection (a) if, on a case-by-case basis—</text>
<paragraph id="H54E542632AE24BEB8062C3DDF21514B4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the Administrator determines that—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" id="H71B2C46CB9BB4003A1323D746CA333AD"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">cost-effective space products that meet specific mission requirements would not be reasonably available from United States commercial providers when required;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD3C04435060041FA83A2F79240B76D2E"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the use of space products from United States commercial providers poses an unacceptable mission risk; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H6CF15DD29AE8445D880B925E00CF2FF3"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the use of space products is inconsistent with international agreements for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology; or</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD025F77AA5D341D6AC89750DC24301E9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the Secretary of the Air Force determines that the use of space commodities from United States commercial providers is inconsistent with national security objectives.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H1F9F592885FA4A0AAE55A95C6002563A"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Agreements with foreign entities</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nothing in this section shall prevent the Administrator from planning or negotiating agreements with foreign governmental entities for the provision of space products.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection><subsection id="H3270E4B5A9DD4F99BF8343FF3B52DFD0"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter II of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/501">chapter 501</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H8AC7268F5AC94035A7FE6C21FC36C09B" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">50117. Commercial supply of space products.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><section id="H4A99B2814CB64078B87FD3CAD5249381"><enum>502.</enum><header>Commercial provision of services</header>
<subsection id="HA97593689D194F50B183806DDF76B9DB"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter II of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/501">chapter 501</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H421B4147860A4AE381BDCE574FD91106" style="USC">
<section commented="no" id="HB2CEE65CB9F7476692BF83FCBDF7EB00"><enum>50118.</enum><header>Commercial provision of services</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H02E9D5B3D6D14F27B43531E9688ACBF9"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In planning and carrying out space exploration missions, the Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, acquire services to be carried out in outer space by a United States commercial provider or through a public-private partnership with a United States commercial provider to support such missions.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H5B06A4CEACE341AD802F2E84B4AF6608"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Administrator shall not be required to acquire services under subsection (a) from a United States commercial provider or through a public-private partnership with a United States commercial provider if, on a case-by-case basis—</text>
<paragraph id="H0ACBC5E4F6F2406AB1CB049FAAAB2968"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the Administrator determines that—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" id="HC98F694E86714BFAB3A44AA3B25209DB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>cost-effective services that meet specific mission requirements would not be reasonably available from United States commercial providers when required;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HB1CB2F50EC9342E0A3260E7792C9B883"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the use of such services from United States commercial providers poses an unacceptable mission risk; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H69FDF04F3E234A1380A5B041C81C21E8"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the use of such services is inconsistent with international agreements for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology; or</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HCA41AF1FF4D64533B1DE89B6D4980A57"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the Secretary of the Air Force determines that the use of services from United States commercial providers is inconsistent with national security objectives.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HC8D7C0F222604E5E835FC4E763D3335E"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Agreements with foreign entities</header><text>Nothing in this section shall prevent the Administrator from planning or negotiating agreements with foreign governmental entities for the provision of support services to be carried out in outer space.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection><subsection id="HE4A624B5B23C45AB8E2881BA07EB7CF4"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter II of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/501">chapter 501</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H57C7507FBCA5455FB87579DC39CB33F2" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">50118. Commercial provision of services.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><section id="H5F595ACD733946E6B71B17B0AC751F26"><enum>503.</enum><header>Commercial in-space infrastructure</header>
<subsection id="HCD2DF782BB1F453680C318BEC4162BA7"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter II of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/501">chapter 501</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H6E9546756D5946DD87EC0937376F2441" style="USC">
<section commented="no" id="HE439291964684E28BCF9D31E2565F8F6"><enum>50119.</enum><header>Commercial in-space infrastructure</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="HC1DABE2E0A0043188B807DF6D214B845"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>In planning and carrying out space exploration missions, the Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, make use of commercial in-space infrastructure to support such missions.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H0DAE6B44480F46CB9AE25B00B53B2641"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Commercial in-Space infrastructure</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section, the term <term>commercial in-space infrastructure</term> means infrastructure that is—</text> <paragraph commented="no" id="HB957B08DFD2A4C98BAFC0B4DA4CD6F2E"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">owned, managed, or built by a United States commercial provider or through a public-private partnership with a United States commercial provider; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H863354A328804250B1BF2EEBD996407C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>located more than 320,000 kilometers from the Earth’s surface.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H88DD2244B3CA44FD981EB179998F4C2A"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The Administrator shall not be required to use commercial in-space infrastructure if, on a case-by-case basis—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="HC4AB91DEF88749F88BD9EC85E717DC36"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the Administrator determines that—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" id="H5B35C4BBA7624D47901787CF406BFBA3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>cost-effective infrastructure that meets specific mission requirements would not be reasonably available from United States commercial providers when required;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H79E0BE86FD4F4BE7971E12F6AC572B02"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the use of commercial in-space infrastructure poses an unacceptable mission risk; or</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H2B2C2AE144CC4A68A84AB2D4FEA0B9F5"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the use of commercial in-space infrastructure is inconsistent with international agreements for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology; or</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H3C8C9B8961DB40F5AA0DEDBA11D25A48"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the Secretary of the Air Force determines that the use of commercial in-space infrastructure is inconsistent with national security objectives.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H927FE1DA0D7748D393CCAD65EB957EF7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Agreements with foreign entities</header><text>Nothing in this section shall prevent the Administrator from planning or negotiating agreements with foreign governmental entities for the use infrastructure in support of United States civil government activities in outer space.</text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection><subsection id="HB92AC5E5DFE4442A9FA53BCDDDDCC899"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subchapter II of <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/501">chapter 501</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H5F5566B70CCA4D0AA21C86FAD75D3DEA" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">50119. Commercial in-space infrastructure.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><section commented="no" id="H2973801E607648EFA5A175F79AB96C08"><enum>504.</enum><header>Preference for launch vehicles manufactured in the United States</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should, to the greatest extent possible, with respect to entering into contracts for commercial space data and services, provide weighed preference, selection points, and other incentives for the use of launch vehicles that are manufactured in the United States.</text>
</section><section id="HCBCDD110D3594258806765F4581156A1"><enum>505.</enum><header>Studies on industrial base</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">No funds may be obligated or expended by the Administrator for purposes of carrying out a Bureau of Industry and Security survey of the United States aerospace industrial base until the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Administrator submits to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a written notification that includes—</text>
<paragraph id="H5ABCB5B36BED40F59597ED127024A753"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the proposed subject matter of such survey;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H8DC6034559264B88B1A1DA6EB674B458"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a description of the information to be required of survey respondents; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H989E5CF0C2EC41C99B17400DD6436912"><enum>(3)</enum><text>any penalties proposed to be assessed by the Federal Government against respondents for noncompliance with survey requirements.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H96442454510C46BFBD6FA10C05F00D17"><enum>506.</enum><header>Spectrum coordination</header>
<subsection id="H29F271E0FF7A49FEA6D6E222CCE8AE5B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In General</header><text>The Administrator shall develop and implement a plan to more effectively and efficiently, taking into account NASA’s spectrum requirements, share electromagnetic spectrum assigned to NASA with United States nongovernmental entities operating or proposing to operate space objects.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H30F2DD4B370F47D4BD6963AC3DAEF06F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the plan developed under subsection (a).</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H853C27A5729A4CC193B1E322420F4146"><enum>507.</enum><header>Enhanced-use leasing</header>
<subsection id="HAF81983B0D7942838C55F881A0DA75ED"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph id="H9698756A0D4D43FA95355B85CF2DD35F"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">NASA possesses a variety of unique and world-class facilities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H96DB44228F054AA7A071720F62EA2947"><enum>(2)</enum><text>NASA is developing and using many different methods to offset the cost of maintaining and operating such facilities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8E51D85C68224A7196C2EED18F1DC3D1"><enum>(3)</enum><text>nongovernmental entities may be able to use such facilities in a manner that is cost-effective; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HC0BEB0D61E3E470AA2173ED7050AB6E5"><enum>(4)</enum><text>agreements between NASA and nongovernmental entities regarding the use of such facilities may offset a portion of the spending of NASA.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H147414D80F6546858D01FC82BD309F9A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Extension of authority To lease non-Excess property</header><text>Section 20145(g) of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>December 31, 2018</quote> and inserting <quote>December 31, 2020</quote>.</text> </subsection><subsection id="HC8D11B2700364EB89ADBE1AF51744184"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Condition on use of funds</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For any year for which funds are made available under section 20145 of title 51, United States Code, (as amended by subsection (b)), no funds may be expended by the Administrator under such section after January 31 unless Administrator submits, before such date, to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate the annual report required under such section for the prior year.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HA002D141B12840BEB2C5BC68A1CFFECC"><enum>508.</enum><header>Satellite servicing technologies</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Administrator shall continue to restructure NASA investments in the development of satellite servicing technologies to reduce the overall cost to NASA and align with NASA needs for exploration.</text>
</section><enum>VI</enum><header>Policy</header>
<section id="HBAF2F78AE4714292919F928CF753178C"><enum>601.</enum><header>NASA-funded institutes</header>
<subsection id="HDD23395D637D49E78CD5CD24BE82CFF3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text>Congress finds that on June 9, 2016, the Office of Inspector General of NASA reported that—</text> <paragraph id="H6DCC95EE9CDE482C8C19418072446F1E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>NASA does not aggregate information on the universe, status, or funding levels for the many institutes it supports;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8ABDF1CC52ED425EAE2201F556367D2B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the absence of this information makes it difficult for NASA leaders to strategically evaluate the scope or purpose of its institute investments and for Congress and other stakeholders to understand how NASA is spending more than three-quarters of a billion dollars of its budget annually;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H192D02B1715641E68701DC3BA15E94BF"><enum>(3)</enum><text>absent comprehensive, centralized information about these investments, it may be difficult for NASA to avoid duplication among its efforts;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HEE09BC4FBE8F4D7E9F4D9357745A8B84"><enum>(4)</enum><text>NASA has not defined what constitutes an institute or established guidance and metrics on the management, use, or expectations for return on investment;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0A248FDF13D145AEA05E558B7FC4547B"><enum>(5)</enum><text>such guidance may enable NASA to gain a better understanding of how funds directed to NASA-funded institutes are utilized to accomplish the mission and goals of NASA, increase its return on investment, and evaluate the performance of such institutes; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H596ADD24B1BD4EE1B195E33620DB26D7"><enum>(6)</enum><text>NASA lacks a standard process to assess a potential grantee’s financial condition prior to grant award or to impose additional reporting or oversight requirements that such a condition may warrant, and without such a mechanism, NASA risks making uninformed investment decisions.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H64A1AD3AA7214CAA8BF4B802291D2CC7"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Institute budgets</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 30103(a) of title 51, United States Code, is amended—</text> <paragraph id="HF869BFF6B44F4B2F8C88F7FD5147555A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in paragraph (5), by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H79BDC2B26D864AEEA3634D95BF2AB0C5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7); and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H9D255AB294494A6DAAE515E4C0A5741B"><enum>(3)</enum><text>by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H3A1C350C7991496A9E5AB503467387D1" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="HCFE62240D48F496B949154A8327445E5"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the budget for each NASA-funded institute; and</text></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H667ABBBA463F48E485925206FA961634"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report that recommends guidance and metrics for the management, utilization, expectations for return on investment, and financial condition of NASA-funded institutes.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H2AC528BCA2D041B48A6049A519C6BA63"><enum>602.</enum><header>Baseline and cost controls</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 30104(e)(1)(A) of title 51, United States Code, is amended—</text> <paragraph id="H93D3B3BE517E45B6A4C3C7D014AC337E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in clause (ii) by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H13F227E015694A41BBB79D56562F927F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in clause (iii) by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H833379FC63D74647AC1784D2798E5D45"><enum>(3)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HAAC0522F2EC84E2199DD8ACA2C06B8F6" style="USC">
<clause id="HC79DC66F75144D719CEF05FE0F3E296B"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any changes made in the performance or schedule milestones and the degree to which such changes have contributed to the increase in total cost;</text>
</clause><clause id="H818B84D5662D4F638CFC23487CF24AD0"><enum>(v)</enum><text>new estimates of the specific project or specific program cost; and</text> </clause><clause id="HD75C2E40B3454493ABA3887A5115D30D"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>a statement validating that the management structure of the project or program is adequate to control cost; and</text></clause><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></section><section commented="no" id="H5F2D944895254222AFC23B838B64B0E5"><enum>603.</enum><header>Reports to Congress</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="HA0E127679E6841388632241F6E57046E"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/301">Chapter 301</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H2D24798C9221477F96535DF6DEDC7E4B" style="USC"> <section commented="no" id="HBE83D592D89F4B12A403FDC678B3462B"><enum>30105.</enum><header>Concurrent reports</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">For any report that the Administration submits to the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Administrator shall concurrently submit such report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee of the Senate.</text></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H5F20103FAE75432F8D9AD549A2833698"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The table of sections for <external-xref legal-doc="usc-chapter" parsable-cite="usc-chapter/51/301">chapter 301</external-xref> of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H24680C39A82E4F94B144CAB22D9A3E29" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">30105. Concurrent reports.</toc-entry></toc><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><section id="H2899CDAC50414F49A49F5B76E5D35949"><enum>604.</enum><header>International technical and operational standards</header>
<subsection id="HAA2BC0FBAB184D4BB752F14439CEF4CF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text>Congress finds that—</text> <paragraph id="HFC8C58A2B2404DFBB39C9FFC129D292F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>section 71301 of title 51, United States Code, directs the Administrator to <quote>enter into discussions with the appropriate representatives of spacefaring nations who have or plan to have crew transportation systems capable of orbital flight or flight beyond low Earth orbit for the purpose of agreeing on a common docking system standard</quote>;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H949E581CED5B4BAEAAA6269D2A26DAE7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the development of an international docking standard has been beneficial in promoting Government and private sector space exploration, interoperability, and United States international leadership;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBB70D818A4264E49B2A0EC2AEC0455BB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>NASA continues the development described in paragraph (2) by coordinating the development of joint international deep space interoperability standards; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H55947E31A7074236B7022DF8F4FDEC1C"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the long-term goals of NASA, as described in section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312(a)</external-xref>), include expanding permanent human presence beyond low-Earth orbit.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB8BE1728EAC94E329D67ED45E39FC94F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sense of congress</header><text>It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph id="H930BACA0EE024BD9B049B5D7DBF88707"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the plans of NASA for crewed exploration beyond low-Earth orbit should involve a wide array of partners to address the technological challenges of deep space exploration;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H19990F95F9A640CAA476363B0A7518FE"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the development of common terminology and concepts for spacecraft design and safety will help promote NASA leadership in space and spacecraft design;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE58A7536114742E88CDC44FEA2A5ABC0"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the adoption of common design and safety terminology and concepts across NASA would enable NASA to pursue the long-term goals of NASA, described in section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/18312">42 U.S.C. 18312(a)</external-xref>), in a manner that is effective and efficient; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H27D60CC4469C4F2E902B053036562D33"><enum>(4)</enum><text>NASA should continue to develop and promote common terminology and concepts for spacecraft design and safety.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H16288C8DF05A45508185F99999B4702A"><enum>605.</enum><header>NASA contractor responsibility watch list</header>
<subsection id="HE439AA22803549CDA8095D2D1D4DA867"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Administrator shall establish and maintain a watch list of contractors with a history of poor performance on space procurement contracts or research, development, test, and evaluation space program contracts.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H037F35E8D7724DC4BB1DE2D5B9BCC014"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Basis for inclusion on list</header>
<paragraph id="HB17A32BA2D79405293AD9CF737B15FEE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Determination</header><text>The Administrator may place a contractor, including parties contracting under other transaction authorities, on the watch list established under subsection (a) upon determining that the ability of the contractor to perform a contract specified in such subsection is uncertain because of any of the following:</text>
<subparagraph id="HD4C441FA3EB54AE8979B4606B1EAB304"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Poor performance or award fee scores below 50 percent.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE587CD9749AC4C239E7899D1733CD678"><enum>(B)</enum><text>Financial concerns.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7E4D875A70544C01BA7DF065F2CACE4F"><enum>(C)</enum><text>Felony convictions or civil judgements.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1FADED0EEBD94B53868090AEF09FD4B8"><enum>(D)</enum><text>Security or foreign ownership and control issues.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H78FD3C3FD8B9450292BC9AF309FFB385"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Discretion of the administrator</header><text>The Administrator shall be responsible for determining which contractors to place on the watch list, whether an entire company or a specific division should be included, and when to remove a contractor from the list.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HDFC5D0562D7147F7AB954C2C8FC64D48"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Effect of listing</header>
<paragraph id="H288324179C3A44EBB06A9BD1402CBCC0"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Prime contracts</header><text>NASA may not solicit an offer from, award a contract to, execute an engineering change proposal with, or exercise an option on any program of NASA with a contractor included on the list established under subsection (a) without the prior direct approval of the Administrator.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCB0BEA84712249198F9DA57D03AB474A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Subcontracts</header><text>A prime contractor on a contract entered into with NASA may not enter into a subcontract valued in excess of $3,000,000 or five percent of the prime contract value, whichever is lesser, with a contractor included on the watch list established under subsection (a) without the prior approval of the Administrator.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7DD43DA885CD494FA4D91F8C6BE1F1BA"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Request for removal from list</header><text>A contractor may submit to the Administrator a written request for removal from the watch list, including evidence that the contractor has resolved the issue that was the basis for inclusion on the list.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H86A075676C5C437AB93F49C281832BAD"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Rule of construction</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing the suspension or debarment of a contractor, but inclusion on the watch list shall not be construed as a punitive measure or de facto suspension or debarment of a contractor.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HBA4908CE9CC0453E848E802E442E958A"><enum>606.</enum><header>Human space exploration risk</header>
<subsection id="H17A251E0909A4379A3E74249A148EFEA"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph id="H370C3094B7274811876A1AD9DD6257FC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>American leadership in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space has been a long-standing priority for the United States.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H40DABC572F014AE1AAFCC283E8B5514F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The reestablishment of the National Space Council by President Trump demonstrates the strategic importance of outer space to the Nation.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6B2684509F514493B9B769FEEF0A74E3"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The December 2017 National Security Strategy of the United States establishes the broad strategic importance of outer space exploration and use for the United States.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H54D346A8BAE6424781FF653F28065F28"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text>It is the sense of Congress that—</text> <paragraph id="HC6620316F52849FE908A9F4F0346A965"><enum>(1)</enum><text>exploration and use of outer space is a matter of broad, national strategic importance; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7A00A1F30E064248AD6D2745EB09F1C8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>space exploration decision-making and requirement-setting in such a strategic context is complex, especially with respect to setting appropriate priorities and levels of risk tolerance.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF2F150F3B91A4F0FA3A4F8E4A8C015CD"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report on inherent justifiable risk</header>
<paragraph id="H56C842DF26B447DA827FFE332F9579C5"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the National Space Council, or its designee, shall submit to Congress and make available to the public a report relating the broad strategic national importance of space to the inherent, justifiable risk of the exploration and use of space.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB6BA91A36AA24C69ADD26502DA4D72D8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Policy and strategy</header><text>The Administrator shall engage with appropriate members of the private sector, academia, and nonprofit organizations on a policy and strategy of enterprise-level engineering and operational risk management to present in the report that addresses inherent, justifiable risks of loss of life that may occur in space exploration and use.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H840AA646C4F34E8DB040D476B75264A2"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The report required under paragraph (1) shall—</text> <subparagraph id="HBB09F445C2CE47409804065FFFC422CA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>clarify the broad strategic case and value of space;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0BC974AE8EAF49D08CDE60D6BCE63ECC"><enum>(B)</enum><text>address inherent, justifiable risks of loss of life that may occur in space exploration and use; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H37F58A72DB1A4C81A7D287DADF06EA6F"><enum>(C)</enum><text>discuss enterprise- and architecture-level approaches for exploration risk management.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section>