[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 302 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

        H.R.302

                     One Hundred Fifteenth Congress

                                 of the

                        United States of America


                          AT THE SECOND SESSION

         Begun and held at the City of Washington on Wednesday,
           the third day of January, two thousand and eighteen


                                 An Act


 
  To provide protections for certain sports medicine professionals, to 
   reauthorize Federal aviation programs, to improve aircraft safety 
            certification processes, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``FAA 
Reauthorization Act of 2018''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

                  DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

Sec. 11. Short title.
Sec. 12. Protections for covered sports medicine professionals.

               DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

Sec. 101. Definition of appropriate committees of Congress.

                         TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS

                   Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

Sec. 111. Airport planning and development and noise compatibility 
          planning and programs.
Sec. 112. Facilities and equipment.
Sec. 113. FAA operations.
Sec. 114. Weather reporting programs.
Sec. 115. Adjustment to AIP program funding.
Sec. 116. Funding for aviation programs.
Sec. 117. Extension of expiring authorities.

                 Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

Sec. 121. Passenger facility charge modernization.
Sec. 122. Future aviation infrastructure and financing study.
Sec. 123. Intermodal access projects.

          Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

Sec. 131. Grant assurances.
Sec. 132. Mothers' rooms.
Sec. 133. Contract Tower Program.
Sec. 134. Government share of project costs.
Sec. 135. Updated veterans' preference.
Sec. 136. Use of State highway specifications.
Sec. 137. Former military airports.
Sec. 138. Eligibility of CCTV projects for airport improvement program.
Sec. 139. State block grant program expansion.
Sec. 140. Non-movement area surveillance pilot program.
Sec. 141. Property conveyance releases.
Sec. 142. Study regarding technology usage at airports.
Sec. 143. Study on airport revenue diversion.
Sec. 144. GAO study on the effect of granting an exclusive right of 
          aeronautical services to an airport sponsor.
Sec. 145. Sense of Congress on smart airports.
Sec. 146. Critical airfield markings.
Sec. 147. General facilities authority.
Sec. 148. Recycling plans; uncategorized small airports.
Sec. 149. Evaluation of airport master plans.
Sec. 150. Definition of small business concern.
Sec. 151. Small airport regulation relief.
Sec. 152. Construction of certain control towers.
Sec. 153. Nondiscrimination.
Sec. 154. Definition of airport development.
Sec. 155. General aviation airport expired funds.
Sec. 156. Priority review of construction projects in cold weather 
          States.
Sec. 157. Minority and disadvantaged business participation.
Sec. 158. Supplemental discretionary funds.
Sec. 159. State taxation.
Sec. 160. Airport investment partnership program.
Sec. 161. Remote tower pilot program for rural and small communities.
Sec. 162. Airport access roads in remote locations.
Sec. 163. Limited regulation of non-federally sponsored property.
Sec. 164. Seasonal airports.
Sec. 165. Amendments to definitions.
Sec. 166. Pilot program sunsets.
Sec. 167. Buy America requirements.

        Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

Sec. 171. Funding eligibility for airport energy efficiency assessments.
Sec. 172. Authorization of certain flights by stage 2 aircraft.
Sec. 173. Alternative airplane noise metric evaluation deadline.
Sec. 174. Updating airport noise exposure maps.
Sec. 175. Addressing community noise concerns.
Sec. 176. Community involvement in FAA NextGen projects located in 
          metroplexes.
Sec. 177. Lead emissions.
Sec. 178. Terminal sequencing and spacing.
Sec. 179. Airport noise mitigation and safety study.
Sec. 180. Regional ombudsmen.
Sec. 181. FAA leadership on civil supersonic aircraft.
Sec. 182. Mandatory use of the New York North Shore Helicopter Route.
Sec. 183. State standards for airport pavements.
Sec. 184. Eligibility of pilot program airports.
Sec. 185. Grandfathering of certain deed agreements granting through-
          the-fence access to general aviation airports.
Sec. 186. Stage 3 aircraft study.
Sec. 187. Aircraft noise exposure.
Sec. 188. Study regarding day-night average sound levels.
Sec. 189. Study on potential health and economic impacts of overflight 
          noise.
Sec. 190. Environmental mitigation pilot program.
Sec. 191. Extending aviation development streamlining.
Sec. 192. Zero-emission vehicles and technology.

                TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee.

                Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

Sec. 211. Aircraft certification performance objectives and metrics.
Sec. 212. Organization designation authorizations.
Sec. 213. ODA review.
Sec. 214. Type certification resolution process.
Sec. 215. Review of certification process for small general aviation 
          airplanes.
Sec. 216. ODA staffing and oversight.

                   Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

Sec. 221. Flight standards performance objectives and metrics.
Sec. 222. FAA task force on flight standards reform.
Sec. 223. Centralized safety guidance database.
Sec. 224. Regulatory Consistency Communications Board.

                      Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

Sec. 231. Safety workforce training strategy.
Sec. 232. Workforce review.

                   Subtitle E--International Aviation

Sec. 241. Promotion of United States aerospace standards, products, and 
          services abroad.
Sec. 242. Bilateral exchanges of safety oversight responsibilities.
Sec. 243. FAA leadership abroad.
Sec. 244. Registration, certification, and related fees.

                            TITLE III--SAFETY

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 301. Definitions.
Sec. 302. FAA technical training.
Sec. 303. Safety critical staffing.
Sec. 304. International efforts regarding tracking of civil aircraft.
Sec. 305. Aircraft data access and retrieval systems.
Sec. 306. Advanced cockpit displays.
Sec. 307. Emergency medical equipment on passenger aircraft.
Sec. 308. FAA and NTSB review of general aviation safety.
Sec. 309. Call to action airline engine safety review.
Sec. 310. Sense of Congress on access to air carrier flight decks.
Sec. 311. Part 135 accident and incident data.
Sec. 312. Sense of Congress; pilot in command authority.
Sec. 313. Report on conspicuity needs for surface vehicles operating on 
          the airside of air carrier served airports.
Sec. 314. Helicopter air ambulance operations data and reports.
Sec. 315. Aviation rulemaking committee for part 135 pilot rest and duty 
          rules.
Sec. 316. Report on obsolete test equipment.
Sec. 317. Helicopter fuel system safety.
Sec. 318. Applicability of medical certification standards to operators 
          of air balloons.
Sec. 319. Designated pilot examiner reforms.
Sec. 320. Voluntary reports of operational or maintenance issues related 
          to aviation safety.
Sec. 321. Evaluation regarding additional ground based transmitters.
Sec. 322. Improved safety in rural areas.
Sec. 323. Exit rows.
Sec. 324. Comptroller General report on FAA enforcement policy.
Sec. 325. Annual safety incident report.
Sec. 326. Aircraft air quality.
Sec. 327. Approach control radar.
Sec. 328. Report on airline and passenger safety.
Sec. 329. Performance-based standards.
Sec. 330. Report and recommendations on certain aviation safety risks.
Sec. 331. Review of FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and 
          Sharing System.
Sec. 332. Airport rescue and firefighting.
Sec. 333. Safe air transportation of lithium cells and batteries.
Sec. 334. Runway safety.
Sec. 335. Flight attendant duty period limitations and rest 
          requirements.
Sec. 336. Secondary cockpit barriers.
Sec. 337. Aircraft cabin evacuation procedures.
Sec. 338. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 339. Civil penalties for interference.
Sec. 339A. National in-flight sexual misconduct task force.
Sec. 339B. Reporting process for sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.

                  Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Sec. 341. Definitions; Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems 
          into national airspace system.
Sec. 342. Update of FAA comprehensive plan.
Sec. 343. Unmanned aircraft test ranges.
Sec. 344. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.
Sec. 345. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.
Sec. 346. Public unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 347. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 348. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
          compensation or hire.
Sec. 349. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
          aircraft.
Sec. 350. Use of unmanned aircraft systems at institutions of higher 
          education.
Sec. 351. Unmanned aircraft systems integration pilot program.
Sec. 352. Part 107 transparency and technology improvements.
Sec. 353. Emergency exemption process.
Sec. 354. Treatment of unmanned aircraft operating underground.
Sec. 355. Public UAS operations by Tribal governments.
Sec. 356. Authorization of appropriations for Know Before You Fly 
          campaign.
Sec. 357. Unmanned aircraft systems privacy policy.
Sec. 358. UAS privacy review.
Sec. 359. Study on fire department and emergency service agency use of 
          unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 360. Study on financing of unmanned aircraft services.
Sec. 361. Report on UAS and chemical aerial application.
Sec. 362. Sense of Congress regarding unmanned aircraft safety.
Sec. 363. Prohibition regarding weapons.
Sec. 364. U.S. Counter-UAS system review of interagency coordination 
          processes.
Sec. 365. Cooperation related to certain counter-UAS technology.
Sec. 366. Strategy for responding to public safety threats and 
          enforcement utility of unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 367. Incorporation of Federal Aviation Administration occupations 
          relating to unmanned aircraft into veterans employment 
          programs of the administration.
Sec. 368. Public UAS access to special use airspace.
Sec. 369. Applications for designation.
Sec. 370. Sense of Congress on additional rulemaking authority.
Sec. 371. Assessment of aircraft registration for small unmanned 
          aircraft.
Sec. 372. Enforcement.
Sec. 373. Federal and local authorities.
Sec. 374. Spectrum.
Sec. 375. Federal Trade Commission authority.
Sec. 376. Plan for full operational capability of unmanned aircraft 
          systems traffic management.
Sec. 377. Early implementation of certain UTM services.
Sec. 378. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 379. Commercial and governmental operators.
Sec. 380. Transition language.
Sec. 381. Unmanned aircraft systems in restricted buildings or grounds.
Sec. 382. Prohibition.
Sec. 383. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and enforcement.
Sec. 384. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.

                   Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

Sec. 391. Short title.
Sec. 392. Expansion of Pilot's Bill of Rights.
Sec. 393. Notification of reexamination of certificate holders.
Sec. 394. Expediting updates to NOTAM Program.
Sec. 395. Accessibility of certain flight data.
Sec. 396. Authority for legal counsel to issue certain notices.

                   TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

            Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

Sec. 401. Definitions.
Sec. 402. Reliable air service in American Samoa.
Sec. 403. Cell phone voice communication ban.
Sec. 404. Improved notification of insecticide use.
Sec. 405. Consumer complaints hotline.
Sec. 406. Consumer information on actual flight times.
Sec. 407. Training policies regarding racial, ethnic, and religious 
          nondiscrimination.
Sec. 408. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.
Sec. 409. Prohibitions against smoking on passenger flights.
Sec. 410. Report on baggage reporting requirements.
Sec. 411. Enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
Sec. 412. Strollers.
Sec. 413. Causes of airline delays or cancellations.
Sec. 414. Involuntary changes to itineraries.
Sec. 415. Extension of Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer 
          Protection.
Sec. 416. Online access to aviation consumer protection information.
Sec. 417. Protection of pets on airplanes.
Sec. 418. Advisory committee on air ambulance and patient billing.
Sec. 419. Air ambulance complaints to the Department of Transportation.
Sec. 420. Report to Congress on air ambulance oversight.
Sec. 421. Refunds for other fees that are not honored by a covered air 
          carrier.
Sec. 422. Advance boarding during pregnancy.
Sec. 423. Consumer complaint process improvement.
Sec. 424. Aviation consumer advocate.
Sec. 425. TICKETS Act.
Sec. 426. Report on availability of lavatories on commercial aircraft.
Sec. 427. Consumer protection requirements relating to large ticket 
          agents.
Sec. 428. Widespread disruptions.
Sec. 429. Passenger rights.

            Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

Sec. 431. Aviation consumers with disabilities study.
Sec. 432. Study on in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
Sec. 433. Improving wheelchair assistance for individuals with 
          disabilities.
Sec. 434. Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights.
Sec. 435. Sense of Congress regarding equal access for individuals with 
          disabilities.
Sec. 436. Civil penalties relating to harm to passengers with 
          disabilities.
Sec. 437. Harmonization of service animal standards.
Sec. 438. Review of practices for ticketing, pre-flight seat 
          assignments, and stowing of assistive devices for passengers 
          with disabilities.
Sec. 439. Advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers with 
          disabilities.
Sec. 440. Regulations ensuring assistance for passengers with 
          disabilities in air transportation.
Sec. 441. Transparency for disabled passengers.

                 Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

Sec. 451. Essential air service authorization.
Sec. 452. Study on essential air service reform.
Sec. 453. Air transportation to noneligible places.
Sec. 454. Inspector general review of service and oversight of 
          unsubsidized carriers.
Sec. 455. Small community air service.
Sec. 456. Waivers.
Sec. 457. Extension of final order establishing mileage adjustment 
          eligibility.
Sec. 458. Reduction in subsidy-per-passenger.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 501. Definitions.
Sec. 502. Report on air traffic control modernization.
Sec. 503. Return on investment report.
Sec. 504. Air traffic control operational contingency plans.
Sec. 505. 2020 ADS-B Out mandate plan.
Sec. 506. Securing aircraft avionics systems.
Sec. 507. Human factors.
Sec. 508. Programmatic risk management.
Sec. 509. Review of FAA strategic cybersecurity plan.
Sec. 510. Consolidation and realignment of FAA services and facilities.
Sec. 511. FAA review and reform.
Sec. 512. Air shows.
Sec. 513. Part 91 review, reform, and streamlining.
Sec. 514. Aircraft leasing.
Sec. 515. Pilots sharing flight expenses with passengers.
Sec. 516. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast.
Sec. 517. Public aircraft eligible for logging flight times.
Sec. 518. Aircraft Registry Office.
Sec. 519. FAA data transparency.
Sec. 520. Intra-agency coordination.
Sec. 521. Administrative Services Franchise Fund.
Sec. 522. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast.
Sec. 523. Contract weather observers.
Sec. 524. Regions and centers.
Sec. 525. Geosynthetic materials.
Sec. 526. National Airmail Museum.
Sec. 527. Status of agreement between FAA and Little Rock Port 
          Authority.
Sec. 528. Briefing on aircraft diversions from Los Angeles International 
          Airport to Hawthorne Municipal Airport.
Sec. 529. TFR report.
Sec. 530. Air traffic services at aviation events.
Sec. 531. Application of veterans' preference to Federal Aviation 
          Administration personnel management system.
Sec. 532. Clarification of requirements for living history flights.
Sec. 533. Review and reform of FAA performance management system.
Sec. 534. NextGen delivery study.
Sec. 535. Study on allergic reactions.
Sec. 536. Oxygen mask design study.
Sec. 537. Air cargo study.
Sec. 538. Sense of Congress on preventing the transportation of disease-
          carrying mosquitoes and other insects on commercial aircraft.
Sec. 539. Technical corrections.
Sec. 540. Report on illegal charter flights.
Sec. 541. Use of NASA's super guppy aircraft for commercial transport.
Sec. 542. Prohibited airspace assessment.
Sec. 543. Report on multiagency use of airspace and environmental 
          review.
Sec. 544. Agency procurement reporting requirements.
Sec. 545. FAA organizational reform.
Sec. 546. FAA Civil Aviation Registry upgrade.
Sec. 547. Enhanced air traffic services.
Sec. 548. Sense of Congress on artificial intelligence in aviation.
Sec. 549. Study on cybersecurity workforce of FAA.
Sec. 550. Treatment of multiyear lessees of large and turbine-powered 
          multiengine aircraft.
Sec. 551. Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plans.
Sec. 552. Study on training of customer-facing air carrier employees.
Sec. 553. Automated weather observing systems policy.
Sec. 554. Prioritizing and supporting the Human Intervention Motivation 
          Study (HIMS) program and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol 
          Program (FADAP).
Sec. 555. Cost-effectiveness analysis of equipment rental.
Sec. 556. Aircraft registration.
Sec. 557. Requirement to consult with stakeholders in defining scope and 
          requirements for future flight service program.
Sec. 558. Federal Aviation Administration performance measures and 
          targets.
Sec. 559. Report on plans for air traffic control facilities in the New 
          York City and Newark region.
Sec. 560. Work plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia 
          Metropolitan Area Airspace Project.
Sec. 561. Annual report on inclusion of disabled veteran leave in 
          personnel management system.
Sec. 562. Enhanced surveillance capability.
Sec. 563. Access of air carriers to information about applicants to be 
          pilots from national driver register.
Sec. 564. Regulatory reform.
Sec. 565. Aviation fuel.
Sec. 566. Right to privacy when using air traffic control system.
Sec. 567. Federal Aviation Administration workforce review.
Sec. 568. Review of approval process for use of large air tankers and 
          very large air tankers for wildland firefighting.
Sec. 569. FAA technical workforce.
Sec. 570. Study on airport credit assistance.
Sec. 571. Spectrum availability.
Sec. 572. Special review relating to air space changes.
Sec. 573. Reimbursement for immigration inspections.
Sec. 574. FAA employees in Guam.
Sec. 575. GAO study on airline computer network disruptions.
Sec. 576. Tower marking.
Sec. 577. Minimum dimensions for passenger seats.
Sec. 578. Judicial review for proposed alternative environmental review 
          and approval procedures.
Sec. 579. Regulatory streamlining.
Sec. 580. Spaceports.
Sec. 581. Special rule for certain aircraft operations (space support 
          vehicles).
Sec. 582. Portability of repairman certificates.
Sec. 583. Undeclared hazardous materials public awareness campaign.
Sec. 584. Liability protection for volunteer pilots who fly for the 
          public benefit.

                      TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE

                      Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

Sec. 601. Student outreach report.
Sec. 602. Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force.

                      Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

Sec. 611. Sense of Congress regarding women in aviation.
Sec. 612. Supporting women's involvement in the aviation field.

                Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

Sec. 621. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future.
Sec. 622. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future study.
Sec. 623. Sense of Congress on hiring veterans.
Sec. 624. Aviation maintenance industry technical workforce.
Sec. 625. Aviation workforce development programs.

             Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

Sec. 631. Community and technical college centers of excellence in small 
          unmanned aircraft system technology training.
Sec. 632. Collegiate training initiative program for unmanned aircraft 
          systems.

                        TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 701. Short title.
Sec. 702. Definitions.
Sec. 703. Authorization of appropriations.

          Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

Sec. 711. Assistant Administrator for Research and Development.
Sec. 712. Research advisory committee.

                  Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Sec. 721. Unmanned aircraft systems research and development roadmap.

        Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

Sec. 731. Cyber Testbed.
Sec. 732. Study on the effect of extreme weather on air travel.

           Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

Sec. 741. Research plan for the certification of new technologies into 
          the national airspace system.
Sec. 742. Technology review.
Sec. 743. CLEEN aircraft and engine technology partnership.
Sec. 744. Research and deployment of certain airfield pavement 
          technologies.

                       Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

Sec. 751. Short title; findings.
Sec. 752. Definitions.
Sec. 753. Federal Geographic Data Committee.
Sec. 754. National Geospatial Advisory Committee.
Sec. 755. National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Sec. 756. National Geospatial Data Asset data themes.
Sec. 757. Geospatial data standards.
Sec. 758. GeoPlatform.
Sec. 759. Covered agency responsibilities.
Sec. 759A. Limitation on use of Federal funds.
Sec. 759B. Savings provision.
Sec. 759C. Private sector.

                        Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

Sec. 761. NextGen research.
Sec. 762. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.

                 TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

Sec. 801. Expenditure authority from Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
Sec. 802. Extension of taxes funding Airport and Airway Trust Fund.

DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 
                                  2018

Sec. 1101. Short title.
Sec. 1102. Definitions.
Sec. 1103. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1104. Still images.
Sec. 1105. Electronic records.
Sec. 1106. Report on Most Wanted List methodology.
Sec. 1107. Methodology.
Sec. 1108. Multimodal accident database management system.
Sec. 1109. Addressing the needs of families of individuals involved in 
          accidents.
Sec. 1110. Government Accountability Office report on investigation 
          launch decision-making processes.
Sec. 1111. Periodic review of safety recommendations.
Sec. 1112. General organization.
Sec. 1113. Technical and conforming amendments.

                  DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

Sec. 1201. Short title.
Sec. 1202. Applicability.
Sec. 1203. Definitions.
Sec. 1204. Wildfire prevention.
Sec. 1205. Additional activities.
Sec. 1206. Eligibility for code implementation and enforcement.
Sec. 1207. Program improvements.
Sec. 1208. Prioritization of facilities.
Sec. 1209. Guidance on evacuation routes.
Sec. 1210. Duplication of benefits.
Sec. 1211. State administration of assistance for direct temporary 
          housing and permanent housing construction.
Sec. 1212. Assistance to individuals and households.
Sec. 1213. Multifamily lease and repair assistance.
Sec. 1214. Private nonprofit facility.
Sec. 1215. Management costs.
Sec. 1216. Flexibility.
Sec. 1217. Additional disaster assistance.
Sec. 1218. National veterinary emergency teams.
Sec. 1219. Right of arbitration.
Sec. 1220. Unified Federal environmental and historic preservation 
          review.
Sec. 1221. Closeout incentives.
Sec. 1222. Performance of services.
Sec. 1223. Study to streamline and consolidate information collection.
Sec. 1224. Agency accountability.
Sec. 1225. Audit of contracts.
Sec. 1226. Inspector general audit of FEMA contracts for tarps and 
          plastic sheeting.
Sec. 1227. Relief organizations.
Sec. 1228. Guidance on inundated and submerged roads.
Sec. 1229. Extension of assistance.
Sec. 1230. Guidance and recommendations.
Sec. 1231. Guidance on hazard mitigation assistance.
Sec. 1232. Local impact.
Sec. 1233. Additional hazard mitigation activities.
Sec. 1234. National public infrastructure predisaster hazard mitigation.
Sec. 1235. Additional mitigation activities.
Sec. 1236. Guidance and training by FEMA on coordination of emergency 
          response plans.
Sec. 1237. Certain recoupment prohibited.
Sec. 1238. Federal assistance to individuals and households and 
          nonprofit facilities.
Sec. 1239. Cost of assistance estimates.
Sec. 1240. Report on insurance shortfalls.
Sec. 1241. Post disaster building safety assessment.
Sec. 1242. FEMA updates on national preparedness assessment.
Sec. 1243. FEMA report on duplication in non-natural disaster 
          preparedness grant programs.
Sec. 1244. Study and report.
Sec. 1245. Review of assistance for damaged underground water 
          infrastructure.
Sec. 1246. Extension.

                      DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

Sec. 1301. Short title.
Sec. 1302. Declaration of policy.
Sec. 1303. Definitions.
Sec. 1304. Issuance of orders.
Sec. 1305. Required terms in orders.
Sec. 1306. Assessments.
Sec. 1307. Referenda.
Sec. 1308. Petition and review.
Sec. 1309. Enforcement.
Sec. 1310. Investigation and power to subpoena.
Sec. 1311. Suspension or termination.
Sec. 1312. Amendments to orders.
Sec. 1313. Effect on other laws.
Sec. 1314. Regulations.
Sec. 1315. Limitation on expenditures for administrative expenses.
Sec. 1316. Limitations on obligation of funds.
Sec. 1317. Study and report by the Government Accountability Office.
Sec. 1318. Study and report by the Department of Commerce.

                      DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

Sec. 1401. Short title.
Sec. 1402. Definitions.

                         TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

Sec. 1411. Statement of policy.
Sec. 1412. United States International Development Finance Corporation.
Sec. 1413. Management of Corporation.
Sec. 1414. Inspector General of the Corporation.
Sec. 1415. Independent accountability mechanism.

                          TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

Sec. 1421. Authorities relating to provision of support.
Sec. 1422. Terms and conditions.
Sec. 1423. Payment of losses.
Sec. 1424. Termination.

            TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 1431. Operations.
Sec. 1432. Corporate powers.
Sec. 1433. Maximum contingent liability.
Sec. 1434. Corporate funds.
Sec. 1435. Coordination with other development agencies.

             TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

Sec. 1441. Establishment of risk and audit committees.
Sec. 1442. Performance measures, evaluation, and learning.
Sec. 1443. Annual report.
Sec. 1444. Publicly available project information.
Sec. 1445. Engagement with investors.
Sec. 1446. Notifications to be provided by the Corporation.

           TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

Sec. 1451. Limitations and preferences.
Sec. 1452. Additionality and avoidance of market distortion.
Sec. 1453. Prohibition on support in countries that support terrorism or 
          violate human rights and with sanctioned persons.
Sec. 1454. Applicability of certain provisions of law.

                    TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 1461. Definitions.
Sec. 1462. Reorganization plan.
Sec. 1463. Transfer of functions.
Sec. 1464. Termination of Overseas Private Investment Corporation and 
          other superceded authorities.
Sec. 1465. Transitional authorities.
Sec. 1466. Savings provisions.
Sec. 1467. Other terminations.
Sec. 1468. Incidental transfers.
Sec. 1469. Reference.
Sec. 1470. Conforming amendments.

                      DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

Sec. 1501. Syria Study Group.

                 DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

Sec. 1601. Short title.
Sec. 1602. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned 
          aircraft.
Sec. 1603. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.

    DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

Sec. 1701. Budgetary effects.

                      DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

Sec. 1801. Short title.
Sec. 1802. Definitions.
Sec. 1803. Coordination with TSA on maritime facilities.
Sec. 1804. Strategic plan to enhance the security of the international 
          supply chain.
Sec. 1805. Cybersecurity information sharing and coordination in ports.
Sec. 1806. Facility inspection intervals.
Sec. 1807. Updates of maritime operations coordination plan.
Sec. 1808. Evaluation of Coast Guard deployable specialized forces.
Sec. 1809. Repeal of interagency operational centers for port security 
          and secure systems of transportation.
Sec. 1810. Duplication of efforts in the maritime domain.
Sec. 1811. Maritime security capabilities assessments.
Sec. 1812. Container Security Initiative.
Sec. 1813. Maritime border security review.
Sec. 1814. Maritime border security cooperation.
Sec. 1815. Transportation worker identification credential appeals 
          process.
Sec. 1816. Technical and conforming amendments.

                   DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

                    TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

Sec. 1901. Short title; references.
Sec. 1902. Definitions.

               Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

Sec. 1903. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1904. Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration; 
          5-year term.
Sec. 1905. Transportation Security Administration organization.
Sec. 1906. Transportation Security Administration efficiency.
Sec. 1907. Personnel management system review.
Sec. 1908. TSA leap pay reform.
Sec. 1909. Rank awards program for transportation security 
          administration executives and senior professionals.
Sec. 1910. Transmittals to Congress.

                     Subtitle B--Security Technology

Sec. 1911. Third party testing and verification of screening technology.
Sec. 1912. Transportation security administration systems integration 
          facility.
Sec. 1913. Opportunities to pursue expanded networks for business.
Sec. 1914. Reciprocal recognition of security standards.
Sec. 1915. Transportation Security Laboratory.
Sec. 1916. Innovation Task Force.
Sec. 1917. 5-Year technology investment plan update.
Sec. 1918. Maintenance of security-related technology.
Sec. 1919. Biometrics expansion.
Sec. 1920. Pilot program for automated exit lane technology.
Sec. 1921. Authorization of appropriations; exit lane security.
Sec. 1922. Real-time security checkpoint wait times.
Sec. 1923. GAO report on deployment of screening technologies across 
          airports.
Sec. 1924. Screening technology review and performance objectives.
Sec. 1925. Computed tomography pilot programs.

                    Subtitle C--Public Area Security

Sec. 1926. Definitions.
Sec. 1927. Explosives detection canine capacity building.
Sec. 1928. Third party domestic canines.
Sec. 1929. Tracking and monitoring of canine training and testing.
Sec. 1930. VIPR team statistics.
Sec. 1931. Public area security working group.
Sec. 1932. Public area best practices.
Sec. 1933. Airport worker access controls cost and feasibility study.
Sec. 1934. Securing airport worker access points.
Sec. 1935. Law Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program.
Sec. 1936. Airport perimeter and access control security.

                Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

Sec. 1937. PreCheck Program.
Sec. 1938. PreCheck expedited screening.
Sec. 1939. Trusted traveler programs; collaboration.
Sec. 1940. Passenger security fee.
Sec. 1941. Third party canine teams for air cargo security.
Sec. 1942. Known Shipper Program review.
Sec. 1943. Establishment of air cargo security division.
Sec. 1944. Air cargo regulation review.
Sec. 1945. GAO review.
Sec. 1946. Screening partnership program updates.
Sec. 1947. Screening performance assessments.
Sec. 1948. Transportation security training programs.
Sec. 1949. Traveler redress improvement.
Sec. 1950. Improvements for screening of passengers with disabilities.
Sec. 1951. Air cargo advance screening program.
Sec. 1952. General aviation airports.

                  Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

Sec. 1953. Last point of departure airports; security directives.
Sec. 1954. Last point of departure airport assessment.
Sec. 1955. Tracking security screening equipment from last point of 
          departure airports.
Sec. 1956. International security standards.
Sec. 1957. Aviation security in Cuba.
Sec. 1958. Report on airports used by Mahan Air.

                 Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

Sec. 1959. Federal air marshal service updates.
Sec. 1960. Crew member self-defense training.
Sec. 1961. Flight deck safety and security.
Sec. 1962. Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by 
          individuals.
Sec. 1963. Federal flight deck officer program improvements.

               Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

Sec. 1964. Surface transportation security assessment and implementation 
          of risk-based strategy.
Sec. 1965. Risk-based budgeting and resource allocation.
Sec. 1966. Surface transportation security management and interagency 
          coordination review.
Sec. 1967. Transparency.
Sec. 1968. TSA counterterrorism asset deployment.
Sec. 1969. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
Sec. 1970. Review of the explosives detection canine team program.
Sec. 1971. Expansion of national explosives detection canine team 
          program.
Sec. 1972. Study on security standards and best practices for passenger 
          transportation systems.
Sec. 1973. Amtrak security upgrades.
Sec. 1974. Passenger rail vetting.
Sec. 1975. Study on surface transportation inspectors.
Sec. 1976. Security awareness program.
Sec. 1977. Voluntary use of credentialing.
Sec. 1978. Background records checks for issuance of hazmat licenses.
Sec. 1979. Cargo container scanning technology review.
Sec. 1980. Pipeline security study.
Sec. 1981. Feasibility assessment.
Sec. 1982. Best practices to secure against vehicle-based attacks.
Sec. 1983. Surface transportation stakeholder survey.
Sec. 1984. Nuclear material and explosive detection technology.

                   Subtitle H--Transportation Security

Sec. 1985. National strategy for transportation security review.
Sec. 1986. Risk scenarios.
Sec. 1987. Integrated and unified operations centers.
Sec. 1988. National Deployment Force.
Sec. 1989. Information sharing and cybersecurity.
Sec. 1990. Security technologies tied to foreign threat countries.

           Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

Sec. 1991. Title 49 amendments.
Sec. 1992. Table of contents of chapter 449.
Sec. 1993. Other laws; Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 
          of 2004.
Sec. 1994. Savings provisions.

                 DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

  SEC. 11. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Sports Medicine Licensure 
Clarity Act of 2018''.
  SEC. 12. PROTECTIONS FOR COVERED SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS.
    (a) In General.--In the case of a covered sports medicine 
professional who has in effect medical professional liability insurance 
coverage and provides in a secondary State covered medical services 
that are within the scope of practice of such professional in the 
primary State to an athlete or an athletic team (or a staff member of 
such an athlete or athletic team) pursuant to an agreement described in 
subsection (c)(4) with respect to such athlete or athletic team--
        (1) such medical professional liability insurance coverage 
    shall cover (subject to any related premium adjustments) such 
    professional with respect to such covered medical services provided 
    by the professional in the secondary State to such an individual or 
    team as if such services were provided by such professional in the 
    primary State to such an individual or team; and
        (2) to the extent such professional is licensed under the 
    requirements of the primary State to provide such services to such 
    an individual or team, the professional shall be treated as 
    satisfying any licensure requirements of the secondary State to 
    provide such services to such an individual or team to the extent 
    the licensure requirements of the secondary State are substantially 
    similar to the licensure requirements of the primary State.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed--
        (1) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to provide 
    medical services in the secondary State that exceed the scope of 
    that professional's license in the primary State;
        (2) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to provide 
    medical services in the secondary State that exceed the scope of a 
    substantially similar sports medicine professional license in the 
    secondary State;
        (3) to supersede any reciprocity agreement in effect between 
    the two States regarding such services or such professionals;
        (4) to supersede any interstate compact agreement entered into 
    by the two States regarding such services or such professionals; or
        (5) to supersede a licensure exemption the secondary State 
    provides for sports medicine professionals licensed in the primary 
    State.
    (c) Definitions.--In this division, the following definitions 
apply:
        (1) Athlete.--The term ``athlete'' means--
            (A) an individual participating in a sporting event or 
        activity for which the individual may be paid;
            (B) an individual participating in a sporting event or 
        activity sponsored or sanctioned by a national governing body; 
        or
            (C) an individual for whom a high school or institution of 
        higher education provides a covered sports medicine 
        professional.
        (2) Athletic team.--The term ``athletic team'' means a sports 
    team--
            (A) composed of individuals who are paid to participate on 
        the team;
            (B) composed of individuals who are participating in a 
        sporting event or activity sponsored or sanctioned by a 
        national governing body; or
            (C) for which a high school or an institution of higher 
        education provides a covered sports medicine professional.
        (3) Covered medical services.--The term ``covered medical 
    services'' means general medical care, emergency medical care, 
    athletic training, or physical therapy services. Such term does not 
    include care provided by a covered sports medicine professional--
            (A) at a health care facility; or
            (B) while a health care provider licensed to practice in 
        the secondary State is transporting the injured individual to a 
        health care facility.
        (4) Covered sports medicine professional.--The term ``covered 
    sports medicine professional'' means a physician, athletic trainer, 
    or other health care professional who--
            (A) is licensed to practice in the primary State;
            (B) provides covered medical services, pursuant to a 
        written agreement with an athlete, an athletic team, a national 
        governing body, a high school, or an institution of higher 
        education; and
            (C) prior to providing the covered medical services 
        described in subparagraph (B), has disclosed the nature and 
        extent of such services to the entity that provides the 
        professional with liability insurance in the primary State.
        (5) Health care facility.--The term ``health care facility'' 
    means a facility in which medical care, diagnosis, or treatment is 
    provided on an inpatient or outpatient basis. Such term does not 
    include facilities at an arena, stadium, or practice facility, or 
    temporary facilities existing for events where athletes or athletic 
    teams may compete.
        (6) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of 
    higher education'' has the meaning given such term in section 101 
    of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
        (7) License.--The term ``license'' or ``licensure'', as applied 
    with respect to a covered sports medicine professional, means a 
    professional that has met the requirements and is approved to 
    provide covered medical services in accordance with State laws and 
    regulations in the primary State. Such term may include the 
    registration or certification, or any other form of special 
    recognition, of an individual as such a professional, as 
    applicable.
        (8) National governing body.--The term ``national governing 
    body'' has the meaning given such term in section 220501 of title 
    36, United States Code.
        (9) Primary state.--The term ``primary State'' means, with 
    respect to a covered sports medicine professional, the State in 
    which--
            (A) the covered sports medicine professional is licensed to 
        practice; and
            (B) the majority of the covered sports medicine 
        professional's practice is underwritten for medical 
        professional liability insurance coverage.
        (10) Secondary state.--The term ``secondary State'' means, with 
    respect to a covered sports medicine professional, any State that 
    is not the primary State.
        (11) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several 
    States, the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth, territory, 
    or possession of the United States.
        (12) Substantially similar.--The term ``substantially 
    similar'', with respect to the licensure by primary and secondary 
    States of a sports medicine professional, means that both the 
    primary and secondary States have in place a form of licensure for 
    such professionals that permits such professionals to provide 
    covered medical services.

              DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

    SEC. 101. DEFINITION OF APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.
    In this division, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' 
means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives.

                        TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS
                  Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

    SEC. 111. AIRPORT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AND NOISE COMPATIBILITY 
      PLANNING AND PROGRAMS.
    (a) Authorization.--Section 48103(a) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``section 47504(c)'' and all that follows 
through the period at the end and inserting the following: ``section 
47504(c)--
        ``(1) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
        ``(2) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
        ``(3) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
        ``(4) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
        ``(5) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
        ``(6) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Obligation Authority.--Section 47104(c) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by 
striking ``2018,'' and inserting ``2023,''.
    SEC. 112. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.
    (a) Authorization of Appropriations From Airport and Airway Trust 
Fund.--Section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking paragraphs (1) through (5) and inserting the following:
        ``(1) $3,330,000,000 for fiscal year 2018.
        ``(2) $3,398,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
        ``(3) $3,469,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
        ``(4) $3,547,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
        ``(5) $3,624,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
        ``(6) $3,701,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 48101(c) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
        (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Automated Surface 
    Observation System/Automated Weather Observing System Upgrade'' and 
    inserting ``Authorized Expenditures''; and
        (2) by striking ``may be used for the implementation'' and all 
    that follows through the period at the end and inserting the 
    following: ``may be used for the following:
        ``(1) The implementation and use of upgrades to the current 
    automated surface observation system/automated weather observing 
    system, if the upgrade is successfully demonstrated.
        ``(2) The acquisition and construction of remote towers (as 
    defined in section 161 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018).
        ``(3) The remediation and elimination of identified 
    cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the air traffic control system.
        ``(4) The construction of facilities dedicated to improving the 
    cybersecurity of the National Airspace System.
        ``(5) Systems associated with the Data Communications program.
        ``(6) The infrastructure, sustainment, and the elimination of 
    the deferred maintenance backlog of air navigation facilities and 
    other facilities for which the Federal Aviation Administration is 
    responsible.
        ``(7) The modernization and digitization of the Civil Aviation 
    Registry.
        ``(8) The construction of necessary Priority 1 National 
    Airspace System facilities.
        ``(9) Cost-beneficial construction, rehabilitation, or 
    retrofitting programs designed to reduce Federal Aviation 
    Administration facility operating costs.''.
    SEC. 113. FAA OPERATIONS.
    (a) In General.--Section 106(k)(1) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(A) $10,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(B) $10,486,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(C) $10,732,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(D) $11,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(E) $11,269,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(F) $11,537,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 106(k)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(D) Not more than the following amounts for commercial 
        space transportation activities:
                ``(i) $22,587,000 for fiscal year 2018.
                ``(ii) $33,038,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                ``(iii) $43,500,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                ``(iv) $54,970,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                ``(v) $64,449,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                ``(vi) $75,938,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (c) Authority to Transfer Funds.--Section 106(k)(3) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``fiscal years 2012 through 
2018,'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2018 through 2023,''.
    SEC. 114. WEATHER REPORTING PROGRAMS.
    Section 48105 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``To reimburse the'' and all that follows 
    through ``the Secretary of Transportation'' and inserting ``To 
    sustain the aviation weather reporting programs of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration, the Secretary of Transportation''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) $39,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 
    2023.''.
    SEC. 115. ADJUSTMENT TO AIP PROGRAM FUNDING.
    Section 48112 of title 49, United States Code, and the item 
relating to such section in the analysis for chapter 481 of such title, 
are repealed.
    SEC. 116. FUNDING FOR AVIATION PROGRAMS.
    Section 48114(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``in fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year 
thereafter'' and inserting ``in fiscal years 2014 through 2018''.
    SEC. 117. EXTENSION OF EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.
    (a) Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.--Section 47115 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking subsection (i);
        (2) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (i); and
        (3) in subsection (i) (as so redesignated), by striking 
    ``fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and inserting ``fiscal years 
    2018 through 2023''.
    (b) Extension of Compatible Land Use Planning and Projects by State 
and Local Governments.--Section 47141(f) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
``September 30, 2023''.
    (c) Midway Island Airport.--Section 186(d) of the Vision 100--
Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (Public Law 108-176; 117 Stat. 
2518) is amended by striking ``for fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and 
inserting ``for fiscal years 2018 through 2023''.
    (d) Extension of Pilot Program for Redevelopment of Airport 
Properties.--Section 822(k) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
2012 (49 U.S.C. 47141 note) is amended by striking ``September 30, 
2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.

                 Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

    SEC. 121. PASSENGER FACILITY CHARGE MODERNIZATION.
    (a) Passenger Facility Charges; General Authority.--Section 
40117(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``, 
    if the Secretary finds--'' and inserting a period; and
        (2) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    (b) Pilot Program for Passenger Facility Charge Authorizations at 
Nonhub Airports.--Section 40117(l) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) in the heading, by striking ``at Nonhub Airports'';
        (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``nonhub''; and
        (3) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Not later than 180 days 
    after the date of enactment of this subsection, the'' and inserting 
    ``The''.
    SEC. 122. FUTURE AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING STUDY.
    (a) Future Aviation Infrastructure and Financing Study.--Not later 
than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall enter into an agreement with a qualified 
organization to conduct a study assessing the infrastructure needs of 
airports and existing financial resources for commercial service 
airports and make recommendations on the actions needed to upgrade the 
national aviation infrastructure system to meet the growing and 
shifting demands of the 21st century.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the study, the qualified 
organization shall convene and consult with a panel of national 
experts, including representatives of--
        (1) nonhub airports;
        (2) small hub airports;
        (3) medium hub airports;
        (4) large hub airports;
        (5) airports with international service;
        (6) nonprimary airports;
        (7) local elected officials;
        (8) relevant labor organizations;
        (9) passengers;
        (10) air carriers;
        (11) the tourism industry; and
        (12) the business travel industry.
    (c) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the qualified 
organization shall consider--
        (1) the ability of airport infrastructure to meet current and 
    projected passenger volumes;
        (2) the available financial tools and resources for airports of 
    different sizes;
        (3) the available financing tools and resources for airports in 
    rural areas;
        (4) the current debt held by airports, and its impact on future 
    construction and capacity needs;
        (5) the impact of capacity constraints on passengers and ticket 
    prices;
        (6) the purchasing power of the passenger facility charge from 
    the last increase in 2000 to the year of enactment of this Act;
        (7) the impact to passengers and airports of indexing the 
    passenger facility charge for inflation;
        (8) how long airports are constrained with current passenger 
    facility charge collections;
        (9) the impact of passenger facility charges on promoting 
    competition;
        (10) the additional resources or options to fund terminal 
    construction projects;
        (11) the resources eligible for use toward noise reduction and 
    emission reduction projects;
        (12) the gap between the cost of projects eligible for the 
    airport improvement program and the annual Federal funding 
    provided;
        (13) the impact of regulatory requirements on airport 
    infrastructure financing needs;
        (14) airline competition;
        (15) airline ancillary fees and their impact on ticket pricing 
    and taxable revenue; and
        (16) the ability of airports to finance necessary safety, 
    security, capacity, and environmental projects identified in 
    capital improvement plans.
    (d) Large Hub Airports.--The study shall, to the extent not 
considered under subsection (c), separately evaluate the infrastructure 
requirements of the large hub airports identified in the National Plan 
of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). The evaluation shall--
        (1) analyze the current and future capacity constraints of 
    large hub airports;
        (2) quantify large hub airports' infrastructure requirements, 
    including terminal, landside, and airside infrastructure;
        (3) quantify the percentage growth in infrastructure 
    requirements of the large hub airports relative to other commercial 
    service airports;
        (4) analyze how much funding from the airport improvement 
    program (AIP) has gone to meet the requirements of large hub 
    airports over the past 10 years; and
        (5) project how much AIP funding would be available to meet the 
    requirements of large hub airports in the next 5 years if funding 
    levels are held constant.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the qualified organization shall submit to the Secretary 
and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of 
the study described in subsection (a), including its findings and 
recommendations related to each item in subsections (c) and (d).
    (f) Definition of Qualified Organization.--In this section, the 
term ``qualified organization'' means an independent nonprofit 
organization that recommends solutions to public policy challenges 
through objective analysis.
    SEC. 123. INTERMODAL ACCESS PROJECTS.
    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall, after 
consideration of all public comments, publish in the Federal Register a 
final policy amendment consistent with the notice published in the 
Federal Register on May 3, 2016 (81 Fed. Reg. 26611).

         Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

    SEC. 131. GRANT ASSURANCES.
    Section 47107 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(17), by striking ``each contract'' and 
    inserting ``if any phase of such project has received funds under 
    this subchapter, each contract'';
        (2) in subsection (r)(3), by striking ``2018'' and inserting 
    ``2023''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(u) Construction of Recreational Aircraft.--
        ``(1) In general.--The construction of a covered aircraft shall 
    be treated as an aeronautical activity for purposes of--
            ``(A) determining an airport's compliance with a grant 
        assurance made under this section or any other provision of 
        law; and
            ``(B) the receipt of Federal financial assistance for 
        airport development.
        ``(2) Covered aircraft defined.--In this subsection, the term 
    `covered aircraft' means an aircraft--
            ``(A) used or intended to be used exclusively for 
        recreational purposes; and
            ``(B) constructed or under construction by a private 
        individual at a general aviation airport.
    ``(v) Community Use of Airport Land.--
        ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (a)(13), and 
    subject to paragraph (2), the sponsor of a public-use airport shall 
    not be considered to be in violation of this subtitle, or to be 
    found in violation of a grant assurance made under this section, or 
    under any other provision of law, as a condition for the receipt of 
    Federal financial assistance for airport development, solely 
    because the sponsor has entered into an agreement, including a 
    revised agreement, with a local government providing for the use of 
    airport property for an interim compatible recreational purpose at 
    below fair market value.
        ``(2) Restrictions.--This subsection shall apply only--
            ``(A) to an agreement regarding airport property that was 
        initially entered into before the publication of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration's Policy and Procedures Concerning the 
        Use of Airport Revenue, dated February 16, 1999;
            ``(B) if the agreement between the sponsor and the local 
        government is subordinate to any existing or future agreements 
        between the sponsor and the Secretary, including agreements 
        related to a grant assurance under this section;
            ``(C) to airport property that was acquired under a Federal 
        airport development grant program;
            ``(D) if the airport sponsor has provided a written 
        statement to the Administrator that the property made available 
        for a recreational purpose will not be needed for any 
        aeronautical purpose during the next 10 years;
            ``(E) if the agreement includes a term of not more than 2 
        years to prepare the airport property for the interim 
        compatible recreational purpose and not more than 10 years of 
        use for that purpose;
            ``(F) if the recreational purpose will not impact the 
        aeronautical use of the airport;
            ``(G) if the airport sponsor provides a certification that 
        the sponsor is not responsible for preparation, start-up, 
        operations, maintenance, or any other costs associated with the 
        recreational purpose; and
            ``(H) if the recreational purpose is consistent with 
        Federal land use compatibility criteria under section 47502.
        ``(3) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may 
    be construed as permitting a diversion of airport revenue for the 
    capital or operating costs associated with the community use of 
    airport land.''.
    SEC. 132. MOTHERS' ROOMS.
    (a) Grant Assurances.--Section 47107 of title 49, United States 
Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(w) Mothers' Rooms.--
        ``(1) In general.--In fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year 
    thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation may approve an 
    application under this subchapter for an airport development 
    project grant only if the Secretary receives written assurances 
    that the airport owner or operator will maintain--
            ``(A) a lactation area in the sterile area of each 
        passenger terminal building of the airport; and
            ``(B) a baby changing table in one men's and one women's 
        restroom in each passenger terminal building of the airport.
        ``(2) Applicability.--
            ``(A) Airport size.--The requirement in paragraph (1) shall 
        only apply to applications submitted by the airport sponsor of 
        a medium or large hub airport.
            ``(B) Preexisting facilities.--On application by an airport 
        sponsor, the Secretary may determine that a lactation area in 
        existence on the date of enactment of this Act complies with 
        the requirement in paragraph (1), notwithstanding the absence 
        of one of the facilities or characteristics referred to in the 
        definition of the term `lactation area' in this subsection.
            ``(C) Special rule.--The requirement in paragraph (1) shall 
        not apply with respect to a project grant application for a 
        period of time, determined by the Secretary, if the Secretary 
        determines that construction or maintenance activities make it 
        impracticable or unsafe for the lactation area to be located in 
        the sterile area of the building.
        ``(3) Definition.--In this section, the term--
            ``(A) `lactation area' means a room or similar 
        accommodation that--
                ``(i) provides a location for members of the public to 
            express breast milk that is shielded from view and free 
            from intrusion from the public;
                ``(ii) has a door that can be locked;
                ``(iii) includes a place to sit, a table or other flat 
            surface, a sink or sanitizing equipment, and an electrical 
            outlet;
                ``(iv) is readily accessible to and usable by 
            individuals with disabilities, including individuals who 
            use wheelchairs; and
                ``(v) is not located in a restroom; and
            ``(B) `sterile area' has the same meaning given that term 
        in section 1540.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.''.
    (b) Terminal Development Costs.--Section 47119(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Lactation areas.--In addition to the projects described 
    in paragraph (1), the Secretary may approve a project for terminal 
    development for the construction or installation of a lactation 
    area (as defined in section 47107(w)) at a commercial service 
    airport.''.
    SEC. 133. CONTRACT TOWER PROGRAM.
    (a) Air Traffic Control Contract Program.--
        (1) Special rule.--Section 47124(b)(1)(B) of title 49, United 
    States Code, is amended--
            (A) by striking ``under the program continued under this 
        paragraph'' and inserting ``under the Contract Tower Program''; 
        and
            (B) by striking ``exceeds the benefit for a period of 18 
        months after such determination is made'' and inserting the 
        following: ``exceeds the benefit--
                ``(i) for the 1-year period after such determination is 
            made; or
                ``(ii) if an appeal of such determination is requested, 
            for the 1-year period described in subsection (d)(4)(D).''.
        (2) Exemption.--Section 47124(b)(3)(D) of title 49, United 
    States Code, is amended--
            (A) by striking ``under the program'' and inserting ``under 
        the Cost-share Program''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following: ``Airports with air 
        service provided under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, and more than 25,000 passenger enplanements in 
        calendar year 2014 shall be exempt from any cost-share 
        requirement under this paragraph.''.
        (3) Construction of air traffic control towers.--
            (A) Grants.--Section 47124(b)(4)(A) of title 49, United 
        States Code, is amended in each of clauses (i)(III) and 
        (ii)(III) by inserting ``, including remote air traffic control 
        tower equipment certified by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration'' after ``1996''.
            (B) Eligibility.--Section 47124(b)(4)(B)(i)(I) of title 49, 
        United States Code, is amended by striking ``contract tower 
        program established under subsection (a) and continued under 
        paragraph (1) or the pilot program established under paragraph 
        (3)'' and inserting ``Contract Tower Program or the Cost-share 
        Program''.
            (C) Limitation on federal share.--Section 47124(b)(4) of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
        subparagraph (C).
        (4) Benefit-to-cost calculation for program applicants.--
    Section 47124(b)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
    adding at the end the following:
            ``(G) Benefit-to-cost calculation.--Not later than 90 days 
        after receiving an application to the Contract Tower Program, 
        the Secretary shall calculate a benefit-to-cost ratio (as 
        described in subsection (d)) for the applicable air traffic 
        control tower for purposes of selecting towers for 
        participation in the Contract Tower Program.''.
    (b) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--Section 47124 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--
        ``(1) Timing of evaluations.--
            ``(A) Towers participating in cost-share program.--In the 
        case of an air traffic control tower that is operated under the 
        Cost-share Program, the Secretary shall annually calculate a 
        benefit-to-cost ratio with respect to the tower.
            ``(B) Towers participating in contract tower program.--In 
        the case of an air traffic control tower that is operated under 
        the Contract Tower Program, the Secretary shall not calculate a 
        benefit-to-cost ratio after the date of enactment of this 
        subsection with respect to the tower unless the Secretary 
        determines that the annual aircraft traffic at the airport 
        where the tower is located has decreased--
                ``(i) by more than 25 percent from the previous year; 
            or
                ``(ii) by more than 55 percent cumulatively in the 
            preceding 3-year period.
        ``(2) Costs to be considered.--In establishing a benefit-to-
    cost ratio under this section with respect to an air traffic 
    control tower, the Secretary shall consider only the following 
    costs:
            ``(A) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual cost of 
        wages and benefits of personnel working at the tower.
            ``(B) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual 
        telecommunications costs directly associated with the tower.
            ``(C) The Federal Aviation Administration's costs of 
        purchasing and installing any air traffic control equipment 
        that would not have been purchased or installed except as a 
        result of the operation of the tower.
            ``(D) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual travel 
        costs associated with maintaining air traffic control equipment 
        that is owned by the Administration and would not be maintained 
        except as a result of the operation of the tower.
            ``(E) Other actual costs of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration directly associated with the tower that would 
        not be incurred except as a result of the operation of the 
        tower (excluding costs for noncontract tower-related personnel 
        and equipment, even if the personnel or equipment is located in 
        the contract tower building).
        ``(3) Other criteria to be considered.--In establishing a 
    benefit-to-cost ratio under this section with respect to an air 
    traffic control tower, the Secretary shall add a 10 percentage 
    point margin of error to the benefit-to-cost ratio determination to 
    acknowledge and account for the direct and indirect economic and 
    other benefits that are not included in the criteria the Secretary 
    used in calculating that ratio.
        ``(4) Review of cost-benefit determinations.--In issuing a 
    benefit-to-cost ratio determination under this section with respect 
    to an air traffic control tower located at an airport, the 
    Secretary shall implement the following procedures:
            ``(A) The Secretary shall provide the airport (or the State 
        or local government having jurisdiction over the airport) at 
        least 90 days following the date of receipt of the 
        determination to submit to the Secretary a request for an 
        appeal of the determination, together with updated or 
        additional data in support of the appeal.
            ``(B) Upon receipt of a request for an appeal submitted 
        pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                ``(i) transmit to the Administrator of the Federal 
            Aviation Administration any updated or additional data 
            submitted in support of the appeal; and
                ``(ii) provide the Administrator not more than 90 days 
            to review the data and provide a response to the Secretary 
            based on the review.
            ``(C) After receiving a response from the Administrator 
        pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall--
                ``(i) provide the airport, State, or local government 
            that requested the appeal at least 30 days to review the 
            response; and
                ``(ii) withhold from taking further action in 
            connection with the appeal during that 30-day period.
            ``(D) If, after completion of the appeal procedures with 
        respect to the determination, the Secretary requires the tower 
        to transition into the Cost-share Program, the Secretary shall 
        not require a cost-share payment from the airport, State, or 
        local government for 1 year following the last day of the 30-
        day period described in subparagraph (C).
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Contract tower program.--The term `Contract Tower 
    Program' means the level I air traffic control tower contract 
    program established under subsection (a) and continued under 
    subsection (b)(1).
        ``(2) Cost-share program.--The term `Cost-share Program' means 
    the cost-share program established under subsection (b)(3).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 47124(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``the program established 
    under paragraph (3)'' and inserting ``the Cost-share Program'';
        (2) in paragraph (3)--
            (A) in the heading, by striking ``contract air traffic 
        control tower program'' and inserting ``Cost-share program'';
            (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``contract tower 
        program established under subsection (a) and continued under 
        paragraph (1) (in this paragraph referred to as the `Contract 
        Tower Program')'' and inserting ``Contract Tower Program'';
            (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``In carrying out the 
        program'' and inserting ``In carrying out the Cost-share 
        Program'';
            (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``participate in the 
        program'' and inserting ``participate in the Cost-share 
        Program''; and
            (E) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``the program 
        continued under paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``the Contract 
        Tower Program''.
    (d) Approval of Certain Applications for the Contract Tower 
Program.--
        (1) In general.--If the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration has not implemented a revised cost-benefit 
    methodology for purposes of determining eligibility for the 
    Contract Tower Program before the date that is 30 days after the 
    date of enactment of this Act, any airport with an application for 
    participation in the Contract Tower Program pending as of January 
    1, 2017, shall be approved for participation in the Contract Tower 
    Program if the Administrator determines the tower is eligible under 
    the criteria set forth in the Federal Aviation Administration 
    report entitled ``Establishment and Discontinuance Criteria for 
    Airport Traffic Control Towers'', and dated August 1990 (FAA-APO-
    90-7).
        (2) Requests for additional authority.--The Administrator shall 
    respond not later than 60 days after the date the Administrator 
    receives a formal request from an airport and air traffic control 
    contractor for additional authority to expand contract tower 
    operational hours and staff to accommodate flight traffic outside 
    of current tower operational hours.
        (3) Definition of contract tower program.--In this section, the 
    term ``Contract Tower Program'' has the meaning given the term in 
    section 47124(e) of title 49, United States Code, as added by this 
    Act.
    SEC. 134. GOVERNMENT SHARE OF PROJECT COSTS.
    Section 47109(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``primary airport having at 
    least .25 percent of the total number of passenger boardings each 
    year at all commercial service airports;'' and inserting ``medium 
    or large hub airport;''; and
        (2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
        ``(5) 95 percent for a project that--
            ``(A) the Administrator determines is a successive phase of 
        a multiphase construction project for which the sponsor 
        received a grant in fiscal year 2011; and
            ``(B) for which the United States Government's share of 
        allowable project costs would otherwise be capped at 90 percent 
        under paragraph (2) or (3).''.
    SEC. 135. UPDATED VETERANS' PREFERENCE.
    Section 47112(c)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn for more'' and 
    inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve, 
    Operation Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor contingency 
    operation to such operations for more''; and
        (2) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn (whichever is later)'' 
    and inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve, 
    Operation Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor contingency 
    operation to such operations (whichever is later)''.
    SEC. 136. USE OF STATE HIGHWAY SPECIFICATIONS.
    Section 47114(d)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
        ``(5) Use of state highway specifications.--The Secretary shall 
    use the highway specifications of a State for airfield pavement 
    construction and improvement using funds made available under this 
    subsection at nonprimary airports serving aircraft that do not 
    exceed 60,000 pounds gross weight if--
            ``(A) such State requests the use of such specifications; 
        and
            ``(B) the Secretary determines that--
                ``(i) safety will not be negatively affected; and
                ``(ii) the life of the pavement, with necessary 
            maintenance and upkeep, will not be shorter than it would 
            be if constructed using Administration standards.''.
    SEC. 137. FORMER MILITARY AIRPORTS.
    Section 47118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``or'' at the end;
        (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; or''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) the airport is--
            ``(A) a former military installation that, at any time 
        after December 31, 1965, was owned and operated by the 
        Department of Defense; and
            ``(B) a nonhub primary airport.''.
    SEC. 138. ELIGIBILITY OF CCTV PROJECTS FOR AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT 
      PROGRAM.
    Section 47119(a)(1)(B) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``; and'' at the end and inserting ``; or'';
        (2) by striking ``directly related to moving passengers'' and 
    inserting the following: ``directly related to--
                ``(i) moving passengers''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(ii) installing security cameras in the public area 
            of the interior and exterior of the terminal; and''.
    SEC. 139. STATE BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM EXPANSION.
    Section 47128(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``not more than 9 qualified States for fiscal years 2000 and 
2001 and 10 qualified States for each fiscal year thereafter'' and 
inserting ``not more than 20 qualified States for each fiscal year''.
    SEC. 140. NON-MOVEMENT AREA SURVEILLANCE PILOT PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 47142 the following:
``Sec. 47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems 
     pilot program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration may carry out a pilot program to support non-Federal 
acquisition and installation of qualifying non-movement area 
surveillance surface display systems and sensors if--
        ``(1) the Administrator determines that such systems and 
    sensors would improve safety or capacity in the National Airspace 
    System; and
        ``(2) the non-movement area surveillance surface display 
    systems and sensors supplement existing movement area systems and 
    sensors at the selected airports established under other programs 
    administered by the Administrator.
    ``(b) Project Grants.--
        ``(1) In general.--For purposes of carrying out the pilot 
    program, the Administrator may make a project grant out of funds 
    apportioned under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of section 
    47114(c) to not more than 5 eligible sponsors to acquire and 
    install qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface display 
    systems and sensors. The airports selected to participate in the 
    pilot program shall have existing Administration movement area 
    systems and airlines that are participants in Federal Aviation 
    Administration's airport collaborative decision-making process.
        ``(2) Data exchange processes.--As part of the pilot program 
    carried out under this section, the Administrator may establish 
    data exchange processes to allow airport participation in the 
    Administration's airport collaborative decision-making process and 
    fusion of the non-movement surveillance data with the 
    Administration's movement area systems.
    ``(c) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on October 
1, 2023.
    ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Non-movement area.--The term `non-movement area' means 
    the portion of the airfield surface that is not under the control 
    of air traffic control.
        ``(2) Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems 
    and sensors.--The term `non-movement area surveillance surface 
    display systems and sensors' means a non-Federal surveillance 
    system that uses on-airport sensors that track vehicles or aircraft 
    that are equipped with transponders in the non-movement area.
        ``(3) Qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface display 
    system and sensors.--The term `qualifying non-movement area 
    surveillance surface display system and sensors' means a non-
    movement area surveillance surface display system that--
            ``(A) provides the required transmit and receive data 
        formats consistent with the National Airspace System 
        architecture at the appropriate service delivery point;
            ``(B) is on-airport; and
            ``(C) is airport operated.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents of 
chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 47142 the following:

``47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems pilot 
          program.''.
    SEC. 141. PROPERTY CONVEYANCE RELEASES.
    Section 817(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
U.S.C. 47125 note) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``or section 23'' and inserting ``, section 
    23''; and
        (2) by inserting ``, or section 47125 of title 49, United 
    States Code'' before the period at the end.
    SEC. 142. STUDY REGARDING TECHNOLOGY USAGE AT AIRPORTS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall initiate a study on--
        (1) technology developed by international entities (including 
    foreign nations and companies) that have been installed in American 
    airports and aviation systems over the past decade, including the 
    nation where the technology was developed and any airports 
    utilizing the technology; and
        (2) aviation safety-related technology developed and 
    implemented by international entities with proven track records of 
    success that may assist in establishing best practices to improve 
    American aviation operations and safety.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
    SEC. 143. STUDY ON AIRPORT REVENUE DIVERSION.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a 
study of--
        (1) the legal and financial challenges related to repealing the 
    exception in section 47107(b)(2) of title 49, United States Code, 
    for those airports that the Federal Aviation Administration has 
    identified are covered by the exception; and
        (2) measures that may be taken to mitigate the impact of 
    repealing the exception.
    (b) Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall 
address--
        (1) the level of revenue diversion at the airports covered by 
    the exception described in subsection (a)(1) and the uses of the 
    diverted revenue;
        (2) the terms of any bonds or financial covenants an airport 
    owner has issued relying on diverted airport revenue;
        (3) applicable local laws or ordinances requiring use of 
    airport revenue for nonairport purposes;
        (4) whether repealing the exception would improve the long-term 
    financial performance of impacted airports; and
        (5) any other practical implications of repealing the exception 
    for airports or the national aviation system.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
    SEC. 144. GAO STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GRANTING AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF 
      AERONAUTICAL SERVICES TO AN AIRPORT SPONSOR.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct 
a study to examine the cases in which an airport sponsor has exercised 
an exclusive right (commonly known as a proprietary exclusive right), 
as described in the Federal Aviation Advisory Circular 150/1590-6 
issued on January 4, 2007.
    (b) Report.--Upon completion of the study described under 
subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the findings of the study.
    SEC. 145. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SMART AIRPORTS.
    It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration and the Secretary of Transportation should 
produce a smart airports initiative plan that focuses on creating a 
more consumer-friendly and digitally connected airport experience. The 
plan should include recommendations on modernizing technologies to 
provide more efficient check-ins, shortened security lines, Wi-Fi and 
GPS upgrades, as well as improvements of aircraft turnaround for on-
time boarding and flights. The purpose of the initiative is to invest 
in technologies and infrastructure toward better-connected airports 
while providing appropriate national security and cybersecurity for 
travelers.
    SEC. 146. CRITICAL AIRFIELD MARKINGS.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a 
request for proposal for a study that includes--
        (1) an independent, third-party study to assess the durability 
    of Type III and Type I glass beads applied to critical markings 
    over a 2-year period at not fewer than 2 primary airports in 
    varying weather conditions to measure the retroreflectivity levels 
    of such markings on a quarterly basis; and
        (2) a study at 2 other airports carried out by applying Type 
    III glass beads on half of the centerline and Type I glass beads to 
    the other half and providing for assessments from pilots through 
    surveys administered by a third party as to the visibility and 
    performance of the Type III glass beads as compared to the Type I 
    glass beads over a 1-year period.
    SEC. 147. GENERAL FACILITIES AUTHORITY.
    Section 44502 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Transfers of Air Traffic Systems.--
        ``(1) In general.--An airport may transfer, without 
    consideration, to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration, an eligible air traffic system or equipment that 
    conforms to performance specifications of the Administrator if a 
    Government airport aid program, airport development aid program, or 
    airport improvement project grant was used to assist in purchasing 
    the system or equipment.
        ``(2) Acceptance.--The Administrator shall accept the eligible 
    air traffic system or equipment and operate and maintain it under 
    criteria of the Administrator.
        ``(3) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `eligible air 
    traffic system or equipment' means--
            ``(A) an instrument landing system consisting of a glide 
        slope and localizer (if the Administrator has determined that a 
        satellite navigation system cannot provide a suitable approach 
        to an airport);
            ``(B) an Automated Weather Observing System weather 
        observation system; or
            ``(C) a Remote Communication Air/Ground and Remote 
        Communication Outlet communications facility.''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Airport Space.--
        ``(1) Restriction.--The Administrator may not require an 
    airport owner or sponsor (as defined in section 47102) to provide 
    to the Federal Aviation Administration without cost any of the 
    following:
            ``(A) Building construction, maintenance, utilities, or 
        expenses for services relating to air traffic control, air 
        navigation, or weather reporting.
            ``(B) Space in a facility owned by the airport owner or 
        sponsor for services relating to air traffic control, air 
        navigation, or weather reporting.
        ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
    construed to affect--
            ``(A) any agreement the Secretary may have or make with an 
        airport owner or sponsor for the airport owner or sponsor to 
        provide any of the items described in paragraph (1)(A) or 
        (1)(B) at below-market rates; or
            ``(B) any grant assurance that requires an airport owner or 
        sponsor to provide land to the Administration without cost for 
        an air traffic control facility.''.
    SEC. 148. RECYCLING PLANS; UNCATEGORIZED SMALL AIRPORTS.
    (a) Project Grant Application Approval.--Section 47106(a) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``that includes the 
    project'' before ``, the master plan'';
        (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(7) if the project is at an airport that is listed as having 
    an unclassified status under the most recent national plan of 
    integrated airport systems (as described in section 47103), the 
    project will be funded with an amount appropriated under section 
    47114(d)(3)(B) and is--
            ``(A) for maintenance of the pavement of the primary 
        runway;
            ``(B) for obstruction removal for the primary runway;
            ``(C) for the rehabilitation of the primary runway; or
            ``(D) for a project that the Secretary considers necessary 
        for the safe operation of the airport.''.
    (b) Nonprimary Apportionment.--Section 47114(d)(3) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) During fiscal years 2019 and 2020--
                ``(i) an airport that accrued apportionment funds under 
            subparagraph (A) in fiscal year 2013 that is listed as 
            having an unclassified status under the most recent 
            national plan of integrated airport systems shall continue 
            to accrue apportionment funds under subparagraph (A) at the 
            same amount the airport accrued apportionment funds in 
            fiscal year 2013, subject to the conditions of this 
            paragraph;
                ``(ii) notwithstanding the period of availability as 
            described in section 47117(b), an amount apportioned to an 
            airport under clause (i) shall be available to the airport 
            only during the fiscal year in which the amount is 
            apportioned; and
                ``(iii) notwithstanding the waiver permitted under 
            section 47117(c)(2), an airport receiving apportionment 
            funds under clause (i) may not waive its claim to any part 
            of the apportioned funds in order to make the funds 
            available for a grant for another public-use airport.
            ``(D) An airport that re-establishes its classified status 
        shall be eligible to accrue apportionment funds pursuant to 
        subparagraph (A) so long as such airport retains its classified 
        status.''.
    SEC. 149. EVALUATION OF AIRPORT MASTER PLANS.
    Section 47106 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(h) Evaluation of Airport Master Plans.--When evaluating the 
master plan of an airport for purposes of this subchapter, the 
Secretary shall take into account--
        ``(1) the role the airport plays with respect to medical 
    emergencies and evacuations; and
        ``(2) the role the airport plays in emergency or disaster 
    preparedness in the community served by the airport.''.
    SEC. 150. DEFINITION OF SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN.
    Section 47113(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
        ``(1) `small business concern'--
            ``(A) has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
        Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632); but
            ``(B) in the case of a concern in the construction 
        industry, a concern shall be considered a small business 
        concern if the concern meets the size standard for the North 
        American Industry Classification System Code 237310, as 
        adjusted by the Small Business Administration;''.
    SEC. 151. SMALL AIRPORT REGULATION RELIEF.
    Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:
            ``(F) Special rule for fiscal years 2018 through 2020.--
        Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) and subject to subparagraph 
        (G), the Secretary shall apportion to a sponsor of an airport 
        under that subparagraph for each of fiscal years 2018 through 
        2020 an amount based on the number of passenger boardings at 
        the airport during calendar year 2012 if the airport--
                ``(i) had 10,000 or more passenger boardings during 
            calendar year 2012;
                ``(ii) had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings during 
            the calendar year used to calculate the apportionment for 
            fiscal year 2018, 2019, or 2020, as applicable, under 
            subparagraph (A); and
                ``(iii) had scheduled air service at any point in the 
            calendar year used to calculate the apportionment.
            ``(G) Limitations and waivers.--The authority to make 
        apportionments in the manner prescribed in subparagraph (F) may 
        be utilized no more than 3 years in a row. The Secretary may 
        waive this limitation if the Secretary determines that an 
        airport's enplanements are substantially close to 10,000 
        enplanements and the airport sponsor or affected communities 
        are taking reasonable steps to restore enplanements above 
        10,000.
            ``(H) Minimum apportionment for commercial service airports 
        with more than 8,000 passenger boardings in a calendar year.--
        Not less than $600,000 may be apportioned under subparagraph 
        (A) for each fiscal year to each sponsor of a commercial 
        service airport that had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings, 
        but at least 8,000 passenger boardings, during the prior 
        calendar year.''.
    SEC. 152. CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN CONTROL TOWERS.
    Section 47116(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Control tower construction.--Notwithstanding section 
    47124(b)(4)(A), the Secretary may provide grants under this section 
    to an airport sponsor participating in the contract tower program 
    under section 47124 for the construction or improvement of a 
    nonapproach control tower, as defined by the Secretary, and for the 
    acquisition and installation of air traffic control, 
    communications, and related equipment to be used in that tower. 
    Such grants shall be subject to the distribution requirements of 
    subsection (b) and the eligibility requirements of section 
    47124(b)(4)(B).''.
    SEC. 153. NONDISCRIMINATION.
    Section 47123 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``The Secretary of Transportation'' and 
    inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Indian Employment.--
        ``(1) Tribal sponsor preference.--Consistent with section 
    703(i) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(i)), 
    nothing in this section shall preclude the preferential employment 
    of Indians living on or near a reservation on a project or contract 
    at--
            ``(A) an airport sponsored by an Indian tribal government; 
        or
            ``(B) an airport located on an Indian reservation.
        ``(2) State preference.--A State may implement a preference for 
    employment of Indians on a project carried out under this 
    subchapter near an Indian reservation.
        ``(3) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consult with Indian 
    tribal governments and cooperate with the States to implement this 
    subsection.
        ``(4) Indian tribal government defined.--In this section, the 
    term `Indian tribal government' has the same meaning given that 
    term in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).''.
    SEC. 154. DEFINITION OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT.
    Section 47116(d)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
        ``(2) Airport development for eligible mountaintop airports.--
    In making grants to sponsors described in subsection (b), the 
    Secretary shall give priority consideration to mass grading and 
    associated structural support (including access road, duct banks, 
    and other related infrastructure) at mountaintop airports, provided 
    that the airport would not otherwise have sufficient surface area 
    for--
            ``(A) eligible and justified airport development projects; 
        or
            ``(B) additional hangar space.''.
    SEC. 155. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORT EXPIRED FUNDS.
    Section 47117(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``An amount'' and inserting ``(1) In general.--
    An amount'';
        (2) by striking ``If the amount'' and inserting ``Except as 
    provided in paragraph (2), if the amount''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Expired amounts apportioned for general aviation 
    airports.--
            ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
        if an amount apportioned under section 47114(d) is not 
        obligated within the time specified in paragraph (1), that 
        amount shall be added to the discretionary fund under section 
        47115 of this title, provided that--
                ``(i) amounts made available under paragraph (2)(A) 
            shall be used for grants for projects in accordance with 
            section 47115(d)(2) at airports eligible to receive an 
            apportionment under section 47114(d)(2) or (3)(A), 
            whichever is applicable; and
                ``(ii) amounts made available under paragraph (2)(A) 
            that are not obligated by July 1 of the fiscal year in 
            which the funds will expire shall be made available for all 
            projects in accordance with section 47115(d)(2).
            ``(B) State block grant program.--If an amount apportioned 
        to an airport under section 47114(d)(3)(A) is not obligated 
        within the time specified in paragraph (1), and the airport is 
        located in a State participating in the State block grant 
        program under section 47128, the amount shall be made available 
        to that State under the same conditions as if the State had 
        been apportioned the amount under section 47114(d)(3)(B).''.
    SEC. 156. PRIORITY REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN COLD WEATHER 
      STATES.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, to the extent practicable, shall schedule the 
Administrator's review of construction projects so that projects to be 
carried out in the States in which the weather during a typical 
calendar year prevents major construction projects from being carried 
out before May 1 are reviewed as early as possible.
    (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide a briefing to the 
appropriate committees of Congress annually on the effectiveness of the 
review and prioritization.
    (c) Technical Amendment.--Section 154 of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47112 note) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126 
Stat. 13) are repealed.
    SEC. 157. MINORITY AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PARTICIPATION.
    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
        (1) While significant progress has occurred due to the 
    establishment of the airport disadvantaged business enterprise 
    program (sections 47107(e) and 47113 of title 49, United States 
    Code), discrimination and related barriers continue to pose 
    significant obstacles for minority- and women-owned businesses 
    seeking to do business in airport-related markets across the 
    Nation. These continuing barriers merit the continuation of the 
    airport disadvantaged business enterprise program.
        (2) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and 
    documentation of race and gender discrimination from numerous 
    sources, including congressional hearings and roundtables, 
    scientific reports, reports issued by public and private agencies, 
    news stories, reports of discrimination by organizations and 
    individuals, and discrimination lawsuits. This testimony and 
    documentation shows that race- and gender-neutral efforts alone are 
    insufficient to address the problem.
        (3) This testimony and documentation demonstrates that 
    discrimination across the Nation poses a barrier to full and fair 
    participation in airport-related businesses of women business 
    owners and minority business owners in the racial groups detailed 
    in parts 23 and 26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and 
    has impacted firm development and many aspects of airport-related 
    business in the public and private markets.
        (4) This testimony and documentation provides a strong basis 
    that there is a compelling need for the continuation of the airport 
    disadvantaged business enterprise program and the airport 
    concessions disadvantaged business enterprise program to address 
    race and gender discrimination in airport-related business.
    (b) Prompt Payments.--
        (1) Reporting of complaints.--Not later than 120 days after the 
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration shall ensure that each airport that 
    participates in the Program tracks, and reports to the 
    Administrator, the number of covered complaints made in relation to 
    activities at that airport.
        (2) Improving compliance.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall take actions to 
        assess and improve compliance with prompt payment requirements 
        under part 26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (B) Contents of assessment.--In carrying out subparagraph 
        (A), the Administrator shall assess--
                (i) whether requirements relating to the inclusion of 
            prompt payment language in contracts are being satisfied;
                (ii) whether and how airports are enforcing prompt 
            payment requirements;
                (iii) the processes by which covered complaints are 
            received and resolved by airports;
                (iv) whether improvements need to be made to--

                    (I) better track covered complaints received by 
                airports; and
                    (II) assist the resolution of covered complaints in 
                a timely manner;

                (v) whether changes to prime contractor specifications 
            need to be made to ensure prompt payments to 
            subcontractors; and,
                (vi) whether changes to prime contractor specifications 
            need to be made to ensure prompt payment of retainage to 
            subcontractors.
            (C) Reporting.--The Administrator shall make available to 
        the public on an appropriate website operated by the 
        Administrator a report describing the results of the assessment 
        completed under this paragraph, including a plan to respond to 
        such results.
        (3) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions 
    apply:
            (A) Covered complaint.--The term ``covered complaint'' 
        means a complaint relating to an alleged failure to satisfy a 
        prompt payment requirement under part 26 of title 49, Code of 
        Federal Regulations.
            (B) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the airport 
        disadvantaged business enterprise program referenced in 
        subsection (a)(1) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 47113 note).
    SEC. 158. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCRETIONARY FUNDS.
    Section 47115 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Supplemental Discretionary Funds.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
    provide grants, subject to the conditions of this subsection, for 
    any purpose for which amounts are made available under section 
    48103 that the Secretary considers most appropriate to carry out 
    this subchapter.
        ``(2) Treatment of grants.--
            ``(A) In general.--A grant made under this subsection shall 
        be treated as having been made pursuant to the Secretary's 
        authority under section 47104(a) and from the Secretary's 
        discretionary fund under subsection (a) of this section.
            ``(B) Exception.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        subsection, grants made under this subsection shall not be 
        subject to subsection (c), section 47117(e), or any other 
        apportionment formula, special apportionment category, or 
        minimum percentage set forth in this chapter.
        ``(3) Eligibility and prioritization.--
            ``(A) Eligibility.--The Secretary may provide grants under 
        this subsection for an airport or terminal development project 
        at any airport that is eligible to receive a grant from the 
        discretionary fund under subsection (a) of this section.
            ``(B) Prioritization.--Not less than 50 percent of the 
        amounts available under this subsection shall used to provide 
        grants at--
                ``(i) airports that are eligible for apportionment 
            under section 47114(d)(3); and
                ``(ii) nonhub and small hub airports.
        ``(4) Authorization.--
            ``(A) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out this subsection the following 
        amounts:
                ``(i) $1,020,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                ``(ii) $1,041,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                ``(iii) $1,064,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                ``(iv) $1,087,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                ``(v) $1,110,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
            ``(B) Availability.--Sums authorized to be appropriated 
        under subparagraph (A) shall remain available for 2 fiscal 
        years.''.
    SEC. 159. STATE TAXATION.
    (a) In General.--Section 40116(d)(2)(A) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(v) except as otherwise provided under section 47133, levy or 
    collect a tax, fee, or charge, first taking effect after the date 
    of enactment of this clause, upon any business located at a 
    commercial service airport or operating as a permittee of such an 
    airport that is not generally imposed on sales or services by that 
    State, political subdivision, or authority unless wholly utilized 
    for airport or aeronautical purposes.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section or an amendment 
made by this section shall affect a change to a rate or other provision 
of a tax, fee, or charge under section 40116 of title 49, United States 
Code, that was enacted prior to the date of enactment of this Act. Such 
provision of a tax, fee, or charge shall continue to be subject to the 
requirements to which such provision was subject under that section as 
in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 160. AIRPORT INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--Section 47134 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Airport 
    investment partnership program'';
        (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``, with respect to not more 
    than 10 airports,'';
        (3) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``The Secretary may grant 
    an exemption to a sponsor'' and inserting ``If the Secretary grants 
    an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary 
    shall grant an exemption to the sponsor'';
        (4) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``The Secretary may grant 
    an exemption to a purchaser or lessee'' and inserting ``If the 
    Secretary grants an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to paragraph 
    (1), the Secretary shall grant an exemption to the corresponding 
    purchaser or lessee'';
        (5) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Program Participation.--
        ``(1) Multiple airports.--The Secretary may consider 
    applications under this section submitted by a public airport 
    sponsor for multiple airports under the control of the sponsor if 
    all airports under the control of the sponsor are located in the 
    same State.
        ``(2) Partial privatization.--A purchaser or lessee may be an 
    entity in which a sponsor has an interest.''; and
        (6) by striking subsections (l) and (m) and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(l) Predevelopment Limitation.--A grant to an airport sponsor 
under this subchapter for predevelopment planning costs relating to the 
preparation of an application or proposed application under this 
section may not exceed $750,000 per application or proposed 
application.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
47134 and inserting the following:

``47134. Airport investment partnership program.''.
    SEC. 161. REMOTE TOWER PILOT PROGRAM FOR RURAL AND SMALL 
      COMMUNITIES.
    (a) Pilot Program.--
        (1) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration shall establish--
            (A) in consultation with airport operators and other 
        aviation stakeholders, a pilot program at public-use airports 
        to construct and operate remote towers in order to assess their 
        operational benefits;
            (B) a selection process for participation in the pilot 
        program; and
            (C) a clear process for the safety and operational 
        certification of the remote towers.
        (2) Safety considerations.--
            (A) Safety risk management panel.--Prior to the operational 
        use of a remote tower under the pilot program established in 
        subsection (a), the Administrator shall convene a safety risk 
        management panel for the tower to address any safety issues 
        with respect to the tower. The panels shall be created and 
        utilized in a manner similar to that of the safety risk 
        management panels previously convened for remote towers and 
        shall take into account existing best practices and operational 
        data from existing remote towers in the United States.
            (B) Consultation.--In establishing the pilot program, the 
        Administrator shall consult with operators of remote towers in 
        the United States and foreign countries to design the pilot 
        program in a manner that leverages as many safety and airspace 
        efficiency benefits as possible.
        (3) Applications.--The operator of an airport seeking to 
    participate in the pilot program shall submit to the Administrator 
    an application that is in such form and contains such information 
    as the Administrator may require.
        (4) Program design.--In designing the pilot program, the 
    Administrator shall--
            (A) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that at least 
        2 different vendors of remote tower systems participate;
            (B) identify which air traffic control information and data 
        will assist the Administrator in evaluating the feasibility, 
        safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers;
            (C) implement processes necessary to collect the 
        information and data identified in subparagraph (B);
            (D) develop criteria, in addition to considering possible 
        selection criteria in paragraph (5), for the selection of 
        airports that will best assist the Administrator in evaluating 
        the feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers, 
        including the amount and variety of air traffic at an airport; 
        and
            (E) prioritize the selection of airports that can best 
        demonstrate the capabilities and benefits of remote towers, 
        including applicants proposing to operate multiple remote 
        towers from a single facility.
        (5) Selection criteria for consideration.--In selecting 
    airports for participation in the pilot program, the Administrator, 
    after consultation with representatives of labor organizations 
    representing operators and employees of the air traffic control 
    system, shall consider for participation in the pilot program--
            (A) 1 nonhub airport;
            (B) 3 airports that are not primary airports and that do 
        not have existing air traffic control towers;
            (C) 1 airport that participates in the Contract Tower 
        Program; and
            (D) 1 airport selected at the discretion of the 
        Administrator.
        (6) Data.--The Administrator shall clearly identify and collect 
    air traffic control information and data from participating 
    airports that will assist the Administrator in evaluating the 
    feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers.
        (7) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the first 
    remote tower is operational, and annually thereafter, the 
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress a report--
            (A) detailing any benefits, costs, or safety improvements 
        associated with the use of the remote towers; and
            (B) evaluating the feasibility of using remote towers, 
        particularly in the Contract Tower Program, for airports 
        without an air traffic control tower, to improve safety at 
        airports with towers, or to reduce costs without impacting 
        safety at airports with or without existing towers.
        (8) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall select airports for 
    participation in the pilot program.
        (9) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            (A) Contract tower program.--The term ``Contract Tower 
        Program'' has the meaning given the term in section 47124(e) of 
        title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
            (B) Remote tower.--The term ``remote tower'' means a 
        remotely operated air navigation facility, including all 
        necessary system components, that provides the functions and 
        capabilities of an air traffic control tower whereby air 
        traffic services are provided to operators at an airport from a 
        location that may not be on or near the airport.
            (C) Other definitions.--The terms ``nonhub airport'', 
        ``primary airport'', and ``public-use airport'' have the 
        meanings given such terms in section 47102 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
        (10) Sunset.--This subsection, including the report required 
    under paragraph (8), shall not be in effect after September 30, 
    2023.
    (b) Remote Tower Program.--Concurrent with the establishment of the 
process for safety and operational certification of remote towers under 
subsection (a)(1)(C), the Administrator shall establish a process to 
authorize the construction and commissioning of additional remote 
towers that are certificated under subsection (a)(1)(C) at other 
airports.
    (c) AIP Funding Eligibility.--For purposes of the pilot program 
under subsection (a), and after certificated remote towers are 
available under subsection (b), constructing a remote tower or 
acquiring and installing air traffic control, communications, or 
related equipment specifically for a remote tower shall be considered 
airport development (as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United 
States Code) for purposes of subchapter I of chapter 471 of that title 
if the components are installed and used at the airport, except, as 
needed, for off-airport sensors installed on leased towers.
    SEC. 162. AIRPORT ACCESS ROADS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS.
    Notwithstanding section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, for 
fiscal years 2018 through 2023--
        (1) the definition of the term ``airport development'' under 
    that section includes the construction of a storage facility to 
    shelter snow removal equipment or aircraft rescue and firefighting 
    equipment that is owned by an airport sponsor and used exclusively 
    to maintain safe airfield operations, up to the facility size 
    necessary to accommodate the types and quantities of equipment 
    prescribed by the FAA, regardless of whether Federal funding was 
    used to acquire the equipment;
        (2) a storage facility to shelter snow removal equipment may 
    exceed the facility size limitation described in paragraph (1) if 
    the airport sponsor certifies to the Secretary that the following 
    conditions are met:
            (A) The storage facility to be constructed will be used to 
        store snow removal equipment exclusively used for clearing 
        airfield pavement of snow and ice following a weather event.
            (B) The airport is categorized as a local general aviation 
        airport in the Federal Aviation Administration's 2017-2021 
        National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) report.
            (C) The 30-year annual snowfall normal of the nearest 
        weather station based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration Summary of Monthly Normals 1981-2010 exceeds 26 
        inches.
            (D) The airport serves as a base for a medical air 
        ambulance transport aircraft.
            (E) The airport master record (Form 5010-1) effective on 
        September 14, 2017 for the airport indicates 45 based aircraft 
        consisting of single engine, multiple engine, and jet engine 
        aircraft.
            (F) No funding under this section will be used for any 
        portion of the storage facility designed to shelter maintenance 
        and operations equipment that are not required for clearing 
        airfield pavement of snow and ice.
            (G) The airport sponsor will complete design of the storage 
        building not later than September 30, 2019, and will initiate 
        construction of the storage building not later than September 
        30, 2020.
            (H) The area of the storage facility, or portion thereof, 
        to be funded under this subsection does not exceed 6,000 square 
        feet; and
        (3) the definition of the term ``terminal development'' under 
    that section includes the development of an airport access road 
    that--
            (A) is located in a noncontiguous State;
            (B) is not more than 5 miles in length;
            (C) connects to the nearest public roadways of not more 
        than the 2 closest census designated places; and
            (D) may provide incidental access to public or private 
        property that is adjacent to the road and is not otherwise 
        connected to a public road.
    SEC. 163. LIMITED REGULATION OF NON-FEDERALLY SPONSORED PROPERTY.
    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the 
Secretary of Transportation may not directly or indirectly regulate--
        (1) the acquisition, use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or 
    disposal of land by an airport owner or operator;
        (2) any facility upon such land; or
        (3) any portion of such land or facility.
    (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) does not apply to--
        (1) any regulation ensuring--
            (A) the safe and efficient operation of aircraft or safety 
        of people and property on the ground related to aircraft 
        operations;
            (B) that an airport owner or operator receives not less 
        than fair market value in the context of a commercial 
        transaction for the use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or 
        disposal of land, any facilities on such land, or any portion 
        of such land or facilities; or
            (C) that the airport pays not more than fair market value 
        in the context of a commercial transaction for the acquisition 
        of land or facilities on such land;
        (2) any regulation imposed with respect to land or a facility 
    acquired or modified using Federal funding; or
        (3) any authority contained in--
            (A) a Surplus Property Act instrument of transfer, or
            (B) section 40117 of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to affect the applicability of sections 47107(b) or 47133 of 
title 49, United States Code, to revenues generated by the use, lease, 
encumbrance, transfer, or disposal of land under subsection (a), 
facilities upon such land, or any portion of such land or facilities.
    (d) Amendments to Airport Layout Plans.--Section 47107(a)(16) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
            ``(B) the Secretary will review and approve or disapprove 
        only those portions of the plan (or any subsequent revision to 
        the plan) that materially impact the safe and efficient 
        operation of aircraft at, to, or from the airport or that would 
        adversely affect the safety of people or property on the ground 
        adjacent to the airport as a result of aircraft operations, or 
        that adversely affect the value of prior Federal investments to 
        a significant extent;'';
        (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``if the alteration'' and 
    all that follows through ``airport; and'' and inserting the 
    following: ``unless the alteration--
                ``(i) is outside the scope of the Secretary's review 
            and approval authority as set forth in subparagraph (B); or
                ``(ii) complies with the portions of the plan approved 
            by the Secretary; and''; and
        (3) in subparagraph (D), in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
    striking ``when an alternation'' and all that follows through 
    ``Secretary, will'' and inserting ``when an alteration in the 
    airport or its facility is made that is within the scope of the 
    Secretary's review and approval authority as set forth in 
    subparagraph (B), and does not conform with the portions of the 
    plan approved by the Secretary, and the Secretary decides that the 
    alteration adversely affects the safety, utility, or efficiency of 
    aircraft operations, or of any property on or off the airport that 
    is owned, leased, or financed by the Government, then the owner or 
    operator will, if requested by the Secretary''.
    SEC. 164. SEASONAL AIRPORTS.
    Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(I) Seasonal airports.--Notwithstanding section 47102, if 
        the Secretary determines that a commercial service airport with 
        at least 8,000 passenger boardings receives scheduled air 
        carrier service for fewer than 6 months in the calendar year 
        used to calculate apportionments to airport sponsors in a 
        fiscal year, then the Secretary shall consider the airport to 
        be a nonhub primary airport for purposes of this chapter.''.
    SEC. 165. AMENDMENTS TO DEFINITIONS.
    Section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (3)--
            (A) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``7505a) and if such 
        project will result in an airport receiving appropriate'' and 
        inserting ``7505a)) and if the airport would be able to 
        receive'';
            (B) by striking subparagraph (L) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(L) a project by a commercial service airport for the 
        acquisition of airport-owned vehicles or ground support 
        equipment equipped with low-emission technology if the airport 
        is located in an air quality nonattainment or maintenance area 
        (as defined in sections 171(2) and 175A of the Clean Air Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 7501(2); 7505a)), if the airport would be able to 
        receive appropriate emission credits (as described in section 
        47139), and the vehicles are;
                ``(i) used exclusively on airport property; or
                ``(ii) used exclusively to transport passengers and 
            employees between the airport and the airport's 
            consolidated rental car facility or an intermodal surface 
            transportation facility adjacent to the airport.''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(P) an on-airport project to improve the reliability and 
        efficiency of the airport's power supply and to prevent power 
        disruptions to the airfield, passenger terminal, and any other 
        airport facilities, including the acquisition and installation 
        of electrical generators, separation of the airport's main 
        power supply from its redundant power supply, and the 
        construction or modification of airport facilities to install a 
        microgrid (as defined in section 641 of the United States 
        Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231)).
            ``(Q) converting or retrofitting vehicles and ground 
        support equipment into eligible zero-emission vehicles and 
        equipment (as defined in section 47136) and for acquiring, by 
        purchase or lease, eligible zero-emission vehicles and 
        equipment.
            ``(R) predevelopment planning, including financial, legal, 
        or procurement consulting services, related to an application 
        or proposed application for an exemption under section 
        47134.'';
        (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``regulations'' and inserting 
    ``requirements''; and
        (3) in paragraph (8), by striking ``public'' and inserting 
    ``public-use''.
    SEC. 166. PILOT PROGRAM SUNSETS.
    (a) In General.--Sections 47136 and 47140 of title 49, United 
States Code, are repealed.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Sections 47136a and 47140a of title 49, United States Code, 
    are redesignated as sections 47136 and 47140, respectively.
        (2) Section 47139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (A) by striking subsection (c); and
            (B) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).
    (c) Clerical Amendments.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking the items relating to sections 47136, 47136a, 
    47140, and 47140a;
        (2) by inserting after the item relating to section 47135 the 
    following:

``47136. Zero-emission airport vehicles and infrastructure.''; and

        (3) by inserting after the item relating to section 47139 the 
    following:

``47140. Increasing the energy efficiency of airport power sources.''.
    SEC. 167. BUY AMERICA REQUIREMENTS.
    (a) Notice of Waivers.--If the Secretary of Transportation 
determines that it is necessary to waive the application of section 
50101(a) of title 49, United States Code, based on a finding under 
section 50101(b) of that title, the Secretary, at least 10 days before 
the date on which the waiver takes effect, shall--
        (1) make publicly available, in an easily identifiable location 
    on the website of the Department of Transportation, a detailed 
    written justification of the waiver determination; and
        (2) provide an informal public notice and comment opportunity 
    on the waiver determination.
    (b) Annual Report.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on waivers 
issued under section 50101 of title 49, United States Code, during the 
fiscal year.

        Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

    SEC. 171. FUNDING ELIGIBILITY FOR AIRPORT ENERGY EFFICIENCY 
      ASSESSMENTS.
    (a) Cost Reimbursements.--Section 47140(a) of title 49, United 
States Code, as so redesignated, is amended by striking ``airport.'' 
and inserting ``airport, and to reimburse the airport sponsor for the 
costs incurred in conducting the assessment.''.
    (b) Safety Priority.--Section 47140(b)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, as so redesignated, is amended by inserting ``, including 
a certification that no safety projects are being be deferred by 
requesting a grant under this section,'' after ``an application''.
    SEC. 172. AUTHORIZATION OF CERTAIN FLIGHTS BY STAGE 2 AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding chapter 475 of title 49, United 
States Code, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall initiate a pilot program to permit an operator of a stage 2 
aircraft to operate that aircraft in nonrevenue service into not more 
than 4 medium hub airports or nonhub airports if--
        (1) the airport--
            (A) is certified under part 139 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations;
            (B) has a runway that--
                (i) is longer than 8,000 feet and not less than 200 
            feet wide; and
                (ii) is load bearing with a pavement classification 
            number of not less than 38; and
            (C) has a maintenance facility with a maintenance 
        certificate issued under part 145 of such title; and
        (2) the operator of the stage 2 aircraft operates not more than 
    10 flights per month using that aircraft.
    (b) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the earlier 
of--
        (1) the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment 
    of this Act; or
        (2) the date on which the Administrator determines that no 
    stage 2 aircraft remain in service.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Medium hub airport; nonhub airport.--The terms ``medium hub 
    airport'' and ``nonhub airport'' have the meanings given those 
    terms in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
        (2) Stage 2 aircraft.--The term ``stage 2 aircraft'' has the 
    meaning given the term ``stage 2 airplane'' in section 91.851 of 
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the day 
    before the date of the enactment of this Act).
    SEC. 173. ALTERNATIVE AIRPLANE NOISE METRIC EVALUATION DEADLINE.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall complete the 
ongoing evaluation of alternative metrics to the current Day Night 
Level (DNL) 65 standard.
    SEC. 174. UPDATING AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE MAPS.
    Section 47503(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(b) Revised Maps.--
        ``(1) In general.--An airport operator that submits a noise 
    exposure map under subsection (a) shall submit a revised map to the 
    Secretary if, in an area surrounding an airport, a change in the 
    operation of the airport would establish a substantial new 
    noncompatible use, or would significantly reduce noise over 
    existing noncompatible uses, that is not reflected in either the 
    existing conditions map or forecast map currently on file with the 
    Federal Aviation Administration.
        ``(2) Timing.--A submission under paragraph (1) shall be 
    required only if the relevant change in the operation of the 
    airport occurs during--
            ``(A) the forecast period of the applicable noise exposure 
        map submitted by an airport operator under subsection (a); or
            ``(B) the implementation period of the airport operator's 
        noise compatibility program.''.
    SEC. 175. ADDRESSING COMMUNITY NOISE CONCERNS.
    When proposing a new area navigation departure procedure, or 
amending an existing procedure that would direct aircraft between the 
surface and 6,000 feet above ground level over noise sensitive areas, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall consider 
the feasibility of dispersal headings or other lateral track variations 
to address community noise concerns, if--
        (1) the affected airport operator, in consultation with the 
    affected community, submits a request to the Administrator for such 
    a consideration;
        (2) the airport operator's request would not, in the judgment 
    of the Administrator, conflict with the safe and efficient 
    operation of the national airspace system; and
        (3) the effect of a modified departure procedure would not 
    significantly increase noise over noise sensitive areas, as 
    determined by the Administrator.
    SEC. 176. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FAA NEXTGEN PROJECTS LOCATED IN 
      METROPLEXES.
    (a) Community Involvement Policy.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall complete a review of the Federal Aviation 
Administration's community involvement practices for Next Generation 
Air Transportation System (NextGen) projects located in metroplexes 
identified by the Administration. The review shall include, at a 
minimum, a determination of how and when to engage airports and 
communities in performance-based navigation proposals.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 60 days after completion of the review, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on--
        (1) how the Administration will improve community involvement 
    practices for NextGen projects located in metroplexes;
        (2) how and when the Administration will engage airports and 
    communities in performance-based navigation proposals; and
        (3) lessons learned from NextGen projects and pilot programs 
    and how those lessons learned are being integrated into community 
    involvement practices for future NextGen projects located in 
    metroplexes.
    SEC. 177. LEAD EMISSIONS.
    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into 
appropriate arrangements with the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine under which the National Research Council 
will study aviation gasoline.
    (b) Contents.--The study shall include an assessment of--
        (1) existing non-leaded fuel alternatives to the aviation 
    gasoline used by piston-powered general aviation aircraft;
        (2) ambient lead concentrations at and around airports where 
    piston-powered general aviation aircraft are used; and
        (3) mitigation measures to reduce ambient lead concentrations, 
    including increasing the size of run-up areas, relocating run-up 
    areas, imposing restrictions on aircraft using aviation gasoline, 
    and increasing the use of motor gasoline in piston-powered general 
    aviation aircraft.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress the study developed by the National Research 
Council pursuant to this section.
    SEC. 178. TERMINAL SEQUENCING AND SPACING.
    Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall provide a 
briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress on the status of 
Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS) implementation across all 
completed NextGen metroplexes with specific information provided by 
airline regarding the adoption and equipping of aircraft and the 
training of pilots in its use.
    SEC. 179. AIRPORT NOISE MITIGATION AND SAFETY STUDY.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall initiate a study to review and evaluate existing studies and 
analyses of the relationship between jet aircraft approach and takeoff 
speeds and corresponding noise impacts on communities surrounding 
airports.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study initiated under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall determine--
        (1) whether a decrease in jet aircraft approach or takeoff 
    speeds results in significant aircraft noise reductions;
        (2) whether the jet aircraft approach or takeoff speed 
    reduction necessary to achieve significant noise reductions--
            (A) jeopardizes aviation safety; or
            (B) decreases the efficiency of the National Airspace 
        System, including lowering airport capacity, increasing travel 
        times, or increasing fuel burn;
        (3) the advisability of using jet aircraft approach or takeoff 
    speeds as a noise mitigation technique; and
        (4) if the Administrator determines that using jet aircraft 
    approach or takeoff speeds as a noise mitigation technique is 
    advisable, whether any of the metropolitan areas specifically 
    identified in section 189(b)(2) would benefit from such a noise 
    mitigation technique without a significant impact to aviation 
    safety or the efficiency of the National Airspace System.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study initiated under 
subsection (a).
    SEC. 180. REGIONAL OMBUDSMEN.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, with respect to each region of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, the Regional Administrator for that region shall 
designate an individual to be the Regional Ombudsman for the region.
    (b) Requirements.--Each Regional Ombudsman shall--
        (1) serve as a regional liaison with the public, including 
    community groups, on issues regarding aircraft noise, pollution, 
    and safety;
        (2) make recommendations to the Administrator for the region to 
    address concerns raised by the public and improve the consideration 
    of public comments in decision-making processes; and
        (3) be consulted on proposed changes in aircraft operations 
    affecting the region, including arrival and departure routes, in 
    order to minimize environmental impacts, including noise.
    SEC. 181. FAA LEADERSHIP ON CIVIL SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall exercise leadership in the creation of Federal and 
international policies, regulations, and standards relating to the 
certification and safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic 
aircraft.
    (b) Exercise of Leadership.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) consider the needs of the aerospace industry and other 
    stakeholders when creating policies, regulations, and standards 
    that enable the safe commercial deployment of civil supersonic 
    aircraft technology and the safe and efficient operation of civil 
    supersonic aircraft; and
        (2) obtain the input of aerospace industry stakeholders 
    regarding--
            (A) the appropriate regulatory framework and timeline for 
        permitting the safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic 
        aircraft within United States airspace, including updating or 
        modifying existing regulations on such operation;
            (B) issues related to standards and regulations for the 
        type certification and safe operation of civil supersonic 
        aircraft, including noise certification, including--
                (i) the operational differences between subsonic 
            aircraft and supersonic aircraft;
                (ii) costs and benefits associated with landing and 
            takeoff noise requirements for civil supersonic aircraft, 
            including impacts on aircraft emissions;
                (iii) public and economic benefits of the operation of 
            civil supersonic aircraft and associated aerospace industry 
            activity; and
                (iv) challenges relating to ensuring that standards and 
            regulations aimed at relieving and protecting the public 
            health and welfare from aircraft noise and sonic booms are 
            economically reasonable, technologically practicable, and 
            appropriate for civil supersonic aircraft; and
            (C) other issues identified by the Administrator or the 
        aerospace industry that must be addressed to enable the safe 
        commercial deployment and safe and efficient operation of civil 
        supersonic aircraft.
    (c) International Leadership.--The Administrator, in the 
appropriate international forums, shall take actions that--
        (1) demonstrate global leadership under subsection (a);
        (2) address the needs of the aerospace industry identified 
    under subsection (b); and
        (3) protect the public health and welfare.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing--
        (1) the Administrator's actions to exercise leadership in the 
    creation of Federal and international policies, regulations, and 
    standards relating to the certification and safe and efficient 
    operation of civil supersonic aircraft;
        (2) planned, proposed, and anticipated actions to update or 
    modify existing policies and regulations related to civil 
    supersonic aircraft, including those identified as a result of 
    industry consultation and feedback; and
        (3) a timeline for any actions to be taken to update or modify 
    existing policies and regulations related to civil supersonic 
    aircraft.
    (e) Long-term Regulatory Reform.--
        (1) Noise standards.--Not later than March 31, 2020, the 
    Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to revise 
    part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to include 
    supersonic aircraft in the applicability of such part. The proposed 
    rule shall include necessary definitions, noise standards for 
    landing and takeoff, and noise test requirements that would apply 
    to a civil supersonic aircraft.
        (2) Special flight authorizations.--Not later than December 31, 
    2019, the Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking 
    to revise appendix B of part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal 
    Regulations, to modernize the application process for a person 
    applying to operate a civil aircraft at supersonic speeds for the 
    purposes stated in that rule.
    (f) Near-Term Certification of Supersonic Civil Aircraft.--
        (1) In general.--If a person submits an application requesting 
    type certification of a civil supersonic aircraft pursuant to part 
    21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, before the 
    Administrator promulgates a final rule amending part 36 of title 
    14, Code of Federal Regulations, in accordance with subsection 
    (e)(1), the Administrator shall, not later than 18 months after 
    having received such application, issue a notice of proposed 
    rulemaking applicable solely for the type certification, inclusive 
    of the aircraft engines, of the supersonic aircraft design for 
    which such application was made.
        (2) Contents.--A notice of proposed rulemaking described in 
    paragraph (1) shall--
            (A) address safe operation of the aircraft type, including 
        development and flight testing prior to type certification;
            (B) address manufacturing of the aircraft;
            (C) address continuing airworthiness of the aircraft;
            (D) specify landing and takeoff noise standards for that 
        aircraft type that the Administrator considers appropriate, 
        practicable, and consistent with section 44715 of title 49, 
        United States Code; and
            (E) consider differences between subsonic and supersonic 
        aircraft including differences in thrust requirements at 
        equivalent gross weight, engine requirements, aerodynamic 
        characteristics, operational characteristics, and other 
        physical properties.
        (3) Noise and performance data.--The requirement of the 
    Administrator to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking under 
    paragraph (1) shall apply only if an application contains 
    sufficient aircraft noise and performance data as the Administrator 
    finds necessary to determine appropriate noise standards and 
    operating limitations for the aircraft type consistent with section 
    44715 of title 49, United States Code.
        (4) Final rule.--Not later than 18 months after the end of the 
    public comment period provided in the notice of proposed rulemaking 
    required under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall publish in 
    the Federal Register a final rule applying solely to the aircraft 
    model submitted for type certification.
        (5) Review of rules of civil supersonic flights.--Beginning 
    December 31, 2020, and every 2 years thereafter, the Administrator 
    shall review available aircraft noise and performance data, and 
    consult with heads of appropriate Federal agencies, to determine 
    whether section 91.817 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, 
    and Appendix B of part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, 
    may be amended, consistent with section 44715 of title 49, United 
    States Code, to permit supersonic flight of civil aircraft over 
    land in the United States.
        (6) Implementation of noise standards.--The portion of the 
    regulation issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration titled ``Revision of General Operating and Flight 
    Rules'' and published in the Federal Register on August 18, 1989 
    (54 Fed. Reg. 34284) that restricts operation of civil aircraft at 
    a true flight Mach number greater than 1 shall have no force or 
    effect beginning on the date on which the Administrator publishes 
    in the Federal Register a final rule specifying sonic boom noise 
    standards for civil supersonic aircraft.
    SEC. 182. MANDATORY USE OF THE NEW YORK NORTH SHORE HELICOPTER 
      ROUTE.
    (a) Public Comment Period.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration shall provide notice of, and an opportunity for, at 
    least 60 days of public comment with respect to the regulations in 
    subpart H of part 93 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (2) Timing.--The public comment period required under paragraph 
    (1) shall begin not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
    of this Act.
    (b) Public Hearing.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall hold a public hearing in 
the communities impacted by the regulations described in subsection 
(a)(1) to solicit feedback with respect to the regulations.
    (c) Review.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the regulations 
described in subsection (a)(1) that assesses the--
        (1) noise impacts of the regulations for communities, including 
    communities in locations where aircraft are transitioning to or 
    from a destination or point of landing;
        (2) enforcement of applicable flight standards, including 
    requirements for helicopters operating on the relevant route to 
    remain at or above 2,500 feet mean sea level; and
        (3) availability of alternative or supplemental routes to 
    reduce the noise impacts of the regulations, including the 
    institution of an all water route over the Atlantic Ocean.
    SEC. 183. STATE STANDARDS FOR AIRPORT PAVEMENTS.
    Section 47105(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The Secretary'' 
    the first place it appears; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Pavement standards.--
            ``(A) Technical assistance.--At the request of a State, the 
        Secretary shall, not later than 30 days after the date of the 
        request, provide technical assistance to the State in 
        developing standards, acceptable to the Secretary under 
        subparagraph (B), for pavement on nonprimary public-use 
        airports in the State.
            ``(B) Requirements.--The Secretary shall--
                ``(i) continue to provide technical assistance under 
            subparagraph (A) until the standards are approved under 
            paragraph (1); and
                ``(ii) clearly indicate to the State the standards that 
            are acceptable to the Secretary, considering, at a minimum, 
            local conditions and locally available materials.''.
    SEC. 184. ELIGIBILITY OF PILOT PROGRAM AIRPORTS.
    (a) Discretionary Fund.--Section 47115 of title 49, United States 
Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Partnership Program Airports.--
        ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary may make grants with funds made 
    available under this section for an airport participating in the 
    program under section 47134 if--
            ``(A) the Secretary has approved the application of an 
        airport sponsor under section 47134(b) in fiscal year 2019; and
            ``(B) the grant will--
                ``(i) satisfy an obligation incurred by an airport 
            sponsor under section 47110(e) or funded by a nonpublic 
            sponsor for an airport development project on the airport; 
            or
                ``(ii) provide partial Federal reimbursement for 
            airport development (as defined in section 47102) on the 
            airport layout plan initiated in the fiscal year in which 
            the application was approved, or later, for over a period 
            of not more than 10 years.
        ``(2) Nonapplicability of certain sections.--Grants made under 
    this subsection shall not be subject to--
            ``(A) subsection (c) of this section;
            ``(B) section 47117(e); or
            ``(C) any other apportionment formula, special 
        apportionment category, or minimum percentage set forth in this 
        chapter.''.
    (b) Allowable Project Costs; Letters of Intent.--Section 47110(e) 
of such title is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(7) Partnership Program Airports.--The Secretary may issue a 
letter of intent under this section to an airport sponsor with an 
approved application under section 47134(b) if--
        ``(A) the application was approved in fiscal year 2019; and
        ``(B) the project meets all other requirements set forth in 
    this chapter.''.
    SEC. 185. GRANDFATHERING OF CERTAIN DEED AGREEMENTS GRANTING 
      THROUGH-THE-FENCE ACCESS TO GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.
    Section 47107(s) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Exemption.--The terms and conditions of paragraph (2) 
    shall not apply to an agreement described in paragraph (1) made 
    before the enactment of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
    2012 (Public Law 112-95) that the Secretary determines does not 
    comply with such terms and conditions but involves property that is 
    subject to deed or lease restrictions that are considered perpetual 
    and that cannot readily be brought into compliance. However, if the 
    Secretary determines that the airport sponsor and residential 
    property owners are able to make any modification to such an 
    agreement on or after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the 
    exemption provided by this paragraph shall no longer apply.''.
    SEC. 186. STAGE 3 AIRCRAFT STUDY.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a 
review of the potential benefits, costs, and other impacts that would 
result from a phaseout of covered stage 3 aircraft.
    (b) Contents.--The review shall include--
        (1) a determination of the number, types, frequency of 
    operations, and owners and operators of covered stage 3 aircraft;
        (2) an analysis of the potential benefits, costs, and other 
    impacts to air carriers, general aviation operators, airports, 
    communities surrounding airports, and the general public associated 
    with phasing out or reducing the operations of covered stage 3 
    aircraft, assuming such a phaseout or reduction is put into effect 
    over a reasonable period of time;
        (3) a determination of lessons learned from the phaseout of 
    stage 2 aircraft that might be applicable to a phaseout or 
    reduction in the operations of covered stage 3 aircraft, including 
    comparisons between the benefits, costs, and other impacts 
    associated with the phaseout of stage 2 aircraft and the potential 
    benefits, costs, and other impacts determined under paragraph (2);
        (4) a determination of the costs and logistical challenges 
    associated with recertifying stage 3 aircraft capable of meeting 
    stage 4 noise levels; and
        (5) a determination of stakeholder views on the feasibility and 
    desirability of phasing out covered stage 3 aircraft, including the 
    views of--
            (A) air carriers;
            (B) airports;
            (C) communities surrounding airports;
            (D) aircraft and avionics manufacturers;
            (E) operators of covered stage 3 aircraft other than air 
        carriers; and
            (F) such other stakeholders and aviation experts as the 
        Comptroller General considers appropriate.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
    (d) Covered Stage 3 Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered stage 3 aircraft'' means a civil subsonic jet aircraft that 
is not capable of meeting the stage 4 noise levels in part 36 of title 
14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    SEC. 187. AIRCRAFT NOISE EXPOSURE.
    (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall conclude the Administrator's ongoing review of the 
relationship between aircraft noise exposure and its effects on 
communities around airports.
    (b) Report.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a 
    report containing the results of the review.
        (2) Preliminary recommendations.--The report shall contain such 
    preliminary recommendations as the Administrator determines 
    appropriate for revising the land use compatibility guidelines in 
    part 150 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, based on the 
    results of the review and in coordination with other agencies.
    SEC. 188. STUDY REGARDING DAY-NIGHT AVERAGE SOUND LEVELS.
    (a) Study.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall evaluate alternative metrics to the current 
average day-night level standard, such as the use of actual noise 
sampling and other methods, to address community airplane noise 
concerns.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study under subsection (a).
    SEC. 189. STUDY ON POTENTIAL HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF 
      OVERFLIGHT NOISE.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall enter into an agreement with an eligible 
institution of higher education to conduct a study on the health 
impacts of noise from aircraft flights on residents exposed to a range 
of noise levels from such flights.
    (b) Scope of Study.--The study conducted under subsection (a) 
shall--
        (1) include an examination of the incremental health impacts 
    attributable to noise exposure that result from aircraft flights, 
    including sleep disturbance and elevated blood pressure;
        (2) be focused on residents in the metropolitan area of--
            (A) Boston;
            (B) Chicago;
            (C) the District of Columbia;
            (D) New York;
            (E) the Northern California Metroplex;
            (F) Phoenix;
            (G) the Southern California Metroplex;
            (H) Seattle; or
            (I) such other area as may be identified by the 
        Administrator;
        (3) consider, in particular, the incremental health impacts on 
    residents living partly or wholly underneath flight paths most 
    frequently used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower than 10,000 
    feet, including during takeoff or landing;
        (4) include an assessment of the relationship between a 
    perceived increase in aircraft noise, including as a result of a 
    change in flight paths that increases the visibility of aircraft 
    from a certain location, and an actual increase in aircraft noise, 
    particularly in areas with high or variable levels of nonaircraft-
    related ambient noise; and
        (5) consider the economic harm or benefits to businesses 
    located party or wholly underneath flight paths most frequently 
    used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower than 10,000 feet, 
    including during takeoff or landing.
    (c) Eligibility.--An institution of higher education is eligible to 
conduct the study if the institution--
        (1) has--
            (A) a school of public health that has participated in the 
        Center of Excellence for Aircraft Noise and Aviation Emissions 
        Mitigation of the Federal Aviation Administration; or
            (B) a center for environmental health that receives funding 
        from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences;
        (2) is located in one of the areas identified in subsection 
    (b);
        (3) applies to the Administrator in a timely fashion;
        (4) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that 
    the institution is qualified to conduct the study;
        (5) agrees to submit to the Administrator, not later than 3 
    years after entering into an agreement under subsection (a), the 
    results of the study, including any source materials used; and
        (6) meets such other requirements as the Administrator 
    determines necessary.
    (d) Submission of Study.--Not later than 90 days after the 
Administrator receives the results of the study, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the study and a 
summary of the results.
    SEC. 190. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PILOT PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may carry out a 
pilot program involving not more than 6 projects at public-use airports 
in accordance with this section.
    (b) Grants.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary may make 
grants to sponsors of public-use airports from funds apportioned under 
section 47117(e)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Amounts from a grant received by the sponsor of 
a public-use airport under the program shall be used for environmental 
mitigation projects that will measurably reduce or mitigate aviation 
impacts on noise, air quality, or water quality at the airport or 
within 5 miles of the airport.
    (d) Eligibility.--Notwithstanding any other provision of chapter 
471 of title 49, United States Code, an environmental mitigation 
project approved under this section shall be treated as eligible for 
assistance under that chapter.
    (e) Selection Criteria.--In selecting from among applicants for 
participation in the program, the Secretary may give priority 
consideration to projects that--
        (1) will achieve the greatest reductions in aircraft noise, 
    airport emissions, or airport water quality impacts either on an 
    absolute basis or on a per dollar of funds expended basis; and
        (2) will be implemented by an eligible consortium.
    (f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
carried out under the program shall be 50 percent.
    (g) Maximum Amount.--Not more than $2,500,000 may be made available 
by the Secretary in grants under the program for any single project.
    (h) Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may establish and 
publish information identifying best practices for reducing or 
mitigating aviation impacts on noise, air quality, and water quality at 
airports or in the vicinity of airports based on the projects carried 
out under the program.
    (i) Sunset.--The program shall terminate 5 years after the 
Secretary makes the first grant under the program.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Eligible consortium.--The term ``eligible consortium'' 
    means a consortium that is composed of 2 or more of the following 
    entities:
            (A) Businesses incorporated in the United States.
            (B) Public or private educational or research organizations 
        located in the United States.
            (C) Entities of State or local governments in the United 
        States.
            (D) Federal laboratories.
        (2) Environmental mitigation project.--The term ``environmental 
    mitigation project'' means a project that--
            (A) introduces new environmental mitigation techniques or 
        technologies that have been proven in laboratory 
        demonstrations;
            (B) proposes methods for efficient adaptation or 
        integration of new concepts into airport operations; and
            (C) will demonstrate whether new techniques or technologies 
        for environmental mitigation are--
                (i) practical to implement at or near multiple public-
            use airports; and
                (ii) capable of reducing noise, airport emissions, or 
            water quality impacts in measurably significant amounts.
    (k) Authorization for the Transfer of Funds From Department of 
Defense.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration may accept funds from the Secretary of Defense to 
    increase the authorized funding for this section by the amount of 
    such transfer only to carry out projects designed for environmental 
    mitigation at a site previously, but not currently, managed by the 
    Department of Defense.
        (2) Additional grantees.--If additional funds are made 
    available by the Secretary of Defense under paragraph (1), the 
    Administrator may increase the number of grantees under subsection 
    (a).
    SEC. 191. EXTENDING AVIATION DEVELOPMENT STREAMLINING.
    (a) In General.--Section 47171 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
    by inserting ``general aviation airport construction or improvement 
    projects,'' after ``congested airports,'';
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
            (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
        ``(2) General aviation airport construction or improvement 
    project.--A general aviation airport construction or improvement 
    project shall be subject to the coordinated and expedited 
    environmental review process requirements set forth in this 
    section.'';
        (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
    inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
        (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
    inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
        (5) in subsection (h), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
    inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''; and
        (6) in subsection (k), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
    inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 47175 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(8) General aviation airport construction or improvement 
    project.--The term `general aviation airport construction or 
    improvement project' means--
            ``(A) a project for the construction or extension of a 
        runway, including any land acquisition, helipad, taxiway, 
        safety area, apron, or navigational aids associated with the 
        runway or runway extension, at a general aviation airport, a 
        reliever airport, or a commercial service airport that is not a 
        primary airport (as such terms are defined in section 47102); 
        and
            ``(B) any other airport development project that the 
        Secretary designates as facilitating aviation capacity building 
        projects at a general aviation airport.''.
    SEC. 192. ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND TECHNOLOGY.
    (a) In General.--Section 47136 of title 49, United States Code, as 
so redesignated, is amended--
        (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a 
pilot program under which the sponsors of public-use airports may use 
funds made available under this chapter or section 48103 for use at 
such airports to carry out--
        ``(1) activities associated with the acquisition, by purchase 
    or lease, and operation of eligible zero-emission vehicles and 
    equipment, including removable power sources for such vehicles; and
        ``(2) the construction or modification of infrastructure to 
    facilitate the delivery of fuel, power or services necessary for 
    the use of such vehicles.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--A public-use airport is eligible for 
participation in the program if the eligible vehicles or equipment 
are--
        ``(1) used exclusively on airport property; or
        ``(2) used exclusively to transport passengers and employees 
    between the airport and--
            ``(A) nearby facilities which are owned or controlled by 
        the airport or which otherwise directly support the functions 
        or services provided by the airport; or
            ``(B) an intermodal surface transportation facility 
        adjacent to the airport.'';
        (2) by striking subsections (d) through (f) and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(d) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
carried out under the program shall be the Federal share specified in 
section 47109.
    ``(e) Technical Assistance.--
        ``(1) In general.--The sponsor of a public-use airport may use 
    not more than 10 percent of the amounts made available to the 
    sponsor under the program in any fiscal year for--
            ``(A) technical assistance; and
            ``(B) project management support to assist the airport with 
        the solicitation, acquisition, and deployment of zero-emission 
        vehicles, related equipment, and supporting infrastructure.
        ``(2) Providers of technical assistance.--To receive the 
    technical assistance or project management support described in 
    paragraph (1), participants in the program may use--
            ``(A) a nonprofit organization selected by the Secretary; 
        or
            ``(B) a university transportation center receiving grants 
        under section 5505 in the region of the airport.
    ``(f) Materials Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may 
create and make available materials identifying best practices for 
carrying out activities funded under the program based on previous 
related projects and other sources.
    ``(g) Allowable Project Cost.--The allowable project cost for the 
acquisition of a zero-emission vehicle shall be the total cost of 
purchasing or leasing the vehicle, including the cost of technical 
assistance or project management support described in subsection (e).
    ``(h) Flexible Procurement.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may 
use funds made available under the program to acquire, by purchase or 
lease, a zero-emission vehicle and a removable power source in separate 
transactions, including transactions by which the airport purchases the 
vehicle and leases the removable power source.
    ``(i) Testing Required.--
        ``(1) In general.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may not 
    use funds made available under the program to acquire a zero-
    emission vehicle unless that make, model, or type of vehicle has 
    been tested by a Federal vehicle testing facility acceptable to the 
    Secretary.
        ``(2) Penalties for false statements.--A certification of 
    compliance under paragraph (1) shall be considered a certification 
    required under this subchapter for purposes of section 47126.
    ``(j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) Eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment.--The term 
    `eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment' means a zero-
    emission vehicle, equipment related to such a vehicle, or ground 
    support equipment that includes zero-emission technology that is--
            ``(A) used exclusively on airport property; or
            ``(B) used exclusively to transport passengers and 
        employees between the airport and--
                ``(i) nearby facilities which are owned or controlled 
            by the airport or which otherwise directly support the 
            functions or services provided by the airport; or
                ``(ii) an intermodal surface transportation facility 
            adjacent to the airport.
        ``(2) Removable power source.--The term `removable power 
    source' means a power source that is separately installed in, and 
    removable from, a zero-emission vehicle and may include a battery, 
    a fuel cell, an ultra-capacitor, or other power source used in a 
    zero-emission vehicle.
        ``(3) Zero-emission vehicle.--The term `zero-emission vehicle' 
    means--
            ``(A) a zero-emission vehicle as defined in section 88.102-
        94 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations; or
            ``(B) a vehicle that produces zero exhaust emissions of any 
        criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any possible 
        operational modes and conditions.''.
    (b) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(A) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``for airport 
development described in section 47102(3)(Q),'' after ``under section 
47141,''.
    (c) Deployment of Zero Emission Vehicle Technology.--
        (1) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation may 
    establish a zero-emission airport technology program--
            (A) to facilitate the deployment of commercially viable 
        zero-emission airport vehicles, technology, and related 
        infrastructure; and
            (B) to minimize the risk of deploying such vehicles, 
        technology, and infrastructure.
        (2) General authority.--
            (A) Assistance to nonprofit organizations.--The Secretary 
        may provide assistance under the program to not more than 3 
        geographically diverse, eligible organizations to conduct zero-
        emission airport technology and infrastructure projects.
            (B) Forms of assistance.--The Secretary may provide 
        assistance under the program in the form of grants, contracts, 
        and cooperative agreements.
        (3) Selection of participants.--
            (A) National solicitation.--In selecting participants, the 
        Secretary shall--
                (i) conduct a national solicitation for applications 
            for assistance under the program; and
                (ii) select the recipients of assistance under the 
            program on a competitive basis.
            (B) Considerations.--In selecting from among applicants for 
        assistance under the program, the Secretary shall consider--
                (i) the ability of an applicant to contribute 
            significantly to deploying zero-emission technology as the 
            technology relates to airport operations;
                (ii) the financing plan and cost-share potential of the 
            applicant; and
                (iii) other factors, as the Secretary determines 
            appropriate.
            (C) Priority.--ln selecting from among applicants for 
        assistance under the program, the Secretary shall give priority 
        consideration to an applicant that has successfully managed 
        advanced transportation technology projects, including projects 
        related to zero-emission transportation operations.
        (4) Eligible projects.--A recipient of assistance under the 
    program shall use the assistance--
            (A) to review and conduct demonstrations of zero-emission 
        technologies and related infrastructure at airports;
            (B) to evaluate the credibility of new, unproven vehicle 
        and energy-efficient technologies in various aspects of airport 
        operations prior to widespread investment in the technologies 
        by airports and the aviation industry;
            (C) to collect data and make the recipient's findings 
        available to airports, so that airports can evaluate the 
        applicability of new technologies to their facilities; and
            (D) to report the recipient's findings to the Secretary.
        (5) Administrative provisions.--
            (A) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out under the program may not exceed 80 
        percent.
            (B) Terms and conditions.--A grant, contract, or 
        cooperative agreement under this section shall be subject to 
        such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines 
        appropriate.
        (6) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions 
    apply:
            (A) Eligible organization.--The term ``eligible 
        organization'' means an organization that has expertise in 
        zero-emission technology.
            (B) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means--
                (i) described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
            Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 
            501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                (ii) a university transportation center receiving 
            grants under section 5505 of title 49, United States Code; 
            or
                (iii) any other Federal or non-Federal entity as the 
            Secretary considers appropriate.

               TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM
                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

    SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the FAA.
        (2) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' means 
    the Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee 
    established under section 202.
        (3) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
    Administration.
        (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Transportation.
        (5) Systems safety approach.--The term ``systems safety 
    approach'' means the application of specialized technical and 
    managerial skills to the systematic, forward-looking identification 
    and control of hazards throughout the lifecycle of a project, 
    program, or activity.
    SEC. 202. SAFETY OVERSIGHT AND CERTIFICATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a Safety Oversight 
and Certification Advisory Committee.
    (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall provide advice to the 
Secretary on policy-level issues facing the aviation community that are 
related to FAA safety oversight and certification programs and 
activities, including, at a minimum, the following:
        (1) Aircraft and flight standards certification processes, 
    including efforts to streamline those processes.
        (2) Implementation and oversight of safety management systems.
        (3) Risk-based oversight efforts.
        (4) Utilization of delegation and designation authorities, 
    including organization designation authorization.
        (5) Regulatory interpretation standardization efforts.
        (6) Training programs.
        (7) Expediting the rulemaking process and giving priority to 
    rules related to safety.
        (8) Enhancing global competitiveness of United States 
    manufactured and United States certificated aerospace and aviation 
    products and services throughout the world.
    (c) Functions.--In carrying out its duties under subsection (b), 
the Advisory Committee shall:
        (1) Foster industry collaboration in an open and transparent 
    manner.
        (2) Consult with, and ensure participation by--
            (A) the private sector, including representatives of--
                (i) general aviation;
                (ii) commercial aviation;
                (iii) aviation labor;
                (iv) aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul;
                (v) aviation, aerospace, and avionics manufacturing;
                (vi) unmanned aircraft systems operators and 
            manufacturers; and
                (vii) the commercial space transportation industry;
            (B) members of the public; and
            (C) other interested parties.
        (3) Recommend consensus national goals, strategic objectives, 
    and priorities for the most efficient, streamlined, and cost-
    effective certification and safety oversight processes in order to 
    maintain the safety of the aviation system and, at the same time, 
    allow the FAA to meet future needs and ensure that aviation 
    stakeholders remain competitive in the global marketplace.
        (4) Provide policy guidance recommendations for the FAA's 
    certification and safety oversight efforts.
        (5) On a regular basis, review and provide recommendations on 
    the FAA's certification and safety oversight efforts.
        (6) Periodically review and evaluate registration, 
    certification, and related fees.
        (7) Provide appropriate legislative, regulatory, and guidance 
    recommendations for the air transportation system and the aviation 
    safety regulatory environment.
        (8) Recommend performance objectives for the FAA and industry.
        (9) Recommend performance metrics and goals to track and review 
    the FAA and the regulated aviation industry on their progress 
    towards streamlining certification reform, conducting flight 
    standards reform, and carrying out regulation consistency efforts.
        (10) Provide a venue for tracking progress toward national 
    goals and sustaining joint commitments.
        (11) Recommend recruiting, hiring, training, and continuing 
    education objectives for FAA aviation safety engineers and aviation 
    safety inspectors.
        (12) Provide advice and recommendations to the FAA on how to 
    prioritize safety rulemaking projects.
        (13) Improve the development of FAA regulations by providing 
    information, advice, and recommendations related to aviation 
    issues.
        (14) Facilitate the validation and acceptance of United States 
    manufactured and United States certificated products and services 
    throughout the world.
    (d) Membership.--
        (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of 
    the following members:
            (A) The Administrator (or the Administrator's designee).
            (B) At least 11 individuals, appointed by the Secretary, 
        each of whom represents at least 1 of the following interests:
                (i) Transport aircraft and engine manufacturers.
                (ii) General aviation aircraft and engine 
            manufacturers.
                (iii) Avionics and equipment manufacturers.
                (iv) Aviation labor organizations, including collective 
            bargaining representatives of FAA aviation safety 
            inspectors and aviation safety engineers.
                (v) General aviation operators.
                (vi) Air carriers.
                (vii) Business aviation operators.
                (viii) Unmanned aircraft systems manufacturers and 
            operators.
                (ix) Aviation safety management experts.
                (x) Aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul.
                (xi) Airport owners and operators.
        (2) Nonvoting members.--
            (A) In general.--In addition to the members appointed under 
        paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee shall be composed of 
        nonvoting members appointed by the Secretary from among 
        individuals representing FAA safety oversight program offices.
            (B) Duties.--The nonvoting members may--
                (i) take part in deliberations of the Advisory 
            Committee; and
                (ii) provide input with respect to any final reports or 
            recommendations of the Advisory Committee.
            (C) Limitation.--The nonvoting members may not represent 
        any stakeholder interest other than that of an FAA safety 
        oversight program office.
        (3) Terms.--Each voting member and nonvoting member of the 
    Advisory Committee appointed by the Secretary shall be appointed 
    for a term of 2 years.
        (4) Committee characteristics.--The Advisory Committee shall 
    have the following characteristics:
            (A) Each voting member under paragraph (1)(B) shall be an 
        executive officer of the organization who has decisionmaking 
        authority within the member's organization and can represent 
        and enter into commitments on behalf of such organization.
            (B) The ability to obtain necessary information from 
        experts in the aviation and aerospace communities.
            (C) A membership size that enables the Advisory Committee 
        to have substantive discussions and reach consensus on issues 
        in a timely manner.
            (D) Appropriate expertise, including expertise in 
        certification and risked-based safety oversight processes, 
        operations, policy, technology, labor relations, training, and 
        finance.
        (5) Limitation on statutory construction.--Public Law 104-65 (2 
    U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) may not be construed to prohibit or otherwise 
    limit the appointment of any individual as a member of the Advisory 
    Committee.
    (e) Chairperson.--
        (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Advisory Committee 
    shall be appointed by the Secretary from among those members of the 
    Advisory Committee that are voting members under subsection 
    (d)(1)(B).
        (2) Term.--Each member appointed under paragraph (1) shall 
    serve a term of 2 years as Chairperson.
    (f) Meetings.--
        (1) Frequency.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at least 
    twice each year at the call of the Chairperson.
        (2) Public attendance.--The meetings of the Advisory Committee 
    shall be open and accessible to the public.
    (g) Special Committees.--
        (1) Establishment.--The Advisory Committee may establish 
    special committees composed of private sector representatives, 
    members of the public, labor representatives, and other relevant 
    parties in complying with consultation and participation 
    requirements under this section.
        (2) Rulemaking advice.--A special committee established by the 
    Advisory Committee may--
            (A) provide rulemaking advice and recommendations to the 
        Advisory Committee with respect to aviation-related issues;
            (B) provide the FAA additional opportunities to obtain 
        firsthand information and insight from those parties that are 
        most affected by existing and proposed regulations; and
            (C) assist in expediting the development, revision, or 
        elimination of rules without circumventing public rulemaking 
        processes and procedures.
        (3) Applicable law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to a 
    special committee established by the Advisory Committee.
    (h) Sunset.--The Advisory Committee shall terminate on the last day 
of the 6-year period beginning on the date of the initial appointment 
of the members of the Advisory Committee.
    (i) Termination of Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee.--The 
Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee established by the FAA shall 
terminate on the date of the initial appointment of the members of the 
Advisory Committee.

               Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

    SEC. 211. AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND 
      METRICS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which 
the Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives and apply and 
track performance metrics for the FAA and the aviation industry 
relating to aircraft certification in accordance with this section.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section 
in collaboration with the Advisory Committee and update agency 
performance objectives and metrics after considering the 
recommendations of the Advisory Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9) 
of section 202(c).
    (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and 
the aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to aircraft 
certification, progress is made toward, at a minimum--
        (1) eliminating certification delays and improving cycle times;
        (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the aviation 
    industry;
        (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and 
    designation authorities, including organizational designation 
    authorization;
        (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a systems 
    safety approach;
        (5) reducing duplication of effort;
        (6) increasing transparency;
        (7) developing and providing training, including recurrent 
    training, in auditing and a systems safety approach to 
    certification oversight;
        (8) improving the process for approving or accepting 
    certification actions between the FAA and bilateral partners;
        (9) maintaining and improving safety;
        (10) streamlining the hiring process for--
            (A) qualified systems safety engineers to support the FAA's 
        efforts to implement a systems safety approach; and
            (B) qualified systems engineers to guide the engineering of 
        complex systems within the FAA; and
        (11) maintaining the leadership of the United States in 
    international aviation and aerospace.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and 
the regulated aviation industry established by the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Data Generation.--
        (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which 
    the Advisory Committee recommends initial performance metrics for 
    the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under section 202, the 
    Administrator shall generate initial data with respect to each of 
    the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section.
        (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The 
    Administrator shall use the metrics applied and tracked under this 
    section to generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure 
    progress toward the achievement of national goals recommended by 
    the Advisory Committee.
    (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using 
the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section 
available to the public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable 
format through the internet website of the FAA or other appropriate 
methods and shall ensure that the data are made available in a manner 
that--
        (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an 
    individual or entity; and
        (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary 
    information.
    SEC. 212. ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION AUTHORIZATIONS.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44736. Organization designation authorizations
    ``(a) Delegations of Functions.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), when 
    overseeing an ODA holder, the Administrator of the FAA shall--
            ``(A) require, based on an application submitted by the ODA 
        holder and approved by the Administrator (or the 
        Administrator's designee), a procedures manual that addresses 
        all procedures and limitations regarding the functions to be 
        performed by the ODA holder;
            ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the 
        functions to be performed as specified in the procedures 
        manual, unless the Administrator determines, after the date of 
        the delegation and as a result of an inspection or other 
        investigation, that the public interest and safety of air 
        commerce requires a limitation with respect to 1 or more of the 
        functions;
            ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by inspecting 
        the ODA holder's delegated functions and taking action based on 
        validated inspection findings; and
            ``(D) for each function that is limited under subparagraph 
        (B), work with the ODA holder to develop the ODA holder's 
        capability to execute that function safely and effectively and 
        return to full authority status.
        ``(2) Duties of oda holders.--An ODA holder shall--
            ``(A) perform each specified function delegated to the ODA 
        holder in accordance with the approved procedures manual for 
        the delegation;
            ``(B) make the procedures manual available to each member 
        of the appropriate ODA unit; and
            ``(C) cooperate fully with oversight activities conducted 
        by the Administrator in connection with the delegation.
        ``(3) Existing oda holders.--With regard to an ODA holder 
    operating under a procedures manual approved by the Administrator 
    before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 
    2018, the Administrator shall--
            ``(A) at the request of the ODA holder and in an 
        expeditious manner, approve revisions to the ODA holder's 
        procedures manual;
            ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the 
        functions to be performed as specified in the procedures 
        manual, unless the Administrator determines, after the date of 
        the delegation and as a result of an inspection or other 
        investigation, that the public interest and safety of air 
        commerce requires a limitation with respect to one or more of 
        the functions;
            ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by inspecting 
        the ODA holder's delegated functions and taking action based on 
        validated inspection findings; and
            ``(D) for each function that is limited under subparagraph 
        (B), work with the ODA holder to develop the ODA holder's 
        capability to execute that function safely and effectively and 
        return to full authority status.
    ``(b) ODA Office.--
        ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
    enactment of this section, the Administrator of the FAA shall 
    identify, within the FAA Office of Aviation Safety, a centralized 
    policy office to be known as the Organization Designation 
    Authorization Office or the ODA Office.
        ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the ODA Office shall be to 
    provide oversight and ensure the consistency of the FAA's audit 
    functions under the ODA program across the FAA.
        ``(3) Functions.--The ODA Office shall--
            ``(A)(i) at the request of an ODA holder, eliminate all 
        limitations specified in a procedures manual in place on the 
        day before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act 
        of 2018 that are low and medium risk as determined by a risk 
        analysis using criteria established by the ODA Office and 
        disclosed to the ODA holder, except where an ODA holder's 
        performance warrants the retention of a specific limitation due 
        to documented concerns about inadequate current performance in 
        carrying out that authorized function;
            ``(ii) require an ODA holder to establish a corrective 
        action plan to regain authority for any retained limitations;
            ``(iii) require an ODA holder to notify the ODA Office when 
        all corrective actions have been accomplished; and
            ``(iv) make a reassessment to determine if subsequent 
        performance in carrying out any retained limitation warrants 
        continued retention and, if such reassessment determines 
        performance meets objectives, lift such limitation immediately;
            ``(B) improve FAA and ODA holder performance and ensure 
        full utilization of the authorities delegated under the ODA 
        program;
            ``(C) develop a more consistent approach to audit 
        priorities, procedures, and training under the ODA program;
            ``(D) review, in a timely fashion, a random sample of 
        limitations on delegated authorities under the ODA program to 
        determine if the limitations are appropriate;
            ``(E) ensure national consistency in the interpretation and 
        application of the requirements of the ODA program, including 
        any limitations, and in the performance of the ODA program; and
            ``(F) at the request of an ODA holder, review and approve 
        new limitations to ODA functions.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) FAA.--The term `FAA' means the Federal Aviation 
    Administration.
        ``(2) ODA holder.--The term `ODA holder' means an entity 
    authorized to perform functions pursuant to a delegation made by 
    the Administrator of the FAA under section 44702(d).
        ``(3) ODA unit.--The term ``ODA unit'' means a group of 2 or 
    more individuals who perform, under the supervision of an ODA 
    holder, authorized functions under an ODA.
        ``(4) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means a firm, 
    partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-stock 
    association, or governmental entity.
        ``(5) Organization designation authorization; oda.--The term 
    `Organization Designation Authorization' or `ODA' means an 
    authorization by the FAA under section 44702(d) for an organization 
    composed of 1 or more ODA units to perform approved functions on 
    behalf of the FAA.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44736. Organization designation authorizations.''.
    SEC. 213. ODA REVIEW.
    (a) Establishment of Expert Review Panel.--
        (1) Expert panel.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a 
    multidisciplinary expert review panel (in this section referred to 
    as the ``Panel'').
        (2) Composition of panel.--
            (A) Appointment of members.--The Panel shall be composed of 
        not more than 20 members appointed by the Administrator.
            (B) Qualifications.--The members appointed to the Panel 
        shall--
                (i) each have a minimum of 5 years of experience in 
            processes and procedures under the ODA program; and
                (ii) represent, at a minimum, ODA holders, aviation 
            manufacturers, safety experts, and FAA labor organizations, 
            including labor representatives of FAA aviation safety 
            inspectors and aviation safety engineers.
    (b) Survey.--The Panel shall conduct a survey of ODA holders and 
ODA program applicants to document and assess FAA certification and 
oversight activities, including use of the ODA program and the 
timeliness and efficiency of the certification process. In carrying out 
this subsection, the Panel shall consult with appropriate survey 
experts to best design and conduct the survey.
    (c) Assessment and Recommendations.--The Panel shall assess and 
make recommendations concerning--
        (1) the FAA's processes and procedures under the ODA program 
    and whether the processes and procedures function as intended;
        (2) the best practices of and lessons learned by ODA holders 
    and FAA personnel who provide oversight of ODA holders;
        (3) performance incentive policies that--
            (A) are related to the ODA program for FAA personnel; and
            (B) do not conflict with the public interest;
        (4) training activities related to the ODA program for FAA 
    personnel and ODA holders;
        (5) the impact, if any, that oversight of the ODA program has 
    on FAA resources and the FAA's ability to process applications for 
    certifications outside of the ODA program; and
        (6) the results of the survey conducted under subsection (b).
    (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the Panel is 
convened under subsection (a), the Panel shall submit to the 
Administrator, the Advisory Committee, and the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the findings and recommendations of the Panel.
    (e) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 44736 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, apply to this 
section.
    (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the 
Panel.
    (g) Sunset.--The Panel shall terminate on the date of submission of 
the report under subsection (d), or on the date that is 1 year after 
the Panel is convened under subsection (a), whichever occurs first.
    SEC. 214. TYPE CERTIFICATION RESOLUTION PROCESS.
    (a) In General.--Section 44704(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(6) Type certification resolution process.--
            ``(A) In general.--Not later than 15 months after the date 
        of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the 
        Administrator shall establish an effective, timely, and 
        milestone-based issue resolution process for type certification 
        activities under this subsection.
            ``(B) Process requirements.--The resolution process shall 
        provide for--
                ``(i) resolution of technical issues at pre-established 
            stages of the certification process, as agreed to by the 
            Administrator and the type certificate applicant;
                ``(ii) automatic elevation to appropriate management 
            personnel of the Federal Aviation Administration and the 
            type certificate applicant of any major certification 
            process milestone that is not completed or resolved within 
            a specific period of time agreed to by the Administrator 
            and the type certificate applicant; and
                ``(iii) resolution of a major certification process 
            milestone elevated pursuant to clause (ii) within a 
            specific period of time agreed to by the Administrator and 
            the type certificate applicant.
            ``(C) Major certification process milestone defined.--In 
        this paragraph, the term `major certification process 
        milestone' means a milestone related to a type certification 
        basis, type certification plan, type inspection authorization, 
        issue paper, or other major type certification activity agreed 
        to by the Administrator and the type certificate applicant.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 44704 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended in the section heading by striking ``airworthiness 
certificates,,'' and inserting ``airworthiness certificates,''.
    SEC. 215. REVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR SMALL GENERAL 
      AVIATION AIRPLANES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
initiate a review of the Federal Aviation Administration's 
implementation of the final rule titled ``Revision of Airworthiness 
Standards for Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category 
Airplanes'' (81 Fed. Reg. 96572).
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller 
General shall assess--
        (1) how the rule puts into practice the Administration's 
    efforts to implement performance and risk-based safety standards;
        (2) the extent to which the rule has resulted in the 
    implementation of a streamlined regulatory regime to improve 
    safety, reduce regulatory burden, and decrease costs;
        (3) whether the rule and its implementation have spurred 
    innovation and technological adoption;
        (4) how consensus standards accepted by the FAA facilitate the 
    development of new safety equipment and aircraft capabilities; and
        (5) whether lessons learned from the rule and its 
    implementation have resulted in best practices that could be 
    applied to airworthiness standards for other categories of 
    aircraft.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation 
of the review, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review, including 
findings and recommendations.
    SEC. 216. ODA STAFFING AND OVERSIGHT.
    (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the Administration's 
progress with respect to--
        (1) determining what additional model inputs and labor 
    distribution codes are needed to identify ODA oversight staffing 
    needs;
        (2) developing and implementing system-based evaluation 
    criteria and risk-based tools to aid ODA team members in targeting 
    their oversight activities;
        (3) developing agreements and processes for sharing resources 
    to ensure adequate oversight of ODA personnel performing 
    certification and inspection work at supplier and company 
    facilities; and
        (4) ensuring full utilization of ODA authority.
    (b) ODA Defined.--In this section, the term ``ODA'' has the meaning 
given that term in section 44736 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act.

                  Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

    SEC. 221. FLIGHT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND METRICS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which 
the Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives and apply and 
track performance metrics for the FAA and the aviation industry 
relating to flight standards activities in accordance with this 
section.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section 
in collaboration with the Advisory Committee, and update agency 
performance objectives and metrics after considering the 
recommendations of the Advisory Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9) 
of section 202(c).
    (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and 
the aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to flight standards 
activities, progress is made toward, at a minimum--
        (1) eliminating delays with respect to such activities;
        (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the aviation 
    industry;
        (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and 
    designation authorities, including organizational designation 
    authority;
        (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a systems 
    safety approach;
        (5) reducing duplication of effort;
        (6) eliminating inconsistent regulatory interpretations and 
    inconsistent enforcement activities;
        (7) improving and providing greater opportunities for training, 
    including recurrent training, in auditing and a systems safety 
    approach to oversight;
        (8) developing and allowing utilization of a single master 
    source for guidance;
        (9) providing and utilizing a streamlined appeal process for 
    the resolution of regulatory interpretation questions;
        (10) maintaining and improving safety; and
        (11) increasing transparency.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and 
the regulated aviation industry established by the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Data Generation.--
        (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which 
    the Advisory Committee recommends initial performance metrics for 
    the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under section 202, the 
    Administrator shall generate initial data with respect to each of 
    the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section.
        (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The 
    Administrator shall use the metrics applied and tracked under this 
    section to generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure 
    progress toward the achievement of national goals recommended by 
    the Advisory Committee.
    (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using 
the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section 
available to the public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable 
format through the internet website of the FAA or other appropriate 
methods and shall ensure that the data are made available in a manner 
that--
        (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an 
    individual or entity; and
        (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary 
    information.
    SEC. 222. FAA TASK FORCE ON FLIGHT STANDARDS REFORM.
    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish the FAA Task 
Force on Flight Standards Reform (in this section referred to as the 
``Task Force'').
    (b) Membership.--
        (1) Appointment.--The membership of the Task Force shall be 
    appointed by the Administrator.
        (2) Number.--The Task Force shall be composed of not more than 
    20 members.
        (3) Representation requirements.--The membership of the Task 
    Force shall include representatives, with knowledge of flight 
    standards regulatory processes and requirements, of--
            (A) air carriers;
            (B) general aviation;
            (C) business aviation;
            (D) repair stations;
            (E) unmanned aircraft systems operators;
            (F) flight schools;
            (G) labor unions, including those representing FAA aviation 
        safety inspectors and those representing FAA aviation safety 
        engineers;
            (H) aviation and aerospace manufacturers; and
            (I) aviation safety experts.
    (c) Duties.--The duties of the Task Force shall include, at a 
minimum, identifying best practices and providing recommendations, for 
current and anticipated budgetary environments, with respect to--
        (1) simplifying and streamlining flight standards regulatory 
    processes, including issuance and oversight of certificates;
        (2) reorganizing Flight Standards Services to establish an 
    entity organized by function rather than geographic region, if 
    appropriate;
        (3) FAA aviation safety inspector training opportunities;
        (4) ensuring adequate and timely provision of Flight Standards 
    activities and responses necessary for type certification, 
    operational evaluation, and entry into service of newly 
    manufactured aircraft;
        (5) FAA aviation safety inspector standards and performance; 
    and
        (6) achieving, across the FAA, consistent--
            (A) regulatory interpretations; and
            (B) application of oversight activities.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
establishment of the Task Force, the Task Force shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing--
        (1) the best practices identified and recommendations provided 
    by the Task Force under subsection (c); and
        (2) any recommendations of the Task Force for additional 
    regulatory, policy, or cost-effective legislative action to improve 
    the efficiency of agency activities.
    (e) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the Task 
Force.
    (f) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate on the earlier of--
        (1) the date on which the Task Force submits the report 
    required under subsection (d); or
        (2) the date that is 18 months after the date on which the Task 
    Force is established under subsection (a).
    SEC. 223. CENTRALIZED SAFETY GUIDANCE DATABASE.
    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a centralized 
safety guidance database that will--
        (1) encompass all of the regulatory guidance documents of the 
    FAA Office of Aviation Safety;
        (2) contain, for each such guidance document, a link to the 
    Code of Federal Regulations provision to which the document 
    relates; and
        (3) be publicly available in a manner that--
            (A) protects from disclosure identifying information 
        regarding an individual or entity; and
            (B) prevents inappropriate disclosure proprietary 
        information.
    (b) Data Entry Timing.--
        (1) Existing documents.--Not later than 14 months after the 
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin 
    entering into the database established under subsection (a) all of 
    the regulatory guidance documents of the Office of Aviation Safety 
    that are in effect and were issued before the date on which the 
    Administrator begins such entry process.
        (2) New documents and changes.--On and after the date on which 
    the Administrator begins the document entry process under paragraph 
    (1), the Administrator shall ensure that all new regulatory 
    guidance documents of the Office of Aviation Safety and any changes 
    to existing documents are included in the database established 
    under subsection (a) as such documents or changes to existing 
    documents are issued.
    (c) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the database under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult and collaborate with 
appropriate stakeholders, including labor organizations (including 
those representing aviation workers, FAA aviation safety engineers and 
FAA aviation safety inspectors) and aviation industry stakeholders.
    (d) Regulatory Guidance Documents Defined.--In this section, the 
term ``regulatory guidance documents'' means all forms of written 
information issued by the FAA that an individual or entity may use to 
interpret or apply FAA regulations and requirements, including 
information an individual or entity may use to determine acceptable 
means of compliance with such regulations and requirements, such as an 
order, manual, circular, policy statement, legal interpretation 
memorandum, or rulemaking document.
    SEC. 224. REGULATORY CONSISTENCY COMMUNICATIONS BOARD.
    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a Regulatory 
Consistency Communications Board (in this section referred to as the 
``Board'').
    (b) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the Board, the 
Administrator shall consult and collaborate with appropriate 
stakeholders, including FAA labor organizations (including labor 
organizations representing FAA aviation safety inspectors) and industry 
stakeholders.
    (c) Membership.--The Board shall be composed of FAA 
representatives, appointed by the Administrator, from--
        (1) the Flight Standards Service;
        (2) the Aircraft Certification Service; and
        (3) the Office of the Chief Counsel.
    (d) Functions.--The Board shall carry out the following functions:
        (1) Establish, at a minimum, processes by which--
            (A) FAA personnel and persons regulated by the FAA may 
        submit anonymous regulatory interpretation questions without 
        fear of retaliation;
            (B) FAA personnel may submit written questions, and receive 
        written responses, as to whether a previous approval or 
        regulatory interpretation issued by FAA personnel in another 
        office or region is correct or incorrect; and
            (C) any other person may submit written anonymous 
        regulatory interpretation questions.
        (2) Meet on a regular basis to discuss and resolve questions 
    submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) and the appropriate application 
    of regulations and policy with respect to each question.
        (3) Provide to a person that submitted a question pursuant to 
    subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) a timely written response 
    to the question.
        (4) Establish a process to make resolutions of common 
    regulatory interpretation questions publicly available to FAA 
    personnel, persons regulated by the FAA, and the public without 
    revealing any identifying data of the person that submitted the 
    question and in a manner that protects any proprietary information.
        (5) Ensure the incorporation of resolutions of questions 
    submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) into regulatory guidance 
    documents, as such term is defined in section 223(d).
    (e) Performance Metrics, Timelines, and Goals.--Not later than 180 
days after the date on which the Advisory Committee recommends 
performance objectives and performance metrics for the FAA and the 
regulated aviation industry under section 202, the Administrator, in 
collaboration with the Advisory Committee, shall--
        (1) establish performance metrics, timelines, and goals to 
    measure the progress of the Board in resolving regulatory 
    interpretation questions submitted pursuant to subsection (d)(1); 
    and
        (2) implement a process for tracking the progress of the Board 
    in meeting the performance metrics, timelines, and goals 
    established under paragraph (1).

                      Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

    SEC. 231. SAFETY WORKFORCE TRAINING STRATEGY.
    (a) Safety Workforce Training Strategy.--Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review 
and revise its safety workforce training strategy to ensure that such 
strategy--
        (1) aligns with an effective risk-based approach to safety 
    oversight;
        (2) best uses available resources;
        (3) allows FAA employees participating in organization 
    management teams or conducting ODA program audits to complete, in a 
    timely fashion, appropriate training, including recurrent training, 
    in auditing and a systems safety approach to oversight;
        (4) seeks knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and 
    the aviation industry in new technologies, equipment and systems, 
    best practices, and other areas of interest related to safety 
    oversight;
        (5) functions within the current and anticipated budgetary 
    environments;
        (6) fosters an inspector and engineer workforce that has the 
    skills and training necessary to improve risk-based approaches that 
    focus on requirements management and auditing skills; and
        (7) includes, as appropriate, milestones and metrics for 
    meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (5).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the revision 
of the strategy required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
implementation of the strategy and progress in meeting any milestones 
and metrics included in the strategy.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
        (1) ODA; oda holder.--The terms ``ODA'' and ``ODA holder'' have 
    the meanings given those terms in section 44736 of title 49, United 
    States Code, as added by this Act.
        (2) ODA program.--The term ``ODA program'' means the program to 
    standardize FAA management and oversight of the organizations that 
    are approved to perform certain functions on behalf of the 
    Administration under section 44702(d) of title 49, United States 
    Code.
        (3) Organization management team.--The term ``organization 
    management team'' means a team consisting of FAA aviation safety 
    engineers, flight test pilots, and aviation safety inspectors 
    overseeing an ODA holder and its certification activity.
    SEC. 232. WORKFORCE REVIEW.
    (a) Workforce Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall conduct a review to assess the workforce and training needs of 
the FAA Office of Aviation Safety in the anticipated budgetary 
environment.
    (b) Contents.--The review required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
        (1) a review of current aviation safety inspector and aviation 
    safety engineer hiring, training, and recurrent training 
    requirements;
        (2) an analysis of the skills and qualifications required of 
    aviation safety inspectors and aviation safety engineers for 
    successful performance in the current and future projected aviation 
    safety regulatory environment, including the need for a systems 
    engineering discipline within the FAA to guide the engineering of 
    complex systems, with an emphasis on auditing designated 
    authorities;
        (3) a review of current performance incentive policies of the 
    FAA, as applied to the Office of Aviation Safety, including awards 
    for performance;
        (4) an analysis of ways the FAA can work with industry and 
    labor, including labor groups representing FAA aviation safety 
    inspectors and aviation safety engineers, to establish knowledge-
    sharing opportunities between the FAA and the aviation industry 
    regarding new equipment and systems, best practices, and other 
    areas of interest; and
        (5) recommendations on the most effective qualifications, 
    training programs (including e-learning training), and performance 
    incentive approaches to address the needs of the future projected 
    aviation safety regulatory system in the anticipated budgetary 
    environment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review required 
under subsection (a).

                   Subtitle E--International Aviation

    SEC. 241. PROMOTION OF UNITED STATES AEROSPACE STANDARDS, PRODUCTS, 
      AND SERVICES ABROAD.
    Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Promotion of United States Aerospace Standards, Products, and 
Services Abroad.--The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to--
        ``(1) promote United States aerospace-related safety standards 
    abroad;
        ``(2) facilitate and vigorously defend approvals of United 
    States aerospace products and services abroad;
        ``(3) with respect to bilateral partners, utilize bilateral 
    safety agreements and other mechanisms to improve validation of 
    United States certificated aeronautical products, services, and 
    appliances and enhance mutual acceptance in order to eliminate 
    redundancies and unnecessary costs; and
        ``(4) with respect to the aeronautical safety authorities of a 
    foreign country, streamline validation and coordination 
    processes.''.
    SEC. 242. BILATERAL EXCHANGES OF SAFETY OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITIES.
    Section 44701(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) Foreign airworthiness directives.--
            ``(A) Acceptance.--Subject to subparagraph (D), the 
        Administrator may accept an airworthiness directive, as defined 
        in section 39.3 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, 
        issued by an aeronautical safety authority of a foreign 
        country, and leverage that authority's regulatory process, if--
                ``(i) the country is the state of design for the 
            product that is the subject of the airworthiness directive;
                ``(ii) the United States has a bilateral safety 
            agreement relating to aircraft certification with the 
            country;
                ``(iii) as part of the bilateral safety agreement with 
            the country, the Administrator has determined that such 
            aeronautical safety authority has an aircraft certification 
            system relating to safety that produces a level of safety 
            equivalent to the level produced by the system of the 
            Federal Aviation Administration;
                ``(iv) the aeronautical safety authority of the country 
            utilizes an open and transparent notice and comment process 
            in the issuance of airworthiness directives; and
                ``(v) the airworthiness directive is necessary to 
            provide for the safe operation of the aircraft subject to 
            the directive.
            ``(B) Alternative approval process.--Notwithstanding 
        subparagraph (A), the Administrator may issue a Federal 
        Aviation Administration airworthiness directive instead of 
        accepting an airworthiness directive otherwise eligible for 
        acceptance under such subparagraph, if the Administrator 
        determines that such issuance is necessary for safety or 
        operational reasons due to the complexity or unique features of 
        the Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness directive or 
        the United States aviation system.
            ``(C) Alternative means of compliance.--The Administrator 
        may--
                ``(i) accept an alternative means of compliance, with 
            respect to an airworthiness directive accepted under 
            subparagraph (A), that was approved by the aeronautical 
            safety authority of the foreign country that issued the 
            airworthiness directive; or
                ``(ii) notwithstanding subparagraph (A), and at the 
            request of any person affected by an airworthiness 
            directive accepted under such subparagraph, approve an 
            alternative means of compliance with respect to the 
            airworthiness directive.
            ``(D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not accept an 
        airworthiness directive issued by an aeronautical safety 
        authority of a foreign country if the airworthiness directive 
        addresses matters other than those involving the safe operation 
        of an aircraft.''.
    SEC. 243. FAA LEADERSHIP ABROAD.
    (a) In General.--To promote United States aerospace safety 
standards, reduce redundant regulatory activity, and facilitate 
acceptance of FAA design and production approvals abroad, the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) attain greater expertise in issues related to dispute 
    resolution, intellectual property, and export control laws to 
    better support FAA certification and other aerospace regulatory 
    activities abroad;
        (2) work with United States companies to more accurately track 
    the amount of time it takes foreign authorities, including 
    bilateral partners, to validate United States certificated 
    aeronautical products;
        (3) provide assistance to United States companies that have 
    experienced significantly long foreign validation wait times;
        (4) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral 
    partners, to collect and analyze data to determine the timeliness 
    of the acceptance and validation of FAA design and production 
    approvals by foreign authorities and the acceptance and validation 
    of foreign-certified products by the FAA;
        (5) establish appropriate benchmarks and metrics to measure the 
    success of bilateral aviation safety agreements and to reduce the 
    validation time for United States certificated aeronautical 
    products abroad; and
        (6) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral 
    partners, to improve the timeliness of the acceptance and 
    validation of FAA design and production approvals by foreign 
    authorities and the acceptance and validation of foreign-certified 
    products by the FAA.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report that--
        (1) describes the FAA's strategic plan for international 
    engagement;
        (2) describes the structure and responsibilities of all FAA 
    offices that have international responsibilities, including the 
    Aircraft Certification Office, and all the activities conducted by 
    those offices related to certification and production;
        (3) describes current and forecasted staffing and travel needs 
    for the FAA's international engagement activities, including the 
    needs of the Aircraft Certification Office in the current and 
    forecasted budgetary environment;
        (4) provides recommendations, if appropriate, to improve the 
    existing structure and personnel and travel policies supporting the 
    FAA's international engagement activities, including the activities 
    of the Aviation Certification Office, to better support the growth 
    of United States aerospace exports; and
        (5) identifies cost-effective policy initiatives, regulatory 
    initiatives, or legislative initiatives needed to improve and 
    enhance the timely acceptance of United States aerospace products 
    abroad.
    (c) International Travel.--The Administrator, or the 
Administrator's designee, may authorize international travel for any 
FAA employee, without the approval of any other person or entity, if 
the Administrator determines that the travel is necessary--
        (1) to promote United States aerospace safety standards; or
        (2) to support expedited acceptance of FAA design and 
    production approvals.
    SEC. 244. REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATION, AND RELATED FEES.
    Section 45305 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Subject to subsection (b)'' 
    and inserting ``Subject to subsection (c)'';
        (2) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) 
    and (d), respectively; and
        (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Certification Services.--Subject to subsection (c), and 
notwithstanding section 45301(a), the Administrator may establish and 
collect a fee from a foreign government or entity for services related 
to certification, regardless of where the services are provided, if the 
fee--
        ``(1) is established and collected in a manner consistent with 
    aviation safety agreements; and
        ``(2) does not exceed the estimated costs of the services.''.

                           TITLE III--SAFETY
                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

    SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the FAA.
        (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
    Administration.
    SEC. 302. FAA TECHNICAL TRAINING.
    (a) E-learning Training Pilot Program.--Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in 
collaboration with the exclusive bargaining representatives of covered 
FAA personnel, shall establish an e-learning training pilot program in 
accordance with the requirements of this section.
    (b) Curriculum.--The pilot program shall--
        (1) include a recurrent training curriculum for covered FAA 
    personnel to ensure that the covered FAA personnel receive 
    instruction on the latest aviation technologies, processes, and 
    procedures;
        (2) focus on providing specialized technical training for 
    covered FAA personnel, as determined necessary by the 
    Administrator;
        (3) include training courses on applicable regulations of the 
    Federal Aviation Administration; and
        (4) consider the efficacy of instructor-led online training.
    (c) Pilot Program Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate 1 
year after the date of establishment of the pilot program.
    (d) E-learning Training Program.--Upon termination of the pilot 
program, the Administrator shall assess and establish or update an e-
learning training program that incorporates lessons learned for covered 
FAA personnel as a result of the pilot program.
    (e) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Covered faa personnel.--The term ``covered FAA personnel'' 
    means airway transportation systems specialists and aviation safety 
    inspectors of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        (2) E-learning training.--The term ``e-learning training'' 
    means learning utilizing electronic technologies to access 
    educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom.
    SEC. 303. SAFETY CRITICAL STAFFING.
    (a) Update of FAA's Safety Critical Staffing Model.--Not later than 
270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall update the safety critical staffing model of the Administration 
to determine the number of aviation safety inspectors that will be 
needed to fulfill the safety oversight mission of the Administration.
    (b) Audit by DOT Inspector General.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which 
    the Administrator has updated the safety critical staffing model 
    under subsection (a), the Inspector General of the Department of 
    Transportation shall conduct an audit of the staffing model.
        (2) Contents.--The audit shall include, at a minimum--
            (A) a review of the assumptions and methodologies used in 
        devising and implementing the staffing model to assess the 
        adequacy of the staffing model in predicting the number of 
        aviation safety inspectors needed--
                (i) to properly fulfill the mission of the 
            Administration; and
                (ii) to meet the future growth of the aviation 
            industry; and
            (B) a determination on whether the staffing model takes 
        into account the Administration's authority to fully utilize 
        designees.
        (3) Report on audit.--
            (A) Report to secretary.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        date of completion of the audit, the Inspector General shall 
        submit to the Secretary a report on the results of the audit.
            (B) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        date of receipt of the report, the Secretary shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the report, 
        together with, if appropriate, a description of any actions 
        taken or to be taken to address the results of the audit.
    SEC. 304. INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS REGARDING TRACKING OF CIVIL 
      AIRCRAFT.
    The Administrator shall exercise leadership on creating a global 
approach to improving aircraft tracking by working with--
        (1) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the 
    International Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary 
    organizations;
        (2) other international organizations and fora; and
        (3) the private sector.
    SEC. 305. AIRCRAFT DATA ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS.
    (a) Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate an assessment of aircraft 
data access and retrieval systems for part 121 air carrier aircraft 
that are used in extended overwater operations to--
        (1) determine if the systems provide improved access and 
    retrieval of aircraft data and cockpit voice recordings in the 
    event of an aircraft accident; and
        (2) assess the cost effectiveness of each system assessed.
    (b) Systems To Be Examined.--The systems to be examined under this 
section shall include, at a minimum--
        (1) various methods for improving detection and retrieval of 
    flight data, including--
            (A) low-frequency underwater locating devices; and
            (B) extended battery life for underwater locating devices;
        (2) automatic deployable flight recorders;
        (3) emergency locator transmitters;
        (4) triggered transmission of flight data and other satellite-
    based solutions;
        (5) distress-mode tracking; and
        (6) protections against disabling flight recorder systems.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of 
the assessment, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the assessment.
    (d) Part 121 Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``part 
121 air carrier'' means an air carrier with authority to conduct 
operations under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    SEC. 306. ADVANCED COCKPIT DISPLAYS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of 
heads-up display systems, heads-down display systems employing 
synthetic vision systems, and enhanced vision systems (in this section 
referred to as ``HUD systems'', ``SVS'', and ``EVS'', respectively).
    (b) Contents.--The review shall--
        (1) evaluate the impacts of single- and dual-installed HUD 
    systems, SVS, and EVS on the safety and efficiency of aircraft 
    operations within the national airspace system; and
        (2) review a sufficient quantity of commercial aviation 
    accidents or incidents in order to evaluate if HUD systems, SVS, or 
    EVS would have produced a better outcome in each accident or 
    incident.
    (c) Consultation.--In conducting the review, the Administrator 
shall consult with aviation manufacturers, representatives of pilot 
groups, aviation safety organizations, and any government agencies the 
Administrator considers appropriate.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report containing the results of the review, the actions 
the Administrator plans to take with respect to the systems reviewed, 
and the associated timeline for such actions.
    SEC. 307. EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall evaluate and revise, as 
appropriate, regulations in part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations, regarding emergency medical equipment, including the 
contents of first-aid kits, applicable to all certificate holders 
operating passenger aircraft under that part.
    (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall consider whether the minimum contents of approved 
emergency medical kits, including approved first-aid kits, include 
appropriate medications and equipment to meet the emergency medical 
needs of children and pregnant women.
    SEC. 308. FAA AND NTSB REVIEW OF GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY.
    (a) Study Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the 
Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, shall initiate a 
study of general aviation safety.
    (b) Study Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
        (1) a review of all general aviation accidents since 2000, 
    including a review of--
            (A) the number of such accidents;
            (B) the number of injuries and fatalities, including with 
        respect to both occupants of aircraft and individuals on the 
        ground, as a result of such accidents;
            (C) the number of such accidents investigated by the 
        National Transportation Safety Board;
            (D) the number of such accidents investigated by the FAA; 
        and
            (E) a summary of the factual findings and probable cause 
        determinations with respect to such accidents;
        (2) an assessment of the most common probable cause 
    determinations issued for general aviation accidents since 2000;
        (3) an assessment of the most common facts analyzed by the FAA 
    and the National Transportation Safety Board in the course of 
    investigations of general aviation accidents since 2000, including 
    operational details;
        (4) a review of the safety recommendations of the National 
    Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation accidents 
    since 2000;
        (5) an assessment of the responses of the FAA and the general 
    aviation community to the safety recommendations of the National 
    Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation accidents 
    since 2000;
        (6) an assessment of the most common general aviation safety 
    issues;
        (7) a review of the total costs to the Federal Government to 
    conduct investigations of general aviation accidents over the last 
    10 years; and
        (8) other matters the Administrator or the Chairman considers 
    appropriate.
    (c) Recommendations and Actions To Address General Aviation 
Safety.--Based on the results of the study required under subsection 
(a), the Administrator, in consultation with the Chairman, shall make 
such recommendations, including with respect to regulations and 
enforcement activities, as the Administrator considers necessary to--
        (1) address general aviation safety issues identified under the 
    study;
        (2) protect persons and property on the ground; and
        (3) improve the safety of general aviation operators in the 
    United States.
    (d) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Administrator shall have the authority to undertake actions to address 
the recommendations made under subsection (c).
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study required under 
subsection (a), including the recommendations described in subsection 
(c).
    (f) General Aviation Defined.--In this section, the term ``general 
aviation'' means aircraft operation for personal, recreational, or 
other noncommercial purposes.
    SEC. 309. CALL TO ACTION AIRLINE ENGINE SAFETY REVIEW.
    (a) Call to Action Airline Engine Safety Review.--Not later than 90 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
initiate a Call to Action safety review on airline engine safety in 
order to bring stakeholders together to share best practices and 
implement actions to address airline engine safety.
    (b) Contents.--The Call to Action safety review required pursuant 
to subsection (a) shall include--
        (1) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and 
    directives related to airline engines during design and production, 
    including the oversight of those processes;
        (2) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and 
    directives related to airline engine operation and maintenance and 
    the oversight of those processes;
        (3) a review of reportable accidents and incidents involving 
    airline engines during calendar years 2014 through 2018, including 
    any identified contributing factors to the reportable accident or 
    incident; and
        (4) a process for stakeholders, including inspectors, 
    manufacturers, maintenance providers, airlines, labor, and aviation 
    safety experts, to provide feedback and share best practices.
    (c) Report and Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the 
conclusion of the Call to Action safety review pursuant to subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review and any recommendations 
for actions or best practices to improve airline engine safety.
    SEC. 310. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACCESS TO AIR CARRIER FLIGHT DECKS.
    It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should 
collaborate with other aviation authorities to advance a global 
standard for access to air carrier flight decks and redundancy 
requirements consistent with the flight deck access and redundancy 
requirements in the United States.
    SEC. 311. PART 135 ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT DATA.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall--
        (1) determine, in collaboration with the National 
    Transportation Safety Board and part 135 industry stakeholders, 
    what, if any, additional data should be reported as part of an 
    accident or incident notice--
            (A) to more accurately measure the safety of on-demand part 
        135 aircraft activity;
            (B) to pinpoint safety problems; and
            (C) to form the basis for critical research and analysis of 
        general aviation issues; and
        (2) provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress on the findings under paragraph (1), including a 
    description of any additional data to be collected, a timeframe for 
    implementing the additional data collection, and any potential 
    obstacles to implementation.
    (b) Definition of Part 135.--In this section, the term ``part 135'' 
means part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    SEC. 312. SENSE OF CONGRESS; PILOT IN COMMAND AUTHORITY.
    It is the sense of Congress that the pilot in command of an 
aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, 
the operation of that aircraft, as set forth in section 91.3(a) of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation 
thereto).
    SEC. 313. REPORT ON CONSPICUITY NEEDS FOR SURFACE VEHICLES 
      OPERATING ON THE AIRSIDE OF AIR CARRIER SERVED AIRPORTS.
    (a) Study Required.--The Administrator shall carry out a study on 
the need for the FAA to prescribe conspicuity standards for surface 
vehicles operating on the airside of the categories of airports that 
air carriers serve as specified in subsection (b).
    (b) Covered Airports.--The study required by subsection (a) shall 
cover, at a minimum, 1 large hub airport, 1 medium hub airport, and 1 
small hub airport, as those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than July 1, 2019, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report setting forth the results of the study required by subsection 
(a), including such recommendations as the Administrator considers 
appropriate regarding the need for the Administration to prescribe 
conspicuity standards as described in subsection (a).
    SEC. 314. HELICOPTER AIR AMBULANCE OPERATIONS DATA AND REPORTS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in collaboration with helicopter air 
ambulance industry stakeholders, shall assess the availability of 
information to the general public related to the location of heliports 
and helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance services, 
including helipads and helipads outside of those listed as part of any 
existing databases of Airport Master Record (5010) forms.
    (b) Requirements.--Based on the assessment under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall--
        (1) update, as necessary, any existing guidance on what 
    information is included in the current databases of Airport Master 
    Record (5010) forms to include information related to heliports and 
    helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance services; or
        (2) develop, as appropriate and in collaboration with 
    helicopter air ambulance industry stakeholders, a new database of 
    heliports and helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance 
    services.
    (c) Reports.--
        (1) Assessment report.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
    the assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator 
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
    the assessment, including any recommendations on how to make 
    information related to the location of heliports and helipads used 
    by helicopters providing air ambulance services available to the 
    general public.
        (2) Implementation report.--Not later than 30 days after 
    completing action under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of 
    subsection (b), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
    committees of Congress a report on such action.
    (d) Incident and Accident Data.--Section 44731 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
        section, and annually thereafter'' and inserting ``annually'';
            (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``flights and hours 
        flown, by registration number, during which helicopters 
        operated by the certificate holder were providing helicopter 
        air ambulance services'' and inserting ``hours flown by the 
        helicopters operated by the certificate holder'';
            (C) in paragraph (3)--
                (i) by striking ``of flight'' and inserting ``of 
            patients transported and the number of patient transport'';
                (ii) by inserting ``or'' after ``interfacility 
            transport,''; and
                (iii) by striking ``, or ferry or repositioning 
            flight'';
            (D) in paragraph (5)--
                (i) by striking ``flights and''; and
                (ii) by striking ``while providing air ambulance 
            services''; and
            (E) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
        ``(6) The number of hours flown at night by helicopters 
    operated by the certificate holder.'';
        (2) in subsection (d)--
            (A) by striking ``Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the 
        Administrator shall submit'' and inserting ``The Administrator 
        shall submit annually''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following: ``The report shall 
        include the number of accidents experienced by helicopter air 
        ambulance operations, the number of fatal accidents experienced 
        by helicopter air ambulance operations, and the rate, per 
        100,000 flight hours, of accidents and fatal accidents 
        experienced by operators providing helicopter air ambulance 
        services.'';
        (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
        (4) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator, in collaboration with part 135 certificate holders 
providing helicopter air ambulance services, shall--
        ``(1) propose and develop a method to collect and store the 
    data submitted under subsection (a), including a method to protect 
    the confidentiality of any trade secret or proprietary information 
    submitted; and
        ``(2) ensure that the database under subsection (c) and the 
    report under subsection (d) include data and analysis that will 
    best inform efforts to improve the safety of helicopter air 
    ambulance operations.''.
    SEC. 315. AVIATION RULEMAKING COMMITTEE FOR PART 135 PILOT REST AND 
      DUTY RULES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene an aviation 
rulemaking committee to review, and develop findings and 
recommendations regarding, pilot rest and duty rules under part 135 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Duties.--The Administrator shall--
        (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
    Act, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    based on the findings of the aviation rulemaking committee; and
        (2) not later than 1 year after the date of submission of the 
    report under paragraph (1), issue a notice of proposed rulemaking 
    based on any consensus recommendations reached by the aviation 
    rulemaking committee.
    (c) Composition.--The aviation rulemaking committee shall consist 
of members appointed by the Administrator, including--
        (1) representatives of industry;
        (2) representatives of aviation labor organizations, including 
    collective bargaining units representing pilots who are covered by 
    part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and subpart K of 
    part 91 of such title; and
        (3) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of flight 
    crewmember education and training requirements under part 135 of 
    such title.
    (d) Considerations.--The Administrator shall direct the aviation 
rulemaking committee to consider--
        (1) recommendations of prior part 135 rulemaking committees;
        (2) accommodations necessary for small businesses;
        (3) scientific data derived from aviation-related fatigue and 
    sleep research;
        (4) data gathered from aviation safety reporting programs;
        (5) the need to accommodate the diversity of operations 
    conducted under part 135, including the unique duty and rest time 
    requirements of air ambulance pilots; and
        (6) other items, as appropriate.
    SEC. 316. REPORT ON OBSOLETE TEST EQUIPMENT.
    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the National Test Equipment Program of the FAA 
(in this section referred to as the ``Program'').
    (b) Contents.--The report shall include--
        (1) a list of all known outstanding requests for test 
    equipment, cataloged by type and location, under the Program;
        (2) a description of the current method under the Program of 
    ensuring calibrated equipment is in place for utilization;
        (3) a plan by the Administrator for appropriate inventory of 
    such equipment;
        (4) the Administrator's recommendations for increasing 
    multifunctionality in future test equipment and all known and 
    foreseeable manufacturer technological advances; and
        (5) a plan to replace, as appropriate, obsolete test equipment 
    throughout the service areas.
    SEC. 317. HELICOPTER FUEL SYSTEM SAFETY.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44737. Helicopter fuel system safety
    ``(a) Prohibition.--
        ``(1) In general.--A person may not operate a covered 
    rotorcraft in United States airspace unless the design of the 
    rotorcraft is certified by the Administrator of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration to--
            ``(A) comply with the requirements applicable to the 
        category of the rotorcraft under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (5), 
        and (6) of section 27.952(a), section 27.952(c), section 
        27.952(f), section 27.952(g), section 27.963(g) (but allowing 
        for a minimum puncture force of 250 pounds if successfully drop 
        tested in-structure), and section 27.975(b) or paragraphs (1), 
        (2), (3), (5), and (6) of section 29.952(a), section 29.952(c), 
        section 29.952(f), section 29.952(g), section 29.963(b) (but 
        allowing for a minimum puncture force of 250 pounds if 
        successfully drop tested in-structure), and 29.975(a)(7) of 
        title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date 
        of enactment of this section; or
            ``(B) employ other means acceptable to the Administrator to 
        provide an equivalent level of fuel system crash resistance.
        ``(2) Covered rotorcraft defined.--In this subsection, the term 
    `covered rotorcraft' means a rotorcraft not otherwise required to 
    comply with section 27.952, section 27.963, and section 27.975, or 
    section 29.952, section 29.963, and section 29.975 of title 14, 
    Code of Federal Regulations as in effect on the date of enactment 
    of this section for which manufacture was completed, as determined 
    by the Administrator, on or after the date that is 18 months after 
    the date of enactment of this section.
    ``(b) Administrative Provisions.--The Administrator shall--
        ``(1) expedite the certification and validation of United 
    States and foreign type designs and retrofit kits that improve fuel 
    system crashworthiness; and
        ``(2) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
    this section, and periodically thereafter, issue a bulletin to--
            ``(A) inform rotorcraft owners and operators of available 
        modifications to improve fuel system crashworthiness; and
            ``(B) urge that such modifications be installed as soon as 
        practicable.
    ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to affect the operation of a rotorcraft by the Department of 
Defense.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44737. Helicopter fuel system safety.''.
    SEC. 318. APPLICABILITY OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATION STANDARDS TO 
      OPERATORS OF AIR BALLOONS.
    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Commercial 
Balloon Pilot Safety Act of 2018''.
    (b) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise section 61.3(c) 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to second-class 
medical certificates), to apply to an operator of an air balloon to the 
same extent such regulations apply to a pilot flight crewmember of 
other aircraft.
    (c) Air Balloon Defined.--In this section, the term ``air balloon'' 
has the meaning given the term ``balloon'' in section 1.1 of title 14, 
Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or 
ruling).
    SEC. 319. DESIGNATED PILOT EXAMINER REFORMS.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation 
Rulemaking Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the 
``Committee'') the task of reviewing all regulations and policies 
related to designated pilot examiners appointed under section 183.23 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. The Committee shall focus on the 
processes and requirements by which the FAA selects, trains, and 
deploys individuals as designated pilot examiners, and provide 
recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy changes 
necessary to ensure an adequate number of designated pilot examiners 
are deployed and available to perform their duties. The Committee also 
shall make recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy 
changes if necessary to allow a designated pilot examiner perform a 
daily limit of 3 new check rides with no limit for partial check rides 
and to serve as a designed pilot examiner without regard to any 
individual managing office.
    (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after 
receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with 
respect to those recommendations.
    SEC. 320. VOLUNTARY REPORTS OF OPERATIONAL OR MAINTENANCE ISSUES 
      RELATED TO AVIATION SAFETY.
    (a) In General.--There shall be a presumption that an individual's 
voluntary report of an operational or maintenance issue related to 
aviation safety under an aviation safety action program meets the 
criteria for acceptance as a valid report under such program.
    (b) Disclaimer Required.--Any dissemination, within the 
participating organization, of a report that was submitted and accepted 
under an aviation safety action program pursuant to the presumption 
under subsection (a), but that has not undergone review by an event 
review committee, shall be accompanied by a disclaimer stating that the 
report--
        (1) has not been reviewed by an event review committee tasked 
    with reviewing such reports; and
        (2) may subsequently be determined to be ineligible for 
    inclusion in the aviation safety action program.
    (c) Rejection of Report.--
        (1) In general.--A report described under subsection (a) shall 
    be rejected from an aviation safety action program if, after a 
    review of the report, an event review committee tasked with 
    reviewing such report, or the Federal Aviation Administration 
    member of the event review committee in the case that the review 
    committee does not reach consensus, determines that the report 
    fails to meet the criteria for acceptance under such program.
        (2) Protections.--In any case in which a report of an 
    individual described under subsection (a) is rejected under 
    paragraph (1)--
            (A) the enforcement-related incentive offered to the 
        individual for making such a report shall not apply; and
            (B) the protection from disclosure of the report itself 
        under section 40123 of title 49, United States Code, shall not 
        apply.
        (3) Aviation safety action program defined.--In this section, 
    the term ``aviation safety action program'' means a program 
    established in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration 
    Advisory Circular 120-66B, issued November 15, 2002 (including any 
    similar successor advisory circular), to allow an individual to 
    voluntarily disclose operational or maintenance issues related to 
    aviation safety.
    SEC. 321. EVALUATION REGARDING ADDITIONAL GROUND BASED 
      TRANSMITTERS.
    The Administrator shall conduct an evaluation of providing 
additional ground based transmitters for Automatic Dependent 
Surveillance-Broadcasts (ADS-B) to provide a minimum operational 
network in Alaska along major flight routes.
    SEC. 322. IMPROVED SAFETY IN RURAL AREAS.
    The Administrator shall permit an air carrier operating pursuant to 
part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to operate to a 
destination with a published approach, in a noncontiguous State under 
instrument flight rules and conduct an instrument approach without a 
destination Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR) if a current Area 
Forecast, supplemented by noncertified local weather observations (such 
as weather cameras and human observations) is available, and an 
alternate airport that has a weather report is specified. The operator 
shall have approved procedures for departure and en route weather 
evaluation.
    SEC. 323. EXIT ROWS.
    (a) Review.--The Administrator shall conduct a review of current 
safety procedures regarding unoccupied exit rows on a covered aircraft 
in passenger air transportation during all stages of flight.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Administrator 
shall consult with air carriers, aviation manufacturers, and labor 
stakeholders.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the review.
    (d) Covered Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
aircraft'' means an aircraft operating under part 121 of title 14, Code 
of Federal Regulations.
    SEC. 324. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON FAA ENFORCEMENT POLICY.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall complete a study, and 
report to the appropriate committees of Congress on the results 
thereof, on the effectiveness of Order 8000.373, Federal Aviation 
Administration Compliance Philosophy, announced on June 26, 2015. Such 
study shall include information about--
        (1) whether reports of safety incidents increased following the 
    order;
        (2) whether reduced enforcement penalties increased the overall 
    number of safety incidents that occurred; and
        (3) whether FAA enforcement staff registered complaints about 
    reduced enforcement reducing compliance with safety regulations.
    SEC. 325. ANNUAL SAFETY INCIDENT REPORT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator, 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
regarding part 121 airline safety oversight.
    (b) Contents.--The annual report shall include--
        (1) a description of the Federal Aviation Administration's 
    safety oversight process to ensure the safety of the traveling 
    public;
        (2) a description of risk-based oversight methods applied to 
    ensure aviation safety, including to specific issues addressed in 
    the year preceding the report that in the determination of the 
    Administrator address safety risk; and
        (3) in the instance of specific reviews of air carrier 
    performance to safety regulations, a description of cases where the 
    timelines for recurrent reviews are advanced.
    SEC. 326. AIRCRAFT AIR QUALITY.
    (a) Educational Materials.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with 
relevant stakeholders, establish and make available on a publicly 
available Internet website of the Administration, educational materials 
for flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance technicians on 
how to respond to incidents on board aircraft involving smoke or fumes.
    (b) Reporting of Incidents of Smoke or Fumes on Board Aircraft.--
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, issue 
guidance for flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance 
technicians to report incidents of smoke or fumes on board an aircraft 
operated by a commercial air carrier and with respect to the basis on 
which commercial air carriers shall report such incidents through the 
Service Difficulty Reporting System.
    (c) Research to Develop Techniques to Monitor Bleed Air Quality.--
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall commission a study by the Airliner Cabin 
Environment Research Center of Excellence--
        (1) to identify and measure the constituents and levels of 
    constituents resulting from bleed air in the cabins of a 
    representative set of commercial aircraft in operation of the 
    United States;
        (2) to assess the potential health effects of such constituents 
    on passengers and cabin and flight deck crew;
        (3) to identify technologies suitable to provide reliable and 
    accurate warning of bleed air contamination, including technologies 
    to effectively monitor the aircraft air supply system when the 
    aircraft is in flight; and
        (4) to identify potential techniques to prevent fume events.
    (d) Report Required.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the feasibility, 
efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of certification and installation of 
systems to evaluate bleed air quality.
    (e) Pilot Program.--The FAA may conduct a pilot program to evaluate 
the effectiveness of technologies identified in subsection (c).
    SEC. 327. APPROACH CONTROL RADAR.
    The Administrator shall--
        (1) identify airports that are currently served by FAA towers 
    with nonradar approach and departure control (type 4 classification 
    in the Federal Aviation Administration OPSNET); and
        (2) develop an implementation plan, which takes into account 
    budgetary and flight volume considerations, to provide an airport 
    identified under paragraph (1), if appropriate, with approach 
    control radar.
    SEC. 328. REPORT ON AIRLINE AND PASSENGER SAFETY.
    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on airline and passenger safety.
    (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
        (1) the average age of commercial aircraft owned and operated 
    by United States air carriers;
        (2) the over-all use of planes, including average lifetime of 
    commercial aircraft;
        (3) the number of hours aircraft are in flight over the life of 
    the aircraft and the average number of hours on domestic and 
    international flights, respectively;
        (4) the impact of metal fatigue on aircraft usage and safety;
        (5) a review on contractor assisted maintenance of commercial 
    aircraft; and
        (6) a re-evaluation of the rules on inspection of aging 
    airplanes.
    SEC. 329. PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARDS.
    The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent possible and 
consistent with Federal law, and based on input by the public, ensure 
that regulations, guidance, and policies issued by the FAA on and after 
the date of enactment of this Act are issued in the form of 
performance-based standards, providing an equal or higher level of 
safety.
    SEC. 330. REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON CERTAIN AVIATION SAFETY 
      RISKS.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report that--
        (1) identifies safety risks associated with power outages at 
    airports caused by weather or other factors, and recommends actions 
    to improve resilience of aviation communication, navigation, and 
    surveillance systems in the event of such outages; and
        (2) reviews alerting mechanisms, devices, and procedures for 
    enhancing the situational awareness of pilots and air traffic 
    controllers in the event of a failure or an irregularity of runway 
    lights, and provides recommendations on the further implementation 
    of such mechanisms, devices, or procedures.
    SEC. 331. REVIEW OF FAA'S AVIATION SAFETY INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND 
      SHARING SYSTEM.
    (a) Audit by Department of Transportation Inspector General.--Not 
later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall initiate a 
follow-up review of the FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and 
Sharing (ASIAS) system to assess FAA's efforts and plans to improve the 
system.
    (b) Review.--The review shall include, at a minimum, an evaluation 
of FAA's efforts to improve the ASIAS system's predictive capabilities 
and solutions developed to more widely disseminate results of ASIAS 
data analyses, as well as an update on previous inspector general 
recommendations to improve this safety analysis and sharing system.
    (c) Report.--The inspector general shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review carried 
out under this section and any recommendations to improve FAA's ASIAS 
system.
    SEC. 332. AIRPORT RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING.
    (a) Firefighting Foam.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, using the latest version of 
National Fire Protection Association 403, ``Standard for Aircraft 
Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services at Airports'', and in coordination 
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, aircraft 
manufacturers and airports, shall not require the use of fluorinated 
chemicals to meet the performance standards referenced in chapter 6 of 
AC No: 150/5210-6D and acceptable under 139.319(l) of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations.
    (b) Training Facilities.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress--
        (1) a report on the number and sufficiency of aircraft rescue 
    and firefighting training facilities in each FAA region; and
        (2) a plan, if appropriate, to address any coverage gaps 
    identified in the report.
    SEC. 333. SAFE AIR TRANSPORTATION OF LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES.
    (a) Harmonization With ICAO Technical Instructions.--
        (1) Adoption of icao instructions.--
            (A) In general.--Pursuant to section 828 of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note), 
        not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        the Secretary of Transportation shall conform United States 
        regulations on the air transport of lithium cells and batteries 
        with the lithium cells and battery requirements in the 2015-
        2016 edition of the International Civil Aviation Organization's 
        (referred to in this subsection as ``ICAO'') Technical 
        Instructions (to include all addenda), including the revised 
        standards adopted by ICAO which became effective on April 1, 
        2016 and any further revisions adopted by ICAO prior to the 
        effective date of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018.
            (B) Further proceedings.--Beginning on the date the revised 
        regulations under subparagraph (A) are published in the Federal 
        Register, any lithium cell and battery rulemaking action or 
        update commenced on or after that date shall continue to comply 
        with the requirements under section 828 of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
        (2) Review of other regulations.--Pursuant to section 828 of 
    the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 
    note), the Secretary of Transportation may initiate a review of 
    other existing regulations regarding the air transportation, 
    including passenger-carrying and cargo aircraft, of lithium 
    batteries and cells.
    (b) Medical Device Batteries.--
        (1) In general.--For United States applicants, the Secretary of 
    Transportation shall consider and either grant or deny, not later 
    than 45 days after receipt of an application, an application 
    submitted in compliance with part 107 of title 49, Code of Federal 
    Regulations, for special permits or approvals for air 
    transportation of lithium ion cells or batteries specifically used 
    by medical devices. Not later than 30 days after the date of 
    application, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
    Administration shall provide a draft special permit to the Federal 
    Aviation Administration based on the application. The Federal 
    Aviation Administration shall conduct an on-site inspection for 
    issuance of the special permit not later than 20 days after the 
    date of receipt of the draft special permit from the Pipeline and 
    Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.
        (2) Limited exceptions to restrictions on air transportation of 
    medical device batteries.--The Secretary shall issue limited 
    exceptions to the restrictions on transportation of lithium ion and 
    lithium metal batteries to allow the shipment on a passenger 
    aircraft of not more than 2 replacement batteries specifically used 
    for a medical device if--
            (A) the intended destination of the batteries is not 
        serviced daily by cargo aircraft if a battery is required for 
        medically necessary care; and
            (B) with regard to a shipper of lithium ion or lithium 
        metal batteries for medical devices that cannot comply with a 
        charge limitation in place at the time, each battery is--
                (i) individually packed in an inner packaging that 
            completely encloses the battery;
                (ii) placed in a rigid outer packaging; and
                (iii) protected to prevent a short circuit.
        (3) Medial device defined.--ln this subsection, the term 
    ``medical device'' means an instrument, apparatus, implement, 
    machine, contrivance, implant, or in vitro reagent, including any 
    component, part, or accessory thereof, which is intended for use in 
    the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, 
    mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, of a person.
        (4) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
    construed as expanding or constricting any other authority the 
    Secretary of Transportation has under section 828 of the FAA 
    Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
    (c) Lithium Battery Safety Working Group.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
    establish a lithium battery safety working group (referred to as 
    the ``working group'' in this section) to promote and coordinate 
    efforts related to the promotion of the safe manufacture, use, and 
    transportation of lithium batteries and cells.
        (2) Duties.--The working group shall coordinate and facilitate 
    the transfer of knowledge and expertise among the following Federal 
    agencies:
            (A) The Department of Transportation.
            (B) The Consumer Product Safety Commission.
            (C) The National Institute on Standards and Technology.
            (D) The Food and Drug Administration.
        (3) Members.--The Secretary shall appoint not more than 8 
    members to the working group with expertise in the safe 
    manufacture, use, or transportation of lithium batteries and cells.
        (4) Subcommittees.--The Secretary, or members of the working 
    group, may--
            (A) establish working group subcommittees to focus on 
        specific issues related to the safe manufacture, use, or 
        transportation of lithium batteries and cells; and
            (B) include in a subcommittee the participation of 
        nonmember stakeholders with expertise in areas that the 
        Secretary or members consider necessary.
        (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date it is 
    established, the working group shall--
            (A) identify and assess--
                (i) additional ways to decrease the risk of fires and 
            explosions from lithium batteries and cells;
                (ii) additional ways to ensure uniform transportation 
            requirements for both bulk and individual batteries; and
                (iii) new or existing technologies that may reduce the 
            fire and explosion risk of lithium batteries and cells; and
            (B) transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the assessments conducted under subparagraph (A), 
        including any legislative recommendations to effectuate the 
        safety improvements described in clauses (i) through (iii) of 
        that subparagraph.
        (6) Termination.--The working group, and any working group 
    subcommittees, shall terminate 90 days after the date the report is 
    transmitted under paragraph (5).
    (d) Lithium Battery Air Safety Advisory Committee.--
        (1) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish, in accordance 
    with the requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
    U.S.C. App.), a lithium ion and lithium metal battery air safety 
    advisory committee (in this subsection referred to as the 
    ``Committee'').
        (2) Duties.--The Committee shall--
            (A) facilitate communication between manufacturers of 
        lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries, 
        manufacturers of products incorporating both large and small 
        lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, air carriers, and the 
        Federal Government regarding the safe air transportation of 
        lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries and the 
        effectiveness and economic and social impacts of the regulation 
        of such transportation;
            (B) provide the Secretary, the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
        Administration with timely information about new lithium ion 
        and lithium metal battery technology and transportation safety 
        practices and methodologies;
            (C) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide 
        information on and to discuss the activities of the Department 
        of Transportation relating to lithium ion and lithium metal 
        battery transportation safety, the policies underlying the 
        activities, and positions to be advocated in international 
        forums;
            (D) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide 
        information and receive advice on--
                (i) activities carried out throughout the world to 
            communicate and enforce relevant United States regulations 
            and the ICAO Technical Instructions; and
                (ii) the effectiveness of the activities;
            (E) provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary 
        with respect to lithium ion and lithium metal battery air 
        transportation safety, including how best to implement 
        activities to increase awareness of relevant requirements and 
        their importance to travelers and shippers; and
            (F) review methods to decrease the risk posed by air 
        shipment of undeclared hazardous materials and efforts to 
        educate those who prepare and offer hazardous materials for 
        shipment via air transport.
        (3) Membership.--The Committee shall be composed of the 
    following members:
            (A) Individuals appointed by the Secretary to represent--
                (i) large volume manufacturers of lithium ion and 
            lithium metal cells and batteries;
                (ii) domestic manufacturers of lithium ion and lithium 
            metal batteries or battery packs;
                (iii) manufacturers of consumer products powered by 
            lithium ion and lithium metal batteries;
                (iv) manufacturers of vehicles powered by lithium ion 
            and lithium metal batteries;
                (v) marketers of products powered by lithium ion and 
            lithium metal batteries;
                (vi) cargo air service providers based in the United 
            States;
                (vii) passenger air service providers based in the 
            United States;
                (viii) pilots and employees of air service providers 
            described in clauses (vi) and (vii);
                (ix) shippers of lithium ion and lithium metal 
            batteries for air transportation;
                (x) manufacturers of battery-powered medical devices or 
            batteries used in medical devices; and
                (xi) employees of the Department of Transportation, 
            including employees of the Federal Aviation Administration 
            and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
            Administration.
            (B) Representatives of such other Government departments 
        and agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate.
            (C) Any other individuals the Secretary determines are 
        appropriate to comply with Federal law.
        (4) Report.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        establishment of the Committee, the Committee shall submit to 
        the Secretary and the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report that--
                (i) describes and evaluates the steps being taken in 
            the private sector and by international regulatory 
            authorities to implement and enforce requirements relating 
            to the safe transportation by air of bulk shipments of 
            lithium ion cells and batteries; and
                (ii) identifies any areas of enforcement or regulatory 
            requirements for which there is consensus that greater 
            attention is needed.
            (B) Independent statements.--Each member of the Committee 
        shall be provided an opportunity to submit an independent 
        statement of views with the report submitted pursuant to 
        subparagraph (A).
        (5) Meetings.--
            (A) In general.--The Committee shall meet at the direction 
        of the Secretary and at least twice a year.
            (B) Preparation for icao meetings.--Notwithstanding 
        subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall convene a meeting of the 
        Committee in connection with and in advance of each meeting of 
        the International Civil Aviation Organization, or any of its 
        panels or working groups, addressing the safety of air 
        transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries to 
        brief Committee members on positions to be taken by the United 
        States at such meeting and provide Committee members a 
        meaningful opportunity to comment.
        (6) Termination.--The Committee shall terminate on the date 
    that is 6 years after the date on which the Committee is 
    established.
        (7) Termination of future of aviation advisory committee.--The 
    Future of Aviation Advisory Committee shall terminate on the date 
    on which the lithium ion battery air safety advisory committee is 
    established.
    (e) Cooperative Efforts to Ensure Compliance With Safety 
Regulations.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in 
    coordination with appropriate Federal agencies, shall carry out 
    cooperative efforts to ensure that shippers who offer lithium ion 
    and lithium metal batteries for air transport to or from the United 
    States comply with U.S. Hazardous Materials Regulations and ICAO 
    Technical Instructions.
        (2) Cooperative efforts.--The cooperative efforts the Secretary 
    shall carry out pursuant to paragraph (1) include the following:
            (A) Encouraging training programs at locations outside the 
        United States from which substantial cargo shipments of lithium 
        ion or lithium metal batteries originate for manufacturers, 
        freight forwarders, and other shippers and potential shippers 
        of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries.
            (B) Working with Federal, regional, and international 
        transportation agencies to ensure enforcement of U.S. Hazardous 
        Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions with 
        respect to shippers who offer noncompliant shipments of lithium 
        ion and lithium metal batteries.
            (C) Sharing information, as appropriate, with Federal, 
        regional, and international transportation agencies regarding 
        noncompliant shipments.
            (D) Pursuing a joint effort with the international aviation 
        community to develop a process to obtain assurances that 
        appropriate enforcement actions are taken to reduce the 
        likelihood of noncompliant shipments, especially with respect 
        to jurisdictions in which enforcement activities historically 
        have been limited.
            (E) Providing information in brochures and on the internet 
        in appropriate foreign languages and dialects that describes 
        the actions required to comply with U.S. Hazardous Materials 
        Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
            (F) Developing joint efforts with the international 
        aviation community to promote a better understanding of the 
        requirements of and methods of compliance with U.S. Hazardous 
        Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
        (3) Reporting.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 2 years, the 
    Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
    report on compliance with the policy set forth in subsection (e) 
    and the cooperative efforts carried out, or planned to be carried 
    out, under this subsection.
    (f) Packaging Improvements.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with 
interested stakeholders, shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress an evaluation of current practices for the packaging of 
lithium ion batteries and cells for air transportation, including 
recommendations, if any, to improve the packaging of such batteries and 
cells for air transportation in a safe, efficient, and cost-effective 
manner.
    (g) Department of Transportation Policy on International 
Representation.--
        (1) In general.--It shall be the policy of the Department of 
    Transportation to support the participation of industry and labor 
    stakeholders in all panels and working groups of the dangerous 
    goods panel of the ICAO and any other international test or 
    standard setting organization that considers proposals on the 
    safety or transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries 
    in which the United States participates.
        (2) Participation.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
    request that as part of the ICAO deliberations in the dangerous 
    goods panel on these issues, that appropriate experts on issues 
    under consideration be allowed to participate.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
        (1) ICAO technical instructions.--The term ``ICAO Technical 
    Instructions'' has the meaning given that term in section 828(c) of 
    the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 
    note).
        (2) U.S. hazardous materials regulations.--The term ``U.S. 
    Hazardous Materials Regulations'' means the regulations in parts 
    100 through 177 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (including 
    amendments adopted after the date of enactment of this Act).
    SEC. 334. RUNWAY SAFETY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on improving runway safety.
    (b) Contents.--In the report required under this section, the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) review the relative benefits and risks of requiring the use 
    of runway awareness and advisory systems in turbine-powered 
    airplanes with a maximum takeoff weight greater than 19,000 pounds;
        (2) review systems capable of detecting wrong-surface alignment 
    to determine whether the capability exists to detect imminent 
    wrong-surface landings at each airport where such a system is in 
    use;
        (3) describe information gathered from the use of the Airport 
    Surface Surveillance Capability system at San Francisco 
    International Airport since July 2017;
        (4) assess available technologies to determine whether it is 
    feasible, cost-effective, and appropriate to install and deploy, at 
    any airport, systems to provide a direct warning capability to 
    flight crews or air traffic controllers, or both, of potential 
    runway incursions; and
        (5) describe FAA efforts to develop metrics that would allow 
    the FAA to determine whether runway incursions are increasing and 
    to assess the effectiveness of implemented runway safety 
    initiatives.
    (c) Consultation.--The Administrator shall consult with the 
National Transportation Safety Board in developing the report required 
under this section.
    SEC. 335. FLIGHT ATTENDANT DUTY PERIOD LIMITATIONS AND REST 
      REQUIREMENTS.
    (a) Modification of Final Rule.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall modify 
    the final rule of the Federal Aviation Administration published in 
    the Federal Register on August 19, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 42974; 
    relating to flight attendant duty period limitations and rest 
    requirements) in accordance with the requirements of this 
    subsection.
        (2) Contents.--The final rule, as modified under paragraph (1), 
    shall ensure that--
            (A) a flight attendant scheduled to a duty period of 14 
        hours or less is given a scheduled rest period of at least 10 
        consecutive hours; and
            (B) the rest period is not reduced under any circumstances.
    (b) Fatigue Risk Management Plan.--
        (1) Submission of plan by part 121 air carriers.--Not later 
    than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, each air 
    carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
    Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part 121 air 
    carrier''), shall submit to the Administrator of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration for review and acceptance a fatigue risk 
    management plan for the carrier's flight attendants.
        (2) Contents of plan.--A fatigue risk management plan submitted 
    by a part 121 air carrier under paragraph (1) shall include the 
    following:
            (A) Current flight time and duty period limitations.
            (B) A rest scheme consistent with such limitations that 
        enables the management of flight attendant fatigue, including 
        annual training to increase awareness of--
                (i) fatigue;
                (ii) the effects of fatigue on flight attendants; and
                (iii) fatigue countermeasures.
            (C) Development and use of a methodology that continually 
        assesses the effectiveness of implementation of the plan, 
        including the ability of the plan--
                (i) to improve alertness; and
                (ii) to mitigate performance errors.
        (3) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
    of this Act, the Administrator shall review and accept or reject 
    each fatigue risk management plan submitted under this subsection. 
    If the Administrator rejects a plan, the Administrator shall 
    provide suggested modifications for resubmission of the plan.
        (4) Plan updates.--
            (A) In general.--A part 121 air carrier shall update its 
        fatigue risk management plan under paragraph (1) every 2 years 
        and submit the update to the Administrator for review and 
        acceptance.
            (B) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        submission of a plan update under subparagraph (A), the 
        Administrator shall review and accept or reject the update. If 
        the Administrator rejects an update, the Administrator shall 
        provide suggested modifications for resubmission of the update.
        (5) Compliance.--A part 121 air carrier shall comply with the 
    fatigue risk management plan of the air carrier that is accepted by 
    the Administrator under this subsection.
        (6) Civil penalties.--A violation of this subsection by a part 
    121 air carrier shall be treated as a violation of chapter 447 of 
    title 49, United States Code, for purposes of the application of 
    civil penalties under chapter 463 of that title.
    SEC. 336. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS.
    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Saracini 
Aviation Safety Act of 2018''.
    (b) Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall issue an order requiring installation of a 
secondary cockpit barrier on each new aircraft that is manufactured for 
delivery to a passenger air carrier in the United States operating 
under the provisions of part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations.
    SEC. 337. AIRCRAFT CABIN EVACUATION PROCEDURES.
    (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall review--
        (1) evacuation certification of transport-category aircraft 
    used in air transportation, with regard to--
            (A) emergency conditions, including impacts into water;
            (B) crew procedures used for evacuations under actual 
        emergency conditions;
            (C) any relevant changes to passenger demographics and 
        legal requirements, including the Americans with Disabilities 
        Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), that affect emergency 
        evacuations; and
            (D) any relevant changes to passenger seating 
        configurations, including changes to seat width, padding, 
        reclining, size, pitch, leg room, and aisle width; and
        (2) recent accidents and incidents in which passengers 
    evacuated such aircraft.
    (b) Consultation; Review of Data.--In conducting the review under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
        (1) consult with the National Transportation Safety Board, 
    transport-category aircraft manufacturers, air carriers, and other 
    relevant experts and Federal agencies, including groups 
    representing passengers, airline crew members, maintenance 
    employees, and emergency responders; and
        (2) review relevant data with respect to evacuation 
    certification of transport-category aircraft.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
review under subsection (a) and related recommendations, if any, 
including recommendations for revisions to the assumptions and methods 
used for assessing evacuation certification of transport-category 
aircraft.
    SEC. 338. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
    It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) each air carrier should have in place policies and 
    procedures to address sexual misconduct, including policies and 
    procedures to--
            (B) facilitate the reporting of sexual misconduct to 
        appropriate law enforcement agencies;
            (C) communicate to personnel and passengers of the air 
        carrier the rights of such individuals with respect to sexual 
        misconduct;
            (D) train personnel of the air carrier to recognize and 
        respond appropriately to, and to notify the appropriate law 
        enforcement agency of, sexual misconduct; and
            (E) ensure other appropriate actions are undertaken to 
        respond effectively to sexual misconduct; and
        (2) individuals who perpetrate sexual misconduct should be held 
    accountable under all applicable Federal and State laws.
    SEC. 339. CIVIL PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE.
    (a) Interference With Cabin or Flight Crew.--Section 46318(a) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by inserting ``or sexually'' after ``physically'' each 
    place it appears; and
        (2) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$35,000''.
SEC. 339A. NATIONAL IN-FLIGHT SEXUAL MISCONDUCT TASK FORCE.
    (a) Establishment of Task Force.--The Secretary of Transportation 
shall establish a task force, to be known as the ``National In-Flight 
Sexual Misconduct Task Force'' (referred to in this section as ``Task 
Force'') to--
        (1) review current practices, protocols and requirements of air 
    carriers in responding to allegations of sexual misconduct by 
    passengers onboard aircraft, including training, reporting and data 
    collection; and
        (2) provide recommendations on training, reporting and data 
    collection regarding allegations of sexual misconduct occurring on 
    passenger airline flights that are informed by the review of 
    information described in paragraph (1) and subsection (c)(5) on 
    passengers who have experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.
    (b) Membership.--The Task Force shall be composed of, at a minimum, 
representatives from--
        (1) Department of Transportation;
        (2) Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of 
    Investigation, Office of Victims for Crimes, and the Office on 
    Violence Against Women;
        (3) National organizations that specialize in providing 
    services to sexual assault victims;
        (4) labor organizations that represent flight attendants;
        (5) labor organizations that represent pilots;
        (6) airports;
        (7) air carriers;
        (8) State and local law enforcement agencies; and
        (9) such other Federal agencies and stakeholder organizations 
    as the Secretary of Transportation considers appropriate.
    (c) Purpose of Task Force.--The purpose of the Task Force shall be 
to--
        (1) issue recommendations for addressing allegations of sexual 
    misconduct by passengers onboard aircraft, including airline 
    employee and contractor training;
        (2) issue recommendations on effective ways for passengers 
    involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct to report such 
    allegation of sexual misconduct;
        (3) issue recommendations on how to most effectively provide 
    data on instances of alleged sexual misconduct onboard aircraft and 
    to whom the data collected should be reported in a manner that 
    protects the privacy and confidentiality of individuals involved in 
    incidents of alleged sexual misconduct and precludes the release of 
    data that publically identifies an individual air carrier to enable 
    better understanding of the frequency and severity of such 
    misconduct;
        (4) issue recommendations for flight attendants, pilots, and 
    other appropriate airline personnel on law enforcement notification 
    in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct;
        (5) review and utilize first-hand accounts from passengers who 
    have experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft; and
        (6) other matters deemed necessary by the Task Force.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Task Force shall submit a report with its recommendations 
and findings developed pursuant to subsection (c) to the Secretary of 
Transportation.
    (e) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after receiving the report 
required under subsection (d) the Secretary of Transportation, in 
coordination with relevant federal agencies, shall submit to 
appropriate committees of Congress a plan to address the 
recommendations in the report required under subsection (d). The 
Secretary of Transportation shall make changes to guidance, policies 
and regulations, as necessary, within 1 year of submitting the plan 
required in this subsection.
    (f) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after submitting the plan 
required in this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation may issue 
regulations as deemed necessary to require each air carrier and other 
covered entity to develop a policy concerning sexual misconduct in 
accordance with the recommendations and findings of the Task Force 
under subsection (c).
    (g) Sunset.--The Task Force established pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall terminate upon the submission of the report pursuant to 
subsection (d).
SEC. 339B. REPORTING PROCESS FOR SEXUAL MISCONDUCT ONBOARD AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in coordination with 
relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a streamlined process, based 
on the plan required under section 339A(e) of this Act, for individuals 
involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct onboard aircraft to 
report such allegations of sexual misconduct to law enforcement in a 
manner that protects the privacy and confidentiality of individuals 
involved in such allegations.
    (b) Availability of Reporting Process.--The process for reporting 
established under subsection (a) shall be made available to the public 
on the primary Internet websites of--
        (1) the Office for Victims of Crime and the Office on Violence 
    Against Women of the Department of Justice;
        (2) the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
        (3) the Department of Transportation.

                 Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

    SEC. 341. DEFINITIONS; INTEGRATION OF CIVIL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT 
      SYSTEMS INTO NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.
    (a) In General.--Part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 447 the following:

                ``CHAPTER 448--UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

``Sec.
``44801. Definitions.
``44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into national 
          airspace system.

``Sec. 44801. Definitions
    ``In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
        ``(1) Actively tethered unmanned aircraft system.--The term 
    `actively tethered unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned 
    aircraft system in which the unmanned aircraft component--
            ``(A) weighs 4.4 pounds or less, including payload but not 
        including the tether;
            ``(B) is physically attached to a ground station with a 
        taut, appropriately load-rated tether that provides continuous 
        power to the unmanned aircraft and is unlikely to be separated 
        from the unmanned aircraft; and
            ``(C) is controlled and retrieved by such ground station 
        through physical manipulation of the tether.
        ``(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
    `appropriate committees of Congress' means the Committee on 
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives.
        ``(3) Arctic.--The term `Arctic' means the United States zone 
    of the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and Bering Sea north of the 
    Aleutian chain.
        ``(4) Certificate of waiver; certificate of authorization.--The 
    terms `certificate of waiver' and `certificate of authorization' 
    mean a Federal Aviation Administration grant of approval for a 
    specific flight operation.
        ``(5) Counter-UAS system.--The term `counter-UAS system' means 
    a system or device capable of lawfully and safely disabling, 
    disrupting, or seizing control of an unmanned aircraft or unmanned 
    aircraft system.
        ``(6) Permanent areas.--The term `permanent areas' means areas 
    on land or water that provide for launch, recovery, and operation 
    of small unmanned aircraft.
        ``(7) Public unmanned aircraft system.--The term `public 
    unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned aircraft system that 
    meets the qualifications and conditions required for operation of a 
    public aircraft.
        ``(8) Sense and avoid capability.--The term `sense and avoid 
    capability' means the capability of an unmanned aircraft to remain 
    a safe distance from and to avoid collisions with other airborne 
    aircraft, structures on the ground, and other objects.
        ``(9) Small unmanned aircraft.--The term `small unmanned 
    aircraft' means an unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds, 
    including the weight of anything attached to or carried by the 
    aircraft.
        ``(10) Test range.--The term `test range' means a defined 
    geographic area where research and development are conducted as 
    authorized by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration, and includes any of the 6 test ranges established 
    by the Administrator under section 332(c) of the FAA Modernization 
    and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), as in effect on the 
    day before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 
    2018, and any public entity authorized by the Federal Aviation 
    Administration as an unmanned aircraft system flight test center 
    before January 1, 2009.
        ``(11) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' means 
    an aircraft that is operated without the possibility of direct 
    human intervention from within or on the aircraft.
        ``(12) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term `unmanned aircraft 
    system' means an unmanned aircraft and associated elements 
    (including communication links and the components that control the 
    unmanned aircraft) that are required for the operator to operate 
    safely and efficiently in the national airspace system.
        ``(13) UTM.--The term `UTM' means an unmanned aircraft system 
    traffic management system or service.
``Sec. 44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into 
     national airspace system
    ``(a) Required Planning for Integration.--
        ``(1) Comprehensive plan.--Not later than November 10, 2012, 
    the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with 
    representatives of the aviation industry, Federal agencies that 
    employ unmanned aircraft systems technology in the national 
    airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft systems industry, shall 
    develop a comprehensive plan to safely accelerate the integration 
    of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace 
    system.
        ``(2) Contents of plan.--The plan required under paragraph (1) 
    shall contain, at a minimum, recommendations or projections on--
            ``(A) the rulemaking to be conducted under subsection (b), 
        with specific recommendations on how the rulemaking will--
                ``(i) define the acceptable standards for operation and 
            certification of civil unmanned aircraft systems;
                ``(ii) ensure that any civil unmanned aircraft system 
            includes a sense-and-avoid capability; and
                ``(iii) establish standards and requirements for the 
            operator and pilot of a civil unmanned aircraft system, 
            including standards and requirements for registration and 
            licensing;
            ``(B) the best methods to enhance the technologies and 
        subsystems necessary to achieve the safe and routine operation 
        of civil unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace 
        system;
            ``(C) a phased-in approach to the integration of civil 
        unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system;
            ``(D) a timeline for the phased-in approach described under 
        subparagraph (C);
            ``(E) creation of a safe airspace designation for 
        cooperative manned and unmanned flight operations in the 
        national airspace system;
            ``(F) establishment of a process to develop certification, 
        flight standards, and air traffic requirements for civil 
        unmanned aircraft systems at test ranges where such systems are 
        subject to testing;
            ``(G) the best methods to ensure the safe operation of 
        civil unmanned aircraft systems and public unmanned aircraft 
        systems simultaneously in the national airspace system; and
            ``(H) incorporation of the plan into the annual NextGen 
        Implementation Plan document (or any successor document) of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration.
        ``(3) Deadline.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall 
    provide for the safe integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems 
    into the national airspace system as soon as practicable, but not 
    later than September 30, 2015.
        ``(4) Report to congress.--Not later than February 14, 2013, 
    the Secretary shall submit to Congress a copy of the plan required 
    under paragraph (1).
        ``(5) Roadmap.--Not later than February 14, 2013, the Secretary 
    shall approve and make available in print and on the 
    Administration's internet website a 5-year roadmap for the 
    introduction of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national 
    airspace system, as coordinated by the Unmanned Aircraft Program 
    Office of the Administration. The Secretary shall update, in 
    coordination with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 
    Space Administration (NASA) and relevant stakeholders, including 
    those in industry and academia, the roadmap annually. The roadmap 
    shall include, at a minimum--
            ``(A) cost estimates, planned schedules, and performance 
        benchmarks, including specific tasks, milestones, and 
        timelines, for unmanned aircraft systems integration into the 
        national airspace system, including an identification of--
                ``(i) the role of the unmanned aircraft systems test 
            ranges established under subsection (c) and the Unmanned 
            Aircraft Systems Center of Excellence;
                ``(ii) performance objectives for unmanned aircraft 
            systems that operate in the national airspace system; and
                ``(iii) research and development priorities for tools 
            that could assist air traffic controllers as unmanned 
            aircraft systems are integrated into the national airspace 
            system, as appropriate;
            ``(B) a description of how the Administration plans to use 
        research and development, including research and development 
        conducted through NASA's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic 
        Management initiatives, to accommodate, integrate, and provide 
        for the evolution of unmanned aircraft systems in the national 
        airspace system;
            ``(C) an assessment of critical performance abilities 
        necessary to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the 
        national airspace system, and how these performance abilities 
        can be demonstrated; and
            ``(D) an update on the advancement of technologies needed 
        to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national 
        airspace system, including decisionmaking by adaptive systems, 
        such as sense-and-avoid capabilities and cyber physical systems 
        security.
    ``(b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after the date on which 
the plan required under subsection (a)(1) is submitted to Congress 
under subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal 
Register--
        ``(1) a final rule on small unmanned aircraft systems that will 
    allow for civil operation of such systems in the national airspace 
    system, to the extent the systems do not meet the requirements for 
    expedited operational authorization under section 44807;
        ``(2) a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement the 
    recommendations of the plan required under subsection (a)(1), with 
    the final rule to be published not later than 16 months after the 
    date of publication of the notice; and
        ``(3) an update to the Administration's most recent policy 
    statement on unmanned aircraft systems, contained in Docket No. 
    FAA-2006-25714.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Table of chapters.--The table of chapters for subtitle VII 
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
    item relating to chapter 447 the following:

``448 . Unmanned aircraft systems...............................44801''.

        (2) Repeal.--Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
    Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that 
    section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are 
    repealed.
    SEC. 342. UPDATE OF FAA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall update the 
comprehensive plan described in section 44802 of title 49, United 
States Code, to develop a concept of operations for the integration of 
unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the update under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
        (1) the potential use of UTM and other technologies to ensure 
    the safe and lawful operation of unmanned aircraft in the national 
    airspace system;
        (2) the appropriate roles, responsibilities, and authorities of 
    government agencies and the private sector in identifying and 
    reporting unlawful or harmful operations and operators of unmanned 
    aircraft;
        (3) the use of models, threat assessments, probabilities, and 
    other methods to distinguish between lawful and unlawful operations 
    of unmanned aircraft; and
        (4) appropriate systems, training, intergovernmental processes, 
    protocols, and procedures to mitigate risks and hazards posed by 
    unlawful or harmful operations of unmanned aircraft systems.
    (c) Consultation.--The Secretary shall carry out the update under 
subsection (a) in consultation with representatives of the aviation 
industry, Federal agencies that employ unmanned aircraft systems 
technology in the national airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft 
systems industry.
    (d) Program Alignment Report.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress, a report that describes a strategy 
to--
        (1) avoid duplication;
        (2) leverage capabilities learned across programs;
        (3) support the safe integration of UAS into the national 
    airspace; and
        (4) systematically and timely implement or execute--
            (A) commercially-operated Low Altitude Authorization and 
        Notification Capability;
            (B) the Unmanned Aircraft System Integration Pilot Program; 
        and
            (C) the Unmanned Traffic Management Pilot Program.
    SEC. 343. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TEST RANGES.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44803. Unmanned aircraft test ranges
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall carry out and update, as appropriate, a program 
for the use of the test ranges to facilitate the safe integration of 
unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system.
    ``(b) Program Requirements.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
        ``(1) designate airspace for safely testing the integration of 
    unmanned flight operations in the national airspace system;
        ``(2) develop operational standards and air traffic 
    requirements for unmanned flight operations at test ranges;
        ``(3) coordinate with, and leverage the resources of, the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of 
    Defense;
        ``(4) address both civil and public unmanned aircraft systems;
        ``(5) ensure that the program is coordinated with relevant 
    aspects of the Next Generation Air Transportation System;
        ``(6) provide for verification of the safety of unmanned 
    aircraft systems and related navigation procedures as it relates to 
    continued development of standards for integration into the 
    national airspace system;
        ``(7) engage test range operators, as necessary and within 
    available resources, in projects for research, development, 
    testing, and evaluation of unmanned aircraft systems to facilitate 
    the Federal Aviation Administration's development of standards for 
    the safe integration of unmanned aircraft into the national 
    airspace system, which may include solutions for--
            ``(A) developing and enforcing geographic and altitude 
        limitations;
            ``(B) providing for alerts by the manufacturer of an 
        unmanned aircraft system regarding any hazards or limitations 
        on flight, including prohibition on flight as necessary;
            ``(C) sense and avoid capabilities;
            ``(D) beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations, nighttime 
        operations, operations over people, operation of multiple small 
        unmanned aircraft systems, and unmanned aircraft systems 
        traffic management, or other critical research priorities; and
            ``(E) improving privacy protections through the use of 
        advances in unmanned aircraft systems technology;
        ``(8) coordinate periodically with all test range operators to 
    ensure test range operators know which data should be collected, 
    what procedures should be followed, and what research would advance 
    efforts to safely integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the 
    national airspace system;
        ``(9) streamline to the extent practicable the approval process 
    for test ranges when processing unmanned aircraft certificates of 
    waiver or authorization for operations at the test sites;
        ``(10) require each test range operator to protect proprietary 
    technology, sensitive data, or sensitive research of any civil or 
    private entity when using that test range without the need to 
    obtain an experimental or special airworthiness certificate;
        ``(11) allow test range operators to receive Federal funding, 
    other than from the Federal Aviation Administration, including in-
    kind contributions, from test range participants in the furtherance 
    of research, development, and testing objectives.
    ``(c) Waivers.--In carrying out this section the Administrator may 
waive the requirements of section 44711 of title 49, United States 
Code, including related regulations, to the extent consistent with 
aviation safety.
    ``(d) Review of Operations by Test Range Operators.--The operator 
of each test range under subsection (a) shall--
        ``(1) review the operations of unmanned aircraft systems 
    conducted at the test range, including--
            ``(A) ongoing or completed research; and
            ``(B) data regarding operations by private and public 
        operators; and
        ``(2) submit to the Administrator, in such form and manner as 
    specified by the Administrator, the results of the review, 
    including recommendations to further enable private research and 
    development operations at the test ranges that contribute to the 
    Federal Aviation Administration's safe integration of unmanned 
    aircraft systems into the national airspace system, on a quarterly 
    basis until the program terminates.
    ``(e) Testing.--The Secretary of Transportation may authorize an 
operator of a test range described in subsection (a) to administer 
testing requirements established by the Administrator for unmanned 
aircraft systems operations.
    ``(f) Collaborative Research and Development Agreements.--The 
Administrator may use the other transaction authority under section 
106(l)(6) and enter into collaborative research and development 
agreements, to direct research related to unmanned aircraft systems, 
including at any test range under subsection (a), and in coordination 
with the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
    ``(g) Use of Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
The Administrator, in carrying out research necessary to implement the 
consensus safety standards requirements in section 44805 shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable, leverage the research and testing capacity 
and capabilities of the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft 
Systems and the test ranges.
    ``(h) Termination.--The program under this section shall terminate 
on September 30, 2023.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44803. Unmanned aircraft system test ranges.''.
    SEC. 344. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT IN THE ARCTIC.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall develop a 
plan and initiate a process to work with relevant Federal agencies and 
national and international communities to designate permanent areas in 
the Arctic where small unmanned aircraft may operate 24 hours per day 
for research and commercial purposes.
    ``(b) Plan Contents.--The plan under subsection (a) shall include 
the development of processes to facilitate the safe operation of small 
unmanned aircraft beyond the visual line of sight.
    ``(c) Requirements.--Each permanent area designated under 
subsection (a) shall enable over-water flights from the surface to at 
least 2,000 feet in altitude, with ingress and egress routes from 
selected coastal launch sites.
    ``(d) Agreements.--To implement the plan under subsection (a), the 
Secretary may enter into an agreement with relevant national and 
international communities.
    ``(e) Aircraft Approval.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 1 
    year after the entry into force of an agreement necessary to 
    effectuate the purposes of this section, the Secretary shall work 
    with relevant national and international communities to establish 
    and implement a process for approving the use of a small unmanned 
    aircraft in the designated permanent areas in the Arctic without 
    regard to whether the small unmanned aircraft is used as a public 
    aircraft, a civil aircraft, or a model aircraft.
        ``(2) Existing process.--The Secretary may implement an 
    existing process to meet the requirements under paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.''.
    SEC. 345. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY STANDARDS.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44805. Small Unmanned aircraft safety standards
    ``(a) FAA Process for Acceptance and Authorization.--The 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a 
process for--
        ``(1) accepting risk-based consensus safety standards related 
    to the design, production, and modification of small unmanned 
    aircraft systems;
        ``(2) authorizing the operation of small unmanned aircraft 
    system make and model designed, produced, or modified in accordance 
    with the consensus safety standards accepted under paragraph (1);
        ``(3) authorizing a manufacturer to self-certify a small 
    unmanned aircraft system make or model that complies with consensus 
    safety standards accepted under paragraph (1); and
        ``(4) certifying a manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft 
    systems, or an employee of such manufacturer, that has demonstrated 
    compliance with the consensus safety standards accepted under 
    paragraph (1) and met any other qualifying criteria, as determined 
    by the Administrator, to alternatively satisfy the requirements of 
    paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Considerations.--Before accepting consensus safety standards 
under subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall consider the following:
        ``(1) Technologies or standards related to geographic 
    limitations, altitude limitations, and sense and avoid 
    capabilities.
        ``(2) Using performance-based requirements.
        ``(3) Assessing varying levels of risk posed by different small 
    unmanned aircraft systems and their operation and tailoring 
    performance-based requirements to appropriately mitigate risk.
        ``(4) Predetermined action to maintain safety in the event that 
    a communications link between a small unmanned aircraft and its 
    operator is lost or compromised.
        ``(5) Detectability and identifiability to pilots, the Federal 
    Aviation Administration, and air traffic controllers, as 
    appropriate.
        ``(6) Means to prevent tampering with or modification of any 
    system, limitation, or other safety mechanism or standard under 
    this section or any other provision of law, including a means to 
    identify any tampering or modification that has been made.
        ``(7) Consensus identification standards under section 2202 of 
    the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 
    114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
        ``(8) To the extent not considered previously by the consensus 
    body that crafted consensus safety standards, cost-benefit and risk 
    analyses of consensus safety standards that may be accepted 
    pursuant to subsection (a) for newly designed small unmanned 
    aircraft systems.
        ``(9) Applicability of consensus safety standards to small 
    unmanned aircraft systems that are not manufactured commercially.
        ``(10) Any technology or standard related to small unmanned 
    aircraft systems that promotes aviation safety.
        ``(11) Any category of unmanned aircraft systems that should be 
    exempt from the consensus safety standards based on risk factors.
    ``(e) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--The process for authorizing 
the operation of small unmanned aircraft systems under subsection (a) 
may allow for operation of any applicable small unmanned aircraft 
systems within the national airspace system without requiring--
        ``(1) airworthiness certification requirements under section 
    44704 of this title; or
        ``(2) type certification under part 21 of title 14, Code of 
    Federal Regulations.
    ``(f) Revocation.--The Administrator may suspend or revoke the 
authorizations in subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that 
the manufacturer or the small unmanned aircraft system is no longer in 
compliance with the standards accepted by the Administrator under 
subsection (a)(1) or with the manufacturer's statement of compliance 
under subsection (h).
    ``(g) Requirements.--With regard to an authorization under the 
processes in subsection (a), the Administrator may require a 
manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft systems to provide the Federal 
Aviation Administration with the following:
        ``(1) The aircraft system's operating instructions.
        ``(2) The aircraft system's recommended maintenance and 
    inspection procedures.
        ``(3) The manufacturer's statement of compliance described in 
    subsection (h).
        ``(4) Upon request, a sample aircraft to be inspected by the 
    Federal Aviation Administration to ensure compliance with the 
    consensus safety standards accepted by the Administrator under 
    subsection (a).
    ``(h) Manufacturer's Statement of Compliance for Small UAS.--A 
manufacturer's statement of compliance shall--
        ``(1) identify the aircraft make, model, range of serial 
    numbers, and any applicable consensus safety standards used and 
    accepted by the Administrator;
        ``(2) state that the aircraft make and model meets the 
    provisions of the consensus safety standards identified in 
    paragraph (1);
        ``(3) state that the aircraft make and model conforms to the 
    manufacturer's design data and is manufactured in a way that 
    ensures consistency across units in the production process in order 
    to meet the applicable consensus safety standards accepted by the 
    Administrator;
        ``(4) state that the manufacturer will make available to the 
    Administrator, operators, or customers--
            ``(A) the aircraft's operating instructions, which conform 
        to the consensus safety standards identified in paragraph (1); 
        and
            ``(B) the aircraft's recommended maintenance and inspection 
        procedures, which conform to the consensus safety standards 
        identified in paragraph (1);
        ``(5) state that the manufacturer will monitor safety-of-flight 
    issues and take action to ensure it meets the consensus safety 
    standards identified in paragraph (1) and report these issues and 
    subsequent actions to the Administrator;
        ``(6) state that at the request of the Administrator, the 
    manufacturer will provide reasonable access for the Administrator 
    to its facilities for the purposes of overseeing compliance with 
    this section; and
        ``(7) state that the manufacturer, in accordance with the 
    consensus safety standards accepted by the Federal Aviation 
    Administration, has--
            ``(A) ground and flight tested random samples of the 
        aircraft;
            ``(B) found the sample aircraft performance acceptable; and
            ``(C) determined that the make and model of aircraft is 
        suitable for safe operation.
    ``(i) Prohibitions.--
        ``(1) False statements of compliance.--It shall be unlawful for 
    any person to knowingly submit a statement of compliance described 
    in subsection (h) that is fraudulent or intentionally false.
        ``(2) Introduction into interstate commerce.--Unless the 
    Administrator determines operation of an unmanned aircraft system 
    may be conducted without an airworthiness certificate or 
    permission, authorization, or approval under subsection (a), it 
    shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly introduce or deliver 
    for introduction into interstate commerce any small unmanned 
    aircraft system that is manufactured after the date that the 
    Administrator accepts consensus safety standards under this section 
    unless--
            ``(A) the make and model has been authorized for operation 
        under subsection (a); or
            ``(B) the aircraft has alternatively received design and 
        production approval issued by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
    ``(j) Exclusions.--The Administrator may exempt from the 
requirements of this section small unmanned aircraft systems that are 
not capable of navigating beyond the visual line of sight of the 
operator through advanced flight systems and technology, if the 
Administrator determines that such an exemption does not pose a risk to 
the safety of the national airspace system.''.
    (b) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Research Facility.--The Center of 
Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems shall establish an unmanned 
aircraft systems research facility to study appropriate safety 
standards for unmanned aircraft systems and to validate such standards, 
as directed by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, consistent with section 44805 of title 49, United 
States Code, as added by this section.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``44805. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.''.
    SEC. 346. PUBLIC UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems
    ``(a) Guidance.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue 
guidance regarding the operation of a public unmanned aircraft system--
        ``(1) to streamline and expedite the process for the issuance 
    of a certificate of authorization or a certificate of waiver;
        ``(2) to facilitate the capability of public agencies to 
    develop and use test ranges, subject to operating restrictions 
    required by the Federal Aviation Administration, to test and 
    operate public unmanned aircraft systems; and
        ``(3) to provide guidance on a public agency's responsibilities 
    when operating an unmanned aircraft without a civil airworthiness 
    certificate issued by the Administration.
    ``(b) Agreements With Government Agencies.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an agreement 
    with each appropriate public agency to simplify the process for 
    issuing a certificate of waiver or a certificate of authorization 
    with respect to an application for authorization to operate a 
    public unmanned aircraft system in the national airspace system.
        ``(2) Contents.--An agreement under paragraph (1) shall--
            ``(A) with respect to an application described in paragraph 
        (1)--
                ``(i) provide for an expedited review of the 
            application;
                ``(ii) require a decision by the Administrator on 
            approval or disapproval not later than 60 business days 
            after the date of submission of the application; and
                ``(iii) allow for an expedited appeal if the 
            application is disapproved;
            ``(B) allow for a one-time approval of similar operations 
        carried out during a fixed period of time; and
            ``(C) allow a government public safety agency to operate an 
        unmanned aircraft weighing 4.4 pounds or less if that unmanned 
        aircraft is operated--
                ``(i) within or beyond the visual line of sight of the 
            operator;
                ``(ii) less than 400 feet above the ground;
                ``(iii) during daylight conditions;
                ``(iv) within Class G airspace; and
                ``(v) outside of 5 statute miles from any airport, 
            heliport, seaplane base, spaceport, or other location with 
            aviation activities.
    ``(c) Public Actively Tethered Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration shall permit the use of, and may issue guidance 
    regarding, the use of public actively tethered unmanned aircraft 
    systems that are--
            ``(A) operated at an altitude of less than 150 feet above 
        ground level;
            ``(B) operated--
                ``(i) within class G airspace; or
                ``(ii) at or below the ceiling depicted on the Federal 
            Aviation Administration's published UAS facility maps for 
            class B, C, D, or E surface area airspace;
            ``(C) not flown directly over non-participating persons;
            ``(D) operated within visual line of sight of the operator; 
        and
            ``(E) operated in a manner that does not interfere with and 
        gives way to any other aircraft.
        ``(2) Requirements.--Public actively tethered unmanned aircraft 
    systems may be operated --
            ``(A) without any requirement to obtain a certificate of 
        authorization, certificate of waiver, or other approval by the 
        Federal Aviation Administration;
            ``(B) without requiring airman certification under section 
        44703 of this title or any rule or regulation relating to 
        airman certification; and
            ``(C) without requiring airworthiness certification under 
        section 44704 of this title or any rule or regulation relating 
        to aircraft certification.
        ``(3) Safety standards.--Public actively tethered unmanned 
    aircraft systems operated within the scope of the guidance issued 
    pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be exempt from the requirements of 
    section 44805 of this title.
        ``(4) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
    construed to preclude the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration from issuing new regulations for public actively 
    tethered unmanned aircraft systems in order to ensure the safety of 
    the national airspace system.
    ``(d) Federal Agency Coordination to Enhance the Public Health and 
Safety Capabilities of Public Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--The 
Administrator shall assist Federal civilian Government agencies that 
operate unmanned aircraft systems within civil-controlled airspace, in 
operationally deploying and integrating sense and avoid capabilities, 
as necessary to operate unmanned aircraft systems safely within the 
national airspace system.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 
    of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further 
    amended by adding at the end the following:

``44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems.''.

        (2) Public unmanned aircraft systems.--Section 334 of the FAA 
    Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the 
    item relating to that section in the table of contents under 
    section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are repealed.
        (3) Facilitating interagency cooperation.--Section 2204(a) of 
    the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 
    114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended by striking ``section 334(c) of 
    the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 
    note)'' and inserting ``section 44806 of title 49, United States 
    Code''.
    SEC. 347. SPECIAL AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other requirement of this 
chapter, the Secretary of Transportation shall use a risk-based 
approach to determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate 
safely in the national airspace system notwithstanding completion of 
the comprehensive plan and rulemaking required by section 44802 or the 
guidance required by section 44806.
    ``(b) Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--In making the 
determination under subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine, at a 
minimum--
        ``(1) which types of unmanned aircraft systems, if any, as a 
    result of their size, weight, speed, operational capability, 
    proximity to airports and populated areas, operation over people, 
    and operation within or beyond the visual line of sight, or 
    operation during the day or night, do not create a hazard to users 
    of the national airspace system or the public; and
        ``(2) whether a certificate under section 44703 or section 
    44704 of this title, or a certificate of waiver or certificate of 
    authorization, is required for the operation of unmanned aircraft 
    systems identified under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
    ``(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Secretary determines 
under this section that certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate 
safely in the national airspace system, the Secretary shall establish 
requirements for the safe operation of such aircraft systems in the 
national airspace system, including operation related to research, 
development, and testing of proprietary systems.
    ``(d) Sunset.--The authority under this section for the Secretary 
to determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in 
the national airspace system terminates effective September 30, 
2023.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, 
    as added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
    following:

``44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.''.

        (2) Special rules for certain unmanned aircraft systems.--
    Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
    U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the 
    table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are 
    repealed.
    SEC. 348. CARRIAGE OF PROPERTY BY SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 
      FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems 
     for compensation or hire
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator of 
the Federal Aviation Administration shall update existing regulations 
to authorize the carriage of property by operators of small unmanned 
aircraft systems for compensation or hire within the United States.
    ``(b) Contents.--Any rulemaking conducted under subsection (a) 
shall provide for the following:
        ``(1) Use performance-based requirements.
        ``(2) Consider varying levels of risk to other aircraft and to 
    persons and property on the ground posed by different unmanned 
    aircraft systems and their operation and tailor performance-based 
    requirements to appropriately mitigate risk.
        ``(3) Consider the unique characteristics of highly automated, 
    small unmanned aircraft systems.
        ``(4) Include requirements for the safe operation of small 
    unmanned aircraft systems that, at a minimum, address--
            ``(A) airworthiness of small unmanned aircraft systems;
            ``(B) qualifications for operators and the type and nature 
        of the operations;
            ``(C) operating specifications governing the type and 
        nature of the unmanned aircraft system air carrier operations; 
        and
            ``(D) the views of State, local, and tribal officials 
        related to potential impacts of the carriage of property by 
        operators of small unmanned aircraft systems for compensation 
        or hire within the communities to be served.
        ``(5) Small uas.--The Secretary may amend part 298 of title 14, 
    Code of Federal Regulations, to update existing regulations to 
    establish economic authority for the carriage of property by small 
    unmanned aircraft systems for compensation or hire. Such authority 
    shall only require--
            ``(A) registration with the Department of Transportation;
            ``(B) authorization from the Federal Aviation 
        Administration to conduct operations; and
            ``(C) compliance with chapters 401, 411, and 417.
        ``(6) Availability of current certification processes.--Pending 
    completion of the rulemaking required in subsection (a) of this 
    section, a person may seek an air carrier operating certificate and 
    certificate of public convenience and necessity, or an exemption 
    from such certificate, using existing processes.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
          compensation or hire.''.
    SEC. 349. EXCEPTION FOR LIMITED RECREATIONAL OPERATIONS OF UNMANNED 
      AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
     aircraft
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (e), and 
notwithstanding chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, a person 
may operate a small unmanned aircraft without specific certification or 
operating authority from the Federal Aviation Administration if the 
operation adheres to all of the following limitations:
        ``(1) The aircraft is flown strictly for recreational purposes.
        ``(2) The aircraft is operated in accordance with or within the 
    programming of a community-based organization's set of safety 
    guidelines that are developed in coordination with the Federal 
    Aviation Administration.
        ``(3) The aircraft is flown within the visual line of sight of 
    the person operating the aircraft or a visual observer co-located 
    and in direct communication with the operator.
        ``(4) The aircraft is operated in a manner that does not 
    interfere with and gives way to any manned aircraft.
        ``(5) In Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the 
    lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace 
    designated for an airport, the operator obtains prior authorization 
    from the Administrator or designee before operating and complies 
    with all airspace restrictions and prohibitions.
        ``(6) In Class G airspace, the aircraft is flown from the 
    surface to not more than 400 feet above ground level and complies 
    with all airspace restrictions and prohibitions.
        ``(7) The operator has passed an aeronautical knowledge and 
    safety test described in subsection (g) and maintains proof of test 
    passage to be made available to the Administrator or law 
    enforcement upon request.
        ``(8) The aircraft is registered and marked in accordance with 
    chapter 441 of this title and proof of registration is made 
    available to the Administrator or a designee of the Administrator 
    or law enforcement upon request.
    ``(b) Other Operations.--Unmanned aircraft operations that do not 
conform to the limitations in subsection (a) must comply with all 
statutes and regulations generally applicable to unmanned aircraft and 
unmanned aircraft systems.
    ``(c) Operations at Fixed Sites.--
        ``(1) Operating procedure required.--Persons operating unmanned 
    aircraft under subsection (a) from a fixed site within Class B, 
    Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of 
    the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport, or 
    a community-based organization conducting a sanctioned event within 
    such airspace, shall make the location of the fixed site known to 
    the Administrator and shall establish a mutually agreed upon 
    operating procedure with the air traffic control facility.
        ``(2) Unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds.--A person 
    may operate an unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds, 
    including the weight of anything attached to or carried by the 
    aircraft, under subsection (a) if--
            ``(A) the unmanned aircraft complies with standards and 
        limitations developed by a community-based organization and 
        approved by the Administrator; and
            ``(B) the aircraft is operated from a fixed site as 
        described in paragraph (1).
    ``(d) Updates.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
    government, stakeholders, and community-based organizations, shall 
    initiate a process to periodically update the operational 
    parameters under subsection (a), as appropriate.
        ``(2) Considerations.--In updating an operational parameter 
    under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
            ``(A) appropriate operational limitations to mitigate risks 
        to aviation safety and national security, including risk to the 
        uninvolved public and critical infrastructure;
            ``(B) operations outside the membership, guidelines, and 
        programming of a community-based organization;
            ``(C) physical characteristics, technical standards, and 
        classes of aircraft operating under this section;
            ``(D) trends in use, enforcement, or incidents involving 
        unmanned aircraft systems;
            ``(E) ensuring, to the greatest extent practicable, that 
        updates to the operational parameters correspond to, and 
        leverage, advances in technology; and
            ``(F) equipage requirements that facilitate safe, 
        efficient, and secure operations and further integrate all 
        unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system.
        ``(3) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
    construed as expanding the authority of the Administrator to 
    require a person operating an unmanned aircraft under this section 
    to seek permissive authority of the Administrator, beyond that 
    required in subsection (a) of this section, prior to operation in 
    the national airspace system.
    ``(e) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an 
enforcement action against a person operating any unmanned aircraft who 
endangers the safety of the national airspace system.
    ``(f) Exceptions.--Nothing in this section prohibits the 
Administrator from promulgating rules generally applicable to unmanned 
aircraft, including those unmanned aircraft eligible for the exception 
set forth in this section, relating to--
        ``(1) updates to the operational parameters for unmanned 
    aircraft in subsection (a);
        ``(2) the registration and marking of unmanned aircraft;
        ``(3) the standards for remotely identifying owners and 
    operators of unmanned aircraft systems and associated unmanned 
    aircraft; and
        ``(4) other standards consistent with maintaining the safety 
    and security of the national airspace system.
    ``(g) Aeronautical Knowledge and Safety Test.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this section, the Administrator, in consultation with 
    manufacturers of unmanned aircraft systems, other industry 
    stakeholders, and community-based organizations, shall develop an 
    aeronautical knowledge and safety test, which can then be 
    administered electronically by the Administrator, a community-based 
    organization, or a person designated by the Administrator.
        ``(2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall ensure the 
    aeronautical knowledge and safety test is designed to adequately 
    demonstrate an operator's--
            ``(A) understanding of aeronautical safety knowledge; and
            ``(B) knowledge of Federal Aviation Administration 
        regulations and requirements pertaining to the operation of an 
        unmanned aircraft system in the national airspace system.
    ``(h) Community-based Organization Defined.--In this section, the 
term `community-based organization' means a membership-based 
association entity that--
        ``(1) is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue 
    Code of 1986;
        ``(2) is exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the Internal 
    Revenue Code of 1986;
        ``(3) the mission of which is demonstrably the furtherance of 
    model aviation;
        ``(4) provides a comprehensive set of safety guidelines for all 
    aspects of model aviation addressing the assembly and operation of 
    model aircraft and that emphasize safe aeromodelling operations 
    within the national airspace system and the protection and safety 
    of individuals and property on the ground, and may provide a 
    comprehensive set of safety rules and programming for the operation 
    of unmanned aircraft that have the advanced flight capabilities 
    enabling active, sustained, and controlled navigation of the 
    aircraft beyond visual line of sight of the operator;
        ``(5) provides programming and support for any local charter 
    organizations, affiliates, or clubs; and
        ``(6) provides assistance and support in the development and 
    operation of locally designated model aircraft flying sites.
    ``(i) Recognition of Community-based Organizations.--In 
collaboration with aeromodelling stakeholders, the Administrator shall 
publish an advisory circular within 180 days of the date of enactment 
of this section that identifies the criteria and process required for 
recognition of community-based organizations.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 
    of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further 
    amended by adding at the end the following:

``44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
          aircraft.''.

        (2) Repeal.--Section 336 of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
    Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that 
    section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are 
    repealed.
    SEC. 350. USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AT INSTITUTIONS OF 
      HIGHER EDUCATION.
    (a) Educational and Research Purposes.--For the purposes of section 
44809 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, a 
``recreational purpose'' as distinguished in subsection (a)(1) of such 
section shall include an unmanned aircraft system operated by an 
institution of higher education for educational or research purposes.
    (b) Updates.--In updating an operational parameter under subsection 
(d)(1) of such section for unmanned aircraft systems operated by an 
institution of higher education for educational or research purposes, 
the Administrator shall consider--
        (1) use of small unmanned aircraft systems and operations at an 
    accredited institution of higher education, for educational or 
    research purposes, as a component of the institution's curricula or 
    research;
        (2) the development of streamlined, risk-based operational 
    approval for unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions of 
    higher education; and
        (3) the airspace and aircraft operators that may be affected by 
    such operations at the institution of higher education.
    (c) Deadline for Establishment of Procedures and Standards.--Not 
later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may establish 
regulations, procedures, and standards, as necessary, to facilitate the 
safe operation of unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions of 
higher education for educational or research purposes.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of 
    higher education'' has the meaning given to that term by section 
    101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
        (2) Educational or research purposes.--The term ``education or 
    research purposes'', with respect to the operation of an unmanned 
    aircraft system by an institution of higher education, includes--
            (A) instruction of students at the institution;
            (B) academic or research related uses of unmanned aircraft 
        systems that have been approved by the institution, including 
        Federal research;
            (C) activities undertaken by the institution as part of 
        research projects, including research projects sponsored by the 
        Federal Government; and
            (D) other academic activities approved by the institution.
    (e) Statutory Construction.--
        (1) Enforcement.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
    limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an enforcement 
    action against a person operating any unmanned aircraft who 
    endangers the safety of the national airspace system.
        (2) Regulations and standards.--Nothing in this section 
    prohibits the Administrator from promulgating any rules or 
    standards consistent with maintaining the safety and security of 
    the national airspace system.
    SEC. 351. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTEGRATION PILOT PROGRAM.
    (a) Authority.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a 
pilot program to enable enhanced drone operations as required in the 
October 25, 2017 Presidential Memorandum entitled ``Unmanned Aircraft 
Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82 Federal 
Register 50301.
    (b) Applications.--The Secretary shall accept applications from 
State, local, and Tribal governments, in partnership with unmanned 
aircraft system operators and other private-sector stakeholders, to 
test and evaluate the integration of civil and public UAS operations 
into the low-altitude national airspace system.
    (c) Objectives.--The purpose of the pilot program is to accelerate 
existing UAS integration plans by working to solve technical, 
regulatory, and policy challenges, while enabling advanced UAS 
operations in select areas subject to ongoing safety oversight and 
cooperation between the Federal Government and applicable State, local, 
or Tribal jurisdictions, in order to--
        (1) accelerate the safe integration of UAS into the NAS by 
    testing and validating new concepts of beyond visual line of sight 
    operations in a controlled environment, focusing on detect and 
    avoid technologies, command and control links, navigation, weather, 
    and human factors;
        (2) address ongoing concerns regarding the potential security 
    and safety risks associated with UAS operating in close proximity 
    to human beings and critical infrastructure by ensuring that 
    operators communicate more effectively with Federal, State, local, 
    and Tribal law enforcement to enable law enforcement to determine 
    if a UAS operation poses such a risk;
        (3) promote innovation in and development of the United States 
    unmanned aviation industry, especially in sectors such as 
    agriculture, emergency management, inspection, and transportation 
    safety, in which there are significant public benefits to be gained 
    from the deployment of UAS; and
        (4) identify the most effective models of balancing local and 
    national interests in UAS integration.
    (d) Application Submission.--The Secretary shall establish 
application requirements and require applicants to include the 
following information:
        (1) Identification of the airspace to be used, including shape 
    files and altitudes.
        (2) Description of the types of planned operations.
        (3) Identification of stakeholder partners to test and evaluate 
    planned operations.
        (4) Identification of available infrastructure to support 
    planned operations.
        (5) Description of experience with UAS operations and 
    regulations.
        (6) Description of existing UAS operator and any other 
    stakeholder partnerships and experience.
        (7) Description of plans to address safety, security, 
    competition, privacy concerns, and community outreach.
    (e) Monitoring and Enforcement of Limitations.--
        (1) In general.--Monitoring and enforcement of any limitations 
    enacted pursuant to this pilot project shall be the responsibility 
    of the jurisdiction.
        (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be 
    construed to prevent the Secretary from enforcing Federal law.
        (3) Examples of limitations.--Limitations under this section 
    may include--
            (A) prohibiting flight during specified morning and evening 
        rush hours or only permitting flight during specified hours 
        such as daylight hours, sufficient to ensure reasonable 
        airspace access;
            (B) establishing designated take-off and landing zones, 
        limiting operations over moving locations or fixed site public 
        road and parks, sidewalks or private property based on zoning 
        density, or other land use considerations;
            (C) requiring notice to public safety or zoning or land use 
        authorities before operating; and
            (D) prohibiting operations in connection with community or 
        sporting events that do not remain in one place (for example, 
        parades and running events).
    (f) Selection Criteria.--In making determinations, the Secretary 
shall evaluate whether applications meet or exceed the following 
criteria:
        (1) Overall economic, geographic, and climatic diversity of the 
    selected jurisdictions.
        (2) Overall diversity of the proposed models of government 
    involvement.
        (3) Overall diversity of the UAS operations to be conducted.
        (4) The location of critical infrastructure.
        (5) The involvement of commercial entities in the proposal and 
    their ability to advance objectives that may serve the public 
    interest as a result of further integration of UAS into the NAS.
        (6) The involvement of affected communities in, and their 
    support for, participating in the pilot program.
        (7) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators 
    involved in the proposal to comply with requirements related to 
    national defense, homeland security, and public safety and to 
    address competition, privacy, and civil liberties concerns.
        (8) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators 
    involved in the proposal to achieve the following policy 
    objectives:
            (A) Promoting innovation and economic development.
            (B) Enhancing transportation safety.
            (C) Enhancing workplace safety.
            (D) Improving emergency response and search and rescue 
        functions.
            (E) Using radio spectrum efficiently and competitively.
    (g) Implementation.--The Secretary shall use the data collected and 
experience gained over the course of this pilot program to--
        (1) identify and resolve technical challenges to UAS 
    integration;
        (2) address airspace use to safely and efficiently integrate 
    all aircraft;
        (3) inform operational standards and procedures to improve 
    safety (for example, detect and avoid capabilities, navigation and 
    altitude performance, and command and control link);
        (4) inform FAA standards that reduce the need for waivers (for 
    example, for operations over human beings, night operations, and 
    beyond visual line of sight); and
        (5) address competing interests regarding UAS operational 
    expansion, safety, security, roles and responsibilities of non-
    Federal Government entities, and privacy issues.
    (h) Notification.--Prior to initiating any additional rounds of 
agreements with State, local, or Tribal governments as part of the 
pilot program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
notify the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on 
Appropriations in the Senate.
    (i) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) 
shall terminate 3 years after the date on which the memorandum 
referenced in subsection (a) is signed by the President.
    (j) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall affect any 
proposals, selections, imposition of conditions, operations, or other 
decisions made--
        (1) under the pilot program developed by the Secretary of 
    Transportation pursuant to the Presidential memorandum titled 
    ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'', as 
    published in the Federal Register on October 30, 2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 
    50301); and
        (2) prior to the date of enactment of this Act.
    (k) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) The term ``Lead Applicant'' means an eligible State, local 
    or Tribal government that has submitted a timely application.
        (2) The term ``NAS'' means the low-altitude national airspace 
    system.
        (3) The term ``UAS'' means unmanned aircraft system.
    SEC. 352. PART 107 TRANSPARENCY AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.
    (a) Transparency.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall publish on the FAA 
website a representative sample of the safety justifications, offered 
by applicants for small unmanned aircraft system waivers and airspace 
authorizations, that have been approved by the Administration for each 
regulation waived or class of airspace authorized, except that any 
published justification shall not reveal proprietary or commercially 
sensitive information.
    (b) Technology Improvements.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the online 
waiver and certificates of authorization processes--
        (1) to provide real time confirmation that an application filed 
    online has been received by the Administration; and
        (2) to provide an applicant with an opportunity to review the 
    status of the applicant's application.
    SEC. 353. EMERGENCY EXEMPTION PROCESS.
    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the use of 
unmanned aircraft systems by civil and public operators--
        (1) is an increasingly important tool in response to a 
    catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency;
        (2) helps facilitate emergency response operations, such as 
    firefighting and search and rescue; and
        (3) helps facilitate post-catastrophic response operations, 
    such as utility and infrastructure restoration efforts and the safe 
    and prompt processing, adjustment, and payment of insurance claims.
    (b) Updates.--The Administrator shall, as necessary, update and 
improve the Special Government Interest process described in chapter 7 
of Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7200.23A to ensure that 
civil and public operators, including local law enforcement agencies 
and first responders, continue to use unmanned aircraft system 
operations quickly and efficiently in response to a catastrophe, 
disaster, or other emergency.
    (c) Best Practices.--The Administrator shall develop best practices 
for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by States and localities to 
respond to a catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency response and 
recovery operation.
    SEC. 354. TREATMENT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDERGROUND.
    An unmanned aircraft system that is operated underground for mining 
purposes shall not be subject to regulation or enforcement by the FAA 
under title 49, United States Code.
    SEC. 355. PUBLIC UAS OPERATIONS BY TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS.
    (a) Public UAS Operations by Tribal Governments.--Section 
40102(a)(41) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(F) An unmanned aircraft that is owned and operated by, 
        or exclusively leased for at least 90 continuous days by, an 
        Indian Tribal government, as defined in section 102 of the 
        Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 5122), except as provided in section 40125(b).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 40125(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``or (D)'' and inserting ``(D), or 
(F)''.
    SEC. 356. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY 
      CAMPAIGN.
    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2019 through 2023, out of funds made available under section 106(k), 
for the Know Before You Fly educational campaign or similar public 
informational efforts intended to broaden unmanned aircraft systems 
safety awareness.
    SEC. 357. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS PRIVACY POLICY.
    It is the policy of the United States that the operation of any 
unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system shall be carried out in a 
manner that respects and protects personal privacy consistent with the 
United States Constitution and Federal, State, and local law.
    SEC. 358. UAS PRIVACY REVIEW.
    (a) Review.--The Comptroller General of the United States, in 
consideration of relevant efforts led by the National 
Telecommunications and Information Administration, shall carry out a 
review of the privacy issues and concerns associated with the operation 
of unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller 
General shall--
        (1) consult with the Department of Transportation and the 
    National Telecommunications and Information Administration of the 
    Department of Commerce on its ongoing efforts responsive to the 
    Presidential memorandum titled ``Promoting Economic Competitiveness 
    While Safeguarding Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties in 
    Domestic Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems'' and dated February 15, 
    2015;
        (2) examine and identify the existing Federal, State, or 
    relevant local laws that address an individual's personal privacy;
        (3) identify specific issues and concerns that may limit the 
    availability of civil or criminal legal remedies regarding 
    inappropriate operation of unmanned aircraft systems in the 
    national airspace system;
        (4) identify any deficiencies in Federal, State, or local 
    privacy protections; and
        (5) provide recommendations to address any limitations and 
    deficiencies identified in paragraphs (3) and (4).
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review required under 
subsection (a).
    SEC. 359. STUDY ON FIRE DEPARTMENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICE AGENCY USE 
      OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
    (a) Study.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct a study on the 
    use of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
    service agencies. Such study shall include an analysis of--
            (A) how fire departments and emergency service agencies 
        currently use unmanned aircraft systems;
            (B) obstacles to greater use of unmanned aircraft systems 
        by fire departments and emergency service agencies;
            (C) the best way to provide outreach to support greater use 
        of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
        service agencies;
            (D) laws or regulations that present barriers to career, 
        combination, and volunteer fire departments' ability to use 
        unmanned aircraft systems;
            (E) training and certifications required for the use of 
        unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
        service agencies;
            (F) airspace limitations and concerns in the use of 
        unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
        service agencies;
            (G) roles of unmanned aircraft systems in the provision of 
        fire and emergency services;
            (H) technological challenges to greater adoption of 
        unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
        service agencies; and
            (I) other issues determined appropriate by the 
        Administrator.
        (2) Consultation.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), 
    the Administrator shall consult with national fire and emergency 
    service organizations.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a), 
including the Administrator's findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations.
    SEC. 360. STUDY ON FINANCING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SERVICES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
initiate a study on appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs 
of--
        (1) the regulation and safety oversight of unmanned aircraft 
    and unmanned aircraft systems; and
        (2) the provision of air navigation services to unmanned 
    aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the Comptroller 
General shall consider, at a minimum--
        (1) any recommendations of Task Group 3 of the Drone Advisory 
    Committee chartered by the Federal Aviation Administration on 
    August 31, 2016;
        (2) the total annual costs incurred by the Federal Aviation 
    Administration for the regulation and safety oversight of 
    activities related to unmanned aircraft;
        (3) the annual costs attributable to various types, classes, 
    and categories of unmanned aircraft activities;
        (4) air traffic services provided to unmanned aircraft 
    operating under instrument flight rules, excluding public aircraft;
        (5) the number of full-time Federal Aviation Administration 
    employees dedicated to unmanned aircraft programs;
        (6) the use of privately operated UTM and other privately 
    operated unmanned aircraft systems;
        (7) the projected growth of unmanned aircraft operations for 
    various applications and the estimated need for regulation, 
    oversight, and other services;
        (8) the number of small businesses involved in the various 
    sectors of the unmanned aircraft industry and operating as primary 
    users of unmanned aircraft; and
        (9) any best practices or policies utilized by jurisdictions 
    outside the United States relating to partial or total recovery of 
    regulation and safety oversight costs related to unmanned aircraft 
    and other emergent technologies.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating 
the study, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report containing recommendations on 
appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs of regulating and 
providing air navigation services to unmanned aircraft and unmanned 
aircraft systems.
    SEC. 361. REPORT ON UAS AND CHEMICAL AERIAL APPLICATION.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report evaluating which aviation safety requirements under part 137 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, should apply to unmanned 
aircraft system operations engaged in aerial spraying of chemicals for 
agricultural purposes.
    SEC. 362. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY.
    It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) the unauthorized operation of unmanned aircraft near 
    airports presents a serious hazard to aviation safety;
        (2) a collision between an unmanned aircraft and a conventional 
    aircraft in flight could jeopardize the safety of persons aboard 
    the aircraft and on the ground;
        (3) Federal aviation regulations, including sections 91.126 
    through 91.131 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit 
    unauthorized operation of an aircraft in controlled airspace near 
    an airport;
        (4) Federal aviation regulations, including section 91.13 of 
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit the operation of an 
    aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the 
    life or property of another;
        (5) the Administrator should pursue all available civil and 
    administrative remedies available to the Administrator, including 
    referrals to other government agencies for criminal investigations, 
    with respect to persons who operate unmanned aircraft in an 
    unauthorized manner;
        (6) the Administrator should--
            (A) place particular priority in continuing measures, 
        including partnering with nongovernmental organizations and 
        State and local agencies, to educate the public about the 
        dangers to public safety of operating unmanned aircraft over 
        areas that have temporary flight restrictions in place, for 
        purposes such as wildfires, without appropriate authorization; 
        and
            (B) partner with State and local agencies to effectively 
        enforce relevant laws so that unmanned aircrafts do not 
        interfere with the efforts of emergency responders;
        (7) the Administrator should place particular priority on 
    continuing measures, including partnerships with nongovernmental 
    organizations, to educate the public about the dangers to the 
    public safety of operating unmanned aircraft near airports without 
    the appropriate approvals or authorizations; and
        (8) manufacturers and retail sellers of small unmanned aircraft 
    systems should take steps to educate consumers about the safe and 
    lawful operation of such systems.
    SEC. 363. PROHIBITION REGARDING WEAPONS.
    (a) In General.--Unless authorized by the Administrator, a person 
may not operate an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system that 
is equipped or armed with a dangerous weapon.
    (b) Dangerous Weapon Defined.--In this section, the term 
``dangerous weapon'' has the meaning given that term in section 
930(g)(2) of title 18, United States Code.
    (c) Penalty.--A person who violates this section is liable to the 
United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 
for each violation.
    SEC. 364. U.S. COUNTER-UAS SYSTEM REVIEW OF INTERAGENCY 
      COORDINATION PROCESSES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after that date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
government agencies currently authorized to operate Counter-Unmanned 
Aircraft System (C-UAS) systems within the United States (including the 
territories and possessions of the United States), shall initiate a 
review of the following:
        (1) The process the Administration is using for interagency 
    coordination of C-UAS activity pursuant to a relevant Federal 
    statute authorizing such activity within the United States 
    (including the territories and possessions of the United States).
        (2) The standards the Administration is utilizing for operation 
    of a C-UAS systems pursuant to a relevant Federal statute 
    authorizing such activity within the United States (including the 
    territories and possessions of the United States), including 
    whether the following criteria are being taken into consideration 
    in the development of the standards:
            (A) Safety of the national airspace.
            (B) Protecting individuals and property on the ground.
            (C) Non-interference with avionics of manned aircraft, and 
        unmanned aircraft, operating legally in the national airspace.
            (D) Non-interference with air traffic control systems.
            (E) Adequate coordination procedures and protocols with the 
        Federal Aviation Administration during the operation of C-UAS 
        systems.
            (F) Adequate training for personnel operating C-UAS 
        systems.
            (G) Assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the 
        coordination and review processes to ensure national airspace 
        safety while minimizing bureaucracy.
            (H) Best practices for the consistent operation of C-UAS 
        systems to the maximum extent practicable.
            (I) Current airspace authorization information shared by 
        automated approval processes for airspace authorizations, such 
        as the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability.
            (J) Such other matters the Administrator considers 
        necessary for the safe and lawful operation of C-UAS systems.
        (3) Similar interagency coordination processes already used for 
    other matters that may be used as a model for improving the 
    interagency coordination for the usage of C-UAS systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date upon which the 
review in subsection (a) is initiated, the Administrator shall submit 
to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation in the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services of 
the Senate, a report on the Administration's activities related to C-
UAS systems, including--
        (1) any coordination with Federal agencies and States, 
    subdivisions and States, political authorities of at least 2 States 
    that operate C-UAS systems;
        (2) an assessment of the standards being utilized for the 
    operation of a counter-UAS systems within the United States 
    (including the territories and possessions of the United States);
        (3) an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the 
    interagency coordination and review processes to ensure national 
    airspace safety while minimizing bureaucracy; and
        (4) a review of any additional authorities needed by the 
    Federal Aviation Administration to effectively oversee the 
    management of C-UAS systems within the United States (including the 
    territories and possessions of the United States).
    SEC. 365. COOPERATION RELATED TO CERTAIN COUNTER-UAS TECHNOLOGY.
    In matters relating to the use of systems in the national airspace 
system intended to mitigate threats posed by errant or hostile unmanned 
aircraft system operations, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
consult with the Secretary of Defense to streamline deployment of such 
systems by drawing upon the expertise and experience of the Department 
of Defense in acquiring and operating such systems consistent with the 
safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.
    SEC. 366. STRATEGY FOR RESPONDING TO PUBLIC SAFETY THREATS AND 
      ENFORCEMENT UTILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall develop a comprehensive strategy to provide outreach to State and 
local governments and provide guidance for local law enforcement 
agencies and first responders with respect to--
        (1) how to identify and respond to public safety threats posed 
    by unmanned aircraft systems; and
        (2) how to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use 
    unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local law 
    enforcement agencies and first responders.
    (b) Resources.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a publicly available 
Internet website that contains resources for State and local law 
enforcement agencies and first responders seeking--
        (1) to respond to public safety threats posed by unmanned 
    aircraft systems; and
        (2) to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use 
    unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local law 
    enforcement agencies and public safety response efforts.
    (c) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term 
``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term in section 
44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
    SEC. 367. INCORPORATION OF FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 
      OCCUPATIONS RELATING TO UNMANNED AIRCRAFT INTO VETERANS 
      EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS OF THE ADMINISTRATION.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of 
Defense, and the Secretary of Labor, shall determine whether 
occupations of the Administration relating to unmanned aircraft systems 
technology and regulations can be incorporated into the Veterans' 
Employment Program of the Administration, particularly in the 
interaction between such program and the New Sights Work Experience 
Program and the Vet-Link Cooperative Education Program.
    SEC. 368. PUBLIC UAS ACCESS TO SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall issue guidance for the expedited 
and timely access to special use airspace for public unmanned aircraft 
systems in order to assist Federal, State, local, or tribal law 
enforcement organizations in conducting law enforcement, emergency 
response, or for other activities.
    SEC. 369. APPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNATION.
    Section 2209 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(i), by striking ``and distribution 
    facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``distribution facilities 
    and equipment, and railroad facilities''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Deadlines.--
        ``(1) Not later than March 31, 2019, the Administrator shall 
    publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to carry out the 
    requirements of this section.
        ``(2) Not later than 12 months after publishing the notice of 
    proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall 
    issue a final rule.''.
    SEC. 370. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ADDITIONAL RULEMAKING AUTHORITY.
    It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) beyond visual line of sight operations, nighttime 
    operations, and operations over people of unmanned aircraft systems 
    have tremendous potential--
            (A) to enhance both commercial and academic use;
            (B) to spur economic growth and development through 
        innovative applications of this emerging technology; and
            (C) to improve emergency response efforts as it relates to 
        assessing damage to critical infrastructure such as roads, 
        bridges, and utilities, including water and power, ultimately 
        speeding response time;
        (2) advancements in miniaturization of safety technologies, 
    including for aircraft weighing under 4.4 pounds, have increased 
    economic opportunities for using unmanned aircraft systems while 
    reducing kinetic energy and risk compared to unmanned aircraft that 
    may weigh 4.4 pounds or more, but less than 55 pounds;
        (3) advancements in unmanned technology will have the capacity 
    to ultimately improve manned aircraft safety; and
        (4) integrating unmanned aircraft systems safely into the 
    national airspace, including beyond visual line of sight 
    operations, nighttime operations on a routine basis, and operations 
    over people should remain a top priority for the Federal Aviation 
    Administration as it pursues additional rulemakings under the 
    amendments made by this section.
    SEC. 371. ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION FOR SMALL UNMANNED 
      AIRCRAFT.
    (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall enter into 
an agreement with the National Academy of Public Administration, to 
estimate and assess compliance with and the effectiveness of the 
registration of small unmanned aircraft systems by the Federal Aviation 
Administration pursuant to the interim final rule issued on December 
16, 2015, titled ``Registration and Marking Requirements for Small 
Unmanned Aircraft'' (80 Fed. Reg. 78593).
    (b) Metrics.--Upon receiving the assessment, the Secretary shall, 
to the extent practicable, develop metrics to measure compliance with 
the interim final rule described in subsection (a), and any subsequent 
final rule, including metrics with respect to--
        (1) the levels of compliance with the interim final rule and 
    any subsequent final rule;
        (2) the number of enforcement actions taken by the 
    Administration for violations of or noncompliance with the interim 
    final rule and any subsequent final rule, together with a 
    description of the actions; and
        (3) the effect of the interim final rule and any subsequent 
    final rule on compliance with any fees associated with the use of 
    small unmanned aircraft systems.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report containing--
        (1) the results of the assessment required under subsection 
    (a);
        (2) the metrics required under subsection (b) and how the 
    Secretary will track these metrics; and
        (3) recommendations to Congress for improvements to the 
    registration process for small unmanned aircraft, if necessary.
    SEC. 372. ENFORCEMENT.
    (a) UAS Safety Enforcement.--The Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall establish a pilot program to utilize 
available remote detection or identification technologies for safety 
oversight, including enforcement actions against operators of unmanned 
aircraft systems that are not in compliance with applicable Federal 
aviation laws, including regulations.
    (b) Reporting.--As part of the pilot program, the Administrator 
shall establish and publicize a mechanism for the public and Federal, 
State, and local law enforcement to report suspected operation of 
unmanned aircraft in violation of applicable Federal laws and 
regulations.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, and annually 
thereafter through the duration of the pilot program established in 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the following:
        (1) The number of unauthorized unmanned aircraft operations 
    detected in restricted airspace, including in and around airports, 
    together with a description of such operations.
        (2) The number of enforcement cases brought by the Federal 
    Aviation Administration or other Federal agencies for unauthorized 
    operation of unmanned aircraft detected through the program, 
    together with a description of such cases.
        (3) Recommendations for safety and operational standards for 
    unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation systems.
        (4) Recommendations for any legislative or regulatory changes 
    related to mitigation or detection or identification of unmanned 
    aircraft systems.
    (d) Sunset.--The pilot program established in subsection (a) shall 
terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (e) Civil Penalties.--Section 46301 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' 
    after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),'';
        (2) in subsection (a)(5)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' 
    after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717-44723),'';
        (3) in subsection (d)(2), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' after 
    ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''; and
        (4) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' 
    after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''.
    (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an 
enforcement action for a violation of this subtitle or any other 
applicable provision of aviation safety law or regulation using remote 
detection or identification or other technology following the sunset of 
the pilot program.
    SEC. 373. FEDERAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall--
        (1) conduct a study on the relative roles of the Federal 
    Government, State, local and Tribal governments in the regulation 
    and oversight of low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft 
    systems in the national airspace system; and
        (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the study, including the Comptroller General's findings and 
    conclusions.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall review the 
following:
        (1) The current state of the law with respect to Federal 
    authority over low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft systems 
    in the national airspace system.
        (2) The current state of the law with respect to State, local, 
    and Tribal authority over low-altitude operations of unmanned 
    aircraft systems in the national airspace system.
        (3) Potential gaps between authorities under paragraphs (1) and 
    (2).
        (4) The degree of regulatory consistency required among the 
    Federal Government, State governments, local governments, and 
    Tribal governments for the safe and financially viable growth and 
    development of the unmanned aircraft industry.
        (5) The interests of Federal, State, local, and Tribal 
    governments affected by low-altitude operations of unmanned 
    aircraft systems and the authorities of those governments to 
    protect such interests.
        (6) The infrastructure requirements necessary for monitoring 
    the low-altitude operations of small unmanned aircraft and 
    enforcing applicable laws.
    SEC. 374. SPECTRUM.
    (a) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and after consultation with relevant stakeholders, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, the National 
Telecommunications and Information Administration, and the Federal 
Communications Commission, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a 
report--
        (1) on whether unmanned aircraft systems operations should be 
    permitted, but not required, to operate on spectrum that was 
    recommended for allocation for AM(R)S and control links for UAS by 
    the World Radio Conferences in 2007 (L-band, 960-1164 MHz) and 2012 
    (C-band, 5030-5091 MHz), on an unlicensed, shared, or exclusive 
    basis, for operations within the UTM system or outside of such a 
    system;
        (2) that addresses any technological, statutory, regulatory, 
    and operational barriers to the use of such spectrum; and
        (3) that, if it is determined that some spectrum frequencies 
    are not suitable for beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations by 
    unmanned aircraft systems, includes recommendations of other 
    spectrum frequencies that may be appropriate for such operations.
    (b) No Effect on Other Spectrum.--The report required under 
subsection (a) does not prohibit or delay use of any licensed spectrum 
to satisfy control links, tracking, diagnostics, payload 
communications, collision avoidance, and other functions for unmanned 
aircraft systems operations.
    SEC. 375. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION AUTHORITY.
    (a) In General.--A violation of a privacy policy by a person that 
uses an unmanned aircraft system for compensation or hire, or in the 
furtherance of a business enterprise, in the national airspace system 
shall be an unfair and deceptive practice in violation of section 5(a) 
of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``unmanned aircraft'' 
and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the meanings given those terms in 
section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.
    SEC. 376. PLAN FOR FULL OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT 
      SYSTEMS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.
    (a) In General.--In conjunction with completing the requirements of 
section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 
U.S.C. 40101 note), subject to subsection (b) of this section, the 
Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and in consultation with unmanned 
aircraft systems industry stakeholders, shall develop a plan to allow 
for the implementation of unmanned aircraft systems traffic management 
(UTM) services that expand operations beyond visual line of sight, have 
full operational capability, and ensure the safety and security of all 
aircraft.
    (b) Completion of UTM System Pilot Program.--The Administrator 
shall ensure that the UTM system pilot program, as established in 
section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 
U.S.C. 40101 note), is conducted to meet the following objectives of a 
comprehensive UTM system by the conclusion of the pilot program:
        (1) In cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space 
    Administration and manned and unmanned aircraft industry 
    stakeholders, allow testing of unmanned aircraft operations, of 
    increasing volumes and density, in airspace above test ranges, as 
    such term is defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States 
    Code, as well as other sites determined by the Administrator to be 
    suitable for UTM testing, including those locations selected under 
    the pilot program required in the October 25, 2017, Presidential 
    Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot 
    Program'' and described in 82 Federal Register 50301.
        (2) Permit the testing of various remote identification and 
    tracking technologies evaluated by the Unmanned Aircraft Systems 
    Identification and Tracking Aviation Rulemaking Committee.
        (3) Where the particular operational environment permits, 
    permit blanket waiver authority to allow any unmanned aircraft 
    approved by a UTM system pilot program selectee to be operated 
    under conditions currently requiring a case-by-case waiver under 
    part 107, title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, provided that any 
    blanket waiver addresses risks to airborne objects as well as 
    persons and property on the ground.
    (c) Implementation Plan Contents.--The plan required by subsection 
(a) shall--
        (1) include the development of safety standards to permit, 
    authorize, or allow the use of UTM services, which may include the 
    demonstration and validation of such services at the test ranges, 
    as defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code, or 
    other sites as authorized by the Administrator;
        (2) outline the roles and responsibilities of industry and 
    government in establishing UTM services that allow applicants to 
    conduct commercial and noncommercial operations, recognizing the 
    primary private sector role in the development and implementation 
    of the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability and 
    future expanded UTM services;
        (3) include an assessment of various components required for 
    necessary risk reduction and mitigation in relation to the use of 
    UTM services, including--
            (A) remote identification of both cooperative and non-
        cooperative unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace 
        system;
            (B) deconfliction of cooperative unmanned aircraft systems 
        in the national airspace system by such services;
            (C) the manner in which the Federal Aviation Administration 
        will conduct oversight of UTM systems, including interfaces 
        between UTM service providers and air traffic control;
            (D) the need for additional technologies to detect 
        cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft;
            (E) collaboration and coordination with air traffic 
        control, or management services and technologies to ensure the 
        safety oversight of manned and unmanned aircraft, including--
                (i) the Federal Aviation Administration 
            responsibilities to collect and disseminate relevant data 
            to UTM service providers; and
                (ii) data exchange protocols to share UAS operator 
            intent, operational approvals, operational restraints, and 
            other data necessary to ensure safety or security of the 
            National Airspace System;
            (F) the potential for UTM services to manage unmanned 
        aircraft systems carrying either cargo, payload, or passengers, 
        weighing more than 55 pounds, and operating at altitudes higher 
        than 400 feet above ground level; and
            (G) cybersecurity protections, data integrity, and national 
        and homeland security benefits; and
        (4) establish a process for--
            (A) accepting applications for operation of UTM services in 
        the national airspace system;
            (B) setting the standards for independent private sector 
        validation and verification that the standards for UTM services 
        established pursuant to paragraph (1) enabling operations 
        beyond visual line of sight, have been met by applicants; and
            (C) notifying the applicant, not later than 120 days after 
        the Administrator receives a complete application, with a 
        written approval, disapproval, or request to modify the 
        application.
    (d) Safety Standards.--In developing the safety standards in 
subsection (c)(1), the Administrator--
        (1) shall require that UTM services help ensure the safety of 
    unmanned aircraft and other aircraft operations that occur 
    primarily or exclusively in airspace 400 feet above ground level 
    and below, including operations conducted under a waiver issued 
    pursuant to subpart D of part 107 of title 14, Code of Federal 
    Regulations;
        (2) shall consider, as appropriate--
            (A) protection of persons and property on the ground;
            (B) remote identification and tracking of aircraft;
            (C) collision avoidance with respect to obstacles and non-
        cooperative aircraft;
            (D) deconfliction of cooperative aircraft and integration 
        of other relevant airspace considerations;
            (E) right of way rules, inclusive of UAS operations;
            (F) safe and reliable coordination between air traffic 
        control and other systems operated in the national airspace 
        system;
            (G) detection of non-cooperative aircraft;
            (H) geographic and local factors including but not limited 
        to terrain, buildings and structures;
            (I) aircraft equipage; and
            (J) qualifications, if any, necessary to operate UTM 
        services; and
        (3) may establish temporary flight restrictions or other means 
    available such as a certificate of waiver or authorization (COA) 
    for demonstration and validation of UTM services.
    (e) Revocation.--The Administrator may revoke the permission, 
authorization, or approval for the operation of UTM services if the 
Administrator determines that the services or its operator are no 
longer in compliance with applicable safety standards.
    (f) Low-risk Areas.--The Administrator shall establish expedited 
procedures for approval of UTM services operated in--
        (1) airspace away from congested areas; or
        (2) other airspace above areas in which operations of unmanned 
    aircraft pose low risk, as determined by the Administrator.
    (g) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator 
shall consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
    (h) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, in 
developing the safety standards for UTM services, the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall consider ongoing research and development efforts 
on UTM services conducted by--
        (1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 
    partnership with industry stakeholders;
        (2) the UTM System pilot program required by section 2208 of 
    the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 
    40101 note); and
        (3) the participants in the pilot program required in the 
    October 25, 2017, Presidential Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned 
    Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82 
    Federal Register 50301.
    (i) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of conclusion 
of the UTM pilot program established in section 2208 of the FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) complete the plan required by subsection (a);
        (2) submit the plan to--
            (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate; and
            (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives; and
        (3) publish the plan on a publicly accessible Internet website 
    of the Federal Aviation Administration.
    SEC. 377. EARLY IMPLEMENTATION OF CERTAIN UTM SERVICES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, upon request of a UTM 
service provider, determine if certain UTM services may operate safely 
in the national airspace system before completion of the implementation 
plan required by section 376.
    (b) Assessment of UTM Services.--In making the determination under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall assess, at a minimum, whether 
the proposed UTM services, as a result of their operational 
capabilities, reliability, intended use, areas of operation, and the 
characteristics of the aircraft involved, will maintain the safety and 
efficiency of the national airspace system and address any identified 
risks to manned or unmanned aircraft and persons and property on the 
ground.
    (c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Administrator 
determines that certain UTM services may operate safely in the national 
airspace system, the Administrator shall establish requirements for 
their safe operation in the national airspace system.
    (d) Expedited Procedures.--The Administrator shall provide 
expedited procedures for making the assessment and determinations under 
this section where the UTM services will be provided primarily or 
exclusively in airspace above areas in which the operation of unmanned 
aircraft poses low risk, including but not limited to croplands and 
areas other than congested areas.
    (e) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator 
shall consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
    (f) Preexisting UTM Services Approvals.--Nothing in this Act shall 
affect or delay approvals, waivers, or exemptions granted by the 
Administrator for UTM services already in existence or approved by the 
Administrator prior to the date of enactment of this Act, including 
approvals under the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification 
Capability.
    SEC. 378. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
    It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) each person that uses an unmanned aircraft system for 
    compensation or hire, or in the furtherance of a business 
    enterprise, except those operated for purposes protected by the 
    First Amendment of the Constitution, should have a written privacy 
    policy consistent with section 357 that is appropriate to the 
    nature and scope of the activities regarding the collection, use, 
    retention, dissemination, and deletion of any data collected during 
    the operation of an unmanned aircraft system;
        (2) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should be 
    periodically reviewed and updated as necessary; and
        (3) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should be 
    publicly available.
    SEC. 379. COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL OPERATORS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, to the extent 
practicable and consistent with applicable law, make available in a 
single location on the website of the Department of Transportation:
        (1) Any certificate of waiver or authorization issued by the 
    Administration to Federal, State, tribal or local governments for 
    the operation of unmanned aircraft systems within 30 days of 
    issuance of such certificate of waiver or authorization.
        (2) A spreadsheet of UAS registrations, including the city, 
    state, and zip code of each registered drone owner, on its website 
    that is updated once per quarter each calendar year.
        (3) Summary descriptions and general purposes of public 
    unmanned aircraft operations, including the locations where such 
    unmanned aircraft may generally operate.
        (4) Summary descriptions of common civil unmanned aircraft 
    operations.
        (5) The expiration date of any authorization of public or civil 
    unmanned aircraft operations.
        (6) Links to websites of State agencies that enforce any 
    applicable privacy laws.
        (7) For any unmanned aircraft system, except with respect to 
    any operation protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution 
    of the United States, that will collect personally identifiable 
    information about individuals, including the use of facial 
    recognition--
            (A) the circumstance under which the system will be used;
            (B) the specific kinds of personally identifiable 
        information that the system will collect about individuals; and
            (C) how the information referred to in subparagraph (B), 
        and the conclusions drawn from such information, will be used, 
        disclosed, and otherwise handled, including--
                (i) how the collection or retention of such information 
            that is unrelated to the specific use will be minimized;
                (ii) under what circumstances such information might be 
            sold, leased, or otherwise provided to third parties;
                (iii) the period during which such information will be 
            retained;
                (iv) when and how such information, including 
            information no longer relevant to the specified use, will 
            be destroyed; and
                (v) steps that will be used to protect against the 
            unauthorized disclosure of any information or data, such as 
            the use of encryption methods and other security features.
        (8) With respect to public unmanned aircraft systems--
            (A) the locations where the unmanned aircraft system will 
        operate;
            (B) the time during which the unmanned aircraft system will 
        operate;
            (C) the general purpose of the flight; and
            (D) the technical capabilities that the unmanned aircraft 
        system possesses.
    (b) Exceptions.--The Administrator shall not disclose information 
pursuant to subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that the 
release of such information--
        (1) is not applicable;
        (2) is not practicable, including when the information is not 
    available to the Administrator;
        (3) is not in compliance with applicable law;
        (4) would compromise national defense, homeland security or law 
    enforcement activity;
        (5) would be withheld pursuant to an exception of the section 
    552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the ``Freedom 
    of Information Act''); or
        (6) is otherwise contrary to the public interest.
    (c) Sunset.--This section will cease to be effective on the date 
that is the earlier of--
        (1) the date of publication of a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 
    or guidance regarding remote identification standards under section 
    2202 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public 
    Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615); or
        (2) September 30, 2023.
    SEC. 380. TRANSITION LANGUAGE.
    (a) Regulations.--Notwithstanding the repeals under sections 341, 
348, 347, and 383 of this Act, all orders, determinations, rules, 
regulations, permits, grants, and contracts, which have been issued 
under any law described under subsection (b) of this section before the 
effective date of this Act shall continue in effect until modified or 
revoked by the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, as applicable, by 
a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law other than 
this Act.
    (b) Laws Described.--The laws described under this subsection are 
as follows:
        (1) Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 
    (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
        (2) Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 
    (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
        (3) Section 334 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 
    (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
        (4) Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act 
    of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
    (c) Effect on Pending Proceedings.--This Act shall not affect 
administrative or judicial proceedings pending on the effective date of 
this Act.
    SEC. 381. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN RESTRICTED BUILDINGS OR 
      GROUNDS.
    Section 1752 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
after subsection (a)(4) the following:
        ``(5) knowingly and willfully operates an unmanned aircraft 
    system with the intent to knowingly and willfully direct or 
    otherwise cause such unmanned aircraft system to enter or operate 
    within or above a restricted building or grounds;''.
    SEC. 382. PROHIBITION.
    (a) Amendment.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), an 
individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and knowingly or 
recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, or law enforcement 
or emergency response efforts related to a wildfire suppression, shall 
be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or 
both.
    ``(b) Exceptions.--This section does not apply to the operation of 
an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States 
Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any 
individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other 
agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of 
protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law 
enforcement, or emergency response.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' has the 
    meaning given the term in section 44801 of title 49, United States 
    Code.
        ``(2) Wildfire.--The term `wildfire' has the meaning given that 
    term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act (42 
    U.S.C. 1856m).
        ``(3) Wildfire suppression.--The term `wildfire suppression' 
    means an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 2 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 40 the following:

``40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires.''.
    SEC. 383. AIRPORT SAFETY AND AIRSPACE HAZARD MITIGATION AND 
      ENFORCEMENT.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
     enforcement
    ``(a) Coordination.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall work with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant Federal 
departments and agencies for the purpose of ensuring that technologies 
or systems that are developed, tested, or deployed by Federal 
departments and agencies to detect and mitigate potential risks posed 
by errant or hostile unmanned aircraft system operations do not 
adversely impact or interfere with safe airport operations, navigation, 
air traffic services, or the safe and efficient operation of the 
national airspace system.
    ``(b) Plan.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a plan for 
    the certification, permitting, authorizing, or allowing of the 
    deployment of technologies or systems for the detection and 
    mitigation of unmanned aircraft systems.
        ``(2) Contents.--The plan shall provide for the development of 
    policies, procedures, or protocols that will allow appropriate 
    officials of the Federal Aviation Administration to utilize such 
    technologies or systems to take steps to detect and mitigate 
    potential airspace safety risks posed by unmanned aircraft system 
    operations.
        ``(3) Aviation rulemaking committee.--The Administrator shall 
    charter an aviation rulemaking committee to make recommendations 
    for such a plan and any standards that the Administrator determines 
    may need to be developed with respect to such technologies or 
    systems. The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall 
    not apply to an aviation rulemaking committee chartered under this 
    paragraph.
        ``(4) Non-delegation.--The plan shall not delegate any 
    authority granted to the Administrator under this section to other 
    Federal, State, local, territorial, or tribal agencies, or an 
    airport sponsor, as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United 
    States Code.
    ``(c) Airspace Hazard Mitigation Program.--In order to test and 
evaluate technologies or systems that detect and mitigate potential 
aviation safety risks posed by unmanned aircraft, the Administrator 
shall deploy such technologies or systems at 5 airports, including 1 
airport that ranks in the top 10 of the FAA's most recent Passenger 
Boarding Data.
    ``(d) Authority.--Under the testing and evaluation in subsection 
(c), the Administrator shall use unmanned aircraft detection and 
mitigation systems to detect and mitigate the unauthorized operation of 
an unmanned aircraft that poses a risk to aviation safety.
    ``(e) Aip Funding Eligibility.--Upon the certification, permitting, 
authorizing, or allowing of such technologies and systems that have 
been successfully tested under this section, an airport sponsor may 
apply for a grant under subchapter I of chapter 471 to purchase an 
unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation system. For purposes of this 
subsection, purchasing an unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation 
system shall be considered airport development (as defined in section 
47102).
    ``(f) Briefing.--The Administrator shall annually brief the 
appropriate committees of Congress, including the Committee on 
Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate, on the implementation of this section.
    ``(g) Applicability of Other Laws.--Section 46502 of this title, 
section 32 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the 
Aircraft Sabotage Act), section 1031 of title 18, United States Code 
(commonly known as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986), sections 
2510-2522 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the 
Wiretap Act), and sections 3121-3127 of title 18, United States Code 
(commonly known as the Pen/Trap Statute), shall not apply to activities 
authorized by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c) and (d).
    ``(h) Sunset.--This section ceases to be effective September 30, 
2023.
    ``(i) Non-delegation.--The Administrator shall not delegate any 
authority granted to the Administrator under this section to other 
Federal, State, local, territorial, or tribal agencies, or an airport 
sponsor, as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United States Code. 
The Administrator may partner with other Federal agencies under this 
section, subject to any restrictions contained in such agencies' 
authority to operate counter unmanned aircraft systems.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, 
    as amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end 
    the following:

``44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
          enforcement.''.

        (2) Pilot project for airport safety and airspace hazard 
    mitigation.--Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
    Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) and the 
    item relating to that section in the table of contents under 
    section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.
    SEC. 384. UNSAFE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 39A the following:
``Sec. 39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft
    ``(a) Offense.--Any person who operates an unmanned aircraft and:
        ``(1) Knowingly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, 
    an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special 
    aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses 
    an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as 
    provided in subsection (c).
        ``(2) Recklessly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, 
    an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special 
    aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses 
    an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as 
    provided in subsection (c).
    ``(b) Operation of Unmanned Aircraft in Close Proximity to 
Airports.--
        ``(1) In general.--Any person who, without authorization, 
    knowingly operates an unmanned aircraft within a runway exclusion 
    zone shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
        ``(2) Runway exclusion zone defined.--In this subsection, the 
    term `runway exclusion zone' means a rectangular area--
            ``(A) centered on the centerline of an active runway of an 
        airport immediately around which the airspace is designated as 
        class B, class C, or class D airspace at the surface under part 
        71 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
            ``(B) the length of which extends parallel to the runway's 
        centerline to points that are 1 statute mile from each end of 
        the runway and the width of which is \1/2\ statute mile.
    ``(c) Penalty.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
    punishment for an offense under subsections (a) or (b) shall be a 
    fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or 
    both.
        ``(2) Serious bodily injury or death.--Any person who:
            ``(A) Causes serious bodily injury or death during the 
        commission of an offense under subsection (a)(2) shall be fined 
        under this title, imprisoned for a term of up to 10 years, or 
        both.
            ``(B) Causes, or attempts or conspires to cause, serious 
        bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense 
        under subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be fined under this 
        title, imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or 
        both.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 2 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 39A the following:

``39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.''.

                  Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

    SEC. 391. SHORT TITLE.
    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Fairness for Pilots Act''.
    SEC. 392. EXPANSION OF PILOT'S BILL OF RIGHTS.
    (a) Notification of Investigation.--Subsection (b) of section 2 of 
the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 
U.S.C. 44703 note) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``and the specific 
    activity on which the investigation is based'' after ``nature of 
    the investigation'';
        (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``timely''; and
        (3) in paragraph (5), by striking ``section 44709(c)(2)'' and 
    inserting ``section 44709(e)(2)''.
    (b) Release of Investigative Reports.--Section 2 of the Pilot's 
Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 U.S.C. 44703 
note) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Release of Investigative Reports.--
        ``(1) In general.--
            ``(A) Emergency orders.--In any proceeding conducted under 
        part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, relating to 
        the amendment, modification, suspension, or revocation of an 
        airman certificate, in which the Administrator issues an 
        emergency order under subsections (d) and (e) of section 44709, 
        section 44710, or section 46105(c) of title 49, United States 
        Code, or another order that takes effect immediately, the 
        Administrator shall provide, upon request, to the individual 
        holding the airman certificate the releasable portion of the 
        investigative report at the time the Administrator issues the 
        order. If the complete Report of Investigation is not available 
        at the time of the request, the Administrator shall issue all 
        portions of the report that are available at the time and shall 
        provide the full report not later than 5 days after its 
        completion.
            ``(B) Other orders.--In any nonemergency proceeding 
        conducted under part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, relating to the amendment, modification, 
        suspension, or revocation of an airman certificate, in which 
        the Administrator notifies the certificate holder of a proposed 
        certificate action under subsections (b) and (c) of section 
        44709 or section 44710 of title 49, United States Code, the 
        Administrator shall, upon the written request of the covered 
        certificate holder and at any time after that notification, 
        provide to the covered certificate holder the releasable 
        portion of the investigative report.
        ``(2) Motion for dismissal.--If the Administrator does not 
    provide the releasable portions of the investigative report to the 
    individual holding the airman certificate subject to the proceeding 
    referred to in paragraph (1) by the time required by that 
    paragraph, the individual may move to dismiss the complaint of the 
    Administrator or for other relief and, unless the Administrator 
    establishes good cause for the failure to provide the investigative 
    report or for a lack of timeliness, the administrative law judge 
    shall order such relief as the judge considers appropriate.
        ``(3) Releasable portion of investigative report.--For purposes 
    of paragraph (1), the releasable portion of an investigative report 
    is all information in the report, except for the following:
            ``(A) Information that is privileged.
            ``(B) Information that constitutes work product or reflects 
        internal deliberative process.
            ``(C) Information that would disclose the identity of a 
        confidential source.
            ``(D) Information the disclosure of which is prohibited by 
        any other provision of law.
            ``(E) Information that is not relevant to the subject 
        matter of the proceeding.
            ``(F) Information the Administrator can demonstrate is 
        withheld for good cause.
            ``(G) Sensitive security information, as defined in section 
        15.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
        corresponding similar ruling or regulation).
        ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall 
    be construed to prevent the Administrator from releasing to an 
    individual subject to an investigation described in subsection 
    (b)(1)--
            ``(A) information in addition to the information included 
        in the releasable portion of the investigative report; or
            ``(B) a copy of the investigative report before the 
        Administrator issues a complaint.''.
    SEC. 393. NOTIFICATION OF REEXAMINATION OF CERTIFICATE HOLDERS.
    (a) In General.--Section 44709(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
        (1) by striking ``The Administrator'' and inserting the 
    following:
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator'';
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Notification of reexamination of airman.--Before taking 
    any action to reexamine an airman under paragraph (1) the 
    Administrator shall provide to the airman--
            ``(A) a reasonable basis, described in detail, for 
        requesting the reexamination; and
            ``(B) any information gathered by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, that the Administrator determines is 
        appropriate to provide, such as the scope and nature of the 
        requested reexamination, that formed the basis for that 
        justification.''.
    SEC. 394. EXPEDITING UPDATES TO NOTAM PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator may not take any 
enforcement action against any individual for a violation of a NOTAM 
(as defined in section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44701 
note)) until the Administrator certifies to the appropriate committees 
of Congress that the Administrator has complied with the requirements 
of section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights, as amended by this section.
    (b) Amendments.--Section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public 
Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1162; 49 U.S.C. 44701 note) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
            (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                (i) by striking ``this Act'' and inserting ``the 
            Fairness for Pilots Act''; and
                (ii) by striking ``begin'' and inserting ``complete the 
            implementation of'';
            (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
            ``(B) to continue developing and modernizing the NOTAM 
        repository, in a public central location, to maintain and 
        archive all NOTAMs, including the original content and form of 
        the notices, the original date of publication, and any 
        amendments to such notices with the date of each amendment, in 
        a manner that is Internet-accessible, machine-readable, and 
        searchable;'';
            (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(D) to specify the times during which temporary flight 
        restrictions are in effect and the duration of a designation of 
        special use airspace in a specific area.''; and
        (2) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Designation of Repository as Sole Source for NOTAMs.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator--
            ``(A) shall consider the repository for NOTAMs under 
        subsection (a)(2)(B) to be the sole location for airmen to 
        check for NOTAMs; and
            ``(B) may not consider a NOTAM to be announced or published 
        until the NOTAM is included in the repository for NOTAMs under 
        subsection (a)(2)(B).
        ``(2) Prohibition on taking action for violations of notams not 
    in repository.--
            ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
        beginning on the date that the repository under subsection 
        (a)(2)(B) is final and published, the Administrator may not 
        take any enforcement action against an airman for a violation 
        of a NOTAM during a flight if--
                ``(i) that NOTAM is not available through the 
            repository before the commencement of the flight; and
                ``(ii) that NOTAM is not reasonably accessible and 
            identifiable to the airman.
            ``(B) Exception for national security.--Subparagraph (A) 
        shall not apply in the case of an enforcement action for a 
        violation of a NOTAM that directly relates to national 
        security.''.
    SEC. 395. ACCESSIBILITY OF CERTAIN FLIGHT DATA.
    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 47124 the following:
``Sec. 47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Administration.--The term `Administration' means the 
    Federal Aviation Administration.
        ``(2) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        ``(3) Applicable individual.--The term `applicable individual' 
    means an individual who is the subject of an investigation 
    initiated by the Administrator related to a covered flight record.
        ``(4) Contract tower.--The term `contract tower' means an air 
    traffic control tower providing air traffic control services 
    pursuant to a contract with the Administration under section 47124.
        ``(5) Covered flight record.--The term `covered flight record' 
    means any air traffic data (as defined in section 2(b)(4)(B) of the 
    Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note)), created, 
    maintained, or controlled by any program of the Administration, 
    including any program of the Administration carried out by 
    employees or contractors of the Administration, such as contract 
    towers, flight service stations, and controller training programs.
    ``(b) Provision of Covered Flight Record to Administration.--
        ``(1) Requests.--Whenever the Administration receives a written 
    request for a covered flight record from an applicable individual 
    and the covered flight record is not in the possession of the 
    Administration, the Administrator shall request the covered flight 
    record from the contract tower or other contractor of the 
    Administration in possession of the covered flight record.
        ``(2) Provision of records.--Any covered flight record created, 
    maintained, or controlled by a contract tower or another contractor 
    of the Administration that maintains covered flight records shall 
    be provided to the Administration if the Administration requests 
    the record pursuant to paragraph (1).
        ``(3) Notice of proposed certificate action.--If the 
    Administrator has issued, or subsequently issues, a Notice of 
    Proposed Certificate Action relying on evidence contained in the 
    covered flight record and the individual who is the subject of an 
    investigation has requested the record, the Administrator shall 
    promptly produce the record and extend the time the individual has 
    to respond to the Notice of Proposed Certificate Action until the 
    covered flight record is provided.
    ``(c) Implementation.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act, the Administrator shall 
    promulgate regulations or guidance to ensure compliance with this 
    section.
        ``(2) Compliance by contractors.--
            ``(A) In general.--Compliance with this section by a 
        contract tower or other contractor of the Administration that 
        maintains covered flight records shall be included as a 
        material term in any contract between the Administration and 
        the contract tower or contractor entered into or renewed on or 
        after the date of enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act.
            ``(B) Nonapplicability.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
        to any contract or agreement in effect on the date of enactment 
        of the Fairness for Pilots Act unless the contract or agreement 
        is renegotiated, renewed, or modified after that date.
    ``(d) Protection of Certain Data.--The Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration may withhold information that would otherwise 
be required to be made available under section only if--
        ``(1) the Administrator determines, based on information in the 
    possession of the Administrator, that the Administrator may 
    withhold the information in accordance with section 552a of title 
    5, United States Code; or
        ``(2) the information is submitted pursuant to a voluntary 
    safety reporting program covered by section 40123 of title 49, 
    United States Code.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents for 
chapter 471 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
47124 the following:

``47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data.''.
    SEC. 396. AUTHORITY FOR LEGAL COUNSEL TO ISSUE CERTAIN NOTICES.
    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall designate the appropriate legal counsel of the 
Administration as an appropriate official for purposes of section 13.11 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

                   TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS
           Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

    SEC. 401. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Covered air carrier.--The term ``covered air carrier'' 
    means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as those terms are 
    defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
        (2) Online service.--The term ``online service'' means any 
    service available over the internet, or that connects to the 
    internet or a wide-area network.
        (3) Ticket agent.--The term ``ticket agent'' has the meaning 
    given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
    SEC. 402. RELIABLE AIR SERVICE IN AMERICAN SAMOA.
    Section 40109(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting 
    the following:
        ``(C) review the exemption at least every 30 days (or, in the 
    case of an exemption that is necessary to provide and sustain air 
    transportation in American Samoa between the islands of Tutuila and 
    Manu'a, at least every 180 days) to ensure that the unusual 
    circumstances that established the need for the exemption still 
    exist.''; and
        (2) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
        ``(3) Renewal of exemptions.--
            ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
        the Secretary may renew an exemption (including renewals) under 
        this subsection for not more than 30 days.
            ``(B) Exception.--The Secretary may renew an exemption 
        (including renewals) under this subsection that is necessary to 
        provide and sustain air transportation in American Samoa 
        between the islands of Tutuila and Manu'a for not more than 180 
        days.
        ``(4) Continuation of exemptions.--An exemption granted by the 
    Secretary under this subsection may continue for not more than 5 
    days after the unusual circumstances that established the need for 
    the exemption cease.''.
    SEC. 403. CELL PHONE VOICE COMMUNICATION BAN.
    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications
    ``(a) Prohibition.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue 
regulations--
        ``(1) to prohibit an individual on an aircraft from engaging in 
    voice communications using a mobile communications device during a 
    flight of that aircraft in scheduled passenger interstate or 
    intrastate air transportation; and
        ``(2) that exempt from the prohibition described in paragraph 
    (1) any--
            ``(A) member of the flight crew on duty on an aircraft;
            ``(B) flight attendant on duty on an aircraft; and
            ``(C) Federal law enforcement officer acting in an official 
        capacity.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) Flight.--The term `flight' means, with respect to an 
    aircraft, the period beginning when the aircraft takes off and 
    ending when the aircraft lands.
        ``(2) Mobile communications device.--
            ``(A) In general.--The term `mobile communications device' 
        means any portable wireless telecommunications equipment 
        utilized for the transmission or reception of voice data.
            ``(B) Limitation.--The term `mobile communications device' 
        does not include a phone installed on an aircraft.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 41724 the following:

``41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications.''.
    SEC. 404. IMPROVED NOTIFICATION OF INSECTICIDE USE.
    Section 42303(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(b) Required Disclosures.--An air carrier, foreign air carrier, 
or ticket agent selling, in the United States, a ticket for a flight in 
foreign air transportation to a country listed on the internet website 
established under subsection (a) shall--
        ``(1) disclose, on its own internet website or through other 
    means, that the destination country may require the air carrier or 
    foreign air carrier to treat an aircraft passenger cabin with 
    insecticides prior to the flight or to apply an aerosol insecticide 
    in an aircraft cabin used for such a flight when the cabin is 
    occupied with passengers; and
        ``(2) refer the purchaser of the ticket to the internet website 
    established under subsection (a) for additional information.''.
    SEC. 405. CONSUMER COMPLAINTS HOTLINE.
    Section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Use of New Technologies.--The Secretary shall periodically 
evaluate the benefits of using mobile phone applications or other 
widely used technologies to provide new means for air passengers to 
communicate complaints in addition to the telephone number established 
under subsection (a) and shall provide such new means as the Secretary 
determines appropriate.''.
    SEC. 406. CONSUMER INFORMATION ON ACTUAL FLIGHT TIMES.
    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study 
on the feasibility and advisability of modifying regulations contained 
in section 234.11 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure 
that--
        (1) a reporting carrier (including its contractors), during the 
    course of a reservation or ticketing discussion or other inquiry, 
    discloses to a consumer upon reasonable request the projected 
    period between the actual wheels-off and wheels-on times for a 
    reportable flight; and
        (2) a reporting carrier displays, on the public internet 
    website of the carrier, information on the actual wheels-off and 
    wheels-on times during the most recent calendar month for a 
    reportable flight.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``reporting carrier'' 
and ``reportable flight'' have the meanings given those terms in 
section 234.2 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of enactment of this Act).
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the 
results of the study.
    SEC. 407. TRAINING POLICIES REGARDING RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS 
      NONDISCRIMINATION.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and the 
Secretary of Transportation a report describing--
        (1) each air carrier's training policy for its employees and 
    contractors regarding racial, ethnic, and religious 
    nondiscrimination; and
        (2) how frequently an air carrier is required to train new 
    employees and contractors because of turnover in positions that 
    require such training.
    (b) Best Practices.--After the date the report is submitted under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall develop and disseminate to air 
carriers best practices necessary to improve the training policies 
described in subsection (a), based on the findings of the report and in 
consultation with--
        (1) passengers of diverse racial, ethnic, and religious 
    backgrounds;
        (2) national organizations that represent impacted communities;
        (3) air carriers;
        (4) airport operators; and
        (5) contract service providers.
    SEC. 408. TRAINING ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR CERTAIN STAFF.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff
    ``In addition to other training requirements, each air carrier 
shall provide training to ticket counter agents, gate agents, and other 
air carrier workers whose jobs require regular interaction with 
passengers on recognizing and responding to potential human trafficking 
victims.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.''.
    SEC. 409. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST SMOKING ON PASSENGER FLIGHTS.
    Section 41706 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Electronic Cigarettes.--
        ``(1) Inclusion.--The use of an electronic cigarette shall be 
    treated as smoking for purposes of this section.
        ``(2) Electronic cigarette defined.--In this section, the term 
    `electronic cigarette' means a device that delivers nicotine to a 
    user of the device in the form of a vapor that is inhaled to 
    simulate the experience of smoking.''.
    SEC. 410. REPORT ON BAGGAGE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall--
        (1) study and publicize for comment a cost-benefit analysis to 
    air carriers and consumers of changing the baggage reporting 
    requirements of section 234.6 of title 14, Code of Federal 
    Regulations, before the implementation of such requirements; and
        (2) submit a report on the findings of the cost-benefit 
    analysis to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    SEC. 411. ENFORCEMENT OF AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION RULES.
    (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study to consider and evaluate Department of Transportation 
enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall include an 
evaluation of--
        (1) available enforcement mechanisms;
        (2) any obstacles to enforcement; and
        (3) trends in Department of Transportation enforcement actions.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the study, including the Comptroller 
General's findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
    SEC. 412. STROLLERS.
    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
``Sec. 41726. Strollers
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), a covered 
air carrier shall not deny a passenger the ability to check a stroller 
at the departure gate if the stroller is being used by a passenger to 
transport a child traveling on the same flight as the passenger.
    ``(b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply in instances where 
the size or weight of the stroller poses a safety or security risk.
    ``(c) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term 
`covered air carrier' means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as 
those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
Code.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, 
United States Code, is further amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 41725 the following:

``41726. Strollers.''.
    SEC. 413. CAUSES OF AIRLINE DELAYS OR CANCELLATIONS.
    (a) Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in 
    consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration, shall review the categorization of delays and 
    cancellations with respect to air carriers that are required to 
    report such data.
        (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under paragraph 
    (1), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (A) whether delays and cancellations were the result of--
                (i) decisions or matters within the control or within 
            the discretion of the Federal Aviation Administration, 
            including ground stop or delay management programs in 
            response to adverse weather conditions;
                (ii) business decisions or other matters within the air 
            carrier's control or discretion in response to adverse 
            weather conditions, including efforts to disrupt the travel 
            of the fewest number of passengers; or
                (iii) other factors;
            (B) if the data indicate whether and to what extent delays 
        and cancellations attributed by an air carrier to weather 
        disproportionately impact service to smaller airports and 
        communities;
            (C) whether it is an unfair or deceptive practice for an 
        air carrier to inform a passenger that a flight is delayed or 
        cancelled due to weather alone when other factors are involved;
            (D) limitations, if any, in the Federal Aviation 
        Administration air traffic control systems that reduce the 
        capacity or efficiency of the national airspace system during 
        adverse weather events; and
            (E) relevant analytical work by academic institutions.
        (3) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult air carriers and 
    the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, 
    established under section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
    Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 prec. note), to assist in conducting 
    the review and providing recommendations on improving the quality 
    and quantity of information provided to passengers adversely 
    affected by a cancellation or delay.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under 
subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review under 
subsection (a), including any recommendations.
    (c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section shall be construed 
as affecting or penalizing--
        (1) the decision of an air carrier to maximize its system 
    capacity during weather-related events to accommodate the greatest 
    number of passengers; or
        (2) any decisions of an air carrier or the Federal Aviation 
    Administration in any matter related to or affecting the safety of 
    any person.
    SEC. 414. INVOLUNTARY CHANGES TO ITINERARIES.
    (a) Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall review 
    the rate at which air carriers change passenger itineraries more 
    than 24 hours before departure, where the new itineraries involve 
    additional stops or depart 3 hours earlier or later than originally 
    scheduled and compensation or other suitable air transportation is 
    not offered. In conducting the review, the Secretary shall consider 
    the compensation and alternative travel options provided or offered 
    by the air carrier in such situations.
        (2) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult with air carriers 
    and the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, 
    established under section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
    Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 prec. note), to assist in conducting 
    the review and providing recommendations.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under 
subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the review under subsection (a).
    SEC. 415. EXTENSION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AVIATION CONSUMER 
      PROTECTION.
    Section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
U.S.C. 42301 prec. note) is amended in subsection (h) by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
    SEC. 416. ONLINE ACCESS TO AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION 
      INFORMATION.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall--
        (1) complete an evaluation of the aviation consumer protection 
    portion of the Department of Transportation's public internet 
    website to identify any changes to the user interface, including 
    the interface presented to individuals accessing the website from a 
    mobile device, that will improve usability, accessibility, consumer 
    satisfaction, and website performance;
        (2) in completing the evaluation under paragraph (1)--
            (A) consider the best practices of other Federal agencies 
        with effective websites; and
            (B) consult with the Federal Web Managers Council;
        (3) develop a plan, including an implementation timeline, for--
            (A) making the changes identified under paragraph (1); and
            (B) making any necessary changes to that portion of the 
        website that will enable a consumer, in a manner that protects 
        the privacy of consumers and employees, to--
                (i) access information regarding each complaint filed 
            with the Aviation Consumer Protection Division of the 
            Department of Transportation;
                (ii) search the complaints described in clause (i) by 
            the name of the air carrier, the dates of departure and 
            arrival, the airports of origin and departure, and the type 
            of complaint; and
                (iii) determine the date a complaint was filed and the 
            date a complaint was resolved; and
        (4) submit the evaluation and plan to appropriate committees of 
    Congress.
    SEC. 417. PROTECTION OF PETS ON AIRPLANES.
    (a) Prohibition.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44739. Pets on airplanes
    ``(a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for any person to place a 
live animal in an overhead storage compartment of an aircraft operated 
under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    ``(b) Civil Penalty.--The Administrator may impose a civil penalty 
under section 46301 for each violation of this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 
49, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44739. Pets on airplanes.''.
    SEC. 418. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON AIR AMBULANCE AND PATIENT BILLING.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall establish an advisory 
committee for the purpose of reviewing options to improve the 
disclosure of charges and fees for air medical services, better inform 
consumers of insurance options for such services, and protect consumers 
from balance billing.
    (b) Composition of the Advisory Committee.--The advisory committee 
shall be composed of the following members:
        (1) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary's 
    designee.
        (2) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, or the 
    Secretary's designee.
        (3) One representative, to be appointed by the Secretary of 
    Transportation, of each of the following:
            (A) Each relevant Federal agency, as determined by the 
        Secretary of Transportation.
            (B) State insurance regulators
            (C) Health insurance providers.
            (D) Patient advocacy groups.
            (E) Consumer advocacy groups.
            (F) Physician specializing in emergency, trauma, cardiac, 
        or stroke.
        (4) Three representatives, to be appointed by the Secretary of 
    Transportation, to represent the various segments of the air 
    ambulance industry.
        (5) Additional three representatives not covered under 
    paragraphs (1) through (4), as determined necessary and appropriate 
    by the Secretary.
    (c) Consultation.--The advisory committee shall, as appropriate, 
consult with relevant experts and stakeholders not captured in (b) 
while conducting its review.
    (d) Recommendations.--The advisory committee shall make 
recommendations with respect to disclosure of charges and fees for air 
ambulance services and insurance coverage, consumer protection and 
enforcement authorities of both the Department of Transportation and 
State authorities, and the prevention of balance billing to consumers. 
The recommendations shall address, at a minimum--
        (1) the costs, benefits, practicability, and impact on all 
    stakeholders of clearly distinguishing between charges for air 
    transportation services and charges for non-air transportation 
    services in bills and invoices, including the costs, benefits, and 
    practicability of--
            (A) developing cost-allocation methodologies to separate 
        charges for air transportation services from charges for non-
        air transportation services; and
            (B) formats for bills and invoices that clearly distinguish 
        between charges for air transportation services and charges for 
        non-air transportation services;
        (2) options, best practices, and identified standards to 
    prevent instances of balance billing such as improving network and 
    contract negotiation, dispute resolution between health insurance 
    and air medical service providers, and explanation of insurance 
    coverage and subscription programs to consumers;
        (3) steps that can be taken by State legislatures, State 
    insurance regulators, State attorneys general, and other State 
    officials as appropriate, consistent with current legal authorities 
    regarding consumer protection;
        (4) recommendations made by the Comptroller General study, GAO-
    17-637, including what additional data from air ambulance providers 
    and other sources should be collected by the Department of 
    Transportation to improve its understanding of the air ambulance 
    market and oversight of the air ambulance industry for the purposes 
    of pursuing action related to unfair or deceptive practices or 
    unfair methods of competition, which may include--
            (A) cost data;
            (B) standard charges and payments received per transport;
            (C) whether the provider is part of a hospital-sponsored 
        program, municipality-sponsored program, hospital-independent 
        partnership (hybrid) program, or independent program;
            (D) number of transports per base and helicopter;
            (E) market shares of air ambulance providers inclusive of 
        any parent or holding companies;
            (F) any data indicating the extent of competition among air 
        ambulance providers on the basis of price and service;
            (G) prices assessed to consumers and insurers for air 
        transportation and any non-transportation services provided by 
        air ambulance providers; and
            (H) financial performance of air ambulance providers;
        (5) definitions of all applicable terms that are not defined in 
    statute or regulations; and
        (6) other matters as determined necessary or appropriate.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the first 
meeting of the advisory committee, the advisory committee shall submit 
to the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services, and the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the recommendations made under subsection (d).
    (f) Rulemaking.--Upon receipt of the report under subsection (e), 
the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the recommendations of 
the advisory committee and issue regulations or other guidance as 
deemed necessary--
        (1) to require air ambulance providers to regularly report data 
    to the Department of Transportation;
        (2) to increase transparency related to Department of 
    Transportation actions related to consumer complaints; and
        (3) to provide other consumer protections for customers of air 
    ambulance providers.
    (g) Elimination of Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics.--
The Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics shall terminate on 
the date of enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 419. AIR AMBULANCE COMPLAINTS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF 
      TRANSPORTATION.
    (a) Consumer Complaints.--Section 42302 of title 49, United States 
Code, is further amended--
        (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ``(including transportation 
    by air ambulance (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation))'' 
    after ``air transportation''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Air Ambulance Providers.--Each air ambulance provider shall 
include the hotline telephone number, link to the Internet website 
established under subsection (a), and contact information for the 
Aviation Consumer Advocate established under section 425 on--
        ``(1) any invoice, bill, or other communication provided to a 
    passenger or customer of the provider; and
        ``(2) its Internet Web site, and any related mobile device 
    application.''.
    (b) Unfair and Deceptive Practices and Unfair Methods of 
Competition.--Section 41712(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting ``air ambulance consumer (as defined by the 
Secretary of Transportation),'' after ``foreign air carrier,'' in the 
first place it appears.
    SEC. 420. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AIR AMBULANCE OVERSIGHT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after submission of the 
report required under section 418, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress on air 
ambulance oversight.
    (b) Contents of Report.--The report required under subsection (a) 
shall include--
        (1) a description of how the Secretary will conduct oversight 
    of air ambulance providers, including the information sources the 
    Secretary will use to conduct such oversight; and
        (2) a timeline for the issuance of any guidance concerning 
    unfair and deceptive practices among air ambulance providers, 
    including guidance for States and political subdivisions of States 
    to refer such matters to the Secretary.
    SEC. 421. REFUNDS FOR OTHER FEES THAT ARE NOT HONORED BY A COVERED 
      AIR CARRIER.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate regulations that require 
each covered air carrier to promptly provide a refund to a passenger of 
any ancillary fees paid for services related to air travel that the 
passenger does not receive, including on the passenger's scheduled 
flight, on a subsequent replacement itinerary if there has been a 
rescheduling, or for a flight not taken by the passenger.
    SEC. 422. ADVANCE BOARDING DURING PREGNANCY.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall review air carrier policies 
regarding traveling during pregnancy and, if appropriate, may revise 
regulations, as the Secretary considers necessary, to require an air 
carrier to offer advance boarding of an aircraft to a pregnant 
passenger who requests such assistance.
    SEC. 423. CONSUMER COMPLAINT PROCESS IMPROVEMENT.
    (a) In General.--Section 42302(c) of title 49, United States Code 
is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``An air 
    carrier or foreign air carrier providing scheduled air 
    transportation using any aircraft that as originally designed has a 
    passenger capacity of 30 or more passenger seats'' and inserting 
    ``Each air carrier and foreign air carrier'';
        (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``air carrier'' and inserting 
    ``carrier''; and
        (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``air carrier'' and inserting 
    ``carrier''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate 
regulations to implement the requirements of section 42302 of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by this Act.
    SEC. 424. AVIATION CONSUMER ADVOCATE.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall review 
aviation consumer complaints received that allege a violation of law 
and, as appropriate, pursue enforcement or corrective actions that 
would be in the public interest.
    (b) Considerations.--In considering which cases to pursue for 
enforcement or corrective action under subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall consider--
        (1) the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100 
    Stat. 1080);
        (2) unfair and deceptive practices by air carriers (including 
    air ambulance operators), foreign air carriers, and ticket agents;
        (3) the terms and conditions agreed to between passengers and 
    air carriers (including air ambulance operators), foreign air 
    carriers, or ticket agents;
        (4) aviation consumer protection and tarmac delay contingency 
    planning requirements for both airports and airlines;
        (5) protection of air ambulance consumers; and
        (6) any other applicable law.
    (c) Aviation Consumer Advocate.--
        (1) In general.--Within the Aviation Consumer Protection 
    Division of the Department of Transportation, there shall be an 
    Aviation Consumer Advocate.
        (2) Functions.--The Aviation Consumer Advocate shall--
            (A) assist consumers in resolving carrier service 
        complaints filed with the Aviation Consumer Protection 
        Division;
            (B) review the resolution by the Department of 
        Transportation of carrier service complaints;
            (C) identify and recommend actions the Department can take 
        to improve the enforcement of aviation consumer protection 
        rules, protection of air ambulance consumers, and resolution of 
        carrier service complaints; and
            (D) identify and recommend regulations and policies that 
        can be amended to more effectively resolve carrier service 
        complaints.
    (d) Annual Reports.--The Secretary, through the Aviation Consumer 
Advocate, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an 
annual report summarizing the following:
        (1) The total number of annual complaints received by the 
    Department, including the number of complaints by the name of each 
    air carrier and foreign air carrier.
        (2) The total number of annual complaints by category of 
    complaint.
        (3) The number of complaints referred in the preceding year for 
    enforcement or corrective action by the Department.
        (4) Any recommendations under paragraphs (2)(C) and (2)(D) of 
    subsection (c).
        (5) Such other data as the Aviation Consumer Advocate considers 
    appropriate.
    (e) Sunset on Reporting Requirement.--The reporting requirement of 
subsection (d) shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
    SEC. 425. TICKETS ACT.
    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Transparency 
Improvements and Compensation to Keep Every Ticketholder Safe Act of 
2018'' or the ``TICKETS Act''.
    (b) Boarded Passengers.--Beginning on the date of enactment of this 
Act, a covered air carrier may not deny a revenue passenger traveling 
on a confirmed reservation permission to board, or involuntarily remove 
that passenger from the aircraft, once a revenue passenger has--
        (1) checked in for the flight prior to the check-in deadline; 
    and
        (2) had their ticket or boarding pass collected or 
    electronically scanned and accepted by the gate agent.
    (c) Limitations.--The prohibition pursuant to subsection (b) shall 
not apply when--
        (1) there is a safety, security, or health risk with respect to 
    that revenue passenger or there is a safety or security issue 
    requiring removal of a revenue passenger; or
        (2) the revenue passenger is engaging in behavior that is 
    obscene, disruptive, or otherwise unlawful.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to limit or otherwise affect the responsibility or authority of a pilot 
in command of an aircraft under section 121.533 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, or limit any penalty under section 46504 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (e) Involuntary Denied Boarding Compensation.--Not later than 60 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall issue a final rule to revise part 250 of title 14, 
Code of Federal Regulations, to clarify that--
        (1) there is not a maximum level of compensation an air carrier 
    or foreign air carrier may pay to a passenger who is involuntarily 
    denied boarding as the result of an oversold flight;
        (2) the compensation levels set forth in that part are the 
    minimum levels of compensation an air carrier or foreign air 
    carrier must pay to a passenger who is involuntarily denied 
    boarding as the result of an oversold flight; and
        (3) an air carrier or foreign air carrier must proactively 
    offer to pay compensation to a passenger who is voluntarily or 
    involuntarily denied boarding on an oversold flight, rather than 
    waiting until the passenger requests the compensation.
    (f) GAO Report on Oversales.--
        (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall review airline policies and practices related to oversales of 
    flights.
        (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under paragraph 
    (1), the Comptroller General shall examine--
            (A) the impact on passengers as a result of an oversale, 
        including increasing or decreasing the costs of passenger air 
        transportation;
            (B) economic and operational factors which result in 
        oversales;
            (C) whether, and if so how, the incidence of oversales 
        varies depending on markets;
            (D) potential consequences on the limiting of oversales; 
        and
            (E) best practices on how oversale policies can be 
        communicated to passengers at airline check-in desks and 
        airport gates.
        (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review under 
    paragraph (2).
    (g) Gate Notice of Policies.--The Secretary may provide guidance on 
how these policies should be communicated at covered air carrier check-
in desks and airport gates.
    SEC. 426. REPORT ON AVAILABILITY OF LAVATORIES ON COMMERCIAL 
      AIRCRAFT.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing--
        (1) the availability of functional lavatories on commercial 
    aircraft;
        (2) the extent to which flights take off without functional 
    lavatories;
        (3) the ability of passengers with disabilities to access 
    lavatories on commercial aircraft;
        (4) the extent of complaints to the Department of 
    Transportation and air carriers related to lavatories and efforts 
    they have taken to address complaints; and
        (5) the extent to which air carriers are reducing the size and 
    number of lavatories to add more seats and whether this creates 
    passenger lavatory access issues.
    SEC. 427. CONSUMER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO LARGE TICKET 
      AGENTS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a 
final rule to require large ticket agents to adopt minimum customer 
service standards.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the final rule shall be to ensure 
that, to the extent feasible, there is a consistent level of consumer 
protection regardless of where consumers purchase air fares and related 
air transportation services.
    (c) Standards.--In issuing the final rule, the Secretary shall 
consider, to the extent feasible, establishing standards consistent 
with all customer service and disclosure requirements applicable to 
covered air carriers under this title and associated regulations.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Ticket agent.--
            (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the term 
        ``ticket agent'' has the meaning given that term in section 
        40102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
            (B) Inclusion.--The term ``ticket agent'' includes a person 
        who acts as an intermediary involved in the sale of air 
        transportation directly or indirectly to consumers, including 
        by operating an electronic airline information system, if the 
        person--
                (i) holds the person out as a source of information 
            about, or reservations for, the air transportation 
            industry; and
                (ii) receives compensation in any way related to the 
            sale of air transportation.
        (2) Large ticket agent.--The term ``large ticket agent'' means 
    a ticket agent with annual revenues of $100,000,000 or more.
    (e) Enforcement.--No large ticket agent may be found in 
noncompliance of any standard or requirement adopted in the final rule 
required by this section if--
        (1) the large ticket agent is unable to meet the new standard 
    or requirement due to the lack of information or data from the 
    covered air carrier and the information is required for the large 
    ticket agent to comply with such standard or requirement; or
        (2) the sale of air transportation is made by a large ticket 
    agent pursuant to a specific corporate or government fare 
    management contract.
    SEC. 428. WIDESPREAD DISRUPTIONS.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 423 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 42304. Widespread disruptions
    ``(a) General Requirements.--In the event of a widespread 
disruption, a covered air carrier shall immediately publish, via a 
prominent link on the air carrier's public internet website, a clear 
statement indicating whether, with respect to a passenger of the air 
carrier whose travel is interrupted as a result of the widespread 
disruption, the air carrier will--
        ``(1) provide for hotel accommodations;
        ``(2) arrange for ground transportation;
        ``(3) provide meal vouchers;
        ``(4) arrange for air transportation on another air carrier or 
    foreign air carrier to the passenger's destination; and
        ``(5) provide for sleeping facilities inside the airport 
    terminal.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
        ``(1) Widespread disruption.--The term `widespread disruption' 
    means, with respect to a covered air carrier, the interruption of 
    all or the overwhelming majority of the air carrier's systemwide 
    flight operations, including flight delays and cancellations, as 
    the result of the failure of 1 or more computer systems or computer 
    networks of the air carrier.
        ``(2) Covered air carrier.--The term `covered air carrier' 
    means an air carrier that provides scheduled passenger air 
    transportation by operating an aircraft that as originally designed 
    has a passenger capacity of 30 or more seats.
    ``(c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to modify, abridge, or repeal any obligation of an air carrier under 
section 42301.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 423 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``42304. Widespread disruptions.''.
    SEC. 429. PASSENGER RIGHTS.
    (a) Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall require each covered 
air carrier to submit a summarized 1-page document that describes the 
rights of passengers in air transportation, including guidelines for 
the following:
        (1) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals, 
    and lodging) for flight delays of various lengths.
        (2) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals, 
    and lodging) for flight diversions.
        (3) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals, 
    and lodging) for flight cancellations.
        (4) Compensation for mishandled baggage, including delayed, 
    damaged, pilfered, or lost baggage.
        (5) Voluntary relinquishment of a ticketed seat due to 
    overbooking or priority of other passengers.
        (6) Involuntary denial of boarding and forced removal for 
    whatever reason, including for safety and security reasons.
    (b) Filing of Summarized Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after 
each air carrier submits its guidelines to the Secretary under 
subsection (a), the air carrier shall make available such 1-page 
document in a prominent location on its website.

            Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

    SEC. 431. AVIATION CONSUMERS WITH DISABILITIES STUDY.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study that includes--
        (1) a review of airport accessibility best practices for 
    individuals with disabilities, including best practices that 
    improve infrastructure facilities and communications methods, 
    including those related to wayfinding, amenities, and passenger 
    care;
        (2) a review of air carrier and airport training policies 
    related to section 41705 of title 49, United States Code;
        (3) a review of air carrier training policies related to 
    properly assisting passengers with disabilities; and
        (4) a review of accessibility best practices that exceed those 
    recommended under Public Law 90-480 (popularly known as the 
    Architectural Barriers Act of 1968; 42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq.), the 
    Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), the Air Carrier 
    Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100 Stat. 1080 et seq.), and 
    the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et 
    seq.).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the Comptroller 
General initiates the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller 
General shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation and the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the study, including 
findings and recommendations.
    SEC. 432. STUDY ON IN-CABIN WHEELCHAIR RESTRAINT SYSTEMS.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, aircraft 
manufacturers, air carriers, and disability advocates, shall conduct a 
study to determine--
        (1) the feasibility of in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems; 
    and
        (2) if feasible, the ways in which individuals with significant 
    disabilities using wheelchairs, including power wheelchairs, can be 
    accommodated with in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the initiation of the 
study under subsection (a), the Architectural and Transportation 
Barriers Compliance Board shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the findings of the study.
    SEC. 433. IMPROVING WHEELCHAIR ASSISTANCE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
      DISABILITIES.
    Following the receipt of the report required under section 2107 of 
the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-
190; 130 Stat. 622), the Secretary of Transportation shall develop, if 
appropriate, specific recommendations regarding improvements to 
wheelchair assistance provided by air carriers and recommendations on 
how training programs by air carriers can address consumer complaints 
regarding wheelchair assistance.
    SEC. 434. AIRLINE PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES BILL OF RIGHTS.
    (a) Airline Passengers With Disabilities Bill of Rights.--The 
Secretary of Transportation shall develop a document, to be known as 
the ``Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights'', using 
plain language to describe the basic protections and responsibilities 
of covered air carriers, their employees and contractors, and people 
with disabilities under the section 41705 of title 49, United States 
Code.
    (b) Content.--In developing the Airline Passengers with 
Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
include, at a minimum, plain language descriptions of protections and 
responsibilities provided in law related to the following:
        (1) The right of passengers with disabilities to be treated 
    with dignity and respect.
        (2) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive timely 
    assistance, if requested, from properly trained covered air carrier 
    and contractor personnel.
        (3) The right of passengers with disabilities to travel with 
    wheelchairs, mobility aids, and other assistive devices, including 
    necessary medications and medical supplies, including stowage of 
    such wheelchairs, aids, and devices.
        (4) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive 
    seating accommodations, if requested, to accommodate a disability.
        (5) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive 
    announcements in an accessible format.
        (6) The right of passengers with disabilities to speak with a 
    complaint resolution officer or to file a complaint with a covered 
    air carrier or the Department of Transportation.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--The development of the Airline 
Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsections (a) and 
(b) shall not be construed as expanding or restricting the rights 
available to passengers with disabilities on the day before the date of 
the enactment of this Act pursuant to any statute or regulation.
    (d) Consultations.--In developing the Airline Passengers with 
Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary of 
Transportation shall consult with stakeholders, including disability 
organizations and covered air carriers and their contractors.
    (e) Display.--Each covered air carrier shall include the Airline 
Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights--
        (1) on a publicly available internet website of the covered air 
    carrier; and
        (2) in any pre-flight notifications or communications provided 
    to passengers who alert the covered air carrier in advance of the 
    need for accommodations relating to a disability.
    (f) Training.--Covered air carriers and contractors of covered air 
carriers shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation plans that 
ensure employees of covered air carriers and their contractors receive 
training on the protections and responsibilities described in the 
Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights. The Secretary 
shall review such plans to ensure the plans address the matters 
described in subsection (b).
    SEC. 435. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING EQUAL ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS 
      WITH DISABILITIES.
    It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) the aviation industry and every relevant stakeholder must 
    work to ensure that every individual who experiences a disability 
    has equal access to air travel;
        (2) as technology and ease of travel continue to advance, 
    accessibility must be a priority; and
        (3) accommodations must--
            (A) extend to every airport and service or facility of an 
        air carrier; and
            (B) be inclusive of every disability.
    SEC. 436. CIVIL PENALTIES RELATING TO HARM TO PASSENGERS WITH 
      DISABILITIES.
    Section 46301(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(7) Penalties Relating to Harm to Passengers With Disabilities.--
        ``(A) Penalty for bodily harm or damage to wheelchair or other 
    mobility aid.--The amount of a civil penalty assessed under this 
    section for a violation of section 41705 that involves damage to a 
    passenger's wheelchair or other mobility aid or injury to a 
    passenger with a disability may be increased above the otherwise 
    applicable maximum amount under this section for a violation of 
    section 41705 to an amount not to exceed 3 times the maximum 
    penalty otherwise allowed.
        ``(B) Each act constitutes separate offense.--Notwithstanding 
    paragraph (2), a separate violation of section 41705 occurs for 
    each act of discrimination prohibited by that section.''.
    SEC. 437. HARMONIZATION OF SERVICE ANIMAL STANDARDS.
    (a) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a 
rulemaking proceeding--
        (1) to define the term ``service animal'' for purposes of air 
    transportation; and
        (2) to develop minimum standards for what is required for 
    service and emotional support animals carried in aircraft cabins.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the rulemaking under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
        (1) whether to align the definition of ``service animal'' with 
    the definition of that term in regulations of the Department of 
    Justice implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 
    (Public Law 101-336);
        (2) reasonable measures to ensure pets are not claimed as 
    service animals, such as--
            (A) whether to require photo identification for a service 
        animal identifying the type of animal, the breed of animal, and 
        the service the animal provides to the passenger;
            (B) whether to require documentation indicating whether or 
        not a service animal was trained by the owner or an approved 
        training organization;
            (C) whether to require, from a licensed physician, 
        documentation indicating the mitigating task or tasks a service 
        animal provides to its owner; and
            (D) whether to allow a passenger to be accompanied by more 
        than 1 service animal;
        (3) reasonable measures to ensure the safety of all passengers, 
    such as--
            (A) whether to require health and vaccination records for a 
        service animal; and
            (B) whether to require third-party proof of behavioral 
        training for a service animal;
        (4) the impact additional requirements on service animals could 
    have on access to air transportation for passengers with 
    disabilities; and
        (5) if impacts on access to air transportation for passengers 
    with disabilities are found, ways to eliminate or mitigate those 
    impacts.
    (c) Final Rule.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant 
to the rulemaking conducted under this section.
    SEC. 438. REVIEW OF PRACTICES FOR TICKETING, PRE-FLIGHT SEAT 
      ASSIGNMENTS, AND STOWING OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR PASSENGERS WITH 
      DISABILITIES.
    (a) Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the first meeting 
    of the advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers 
    with disabilities established in section 439 (referred to in this 
    section as the ``Advisory Committee''), the Secretary of 
    Transportation shall direct the Advisory Committee to review 
    current regulations with respect to practices for ticketing, pre-
    flight seat assignments, and stowing of assistive devices for 
    passengers with disabilities.
        (2) Recommendations.--In carrying out the review under 
    paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee shall, at a minimum, provide 
    recommendations on whether current regulations should be modified 
    or prescribed to--
            (A) provide accommodations for passengers with 
        disabilities, if requested, in ticketing and pre-flight 
        assignments;
            (B) require covered air carriers to provide priority access 
        to bulkhead seating to passengers with disabilities who need 
        access to features of those seats due to disabilities 
        regardless of class of service of ticket purchased; and
            (C) ensure passengers with disabilities are able to stow 
        assistive devices without cost.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of their first 
meeting, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of 
Transportation and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
the review conducted under subsection (a)(1), including the 
recommendations developed under subsection (a)(2).
    SEC. 439. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE AIR TRAVEL NEEDS OF PASSENGERS 
      WITH DISABILITIES.
    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish 
an advisory committee on issues related to the air travel needs of 
passengers with disabilities (referred to in this section as the 
``Advisory Committee'').
    (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall--
        (1) identify and assess the disability-related access barriers 
    encountered by passengers with disabilities;
        (2) determine the extent to which the programs and activities 
    of the Department of Transportation are addressing the barriers 
    identified in paragraph (1);
        (3) recommend consumer protection improvements to the air 
    travel experience of passengers with disabilities;
        (4) advise the Secretary with regard to the implementation of 
    section 41705 of title 49, United States Code; and
        (5) conduct such activities as the Secretary considers 
    necessary to carry out this section.
    (c) Membership.--
        (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of at 
    least 1 representative of each of the following groups:
            (A) Passengers with disabilities.
            (B) National disability organizations.
            (C) Air carriers.
            (D) Airport operators.
            (E) Contractor service providers.
            (F) Aircraft manufacturers.
            (G) Wheelchair manufacturers.
            (H) National veterans organizations representing disabled 
        veterans.
        (2) Appointment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall appoint 
    each member of the Advisory Committee.
        (3) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall be 
    filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
    (d) Chairperson.--The Secretary of Transportation shall designate, 
from among the members appointed under subsection (c), an individual to 
serve as chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Travel Expenses.--Members of the Advisory Committee shall serve 
without pay, but shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in 
lieu of subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of 
title 5, United States Code.
    (f) Reports.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 14 months after the date of 
    establishment of the Advisory Committee, and annually thereafter, 
    the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of 
    Transportation a report on the needs of passengers with 
    disabilities in air travel, including--
            (A) an assessment of existing disability-related access 
        barriers, and any emerging disability-related access barriers 
        that will likely be an issue in the next 5 calendar years;
            (B) an evaluation of the extent to which the Department of 
        Transportation's programs and activities are eliminating 
        disability-related access barriers;
            (C) a description of the Advisory Committee's actions;
            (D) a description of improvements related to the air travel 
        experience of passengers with disabilities; and
            (E) any recommendations for legislation, administrative 
        action, or other action that the Advisory Committee considers 
        appropriate.
        (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
    the Secretary receives the report under paragraph (1), the 
    Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
    copy of the report, including any additional findings or 
    recommendations that the Secretary considers appropriate.
    (g) Termination.--The Advisory Committee established under this 
section shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (h) Termination of the Next Generation Air Transportation System 
Senior Policy Committee.--The Next Generation Air Transportation System 
Senior Policy Committee established by the Secretary of Transportation 
shall terminate on the date of the initial appointment of the members 
of the Advisory Committee.
    SEC. 440. REGULATIONS ENSURING ASSISTANCE FOR PASSENGERS WITH 
      DISABILITIES IN AIR TRANSPORTATION.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall--
        (1) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations to 
    ensure that passengers with disabilities who request assistance 
    while traveling in air transportation receive dignified, timely, 
    and effective assistance at airports and on aircraft from trained 
    personnel; and
        (2) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations 
    related to covered air carrier training programs for air carrier 
    personnel, including contractors, who provide physical assistance 
    to passengers with disabilities to ensure that training under such 
    programs--
            (A) occurs on an annual schedule for all new and continuing 
        personnel charged with providing physical assistance; and
            (B) includes, as appropriate, instruction by personnel, 
        with hands-on training for employees who physically lift or 
        otherwise physically assist passengers with disabilities, 
        including the use of relevant equipment.
    (b) Types of Assistance.--The assistance referred to subsection 
(a)(1) may include requests for assistance in boarding or deplaning an 
aircraft, requests for assistance in connecting between flights, and 
other similar or related requests, as appropriate.
    SEC. 441. TRANSPARENCY FOR DISABLED PASSENGERS.
    The compliance date of the final rule, dated November 2, 2016, on 
the reporting of data for mishandled baggage and wheelchairs in 
aircraft cargo compartments (81 Fed. Reg. 76300) shall be effective not 
later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act.

                Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

    SEC. 451. ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE AUTHORIZATION.
    (a) In General.--Section 41742(a)(2) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2011'' and 
all that follows before ``to carry out'' and inserting ``$155,000,000 
for fiscal year 2018, $158,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, $161,000,000 
for fiscal year 2020, $165,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, $168,000,000 
for fiscal year 2022, and $172,000,000 for fiscal year 2023''.
    (b) Seasonal Service.--The Secretary of Transportation may consider 
the flexibility of current operational dates and airport accessibility 
to meet local community needs when issuing requests for proposal of 
essential air service at seasonal airports.
    SEC. 452. STUDY ON ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE REFORM.
    (a) Study.--
        (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall conduct a study on the effects of section 6 of the Airport 
    and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part IV (Public Law 112-27), 
    section 421 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public 
    Law 112-95), and other relevant Federal laws enacted after 2010, 
    including the amendments made by those laws, on the Essential Air 
    Service program.
        (2) Scope.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), the 
    Comptroller General shall analyze, at a minimum--
            (A) the impact of each relevant Federal law, including the 
        amendments made by each law, on the Essential Air Service 
        program;
            (B) what actions communities and air carriers have taken to 
        reduce ticket prices or increase enplanements as a result of 
        each law;
            (C) the issuance of waivers by the Secretary under section 
        41731(e) of title 49, United States Code;
            (D) whether budgetary savings resulted from each law; and
            (E) options for further reform of the Essential Air Service 
        program.
    (b) Required Analysis on Communities.--In carrying out subsection 
(a)(2)(E) the Comptroller General shall include, for each option for 
further reform, an analysis of the impact on local economies of 
communities with airports receiving Essential Air Service funding, 
access to air travel for residents of rural communities and the impact 
to local businesses in such communities.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study conducted 
under subsection (a).
    SEC. 453. AIR TRANSPORTATION TO NONELIGIBLE PLACES.
    (a) Definitions.--Section 41731(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``Wendell H. Ford Aviation 
Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century,'' and inserting ``FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190),''.
    (b) Program Sunset.--Section 41736 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Sunset.--
        ``(1) Proposals.--No proposal under subsection (a) may be 
    accepted by the Secretary after the date of enactment of this 
    subsection.
        ``(2) Program.--The Secretary may not provide any compensation 
    under this section after the date that is 2 years after the date of 
    enactment of this subsection.''.
    SEC. 454. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF SERVICE AND OVERSIGHT OF 
      UNSUBSIDIZED CARRIERS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation 
shall conduct and complete a review of orders issued by the Department 
of Transportation from 2005 through the date of enactment of this Act 
to determine whether the carriers providing unsubsidized service 
provided basic essential air service, and whether the Department 
conducted sufficient oversight of carriers providing unsubsidized 
service to ensure air service quality and community satisfaction.
    (b) Contents.--The review shall include, at a minimum--
        (1) a review of the Department's efforts to communicate to the 
    community served by the unsubsidized carrier on any material air 
    service changes; and
        (2) a review of the Department's efforts to closely monitor the 
    quality of air service provided by the unsubsidized carrier and 
    request proposals for basic essential air service if necessary.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date of completion of 
the review, the inspector general shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
    SEC. 455. SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE.
    (a) Eligibility.--Section 41743(c) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
        (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
        ``(1) Size.--On the date of submission of the relevant 
    application under subsection (b), the airport serving the community 
    or consortium--
            ``(A) is not larger than a small hub airport, as determined 
        using the Department of Transportation's most recently 
        published classification; and
            ``(B) has--
                ``(i) insufficient air carrier service; or
                ``(ii) unreasonably high air fares.'';
        (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
        ``(4) Overall limit.--
            ``(A) In general.--No more than 40 communities or consortia 
        of communities, or a combination thereof, may be selected to 
        participate in the program in each year for which funds are 
        appropriated for the program.
            ``(B) Same projects.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
        (C), no community, consortia of communities, or combination 
        thereof may participate in the program in support of the same 
        project more than once in a 10-year period, but any community, 
        consortia of communities, or combination thereof may apply, 
        subsequent to such participation, to participate in the program 
        in support of a different project at any time.
            ``(C) Exception.--The Secretary may waive the limitation 
        under subparagraph (B) related to projects that are the same if 
        the Secretary determines that the community or consortium spent 
        little or no money on its previous project or encountered 
        industry or environmental challenges, due to circumstances that 
        were reasonably beyond the control of the community or 
        consortium.'';
        (3) in paragraph (5)--
            (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
        subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
            (B) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
            ``(E) the assistance will be used to help restore scheduled 
        passenger air service that has been terminated;''.
    (b) Authority to Make Agreements.--Section 41743(e)(1) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``The Secretary may amend the scope of a grant agreement at the request 
of the community or consortium and any participating air carrier, and 
may limit the scope of a grant agreement to only the elements using 
grant assistance or to only the elements achieved, if the Secretary 
determines that the amendment is reasonably consistent with the 
original purpose of the project.''
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 41743(e)(2) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
        ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to 
    be appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each of fiscal 
    years 2018 through 2023 to carry out this section. Such sums shall 
    remain available until expended.''.
    SEC. 456. WAIVERS.
    Section 41732 is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Waivers.--Notwithstanding section 41733(e), upon request by 
an eligible place, the Secretary may waive, in whole or in part, 
subsections (a) and (b) of this section or subsections (a) through (c) 
of section 41734. A waiver issued under this subsection shall remain in 
effect for a limited period of time, as determined by the Secretary.''.
    SEC. 457. EXTENSION OF FINAL ORDER ESTABLISHING MILEAGE ADJUSTMENT 
      ELIGIBILITY.
    Section 409(d) of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) is amended by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
    SEC. 458. REDUCTION IN SUBSIDY-PER-PASSENGER.
    Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (126 
Stat. 98) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Reduction in Subsidy-per-passenger.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall waive application of the 
    subsidy-per-passenger cap described under subsection (c) if the 
    Secretary finds that the community's subsidy-per-passenger for a 
    fiscal year is lower than the subsidy-per-passenger for any of the 
    3 previous fiscal years.
        ``(2) Exception.--The Secretary shall waive application of the 
    subsidy-per-passenger cap if the subsidy-per-passenger for a fiscal 
    year is less than 10 percent higher than the highest subsidy-per-
    passenger from any of the 3 previous fiscal years. The Secretary 
    may only waive application of the subsidy-per-passenger cap under 
    this paragraph once per community.
        ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall 
    be construed to limit the Secretary's ability under subsection (c) 
    to waive application of the subsidy-per-passenger cap.''.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

    SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
    Federal Aviation Administration.
        (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the FAA.
        (3) ADS-B.--The term ``ADS-B'' means automatic dependent 
    surveillance-broadcast.
        (4) ADS-B out.--The term ``ADS-B Out'' means automatic 
    dependent surveillance-broadcast with the ability to transmit 
    information from the aircraft to ground stations and to other 
    equipped aircraft.
        (5) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
    Administration.
        (6) Nextgen.--The term ``NextGen'' means the Next Generation 
    Air Transportation System.
    SEC. 502. REPORT ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL MODERNIZATION.
    (a) FAA Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the multiyear 
effort of the Administration to modernize the air transportation system 
(in this section referred to as the ``modernization effort''), 
including--
        (1) the number of years that the modernization effort has been 
    underway as of the date of the report;
        (2) the total amount of money expended on the modernization 
    effort as of the date of the report (including a description of how 
    that amount was calculated);
        (3) the net present value of the benefits reported from 
    aircraft operators resulting from the money expended on the 
    modernization effort as of the date of the report;
        (4) a definition for NextGen, including a description of any 
    changes to that definition that occurred between 2003 and the date 
    of the report;
        (5) the net present value of the money expended on NextGen as 
    of the date of the report if such money had been deposited into a 
    Government trust fund instead of being expended on NextGen;
        (6) a description of the benefits promised and benefits 
    delivered with respect to NextGen as of the date of the report;
        (7) any changes to the benefits promised with respect to 
    NextGen between the date on which NextGen began and the date of the 
    report;
        (8) a description of each program or project that comprises 
    NextGen, including--
            (A) when the program or project was initiated;
            (B) the total budget for the program or project;
            (C) the initial budget for the program or project;
            (D) the acquisition program baseline for the program or 
        project;
            (E) whether the program or project has ever breached the 
        acquisition program baseline and, if so, a description of when, 
        why, and how the breach was resolved;
            (F) whether the program or project has been re-baselined or 
        divided into smaller segments and, if so, a description of 
        when, why, and the impact to the cost of the program or 
        project;
            (G) the initial schedule for the program or project;
            (H) whether the program or project was delayed and, if so, 
        a description of how long, why, and the impact to the cost of 
        the program or project;
            (I) whether the Administration changed any contract term or 
        deliverable for the program or project and, if so, a 
        description of the change, why it happened, and the impact to 
        the cost of the program or project;
            (J) benefits promised with respect to the program or 
        project at initiation;
            (K) benefits delivered with respect to the program or 
        project as of the date of the report;
            (L) whether the program or project was cancelled and, if 
        so, a description of why and when;
            (M) for cancelled programs or projects, whether there were 
        any costs associated with the decision to cancel and, if so, a 
        description of the amount of the costs (including for both the 
        Administration and the private sector);
            (N) the metrics, milestones, and deadlines set for the 
        program or project and how the Administration tracked and 
        ensured compliance with those metrics, milestones, and 
        deadlines;
            (O) how the Administration conducted oversight of the 
        program or project and any related stakeholder collaboration 
        efforts;
            (P) the status of the program or project as of the date of 
        the report; and
            (Q) an assessment of the key risks to the full 
        implementation of the program and a description of how the 
        Administration is mitigating, or plans to mitigate, those 
        risks;
        (9) the date upon which, or milestone by which, the 
    Administration anticipates NextGen will be complete; and
        (10) any lessons learned during the NextGen effort, and 
    whether, how, and to what effect those lessons have been applied.
    (b) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 270 days after the 
date on which the report required under subsection (a) is submitted, 
the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall review 
the report and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
statement of the inspector general that--
        (1) determines the accuracy of the information reported;
        (2) describes any concerns with the accuracy of the information 
    reported;
        (3) summarizes concerns raised by the inspector general, the 
    Government Accountability Office, and other sources with respect to 
    the Administration's implementation and oversight of NextGen since 
    the date on which NextGen began;
        (4) describes--
            (A) any pertinent recommendations made by the inspector 
        general related to the Administration's implementation and 
        oversight of NextGen since the date on which NextGen began; and
            (B) whether and how the Administration addressed the 
        recommendations; and
        (5) provides any other information that the inspector general 
    determines is appropriate.
    SEC. 503. RETURN ON INVESTMENT REPORT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that each NextGen 
program has a positive return on investment, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status 
of each NextGen program, including the most recent NextGen priority 
list under subsection (c).
    (b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall include, for 
each NextGen program--
        (1) an estimate of the date the program will have a positive 
    return on investment;
        (2) an explanation for any delay in the delivery of expected 
    benefits from previously published estimates on delivery of such 
    benefits, in implementing or utilizing the program;
        (3) an estimate of the completion date;
        (4) an assessment of the long-term and near-term user benefits 
    of the program for--
            (A) the Federal Government; and
            (B) the users of the national airspace system; and
        (5) a description of how the program directly contributes to a 
    safer and more efficient air traffic control system.
    (c) NextGen Priority List.--Based on the assessment under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
        (1) develop, in coordination with the NextGen Advisory 
    Committee and considering the need for a balance between long-term 
    and near-term user benefits, a prioritization of the NextGen 
    programs;
        (2) annually update the priority list under paragraph (1); and
        (3) prepare budget submissions to reflect the current status of 
    NextGen programs and projected returns on investment for each 
    NextGen program.
    (d) Definition of Return on Investment.--In this section, the term 
``return on investment'' means the cost associated with technologies 
that are required by law or policy as compared to the financial 
benefits derived from such technologies by a government or a user of 
airspace.
    (e) Repeal of NextGen Priorities.--Section 202 of the FAA 
Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-95; 49 U.S.C. 
40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the table of 
contents under section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.
    SEC. 504. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLANS.
    (a) Air Traffic Control Operational Contingency Plans.--Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall review the Administration's air traffic control operational 
contingency plans (FAA Order JO 1900.47E), and, as the Administrator 
considers appropriate, update such plans, to address potential air 
traffic facility outages that could have a major impact on the 
operation of the national airspace system, including the most recent 
findings and recommendations in the report under subsection (c).
    (b) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the air traffic 
control operational contingency plans are reviewed under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the review, including any recommendations for 
ensuring air traffic facility outages do not have a major impact on the 
operation of the national airspace system.
    (c) Resiliency Recommendations.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter as the 
Administrator considers appropriate, the Administrator shall convene 
NextGen program officials to evaluate, expedite, and complete a report 
on how planned NextGen capabilities can enhance the resiliency and 
continuity of national airspace system operations and mitigate the 
impact of future air traffic control disruptions.
    SEC. 505. 2020 ADS-B OUT MANDATE PLAN.
    The Administrator, in collaboration with the NextGen Advisory 
Committee, shall--
        (1) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
    Act--
            (A) identify any known and potential barriers to compliance 
        with the 2020 ADS-B Out mandate under section 91.225 of title 
        14, Code of Federal Regulations;
            (B) develop a plan to address the known barriers identified 
        in paragraph (1), including a schedule for--
                (i) periodically reevaluating the potential barriers 
            identified in paragraph (1); and
                (ii) developing solutions and implementing actions to 
            address the known and potential barriers; and
            (C) submit the plan to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress; and
        (2) not later than 90 days after the date the plan is submitted 
    under paragraph (1), submit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress a report on the progress made toward meeting the 2020 ADS-
    B Out mandate.
    SEC. 506. SECURING AIRCRAFT AVIONICS SYSTEMS.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall consider, where 
appropriate, revising Federal Aviation Administration regulations 
regarding airworthiness certification--
        (1) to address cybersecurity for avionics systems, including 
    software components; and
        (2) to require that aircraft avionics systems used for flight 
    guidance or aircraft control be secured against unauthorized access 
    via passenger in-flight entertainment systems through such means as 
    the Administrator determines appropriate to protect the avionics 
    systems from unauthorized external and internal access.
    (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall consider the recommendations of the Aircraft 
Systems Information Security Protection Working Group under section 
2111 of the FAA Extension Safety and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 
114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
    SEC. 507. HUMAN FACTORS.
    (a) In General.--In order to avoid having to subsequently modify 
products and services developed as a part of NextGen, the Administrator 
shall--
        (1) recognize and incorporate, in early design phases of all 
    relevant NextGen programs, the human factors and procedural and 
    airspace implications of stated goals and associated technical 
    changes; and
        (2) ensure that a human factors specialist, separate from the 
    research and certification groups, is directly involved with the 
    NextGen approval process.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the progress made toward implementing the 
requirements under subsection (a).
    SEC. 508. PROGRAMMATIC RISK MANAGEMENT.
    To better inform the Administration's decisions regarding the 
prioritization of efforts and allocation of resources for NextGen, the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) solicit input from specialists in probability and 
    statistics to identify and prioritize the programmatic and 
    implementation risks to NextGen; and
        (2) develop a method to manage and mitigate the risks 
    identified in paragraph (1).
    SEC. 509. REVIEW OF FAA STRATEGIC CYBERSECURITY PLAN.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the 
comprehensive and strategic framework of principles and policies 
(referred to in this section as the ``framework'') developed pursuant 
to section 2111 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(49 U.S.C. 44903 note).
    (b) Contents.--In undertaking the review under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) assess the degree to which the framework identifies and 
    addresses known cybersecurity risks associated with the aviation 
    system;
        (2) review existing short- and long-term objectives for 
    addressing cybersecurity risks to the national airspace system; and
        (3) assess the Administration's level of engagement and 
    coordination with aviation stakeholders and other appropriate 
    agencies, organizations, or groups with which the Administration 
    consults to carry out the framework.
    (c) Updates.--Upon completion of the review under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall modify the framework, as appropriate, to 
address any deficiencies identified by the review.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating 
the review required by subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of 
the review, including a description of any modifications made to the 
framework.
    SEC. 510. CONSOLIDATION AND REALIGNMENT OF FAA SERVICES AND 
      FACILITIES.
    (a) Purpose and Input.--Section 804(a) of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``The purpose of the report 
    shall be--'' and all that follows through ``(B) to reduce'' and 
    inserting ``The purpose of the report shall be to reduce''; and
        (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
        ``(4) Input.--The report shall be prepared by the Administrator 
    (or the Administrator's designee) with the participation of--
            ``(A) representatives of labor organizations representing 
        air traffic control system employees of the FAA; and
            ``(B) industry stakeholders.''.
    (b) Military Operations Exclusion.--Section 804 of the FAA 
Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is 
amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Military Operations Exclusion.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may not realign or 
    consolidate a combined TRACON and tower with radar facility of the 
    FAA under this section if, in 2015, the total annual military 
    operations at the facility comprised at least 40 percent of the 
    total annual TRACON operations at the facility.
        ``(2) TRACON defined.--In this subsection, the term `TRACON' 
    means terminal radar approach control.''.
    SEC. 511. FAA REVIEW AND REFORM.
    (a) Agency Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a detailed analysis of any actions 
taken to address the findings and recommendations included in the 
report required under section 812(d) of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 106 note), including--
        (1) consolidating, phasing-out, or eliminating duplicative 
    positions, programs, roles, or offices;
        (2) eliminating or streamlining wasteful practices;
        (3) eliminating or phasing-out redundant, obsolete, or 
    unnecessary functions;
        (4) reforming and streamlining inefficient processes so that 
    the activities of the Administration are completed in an expedited 
    and efficient manner; and
        (5) reforming or eliminating ineffectual or outdated policies.
    (b) Additional Review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall undertake and complete a 
thorough review of each program, office, and organization within the 
Administration to identify--
        (1) duplicative positions, programs, roles, or offices;
        (2) wasteful practices;
        (3) redundant, obsolete, or unnecessary functions;
        (4) inefficient processes; and
        (5) ineffectual or outdated policies.
    (c) Actions To Streamline and Reform FAA.--Not later than 60 days 
after the date of completion of the review under subsection (b), the 
Administrator shall undertake such actions as may be necessary to 
address the findings of the Administrator under such subsection.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
completion of the review under subsection (b), the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
actions taken by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c), 
including any recommendations for legislative or administrative 
actions.
    SEC. 512. AIR SHOWS.
    On an annual basis, the Administrator shall work with 
representatives of Administration-approved air shows, the general 
aviation community, and stadiums and other large outdoor events and 
venues to identify and resolve, to the maximum extent practicable, 
scheduling conflicts between Administration-approved air shows and 
large outdoor events and venues where--
        (1) flight restrictions will be imposed pursuant to section 521 
    of title V of division F of Public Law 108-199 (118 Stat. 343); or
        (2) any other restriction will be imposed pursuant to Federal 
    Aviation Administration Flight Data Center Notice to Airmen 4/3621 
    (or any successor notice to airmen).
    SEC. 513. PART 91 REVIEW, REFORM, AND STREAMLINING.
    (a) Establishment of Task Force.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a task 
force comprised of representatives of the general aviation industry who 
regularly perform part 91 operations, labor unions (including those 
representing FAA aviation safety inspectors and FAA aviation safety 
engineers), manufacturers, and the Government to--
        (1) conduct an assessment of the FAA oversight and 
    authorization processes and requirements for aircraft under part 
    91; and
        (2) make recommendations to streamline the applicable 
    authorization and approval processes, improve safety, and reduce 
    regulatory cost burdens and delays for the FAA and aircraft owners 
    and operators who operate pursuant to part 91.
    (b) Contents.--In conducting the assessment and making 
recommendations under subsection (a), the task force shall consider--
        (1) process reforms and improvements to allow the FAA to review 
    and approve applications in a fair and timely fashion;
        (2) the appropriateness of requiring an authorization for each 
    experimental aircraft rather than using a broader all-makes-and-
    models approach;
        (3) ways to improve the timely response to letters of 
    authorization applications for aircraft owners and operators who 
    operate pursuant to part 91, including setting deadlines and 
    granting temporary or automatic authorizations if deadlines are 
    missed by the FAA;
        (4) methods for enhancing the effective use of delegation 
    systems;
        (5) methods for training the FAA's field office employees in 
    risk-based and safety management system oversight; and
        (6) such other matters related to streamlining part 91 
    authorization and approval processes as the task force considers 
    appropriate.
    (c) Report to Congress.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
    task force's assessment.
        (2) Contents.--The report shall include an explanation of how 
    the Administrator will--
            (A) implement the recommendations of the task force;
            (B) measure progress in implementing the recommendations; 
        and
            (C) measure the effectiveness of the implemented 
        recommendations.
    (d) Implementation of Recommendations.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
implement the recommendations made under this section.
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``part 91'' means part 
91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the task 
force.
    (g) Sunset.--The task force shall terminate on the day the 
Administrator submits the report required under subsection (c).
    SEC. 514. AIRCRAFT LEASING.
    Section 44112(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``on land or water''; and
        (2) by inserting ``operational'' before ``control''.
    SEC. 515. PILOTS SHARING FLIGHT EXPENSES WITH PASSENGERS.
    (a) Guidance.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make publicly 
    available, in a clear and concise format, advisory guidance that 
    describes how a pilot may share flight expenses with passengers in 
    a manner consistent with Federal law, including regulations.
        (2) Examples included.--The guidance shall include examples 
    of--
            (A) flights for which pilots and passengers may share 
        expenses;
            (B) flights for which pilots and passengers may not share 
        expenses;
            (C) the methods of communication that pilots and passengers 
        may use to arrange flights for which expenses are shared; and
            (D) the methods of communication that pilots and passengers 
        may not use to arrange flights for which expenses are shared.
    (b) Report.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on 
    which guidance is made publicly available under subsection (a), the 
    Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report analyzing Federal 
    policy with respect to pilots sharing flight expenses with 
    passengers.
        (2) Evaluations included.--The report submitted under paragraph 
    (1) shall include an evaluation of--
            (A) the rationale for such Federal policy;
            (B) safety and other concerns related to pilots sharing 
        flight expenses with passengers; and
            (C) benefits related to pilots sharing flight expenses with 
        passengers.
    SEC. 516. TERMINAL AERODROME FORECAST.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall permit a covered air 
carrier to operate to or from a location in a noncontiguous State 
without a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast or Meteorological Aerodrome 
Report if--
        (1) such location is determined to be under visual 
    meteorological conditions;
        (2) a current Area Forecast, supplemented by other local 
    weather observations or reports, is available; and
        (3) an alternate airport that has an available Terminal 
    Aerodrome Forecast and weather report is specified.
    (b) Procedures.--A covered air carrier shall--
        (1) have approved procedures for dispatch or release and 
    enroute weather evaluation; and
        (2) operate under instrument flight rules enroute to the 
    destination.
    (c) Limitation.--Without a written finding of necessity, based on 
objective and historical evidence of imminent threat to safety, the 
Administrator shall not promulgate any operation specification, policy, 
or guidance document pursuant to this section that is more restrictive 
than, or requires procedures that are not expressly stated in, the 
regulations.
    (d) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered air carrier'' means an air carrier operating in a 
noncontiguous State under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations.
    SEC. 517. PUBLIC AIRCRAFT ELIGIBLE FOR LOGGING FLIGHT TIMES.
    The Administrator shall issue regulations modifying section 
61.51(j)(4) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, so as to include 
aircraft under the direct operational control of forestry and fire 
protection agencies as public aircraft eligible for logging flight 
times.
    SEC. 518. AIRCRAFT REGISTRY OFFICE.
    The Administrator shall designate employees at the Aircraft 
Registry Office in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, as excepted employees in 
the event of a shutdown or emergency furlough to ensure that the office 
remains open for the duration of the lapse in Federal Government 
appropriations to the Federal Aviation Administration.
    SEC. 519. FAA DATA TRANSPARENCY.
    Section 45303 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(g) Data Transparency.--
        ``(1) Air traffic services initial data report.--
            ``(A) Initial report.--Not later than 6 months after the 
        date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the 
        Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer of the Air 
        Traffic Organization shall, based upon the most recently 
        available full fiscal year data, complete the following 
        calculations for each segment of air traffic services users:
                ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use of air 
            traffic services for that segment during such fiscal year.
                ``(ii) The total revenues received from that segment 
            during such fiscal year.
            ``(B) Validation of model.--
                ``(i) Review and determination.--Not later than 3 
            months after completion of the initial report required 
            under subparagraph (A), the inspector general of the 
            Department of Transportation shall review and determine the 
            validity of the model used by the Administrator and the 
            Chief Operating Officer to complete the calculations 
            required under subparagraph (A).
                ``(ii) Validation process.--In the event that the 
            inspector general determines that the model used by the 
            Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer to complete 
            the calculations required by subparagraph (A) is not 
            valid--

                    ``(I) the inspector general shall provide the 
                Administrator and Chief Operating Officer 
                recommendations on how to revise the model;
                    ``(II) the Administrator and the Chief Operating 
                Officer shall complete the calculations required by 
                subparagraph (A) utilizing the revised model and 
                resubmit the revised initial report required under 
                subparagraph (A) to the inspector general; and
                    ``(III) not later than 3 months after completion of 
                the revised initial report required under subparagraph 
                (A), the inspector general shall review and determine 
                the validity of the revised model used by the 
                Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer to 
                complete the calculations required by subparagraph (A).

                ``(iii) Access to data.--The Administrator and the 
            Chief Operating Officer shall provide the inspector general 
            of the Department of Transportation with unfettered access 
            to all data produced by the cost accounting system operated 
            and maintained pursuant to subsection (e).
            ``(C) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after 
        completion of the review and receiving a determination that the 
        model used is valid under subparagraph (B), the Administrator 
        and the Chief Operating Officer shall submit to the Committee 
        on Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on 
        Appropriations, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the 
        House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Appropriations, 
        and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report describing 
        the results of the calculations completed under subparagraph 
        (A).
            ``(D) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after submission 
        of the report required under subparagraph (C), the 
        Administrator and Chief Operating Officer shall publish the 
        initial report, including any revision thereto if required as a 
        result of the validation process for the model.
        ``(2) Air traffic services biennial data reporting.--
            ``(A) Biennial data reporting.--Not later than March 31, 
        2019, and biennially thereafter for 8 years, the Administrator 
        and the Chief Operating Officer shall, using the validated 
        model, complete the following calculations for each segment of 
        air traffic services users for the most recent full fiscal 
        year:
                ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use of the air 
            traffic services for that segment.
                ``(ii) The total revenues received from that segment.
            ``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 15 days after 
        completing the calculations under subparagraph (A), the 
        Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer shall complete 
        and submit to the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure, the Committee on Appropriations, and the 
        Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, 
        and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the 
        Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Finance of 
        the Senate a report containing the results of such 
        calculations.
            ``(C) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after completing 
        the calculations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the 
        Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer shall publish the 
        results of such calculations.
        ``(3) Segments of air traffic services users.--
            ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, each of 
        the following shall constitute a separate segment of air 
        traffic services users:
                ``(i) Passenger air carriers conducting operations 
            under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(ii) All-cargo air carriers conducting operations 
            under part 121 of such title.
                ``(iii) Operators covered by part 125 of such title.
                ``(iv) Air carriers and operators of piston-engine 
            aircraft operating under part 135 of such title.
                ``(v) Air carriers and operators of turbine-engine 
            aircraft operating under part 135 of such title.
                ``(vi) Foreign air carriers providing passenger air 
            transportation.
                ``(vii) Foreign air carriers providing all-cargo air 
            transportation.
                ``(viii) Operators of turbine-engine aircraft operating 
            under part 91 of such title, excluding those operating 
            under subpart (K) of such part.
                ``(ix) Operators of piston-engine aircraft operating 
            under part 91 of such title, excluding those operating 
            under subpart (K) of such part.
                ``(x) Operators covered by subpart (K) of part 91 of 
            such title.
                ``(xi) Operators covered by part 133 of such title.
                ``(xii) Operators covered by part 136 of such title.
                ``(xiii) Operators covered by part 137 of such title.
                ``(xiv) Operators of public aircraft that qualify under 
            section 40125.
                ``(xv) Operators of aircraft that neither take off 
            from, nor land in, the United States.
            ``(B) Additional segments.--The Secretary may identify and 
        include additional segments of air traffic users under 
        subparagraph (A) as revenue and air traffic services cost data 
        become available for that additional segment of air traffic 
        services users.
        ``(4) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
            ``(A) Air traffic services.--The term `air traffic 
        services' means services--
                ``(i) used for the monitoring, directing, control, and 
            guidance of aircraft or flows of aircraft and for the safe 
            conduct of flight, including communications, navigation, 
            and surveillance services and provision of aeronautical 
            information; and
                ``(ii) provided directly, or contracted for, by the 
            Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(B) Air traffic services user.--The term `air traffic 
        services user' means any individual or entity using air traffic 
        services provided directly, or contracted for, by the Federal 
        Aviation Administration within United States airspace or 
        international airspace delegated to the United States.''.
    SEC. 520. INTRA-AGENCY COORDINATION.
    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall implement a policy that--
        (1) designates the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space 
    Transportation as the primary liaison between the commercial space 
    transportation industry and the Administration;
        (2) recognizes the necessity of, and set forth processes for, 
    launch license and permit holder coordination with the Air Traffic 
    Organization on matters including--
            (A) the use of air navigation facilities;
            (B) airspace safety; and
            (C) planning of commercial space launch and launch support 
        activities;
        (3) designates a single point of contact within the Air Traffic 
    Organization who is responsible for--
            (A) maintaining letters of agreement between a launch 
        license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation Administration 
        facility;
            (B) making such letters of agreement available to the 
        Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation;
            (C) ensuring that a facility that has entered into such a 
        letter of agreement is aware of and fulfills its 
        responsibilities under the letter; and
            (D) liaising between the Air Traffic Organization and the 
        Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation on 
        any matter relating to such a letter of agreement; and
        (4) requires the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space 
    Transportation to facilitate, upon the request of a launch license 
    or permit holder--
            (A) coordination between a launch license and permit holder 
        and the Air Traffic Organization; and
            (B) the negotiation of letters of agreement between a 
        launch license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation 
        Administration facility or the Air Traffic Organization.
    SEC. 521. ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FRANCHISE FUND.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this section, the inspector general of the Department of 
Transportation shall initiate an audit of the Administrative Services 
Franchise Fund of the FAA (in this section referred to as the 
``Franchise Fund'').
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the audit pursuant to subsection 
(a), the inspector general shall--
        (1) review the history, intended purpose, and objectives of the 
    Franchise Fund;
        (2) describe and assess each program, service, or activity that 
    uses the Franchise Fund, including--
            (A) the agencies or government bodies that use each 
        program, service, or activity;
            (B) the number of employees, including full-time 
        equivalents and contractors, associated with each program, 
        service, or activity;
            (C) the costs associated with the employees described in 
        subparagraph (B) and the extent to which such costs are covered 
        by Federal appropriations or Franchise Fund revenue;
            (D) the revenue, expenses, and profits or losses associated 
        with each program, service, or activity;
            (E) overhead rates associated with each program, service, 
        or activity; and
            (F) a breakdown of the revenue collected from services 
        provided to the FAA, Department of Transportation, other 
        Federal entities, and non-Federal entities;
        (3) assess the FAA's governance and oversight of the Franchise 
    Fund and the programs, service, and activities that use the 
    Franchise Fund, including the use of internal and publicly 
    available performance metrics;
        (4) evaluate the current and historical unobligated and 
    unexpended balances of the Franchise Fund; and
        (5) assess the degree to which FAA policies and controls 
    associated with the Franchise Fund conform with generally accepted 
    accounting principles, Federal policies, best practices, or other 
    guidance relating to revolving funds.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation 
of the audit described in subsection (a), the inspector general shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
results of the audit, including findings and recommendations.
    SEC. 522. AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.
    (a) Repeal.--Subsection (b) of section 211 of the FAA Modernization 
and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is repealed.
    (b) Requirement.--The Administrator shall ensure that any 
regulation issued pursuant to such subsection has no force or effect.
    SEC. 523. CONTRACT WEATHER OBSERVERS.
    Section 2306(b) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 
2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 641) is amended by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
    SEC. 524. REGIONS AND CENTERS.
    (a) In General.--Section 44507 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Regions and 
    centers'';
        (2) by striking ``The Civil Aeromedical Institute'' and 
    inserting the following:
    ``(a) Civil Aeromedical Institute.--The Civil Aeromedical 
Institute''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) William J. Hughes Technical Center.--The Secretary of 
Transportation shall define the roles and responsibilities of the 
William J. Hughes Technical Center in a manner that is consistent with 
the defined roles and responsibilities of the Civil Aeromedical 
Institute under subsection (a).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 445 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
44507 and inserting the following:

``44507. Regions and centers.''.
    SEC. 525. GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS.
    The Administrator, to the extent practicable, shall encourage the 
use of durable, resilient, and sustainable materials and practices, 
including the use of geosynthetic materials and other innovative 
technologies, in carrying out the activities of the Federal Aviation 
Administration.
    SEC. 526. NATIONAL AIRMAIL MUSEUM.
    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
        (1) in 1930, commercial airmail carriers began operations at 
    Smith Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana;
        (2) the United States lacks a national museum dedicated to 
    airmail; and
        (3) the airmail hangar at Smith Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana--
            (A) will educate the public on the role of airmail in 
        aviation history; and
            (B) honor the role of the hangar in the history of the 
        Nation's airmail service.
    (b) Designation.--
        (1) In general.--The airmail museum located at the Smith Field 
    in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is designated as the ``National Airmail 
    Museum''.
        (2) Effect of designation.--The national museum designated by 
    this section is not a unit of the National Park System and the 
    designation of the National Airmail Museum shall not require or 
    permit Federal funds to be expended for any purpose related to that 
    national memorial.
    SEC. 527. STATUS OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN FAA AND LITTLE ROCK PORT 
      AUTHORITY.
    (a) Briefing Requirement.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a briefing on the agreement between 
the FAA and the Little Rock Port Authority to relocate the Little Rock 
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range with Collocated Tactical Air 
Control and Navigation (LIT VORTAC).
    (b) Briefing Contents.--The briefing required under subsection (a) 
shall include the following:
        (1) The status of the efforts by the Federal Aviation 
    Administration to relocate the LIT VORTAC.
        (2) The long-term and short-term budget projections for the 
    relocation project.
        (3) A description of and timeline for each phase of the 
    relocation project.
        (4) A description of and explanation for the required location 
    radius.
        (5) A description of work completed by the Federal Aviation 
    Administration as of the date of the briefing.
    SEC. 528. BRIEFING ON AIRCRAFT DIVERSIONS FROM LOS ANGELES 
      INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO HAWTHORNE MUNICIPAL AIRPORT.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall provide a briefing to appropriate committees of 
Congress on diversions of aircraft from Los Angeles International 
Airport to Hawthorne Municipal Airport, also known as Jack Northrop 
Field, in the City of Hawthorne, California. This briefing shall cover 
at least the previous one-year period and include the total number of 
aircraft diversions, the average number of diversions per day, the 
types of aircraft diverted, and the reasons for the diversions.
    SEC. 529. TFR REPORT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act (except as described in subsection (d)), the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the study described in subsection (b).
    (b) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall make recommendations 
based on--
        (1) an analysis of--
            (A) the economic effects of temporary flight restrictions, 
        particularly temporary flight restrictions issued pursuant to 
        section 91.141 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, on 
        airports or aviation-related businesses located or based in an 
        area covered by the temporary flight restriction; and
            (B) potential options and recommendations for mitigating 
        identified negative economic effects on airports or aviation-
        related businesses located or based in an area frequently 
        covered by a temporary flight restriction; and
        (2) an analysis of the potential for using security procedures 
    similar to those described in the Maryland Three Program (allowing 
    properly vetted private pilots to fly to, from, or between the 
    three general aviation airports closest to the National Capital 
    Region) during temporary flight restrictions in the following 
    airports:
            (A) Solberg Airport.
            (B) Somerset Airport.
            (C) Palm Beach County Park Airport (also known as Lantana 
        Airport).
    (c) Collaboration.--In making the recommendations described in 
subsection (b), the Administrator shall consult with--
        (1) industry stakeholders; and
        (2) the head of any other agency that, in the Administrator's 
    determination, is a stakeholder agency.
    (d) Special Deadline.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of 
the portion of the study described in subsection (b)(1)(A).
    SEC. 530. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AT AVIATION EVENTS.
    (a) Requirement to Provide Services and Related Support.--The 
Administrator shall provide air traffic services and aviation safety 
support for large, multiday aviation events, including airshows and 
fly-ins, where the average daily number of manned operations were 1,000 
or greater in at least one of the preceding two years, without the 
imposition or collection of any fee, tax, or other charge for that 
purpose. Amounts for the provision of such services and support shall 
be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise available for the 
Administration.
    (b) Determination of Services and Support to Be Provided.--In 
determining the services and support to be provided for an aviation 
event for purposes of subsection (a), the Administrator shall take into 
account the following:
        (1) The services and support required to meet levels of 
    activity at prior events, if any, similar to the event.
        (2) The anticipated need for services and support at the event.
    SEC. 531. APPLICATION OF VETERANS' PREFERENCE TO FEDERAL AVIATION 
      ADMINISTRATION PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
    Section 40122(g)(2)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) by inserting ``3304(f), to the extent consistent with the 
    Federal Aviation Administration's status as an excepted service 
    agency,'' before ``3308-3320''; and
        (2) by inserting ``3330a, 3330b, 3330c, and 3330d,'' before 
    ``relating''.
    SEC. 532. CLARIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVING HISTORY FLIGHTS.
    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other law or regulation, in 
administering sections 61.113(c), 91.9, 91.315, 91.319(a)(1), 
91.319(a)(2), 119.5(g), and 119.21(a) of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any successor regulations), the Administrator shall 
allow an aircraft owner or operator to accept monetary or in-kind 
donations for a flight operated by a living history flight experience 
provider, if the aircraft owner or operator has--
        (1) volunteered to provide such transportation; and
        (2) notified any individual that will be on the flight, at the 
    time of inquiry about the flight, that the flight operation is for 
    charitable purposes and is not subject to the same requirements as 
    a commercial flight.
    (b) Conditions To Ensure Public Safety.--The Administrator, 
consistent with current standards of the Administration for such 
operations, shall impose minimum standards with respect to training and 
flight hours for operations conducted by an owner or operator of an 
aircraft providing living history flight experience operations, 
including mandating that the pilot in command of such aircraft hold a 
commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating and be current and 
qualified with respect to all ratings or authorizations applicable to 
the specific aircraft being flown to ensure the safety of flight 
operations described in subsection (a).
    (c) Living History Flight Experience Provider Defined.--In this 
section, the term ``living history flight experience provider'' means 
an aircraft owner, aircraft operator, or organization that provides, 
arranges, or otherwise fosters living history flight experiences for 
the purpose of fulfilling its mission.
    SEC. 533. REVIEW AND REFORM OF FAA PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
    (a) Establishment of Advisory Panel.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall establish an advisory panel comprising no more than 7 
independent, nongovernmental experts in budget, finance, or personnel 
management to review and evaluate the effectiveness of the FAA's 
personnel management system and performance management program for 
employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements.
    (b) Review, Evaluation, and Recommendations.--The advisory panel 
shall, at a minimum--
        (1) review all appropriate FAA orders, policies, procedures, 
    guidance, and the Human Resources Policy Manual;
        (2) review any applicable reports regarding FAA's personnel 
    management system, including reports of the Department of 
    Transportation Office of Inspector General, Government 
    Accountability Office, and National Academy of Public 
    Administration, and determine the status of recommendations made in 
    those reports;
        (3) review the personnel management system of any other agency 
    or governmental entity with a similar system to the FAA for best 
    practices with regard to personnel management;
        (4) assess the unique personnel authorities granted to the FAA, 
    determine whether the FAA has taken full advantage of those 
    authorities, and identify those authorities the FAA has not fully 
    taken advantage of;
        (5) review and determine the overall effectiveness of the FAA's 
    compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and evaluation 
    processes for employees not covered by collective bargaining 
    agreements;
        (6) review whether existing performance metrics and bonus pay 
    practices align with the FAA's mission and significantly improve 
    the FAA's provision of air traffic services, implementation of air 
    traffic control modernization initiatives, and accomplishment of 
    other FAA operational objectives;
        (7) identify the highest, lowest, and average complete 
    compensation for each position of employees not covered by 
    collective bargaining agreements;
        (8) survey interested parties and stakeholders, including 
    representatives of the aviation industry, for their views and 
    recommendations regarding improvements to the FAA's personnel 
    management system and performance management program;
        (9) develop recommendations to address the findings of the work 
    done pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (7), and to address views 
    and recommendations raised by interested parties pursuant to 
    paragraph (8); and
        (10) develop recommendations to improve the FAA's personnel 
    management system and performance management program, including the 
    compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and evaluation 
    processes, for employees not covered by collective bargaining 
    agreements.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating the review and 
evaluation pursuant to subsection (a), the advisory panel shall submit 
a report on the results of the review and evaluation and its 
recommendations to the Secretary, the Administrator, the appropriate 
committees of Congress.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 months after submittal of 
the report pursuant to subsection (c), the Administrator shall transmit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report summarizing the 
findings of the advisory panel that--
        (1) contains an explanation of how the Administrator will 
    implement the recommendations of the advisory panel and measure the 
    effectiveness of the recommendations; and
        (2) specifies any recommendations that the Administrator will 
    not implement and the reasons for not implementing such 
    recommendations.
    (e) Sunset.--The advisory panel shall terminate on the date that is 
60 days after the transmittal of the report pursuant to subsection (d).
    SEC. 534. NEXTGEN DELIVERY STUDY.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this 
Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall 
initiate a study of the potential impacts of a significantly delayed, 
significantly diminished, or completely failed delivery of the Next 
Generation Air Transportation System modernization initiative by the 
Federal Aviation Administration, including impacts to the air traffic 
control system and the national airspace system as a whole.
    (b) Scope of Study.--In carrying out the study under subsection 
(a), the inspector general shall assess the Administration's 
performance related to the NextGen modernization initiative, 
including--
        (1) the potential impacts on the operational efficiency of our 
    aviation system;
        (2) an analysis of potential economic losses and stranded 
    investments directly related to NextGen;
        (3) an analysis of the potential impacts to our international 
    competitiveness in aviation innovation;
        (4) an analysis of the main differences that would be seen in 
    our air traffic control system;
        (5) the potential impacts on the flying public, including 
    potential impacts to flight times, fares, and delays in the air and 
    on the ground;
        (6) the effects on supply chains reliant on air transportation 
    of cargo;
        (7) the potential impacts on the long-term benefits promised by 
    NextGen;
        (8) an analysis of the potential impacts on aircraft noise and 
    flight paths;
        (9) the potential changes in separation standards, fuel 
    consumption, flight paths, block times, and landing procedures or 
    lack thereof;
        (10) the potential impacts on aircraft taxi times and aircraft 
    emissions or lack thereof;
        (11) a determination of the total potential costs and 
    logistical challenges of the failure of NextGen, including a 
    comparison of the potential loss of the return on public and 
    private sector investment related to NextGen, as compared to other 
    available investment alternatives, between December 12, 2003, and 
    the date of enactment of this Act; and
        (12) other matters arising in the course of the study.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of 
the study under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
study.
    SEC. 535. STUDY ON ALLERGIC REACTIONS.
    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall--
        (1) study the prevalence of allergic reactions on board 
    flights, whether airlines universally report reactions to the 
    Federal Aviation Administration, and the frequency of first aid 
    inventory checks to ensure medicine to prevent anaphylactic shock 
    is in an aircraft; and
        (2) submit a report to the Committees on Transportation and 
    Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Appropriations of the 
    House of Representatives and the Committees on Commerce, Science, 
    and Transportation, Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and 
    Appropriations of the Senate.
    SEC. 536. OXYGEN MASK DESIGN STUDY.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall conduct a study to review and evaluate the 
design and effectiveness of commercial aircraft oxygen masks. In 
conducting the study, the Administrator shall determine whether the 
current design of oxygen masks is adequate, and whether changes to the 
design could increase correct passenger usage of the masks.
    SEC. 537. AIR CARGO STUDY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall begin a study of international air cargo services among the 
United States and Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin 
countries, that--
        (1) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo 
    transportation services among the United States and Central 
    American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries;
        (2) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo 
    transportation services between--
            (A) the United States, Central American, South American, 
        and Caribbean Basin countries; and
            (B) African and European countries;
        (3) identifies the busiest routes in terms of cargo capacity 
    and frequency of air service;
        (4) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs in 
    Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries at 
    which a significant amount of air cargo is sorted, handled, or 
    consolidated for transportation to or from the United States;
        (5) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs in 
    the United States at which a significant amount of air cargo is 
    sorted, handled, or consolidated for transportation to or from 
    Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries.
        (6) identifies any significant gaps in the air cargo services 
    or cargo air carrier networks--
            (A) among the countries described in paragraph (2)(A);
            (B) between such countries and African countries; and
            (C) between such countries and European countries; and
        (7) assesses the possible impact of the establishment of an air 
    carrier hub in Puerto Rico at which air cargo is sorted, handled, 
    or consolidated for transportation to or from the United States, 
    including the impact on--
            (A) the employment rate and economy of Puerto Rico;
            (B) domestic and foreign air transportation of cargo;
            (C) United States competitiveness in the air transportation 
        of cargo;
            (D) air cargo operations at other airports in the United 
        States; and
            (E) domestic air carrier employment.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study described 
in subsection (a).
    (c) Definition.--In this section, the term ``Caribbean Basin 
countries'' has the same meaning given the term ``Caribbean Basin 
country'' in section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737).
    SEC. 538. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PREVENTING THE TRANSPORTATION OF 
      DISEASE-CARRYING MOSQUITOES AND OTHER INSECTS ON COMMERCIAL 
      AIRCRAFT.
    It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Transportation 
and the Secretary of Agriculture should, in coordination and 
consultation with the World Health Organization, develop a framework 
and guidance for the use of safe, effective, and nontoxic means of 
preventing the transportation of disease-carrying mosquitoes and other 
insects on commercial aircraft.
    SEC. 539. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.
    (a) Airport Capacity Enhancement Projects at Congested Airports.--
Section 40104(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``section 47176'' and inserting ``section 47175''.
    (b) Passenger Facility Charges.--Section 40117(a)(5) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``charge or charge'' and 
inserting ``charge''.
    (c) Overflights of National Parks.--Section 40128(a)(3) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``under part 91 of the 
title 14,'' and inserting ``under part 91 of title 14,''.
    (d) Plans To Address Needs of Families of Passengers Involved in 
Foreign Air Carrier Accidents.--Section 41313(c)(16) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``An assurance that the 
foreign air carrier'' and inserting ``An assurance that''.
    (e) Operations of Carriers.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to 
section 41718 and inserting the following:

``41718. Special rules for Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.''.

    (f) Schedules for Certain Transportation of Mail.--Section 41902(a) 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 
41906'' and inserting ``section 41905''.
    (g) Weighing Mail.--Section 41907 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ``and'' and all that follows through 
``administrative'' and inserting ``and administrative''.
    (h) Structures Interfering With Air Commerce or National 
Security.--Section 44718(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking ``air 
    navigation facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``air or space 
    navigation facilities and equipment''; and
        (2) in subparagraph (A)--
            (A) in clause (v) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (B) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
            (C) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                ``(vi) the impact on launch and reentry for launch and 
            reentry vehicles arriving or departing from a launch site 
            or reentry site licensed by the Secretary of 
            Transportation; and''.
    (i) Flight Attendant Certification.--Section 44728 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``chapter'' and inserting 
    ``title''; and
        (2) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``is'' and inserting 
    ``be''.
    (j) Fees Involving Aircraft Not Providing Air Transportation.--
Section 45302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
``44703(f)(2)'' each place it appears and inserting ``44703(g)(2)''.
    (k) Schedule of Fees.--Section 45301(a)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``United States government'' and 
inserting ``United States Government''.
    (l) Classified Evidence.--Section 46111(g)(2)(A) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``(18 U.S.C. App.)'' and 
inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''.
    (m) Chapter 465.--The analysis for chapter 465 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the following item:

``46503. Repealed.''.

    (n) Allowable Cost Standards.--Section 47110(b)(2) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``compatability'' and 
    inserting ``compatibility''; and
        (2) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking ``climactic'' and 
    inserting ``climatic''.
    (o) Definition of Qualified HUBZone Small Business Concern.--
Section 47113(a)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``(15 U.S.C. 632(o))'' and inserting ``(15 U.S.C. 632(p))''.
    (p) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(B) is 
amended by striking ``at least'' and inserting ``At least''.
    (q) Solicitation and Consideration of Comments.--Section 47171(l) 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``4371'' and 
inserting ``4321''.
    (r) Operations and Maintenance.--Section 48104 is amended by 
striking ``(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--the'' and inserting 
``The''.
    (s) Adjustments to Compensation for Significantly Increased 
Costs.--Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 is 
amended--
        (1) in subsection (a) (49 U.S.C. 41737 note) by striking 
    ``Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
        (2) in subsection (c) (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) by striking ``the 
    Secretary may waive'' and inserting ``the Secretary of 
    Transportation may waive''.
    (t) Aircraft Departure Queue Management Pilot Program.--Section 
507(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44505 
note) is amended by striking ``section 48101(a)'' and inserting 
``section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code,''.
    SEC. 540. REPORT ON ILLEGAL CHARTER FLIGHTS.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress an analysis of reports filed during the 10-year 
period preceding such date of enactment through the illegal charter 
hotline of the FAA and other sources that includes--
        (1) what followup action the Department of Transportation or 
    the Administration takes when a report of illegal charter 
    operations is received;
        (2) how the Department of Transportation or the Administration 
    decides to allocate resources;
        (3) challenges the Department of Transportation or the 
    Administration face in identifying illegal operators; and
        (4) recommendations for improving the efforts of the Department 
    of Transportation or the Administration to combat illegal charter 
    carrier operations.
    SEC. 541. USE OF NASA'S SUPER GUPPY AIRCRAFT FOR COMMERCIAL 
      TRANSPORT.
    Notwithstanding section 40125 of title 49, United States Code, the 
Aero Spacelines Super Guppy Turbine B-377-SGT aircraft, serial number 
0004, may be used to provide the transport, for compensation or hire, 
of oversized space launch vehicle components or oversized spacecraft 
components while continuing to qualify as a public aircraft operation 
pursuant to section 40102(a)(41)(A) of title 49, United States Code, 
if--
        (1) the aircraft is owned and operated by the National 
    Aeronautics and Space Administration;
        (2) commercial operation is limited to operations conducted 
    wholly in United States airspace; and
        (3) no commercially available domestic air transport 
    alternative exists.
    SEC. 542. PROHIBITED AIRSPACE ASSESSMENT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with 
appropriate Federal agencies, shall conduct an assessment on the 
security of United States prohibited airspace designated by the Federal 
Aviation Administration, with a focus on permanent prohibited airspace 
(in this section referred to as ``United States prohibited airspace'').
    (b) Minimum Components.--The assessment developed under subsection 
(a) shall be unclassified but may contain a classified annex. It shall, 
at a minimum, include--
        (1) a summary of the number and types of violations of United 
    States prohibited airspace and historical trends of such numbers 
    and types;
        (2) an assessment of the processes used to establish United 
    States prohibited airspace;
        (3) an assessment of manned and unmanned aircraft, current and 
    future, with the ability to penetrate United States prohibited 
    airspace undetected;
        (4) an assessment of the current and future capabilities of the 
    United States to mitigate threats to United States prohibited 
    airspace;
        (5) recommendations on how to improve security of United States 
    prohibited airspace; and
        (6) a process to modify section 99.7 of title 14, Code of 
    Federal Regulations, to expand the Administrator's authority to 
    establish temporary flight restrictions in cooperation with State 
    and local law enforcement agencies, or as required for purposes of 
    national security, homeland security, or law enforcement support.
    SEC. 543. REPORT ON MULTIAGENCY USE OF AIRSPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL 
      REVIEW.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the covered committees of 
Congress a report documenting efforts made toward improving processes 
to resolve persistent challenges for special use airspace requests in 
support of, or associated with, short notice testing requirements at 
Major Range and Test Facility Bases, including the establishment of 
temporary military operations areas used for conducting short-term, 
scheduled exercises.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following elements:
        (1) Analysis of previous efforts to streamline internal 
    processes associated with the designation of temporary military 
    operations areas at Major Range and Test Facility Bases and the use 
    of such areas for scheduled exercises.
        (2) Analysis of progress made to ensure consistency of 
    environmental review, including impact analysis, associated 
    environmental studies, or consultation, while complying with the 
    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) 
    and other environmental requirements.
        (3) Identification of challenges, if any, in complying with the 
    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
        (4) A description of airspace requirements, current test and 
    training needs statements completed during the 10-year period 
    preceding the report, and future 5-year requirements, including all 
    temporary military operating areas, special use airspaces, 
    instrument routes, visual routes, and unfulfilled user 
    requirements.
        (5) Proposed options and solutions to overcome identified 
    challenges, if any, including identifying whether--
            (A) a solution or solutions can be incorporated within the 
        existing Federal Aviation Administration and Department of 
        Defense Memorandum of Understanding; or
            (B) changes to current law are required.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Covered committees of congress.--The term ``covered 
    committees of Congress'' means--
            (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and
            (B) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and 
        the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives.
        (2) Major range and test facility base.--The term ``Major Range 
    and Test Facility Base'' has the meaning given the term in section 
    196(i) of title 10, United States Code.
        (3) Special use airspace.--The term ``special use airspace'' 
    means certain designations of airspace designated by the Federal 
    Aviation Administration, as administered by the Secretary of 
    Defense.
    SEC. 544. AGENCY PROCUREMENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
    Section 40110(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) Annual report on the purchase of foreign manufactured 
    articles.--
            ``(A) Report.--(i) Not later than 90 days after the end of 
        the fiscal year, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit a 
        report to Congress on the dollar amount of acquisitions subject 
        to the Buy American Act made by the agency from entities that 
        manufacture the articles, materials, or supplies outside of the 
        United States in such fiscal year.
            ``(ii) The report required by clause (i) shall only include 
        acquisitions with total value exceeding the micro-purchase 
        level.
            ``(B) Contents.--The report required by subparagraph (A) 
        shall separately indicate--
                ``(i) the dollar value of any articles, materials, or 
            supplies purchased that were manufactured outside of the 
            United States; and
                ``(ii) a summary of the total procurement funds spent 
            on goods manufactured in the United States versus funds 
            spent on goods manufactured outside of the United States.
            ``(C) Availability of report.--The Secretary shall make the 
        report under subparagraph (A) publicly available on the 
        agency's website not later than 30 days after submission to 
        Congress.''.
    SEC. 545. FAA ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM.
    (a) Chief Technology Officer.--Section 106(s) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(s) Chief Technology Officer.--
        ``(1) In general.--
            ``(A) Appointment.--There shall be a Chief Technology 
        Officer appointed by the Chief Operating Officer. The Chief 
        Technology Officer shall report directly to the Chief Operating 
        Officer.
            ``(B) Minimum qualifications.--The Chief Technology Officer 
        shall have--
                ``(i) at least 10 years experience in engineering 
            management or another relevant technical management field; 
            and
                ``(ii) knowledge of or experience in the aviation 
            industry.
            ``(C) Removal.--The Chief Technology Officer shall serve at 
        the pleasure of the Administrator.
            ``(D) Restriction.--The Chief Technology Officer may not 
        also be the Deputy Administrator.
        ``(2) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the Chief 
    Technology Officer shall include--
            ``(A) ensuring the proper operation, maintenance, and 
        cybersecurity of technology systems relating to the air traffic 
        control system across all program offices of the 
        Administration;
            ``(B) coordinating the implementation, operation, 
        maintenance, and cybersecurity of technology programs relating 
        to the air traffic control system with the aerospace industry 
        and other Federal agencies;
            ``(C) reviewing and providing advice to the Secretary, the 
        Administrator, and the Chief Operating Officer on the 
        Administration's budget, cost-accounting system, and benefit-
        cost analyses with respect to technology programs relating to 
        the air traffic control system;
            ``(D) consulting with the Administrator on the Capital 
        Investment Plan of the Administration prior to its submission 
        to Congress;
            ``(E) developing an annual air traffic control system 
        technology operation and maintenance plan that is consistent 
        with the annual performance targets established under paragraph 
        (4); and
            ``(F) ensuring that the air traffic control system 
        architecture remains, to the maximum extent practicable, 
        flexible enough to incorporate future technological advances 
        developed and directly procured by aircraft operators.
        ``(3) Compensation.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Chief Technology Officer shall be 
        paid at an annual rate of basic pay to be determined by the 
        Administrator, in consultation with the Chief Operating 
        Officer. The annual rate may not exceed the annual compensation 
        paid under section 102 of title 3. The Chief Technology Officer 
        shall be subject to the postemployment provisions of section 
        207 of title 18 as if the position of Chief Technology Officer 
        were described in section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of that title.
            ``(B) Bonus.--In addition to the annual rate of basic pay 
        authorized by subparagraph (A), the Chief Technology Officer 
        may receive a bonus for any calendar year not to exceed 30 
        percent of the annual rate of basic pay, based upon the 
        Administrator's evaluation of the Chief Technology Officer's 
        performance in relation to the performance targets established 
        under paragraph (4).
        ``(4) Annual performance targets.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Administrator and the Chief 
        Operating Officer, in consultation with the Chief Technology 
        Officer, shall establish measurable annual performance targets 
        for the Chief Technology Officer in key operational areas.
            ``(B) Report.--The Administrator shall transmit to the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate a report describing the annual 
        performance targets established under subparagraph (A).
        ``(5) Annual performance report.--The Chief Technology Officer 
    shall prepare and transmit to the Secretary of Transportation, the 
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
    Transportation of the Senate an annual report containing--
            ``(A) detailed descriptions and metrics of how successful 
        the Chief Technology Officer was in meeting the annual 
        performance targets established under paragraph (4); and
            ``(B) other information as may be requested by the 
        Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Section 709(a)(3)(L) of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation 
    Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking 
    ``Chief NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Technology 
    Officer''.
        (2) Section 804(a)(4)(A) of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
    Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended by striking ``Chief 
    NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Technology Officer''.
    SEC. 546. FAA CIVIL AVIATION REGISTRY UPGRADE.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall complete covered upgrades of the Administration's Civil Aviation 
Registry (in this section referred to as the ``Registry'').
    (b) Covered Upgrade Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
upgrades'' means--
        (1) the digitization of nondigital Registry information, 
    including paper documents, microfilm images, and photographs, from 
    an analog or nondigital format to a digital format;
        (2) the digitalization of Registry manual and paper-based 
    processes, business operations, and functions by leveraging digital 
    technologies and a broader use of digitized data;
        (3) the implementation of systems allowing a member of the 
    public to submit any information or form to the Registry and 
    conduct any transaction with the Registry by electronic or other 
    remote means; and
        (4) allowing more efficient, broader, and remote access to the 
    Registry.
    (c) Applicability.--The requirements of subsection (a) shall apply 
to the entire Civil Aviation Registry, including the Aircraft 
Registration Branch and the Airmen Certification Branch.
    (d) Manual Surcharge.--Chapter 453 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 45306. Manual surcharge
    ``(a) In General.--Not later 3 years after the date of enactment of 
the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator shall impose and 
collect a surcharge on a Civil Aviation Registry transaction that--
        ``(1) is conducted in person at the Civil Aviation Registry;
        ``(2) could be conducted, as determined by the Administrator, 
    with the same or greater level of efficiency by electronic or other 
    remote means; and
        ``(3) is not related to research or other non-commercial 
    activities.
    ``(b) Maximum Surcharge.--A surcharge imposed and collected under 
subsection (a) shall not exceed twice the maximum fee the Administrator 
is authorized to charge for the registration of an aircraft, not used 
to provide air transportation, after the transfer of ownership under 
section 45302(b)(2).
    ``(c) Credit to Account and Availability.--Monies collected from a 
surcharge imposed under subsection (a) shall be treated as monies 
collected under section 45302 and subject to the terms and conditions 
set forth in section 45302(d).''.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after date of enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter until the covered upgrades required under 
subsection (a) are complete, the Administrator shall submit a report to 
the appropriate committees of Congress describing--
        (1) the schedule for the covered upgrades to the Registry;
        (2) the office responsible for the implementation of the such 
    covered upgrades;
        (3) the metrics being used to measure progress in implementing 
    the covered upgrades; and
        (4) the status of the covered upgrades as of the date of the 
    report.
    SEC. 547. ENHANCED AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot 
program to provide air traffic control services on a preferential basis 
to aircraft equipped with certain NextGen avionics that--
        (1) lasts at least 2 years; and
        (2) operates in at least 3 suitable airports.
    (b) Duration of Daily Service.--The air traffic control services 
provided under the pilot program established under subsection (a) shall 
occur for at least 3 consecutive hours between 0600 and 2200 local time 
during each day of the pilot program.
    (c) Airport Selection.--The Administrator shall designate airports 
for participation in the pilot program after consultation with aircraft 
operators, manufacturers, and airport sponsors.
    (d) Definitions.--
        (1) Certain nextgen avionics.--The term ``certain NextGen 
    avionics'' means those avionics and related software designated by 
    the Administrator after consultations with aircraft operators and 
    manufacturers.
        (2) Preferential basis.--The term ``preferential basis'' 
    means--
            (A) prioritizing aircraft equipped with certain NextGen 
        avionics during a Ground Delay Program by assigning them fewer 
        minutes of delay relative to other aircraft based upon 
        principles established after consultation with aircraft 
        operators and manufacturers; or
            (B) sequencing aircraft equipped with certain NextGen 
        avionics ahead of other aircraft in the Traffic Flow Management 
        System to the maximum extent consistent with safety.
    (e) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) 
shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (f) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the 
pilot program terminates, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the pilot 
program.
    SEC. 548. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AVIATION.
    It is the sense of Congress that the Administration should, in 
consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and industry 
stakeholders, periodically review the use or proposed use of artificial 
intelligence technologies within the aviation system and assess whether 
the Administration needs a plan regarding artificial intelligence 
standards and best practices to carry out its mission.
    SEC. 549. STUDY ON CYBERSECURITY WORKFORCE OF FAA.
    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into an agreement with the 
National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on the cybersecurity 
workforce of the Administration in order to develop recommendations to 
increase the size, quality, and diversity of such workforce, including 
cybersecurity researchers and specialists.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the 
completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of such study.
    SEC. 550. TREATMENT OF MULTIYEAR LESSEES OF LARGE AND TURBINE-
      POWERED MULTIENGINE AIRCRAFT.
    The Secretary of Transportation shall revise such regulations as 
may be necessary to ensure that multiyear lessees and owners of large 
and turbine-powered multiengine aircraft are treated equally for 
purposes of joint ownership policies of the FAA.
    SEC. 551. EMPLOYEE ASSAULT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, each air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, 
Code of Federal Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part 
121 air carrier''), shall submit to the Administrator for review and 
acceptance an Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plan related to 
the customer service agents of the air carrier and that is developed in 
consultation with the labor union representing such agents.
    (b) Contents of Plan.--An Employee Assault Prevention and Response 
Plan submitted under subsection (a) shall include the following:
        (1) Reporting protocols for air carrier customer service agents 
    who have been the victim of a verbal or physical assault.
        (2) Protocols for the immediate notification of law enforcement 
    after an incident of verbal or physical assault committed against 
    an air carrier customer service agent.
        (3) Protocols for informing Federal law enforcement with 
    respect to violations of section 46503 of title 49, United States 
    Code.
        (4) Protocols for ensuring that a passenger involved in a 
    violent incident with a customer service agent of an air carrier is 
    not allowed to move through airport security or board an aircraft 
    until appropriate law enforcement has had an opportunity to assess 
    the incident and take appropriate action.
        (5) Protocols for air carriers to inform passengers of Federal 
    laws protecting Federal, airport, and air carrier employees who 
    have security duties within an airport.
    (c) Employee Training.--A part 121 air carrier shall conduct 
initial and recurrent training for all employees, including management, 
of the air carrier with respect to the plan required under subsection 
(a), which shall include training on de-escalating hostile situations, 
written protocols on dealing with hostile situations, and the reporting 
of relevant incidents.
    (d) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) complete a study of crimes of violence (as defined in 
    section 16 of title 18, United States Code) committed against 
    airline customer service representatives while they are performing 
    their duties and on airport property; and
        (2) submit the findings of the study, including any 
    recommendations, to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (e) Gap Analysis.--The study required under subsection (d) shall 
include a gap analysis to determine if State and local laws and 
resources are adequate to deter or otherwise address the crimes of 
violence described in subsection (a) and recommendations on how to 
address any identified gaps.
    SEC. 552. STUDY ON TRAINING OF CUSTOMER-FACING AIR CARRIER 
      EMPLOYEES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study on 
the training received by customer-facing employees of air carriers.
    (b) Contents.--The study shall include--
        (1) an analysis of the training received by customer-facing 
    employees with respect to the management of disputes on aircraft;
        (2) an examination of how institutions of higher learning, in 
    coordination with air carriers, customer-facing employees and their 
    representatives, consumer advocacy organizations, and other 
    stakeholders, could--
            (A) review such training and related practices;
            (B) produce recommendations; and
            (C) if determined appropriate, provide supplemental 
        training; and
        (3) the effectiveness of air carriers' Employee Assault 
    Prevention and Response Plans required under section 551.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the study.
    SEC. 553. AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEMS POLICY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
        (1) update automated weather observing systems standards to 
    maximize the use of new technologies that promote the reduction of 
    equipment or maintenance cost for non-Federal automated weather 
    observing systems, including the use of remote monitoring and 
    maintenance, unless demonstrated to be ineffective;
        (2) review, and if necessary update, existing policies in 
    accordance with the standards developed under paragraph (1); and
        (3) establish a process under which appropriate onsite airport 
    personnel or an aviation official may, with appropriate 
    manufacturer training or alternative training as determined by the 
    Administrator, be permitted to conduct the minimum triannual 
    preventative maintenance checks under the advisory circular for 
    non-Federal automated weather observing systems (AC 150/5220-16E) 
    and any other similar, successor checks.
    (b) Permission.--Permission to conduct the minimum triannual 
preventative maintenance checks described under subsection (a)(3) and 
any similar, successor checks shall not be withheld but for specific 
cause.
    (c) Standards.--In updating the standards under subsection (a)(1), 
the Administrator shall--
        (1) ensure the standards are performance-based;
        (2) use risk analysis to determine the accuracy of the 
    automated weather observing systems outputs required for pilots to 
    perform safe aircraft operations; and
        (3) provide a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether the 
    benefits outweigh the cost for any requirement not directly related 
    to safety.
    (d) AIP Eligibility of AWOS Equipment.--
        (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other law, the 
    Administrator is authorized to and shall waive any positive 
    benefit-cost ratio requirement for automated weather-observing 
    system equipment under subchapter I of chapter 471, of title 49, 
    United States Code, if--
            (A) the airport sponsor or State, as applicable, certifies 
        that a grant for such automated weather observing systems 
        equipment under that chapter will assist an applicable airport 
        to respond to regional emergency needs, including medical, 
        firefighting, and search and rescue needs;
            (B) the Secretary determines, after consultation with the 
        airport sponsor or State, as applicable, that the placement of 
        automated weather-observing equipment at the airport will not 
        cause unacceptable radio frequency congestion; and
            (C) the other requirements under that chapter are met.
        (2) Applicability to low population density states.--This 
    subsection is applicable only to airports located in states with a 
    population density, based on the most recent decennial census, of 
    50 or fewer persons per square mile.
    (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2025, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
implementation of the requirements under this section.
    SEC. 554. PRIORITIZING AND SUPPORTING THE HUMAN INTERVENTION 
      MOTIVATION STUDY (HIMS) PROGRAM AND THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT DRUG AND 
      ALCOHOL PROGRAM (FADAP).
    (a) In General.--The Administration shall continue to prioritize 
and support the Human Intervention Motivation Study (HIMS) program for 
flight crewmembers and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program 
(FADAP) for flight attendants.
    (b) Study and Recommendations.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter 
    into an agreement with the Transportation Research Board (in this 
    subsection referred to as the ``Board'') under which the Board 
    shall--
            (A) conduct a study on the Human Intervention Motivation 
        Study (HIMS) program, the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol 
        Program (FADAP), and any other drug and alcohol programs within 
        the other modal administrations within the Department of 
        Transportation;
            (B) to the extent justified by the findings from the study 
        described in subparagraph (A), make recommendations to the 
        Federal Aviation Administration and other administrations 
        within the Department of Transportation on how to implement 
        programs, or changes to existing programs, that seek to help 
        transportation workers get treatment for drug and alcohol abuse 
        and return to work; and
            (C) upon the completion of the study described in 
        subparagraph (A), submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a report on such study, including the Board's 
        findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
        (2) Requirement.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), 
    the Board shall identify--
            (A) best policies and practices within existing programs; 
        and
            (B) best prevention, early intervention, and return to work 
        practices specifically around prescription medication abuse, 
        with a special emphasis on employee use of opioids.
    SEC. 555. COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT RENTAL.
    (a) Agency Analysis of Equipment Acquisition.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided for under subsection (d), 
    the head of each executive agency shall acquire equipment using the 
    method of acquisition most advantageous to the Federal Government 
    based on a case-by-case analysis of comparative costs and other 
    factors, including those factors listed in section 7.401 of the 
    Federal Acquisition Regulation.
        (2) Methods of acquisition.--The methods of acquisition to be 
    compared in the analysis under paragraph (1) shall include, at a 
    minimum, purchase, short-term rental or lease, long-term rental or 
    lease, interagency acquisition, and acquisition agreements with a 
    State or a local government as described in subsection (c).
        (3) Amendment of federal acquisition regulation.--Not later 
    than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
    Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council shall amend the Federal 
    Acquisition Regulation to implement the requirement of this 
    subsection, including a determination of the factors for executive 
    agencies to consider for purposes of performing the analysis under 
    paragraph (1).
        (4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
    construed to affect the requirements of chapter 37 of title 41, 
    United States Code, section 2305 of title 10, United States Code, 
    or section 1535 of title 31, United States Code.
    (b) Date of Implementation.--The analysis described in subsection 
(a) shall be applied to contracts for the acquisition of equipment 
entered into on or after the date that the Federal Acquisition 
Regulation is amended pursuant to paragraph (3) of such subsection.
    (c) Acquisition Agreements With States or Local Governments.--
        (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
    including chapter 37 of title 41, United States Code, the Small 
    Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.), and section 2305 of title 10, 
    United States Code, the head of an executive agency may enter into 
    an acquisition agreement authorized by this section directly with a 
    State or a local government if the agency head determines that the 
    agreement otherwise satisfies the requirements of subsection 
    (a)(1).
        (2) Terms and conditions.--Any agreement under paragraph (1) 
    shall contain such terms and conditions as the head of the agency 
    deems necessary or appropriate to protect the interests of the 
    United States.
    (d) Exceptions.--The analysis otherwise required under subsection 
(a) is not required--
        (1) when the President has issued an emergency declaration or a 
    major disaster declaration pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et 
    seq.);
        (2) in other emergency situations if the agency head makes a 
    determination that obtaining such equipment is necessary in order 
    to protect human life or property; or
        (3) when otherwise authorized by law.
    (e) Study of Agency Analyses.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a comprehensive report 
on the decisions made by the executive agencies with the highest levels 
of acquisition spending, and a sample of executive agencies with lower 
levels of acquisition spending, to acquire high-value equipment by 
lease, rental, or purchase pursuant to subpart 7.4 of the Federal 
Acquisition Regulation.
    (f) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has the 
    meaning given that term in section 102 of title 40, United States 
    Code.
        (2) Interagency acquisition.--The term ``interagency 
    acquisition'' has the meaning given that term in section 2.101 of 
    the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
        (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the term 
    in section 6501 of title 31, United States Code.
        (4) Local government.--The term ``local government'' means any 
    unit of local government within a State, including a county, 
    municipality, city, borough, town, township, parish, local public 
    authority, school district, special district, intrastate district, 
    council of governments, or regional or interstate government 
    entity, and any agency or instrumentality of a local government.
    SEC. 556. AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking to 
increase the duration of aircraft registrations for noncommercial 
general aviation aircraft to 7 years.
    (b) Considerations.--In promulgating the notice of proposed 
rulemaking described in subsection (a), the Administrator may consider 
any events, circumstances, changes in any ownership entity or 
structure, or other condition that would necessitate renewal prior to 
the expiration of an aircraft registration.
    SEC. 557. REQUIREMENT TO CONSULT WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN DEFINING 
      SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE FLIGHT SERVICE PROGRAM.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall consult with stakeholders in defining the scope 
and requirements for any new Future Flight Service Program of the 
Administration to be used in a competitive source selection for the 
next flight service contract with the Administration.
    SEC. 558. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND 
      TARGETS.
    (a) Performance Measures.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
establish performance measures relating to the management of the 
Administration, which shall, at a minimum, include measures to assess--
        (1) the timely and cost-effective completion of projects; and
        (2) the effectiveness of the Administration in achieving the 
    goals described in section 47171 of title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Performance Targets.--Not later than 180 days after the date on 
which the Secretary establishes performance measures in accordance with 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish performance targets 
relating to each of the measures described in that subsection.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
describing the progress of the Secretary in meeting the performance 
targets established under subsection (b).
    SEC. 559. REPORT ON PLANS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES IN THE 
      NEW YORK CITY AND NEWARK REGION.
    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the Administration's staffing and scheduling plans for air 
traffic control facilities in the New York City and Newark region for 
the 1-year period beginning on such date of enactment.
    SEC. 560. WORK PLAN FOR THE NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY/PHILADELPHIA 
      METROPOLITAN AREA AIRSPACE PROJECT.
    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall develop and publish in the Federal Register a work 
plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia Metropolitan Area 
Airspace Project.
    SEC. 561. ANNUAL REPORT ON INCLUSION OF DISABLED VETERAN LEAVE IN 
      PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
not less frequently than annually there after until the date that is 5 
years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
publish on a publicly accessible internet website a report on--
        (1) the effect of the amendments made by subsections (a) and 
    (b) of section 2 of the Federal Aviation Administration Veteran 
    Transition Improvement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-242), on the 
    Administration's work force; and
        (2) the number of disabled veterans benefitting from such 
    subsections.
    SEC. 562. ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITY.
    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall identify and implement a strategy to--
        (1) advance near-term and long-term uses of enhanced 
    surveillance systems, such as space-based ADS-B, within United 
    States airspace or international airspace delegated to the United 
    States;
        (2) exercise leadership on setting global standards for the 
    separation of aircraft in oceanic airspace by working with--
            (A) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the 
        International Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary 
        organizations;
            (B) other international organizations and fora; and
            (C) the private sector; and
        (3) ensure the participation of the Administration in the 
    analysis of trials of enhanced surveillance systems, such as space-
    based ADS-B, performed by foreign air navigation service providers 
    in North Atlantic airspace.
    SEC. 563. ACCESS OF AIR CARRIERS TO INFORMATION ABOUT APPLICANTS TO 
      BE PILOTS FROM NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER.
    Section 30305(b)(8) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
        ``(8)(A) An individual who is seeking employment by an air 
    carrier as a pilot may request the chief driver licensing official 
    of a State to provide information about the individual under 
    subsection (a) of this section to the prospective employer of the 
    individual, the authorized agent of the prospective employer, or 
    the Secretary of Transportation.
        ``(B) An air carrier that is the prospective employer of an 
    individual described in subparagraph (A), or an authorized agent of 
    such an air carrier, may request and receive information about that 
    individual from the National Driver Register through an 
    organization approved by the Secretary for purposes of requesting, 
    receiving, and transmitting such information directly to the 
    prospective employer of such an individual or the authorized agent 
    of the prospective employer. This paragraph shall be carried out in 
    accordance with paragraphs (2) and (11) of section 44703(h) and the 
    Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).
        ``(C) Information may not be obtained from the National Driver 
    Register under this paragraph if the information was entered in the 
    Register more than 5 years before the request unless the 
    information is about a revocation or suspension still in effect on 
    the date of the request.''.
    SEC. 564. REGULATORY REFORM.
    Section 106(p)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``Committee, or'' and inserting ``Committee,''; 
    and
        (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, or such 
    aerospace rulemaking committees as the Secretary shall 
    designate.''.
    SEC. 565. AVIATION FUEL.
    (a) Use of Unleaded Aviation Gasoline.--The Administrator shall 
allow the use of an unleaded aviation gasoline in an aircraft as a 
replacement for a leaded gasoline if the Administrator--
        (1) determines that the unleaded aviation gasoline qualifies as 
    a replacement for an approved leaded gasoline;
        (2) identifies the aircraft and engines that are eligible to 
    use the qualified replacement unleaded gasoline; and
        (3) adopts a process (other than the traditional means of 
    certification) to allow eligible aircraft and engines to operate 
    using qualified replacement unleaded gasoline in a manner that 
    ensures safety.
    (b) Timing.--The Administrator shall adopt the process described in 
subsection (a)(3) not later than 180 days after the later of--
        (1) the date on which the Administration completes the Piston 
    Aviation Fuels Initiative; or
        (2) the date on which the American Society for Testing and 
    Materials publishes a production specification for an unleaded 
    aviation gasoline.
    (c) Type Certification.--Existing regulatory mechanisms by which an 
unleaded aviation gasoline can be approved for use in an engine or 
aircraft by Type or Supplemental Type Certificate for individual 
aircraft and engine types or by Approved Model List Supplemental Type 
Certificate providing coverage for a broad range of applicable types of 
aircraft or engines identified in the application shall continue to be 
fully available as a means of approving and bringing an unleaded 
aviation gasoline into general use in the United States. Such approvals 
shall be issued when the Administrator finds that the aircraft or 
engine performs properly and meets the applicable regulations and 
minimum standards under the normal certification process.
    SEC. 566. RIGHT TO PRIVACY WHEN USING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM.
    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator 
shall, upon request of a private aircraft owner or operator, block the 
registration number of the aircraft of the owner or operator from any 
public dissemination or display, except in data made available to a 
Government agency, for the noncommercial flights of the owner or 
operator.
    SEC. 567. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WORKFORCE REVIEW.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall conduct a review to assess the workforce and training needs of 
the FAA in the anticipated budgetary environment.
    (b) Contents.--In conducting the review, the Comptroller General 
shall--
        (1) identify the long-term workforce and training needs of the 
    FAA workforce;
        (2) assess the impact of automation, digitalization, and 
    artificial intelligence on the FAA workforce;
        (3) analyze the skills and qualifications required of the FAA 
    workforce for successful performance in the current and future 
    projected aviation environment;
        (4) review current performance incentive policies of the FAA, 
    including awards for performance;
        (5) analyze ways in which the FAA can work with industry and 
    labor, including labor groups representing the FAA workforce, to 
    establish knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and the 
    aviation industry regarding new equipment and systems, best 
    practices, and other areas of interest; and
        (6) develop recommendations on the most effective 
    qualifications, training programs (including e-learning training), 
    and performance incentive approaches to address the needs of the 
    future projected aviation regulatory system in the anticipated 
    budgetary environment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
    SEC. 568. REVIEW OF APPROVAL PROCESS FOR USE OF LARGE AIR TANKERS 
      AND VERY LARGE AIR TANKERS FOR WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING.
    (a) Review and Improvement of Current Approval Process.--The Chief 
of the Forest Service, in consultation with the Administrator, shall 
conduct a review of the process used by the Forest Service to approve 
the use of large air tankers and very large air tankers for wildland 
firefighting for the purpose of--
        (1) determining the current effectiveness, safety, and 
    consistency of the approval process;
        (2) developing recommendations for improving the effectiveness, 
    safety, and consistency of the approval process; and
        (3) assisting in developing standardized next-generation 
    requirements for air tankers used for firefighting.
    (b) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Chief of the Forest Service shall submit to 
Congress a report describing the outcome of the review conducted under 
subsection (a).
    SEC. 569. FAA TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall--
        (1) identify and assess barriers to attracting, developing, 
    training, and retaining a talented workforce in the areas of 
    systems engineering, architecture, systems integration, digital 
    communications, and cybersecurity;
        (2) develop a comprehensive plan to attract, develop, train, 
    and retain talented individuals in those fields; and
        (3) identify existing authorities available to the 
    Administrator, through personnel reform, to attract, develop, and 
    retain this talent.
    (b) Report.--The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the progress made toward 
implementing the requirements under subsection (a).
    SEC. 570. STUDY ON AIRPORT CREDIT ASSISTANCE.
    (a) Review.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct 
    a review to determine whether a Federal credit assistance program 
    would be beneficial and feasible for airport-related projects as 
    defined in section 40117(a) of title 49, United States Code.
        (2) Considerations.--In carrying out the review under paragraph 
    (1), the Secretary may consider--
            (A) expanding eligibility under an existing Federal credit 
        assistance program to include such projects; and
            (B) establishing a new credit assistance program for such 
        projects.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and 
the Committee on the Environment and Public Works of the Senate a 
report on the results of the review carried out under subsection (a). 
The report shall include a description of--
        (1) the benefits and other effects;
        (2) potential projects;
        (3) the budgetary impacts, including an estimate of--
            (A) the average annual loan volume;
            (B) the average subsidy rate; and
            (C) any loss of Federal revenue;
        (4) impacts on existing programs;
        (5) the administrative costs; and
        (6) any personnel changes.
    SEC. 571. SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY.
    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
        (1) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note) 
    requires the Secretary of Commerce to identify 30 megahertz of 
    electromagnetic spectrum below the frequency of 3 gigahertz to be 
    reallocated to non-Federal use, to shared Federal and non-Federal 
    use, or to a combination thereof.
        (2) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note) 
    authorized the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to 
    use amounts made available through the Spectrum Relocation Fund to 
    make payments to Federal entities for research and development, 
    engineering studies, economic analyses, and other activities 
    intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Federal 
    spectrum use in order to make such spectrum available for 
    reallocation for non-Federal use, for shared Federal and non-
    Federal use, or for a combination thereof.
        (3) The Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination with 
    the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, and the 
    Department of Homeland Security, established the Spectrum Efficient 
    National Surveillance Radar (referred to in this section as 
    ``SENSR'') Program to assess the feasibility of consolidating 
    certain long-range, short-range, and weather radar systems in order 
    to make available the 1300-1350 megahertz band.
        (4) The SENSR Program received approval and approximately 
    $71,500,000 from Office of Management and Budget on June 2, 2017, 
    to proceed with Phase I of the SENSR Spectrum Pipeline Plan, which 
    will focus on requirements and concept development as well as 
    documenting expected costs and information for all impacted Federal 
    spectrum systems.
    (b)  Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the SENSR 
Program of the FAA should continue its assessment of the feasibility of 
making the 1300-1350 megahertz band of electromagnetic spectrum 
available for non-Federal use.
    SEC. 572. SPECIAL REVIEW RELATING TO AIR SPACE CHANGES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Federal Aviation Management Advisory Council 
established under section 106(p) of title 49, United States Code (in 
this section referred to as the ``Council'') shall initiate a special 
review of the Federal Aviation Administration.
    (b) Review.--The special review of the Administration required 
under subsection (a) shall consist of the following:
        (1) A review of the practices and procedures of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration for developing proposals with respect to 
    changes in regulations, policies, or guidance of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration relating to airspace that affect airport 
    operations, airport capacity, the environment, or communities in 
    the vicinity of airports, including an assessment of the extent to 
    which there is consultation, or a lack of consultation, with 
    respect to such proposals--
            (A) between and among the affected elements of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration, including the Air Traffic 
        Organization, the Office of Airports, the Flight Standards 
        Service, the Office of NextGen, and the Office of Energy and 
        Environment; and
            (B) between the Federal Aviation Administration and 
        affected entities, including airports, aircraft operators, 
        communities, and State and local governments.
        (2) Recommendations for revisions to such practices and 
    procedures to improve communications and coordination between and 
    among affected elements of the Federal Aviation Administration and 
    with other affected entities with respect to proposals described in 
    paragraph (1) and the potential effects of such proposals.
    (c) Consultation.--In conducting the special review, the Council 
shall consult with--
        (1) air carriers, including passenger and cargo air carriers;
        (2) general aviation, including business aviation and fixed 
    wing aircraft and rotorcraft;
        (3) airports of various sizes and types;
        (4) exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic 
    controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States 
    Code; and
        (5) State aviation officials.
    (d) Report Required.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
special review conducted by the Council, including a description of the 
comments, recommendations, and dissenting views received from the 
Council and a description of how the Administrator plans to implement 
the recommendations of the Council.
    SEC. 573. REIMBURSEMENT FOR IMMIGRATION INSPECTIONS.
    Section 286(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1356(i)) is amended--
        (1) by inserting ``, train,'' after ``commercial aircraft''; 
    and
        (2) by inserting ``, rail line,'' after ``airport''.
    SEC. 574. FAA EMPLOYEES IN GUAM.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall use existing 
authorities to negotiate an agreement that shall be renegotiated after 
no sooner than 3 years with the Secretary of Defense--
        (1) to authorize Federal Aviation Administration employees 
    assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children 
    access to Department of Defense health care facilities located in 
    Guam on a space available basis; and
        (2) to provide for payments by the Federal Aviation 
    Administration to the Department of Defense for the administrative 
    and any other costs associated with--
            (A) enrolling Federal Aviation Administration employees 
        assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children 
        in any Department of Defense health care facility necessary to 
        allow access pursuant to paragraph (1); and
            (B) third-party billing for any medical costs incurred as a 
        result of Federal Aviation Administration employees, their 
        spouses, or their dependent children accessing and receiving 
        medical treatment or services at a Department of Defense health 
        care facility located in Guam.
    (b) Funds Subject to Appropriations.--Funds for payments by the 
Federal Aviation Administration described in subsection (a)(2) are 
subject to the availability of amounts specifically provided in advance 
for that purpose in appropriations Acts.
    (c) Report on Access to Facilities of the Department of Defense in 
Guam.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation and the 
    Secretary of Defense shall jointly submit a report to the 
    Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of 
    Representatives, the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, and the 
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives on eligibility for and access to Department of 
    Defense support facilities by Federal Aviation Administration 
    employees in the U.S. territory of Guam.
        (2) Scope.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall:
            (A) Evaluate the ability of Department of Defense support 
        facilities in Guam to adequately serve current military 
        personnel and dependent populations.
            (B) Determine how any substantial increases to military 
        personnel and dependent populations in Guam would impact the 
        ability of existing Department of Defense support facilities to 
        provide services for military personnel and dependents 
        stationed in Guam.
            (C) Provide recommendations on any improvements to existing 
        Department of Defense facilities which may be needed to ensure 
        those facilities in Guam can support an increased population of 
        military personnel and dependent population in Guam.
            (D) Consider the impact of expanded access to Department of 
        Defense support facilities in Guam to Federal Aviation 
        Administration employees and their families on the ability of 
        those facilities to provide services to military personnel and 
        their families.
            (E) Recognize the Federal Aviation Administration's vital 
        role as the sole provider of radar air traffic control services 
        for aircraft traversing into and out of the airspace near and 
        above Guam the vast majority of which are military operations, 
        Department of Defense aircraft, or other aircraft traveling to 
        Guam in order to interact with Department of Defense 
        facilities.
            (F) Review the existing authorities authorizing eligibility 
        and access for non-military personnel and their dependents to 
        Department of Defense support facilities, including health care 
        facilities, commissaries, and exchanges, outside the 
        continental United States.
            (G) Determine the applicability of those existing 
        authorities to Department of Defense support facilities in the 
        U.S. territory of Guam.
            (H) Outline the specific conditions on Guam, which may 
        necessitate access to Department of Defense support facilities 
        in Guam by Federal Aviation Administration personnel and their 
        families.
            (I) Determine any changes in laws or regulations that may 
        be necessary to authorize Federal Aviation Administration 
        employees and their families access to Department of Defense 
        health care facilities, commissaries, and exchanges in Guam.
    SEC. 575. GAO STUDY ON AIRLINE COMPUTER NETWORK DISRUPTIONS.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report containing a review of the 
following:
        (1) Direct and indirect effects on passengers, if any, 
    resulting from significant computer network disruptions of part 121 
    (of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) air carriers between 
    January 1, 2014, and the date of enactment of this section, 
    including--
            (A) systemwide delays;
            (B) flight cancellations; and
            (C) disrupted or broken itineraries.
        (2) An estimate of any expenses incurred by passengers during 
    significant computer network disruptions, including--
            (A) meals, lodging, and ancillary expenses per persons;
            (B) late hotel check-in or car rental fees;
            (C) missed cruise-ship departures; and
            (D) lost productivity.
        (3) Air carriers' contracts of carriage and interline 
    agreements to determine if and how air carriers accommodate 
    passengers affected by significant computer network disruptions on 
    other air carriers or foreign air carriers.
        (4) Whether passengers who have been displaced by significant 
    computer network disruptions are furnished with alternative 
    transportation aboard another air carrier or foreign air carrier.
        (5) Costs incurred by airports, if any, to meet the essential 
    needs of passengers, including increased demands on utilities, food 
    concessionaires, restroom facilities, and security staffing, during 
    significant computer network disruptions.
        (6) Other costs, if any, incurred by passengers, airports, and 
    other entities as a direct result of significant computer network 
    disruptions.
        (7) Processes, plans, and redundancies in place at air carriers 
    to respond to and recover from such network disruptions.
    SEC. 576. TOWER MARKING.
    Section 2110 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(49 U.S.C. 44718 note) is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 2110. TOWER MARKING.
    ``(a) Application.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), not 
    later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the FAA 
    Reauthorization Act of 2018 or the date of availability of the 
    database developed by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c), 
    whichever is later, all covered towers shall be either--
            ``(A) clearly marked consistent with applicable guidance in 
        the advisory circular of the FAA issued December 4, 2015 (AC 
        70/7460-IL); or
            ``(B) included in the database described in subsection (c).
        ``(2) Meteorological evaluation tower.--A covered tower that is 
    a meteorological evaluation tower shall be subject to the 
    requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Definitions.--
        ``(1) In general.--In this section, the following definitions 
    apply:
            ``(A) Covered tower.--
                ``(i) In general.--The term `covered tower' means a 
            structure that--

                    ``(I) is a meteorological evaluation tower, a self-
                standing tower, or tower supported by guy wires and 
                ground anchors;
                    ``(II) is 10 feet or less in diameter at the above-
                ground base, excluding concrete footing;
                    ``(III) at the highest point of the structure is at 
                least 50 feet above ground level;
                    ``(IV) at the highest point of the structure is not 
                more than 200 feet above ground level;
                    ``(V) has accessory facilities on which an antenna, 
                sensor, camera, meteorological instrument, or other 
                equipment is mounted; and
                    ``(VI) is located on land that is--

                        ``(aa) in a rural area; and
                        ``(bb) used for agricultural purposes or 
                    immediately adjacent to such land.
                ``(ii) Exclusions.--The term `covered tower' does not 
            include any structure that--

                    ``(I) is adjacent to a house, barn, electric 
                utility station, or other building;
                    ``(II) is within the curtilage of a farmstead or 
                adjacent to another building or visible structure;
                    ``(III) supports electric utility transmission or 
                distribution lines;
                    ``(IV) is a wind-powered electrical generator with 
                a rotor blade radius that exceeds 6 feet;
                    ``(V) is a street light erected or maintained by a 
                Federal, State, local, or tribal entity;
                    ``(VI) is designed and constructed to resemble a 
                tree or visible structure other than a tower;
                    ``(VII) is an advertising billboard;
                    ``(VIII) is located within the right-of-way of a 
                rail carrier, including within the boundaries of a rail 
                yard, and is used for a railroad purpose;
                    ``(IX)(aa) is registered with the Federal 
                Communications Commission under the Antenna Structure 
                Registration program set forth under part 17 of title 
                47, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                    ``(bb) is determined by the Administrator to pose 
                no hazard to air navigation; or
                    ``(X) has already mitigated any hazard to aviation 
                safety in accordance with Federal Aviation 
                Administration guidance or as otherwise approved by the 
                Administrator.

            ``(B) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 609(a)(5) of the Public Utility 
        Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 918c(a)(5)).
            ``(C) Agricultural purposes.--The term `agricultural 
        purposes' means farming in all its branches and the cultivation 
        and tillage of the soil, the production, cultivation, growing, 
        and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural commodities 
        performed by a farmer or on a farm, or on pasture land or 
        rangeland.
        ``(2) Other definitions.--The Administrator shall define such 
    other terms as may be necessary to carry out this section.
    ``(c) Database.--The Administrator shall--
        ``(1) develop a new database, or if appropriate use an existing 
    database that meets the requirements under this section, that 
    contains the location and height of each covered tower that, 
    pursuant to subsection (a), the owner or operator of such tower 
    elects not to mark (unless the Administrator has determined that 
    there is a significant safety risk requiring that the tower be 
    marked), except that meteorological evaluation towers shall be 
    marked and contained in the database;
        ``(2) keep the database current to the extent practicable;
        ``(3) ensure that any proprietary information in the database 
    is protected from disclosure in accordance with law;
        ``(4) ensure that, by virtue of accessing the database, users 
    agree and acknowledge that information in the database--
            ``(A) may only be used for aviation safety purposes; and
            ``(B) may not be disclosed for purposes other than aviation 
        safety, regardless of whether or not the information is marked 
        or labeled as proprietary or with a similar designation;
        ``(5) ensure that the tower information in the database is de-
    identified and that the information only includes the location and 
    height of covered towers and whether the tower has guy wires;
        ``(6) ensure that information in the dataset is encrypted at 
    rest and in transit and is protected from unauthorized access and 
    acquisition;
        ``(7) ensure that towers excluded from the definition of 
    covered tower under subsection (d)(1)(B)(ii)(VIII) must be 
    registered by its owner in the database;
        ``(8) ensure that a tower to be included in the database 
    pursuant to subsection (c)(1) and constructed after the date on 
    which the database is fully operational is submitted by its owner 
    to the FAA for inclusion in the database before its construction;
        ``(9) ensure that pilots who intend to conduct low-altitude 
    operations in locations described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(i)(VI) 
    consult the relevant parts of the database before conducting such 
    operations; and
        ``(10) make the database available for use not later than 1 
    year after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 
    2018.
    ``(d) Exclusion and Waiver Authorities.--As part of a rulemaking 
conducted pursuant to this section, the Administrator--
        ``(1) may exclude a class, category, or type of tower that is 
    determined by the Administrator, after public notice and comment, 
    to not pose a hazard to aviation safety;
        ``(2) shall establish a process to waive specific covered 
    towers from the marking requirements under this section as required 
    under the rulemaking if the Administrator later determines such 
    tower or towers do not pose a hazard to aviation safety;
        ``(3) shall consider, in establishing exclusions and granting 
    waivers under this subsection, factors that may sufficiently 
    mitigate risks to aviation safety, such as the length of time the 
    tower has been in existence or alternative marking methods or 
    technologies that maintains a tower's level of conspicuousness to a 
    degree which adequately maintains the safety of the airspace; and
        ``(4) shall consider excluding towers located in a State that 
    has enacted tower marking requirements according to the Federal 
    Aviation Administration's recommended guidance for the voluntary 
    marking of meteorological evaluation towers erected in remote and 
    rural areas that are less than 200 feet above ground level to 
    enhance the conspicuity of the towers for low level agricultural 
    operations in the vicinity of those towers.
    ``(e) Periodic Review.--The Administrator shall, in consultation 
with the Federal Communications Commission, periodically review any 
regulations or guidance regarding the marking of covered towers issued 
pursuant to this section and update them as necessary, consistent with 
this section, and in the interest of safety of low-altitude aircraft 
operations.
    ``(f) FCC Regulations.--The Federal Communications Commission shall 
amend section 17.7 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, to require 
a notification to the Federal Aviation Administration for any 
construction or alteration of an antenna structure, as defined in 
section 17.2(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, that is a 
covered tower as defined by this section.''.
    SEC. 577. MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR PASSENGER SEATS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and after providing notice and an opportunity for comment, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue 
regulations that establish minimum dimensions for passenger seats on 
aircraft operated by air carriers in interstate air transportation or 
intrastate air transportation, including minimums for seat pitch, 
width, and length, and that are necessary for the safety of passengers.
    (b) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 40102(a) of 
title 49, United States Code, apply to this section.
    SEC. 578. JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL 
      REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCEDURES.
    Section 330 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``5 States'' and 
    inserting ``2 States''; and
        (2) in subsection (e)--
            (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2 years'' and 
        inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 139(l)''; and
            (B) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking ``2 years'' and 
        inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 139(l)''.
    SEC. 579. REGULATORY STREAMLINING.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a 
final regulation revising section 121.333(c)(3) of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, to apply only to flight altitudes above flight 
level 410.
    SEC. 580. SPACEPORTS.
    (a) Sense of Congress on State Spaceport Contributions.--It is the 
Sense of Congress that--
        (1) State and local government-owned or -operated spaceports 
    have contributed hundreds of millions of dollars in infrastructure 
    improvements to the national space launch infrastructure, providing 
    the United States Government and commercial customers with world-
    class space launch and processing infrastructure that is necessary 
    to support continued American leadership in space;
        (2) State and local government-owned or -operated spaceports 
    play a critical role in providing resiliency and redundancy in the 
    national launch infrastructure to support national security and 
    civil government capabilities, and should be recognized as a 
    critical infrastructure in Federal strategy and planning;
        (3) continued State and local government investments at launch 
    and reentry facilities should be encouraged and to the maximum 
    extent practicable supported in Federal policies, planning and 
    infrastructure investment considerations, including through 
    Federal, State, and local partnerships;
        (4) Federal investments in space infrastructure should enable 
    partnerships between Federal agencies and state and local 
    spaceports to modernize and enable expanded 21st century space 
    transportation infrastructure, especially multi-modal networks 
    needed for robust space transportation that support national 
    security, civil, and commercial launch customers; and
        (5) States and local governments that have made investments to 
    build, maintain, operate, and improve capabilities for national 
    security, civil, and commercial customers should be commended for 
    their infrastructure contributions to launch and reentry sites, and 
    encouraged through a variety of programs and policies to continue 
    these investments in the national interest.
    (b) Establishment of Office of Spaceports.--
        (1) Establishment of office of spaceports.--Title 51, United 
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end of subtitle V the 
    following:

                  ``CHAPTER 515--OFFICE OF SPACEPORTS

``Sec. 51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports
    ``(a) Establishment of Office.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall identify, within the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, a 
centralized policy office to be known as the Office of Spaceports.
    ``(b) Functions.--The Office of Spaceports shall--
        ``(1) support licensing activities for operation of launch and 
    reentry sites;
        ``(2) develop policies that promote infrastructure improvements 
    at spaceports;
        ``(3) provide technical assistance and guidance to spaceports;
        ``(4) promote United States spaceports within the Department; 
    and
        ``(5) strengthen the Nation's competitiveness in commercial 
    space transportation infrastructure and increase resilience for the 
    Federal Government and commercial customers.
    ``(c) Recognition.--In carrying out the functions assigned in 
subsection (b), the Secretary shall recognize the unique needs and 
distinctions of spaceports that host--
        ``(1) launches to or reentries from orbit; and
        ``(2) are involved in suborbital launch activities.
    ``(d) Director.--The head of the Office of the Associate 
Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation shall designate a 
Director of the Office of Spaceports.
    ``(e) Definition.--In this section the term `spaceport' means a 
launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the 
Secretary of Transportation.''.
        (2) Technical and conforming amendment.--The table of chapters 
    of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end of 
    subtitle V the following:

``515. Office of Spaceports.....................................51501''.

    (c) Report on National Spaceports Policy.--
        (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (A) A robust network of space transportation 
        infrastructure, including spaceports, is vital to the growth of 
        the domestic space industry and America's competitiveness and 
        access to space.
            (B) Non-Federal spaceports have significantly increased the 
        space transportation infrastructure of the United States 
        through significant investments by State and local governments, 
        which have encouraged greater private investment.
            (C) These spaceports have led to the development of a 
        growing number of orbital and suborbital launch and reentry 
        sites that are available to the national security, civil, and 
        commercial space customers at minimal cost to the Federal 
        Government.
            (D) The Federal Government, led by the Secretary of 
        Transportation, should seek to promote the growth, resilience, 
        and capabilities of this space transportation infrastructure 
        through policies and through partnerships with State and local 
        governments.
        (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to 
    Congress a report that--
            (A) evaluates the Federal Government's national security 
        and civil space transportation demands and the needs of the 
        United States and international commercial markets;
            (B) proposes policies and programs designed to ensure a 
        robust and resilient orbital and suborbital spaceport 
        infrastructure to serve and capitalize on these space 
        transportation opportunities;
            (C) reviews the development and investments made by 
        international competitors in foreign spaceports, to the extent 
        practicable;
            (D) makes recommendations on how the Federal Government can 
        support, encourage, promote, and facilitate greater investments 
        in infrastructure at spaceports; and
            (E) considers and makes recommendations about how 
        spaceports can fully support and enable the national space 
        policy.
        (3) Updates to the report.--Not later than 3 years after the 
    date of enactment of this Act and every 2 years until December 
    2024, the Secretary shall--
            (A) update the previous report prepared under this 
        subsection; and
            (B) submit the updated report to Congress.
        (4) Consultations required.--In preparing the reports required 
    by this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with individuals 
    including--
            (A) the Secretary of Defense;
            (B) the Secretary of Commerce;
            (C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration; and
            (D) interested persons at spaceports, State and local 
        governments, and industry.
    (d) Report on Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching 
Grants.--
        (1) GAO study and report.--The Comptroller General of the 
    United States shall conduct a study regarding spaceport activities 
    carried out pursuant to chapters 509 and 511 of title 51, United 
    States Code, including--
            (A) an assessment of potential mechanisms to provide 
        Federal support to spaceports, including the airport 
        improvement program established under subchapter I of chapter 
        471 of title 49, United States Code, and the program 
        established under chapter 511 of title 51, United States Code;
            (B) recommendations for potential funding options; and
            (C) any necessary changes to improve the spaceport 
        application review process.
        (2) Consultation.--In carrying out the study described in 
    paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall consult with sources 
    from each component of the commercial space transportation sector, 
    including interested persons in industry and government officials 
    at the Federal, State, and local levels.
        (3) User-funded spaceports.--In reviewing funding options, the 
    Comptroller General shall distinguish between spaceports that are 
    funded by users and those that are not.
        (4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a 
    report containing results of the study conducted under paragraph 
    (1).
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``spaceport'' means a 
launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the 
Secretary of Transportation.
    SEC. 581. SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS (SPACE 
      SUPPORT VEHICLES).
    (a) Space Support Vehicle Definitions.--Section 50902 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by redesignating paragraphs (21) through (25) as paragraphs 
    (23) through (27), respectively; and
        (2) by inserting after paragraph (20) the following:
        ``(21) `space support vehicle flight' means a flight in the air 
    that--
            ``(A) is not a launch or reentry; but
            ``(B) is conducted by a space support vehicle.
        ``(22) `space support vehicle' means a vehicle that is--
            ``(A) a launch vehicle;
            ``(B) a reentry vehicle; or
            ``(C) a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.''.
    (b) Special Rule for Certain Aircraft Operations.--
        (1) In general.--Chapter 447, of title 49, United States Code, 
    as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
    following:
``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.
    ``(a) In General.--The operator of an aircraft with a special 
airworthiness certification in the experimental category may--
        ``(1) operate the aircraft for the purpose of conducting a 
    space support vehicle flight (as that term is defined in chapter 
    50902 of title 51); and
        ``(2) conduct such flight under such certificate carrying 
    persons or property for compensation or hire--
            ``(A) notwithstanding any rule or term of a certificate 
        issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration that would prohibit flight for compensation or 
        hire; or
            ``(B) without obtaining a certificate issued by the 
        Administrator to conduct air carrier or commercial operations.
    ``(b) Limited Applicability.--Subsection (a) shall apply only to a 
space support vehicle flight that satisfies each of the following:
        ``(1) (1) The aircraft conducting the space support vehicle 
    flight--
            ``(A) takes flight and lands at a single site that is 
        operated by an entity licensed for operation under chapter 509 
        of title 51;
            ``(B) is owned or operated by a launch or reentry vehicle 
        operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 51, or on behalf 
        of a launch or reentry vehicle operator licensed under chapter 
        509 of title 51;
            ``(C) is a launch vehicle, a reentry vehicle, or a 
        component of a launch or reentry vehicle licensed for 
        operations pursuant to chapter 509 of title 51; and
            ``(D) is used only to simulate space flight conditions in 
        support of--
                ``(i) training for potential space flight participants, 
            government astronauts, or crew (as those terms are defined 
            in chapter 509 of title 51);
                ``(ii) the testing of hardware to be used in space 
            flight; or
                ``(iii) research and development tasks, which require 
            the unique capabilities of the aircraft conducting the 
            flight.
    ``(c) Rules of Construction.--
        ``(1) Space support vehicles.--Section 44711(a)(1) shall not 
    apply to a person conducting a space support vehicle flight under 
    this section only to the extent that a term of the experimental 
    certificate under which the person is operating the space support 
    vehicle prohibits the carriage of persons or property for 
    compensation or hire.
        ``(2) Authority of administrator.--Nothing in this section 
    shall be construed to limit the authority of the Administrator of 
    the Federal Aviation Administration to exempt a person from a 
    regulatory prohibition on the carriage of persons or property for 
    compensation or hire subject to terms and conditions other than 
    those described in this section''.
        (2) Technical amendment.--The table of contents of 447 of title 
    49, United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended 
    by adding at the end the following:

``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.''.

        (3) Rule of construction relating to role of nasa.--Nothing in 
    this subsection shall be construed as limiting the ability of 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to place 
    conditions on or otherwise qualify the operations of NASA 
    contractors providing NASA services.
    SEC. 582. PORTABILITY OF REPAIRMAN CERTIFICATES.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation 
Rulemaking Advisory Committee the task of making recommendations with 
respect to the regulatory and policy changes, as appropriate, to allow 
a repairman certificate issued under section 65.101 of title 14, Code 
of Federal Regulations, to be portable from one employing certificate 
holder to another.
    (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after 
receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator may 
take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with 
respect to those recommendations.
    SEC. 583. UNDECLARED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a 
public awareness campaign to reduce the amount of undeclared hazardous 
materials traveling through air commerce.
    (b) Campaign Requirements.--The public awareness campaign required 
under subsection (a) shall do the following:
        (1) Focus on targeting segments of the hazardous materials 
    industry with high rates of undeclared shipments through air 
    commerce and educate air carriers, shippers, manufacturers, and 
    other relevant stakeholders of such segments on properly packaging 
    and classifying such shipments.
        (2) Educate the public on proper ways to declare and ship 
    hazardous materials, examples of everyday items that are considered 
    hazardous materials, and penalties associated with intentional 
    shipments of undeclared hazardous materials.
    (c) Interagency Working Group.--
        (1) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
    establish an interagency working group to promote collaboration and 
    engagement between the Department of Transportation and other 
    relevant agencies, and develop recommendations and guidance on how 
    best to conduct the public awareness campaign required under 
    subsection (a).
        (2) Duties.--The interagency working group shall consult with 
    relevant stakeholders, including cargo air carriers, passenger air 
    carriers, and labor organizations representing pilots for cargo and 
    passenger air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code 
    of Federal Regulations.
    (d) Update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an update on the status of the 
public awareness campaign required under subsection (a).
    SEC. 584. LIABILITY PROTECTION FOR VOLUNTEER PILOTS WHO FLY FOR THE 
      PUBLIC BENEFIT.
    Section 4 of the Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 14503) 
is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) as subsections 
    (c) through (g), respectively;
        (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``subsections (b) and (d)'' 
    and inserting ``subsections (b), (c), and (e)''; and
        (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Liability Protection for Pilots That Fly for Public 
Benefit.--Except as provided in subsections (c) and (e), no volunteer 
of a volunteer pilot nonprofit organization that arranges flights for 
public benefit shall be liable for harm caused by an act or omission of 
the volunteer on behalf of the organization if, at the time of the act 
or omission, the volunteer--
        ``(1) was operating an aircraft in furtherance of the purpose 
    of, and acting within the scope of the volunteer's responsibilities 
    on behalf of, the nonprofit organization to provide patient and 
    medical transport (including medical transport for veterans), 
    disaster relief, humanitarian assistance, or other similar 
    charitable missions;
        ``(2) was properly licensed and insured for the operation of 
    the aircraft;
        ``(3) was in compliance with all requirements of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration for recent flight experience; and
        ``(4) did not cause the harm through willful or criminal 
    misconduct, gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or a conscious, 
    flagrant indifference to the rights or safety of the individual 
    harmed by the volunteer.''; and
        (4) in subsection (g)(2), as redesignated, by striking ``(e)'' 
    and inserting ``(f)''.

                      TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE
                     Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

    SEC. 601. STUDENT OUTREACH REPORT.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes the 
Administration's existing outreach efforts, such as the STEM Aviation 
and Space Education Outreach Program, to elementary and secondary 
students who are interested in careers in science, technology, 
engineering, art, and mathematics--
        (1) to prepare and inspire such students for aviation and 
    aeronautical careers; and
        (2) to mitigate an anticipated shortage of pilots and other 
    aviation professionals.
    SEC. 602. YOUTH ACCESS TO AMERICAN JOBS IN AVIATION TASK FORCE.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall establish a Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force 
(in this section referred to as the ``Task Force'').
    (b) Duties.--Not later than 12 months after its establishment under 
subsection (a), the Task Force shall develop and submit to the 
Administrator recommendations and strategies for the Administration 
to--
        (1) facilitate and encourage high school students in the United 
    States, beginning in their junior year, to enroll in and complete 
    career and technical education courses, including STEM, that would 
    prepare them to enroll in a course of study related to an aviation 
    career at an institution of higher education, including a community 
    college or trade school;
        (2) facilitate and encourage the students described in 
    paragraph (1) to enroll in a course of study related to an aviation 
    career, including aviation manufacturing, engineering and 
    maintenance, at an institution of higher education, including a 
    community college or trade school; and
        (3) identify and develop pathways for students who complete a 
    course of study described in paragraph (2) to secure registered 
    apprenticeships, workforce development programs, or careers in the 
    aviation industry of the United States.
    (c) Considerations.--When developing recommendations and strategies 
under subsection (b), the Task Force shall--
        (1) identify industry trends that encourage or discourage youth 
    in the United States from pursuing careers in aviation;
        (2) consider how the Administration; air carriers; aircraft, 
    powerplant, and avionics manufacturers; aircraft repair stations; 
    and other aviation stakeholders can coordinate efforts to support 
    youth in pursuing careers in aviation;
        (3) identify methods of enhancing aviation apprenticeships, job 
    skills training, mentorship, education, and outreach programs that 
    are exclusive to youth in the United States; and
        (4) identify potential sources of government and private sector 
    funding, including grants and scholarships, that may be used to 
    carry out the recommendations and strategies described in 
    subsection (b) and to support youth in pursuing careers in 
    aviation.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 30 days after submission of the 
recommendations and strategies under subsection (b), the Task Force 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
outlining such recommendations and strategies.
    (e) Composition of Task Force.--The Administrator shall appoint 
members of the Task Force, including representatives from the 
following:
        (1) Air carriers.
        (2) Aircraft, powerplant, and avionics manufacturers.
        (3) Aircraft repair stations.
        (4) Local educational agencies or high schools.
        (5) Institutions of higher education, including community 
    colleges and aviation trade schools.
        (6) Such other aviation and educational stakeholders and 
    experts as the Administrator considers appropriate.
    (f) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Task 
Force for the duration of the existence of the Task Force.
    (g) Compensation.--Task Force members shall serve without 
compensation.
    (h) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate upon the submittal of 
the report pursuant to subsection (d).
    (i) Definition of STEM.--The term ``STEM'' means--
        (1) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; and
        (2) other career and technical education subjects that build on 
    the subjects described in paragraph (1).

                     Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

    SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING WOMEN IN AVIATION.
    It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry should 
explore all opportunities, including pilot training, science, 
technology, engineering, and mathematics education, and mentorship 
programs, to encourage and support female students and aviators to 
pursue a career in aviation.
    SEC. 612. SUPPORTING WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE AVIATION FIELD.
    (a) Advisory Board.--To encourage women and girls to enter the 
field of aviation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall create and facilitate the Women in Aviation 
Advisory Board (referred to in this section as the ``Board''), with the 
objective of promoting organizations and programs that are providing 
education, training, mentorship, outreach, and recruitment of women 
into the aviation industry.
    (b) Composition.--The Board shall consist of members whose diverse 
background and expertise allow them to contribute balanced points of 
view and ideas regarding the strategies and objectives set forth in 
subsection (f).
    (c) Selection.--Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint members of the Board, 
including representatives from the following:
        (1) Major airlines and aerospace companies.
        (2) Nonprofit organizations within the aviation industry.
        (3) Aviation business associations.
        (4) Engineering business associations.
        (5) United States Air Force Auxiliary, Civil Air Patrol.
        (6) Institutions of higher education and aviation trade 
    schools.
    (d) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Board 
for the duration of the existence of the Board.
    (e) Compensation.--Board members shall serve without compensation.
    (f) Duties.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Board shall present a comprehensive plan for 
strategies the Administration can take, which include the following 
objectives:
        (1) Identifying industry trends that directly or indirectly 
    encourage or discourage women from pursuing careers in aviation.
        (2) Coordinating the efforts of airline companies, nonprofit 
    organizations, and aviation and engineering associations to 
    facilitate support for women pursuing careers in aviation.
        (3) Creating opportunities to expand existing scholarship 
    opportunities for women in the aviation industry.
        (4) Enhancing aviation training, mentorship, education, and 
    outreach programs that are exclusive to women.
    (g) Reports.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Board shall submit a report outlining 
    the comprehensive plan for strategies pursuant to subsection (f) to 
    the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress.
        (2) Availability online.--The Administrator shall make the 
    report publicly available online and in print.
    (h) Sunset.--The Board shall terminate upon the submittal of the 
report pursuant to subsection (g).

                Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

    SEC. 621. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE.
    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
        (1) in 2016, United States air carriers carried a record high 
    number of passengers on domestic flights, 719 million passengers;
        (2) the United States aerospace and defense industry employed 
    1.7 million workers in 2015, or roughly 2 percent of the Nation's 
    total employment base;
        (3) the average salary of an employee in the aerospace and 
    defense industry is 44 percent above the national average;
        (4) in 2015, the aerospace and defense industry contributed 
    nearly $202.4 billion in value added to the United States economy;
        (5) an effective aviation industry relies on individuals with 
    unique skill sets, many of which can be directly obtained through 
    career and technical education opportunities; and
        (6) industry and the Federal Government have taken some actions 
    to attract qualified individuals to careers in aviation and 
    aerospace and to retain qualified individuals in such careers.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) public and private education institutions should make 
    available to students and parents information on approved programs 
    of study and career pathways, including career exploration, work-
    based learning opportunities, dual and concurrent enrollment 
    opportunities, and guidance and advisement resources;
        (2) public and private education institutions should partner 
    with aviation and aerospace companies to promote career paths 
    available within the industry and share information on the unique 
    benefits and opportunities the career paths offer;
        (3) aviation companies, including air carriers, manufacturers, 
    commercial space companies, unmanned aircraft system companies, and 
    repair stations, should create opportunities, through 
    apprenticeships or other mechanisms, to attract young people to 
    aviation and aerospace careers and to enable individuals to gain 
    the critical skills needed to thrive in such professions; and
        (4) the Federal Government should consider the needs of men and 
    women interested in pursuing careers in the aviation and aerospace 
    industry, the long-term personnel needs of the aviation and 
    aerospace industry, and the role of aviation in the United States 
    economy in the creation and administration of educational and 
    financial aid programs.
    SEC. 622. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE STUDY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
initiate a study--
        (1) to evaluate the current and future supply of individuals in 
    the aviation and aerospace workforce;
        (2) to identify the factors influencing the supply of 
    individuals pursuing a career in the aviation or aerospace 
    industry, including barriers to entry into the workforce; and
        (3) to identify methods to increase the future supply of 
    individuals in the aviation and aerospace workforce, including best 
    practices or programs to incentivize, recruit, and retain young 
    people in aviation and aerospace professions.
    (b) Consultation.--The Comptroller General shall conduct the study 
in consultation with--
        (1) appropriate Federal agencies; and
        (2) the aviation and aerospace industry, institutions of higher 
    education, and labor stakeholders.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the study 
and related recommendations.
    SEC. 623. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HIRING VETERANS.
    It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry, including 
certificate holders under parts 121, 135, and 145 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, should hire more of the Nation's veterans.
    SEC. 624. AVIATION MAINTENANCE INDUSTRY TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.
    (a) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall issue a final rule to modernize training programs 
at aviation maintenance technician schools governed by part 147 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with government, 
educational institutions, labor organizations representing aviation 
maintenance workers, and businesses to develop and publish guidance or 
model curricula for aviation maintenance technician schools referred to 
in subsection (a) to ensure workforce readiness for industry needs, 
including curricula related to training in avionics, troubleshooting, 
and other areas of industry needs.
    (c) Review and Periodic Updates.--The Administrator shall--
        (1) ensure training programs referred to in subsection (a) are 
    revised and updated in correlation with aviation maintenance 
    technician airman certification standards as necessary to reflect 
    current technology and maintenance practices; and
        (2) publish updates to the guidance or model curricula required 
    under subsection (b) at least once every 2 years, as necessary, 
    from the date of initial publication.
    (d) Report to Congress.--If the Administrator does not issue such 
final rule by the deadline specified in subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall, not later than 30 days after such deadline, submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing--
        (1) an explanation as to why such final rule was not issued by 
    such deadline; and
        (2) a schedule for issuing such final rule.
    (e) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study on technical workers in the aviation maintenance 
industry.
    (f) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (e), the 
Comptroller General shall--
        (1) analyze the current Standard Occupational Classification 
    system with regard to the aviation profession, particularly 
    technical workers in the aviation maintenance industry;
        (2) analyze how changes to the Federal employment 
    classification of aviation maintenance industry workers might 
    affect government data on unemployment rates and wages;
        (3) analyze how changes to the Federal employment 
    classification of aviation maintenance industry workers might 
    affect projections for future aviation maintenance industry 
    workforce needs and project technical worker shortfalls;
        (4) analyze the impact of Federal regulation, including Federal 
    Aviation Administration oversight of certification, testing, and 
    education programs, on employment of technical workers in the 
    aviation maintenance industry;
        (5) develop recommendations on how Federal Aviation 
    Administration regulations and policies could be improved to 
    modernize training programs at aviation maintenance technical 
    schools and address aviation maintenance industry needs for 
    technical workers;
        (6) develop recommendations for better coordinating actions by 
    government, educational institutions, and businesses to support 
    workforce growth in the aviation maintenance industry; and
        (7) develop recommendations for addressing the needs for 
    government funding, private investment, equipment for training 
    purposes, and other resources necessary to strengthen existing 
    training programs or develop new training programs to support 
    workforce growth in the aviation industry.
    (g) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Aviation maintenance industry.--The term ``aviation 
    maintenance industry'' means repair stations certificated under 
    part 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (2) Technical worker.--The term ``technical worker'' means an 
    individual authorized under part 43 of title 14, Code of Federal 
    Regulations, to maintain, rebuild, alter, or perform preventive 
    maintenance on an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, 
    appliance, or component part or employed by an entity so authorized 
    to perform such a function.
    SEC. 625. AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish--
        (1) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to 
    support the education of future aircraft pilots and the development 
    of the aircraft pilot workforce; and
        (2) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to 
    support the education and recruitment of aviation maintenance 
    technical workers and the development of the aviation maintenance 
    workforce.
    (b) Project Grants.--
        (1) In general.--Out of amounts made available under section 
    48105 of title 49, United States Code, not more than $5,000,000 for 
    each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 is authorized to be expended 
    to provide grants under the program established under subsection 
    (a)(1), and $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 
    is authorized to provide grants under the program established under 
    subsection (a)(2).
        (2) Dollar amount limit.--Not more than $500,000 shall be 
    available for any 1 grant in any 1 fiscal year under the programs 
    established under subsection (a).
    (c) Eligible Applications.--
        (1) An application for a grant under the program established 
    under subsection (a)(1) shall be submitted, in such form as the 
    Secretary may specify, by--
            (A) an air carrier, as defined in section 40102 of title 
        49, United States Code, or a labor organization representing 
        aircraft pilots;
            (B) an accredited institution of higher education (as 
        defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary school (as defined 
        in section 7801 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        7801));
            (C) a flight school that provides flight training, as 
        defined in part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
        that holds a pilot school certificate under part 141 of title 
        14, Code of Federal Regulations; or
            (D) a State or local governmental entity.
        (2) An application for a grant under the pilot program 
    established under subsection (a)(2) shall be submitted, in such 
    form as the Secretary may specify, by--
            (A) a holder of a certificate issued under part 21, 121, 
        135, or 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations or a labor 
        organization representing aviation maintenance workers;
            (B) an accredited institution of higher education (as 
        defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary school (as defined 
        in section 7801 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
        of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801); and
            (C) a State or local governmental entity.
    (d) Eligible Projects.--
        (1) For purposes of the program established under subsection 
    (a)(1), an eligible project is a project--
            (A) to create and deliver curriculum designed to provide 
        high school students with meaningful aviation education that is 
        designed to prepare the students to become aircraft pilots, 
        aerospace engineers, or unmanned aircraft systems operators; or
            (B) to support the professional development of teachers 
        using the curriculum described in subparagraph (A).
        (2) For purposes of the pilot program established under 
    subsection (a)(2), an eligible project is a project--
            (A) to establish new educational programs that teach 
        technical skills used in aviation maintenance, including 
        purchasing equipment, or to improve existing such programs;
            (B) to establish scholarships or apprenticeships for 
        individuals pursuing employment in the aviation maintenance 
        industry;
            (C) to support outreach about careers in the aviation 
        maintenance industry to--
                (i) primary, secondary, and post-secondary school 
            students; or
                (ii) to communities underrepresented in the industry;
            (D) to support educational opportunities related to 
        aviation maintenance in economically disadvantaged geographic 
        areas;
            (E) to support transition to careers in aviation 
        maintenance, including for members of the Armed Forces; or
            (F) to otherwise enhance aviation maintenance technical 
        education or the aviation maintenance industry workforce.
    (e) Grant Application Review.--In reviewing and selecting 
applications for grants under the programs established under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall--
        (1) prior to selecting among competing applications, consult, 
    as appropriate, with representatives of aircraft repair stations, 
    design and production approval holders, air carriers, labor 
    organizations, business aviation, general aviation, educational 
    institutions, and other relevant aviation sectors; and
        (2) ensure that the applications selected for projects 
    established under subsection (a)(1) will allow participation from a 
    diverse collection of public and private schools in rural, 
    suburban, and urban areas.

            Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

    SEC. 631. COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN 
      SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TRAINING.
    (a) Designation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Education and the Secretary of Labor, shall 
establish a process to designate consortia of public, 2-year 
institutions of higher education as Community and Technical College 
Centers of Excellence in Small Unmanned Aircraft System Technology 
Training (in this section referred to as the ``Centers of 
Excellence'').
    (b) Functions.--A Center of Excellence designated under subsection 
(a) shall have the capacity to train students for career opportunities 
in industry and government service related to the use of small unmanned 
aircraft systems.
    (c) Education and Training Requirements.--In order to be designated 
as a Center of Excellence under subsection (a), a consortium shall be 
able to address education and training requirements associated with 
various types of small unmanned aircraft systems, components, and 
related equipment, including with respect to--
        (1) multirotor and fixed-wing small unmanned aircraft;
        (2) flight systems, radio controllers, components, and 
    characteristics of such aircraft;
        (3) routine maintenance, uses and applications, privacy 
    concerns, safety, and insurance for such aircraft;
        (4) hands-on flight practice using small unmanned aircraft 
    systems and computer simulator training;
        (5) use of small unmanned aircraft systems in various industry 
    applications and local, State, and Federal government programs and 
    services, including in agriculture, law enforcement, monitoring oil 
    and gas pipelines, natural disaster response and recovery, fire and 
    emergency services, and other emerging areas;
        (6) Federal policies concerning small unmanned aircraft;
        (7) dual credit programs to deliver small unmanned aircraft 
    training opportunities to secondary school students; or
        (8) training with respect to sensors and the processing, 
    analyzing, and visualizing of data collected by small unmanned 
    aircraft.
    (d) Collaboration.--Each Center of Excellence shall seek to 
collaborate with institutions participating in the Alliance for System 
Safety of UAS through Research Excellence of the Federal Aviation 
Administration and with the test ranges defined under section 44801 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
    (e) Institution of Higher Education.--In this section, the term 
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the term in 
section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
    SEC. 632. COLLEGIATE TRAINING INITIATIVE PROGRAM FOR UNMANNED 
      AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall establish a collegiate training initiative program 
relating to unmanned aircraft systems by making new agreements or 
continuing existing agreements with institutions of higher education 
(as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001)) under which the institutions prepare students for careers 
involving unmanned aircraft systems. The Administrator may establish 
standards for the entry of such institutions into the program and for 
their continued participation in the program.
    (b) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term 
``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term by section 
44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

                       TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT
                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

    SEC. 701. SHORT TITLE.
    This title may be cited as the ``FAA Leadership in Groundbreaking 
High-Tech Research and Development Act'' or the ``FLIGHT R&D Act''.
    SEC. 702. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
    Administration.
        (3) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics and 
    Space Administration.
        (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Transportation.
    SEC. 703. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    (a) Authorizations.--Section 48102(a) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``and, 
    for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015, under subsection (g)'';
        (2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
        (3) by striking paragraph (10) and inserting the following:
        ``(10) $189,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
        ``(11) $194,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
        ``(12) $199,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
        ``(13) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
        ``(14) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
        ``(15) $214,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Research Priorities.--Section 48102(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``consider'' and inserting 
    ``prioritize safety in considering'';
        (2) by striking paragraph (3);
        (3) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
        (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
        ``(2) As safety related activities shall be the highest 
    research priority, at least 70 percent of the amount appropriated 
    under subsection (a) of this section shall be for safety research 
    and development projects.''.
    (c) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--
Section 48102(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(g) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--
The Administrator shall submit the national aviation research plan to 
Congress no later than the date of submission of the President's budget 
request to Congress for that fiscal year, as required under section 
44501(c).''.

         Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

    SEC. 711. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    (a) Appointment.--Not later than 3 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint an Assistant 
Administrator for Research and Development.
    (b) Responsibilities.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development shall, at a minimum, be responsible for--
        (1) management and oversight of all the FAA's research and 
    development programs and activities; and
        (2) production of all congressional reports from the FAA 
    relevant to research and development, including the national 
    aviation research plan required under section 44501(c) of title 49, 
    United States Code.
    (c) Dual Appointment.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development may be a dual-appointment, holding the responsibilities of 
another Assistant Administrator.
    SEC. 712. RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
    (a) Advice and Recommendations.--Section 44508(a)(1)(A) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
        ``(A) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator 
    of the Federal Aviation Administration and Congress about needs, 
    objectives, plans, approaches, content, and accomplishments of all 
    aviation research and development activities and programs carried 
    out, including those under sections 40119, 44504, 44505, 44507, 
    44511-44513, and 44912 of this title;''.
    (b) Written Reply to Research Advisory Committee.--Section 44508 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Written Reply.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after receiving any 
    recommendation from the research advisory committee, the 
    Administrator shall provide a written reply to the research 
    advisory committee that, at a minimum--
            ``(A) clearly states whether the Administrator accepts or 
        rejects the recommendation;
            ``(B) explains the rationale for the Administrator's 
        decision;
            ``(C) sets forth the timeframe in which the Administrator 
        will implement the recommendation; and
            ``(D) describes the steps the Administrator will take to 
        implement the recommendation.
        ``(2) Transparency.--The written reply to the research advisory 
    committee, when transmitted to the research advisory committee, 
    shall be--
            ``(A) made publicly available on the research advisory 
        committee website; and
            ``(B) transmitted to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
        ``(3) National aviation research plan.--The national aviation 
    research plan required under section 44501(c) shall include a 
    summary of all research advisory committee recommendations and a 
    description of the status of their implementation.''.

                 Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

    SEC. 721. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
      ROADMAP.
    The Secretary shall submit the unmanned aircraft systems roadmap to 
Congress on an annual basis as required under section 48802(a) of title 
49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

        Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

    SEC. 731. CYBER TESTBED.
    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall develop an integrated Cyber Testbed for 
research, development, evaluation, and validation of air traffic 
control modernization technologies, before they enter the national 
airspace system, as being compliant with FAA data security regulations. 
The Cyber Testbed shall be part of an integrated research and 
development test environment capable of creating, identifying, 
defending, and solving cybersecurity-related problems for the national 
airspace system. This integrated test environment shall incorporate 
integrated test capacities within the FAA related to the national 
airspace system and NextGen.
    SEC. 732. STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF EXTREME WEATHER ON AIR TRAVEL.
    (a) Study Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration and the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall jointly complete a study on the effect of 
extreme weather on commercial air travel.
    (b) Elements.--The study required by subsection (a) shall include 
assessment of the following:
        (1) Whether extreme weather may result in an increase in 
    turbulence.
        (2) The effect of extreme weather on current commercial air 
    routes.
        (3) The effect of extreme weather on domestic airports, air 
    traffic control facilities, and associated facilities.

          Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

    SEC. 741. RESEARCH PLAN FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES 
      INTO THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator, in consultation with NASA, shall transmit a 
comprehensive research plan for the certification of new technologies 
into the national airspace system to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. This plan shall 
identify research necessary to support the certification and 
implementation of NextGen, including both ground and air elements, and 
explain the plan's relationship to other activities and procedures 
required for certification and implementation of new technologies into 
the national airspace system. This plan shall be informed by the 
recommendations of the National Research Council report titled 
``Transformation in the Air--A Review of the FAA Research Plan'', 
issued on June 8, 2015. This plan shall include, at a minimum--
        (1) a description of the strategic and prescriptive value of 
    the research plan;
        (2) an explanation of the expected outcomes from executing the 
    plan;
        (3) an assessment of the FAA's plan to use research and 
    development to improve cybersecurity over the next 5 years;
        (4) an assessment of the current software assurance practices, 
    and the desired level or attributes to target in the software 
    assurance program; and
        (5) best practices in research and development used by other 
    organizations, such as NASA, NavCanada, and Eurocontrol.
    SEC. 742. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.
    (a) Review.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall conduct a 
    review of current and planned research on the use of advanced 
    aircraft technologies, innovative materials, alternative fuels, 
    additive manufacturing, and novel aircraft designs, to increase 
    aircraft fuel efficiency.
        (2) Summaries.--The review conducted under paragraph (1) shall 
    include summaries of projects and missions to examine--
            (A) the effectiveness of such technologies, materials, 
        fuels, and aircraft designs to enhance fuel efficiency and 
        aerodynamic performance, and reduce drag, weight, noise, and 
        fuel consumption; and
            (B) the potential for novel flight pattern planning and 
        communications systems to reduce aircraft taxiing and airport 
        circling.
        (3) Recommendations.--The review conducted under paragraph (1) 
    shall identify potential opportunities for additional research and 
    development, public or private, to increase aircraft fuel 
    efficiency.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a).
    SEC. 743. CLEEN AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP.
    (a) Cooperative Agreement.--Subchapter I of chapter 475 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall enter into a cost-sharing cooperative agreement, 
using a competitive process, with institutions, entities, or 
consortiums to carry out a program for the development, maturation, and 
testing of certifiable CLEEN aircraft, engine technologies, and jet 
fuels for civil subsonic airplanes.
    ``(b) CLEEN Engine and Airframe Technology Defined.--In this 
section, the term `CLEEN aircraft and engine technology' means 
continuous lower energy, emissions, and noise aircraft and engine 
technology.
    ``(c) Performance Objective.--The Administrator shall establish the 
performance objectives for the program in terms of the specific 
objectives to reduce fuel burn, emissions and noise.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents of 
subchapter I of chapter 475 is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 47510 the following:

``47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership.''.
    SEC. 744. RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN AIRFIELD PAVEMENT 
      TECHNOLOGIES.
    Using amounts made available under section 48102(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration may carry out a program for the research and development 
of aircraft pavement technologies under which the Administrator makes 
grants to, and enters into cooperative agreements with, institutions of 
higher education and nonprofit organizations that--
        (1) research concrete and asphalt airfield pavement 
    technologies that extend the life of airfield pavements;
        (2) develop and conduct training;
        (3) provide for demonstration projects; and
        (4) promote the latest airfield pavement technologies to aid in 
    the development of safer, more cost effective, and more durable 
    airfield pavements.

                      Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

    SEC. 751. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.
    (a) Short Title.--This subtitle may be cited as the ``Geospatial 
Data Act of 2018''.
    (b) Findings.--Congress finds that--
        (1) open and publicly available data is essential to the 
    successful operation of the GeoPlatform;
        (2) the private sector in the United States, for the purposes 
    of acquiring and producing quality geospatial data and geospatial 
    data services, has been and continues to be invaluable in carrying 
    out the varying missions of Federal departments and agencies, as 
    well as contributing positively to the United States economy; and
        (3) over the last 2 decades, Congress has passed legislation 
    that promotes greater access and use of Government information and 
    data, which has--
            (A) sparked new, innovative start-ups and services;
            (B) spurred economic growth in many sectors, such as in the 
        geospatial services;
            (C) advanced scientific research;
            (D) promoted public access to Federally funded services and 
        data; and
            (E) improved access to geospatial data for the purposes of 
        promoting public health, weather forecasting, economic 
        development, environmental protection, flood zone research, and 
        other purposes.
    SEC. 752. DEFINITIONS.
    In this subtitle--
        (1) the term ``Advisory Committee'' means the National 
    Geospatial Advisory Committee established under section 754(a);
        (2) the term ``Committee'' means the Federal Geographic Data 
    Committee established under section 753(a);
        (3) the term ``covered agency''--
            (A) means--
                (i) an Executive department, as defined in section 101 
            of title 5, United States Code, that collects, produces, 
            acquires, maintains, distributes, uses, or preserves 
            geospatial data on paper or in electronic form to fulfill 
            the mission of the Executive department, either directly or 
            through a relationship with another organization, including 
            a State, local government, Indian tribe, institution of 
            higher education, business partner or contractor of the 
            Federal Government, and the public;
                (ii) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
            or
                (iii) the General Services Administration; and
            (B) does not include the Department of Defense (including 
        30 components and agencies performing national missions) or any 
        element of the intelligence community;
        (4) the term ``GeoPlatform'' means the GeoPlatform described in 
    section 758(a);
        (5) the term ``geospatial data''--
            (A) means information that is tied to a location on the 
        Earth, including by identifying the geographic location and 
        characteristics of natural or constructed features and 
        boundaries on the Earth, and that is generally represented in 
        vector datasets by points, lines, polygons, or other complex 
        geographic features or phenomena;
            (B) may be derived from, among other things, remote 
        sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies;
            (C) includes images and raster datasets, aerial 
        photographs, and other forms of geospatial data or datasets in 
        digitized or non-digitized form; and
            (D) does not include--
                (i) geospatial data and activities of an Indian tribe 
            not carried out, in whole or in part, using Federal funds, 
            as determined by the tribal government;
                (ii) classified national security-related geospatial 
            data and activities of the Department of Defense, unless 
            declassified;
                (iii) classified national security-related geospatial 
            data and activities of the Department of Energy, unless 
            declassified;
                (iv) geospatial data and activities under chapter 22 of 
            title 10, United States Code, or section 110 of the 
            National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3045);
                (v) intelligence geospatial data and activities, as 
            determined by the Director of National Intelligence; or
                (vi) certain declassified national security-related 
            geospatial data and activities of the intelligence 
            community, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, the 
            Secretary of Energy, or the Director of National 
            Intelligence;
        (6) the term ``Indian tribe'' has the meaning given that term 
    under section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education 
    Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b);
        (7) the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
    meaning given that term under section 102 of the Higher Education 
    Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002);
        (8) the term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning given 
    that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
    U.S.C. 3003);
        (9) the term ``lead covered agency'' means a lead covered 
    agency for a National Geospatial Data Asset data theme designated 
    under section 756(b)(1);
        (10) the term ``local government'' means any city, county, 
    township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose 
    political subdivision of a State;
        (11) the term ``metadata for geospatial data'' means 
    information about geospatial data, including the content, source, 
    vintage, accuracy, condition, projection, method of collection, and 
    other characteristics or descriptions of the geospatial data;
        (12) the term ``National Geospatial Data Asset data theme'' 
    means the National Geospatial Data Asset core geospatial datasets 
    (including electronic records and coordinates) relating to a topic 
    or subject designated under section 756;
        (13) the term ``National Spatial Data Infrastructure'' means 
    the technology, policies, criteria, standards, and employees 
    necessary to promote geospatial data sharing throughout the Federal 
    Government, State, tribal, and local governments, and the private 
    sector (including nonprofit organizations and institutions of 
    higher education); and
        (14) the term ``proven practices'' means methods and activities 
    that advance the use of geospatial data for the benefit of society.
    SEC. 753. FEDERAL GEOGRAPHIC DATA COMMITTEE.
    (a) In General.--There is established within the Department of the 
Interior an interagency committee to be known as the Federal Geographic 
Data Committee, which shall act as the lead entity in the executive 
branch for the development, implementation, and review of policies, 
practices, and standards relating to geospatial data.
    (b) Membership.--
        (1) Chairperson and vice chairperson.--The Secretary of the 
    Interior and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
    shall serve as Chairperson of the Committee and Vice Chairperson of 
    the Committee, respectively.
        (2) Other members.--
            (A) In general.--The head of each covered agency and the 
        Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency shall 
        each designate a representative of their respective agency to 
        serve as a member of the Committee.
            (B) Requirement for appointments.--An officer appointed to 
        serve as a member of the Committee shall hold a position as an 
        assistant secretary, or an equivalent position, or a higher 
        ranking position.
        (3) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and as needed thereafter, the Director of 
    the Office of Management and Budget shall update guidance with 
    respect to membership of the Committee and the roles of members of 
    the Committee.
    (c) Duties.--The Committee shall--
        (1) lead the development and management of and operational 
    decision making for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
    strategic plan and geospatial data policy in accordance with 
    section 755;
        (2) designate National Geospatial Data Asset data themes and 
    oversee the coordinated management of the National Geospatial Data 
    Asset data themes in accordance with section 756;
        (3) establish and maintain geospatial data standards in 
    accordance with section 757;
        (4) periodically review and determine the extent to which 
    covered agencies comply with geospatial data standards;
        (5) ensure that the GeoPlatform operates in accordance with 
    section 758;
        (6) direct and facilitate national implementation of the system 
    of National Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
        (7) communicate with and foster communication among covered 
    agencies and other entities and individuals relating to geospatial 
    data technology development, transfer, and exchange in order to--
            (A) identify and meet the needs of users of geospatial 
        data;
            (B) promote cost-effective data collection, documentation, 
        maintenance, distribution, and preservation strategies; and
            (C) leverage Federal and non-Federal resources, such as 
        promoting Federal shared services and cross-agency coordination 
        for marketplace solutions;
        (8) define roles and responsibilities and promote and guide 
    cooperation and coordination among agencies of the Federal 
    Government, State, tribal, and local governments, institutions of 
    higher education, and the private sector in the collection, 
    production, sharing, and use of geospatial information, the 
    implementation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, and the 
    identification of proven practices;
        (9) coordinate with international organizations having an 
    interest in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure or global 
    spatial data infrastructures;
        (10) make available online and update at least annually--
            (A) a summary of the status for each National Geospatial 
        Data Asset data theme, based on the report submitted by the 
        applicable lead covered agency under section 
        756(b)(3)(E)(ii)(I), which shall include--
                (i) an evaluation of the progress of each lead covered 
            agency in achieving the requirements under subparagraphs 
            (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 756(b)(3); and
                (ii) a determination of whether, for each of 
            subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 756(b)(3), 
            each lead covered agency meets expectations, has made 
            progress toward expectations, or fails to meet 
            expectations;
            (B) a summary and evaluation of the achievements of each 
        covered agency, based on the annual report submitted by the 
        covered agency under section 759(b)(1), which shall include a 
        determination of whether the covered agency meets expectations, 
        has made progress toward expectations, or fails to meet 
        expectations for each of paragraphs (1) through (13) of section 
        759(a);
            (C) a collection of periodic technical publications, 
        management articles, and reports related to the National 
        Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
            (D) a membership directory for the Committee, including 
        identifying members of any subcommittee or working group of the 
        Committee;
        (11)(A) make available to and request comments from the 
    Advisory Committee regarding the summaries and evaluations required 
    under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10);
        (B) if requested by the Advisory Committee, respond to any 
    comments by the Advisory Committee; and
        (C) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a 
    report that includes the summaries and evaluations required under 
    subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10), the comments of the 
    Advisory Committee, and the responses of the Committee to the 
    comments;
        (12)(A) make available to and request comments from covered 
    agencies regarding the summaries and evaluations required under 
    subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10); and
        (B) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a 
    report that includes the comments of the covered agencies and the 
    responses of the Committee to the comments; and
        (13) support and promote the infrastructure of networks, 
    systems, services, and standards that provide a digital 
    representation of the Earth to users for many applications.
    (d) Staff Support.--The Committee shall establish an Office of the 
Secretariat within the Department of the Interior to provide 
administrative support, strategic planning, funding, and technical 
support to the Committee.
    SEC. 754. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Interior shall establish 
within the Department of the Interior the National Geospatial Advisory 
Committee to provide advice and recommendations to the Chairperson of 
the Committee.
    (b) Membership.--
        (1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of 
    not more than 30 members, at least one of which will be from the 
    National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, who shall--
            (A) be appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee;
            (B) be selected--
                (i) to generally achieve a balanced representation of 
            the viewpoints of various interested parties involved in 
            national geospatial activities and the development of the 
            National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
                (ii) with consideration of a geographic balance of 
            residence of the members; and
            (C) be selected from among groups involved in the 
        geospatial community, including--
                (i) States;
                (ii) local governments;
                (iii) regional governments;
                (iv) tribal governments;
                (v) private sector entities;
                (vi) geospatial information user industries;
                (vii) professional associations;
                (viii) scholarly associations;
                (ix) nonprofit organizations;
                (x) academia;
                (xi) licensed geospatial data acquisition 
            professionals; and
                (xii) the Federal Government.
        (2) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall 
    appoint the Chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
        (3) Period of appointment; vacancies.--
            (A) In general.--Members shall be appointed for a term of 3 
        years, with the term of \1/3\ of the members expiring each 
        year.
            (B) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall 
        not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner 
        as the original appointment.
        (4) Limit on terms.--Except for the member from the National 
    Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, an individual--
            (A) may not be appointed to more than 2 consecutive terms 
        as a member of the Advisory Committee; and
            (B) after serving for 2 consecutive terms, is eligible to 
        be appointed as a member of the Advisory Committee on and after 
        the date that is 2 years after the end of the second 
        consecutive term of the individual as a member of the Advisory 
        Committee.
        (5) Ethical requirements.--A member of the Advisory Committee 
    may not participate in any specific-party matter (including a 
    lease, license, permit, contract, claim, agreement, or related 
    litigation) with the Department of the Interior in which the member 
    has a direct financial interest.
        (6) Incumbents.--
            (A) In general.--An individual serving on the day before 
        the date of enactment of this Act as a member of the National 
        Geospatial Advisory Committee established by the Secretary of 
        the Interior may serve as a member of the Advisory Committee 
        until the end of the term of the individual under the 
        appointment.
            (B) Limit on terms.--Any period of service as a member of 
        the National Geospatial Advisory Committee established by the 
        Secretary of the Interior shall be considered a period of 
        service as a member of the Advisory Committee for purposes of 
        paragraph (4).
    (c) Subcommittees.--A subcommittee of the Advisory Committee--
        (1) may be formed for the purposes of compiling information or 
    conducting research;
        (2) shall be composed of members appointed by the Chairperson 
    of the Advisory Committee;
        (3) shall act under the direction of the Chairperson of the 
    Advisory Committee and the officer or employee designated under 
    section 10(e) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) 
    with respect to the Advisory Committee;
        (4) shall report the recommendations of the subcommittee to the 
    Advisory Committee for consideration; and
        (5) shall meet as necessary to accomplish the objectives of the 
    subcommittee, subject to the approval of the Chairperson of the 
    Advisory Committee and the availability of resources.
    (d) Meetings.--
        (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call 
    of the Chairperson, not less than 1 time each year and not more 
    than 4 times each year.
        (2) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Advisory 
    Committee shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members 
    may hold meetings or hearings.
    (e) Duties of the Advisory Committee.--The Advisory Committee 
shall--
        (1) provide advice and recommendations relating to--
            (A) the management of Federal and national geospatial 
        programs;
            (B) the development of the National Spatial Data 
        Infrastructure; and
            (C) implementation of this subtitle;
        (2) review and comment on geospatial policy and management 
    issues; and
        (3) ensure the views of representatives of non-Federal 
    interested parties involved in national geospatial activities are 
    conveyed to the Committee.
    (f) Powers of the Advisory Committee.--
        (1) Meetings.--The Advisory Committee may hold meetings (which 
    shall be open to the public) and sit and act at such times and 
    places as the Advisory Committee considers advisable to carry out 
    this subtitle.
        (2) Information from covered agencies.--
            (A) In general.--The Advisory Committee, with the 
        concurrence of the Chairperson of the Committee, may secure 
        directly from any covered agency such information as the 
        Advisory Committee considers necessary to carry out this 
        subtitle. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Advisory 
        Committee, the head of such agency shall furnish such 
        information to the Advisory Committee.
            (B) Noncooperation.--The Advisory Committee shall include 
        in the comments of the Advisory Committee submitted under 
        section 753(c)(11) a discussion of any failure by a covered 
        agency to furnish information in response to a request under 
        subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
        (3) Postal services.--The Advisory Committee may use the United 
    States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as 
    other agencies of the Federal Government.
    (g) Advisory Committee Personnel Matters.--
        (1) No compensation of members.--
            (A) Non-federal employees.--A member of the Advisory 
        Committee who is not an officer or employee of the Federal 
        Government shall serve without compensation.
            (B) Federal employees.--A member of the Advisory Committee 
        who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall 
        serve without compensation in addition to the compensation 
        received for the services of the member as an officer or 
        employee of the Federal Government.
        (2) Travel expenses.--The members of the Advisory Committee 
    shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
    subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under 
    subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while 
    away from their homes or regular places of business in the 
    performance of services for the Advisory Committee.
        (3) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government 
    employee may be detailed to the Committee to support the Advisory 
    Committee without reimbursement, and such detail shall be without 
    interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.
        (4) Staff support.--The Office of the Secretariat established 
    by the Committee under section 753(d) shall provide administrative 
    support to the Advisory Committee.
    (h) Applicability of FACA.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
    Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall apply to the 
    Advisory Committee.
        (2) No termination.--Section 14(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory 
    Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory 
    Committee.
    (i) Termination.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
    Advisory Committee shall terminate 10 years after the date of 
    enactment of this Act.
        (2) Continuation.--The Advisory Committee may be continued for 
    successive 10-year periods by action taken by the Secretary of the 
    Interior to renew the Advisory Committee before the date on which 
    the Advisory Committee would otherwise terminate.
    SEC. 755. NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE.
    (a) In General.--The National Spatial Data Infrastructure shall 
ensure that geospatial data from multiple sources (including the 
covered agencies, State, local, and tribal governments, the private 
sector, and institutions of higher education) is available and easily 
integrated to enhance the understanding of the physical and cultural 
world.
    (b) Goals.--The goals of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
are to--
        (1) ensure--
            (A) that geospatial data are reviewed prior to disclosure 
        to ensure--
                (i) compliance with section 552a of title 5 (commonly 
            known as the ``Privacy Act of 1974''); and
                (ii) that personally identifiable information is not 
            disclosed, which shall include an assessment of re-
            identification risk when determining what data constitute 
            personally identifiable information;
            (B) that geospatial data are designed to enhance the 
        accuracy of statistical information, both in raw form and in 
        derived information products;
            (C) free and open access for the public to geospatial data, 
        information, and interpretive products, in accordance with 
        Office of Management and Budget Circular A-130, or any 
        successor thereto;
            (D) the protection of proprietary interests related to 
        licensed information and data; and
            (E) the interoperability and sharing capabilities of 
        Federal information systems and data to enable the drawing of 
        resources from covered agencies and partners of covered 
        agencies; and
        (2) support and advance the establishment of a Global Spatial 
    Data Infrastructure, consistent with national security, national 
    defense, national intelligence, and international trade 
    requirements, including ensuring that covered agencies develop 
    international geospatial data in accordance with international 
    voluntary consensus standards, as defined in Office of Management 
    and Budget Circular A-119, or any successor thereto.
    (c) Strategic Plan.--The Committee shall prepare and maintain a 
strategic plan for the development and implementation of the National 
Spatial Data Infrastructure in a manner consistent with national 
security, national defense, and emergency preparedness program policies 
regarding data accessibility.
    (d) Advisory Role.--The Committee shall advise Federal and non-
Federal users of geospatial data on their responsibilities relating to 
implementation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
    SEC. 756. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL DATA ASSET DATA THEMES.
    (a) In General.--The Committee shall designate as National 
Geospatial Data Asset data themes the primary topics and subjects for 
which the coordinated development, maintenance, and dissemination of 
geospatial data will benefit the Federal Government and the interests 
of the people of the United States, which shall--
        (1) be representations of conceptual topics describing digital 
    spatial information for the Nation; and
        (2) contain associated datasets (with attribute records and 
    coordinates)--
            (A) that are documented, verifiable, and officially 
        designated to meet recognized standards;
            (B) that may be used in common; and
            (C) from which other datasets may be derived.
    (b) Lead Covered Agencies.--
        (1) In general.--For each National Geospatial Data Asset data 
    theme, the Committee shall designate one or more covered agencies 
    as the lead covered agencies for the National Geospatial Data Asset 
    data theme.
        (2) General responsibility.--The lead covered agencies for a 
    National Geospatial Data Asset data theme shall be responsible for 
    ensuring the coordinated management of the data, supporting 
    resources (including technology and personnel), and related 
    services and products of the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
    theme.
        (3) Specific responsibilities.--To assist in fulfilling the 
    responsibilities under paragraph (2) with respect to a National 
    Geospatial Data Asset data theme, the lead covered agencies shall--
            (A) provide leadership and facilitate the development and 
        implementation of geospatial data standards for the National 
        Geospatial Data Asset data theme, with a particular emphasis on 
        a data content standard for the National Geospatial Data Asset 
        data theme, including by--
                (i) assessing existing standards;
                (ii) identifying anticipated or needed data standards; 
            and
                (iii) developing a plan to originate and implement 
            needed standards with relevant community and international 
            practices--

                    (I) in accordance with Office of Management and 
                Budget Circular A-119, or any successor thereto; and
                    (II) consistent with or as a part of the plan 
                described in subparagraph (B);

            (B) provide leadership and facilitate the development and 
        implementation of a plan for nationwide population of the 
        National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which shall--
                (i) include developing partnership programs with 
            States, Indian tribes, institutions of higher education, 
            private sector entities, other Federal agencies, and local 
            governments;
                (ii) meet the needs of users of geospatial data;
                (iii) address human and financial resource needs;
                (iv) identify needs relating to standards, metadata for 
            geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset 
            data theme, and the GeoPlatform; and
                (v) expedite the development of necessary National 
            Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
            (C) establish goals that support the strategic plan for the 
        National Spatial Data Infrastructure prepared under section 
        755(c);
            (D) as necessary, collect and analyze information from 
        users of geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data 
        Asset data theme regarding the needs of the users for 
        geospatial data and incorporate the needs of users in 
        strategies relating to the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
        theme; and
            (E) as part of administering the National Geospatial Data 
        Asset data theme--
                (i) designate a point of contact within the lead 
            covered agency who shall be responsible for developing, 
            maintaining, coordination relating to, and disseminating 
            data using the GeoPlatform;
                (ii) submit to the Committee--

                    (I) a performance report, at least annually, that 
                documents the activities relating to and implementation 
                of the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, 
                including progress in achieving the requirements under 
                subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D); and
                    (II) comments, as appropriate, regarding the 
                summary and evaluation of the performance report 
                provided by the Committee under section 753(c)(12);

                (iii) publish maps or comparable graphics online (in 
            accordance with the mapping conventions specified by the 
            Committee) showing the extent and status of the National 
            Geospatial Data Asset data themes for which the covered 
            agency is a lead covered agency;
                (iv) encourage individuals and entities that are a 
            source of geospatial data or metadata for geospatial data 
            for the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme to 
            provide access to such data through the GeoPlatform;
                (v) coordinate with the GeoPlatform; and
                (vi) identify and publish proven practices for the use 
            and application of geospatial data of the lead covered 
            agency.
    SEC. 757. GEOSPATIAL DATA STANDARDS.
    (a) In General.--In accordance with section 216 of the E-Government 
Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note), the Committee shall establish 
standards for each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which--
        (1) shall include--
            (A) rules, conditions, guidelines, and characteristics for 
        the geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset 
        data theme and related processes, technology, and organization; 
        and
            (B) content standards for metadata for geospatial data 
        within the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme;
        (2) to the maximum extent practicable, shall be consistent with 
    international standards and protocols;
        (3) shall include universal data standards that shall be 
    acceptable for the purposes of declassified intelligence community 
    data; and
        (4) the Committee shall periodically review and update as 
    necessary for the standards to remain current, relevant, and 
    effective.
    (b) Development of Standards.--The Committee shall--
        (1) develop and promulgate standards under this section--
            (A) in accordance with Office of Management and Budget 
        Circular A-119, or any successor thereto; and
            (B) after consultation with a broad range of data users and 
        providers;
        (2) to the maximum extent possible, use national and 
    international standards adopted by voluntary standards consensus 
    bodies; and
        (3) establish new standards only to the extent standards 
    described in paragraph (2) do not exist.
    (c) Exclusion.--The Secretary of the Interior shall withhold from 
public disclosure any information the disclosure of which reasonably 
could be expected to cause damage to the national interest, security, 
or defense of the United States, including information relating to 
geospatial intelligence data activities, as determined in consultation 
with the Director of National Intelligence.
    SEC. 758. GEOPLATFORM.
    (a) In General.--The Committee shall operate an electronic service 
that provides access to geospatial data and metadata for geospatial 
data to the general public, to be known as the GeoPlatform.
    (b) Implementation.--
        (1) In general.--The GeoPlatform--
            (A) shall--
                (i) be available through the internet and other 
            communications means;
                (ii) be accessible through a common interface;
                (iii) include metadata for all geospatial data 
            collected by covered agencies, directly or indirectly;
                (iv) include download access to all open geospatial 
            data directly or indirectly collected by covered agencies; 
            and
                (v) include a set of programming instructions and 
            standards providing an automated means of accessing 
            available geospatial data, which--

                    (I) harmonize sources and data standards associated 
                with geospatial data, including metadata; and
                    (II) to the maximum extent practicable, as 
                determined by the Chairperson of the Committee, shall 
                be made publicly available;

            (B) may include geospatial data from a source other than a 
        covered agency, if determined appropriate by the Committee; and
            (C) shall not store or serve proprietary information or 
        data acquired under a license by the Federal Government, unless 
        authorized by the data provider.
        (2) Managing partner.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall 
    designate an agency to serve as the managing partner for developing 
    and operating the GeoPlatform, taking direction from the Committee 
    on the scope, functionality, and performance of the GeoPlatform.
    (c) Clarification.--Although the GeoPlatform is intended to include 
all National Geospatial Data Asset and other Federal datasets, nothing 
in this subtitle shall be construed to prevent a covered agency from 
also presenting, providing, or disseminating data that is--
        (1) specific to the functions of the covered agency; or
        (2) targeted to information consumers that directly interface 
    with the services, portals, or other mechanisms of the covered 
    agency.
    SEC. 759. COVERED AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.
    (a) In General.--Each covered agency shall--
        (1) prepare, maintain, publish, and implement a strategy for 
    advancing geographic information and related geospatial data and 
    activities appropriate to the mission of the covered agency, in 
    support of the strategic plan for the National Spatial Data 
    Infrastructure prepared under section 755(c);
        (2) collect, maintain, disseminate, and preserve geospatial 
    data such that the resulting data, information, or products can be 
    readily shared with other Federal agencies and non-Federal users;
        (3) promote the integration of geospatial data from all 
    sources;
        (4) ensure that data information products and other records 
    created in geospatial data and activities are included on agency 
    record schedules that have been approved by the National Archives 
    and Records Administration;
        (5) allocate resources to fulfill the responsibilities of 
    effective geospatial data collection, production, and stewardship 
    with regard to related activities of the covered agency, and as 
    necessary to support the activities of the Committee;
        (6) use the geospatial data standards, including the standards 
    for metadata for geospatial data, and other appropriate standards, 
    including documenting geospatial data with the relevant metadata 
    and making metadata available through the GeoPlatform;
        (7) coordinate and work in partnership with other Federal 
    agencies, agencies of State, tribal, and local governments, 
    institutions of higher education, and the private sector to 
    efficiently and cost-effectively collect, integrate, maintain, 
    disseminate, and preserve geospatial data, building upon existing 
    non-Federal geospatial data to the extent possible;
        (8) use geospatial information to--
            (A) make Federal geospatial information and services more 
        useful to the public;
            (B) enhance operations;
            (C) support decision making; and
            (D) enhance reporting to the public and to Congress;
        (9) protect personal privacy and maintain confidentiality in 
    accordance with Federal policy and law;
        (10) participate in determining, when applicable, whether 
    declassified data can contribute to and become a part of the 
    National Spatial Data Infrastructure;
        (11) search all sources, including the GeoPlatform, to 
    determine if existing Federal, State, local, or private geospatial 
    data meets the needs of the covered agency before expending funds 
    for geospatial data collection;
        (12) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that a person 
    receiving Federal funds for geospatial data collection provides 
    high-quality data; and
        (13) appoint a contact to coordinate with the lead covered 
    agencies for collection, acquisition, maintenance, and 
    dissemination of the National Geospatial Data Asset data themes 
    used by the covered agency.
    (b) Reporting.--
        (1) In general.--Each covered agency shall submit to the 
    Committee an annual report regarding the achievements of the 
    covered agency in preparing and implementing the strategy described 
    in subsection (a)(1) and complying with the other requirements 
    under subsection (a).
        (2) Budget submission.--Each covered agency shall--
            (A) include geospatial data in preparing the budget 
        submission of the covered agency to the President under 
        sections 1105(a) and 1108 of title 31, United States Code;
            (B) maintain an inventory of all geospatial data assets in 
        accordance with OMB Circular A-130, or any successor thereto; 
        and
            (C) prepare an annual report to Congress identifying 
        Federal-wide geospatial data assets, as defined in OMB Circular 
        A-16, as set forth in OMB memo M-11-03, Issuance of OMB 
        Circular A-16 Supplemental Guidance (November 10, 2010), or any 
        successor thereto.
        (3) Disclosure.--Each covered agency shall disclose each 
    contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or other transaction that 
    deals with geospatial data, which may include posting information 
    relating to the contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or other 
    transaction on www.USAspending.gov and www.itdashboard.gov, or any 
    successors thereto.
        (4) OMB review.--In reviewing the annual budget justifications 
    submitted by covered agencies, the Office of Management and Budget 
    shall take into consideration the summary and evaluations required 
    under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 753(c)(10), comments, 
    and replies to comments as required under paragraphs (11) and (12) 
    of section 753(c), in its annual evaluation of the budget 
    justification of each covered agency.
        (5) Reporting.--The Office of Management and Budget shall 
    include a discussion of the summaries and evaluation of the 
    progress in establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
    in each E-Government status report submitted under section 3606 of 
    title 44, United States Code.
    (c) Audits.--Not less than once every 2 years, the inspector 
general of a covered agency (or senior ethics official of the covered 
agency for a covered agency without an inspector general) shall submit 
to Congress an audit of the collection, production, acquisition, 
maintenance, distribution, use, and preservation of geospatial data by 
the covered agency, which shall include a review of--
        (1) the compliance of the covered agency with the standards for 
    geospatial data, including metadata for geospatial data, 
    established under section 757;
        (2) the compliance of the covered agency with the requirements 
    under subsection (a); and
        (3) the compliance of the covered agency on the limitation on 
    the use of Federal funds under section 759A.
SEC. 759A. LIMITATION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS.
    (a) Definition.--In this section, the term ``implementation date'' 
means the date that is 5 years after the date on which standards for 
each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme are established under 
section 757.
    (b) Limitation.--Except as provided otherwise in this section, on 
and after the implementation date, a covered agency may not use Federal 
funds for the collection, production, acquisition, maintenance, or 
dissemination of geospatial data that does not comply with the 
applicable standards established under section 757, as determined by 
the Committee.
    (c) Exception for Existing Geospatial Data.--On and after the 
implementation date, a covered agency may use Federal funds to maintain 
and disseminate geospatial data that does not comply with the 
applicable standards established under section 757 if the geospatial 
data was collected, produced, or acquired by the covered agency before 
the implementation date.
    (d) Waiver.--
        (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Committee may grant a 
    waiver of the limitation under subsection (b), upon a request from 
    a covered agency submitted in accordance with paragraph (2).
        (2) Requirements.--A request for a waiver under paragraph (1) 
    shall--
            (A) be submitted not later than 30 days before the 
        implementation date;
            (B) provide a detailed explanation of the reasons for 
        seeking a waiver;
            (C) provide a detailed plan to achieve compliance with the 
        applicable standards established under section 757; and
            (D) provide the date by which the covered agency shall 
        achieve compliance with the applicable standards established 
        under section 757.
    (e) Best Efforts to Comply During Transition.--During the period 
beginning on the date on which standards for a National Geospatial Data 
Asset data theme are established under section 757 and ending on the 
implementation date, each covered agency, to the maximum extent 
practicable, shall collect, produce, acquire, maintain, and disseminate 
geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme in 
accordance with the standards.
SEC. 759B. SAVINGS PROVISION.
    Nothing in this subtitle shall repeal, amend, or supersede any 
existing law unless specifically provided in this subtitle.
SEC. 759C. PRIVATE SECTOR.
    The Committee and each covered agency may, to the maximum extent 
practical, rely upon and use the private sector in the United States 
for the provision of geospatial data and services.

                       Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 761. NEXTGEN RESEARCH.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate a report specifying the top 5 priority 
research areas for the implementation and advancement of NextGen, 
including--
        (1) an assessment of why the research areas are a priority for 
    the implementation and advancement of NextGen;
        (2) an identification of the other Federal agencies and private 
    organizations assisting the Administration with the research; and
        (3) an estimate of when the research will be completed.
    SEC. 762. ADVANCED MATERIALS CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 445 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall continue operation of the Advanced Materials 
Center of Excellence (referred to in this section as the `Center') 
under its structure as in effect on March 1, 2016, which shall focus on 
applied research and training on the durability and maintainability of 
advanced materials in transport airframe structures.
    ``(b) Responsibilities.--The Center shall--
        ``(1) promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, the 
    Transportation Division of the Federal Aviation Administration, and 
    the commercial aircraft industry, including manufacturers, 
    commercial air carriers, and suppliers; and
        ``(2) establish goals set to advance technology, improve 
    engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education in 
    relevant areas of study.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 445 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.''.

                TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

    SEC. 801. EXPENDITURE AUTHORITY FROM AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.
    (a) In General.--Section 9502(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking 
    ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 2023''; and
        (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking the semicolon at the end 
    and inserting ``or the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018;''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 9502(e)(2) of such Code is 
amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 
2023''.
    SEC. 802. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.
    (a) Fuel Taxes.--Section 4081(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
``September 30, 2023''.
    (b) Ticket Taxes.--
        (1) Persons.--Section 4261(k)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is amended 
    by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 
    2023''.
        (2) Property.--Section 4271(d)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is 
    amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
    ``September 30, 2023''.
    (c) Fractional Ownership Programs.--
        (1) Fuel tax.--Section 4043(d) of such Code is amended by 
    striking ``September 30, 2021'' and inserting ``September 30, 
    2023''.
        (2) Treatment as noncommercial aviation.--Section 4083(b) of 
    such Code is amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting 
    ``October 1, 2023''.
        (3) Exemption from ticket taxes.--Section 4261(j) of such Code 
    is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
    ``September 30, 2023''.

DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 
                                  2018

SEC. 1101. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``National Transportation Safety 
Board Reauthorization Act''.
SEC. 1102. DEFINITIONS.
    In this division, the following definitions apply:
        (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the National 
    Transportation Safety Board.
        (2) Chairman.--The term ``Chairman'' means the Chairman of the 
    National Transportation Safety Board.
        (3) Most wanted list.--The term ``Most Wanted List'' means the 
    Board publication entitled ``Most Wanted List''.
SEC. 1103. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    Section 1118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated for the 
purposes of this chapter $111,400,000 for fiscal year 2019, 
$112,400,000 for fiscal year 2020, $113,400,000 for fiscal year 2021, 
and $114,400,000 for fiscal year 2022. Such sums shall remain available 
until expended.''.
SEC. 1104. STILL IMAGES.
    (a) Still Images, Voice Recorders, and Video Recorders.--
        (1) Cockpit recordings and transcripts.--Section 1114(c) of 
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (B) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by inserting 
        ``References to information in making safety recommendations.--
        '' before ``This''; and
            (C) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) in the first sentence, by striking ``The Board'' 
            and inserting ``Confidentiality of recordings.--Except as 
            provided in paragraph (2), the Board''; and
                (ii) by amending the second sentence to read as 
            follows:
        ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the Board 
    shall make public any part of a transcript, any written depiction 
    of visual information obtained from a video recorder, or any still 
    image obtained from a video recorder the Board decides is relevant 
    to the accident or incident--
            ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the accident 
        or incident, at the time of the hearing; or
            ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, at the 
        time a majority of the other factual reports on the accident or 
        incident are placed in the public docket.''.
        (2) Surface vehicle recordings and transcripts.--Section 
    1114(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
            (B) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) in the first sentence, by striking ``The Board'' 
            and inserting ``Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
            Board''; and
                (ii) by amending the second sentence to read as 
            follows:
        ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the Board 
    shall make public any part of a transcript, any written depiction 
    of visual information obtained from a video recorder, or any still 
    image obtained from a video recorder the Board decides is relevant 
    to the accident--
            ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the accident, 
        at the time of the hearing; or
            ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, at the 
        time a majority of the other factual reports on the accident 
        are placed in the public docket.''.
        (3) Privacy protections.--Section 1114 of title 49, United 
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Privacy Protections.--Before making public any still image 
obtained from a video recorder under subsection (c)(2) or subsection 
(d)(2), the Board shall take such action as appropriate to protect from 
public disclosure any information that readily identifies an 
individual, including a decedent.''.
    (b) Cockpit and Surface Vehicle Recordings and Transcripts.--
Section 1154(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in the heading, by striking ``Transcripts and Recordings'' 
    and inserting ``In General'';
        (2) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
        subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and
            (B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so 
        redesignated, the following:
            ``(A) any still image that the National Transportation 
        Safety Board has not made available to the public under section 
        1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title;'';
        (3) in paragraph (3)--
            (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``recorder recording'' and inserting ``recorder recording, 
        including with regard to a video recording any still image that 
        the National Transportation Safety Board has not made available 
        to the public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this 
        title,''; and
            (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``recorder recording'' 
        and inserting ``recorder recording, including with regard to a 
        video recording any still image that the National 
        Transportation Safety Board has not made available to the 
        public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title,'';
        (4) in paragraph (4)--
            (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' before ``a part 
            of a cockpit''; and
                (ii) by striking ``the part of the transcript or the 
            recording'' each place it appears and inserting ``the still 
            image, the part of the transcript, or the recording'';
            (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' before ``a part 
            of a cockpit''; and
                (ii) by striking ``the part of the transcript or the 
            recording'' each place it appears and inserting ``the still 
            image, the part of the transcript, or the recording''; and
        (5) in paragraph (6)--
            (A) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); 
        and
            (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
        ``(B) Still image.--The term `still image' means any still 
    image obtained from a video recorder.''.
SEC. 1105. ELECTRONIC RECORDS.
    Section 1134(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting ``including an electronic record,'' after ``record,''.
SEC. 1106. REPORT ON MOST WANTED LIST METHODOLOGY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than the date on which the first Most 
Wanted List to be published after the date of enactment of this Act is 
published, the Chairman shall publish on a publicly available website 
of the Board and submit to appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the methodology used to prioritize and select recommendations to be 
included by the Board in the Most Wanted List.
    (b) Elements.--The report under subsection (a) shall include--
        (1) a detailed description of how the Board accounts for the 
    risk to safety addressed in each of its recommendations, including 
    the extent to which the Board considers--
            (A) the types of data and other information, including 
        studies and reports, used to identify the amount and 
        probability of risk to safety;
            (B) the reduction of the risk to safety, estimated over a 
        period of time, by implementing each recommendation;
            (C) the practicality and feasibility of achieving the 
        reduction of the risk to safety described in subparagraph (B); 
        and
            (D) any alternate means of reducing the risk;
        (2) a detailed description of the extent to which the Board 
    considers any prior, related investigation, safety recommendation, 
    or other safety action when prioritizing and selecting 
    recommendations; and
        (3) a description of the extent of coordination and 
    consultation when prioritizing and selecting the recommendations.
    (c) GAO Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date that the 
methodology report is published under subsection (a), the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report examining the methodology used by the Board to 
prioritize and select safety recommendations for inclusion in the Most 
Wanted List.
SEC. 1107. METHODOLOGY.
    (a) Redesignation.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Annual Report.--The National Transportation Safety Board 
shall submit a report to Congress on July 1 of each year. The report 
shall include--
        ``(1) a statistical and analytical summary of the 
    transportation accident investigations conducted and reviewed by 
    the Board during the prior calendar year;
        ``(2) a survey and summary of the recommendations made by the 
    Board to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of those accidents 
    together with the observed response to each recommendation;
        ``(3) a detailed appraisal of the accident investigation and 
    accident prevention activities of other departments, agencies, and 
    instrumentalities of the United States Government and State and 
    local governmental authorities having responsibility for those 
    activities under a law of the United States or a State;
        ``(4) a description of the activities and operations of the 
    National Transportation Safety Board Training Center during the 
    prior calendar year;
        ``(5) a list of accidents, during the prior calendar year, that 
    the Board was required to investigate under section 1131 but did 
    not investigate and an explanation of why they were not 
    investigated; and
        ``(6) a list of ongoing investigations that have exceeded the 
    expected time allotted for completion by Board order and an 
    explanation for the additional time required to complete each such 
    investigation.''.
    (b) Methodology.--
        (1) In general.--Section 1117 of title 49, United States Code, 
    is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 1117. Methodology
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of the National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization 
Act, the Chairman shall include with each investigative report in which 
a recommendation is issued by the Board a methodology section detailing 
the process and information underlying the selection of each 
recommendation.
    ``(b) Elements.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the 
methodology section under subsection (a) shall include, for each 
recommendation--
        ``(1) a brief summary of the Board's collection and analysis of 
    the specific accident investigation information most relevant to 
    the recommendation;
        ``(2) a description of the Board's use of external information, 
    including studies, reports, and experts, other than the findings of 
    a specific accident investigation, if any were used to inform or 
    support the recommendation, including a brief summary of the 
    specific safety benefits and other effects identified by each 
    study, report, or expert; and
        ``(3) a brief summary of any examples of actions taken by 
    regulated entities before the publication of the safety 
    recommendation, to the extent such actions are known to the Board, 
    that were consistent with the recommendation.
    ``(c) Acceptable Limitation.--If the Board knows of more than 3 
examples taken by regulated entities before the publication of the 
safety recommendation that were consistent with the recommendation, the 
brief summary under subsection (b)(3) may be limited to only 3 of those 
examples.
    ``(d) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply if the 
recommendation is only for a person to disseminate information on--
        ``(1) an existing agency best practices document; or
        ``(2) an existing regulatory requirement.
    ``(e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to require any change to a recommendation made by the Board 
before the date of enactment of the National Transportation Safety 
Board Reauthorization Act, unless the recommendation is a repeat 
recommendation issued on or after the date of enactment of such Act.
    ``(f) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed--
        ``(1) to delay publication of the findings, cause, or probable 
    cause of a Board investigation;
        ``(2) to delay the issuance of an urgent recommendation that 
    the Board has determined must be issued to avoid immediate loss, 
    death, or injury; or
        ``(3) to limit the number of examples the Board may consider 
    before issuing a recommendation.''.
        (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 
    49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
    relating to section 1116 the following:

``117. Methodology.''.
SEC. 1108. MULTIMODAL ACCIDENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Board shall establish and maintain a 
multimodal accident database management system for Board investigators.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the system shall be to support the 
Board in improving--
        (1) the quality of accident data the Board makes available to 
    the public; and
        (2) the selection of accidents for investigation and allocation 
    of limited resources.
    (c) Requirements.--The system shall--
        (1) maintain a historical record of accidents that are 
    investigated by the Board; and
        (2) be capable of the secure storage, retrieval, and management 
    of information associated with the investigations of such 
    accidents.
SEC. 1109. ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF FAMILIES OF INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN 
ACCIDENTS.
    (a) Air Carriers Holding Certificates of Public Convenience and 
Necessity.--Section 41113 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``a major'' and inserting 
    ``any''; and
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(and any other victim 
        of the accident)'' and inserting ``(and any other victim of the 
        accident, including any victim on the ground)'';
            (B) in paragraph (16), by striking ``major'' and inserting 
        ``any''; and
            (C) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking ``significant'' and 
        inserting ``any''.
    (b) Foreign Air Carriers Providing Foreign Air Transportation.--
Section 41313 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``a major'' and inserting 
    ``any''; and
        (2) in subsection (c)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a significant'' and 
        inserting ``any'';
            (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``a significant'' and 
        inserting ``any'';
            (C) by amending paragraph (9) to read as follows:
        ``(9) Equal treatment of passengers.--An assurance that the 
    treatment of the families of nonrevenue passengers (and any other 
    victim of the accident, including any victim on the ground) will be 
    the same as the treatment of the families of revenue passengers.'';
            (D) in paragraph (16)--
                (i) by striking ``major'' and inserting ``any''; and
                (ii) by striking ``the foreign air carrier will 
            consult'' and inserting ``will consult''; and
            (E) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking ``significant'' and 
        inserting ``any''.
    (c) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Aircraft 
Accidents.--Section 1136 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``aircraft accident within 
    the United States involving an air carrier or foreign air carrier 
    and resulting in a major loss of life'' and inserting ``aircraft 
    accident involving an air carrier or foreign air carrier, resulting 
    in any loss of life, and for which the National Transportation 
    Safety Board will serve as the lead investigative agency''; and
        (2) in subsection (h)--
            (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
        ``(1) Aircraft accident.--The term `aircraft accident' means 
    any aviation disaster, regardless of its cause or suspected cause, 
    for which the National Transportation Safety Board is the lead 
    investigative agency.''; and
            (B) in paragraph (2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
            inserting a semicolon;
                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the 
            end and inserting ``; and''; and
                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) any other person injured or killed in the aircraft 
        accident, as determined appropriate by the Board.''.
    (d) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Rail Passenger 
Accidents.--Section 1139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``resulting in a major loss 
    of life'' and inserting ``resulting in any loss of life, and for 
    which the National Transportation Safety Board will serve as the 
    lead investigative agency''; and
        (2) by amending subsection (h)(1) to read as follows:
        ``(1) Rail passenger accident.--The term `rail passenger 
    accident' means any rail passenger disaster that--
            ``(A) results in any loss of life;
            ``(B) the National Transportation Safety Board will serve 
        as the lead investigative agency for; and
            ``(C) occurs in the provision of--
                ``(i) interstate intercity rail passenger 
            transportation (as such term is defined in section 24102); 
            or
                ``(ii) high-speed rail (as such term is defined in 
            section 26105) transportation, regardless of its cause or 
            suspected cause.''.
    (e) Information for Families of Individuals Involved in 
Accidents.--
        (1) In general.--Subchapter III of chapter 11 of subtitle II of 
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
    following:
``Sec. 1140. Information for families of individuals involved in 
    accidents
    ``In the course of an investigation of an accident described in 
section 1131(a)(1), except an aircraft accident described in section 
1136 or a rail passenger accident described in section 1139, the Board 
may, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the families of 
individuals involved in the accident, and other individuals the Board 
deems appropriate--
        ``(1) are informed as to the roles, with respect to the 
    accident and the post-accident activities, of the Board;
        ``(2) are briefed, before any public briefing, about the 
    accident, its causes, and any other findings from the 
    investigation; and
        ``(3) are individually informed of and allowed to attend any 
    public hearings and meetings of the Board about the accident.''.
        (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 11 of 
    subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
    inserting after the item relating to section 1139 the following:

``1140. Information for families of individuals involved in 
          accidents.''.
SEC. 1110. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT ON INVESTIGATION 
LAUNCH DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES.
    Section 1138 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b)--
            (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs 
        (6) and (7), respectively; and
            (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
        ``(5) the process and procedures to select an accident to 
    investigate;''; and
        (2) in subsection (c), by inserting a comma after ``Science''.
SEC. 1111. PERIODIC REVIEW OF SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS.
    (a) Reports.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended--
        (1) in the heading, by striking ``and studies'' and inserting 
    ``, studies, and retrospective reviews''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Retrospective Reviews.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 
    June 1, 2019, and at least every 5 years thereafter, the Chairman 
    shall complete a retrospective review of recommendations issued by 
    the Board that are classified as open by the Board.
        ``(2) Contents.--A review under paragraph (1) shall include--
            ``(A) a determination of whether the recommendation should 
        be updated, closed, or reissued in light of--
                ``(i) changed circumstances;
                ``(ii) more recently issued recommendations;
                ``(iii) the availability of new technologies; or
                ``(iv) new information making the recommendation 
            ineffective or insufficient for achieving its objective; 
            and
            ``(B) a justification for each determination under 
        subparagraph (A).
        ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date a review 
    under paragraph (1) is complete, the Chairman shall submit to the 
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
    and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House 
    of Representatives a report that includes--
            ``(A) the findings of the review under paragraph (1);
            ``(B) each determination under paragraph (2)(A) and 
        justification under paragraph (2)(B); and
            ``(C) if applicable, a schedule for updating, closing, or 
        reissuing a recommendation.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
1116 and inserting the following:

``1116. Reports, studies, and retrospective reviews.''.

    (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section or the amendments made 
by this section may be construed to limit or otherwise affect the 
authority of the Board to update, close, or reissue a recommendation.
SEC. 1112. GENERAL ORGANIZATION.
    (a) Terms of the Chairman and Vice Chairman.--Section 1111(d) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``2 years'' and 
inserting ``3 years''.
    (b) Nonpublic Collaborative Discussions.--Section 1111 of such 
title is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Open Meetings.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Board shall be deemed to be an agency 
    for purposes of section 552b of title 5.
        ``(2) Nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
            ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552b of title 5, 
        a majority of the members may hold a meeting that is not open 
        to public observation to discuss official agency business if--
                ``(i) no formal or informal vote or other official 
            agency action is taken at the meeting;
                ``(ii) each individual present at the meeting is a 
            member or an employee of the Board;
                ``(iii) at least 1 member of the Board from each 
            political party is present at the meeting, if applicable; 
            and
                ``(iv) the General Counsel of the Board is present at 
            the meeting.
            ``(B) Disclosure of nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
        Except as provided under subparagraphs (C) and (D), not later 
        than 2 business days after the conclusion of a meeting under 
        subparagraph (A), the Board shall make available to the public, 
        in a place easily accessible to the public--
                ``(i) a list of the individuals present at the meeting; 
            and
                ``(ii) a summary of the matters, including key issues, 
            discussed at the meeting, except for any matter the Board 
            properly determines may be withheld from the public under 
            section 552b(c) of title 5.
            ``(C) Summary.--If the Board properly determines a matter 
        may be withheld from the public under section 552b(c) of title 
        5, the Board shall provide a summary with as much general 
        information as possible on each matter withheld from the 
        public.
            ``(D) Active investigations.--If a discussion under 
        subparagraph (A) directly relates to an active investigation, 
        the Board shall make the disclosure under subparagraph (B) on 
        the date the Board adopts the final report.
            ``(E) Preservation of open meetings requirements for agency 
        action.--Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to limit 
        the applicability of section 552b of title 5 with respect to a 
        meeting of the members other than that described in this 
        paragraph.
            ``(F) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this paragraph 
        may be construed--
                ``(i) to limit the applicability of section 552b of 
            title 5 with respect to any information which is proposed 
            to be withheld from the public under subparagraph (B)(ii); 
            or
                ``(ii) to authorize the Board to withhold from any 
            individual any record that is accessible to that individual 
            under section 552a of title 5.''.
    (c) Authority To Acquire Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for 
Investigation Purposes.--Section 1113(b)(1) of such title is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(J) notwithstanding section 1343 of title 31, acquire 1 
        or more small unmanned aircraft (as defined in section 44801) 
        for use in investigations under this chapter.''.
    (d) Investigative Officers.--Section 1113 of such title is amended 
by striking subsection (h).
    (e) Technical Amendment.--Section 1113(a)(1) of such title is 
amended by striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''.
SEC. 1113. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
    (a) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter III of 
chapter 11 of subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
in the item relating to section 1138 by striking ``Board'' and 
inserting ``Board.''.
    (b) General Authority.--Section 1131(a)(1)(A) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``a public aircraft as defined by 
section 40102(a)(37) of this title'' and inserting ``a public aircraft 
as defined by section 40102(a) of this title''.

                  DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 
2018''.
SEC. 1202. APPLICABILITY.
    (a) Applicability for Stafford Act.--Except as otherwise expressly 
provided, the amendments in this division to the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) 
apply to each major disaster and emergency declared by the President on 
or after August 1, 2017, under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act.
    (b) Division Applicability.--Except as otherwise expressly 
provided, the authorities provided under this division apply to each 
major disaster and emergency declared by the President under the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act on or after 
January 1, 2016.
SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.
    In this division:
        (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
        (2) Agency.--The term ``Agency'' means the Federal Emergency 
    Management Agency.
        (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given that term 
    in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).
SEC. 1204. WILDFIRE PREVENTION.
    (a) Mitigation Assistance.--Section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) is 
amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
        (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Hazard Mitigation Assistance.--Whether or not a major 
disaster is declared, the President may provide hazard mitigation 
assistance in accordance with section 404 in any area affected by a 
fire for which assistance was provided under this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) is amended--
        (1) in section 404(a) (42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) (as amended by this 
    division)--
            (A) by inserting before the first period ``, or any area 
        affected by a fire for which assistance was provided under 
        section 420''; and
            (B) in the third sentence by inserting ``or event under 
        section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place it appears; 
        and
        (2) in section 322(e)(1) (42 U.S.C. 5165(e)(1)), by inserting 
    ``or event under section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place 
    it appears.
    (c) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall 
submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
of the Senate, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations of 
the Senate and the House of Representatives a report containing a 
summary of any projects carried out, and any funding provided to those 
projects, under subsection (d) of section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) (as 
amended by this section).
SEC. 1205. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.
    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Use of Assistance.--Recipients of hazard mitigation 
assistance provided under this section and section 203 may use the 
assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the risk of future 
damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a wildfire 
or windstorm, such as--
        ``(1) reseeding ground cover with quick-growing or native 
    species;
        ``(2) mulching with straw or chipped wood;
        ``(3) constructing straw, rock, or log dams in small 
    tributaries to prevent flooding;
        ``(4) placing logs and other erosion barriers to catch sediment 
    on hill slopes;
        ``(5) installing debris traps to modify road and trail drainage 
    mechanisms;
        ``(6) modifying or removing culverts to allow drainage to flow 
    freely;
        ``(7) adding drainage dips and constructing emergency spillways 
    to keep roads and bridges from washing out during floods;
        ``(8) planting grass to prevent the spread of noxious weeds;
        ``(9) installing warning signs;
        ``(10) establishing defensible space measures;
        ``(11) reducing hazardous fuels;
        ``(12) mitigating windstorm damage, including replacing or 
    installing electrical transmission or distribution utility pole 
    structures with poles that are resilient to extreme wind and 
    combined ice and wind loadings for the basic wind speeds and ice 
    conditions associated with the relevant location;
        ``(13) removing standing burned trees; and
        ``(14) replacing water systems that have been burned and have 
    caused contamination.''.
SEC. 1206. ELIGIBILITY FOR CODE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT.
    (a) In General.--Section 402 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170a) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
        (3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
        ``(5) provide assistance to State and local governments for 
    building code and floodplain management ordinance administration 
    and enforcement, including inspections for substantial damage 
    compliance; and''.
    (b) Repair, Restoration, and Replacement of Damaged Facilities.--
Section 406(a)(2) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(a)(2)) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(D) base and overtime wages for extra hires to facilitate 
        the implementation and enforcement of adopted building codes 
        for a period of not more than 180 days after the major disaster 
        is declared.''.
SEC. 1207. PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.
    (a) Hazard Mitigation.--Section 406(c) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(c)) is 
amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``90 percent of''; and
        (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``75 percent of''.
    (b) Flood Insurance.--Section 406(d)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(d)(1)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``This section shall not 
apply to more than one building of a multi-structure educational, law 
enforcement, correctional, fire, or medical campus, for any major 
disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 
501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after January 1, 
2016, through December 31, 2018.''.
    (c) Participation.--Section 428(d) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(d)) is 
amended--
        (1) by striking ``Participation in'' and inserting the 
    following:
        ``(1) In general.--Participation in''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) No conditions.--The President may not condition the 
    provision of Federal assistance under this Act on the election by a 
    State, local, or Indian tribal government, or owner or operator of 
    a private nonprofit facility to participate in the alternative 
    procedures adopted under this section.''.
    (d) Certification.--Section 428(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(e)(1)) is 
amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(G) once certified by a professionally licensed engineer 
        and accepted by the Administrator, the estimates on which 
        grants made pursuant to this section are based shall be 
        presumed to be reasonable and eligible costs, as long as there 
        is no evidence of fraud.''.
SEC. 1208. PRIORITIZATION OF FACILITIES.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall provide guidance and training on an annual 
basis to State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first responders, 
and utility companies on--
        (1) the need to prioritize assistance to hospitals, nursing 
    homes, and other long-term care facilities to ensure that such 
    health care facilities remain functioning or return to functioning 
    as soon as practicable during power outages caused by natural 
    hazards, including severe weather events;
        (2) how hospitals, nursing homes and other long-term care 
    facilities should adequately prepare for power outages during a 
    major disaster or emergency, as those terms are defined in section 
    102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122); and
        (3) how State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first 
    responders, utility companies, hospitals, nursing homes, and other 
    long-term care facilities should develop a strategy to coordinate 
    emergency response plans, including the activation of emergency 
    response plans, in anticipation of a major disaster, including 
    severe weather events.
SEC. 1209. GUIDANCE ON EVACUATION ROUTES.
    (a) In General.--
        (1) Identification.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
    the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, shall 
    develop and issue guidance for State, local, and Indian tribal 
    governments regarding the identification of evacuation routes.
        (2) Guidance.--The Administrator of the Federal Highway 
    Administration, in coordination with the Administrator, shall 
    revise existing guidance or issue new guidance as appropriate for 
    State, local, and Indian tribal governments regarding the design, 
    construction, maintenance, and repair of evacuation routes.
    (b) Considerations.--
        (1) Identification.--In developing the guidance under 
    subsection (a)(1), the Administrator shall consider--
            (A) whether evacuation routes have resisted impacts and 
        recovered quickly from disasters, regardless of cause;
            (B) the need to evacuate special needs populations, 
        including--
                (i) individuals with a physical or mental disability;
                (ii) individuals in schools, daycare centers, mobile 
            home parks, prisons, nursing homes and other long-term care 
            facilities, and detention centers;
                (iii) individuals with limited-English proficiency;
                (iv) the elderly; and
                (v) individuals who are tourists, seasonal workers, or 
            homeless;
            (C) the sharing of information and other public 
        communications with evacuees during evacuations;
            (D) the sheltering of evacuees, including the care, 
        protection, and sheltering of animals;
            (E) the return of evacuees to their homes; and
            (F) such other items the Administrator considers 
        appropriate.
        (2) Design, construction, maintenance, and repair.--In revising 
    or issuing guidance under subsection (a)(2), the Administrator of 
    the Federal Highway Administration shall consider--
            (A) methods that assist evacuation routes to--
                (i) withstand likely risks to viability, including 
            flammability and hydrostatic forces;
                (ii) improve durability, strength (including the 
            ability to withstand tensile stresses and compressive 
            stresses), and sustainability; and
                (iii) provide for long-term cost savings;
            (B) the ability of evacuation routes to effectively manage 
        contraflow operations;
            (C) for evacuation routes on public lands, the viewpoints 
        of the applicable Federal land management agency regarding 
        emergency operations, sustainability, and resource protection; 
        and
            (D) such other items the Administrator of the Federal 
        Highway Administration considers appropriate.
    (c) Study.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration and State, local, 
territorial, and Indian tribal governments, may--
        (1) conduct a study of the adequacy of available evacuation 
    routes to accommodate the flow of evacuees; and
        (2) submit recommendations on how to help with anticipated 
    evacuation route flow, based on the study conducted under paragraph 
    (1), to--
            (A) the Federal Highway Administration;
            (B) the Agency;
            (C) State, local, territorial, and Indian tribal 
        governments; and
            (D) Congress.
SEC. 1210. DUPLICATION OF BENEFITS.
    (a) In General.--
        (1) Authority.--Section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155(b)) is 
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) Waiver of general prohibition.--
            ``(A) In general.--The President may waive the general 
        prohibition provided in subsection (a) upon request of a 
        Governor on behalf of the State or on behalf of a person, 
        business concern, or any other entity suffering losses as a 
        result of a major disaster or emergency, if the President finds 
        such waiver is in the public interest and will not result in 
        waste, fraud, or abuse. In making this decision, the President 
        may consider the following:
                ``(i) The recommendations of the Administrator of the 
            Federal Emergency Management Agency made in consultation 
            with the Federal agency or agencies administering the 
            duplicative program.
                ``(ii) If a waiver is granted, the assistance to be 
            funded is cost effective.
                ``(iii) Equity and good conscience.
                ``(iv) Other matters of public policy considered 
            appropriate by the President.
            ``(B) Grant or denial of waiver.--A request under 
        subparagraph (A) shall be granted or denied not later than 45 
        days after submission of such request.
            ``(C) Prohibition on determination that loan is a 
        duplication.--Notwithstanding subsection (c), in carrying out 
        subparagraph (A), the President may not determine that a loan 
        is a duplication of assistance, provided that all Federal 
        assistance is used toward a loss suffered as a result of the 
        major disaster or emergency.''.
        (2) Limitation.--This subsection, including the amendment made 
    by paragraph (1), shall not be construed to apply to section 406 or 
    408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172, 5174).
        (3) Applicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall 
    apply to any major disaster or emergency declared by the President 
    under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) 
    between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021.
        (4) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155(b)) is 
    amended by striking paragraph (4), as added by subsection (a)(1) of 
    this section.
        (5) Report.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with 
        other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the 
        congressional committees of jurisdiction a report conducted by 
        all relevant Federal agencies to improve the comprehensive 
        delivery of disaster assistance to individuals following a 
        major disaster or emergency declaration under the Robert T. 
        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
            (B) Contents.--The report required under subparagraph (A) 
        shall include both administrative actions taken, or planned to 
        be taken, by the agencies as well as legislative proposals, 
        where appropriate, of the following:
                (i) Efforts to improve coordination between the Agency 
            and other relevant Federal agencies when delivering 
            disaster assistance to individuals.
                (ii) Clarify the sequence of delivery of disaster 
            assistance to individuals from the Agency, and other 
            relevant Federal agencies.
                (iii) Clarify the interpretation and implementation of 
            section 312 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
            Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155) when providing 
            disaster assistance to individuals, including providing a 
            common interpretation across the Agency, and other relevant 
            Federal agencies, of the definitions and requirements under 
            such section 312.
                (iv) Increase the effectiveness of communication to 
            applicants for assistance programs for individuals after a 
            disaster declaration, including the breadth of programs 
            available and the potential impacts of utilizing one 
            program versus another.
            (C) Report update.--Not later than 4 years after the date 
        of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator, in 
        coordination with other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit 
        to the congressional committees of jurisdiction an update to 
        the report required under subparagraph (A).
    (b) Funding of a Federally Authorized Water Resources Development 
Project.--
        (1) Eligible activities.--Notwithstanding section 312 of the 
    Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
    U.S.C. 5155) and its implementing regulations, assistance provided 
    pursuant to section 404 of such Act may be used to fund activities 
    authorized for construction within the scope of a federally 
    authorized water resources development project of the Army Corps of 
    Engineers if such activities are also eligible activities under 
    such section.
        (2) Federal funding.--All Federal funding provided under 
    section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward the 
    Federal share of such project.
        (3) Non-federal match.--All non-Federal matching funds required 
    under section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward 
    the non-Federal share of such project.
        (4) Total federal share.--Funding provided under section 404 
    pursuant to this section may not exceed the total Federal share for 
    such project.
        (5) No effect.--Nothing in this section shall--
            (A) affect the cost-share requirement of a hazard 
        mitigation measure under section 404;
            (B) affect the eligibility criteria for a hazard mitigation 
        measure under section 404;
            (C) affect the cost share requirements of a federally 
        authorized water resources development project; and
            (D) affect the responsibilities of a non-Federal interest 
        with respect to the project, including those related to the 
        provision of lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredge material 
        disposal areas, and necessary relocations.
        (6) Limitation.--If a federally authorized water resources 
    development project of the Army Corps of Engineers is constructed 
    with funding provided under section 404 pursuant to this 
    subsection, no further Federal funding shall be provided for 
    construction of such project.
SEC. 1211. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE FOR DIRECT TEMPORARY 
HOUSING AND PERMANENT HOUSING CONSTRUCTION.
    (a) State Role.--Section 408(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(f)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) by striking the paragraph heading and inserting 
        ``State- or indian tribal government-administered assistance 
        and other needs assistance.--'';
            (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting 
            ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e) if the President 
            and the State or Indian tribal government comply, as 
            determined by the Administrator, with paragraph (3)''; and
            (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting 
            ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e)''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Requirements.--
            ``(A) Application.--A State or Indian tribal government 
        desiring to provide assistance under subsection (c)(1)(B), 
        (c)(4), or (e) shall submit to the President an application for 
        a grant to provide financial assistance under the program.
            ``(B) Criteria.--The President, in consultation and 
        coordination with State and Indian tribal governments, shall 
        establish criteria for the approval of applications submitted 
        under subparagraph (A). The criteria shall include, at a 
        minimum--
                ``(i) a requirement that the State or Indian tribal 
            government submit a housing strategy under subparagraph 
            (C);
                ``(ii) the demonstrated ability of the State or Indian 
            tribal government to manage the program under this section;
                ``(iii) there being in effect a plan approved by the 
            President as to how the State or Indian tribal government 
            will comply with applicable Federal laws and regulations 
            and how the State or Indian tribal government will provide 
            assistance under its plan;
                ``(iv) a requirement that the State or Indian tribal 
            government comply with rules and regulations established 
            pursuant to subsection (j); and
                ``(v) a requirement that the President, or the designee 
            of the President, comply with subsection (i).
            ``(C) Requirement of housing strategy.--
                ``(i) In general.--A State or Indian tribal government 
            submitting an application under this paragraph shall have 
            an approved housing strategy, which shall be developed and 
            submitted to the President for approval.
                ``(ii) Requirements.--The housing strategy required 
            under clause (i) shall--

                    ``(I) outline the approach of the State in working 
                with Federal partners, Indian tribal governments, local 
                communities, nongovernmental organizations, and 
                individual disaster survivors to meet disaster-related 
                sheltering and housing needs; and
                    ``(II) include the establishment of an activation 
                plan for a State Disaster Housing Task Force, as 
                outlined in the National Disaster Housing Strategy, to 
                bring together State, tribal, local, Federal, 
                nongovernmental, and private sector expertise to 
                evaluate housing requirements, consider potential 
                solutions, recognize special needs populations, and 
                propose recommendations.

            ``(D) Quality assurance.--Before approving an application 
        submitted under this section, the President, or the designee of 
        the President, shall institute adequate policies, procedures, 
        and internal controls to prevent waste, fraud, abuse, and 
        program mismanagement for this program and for programs under 
        subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). The President shall 
        monitor and conduct quality assurance activities on a State or 
        Indian tribal government's implementation of programs under 
        subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). If, after approving an 
        application of a State or Indian tribal government submitted 
        under this paragraph, the President determines that the State 
        or Indian tribal government is not administering the program 
        established by this section in a manner satisfactory to the 
        President, the President shall withdraw the approval.
            ``(E) Audits.--The Inspector General of the Department of 
        Homeland Security shall provide for periodic audits of the 
        programs administered by States and Indian tribal governments 
        under this subsection.
            ``(F) Applicable laws.--All Federal laws applicable to the 
        management, administration, or contracting of the programs by 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency under this section 
        shall be applicable to the management, administration, or 
        contracting by a non-Federal entity under this section.
            ``(G) Report on effectiveness.--Not later than 18 months 
        after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Inspector 
        General of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit a 
        report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the State or 
        Indian tribal government's role to provide assistance under 
        this section. The report shall contain an assessment of the 
        effectiveness of the State or Indian tribal government's role 
        in providing assistance under this section, including--
                ``(i) whether the State or Indian tribal government's 
            role helped to improve the general speed of disaster 
            recovery;
                ``(ii) whether the State or Indian tribal government 
            providing assistance under this section had the capacity to 
            administer this section; and
                ``(iii) recommendations for changes to improve the 
            program if the State or Indian tribal government's role to 
            administer the programs should be continued.
            ``(H) Report on incentives.--Not later than 12 months after 
        the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator of 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report 
        to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
        of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on a potential 
        incentive structure for awards made under this section to 
        encourage participation by eligible States and Indian tribal 
        governments. In developing this report, the Administrator of 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall consult with 
        State, local, and Indian tribal entities to gain their input on 
        any such incentive structure to encourage participation and 
        shall include this information in the report. This report 
        should address, among other options, potential adjustments to 
        the cost-share requirement and management costs to State and 
        Indian tribal governments.
            ``(I) Prohibition.--The President may not condition the 
        provision of Federal assistance under this Act on a State or 
        Indian tribal government requesting a grant under this section.
            ``(J) Miscellaneous.--
                ``(i) Notice and comment.--The Administrator of the 
            Federal Emergency Management Agency may waive notice and 
            comment rulemaking with respect to rules to carry out this 
            section, if the Administrator determines doing so is 
            necessary to expeditiously implement this section, and may 
            carry out this section as a pilot program until such 
            regulations are promulgated.
                ``(ii) Final rule.--Not later than 2 years after the 
            date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator of 
            the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall issue final 
            regulations to implement this subsection as amended by the 
            Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018.
                ``(iii) Waiver and expiration.--The authority under 
            clause (i) and any pilot program implemented pursuant to 
            such clause shall expire 2 years after the date of 
            enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of final 
            regulations pursuant to clause (ii), whichever occurs 
            sooner.''.
    (b) Reimbursement.--The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 
shall reimburse State and local units of government (for requests 
received within a period of 3 years after the declaration of a major 
disaster under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170)) upon determination that 
a locally implemented housing solution, implemented by State or local 
units of government--
        (1) costs 50 percent of comparable FEMA solution or whatever 
    the locally implemented solution costs, whichever is lower;
        (2) complies with local housing regulations and ordinances; and
        (3) the housing solution was implemented within 90 days of the 
    disaster.
SEC. 1212. ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS.
    Section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, excluding financial 
    assistance to rent alternate housing accommodations under 
    subsection (c)(1)(A)(i) and financial assistance to address other 
    needs under subsection (e)'' after ``disaster'';
        (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
        (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
        ``(2) Other needs assistance.--The maximum financial assistance 
    any individual or household may receive under subsection (e) shall 
    be equivalent to the amount set forth in paragraph (1) with respect 
    to a single major disaster.'';
        (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by striking 
    ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2)''; and
        (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) the 
    following:
        ``(4) Exclusion of necessary expenses for individuals with 
    disabilities.--
            ``(A) In general.--The maximum amount of assistance 
        established under paragraph (1) shall exclude expenses to 
        repair or replace damaged accessibility-related improvements 
        under paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (c) for 
        individuals with disabilities.
            ``(B) Other needs assistance.--The maximum amount of 
        assistance established under paragraph (2) shall exclude 
        expenses to repair or replace accessibility-related personal 
        property under subsection (e)(2) for individuals with 
        disabilities.''.
SEC. 1213. MULTIFAMILY LEASE AND REPAIR ASSISTANCE.
    (a) Lease and Repair of Rental Units for Temporary Housing.--
Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II)) is 
amended to read as follows:

                    ``(II) Improvements or repairs.--Under the terms of 
                any lease agreement for property entered into under 
                this subsection, the value of the improvements or 
                repairs shall be deducted from the value of the lease 
                agreement.''.

    (b) Rental Properties Impacted.--Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa) of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa)) is amended to read as follows:
                        ``(aa) enter into lease agreements with owners 
                    of multifamily rental property impacted by a major 
                    disaster or located in areas covered by a major 
                    disaster declaration to house individuals and 
                    households eligible for assistance under this 
                    section; and''.
    (c) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the 
Department of Homeland Security shall--
        (1) assess the use of the authority provided under section 
    408(c)(1)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)), as amended by 
    this division, including the adequacy of any benefit-cost analysis 
    done to justify the use of this alternative; and
        (2) submit a report on the results of the assessment conducted 
    under paragraph (1) to the appropriate committees of Congress.
SEC. 1214. PRIVATE NONPROFIT FACILITY.
    Section 102(11)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(B)) is amended by 
inserting ``food banks,'' after ``shelter workshops,''.
SEC. 1215. MANAGEMENT COSTS.
    Section 324 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5165b) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``any administrative expense, 
    and any other expense not directly chargeable to'' and inserting 
    ``any direct administrative cost, and any other administrative 
    expense associated with''; and
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the 
        following:
        ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
            (B) in paragraph (1), as added by subparagraph (A), by 
        striking ``establish'' and inserting ``implement''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Specific management costs.--The Administrator of the 
    Federal Emergency Management Agency shall provide the following 
    percentage rates, in addition to the eligible project costs, to 
    cover direct and indirect costs of administering the following 
    programs:
            ``(A) Hazard mitigation.--A grantee under section 404 may 
        be reimbursed not more than 15 percent of the total amount of 
        the grant award under such section of which not more than 10 
        percent may be used by the grantee and 5 percent by the 
        subgrantee for such costs.
            ``(B) Public assistance.--A grantee under sections 403, 
        406, 407, and 502 may be reimbursed not more than 12 percent of 
        the total award amount under such sections, of which not more 
        than 7 percent may be used by the grantee and 5 percent by the 
        subgrantee for such costs.''.
SEC. 1216. FLEXIBILITY.
    (a) Waiver Authority.--
        (1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``covered 
    assistance'' means assistance provided--
            (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174); and
            (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared 
        by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the 
        Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after October 28, 2012.
        (2) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, 
    United States Code, the Administrator--
            (A) subject to subparagraph (B), may waive a debt owed to 
        the United States related to covered assistance provided to an 
        individual or household if--
                (i) the covered assistance was distributed based on an 
            error by the Agency;
                (ii) there was no fault on behalf of the debtor; and
                (iii) the collection of the debt would be against 
            equity and good conscience; and
            (B) may not waive a debt under subparagraph (A) if the debt 
        involves fraud, the presentation of a false claim, or 
        misrepresentation by the debtor or any party having an interest 
        in the claim.
        (3) Monitoring of covered assistance distributed based on 
    error.--
            (A) In general.--The Inspector General of the Department of 
        Homeland Security shall monitor the distribution of covered 
        assistance to individuals and households to determine the 
        percentage of such assistance distributed based on an error.
            (B) Removal of waiver authority based on excessive error 
        rate.--If the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
        Security determines, with respect to any 12-month period, that 
        the amount of covered assistance distributed based on an error 
        by the Agency exceeds 4 percent of the total amount of covered 
        assistance distributed--
                (i) the Inspector General shall notify the 
            Administrator and publish the determination in the Federal 
            Register; and
                (ii) with respect to any major disaster or emergency 
            declared by the President under section 401 or section 501, 
            respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
            Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191) 
            after the date on which the determination is published 
            under subparagraph (A), the authority of the Administrator 
            to waive debt under paragraph (2) shall no longer be 
            effective.
    (b) Recoupment of Certain Assistance Prohibited.--
        (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, 
    United States Code, and unless there is evidence of civil or 
    criminal fraud, the Agency may not take any action to recoup 
    covered assistance from the recipient of such assistance if the 
    receipt of such assistance occurred on a date that is more than 3 
    years before the date on which the Agency first provides to the 
    recipient written notification of an intent to recoup.
        (2) Covered assistance defined.--In this subsection, the term 
    ``covered assistance'' means assistance provided--
            (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174); and
            (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared 
        by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of 
        such Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191) on or after January 
        1, 2012.
    (c)  Statute of Limitations.--
        (1) In general.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)(1)--
                (i) by striking ``Except'' and inserting 
            ``Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, United 
            States Code, and except''; and
                (ii) by striking ``report for the disaster or 
            emergency'' and inserting ``report for project completion 
            as certified by the grantee''; and
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``report for the 
            disaster or emergency'' and inserting ``report for project 
            completion as certified by the grantee''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``for project 
            completion as certified by the grantee'' after ``final 
            expenditure report''.
        (2) Applicability.--
            (A) In general.--With respect to disaster or emergency 
        assistance provided to a State or local government on or after 
        January 1, 2004--
                (i) no administrative action may be taken to recover a 
            payment of such assistance after the date of enactment of 
            this Act if the action is prohibited under section 
            705(a)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
            Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205(a)(1)), as amended 
            by paragraph (1); and
                (ii) any administrative action to recover a payment of 
            such assistance that is pending on such date of enactment 
            shall be terminated if the action is prohibited under 
            section 705(a)(1) of that Act, as amended by paragraph (1).
            (B) Limitation.--This section, including the amendments 
        made by this section, may not be construed to invalidate or 
        otherwise affect any administration action completed before the 
        date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1217. ADDITIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE.
    (a) Disaster Mitigation.--Section 209 of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3149) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(e) Disaster Mitigation.--In providing assistance pursuant to 
subsection (c)(2), if appropriate and as applicable, the Secretary may 
encourage hazard mitigation in assistance provided pursuant to such 
subsection.''.
    (b) Emergency Management Assistance Compact Grants.--Section 661(d) 
of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 
761(d)) is amended by striking ``for fiscal year 2008'' and inserting 
``for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
    (c) Emergency Management Performance Grants Program.--Section 
662(f) of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 
U.S.C. 762(f)) is amended by striking ``the program'' and all that 
follows through ``2012'' and inserting ``the program, for each of 
fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
    (d) Technical Amendment.--Section 403(a)(3) of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170b(a)(3)) is amended by striking the second subparagraph (J).
SEC. 1218. NATIONAL VETERINARY EMERGENCY TEAMS.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency may establish one or more national veterinary 
emergency teams at accredited colleges of veterinary medicine.
    (b) Responsibilities.--A national veterinary emergency team shall--
        (1) deploy with a team of the National Urban Search and Rescue 
    Response System to assist with--
            (A) veterinary care of canine search teams;
            (B) locating and treating companion animals, service 
        animals, livestock, and other animals; and
            (C) surveillance and treatment of zoonotic diseases;
        (2) recruit, train, and certify veterinary professionals, 
    including veterinary students, in accordance with an established 
    set of plans and standard operating guidelines to carry out the 
    duties associated with planning for and responding to major 
    disasters and emergencies as described in paragraph (1);
        (3) assist State governments, Indian tribal governments, local 
    governments, and nonprofit organizations in developing emergency 
    management and evacuation plans that account for the care and 
    rescue of animals and in improving local readiness for providing 
    veterinary medical response during an emergency or major disaster; 
    and
        (4) coordinate with the Department of Homeland Security, the 
    Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of 
    Agriculture, State, local, and Indian tribal governments (including 
    departments of animal and human health), veterinary and health care 
    professionals, and volunteers.
SEC. 1219. RIGHT OF ARBITRATION.
    Section 423 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189a) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(d) Right of Arbitration.--
        ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding this section, an applicant 
    for assistance under this title may request arbitration to dispute 
    the eligibility for assistance or repayment of assistance provided 
    for a dispute of more than $500,000 for any disaster that occurred 
    after January 1, 2016. Such arbitration shall be conducted by the 
    Civilian Board of Contract Appeals and the decision of such Board 
    shall be binding.
        ``(2) Review.--The Civilian Board of Contract Appeals shall 
    consider from the applicant all original and additional 
    documentation, testimony, or other such evidence supporting the 
    applicant's position at any time during arbitration.
        ``(3) Rural areas.--For an applicant for assistance in a rural 
    area under this title, the assistance amount eligible for 
    arbitration pursuant to this subsection shall be $100,000.
        ``(4) Rural area defined.--For the purposes of this subsection, 
    the term `rural area' means an area with a population of less than 
    200,000 outside an urbanized area.
        ``(5) Eligibility.--To participate in arbitration under this 
    subsection, an applicant--
            ``(A) shall submit the dispute to the arbitration process 
        established under the authority granted under section 601 of 
        Public Law 111-5; and
            ``(B) may submit a request for arbitration after the 
        completion of the first appeal under subsection (a) at any time 
        before the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency has issued a final agency determination or 180 days 
        after the Administrator's receipt of the appeal if the 
        Administrator has not provided the applicant with a final 
        determination on the appeal. The applicant's request shall 
        contain documentation from the administrative record for the 
        first appeal and may contain additional documentation 
        supporting the applicant's position.''.
SEC. 1220. UNIFIED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION 
REVIEW.
    (a) Review and Analysis.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the Unified 
Federal Environmental and Historic Preservation review process 
established pursuant to section 429 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189g), and submit a 
report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate that includes the following:
        (1) An analysis of whether and how the unified process has 
    expedited the interagency review process to ensure compliance with 
    the environmental and historic requirements under Federal law 
    relating to disaster recovery projects.
        (2) A survey and analysis of categorical exclusions used by 
    other Federal agencies that may be applicable to any activity 
    related to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President 
    under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 
    5191).
        (3) Recommendations on any further actions, including any 
    legislative proposals, needed to expedite and streamline the review 
    process.
    (b) Regulations.--After completing the review, survey, and analyses 
under subsection (a), but not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and after providing notice and opportunity for 
public comment, the Administrator shall issue regulations to implement 
any regulatory recommendations, including any categorical exclusions 
identified under subsection (a), to the extent that the categorical 
exclusions meet the criteria for a categorical exclusion under section 
1508.4 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, and section II of DHS 
Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01.
SEC. 1221. CLOSEOUT INCENTIVES.
    (a) Facilitating Closeout.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Facilitating Closeout.--
        ``(1) Incentives.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
    Management Agency may develop incentives and penalties that 
    encourage State, local, or Indian tribal governments to close out 
    expenditures and activities on a timely basis related to disaster 
    or emergency assistance.
        ``(2) Agency requirements.--The Federal Emergency Management 
    Agency shall, consistent with applicable regulations and required 
    procedures, meet its responsibilities to improve closeout practices 
    and reduce the time to close disaster program awards.''.
    (b) Regulations.--The Administrator shall issue regulations to 
implement the amendment made by this section.
SEC. 1222. PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES.
    Section 306 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5149) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(c) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
is authorized to appoint temporary personnel, after serving 
continuously for 3 years, to positions in the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency in the same manner that competitive service employees 
with competitive status are considered for transfer, reassignment, or 
promotion to such positions. An individual appointed under this 
subsection shall become a career-conditional employee, unless the 
employee has already completed the service requirements for career 
tenure.''.
SEC. 1223. STUDY TO STREAMLINE AND CONSOLIDATE INFORMATION COLLECTION.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator--
        (1) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, the 
    Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster 
    Assistance Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors General 
    on Integrity and Efficiency, and other appropriate agencies, 
    conduct a study and develop a plan, consistent with law, under 
    which the collection of information from disaster assistance 
    applicants and grantees will be modified, streamlined, expedited, 
    efficient, flexible, consolidated, and simplified to be less 
    burdensome, duplicative, and time consuming for applicants and 
    grantees;
        (2) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, the 
    Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster 
    Assistance Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors General 
    on Integrity and Efficiency, and other appropriate agencies, 
    develop a plan for the regular collection and reporting of 
    information on Federal disaster assistance awarded, including the 
    establishment and maintenance of a website for presenting the 
    information to the public; and
        (3) submit the plans developed under paragraphs (1) and (2) to 
    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and 
    Governmental Affairs of the Senate.
SEC. 1224. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.
    Title IV of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``SEC. 430. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.
    ``(a) Public Assistance.--Not later than 5 days after an award of a 
public assistance grant is made under section 406 that is in excess of 
$1,000,000, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency the specifics of each such grant award, including--
        ``(1) identifying the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
    Region;
        ``(2) the disaster or emergency declaration number;
        ``(3) the State, county, and applicant name;
        ``(4) if the applicant is a private nonprofit organization;
        ``(5) the damage category code;
        ``(6) the amount of the Federal share obligated; and
        ``(7) the date of the award.
    ``(b) Mission Assignments.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 5 days after the issuance of 
    a mission assignment or mission assignment task order, the 
    Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall 
    publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
    any mission assignment or mission assignment task order to another 
    Federal department or agency regarding a major disaster in excess 
    of $1,000,000, including--
            ``(A) the name of the impacted State or Indian Tribe;
            ``(B) the disaster declaration for such State or Indian 
        Tribe;
            ``(C) the assigned agency;
            ``(D) the assistance requested;
            ``(E) a description of the disaster;
            ``(F) the total cost estimate;
            ``(G) the amount obligated;
            ``(H) the State or Indian tribal government cost share, if 
        applicable;
            ``(I) the authority under which the mission assignment or 
        mission assignment task order was directed; and
            ``(J) if applicable, the date a State or Indian Tribe 
        requested the mission assignment.
        ``(2) Recording changes.--Not later than 10 days after the last 
    day of each month until a mission assignment or mission assignment 
    task order described in paragraph (1) is completed and closed out, 
    the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall 
    update any changes to the total cost estimate and the amount 
    obligated.
    ``(c) Disaster Relief Monthly Report.--Not later than 10 days after 
the first day of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency reports, including a specific description of the 
methodology and the source data used in developing such reports, 
including--
        ``(1) an estimate of the amounts for the fiscal year covered by 
    the President's most recent budget pursuant to section 1105(a) of 
    title 31, United States Code, including--
            ``(A) the unobligated balance of funds to be carried over 
        from the prior fiscal year to the budget year;
            ``(B) the unobligated balance of funds to be carried over 
        from the budget year to the budget year plus 1;
            ``(C) the amount of obligations for noncatastrophic events 
        for the budget year;
            ``(D) the amount of obligations for the budget year for 
        catastrophic events delineated by event and by State;
            ``(E) the total amount that has been previously obligated 
        or will be required for catastrophic events delineated by event 
        and by State for all prior years, the current fiscal year, the 
        budget year, and each fiscal year thereafter;
            ``(F) the amount of previously obligated funds that will be 
        recovered for the budget year;
            ``(G) the amount that will be required for obligations for 
        emergencies, as described in section 102(1), major disasters, 
        as described in section 102(2), fire management assistance 
        grants, as described in section 420, surge activities, and 
        disaster readiness and support activities; and
            ``(H) the amount required for activities not covered under 
        section 251(b)(2)(D)(iii) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
        Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(D)(iii)); and
        ``(2) an estimate or actual amounts, if available, of the 
    following for the current fiscal year, which shall be submitted not 
    later than the fifth day of each month, published by the 
    Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency on the 
    website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency not later than 
    the fifth day of each month:
            ``(A) A summary of the amount of appropriations made 
        available by source, the transfers executed, the previously 
        allocated funds recovered, and the commitments, allocations, 
        and obligations made.
            ``(B) A table of disaster relief activity delineated by 
        month, including--
                ``(i) the beginning and ending balances;
                ``(ii) the total obligations to include amounts 
            obligated for fire assistance, emergencies, surge, and 
            disaster support activities;
                ``(iii) the obligations for catastrophic events 
            delineated by event and by State; and
                ``(iv) the amount of previously obligated funds that 
            are recovered.
            ``(C) A summary of allocations, obligations, and 
        expenditures for catastrophic events delineated by event.
            ``(D) The cost of the following categories of spending:
                ``(i) Public assistance.
                ``(ii) Individual assistance.
                ``(iii) Mitigation.
                ``(iv) Administrative.
                ``(v) Operations.
                ``(vi) Any other relevant category (including emergency 
            measures and disaster resources) delineated by disaster.
            ``(E) The date on which funds appropriated will be 
        exhausted.
    ``(d) Contracts.--
        ``(1) Information.--Not later than 10 days after the first day 
    of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
    Management Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal 
    Emergency Management Agency the specifics of each contract in 
    excess of $1,000,000 that the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
    enters into, including--
            ``(A) the name of the party;
            ``(B) the date the contract was awarded;
            ``(C) the amount and scope of the contract;
            ``(D) if the contract was awarded through a competitive 
        bidding process;
            ``(E) if no competitive bidding process was used, the 
        reason why competitive bidding was not used; and
            ``(F) the authority used to bypass the competitive bidding 
        process.
    The information shall be delineated by disaster, if applicable, and 
    specify the damage category code, if applicable.
        ``(2) Report.--Not later than 10 days after the last day of the 
    fiscal year, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
    Agency shall provide a report to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress summarizing the following information for the preceding 
    fiscal year:
            ``(A) The number of contracts awarded without competitive 
        bidding.
            ``(B) The reasons why a competitive bidding process was not 
        used.
            ``(C) The total amount of contracts awarded with no 
        competitive bidding.
            ``(D) The damage category codes, if applicable, for 
        contracts awarded without competitive bidding.
    ``(e) Collection of Public Assistance Recipient and Subrecipient 
Contracts.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal 
    Emergency Management Agency shall initiate and maintain an effort 
    to collect and store information, prior to the project closeout 
    phase on any contract entered into by a public assistance recipient 
    or subrecipient that through the base award, available options, or 
    any subsequent modifications has an estimated value of more than 
    $1,000,000 and is funded through section 324, 403, 404, 406, 407, 
    428, or 502, including--
            ``(A) the disaster number, project worksheet number, and 
        the category of work associated with each contract;
            ``(B) the name of each party;
            ``(C) the date the contract was awarded;
            ``(D) the amount of the contract;
            ``(E) the scope of the contract;
            ``(F) the period of performance for the contract; and
            ``(G) whether the contract was awarded through a 
        competitive bidding process.
        ``(2) Availability of information collected.--The Administrator 
    of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall make the 
    information collected and stored under paragraph (1) available to 
    the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security, the 
    Government Accountability Office, and appropriate committees of 
    Congress, upon request.
        ``(3) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of 
    enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal 
    Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to the Committee 
    on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives on the efforts of the Federal Emergency Management 
    Agency to collect the information described in paragraph (1).''.
SEC. 1225. AUDIT OF CONTRACTS.
    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall not reimburse a State or 
local government, an Indian tribal government (as defined in section 
102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5122), or the owner or operator of a private nonprofit 
facility (as defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122) for any activities 
made pursuant to a contract entered into after August 1, 2017, that 
prohibits the Administrator or the Comptroller General of the United 
States from auditing or otherwise reviewing all aspects relating to the 
contract.
SEC. 1226. INSPECTOR GENERAL AUDIT OF FEMA CONTRACTS FOR TARPS AND 
PLASTIC SHEETING.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
Security shall initiate an audit of the contracts awarded by the Agency 
for tarps and plastic sheeting for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and 
the United States Virgin Islands in response to Hurricane Irma and 
Hurricane Maria.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the audit under subsection 
(a), the inspector general shall review--
        (1) the contracting process used by the Agency to evaluate 
    offerors and award the relevant contracts to contractors;
        (2) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the past 
    performance of the contractors, including any historical 
    information showing that the contractors had supported large-scale 
    delivery quantities in the past;
        (3) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the capacity of 
    the contractors to carry out the relevant contracts, including with 
    respect to inventory, production, and financial capabilities;
        (4) how the Agency ensured that the contractors met the terms 
    of the relevant contracts; and
        (5) whether the failure of the contractors to meet the terms of 
    the relevant contracts and the subsequent cancellation by the 
    Agency of the relevant contracts affected the provision of tarps 
    and plastic sheeting to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the 
    United States Virgin Islands.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of initiation 
of the audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit 
to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate a report on the results of the audit, including 
findings and recommendations.
SEC. 1227. RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS.
    Section 309 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5152) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``and other relief or'' and 
    inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger relief, and 
    other relief, or''; and
        (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``and other relief or'' and 
    inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger relief, and 
    other relief, or''.
SEC. 1228. GUIDANCE ON INUNDATED AND SUBMERGED ROADS.
    The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in 
coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
Administration, shall develop and issue guidance for State, local, and 
Indian tribal governments regarding repair, restoration, and 
replacement of inundated and submerged roads damaged or destroyed by a 
major disaster, and for associated expenses incurred by the Government, 
with respect to roads eligible for assistance under section 406 of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5172).
SEC. 1229. EXTENSION OF ASSISTANCE.
    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the 
case of an individual eligible to receive unemployment assistance under 
section 410(a) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5177(a)) as a result of a disaster 
declaration made for Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria in the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands, the 
President shall make such assistance available for 52 weeks after the 
date of the disaster declaration effective as if enacted at the time of 
the disaster declaration.
    (b) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are 
authorized to carry out the requirements of this section.
SEC. 1230. GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
    (a) Guidance.--The Administrator shall provide guidance to a common 
interest community that provides essential services of a governmental 
nature on actions that a common interest community may take in order to 
be eligible to receive reimbursement from a grantee that receives funds 
from the Agency for certain activities performed after an event that 
results in a major disaster declared by the President under section 401 
of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5170).
    (b) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate a legislative proposal on how to provide eligibility for 
disaster assistance with respect to common areas of condominiums and 
housing cooperatives.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1231. GUIDANCE ON HAZARD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall issue guidance regarding 
the acquisition of property for open space as a mitigation measure 
under section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) that includes--
        (1) a process by which the State hazard mitigation officer 
    appointed for such an acquisition shall, not later than 60 days 
    after the applicant for assistance enters into an agreement with 
    the Administrator regarding the acquisition, provide written 
    notification to each affected unit of local government for such 
    acquisition that includes--
            (A) the location of the acquisition;
            (B) the State-local assistance agreement for the hazard 
        mitigation grant program;
            (C) a description of the acquisition; and
            (D) a copy of the deed restriction; and
        (2) recommendations for entering into and implementing a 
    memorandum of understanding between units of local government and 
    covered entities that includes provisions to allow an affected unit 
    of local government notified under paragraph (1) to--
            (A) use and maintain the open space created by such a 
        project, consistent with section 404 (including related 
        regulations, standards, and guidance) and consistent with all 
        adjoining property, subject to the notification of the 
        adjoining property, so long as the cost of the maintenance is 
        borne by the local government; and
            (B) maintain the open space pursuant to standards exceeding 
        any local government standards defined in the agreement with 
        the Administrator described under paragraph (1).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Affected unit of local government.--The term ``affected 
    unit of local government'' means any entity covered by the 
    definition of local government in section 102 of the Robert T. 
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
    5122), that has jurisdiction over the property subject to the 
    acquisition described in subsection (a).
        (2) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
            (A) the grantee or subgrantee receiving assistance for an 
        open space project described in subsection (a);
            (B) the State in which such project is located; and
            (C) the applicable Regional Administrator of the Agency.
SEC. 1232. LOCAL IMPACT.
    (a) In General.--In making recommendations to the President 
regarding a major disaster declaration, the Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency shall give greater consideration to 
severe local impact or recent multiple disasters. Further, the 
Administrator shall make corresponding adjustments to the Agency's 
policies and regulations regarding such consideration. Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator 
shall report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the changes made to regulations 
and policies and the number of declarations that have been declared 
based on the new criteria.
    (b) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1233. ADDITIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.
    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c), as amended by this division, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Use of Assistance for Earthquake Hazards.--Recipients of 
hazard mitigation assistance provided under this section and section 
203 may use the assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the 
risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area 
affected by earthquake hazards, including--
        ``(1) improvements to regional seismic networks in support of 
    building a capability for earthquake early warning;
        ``(2) improvements to geodetic networks in support of building 
    a capability for earthquake early warning; and
        ``(3) improvements to seismometers, Global Positioning System 
    receivers, and associated infrastructure in support of building a 
    capability for earthquake early warning.''.
SEC. 1234. NATIONAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PREDISASTER HAZARD 
MITIGATION.
    (a) Predisaster Hazard Mitigation.--Section 203 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) 
is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c) by inserting ``Public Infrastructure'' 
    after ``the National'';
        (2) in subsection (e)(1)(B)--
            (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
            (B) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(iv) to establish and carry out enforcement 
            activities and implement the latest published editions of 
            relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and 
            standards that incorporate the latest hazard-resistant 
            designs and establish minimum acceptable criteria for the 
            design, construction, and maintenance of residential 
            structures and facilities that may be eligible for 
            assistance under this Act for the purpose of protecting the 
            health, safety, and general welfare of the buildings' users 
            against disasters.'';
        (3) in subsection (f)--
            (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``for mitigation 
        activities that are cost effective'' after ``competitive 
        basis''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Redistribution of unobligated amounts.--The President 
    may--
            ``(A) withdraw amounts of financial assistance made 
        available to a State (including amounts made available to local 
        governments of a State) under this subsection that remain 
        unobligated by the end of the third fiscal year after the 
        fiscal year for which the amounts were allocated; and
            ``(B) in the fiscal year following a fiscal year in which 
        amounts were withdrawn under subparagraph (A), add the amounts 
        to any other amounts available to be awarded on a competitive 
        basis pursuant to paragraph (1).'';
        (4) in subsection (g)--
            (A) by inserting ``provide financial assistance only in 
        States that have received a major disaster declaration in the 
        previous 7 years, or to any Indian tribal government located 
        partially or entirely within the boundaries of such States, 
        and'' after ``the President shall'';
            (B) in paragraph (9) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (C) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph (12); and
            (D) by adding after paragraph (9) the following:
        ``(10) the extent to which the State, local, Indian tribal, or 
    territorial government has facilitated the adoption and enforcement 
    of the latest published editions of relevant consensus-based codes, 
    specifications, and standards, including amendments made by State, 
    local, Indian tribal, or territorial governments during the 
    adoption process that incorporate the latest hazard-resistant 
    designs and establish criteria for the design, construction, and 
    maintenance of residential structures and facilities that may be 
    eligible for assistance under this Act for the purpose of 
    protecting the health, safety, and general welfare of the 
    buildings' users against disasters;
        ``(11) the extent to which the assistance will fund activities 
    that increase the level of resiliency; and'';
        (5) by striking subsection (i) and inserting the following:
    ``(i) National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation 
Assistance.--
        ``(1) In general.--The President may set aside from the 
    Disaster Relief Fund, with respect to each major disaster, an 
    amount equal to 6 percent of the estimated aggregate amount of the 
    grants to be made pursuant to sections 403, 406, 407, 408, 410, 
    416, and 428 for the major disaster in order to provide technical 
    and financial assistance under this section and such set aside 
    shall be deemed to be related to activities carried out pursuant to 
    major disasters under this Act.
        ``(2) Estimated aggregate amount.--Not later than 180 days 
    after each major disaster declaration pursuant to this Act, the 
    estimated aggregate amount of grants for purposes of paragraph (1) 
    shall be determined by the President and such estimated amount need 
    not be reduced, increased, or changed due to variations in 
    estimates.
        ``(3) No reduction in amounts.--The amount set aside pursuant 
    to paragraph (1) shall not reduce the amounts otherwise made 
    available for sections 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 410, 416, and 428 
    under this Act.''; and
        (6) by striking subsections (j) and (m);
        (7) by redesignating subsections (k), (l), and (n) as 
    subsections (j), (k), and (l), respectively and
        (8) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(m) Latest Published Editions.--For purposes of subsections 
(e)(1)(B)(iv) and (g)(10), the term `latest published editions' means, 
with respect to relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and 
standards, the 2 most recently published editions.''.
    (b) Applicability.--The amendments made to section 203 of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5133) by paragraphs (3) and (5) of subsection (a) shall apply to 
funds appropriated on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
        (1) all funding expended from the National Public 
    Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by Section 
    203(i)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133), as added by this section, shall 
    not be considered part of FEMA's regular appropriations for non-
    Stafford activities, also known as the Federal Emergency Management 
    Agency's Disaster Relief Fund base; and
        (2) the President should have the funds related to the National 
    Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by 
    Section 203(i)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133), as added by this 
    section, identified in and allocated from the Federal Emergency 
    Management Agency's Disaster Relief Fund for major disasters 
    declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).
    (d) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by 
striking subsection (m), as added by subsection (a)(8) of this section.
SEC. 1235. ADDITIONAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.
    (a) Hazard Mitigation Clarification.--Section 404(a) of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170c(a)) is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the 
following: ``The President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost 
of hazard mitigation measures which the President has determined are 
cost effective and which substantially reduce the risk of, or increase 
resilience to, future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area 
affected by a major disaster.''.
    (b) Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)(1)(A)) 
is amended--
        (1) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting after 
    ``section,'' the following: ``for disasters declared on or after 
    August 1, 2017, or a disaster in which a cost estimate has not yet 
    been finalized for a project, or for any project for which the 
    finalized cost estimate is on appeal,'';
        (2) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (3) in clause (ii)--
            (A) by striking ``codes, specifications, and standards'' 
        and inserting ``the latest published editions of relevant 
        consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards that 
        incorporate the latest hazard-resistant designs and establish 
        minimum acceptable criteria for the design, construction, and 
        maintenance of residential structures and facilities that may 
        be eligible for assistance under this Act for the purposes of 
        protecting the health, safety, and general welfare of a 
        facility's users against disasters'';
            (B) by striking ``applicable at the time at which the 
        disaster occurred''; and
            (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
        and''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(iii) in a manner that allows the facility to meet 
            the definition of resilient developed pursuant to this 
            subsection.''.
    (c) Other Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1) of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5172(e)(1)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) Contributions.--Contributions for the eligible cost 
        made under this section may be provided on an actual cost basis 
        or on cost-estimation procedures.''.
    (d) New Rules.--Section 406(e) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) New rules.--
            ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
        of enactment of this paragraph, the President, acting through 
        the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 
        and in consultation with the heads of relevant Federal 
        departments and agencies, shall issue a final rulemaking that 
        defines the terms `resilient' and `resiliency' for purposes of 
        this subsection.
            ``(B) Interim guidance.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall 
        issue interim guidance to implement this subsection. Such 
        interim guidance shall expire 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of final 
        regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), whichever occurs 
        first.
            ``(C) Guidance.--Not later than 90 days after the date on 
        which the Administrator issues the final rulemaking under this 
        paragraph, the Administrator shall issue any necessary guidance 
        related to the rulemaking.
            ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall submit to 
        Congress a report summarizing the regulations and guidance 
        issued pursuant to this paragraph.''.
    (e) Conforming Amendment.--Section 205(d)(2) of the Disaster 
Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 5172 note) is amended by inserting 
``(B)'' after ``except that paragraph (1)''.
SEC. 1236. GUIDANCE AND TRAINING BY FEMA ON COORDINATION OF EMERGENCY 
RESPONSE PLANS.
    (a) Training Requirement.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
other relevant agencies, shall provide guidance and training on an 
annual basis to State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first 
responders, and facilities that store hazardous materials on 
coordination of emergency response plans in the event of a major 
disaster or emergency, including severe weather events. The guidance 
and training shall include the following:
        (1) Providing a list of equipment required in the event a 
    hazardous substance is released into the environment.
        (2) Outlining the health risks associated with exposure to 
    hazardous substances to improve treatment response.
        (3) Publishing best practices for mitigating further danger to 
    communities from hazardous substances.
    (b) Implementation.--The requirement of subsection (a) shall be 
implemented not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act.
SEC. 1237. CERTAIN RECOUPMENT PROHIBITED.
    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Agency shall deem any covered disaster assistance to have been properly 
procured, provided, and utilized, and shall restore any funding of 
covered disaster assistance previously provided but subsequently 
withdrawn or deobligated.
    (b) Covered Disaster Assistance Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered disaster assistance'' means assistance--
        (1) provided to a local government pursuant to section 403, 
    406, or 407 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, or 5173); and
        (2) with respect to which the inspector general of the 
    Department of Homeland Security has determined, after an audit, 
    that--
            (A) the Agency deployed to the local government a Technical 
        Assistance Contractor to review field operations, provide 
        eligibility advice, and assist with day-to-day decisions;
            (B) the Technical Assistance Contractor provided inaccurate 
        information to the local government; and
            (C) the local government relied on the inaccurate 
        information to determine that relevant contracts were eligible, 
        reasonable, and reimbursable.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1238. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS AND 
NONPROFIT FACILITIES.
    (a) Critical Document Fee Waiver.--
        (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 1 of the Passport Act 
    of June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214) or any other provision of law, the 
    President, in consultation with the Governor of a State, may 
    provide a waiver under this subsection to an individual or 
    household described in section 408(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(e)(1)) 
    for the following document replacement fees:
            (A) The passport application fee for individuals who lost 
        their United States passport in a major disaster within the 
        preceding three calendar years.
            (B) The file search fee for a United States passport.
            (C) The Application for Waiver of Passport and/or Visa form 
        (Form I-193) fee.
            (D) The Permanent Resident Card replacement form (Form I-
        90) filing fee.
            (E) The Declaration of Intention form (Form N-300) filing 
        fee.
            (F) The Naturalization/Citizenship Document replacement 
        form (Form N-565) filing fee.
            (G) The Employment Authorization form (Form I-765) filing 
        fee.
            (H) The biometric service fee.
        (2) Exemption from form requirement.--The authority of the 
    President to waive fees under subparagraphs (C) through (H) of 
    paragraph (1) applies regardless of whether the individual or 
    household qualifies for a Form I-912 Request for Fee Waiver, or any 
    successor thereto.
        (3) Exemption from assistance maximum.--The assistance limit in 
    section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) shall not apply to any 
    fee waived under this subsection.
        (4) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of 
    enactment of this subsection, the Administrator and the head of any 
    other agency given critical document fee waiver authority under 
    this subsection shall submit a report to the Committee on Homeland 
    Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee 
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives on the costs associated with providing critical 
    document fee waivers as described in paragraph (1).
    (b) Federal Assistance to Private Nonprofit Childcare Facilities.--
Section 102(11)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(A)) is amended--
        (1) in the second subparagraph (A) (as added by Public Law 115-
    123), by inserting ``center-based childcare,'' after 
    ``facility),''; and
        (2) in the first subparagraph (A), by striking ``(a) in 
    general.--The term `private nonprofit facility' means private 
    nonprofit educational, utility'' and all that follows through 
    ``President.''.
    (c) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsection (b)(1) shall 
apply to any major disaster or emergency declared by the President 
under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on 
or after the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1239. COST OF ASSISTANCE ESTIMATES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the factors 
considered when evaluating a request for a major disaster declaration 
under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), specifically the estimated cost of the 
assistance, and provide a report and briefing to the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall review and initiate a rulemaking 
to update the factors considered when evaluating a Governor's request 
for a major disaster declaration, including reviewing how the Agency 
estimates the cost of major disaster assistance, and consider other 
impacts on the capacity of a jurisdiction to respond to disasters. In 
determining the capacity of a jurisdiction to respond to disasters, and 
prior to the issuance of such a rule, the Administrator shall engage in 
meaningful consultation with relevant representatives of State, 
regional, local, and Indian tribal government stakeholders.
SEC. 1240. REPORT ON INSURANCE SHORTFALLS.
    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, 
and each year thereafter until 2023, the Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to Congress on the 
number of instances and the estimated amounts involved, by State, for 
cases in which self-insurance amounts have been insufficient to address 
flood damages.
SEC. 1241. POST DISASTER BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT.
    (a) Building Safety Assessment Team.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall coordinate with State 
    and local governments and organizations representing design 
    professionals, such as architects and engineers, to develop 
    guidance, including best practices, for post-disaster assessment of 
    buildings by licensed architects and engineers to ensure the design 
    professionals properly analyze the structural integrity and 
    livability of buildings and structures.
        (2) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish the guidance 
    required to be developed under paragraph (1) not later than 1 year 
    after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) National Incident Management System.--The Administrator shall 
revise or issue guidance as required to the National Incident 
Management System Resource Management component to ensure the functions 
of post-disaster building safety assessment, such as those functions 
performed by design professionals are accurately resource typed within 
the National Incident Management System.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.
SEC. 1242. FEMA UPDATES ON NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS ASSESSMENT.
    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
and every 6 months thereafter until completion, the Administrator shall 
submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
of the Senate and the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure 
and Homeland Security of the House of Representatives an update on the 
progress of the Agency in completing action 6 with respect to the 
report published by the Government Accountability Office entitled 
``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce Duplication, Overlap and 
Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance Revenue'' (February 28, 
2012), which recommends the Agency to--
        (1) complete a national preparedness assessment of capability 
    gaps at each level based on tiered, capability-specific performance 
    objectives to enable prioritization of grant funding; and
        (2) identify the potential costs for establishing and 
    maintaining those capabilities at each level and determine what 
    capabilities Federal agencies should provide.
SEC. 1243. FEMA REPORT ON DUPLICATION IN NON-NATURAL DISASTER 
PREPAREDNESS GRANT PROGRAMS.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on 
Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a report on the results of the efforts of the Agency to 
identify and prevent unnecessary duplication within and across the non-
natural disaster preparedness grant programs of the Agency, as 
recommended in the report published by the Government Accountability 
Office entitled ``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce 
Duplication, Overlap and Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance 
Revenue'' (February 28, 2012), including with respect to--
        (1) the Urban Area Security Initiative established under 
    section 2003 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 604);
        (2) the Port Security Grant Program authorized under section 
    70107 of title 46, United States Code;
        (3) the State Homeland Security Grant Program established under 
    section 2004 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 605); 
    and
        (4) the Transit Security Grant Program authorized under titles 
    XIV and XV of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
    Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).
SEC. 1244. STUDY AND REPORT.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into a contract with the 
National Academy of Medicine to conduct a study and prepare a report as 
described in subsection (b).
    (b) Study and Report.--
        (1) Study.--
            (A) In general.--The study described in this subsection 
        shall be a study of matters concerning best practices in 
        mortality counts as a result of a major disaster (as defined in 
        section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122)).
            (B) Contents.--The study described in this subsection shall 
        address approaches to quantifying mortality and significant 
        morbidity among populations affected by major disasters, which 
        shall include best practices and policy recommendations for--
                (i) equitable and timely attribution, in order to 
            facilitate access to available benefits, among other 
            things;
                (ii) timely prospective tracking of population levels 
            of mortality and significant morbidity, and their causes, 
            in order to continuously inform response efforts; and
                (iii) a retrospective study of disaster-related 
            mortality and significant morbidity to inform after-action 
            analysis and improve subsequent preparedness efforts.
        (2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which the 
    contract described in subsection (a) is entered into, the National 
    Academy of Medicine shall complete and transmit to the 
    Administrator a report on the study described in paragraph (1).
    (c) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are 
authorized to carry out the requirements of this section.
SEC. 1245. REVIEW OF ASSISTANCE FOR DAMAGED UNDERGROUND WATER 
INFRASTRUCTURE.
    (a) Definition of Public Assistance Grant Program.--The term 
``public assistance grant program'' means the public assistance grant 
program authorized under sections 403, 406, 407, 428, and 502(a) of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, 5173, 5192(a)).
    (b) Review and Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
        (1) conduct a review of the assessment and eligibility process 
    under the public assistance grant program with respect to 
    assistance provided for damaged underground water infrastructure as 
    a result of a major disaster declared under section 401 of such Act 
    (42 U.S.C. 5170), including wildfires, and shall include the extent 
    to which local technical memoranda, prepared by a local unit of 
    government in consultation with the relevant State or Federal 
    agencies, identified damaged underground water infrastructure that 
    should be eligible for the public assistance grant program; and
        (2) provide to the Committee on Homeland Security and 
    Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a 
    briefing on the review conducted under paragraph (1).
    (c) Report and Recommendations.--The Administrator shall--
        (1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
    Act, issue a report on the review conducted under subsection 
    (b)(1); and
        (2) not later than 180 days after the date on which the 
    Administrator issues the report required under paragraph (1), 
    initiate a rulemaking, if appropriate, to address any 
    recommendations contained in the report.
SEC. 1246. EXTENSION.
    The Administrator shall extend the deadlines to implement the 
reasonable and prudent alternative outlined in the jeopardy biological 
opinion dated April 14, 2016, by up to 3 years from the date of 
enactment of this Act. Within 18 months from the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of 
the Senate; and the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on 
Natural Resources, and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the status 
of implementing these reasonable and prudent alternatives.

                      DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

SEC. 1301. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Concrete Masonry Products 
Research, Education, and Promotion Act of 2018''.
SEC. 1302. DECLARATION OF POLICY.
    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this division is to authorize the 
establishment of an orderly program for developing, financing, and 
carrying out an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of 
research, education, and promotion, including funds for marketing and 
market research activities, that is designed to--
        (1) strengthen the position of the concrete masonry products 
    industry in the domestic marketplace;
        (2) maintain, develop, and expand markets and uses for concrete 
    masonry products in the domestic marketplace; and
        (3) promote the use of concrete masonry products in 
    construction and building.
    (b) Limitation.--Nothing in this division may be construed to 
provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of 
any person to manufacture concrete masonry products.
SEC. 1303. DEFINITIONS.
    For the purposes of this division:
        (1) Block machine.--The term ``block machine'' means a piece of 
    equipment that utilizes vibration and compaction to form concrete 
    masonry products.
        (2) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Concrete Masonry 
    Products Board established under section 1305.
        (3) Cavity.--The term ``cavity'' means the open space in the 
    mold of a block machine capable of forming a single concrete 
    masonry unit having nominal plan dimensions of 8 inches by 16 
    inches.
        (4) Concrete masonry products.--The term ``concrete masonry 
    products'' refers to a broader class of products, including 
    concrete masonry units as well as hardscape products such as 
    concrete pavers and segmental retaining wall units, manufactured on 
    a block machine using dry-cast concrete.
        (5) Concrete masonry unit.--The term ``concrete masonry 
    unit''--
            (A) means a concrete masonry product that is a manmade 
        masonry unit having an actual width of 3 inches or greater and 
        manufactured from dry-cast concrete using a block machine; and
            (B) includes concrete block and related concrete units used 
        in masonry applications.
        (6) Conflict of interest.--The term ``conflict of interest'' 
    means, with respect to a member or employee of the Board, a 
    situation in which such member or employee has a direct or indirect 
    financial or other interest in a person that performs a service 
    for, or enters into a contract with, for anything of economic 
    value.
        (7) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department 
    of Commerce.
        (8) Dry-cast concrete.--The term ``dry-cast concrete'' means a 
    composite material that is composed essentially of aggregates 
    embedded in a binding medium composed of a mixture of cementitious 
    materials (including hydraulic cement, pozzolans, or other 
    cementitious materials) and water of such a consistency to maintain 
    its shape after forming in a block machine.
        (9) Education.--The term ``education'' means programs that will 
    educate or communicate the benefits of concrete masonry products in 
    safe and environmentally sustainable development, advancements in 
    concrete masonry product technology and development, and other 
    information and programs designed to generate increased demand for 
    commercial, residential, multifamily, and institutional projects 
    using concrete masonry products and to generally enhance the image 
    of concrete masonry products.
        (10) Machine cavities.--The term ``machine cavities'' means the 
    cavities with which a block machine could be equipped.
        (11) Machine cavities in operation.--The term ``machine 
    cavities in operation'' means those machine cavities associated 
    with a block machine that have produced concrete masonry units 
    within the last 6 months of the date set for determining 
    eligibility and is fully operable and capable of producing concrete 
    masonry units.
        (12) Manufacturer.--The term ``manufacturer'' means any person 
    engaged in the manufacturing of commercial concrete masonry 
    products in the United States.
        (13) Masonry unit.--The term ``masonry unit'' means a 
    noncombustible building product intended to be laid by hand or 
    joined using mortar, grout, surface bonding, post-tensioning or 
    some combination of these methods.
        (14) Order.--The term ``order'' means an order issued under 
    section 1304.
        (15) Person.--The term ``person'' means any individual, group 
    of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, 
    or any other entity.
        (16) Promotion.--The term ``promotion'' means any action, 
    including paid advertising, to advance the image and desirability 
    of concrete masonry products with the express intent of improving 
    the competitive position and stimulating sales of concrete masonry 
    products in the marketplace.
        (17) Research.--The term ``research'' means studies testing the 
    effectiveness of market development and promotion efforts, studies 
    relating to the improvement of concrete masonry products and new 
    product development, and studies documenting the performance of 
    concrete masonry.
        (18) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Commerce.
        (19) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the 
    several States and the District of Columbia.
SEC. 1304. ISSUANCE OF ORDERS.
    (a) In General.--
        (1) Issuance.--The Secretary, subject to the procedures 
    provided in subsection (b), shall issue orders under this division 
    applicable to manufacturers of concrete masonry products.
        (2) Scope.--Any order shall be national in scope.
        (3) One order.--Not more than 1 order shall be in effect at any 
    one time.
    (b) Procedures.--
        (1) Development or receipt of proposed order.--A proposed order 
    with respect to the generic research, education, and promotion with 
    regards to concrete masonry products may be--
            (A) proposed by the Secretary at any time; or
            (B) requested by or submitted to the Secretary by--
                (i) an existing national organization of concrete 
            masonry product manufacturers; or
                (ii) any person that may be affected by the issuance of 
            an order.
        (2) Publication of proposed order.--If the Secretary determines 
    that a proposed order received in accordance with paragraph (1)(B) 
    is consistent with and will effectuate the purpose of this 
    division, the Secretary shall publish such proposed order in the 
    Federal Register not later than 90 days after receiving the order, 
    and give not less than 30 days notice and opportunity for public 
    comment on the proposed order.
        (3) Issuance of order.--
            (A) In general.--After notice and opportunity for public 
        comment are provided in accordance with paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary shall issue the order, taking into consideration the 
        comments received and including in the order such provisions as 
        are necessary to ensure that the order is in conformity with 
        this division.
            (B) Effective date.--If there is an affirmative vote in a 
        referendum as provided in section 1307, the Secretary shall 
        issue the order and such order shall be effective not later 
        than 140 days after publication of the proposed order.
    (c) Amendments.--The Secretary may, from time to time, amend an 
order. The provisions of this division applicable to an order shall be 
applicable to any amendment to an order.
SEC. 1305. REQUIRED TERMS IN ORDERS.
    (a) In General.--Any order issued under this division shall contain 
the terms and provisions specified in this section.
    (b) Concrete Masonry Products Board.--
        (1) Establishment and membership.--
            (A) Establishment.--The order shall provide for the 
        establishment of a Concrete Masonry Products Board to carry out 
        a program of generic promotion, research, and education 
        regarding concrete masonry products.
            (B) Membership.--
                (i) Number of members.--The Board shall consist of not 
            fewer than 15 and not more than 25 members.
                (ii) Appointment.--The members of the Board shall be 
            appointed by the Secretary from nominations submitted as 
            provided in the order.
                (iii) Composition.--The Board shall consist of 
            manufacturers. No employee of an industry trade 
            organization exempt from tax under paragraph (3) or (6) of 
            section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
            representing the concrete masonry industry or related 
            industries shall serve as a member of the Board and no 
            member of the Board may serve concurrently as an officer of 
            the board of directors of a national concrete masonry 
            products industry trade association. Only 2 individuals 
            from any single company or its affiliates may serve on the 
            Board at any one time.
        (2) Distribution of appointments.--
            (A) Representation.--To ensure fair and equitable 
        representation of the concrete masonry products industry, the 
        composition of the Board shall reflect the geographical 
        distribution of the manufacture of concrete masonry products in 
        the United States, the types of concrete masonry products 
        manufactured, and the range in size of manufacturers in the 
        United States.
            (B) Adjustment in board representation.--Three years after 
        the assessment of concrete masonry products commences pursuant 
        to an order, and at the end of each 3-year period thereafter, 
        the Board, subject to the review and approval of the Secretary, 
        shall, if warranted, recommend to the Secretary the 
        reapportionment of the Board membership to reflect changes in 
        the geographical distribution of the manufacture of concrete 
        masonry products and the types of concrete masonry products 
        manufactured.
        (3) Nominations process.--The Secretary may make appointments 
    from nominations by manufacturers pursuant to the method set forth 
    in the order.
        (4) Failure to appoint.--If the Secretary fails to make an 
    appointment to the Board within 60 days of receiving nominations 
    for such appointment, the first nominee for such appointment shall 
    be deemed appointed, unless the Secretary provides reasonable 
    justification for the delay to the Board and to Congress and 
    provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval will be 
    made.
        (5) Alternates.--The order shall provide for the selection of 
    alternate members of the Board by the Secretary in accordance with 
    procedures specified in the order.
        (6) Terms.--
            (A) In general.--The members and any alternates of the 
        Board shall each serve for a term of 3 years, except that 
        members and any alternates initially appointed to the Board 
        shall serve for terms of not more than 2, 3, and 4 years, as 
        specified by the order.
            (B) Limitation on consecutive terms.--A member or an 
        alternate may serve not more than 2 consecutive terms.
            (C) Continuation of term.--Notwithstanding subparagraph 
        (B), each member or alternate shall continue to serve until a 
        successor is appointed by the Secretary.
            (D) Vacancies.--A vacancy arising before the expiration of 
        a term of office of an incumbent member or alternate of the 
        Board shall be filled in a manner provided for in the order.
        (7) Disqualification from board service.--The order shall 
    provide that if a member or alternate of the Board who was 
    appointed as a manufacturer ceases to qualify as a manufacturer, 
    such member or alternate shall be disqualified from serving on the 
    Board.
        (8) Compensation.--
            (A) In general.--Members and any alternates of the Board 
        shall serve without compensation.
            (B) Travel expenses.--If approved by the Board, members or 
        alternates shall be reimbursed for reasonable travel expenses, 
        which may include per diem allowance or actual subsistence 
        incurred while away from their homes or regular places of 
        business in the performance of services for the Board.
    (c) Powers and Duties of the Board.--The order shall specify the 
powers and duties of the Board, including the power and duty--
        (1) to administer the order in accordance with its terms and 
    conditions and to collect assessments;
        (2) to develop and recommend to the Secretary for approval such 
    bylaws as may be necessary for the functioning of the Board and 
    such rules as may be necessary to administer the order, including 
    activities authorized to be carried out under the order;
        (3) to meet, organize, and select from among members of the 
    Board a chairperson, other officers, and committees and 
    subcommittees, as the Board determines appropriate;
        (4) to establish regional organizations or committees to 
    administer regional initiatives;
        (5) to establish working committees of persons other than Board 
    members;
        (6) to employ such persons, other than the members, as the 
    Board considers necessary, and to determine the compensation and 
    specify the duties of the persons;
        (7) to prepare and submit for the approval of the Secretary, 
    before the beginning of each fiscal year, rates of assessment under 
    section 1306 and an annual budget of the anticipated expenses to be 
    incurred in the administration of the order, including the probable 
    cost of each promotion, research, and information activity proposed 
    to be developed or carried out by the Board;
        (8) to borrow funds necessary for the startup expenses of the 
    order;
        (9) to carry out generic research, education, and promotion 
    programs and projects relating to concrete masonry products, and to 
    pay the costs of such programs and projects with assessments 
    collected under section 1306;
        (10) subject to subsection (e), to enter into contracts or 
    agreements to develop and carry out programs or projects of 
    research, education, and promotion relating to concrete masonry 
    products;
        (11) to keep minutes, books, and records that reflect the 
    actions and transactions of the Board, and promptly report minutes 
    of each Board meeting to the Secretary;
        (12) to receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary 
    complaints of violations of the order;
        (13) to furnish the Secretary with such information as the 
    Secretary may request;
        (14) to recommend to the Secretary such amendments to the order 
    as the Board considers appropriate; and
        (15) to provide the Secretary with advance notice of meetings 
    to permit the Secretary, or the representative of the Secretary, to 
    attend the meetings.
    (d) Programs and Projects; Budgets; Expenses.--
        (1) Programs and projects.--
            (A) In general.--The order shall require the Board to 
        submit to the Secretary for approval any program or project of 
        research, education, or promotion relating to concrete masonry 
        products.
            (B) Statement required.--Any educational or promotional 
        activity undertaken with funds provided by the Board shall 
        include a statement that such activities were supported in 
        whole or in part by the Board.
        (2) Budgets.--
            (A) Submission.--The order shall require the Board to 
        submit to the Secretary for approval a budget of the 
        anticipated expenses and disbursements of the Board in the 
        implementation of the order, including the projected costs of 
        concrete masonry products research, education, and promotion 
        programs and projects.
            (B) Timing.--The budget shall be submitted before the 
        beginning of a fiscal year and as frequently as may be 
        necessary after the beginning of the fiscal year.
            (C) Approval.--If the Secretary fails to approve or reject 
        a budget within 60 days of receipt, such budget shall be deemed 
        approved, unless the Secretary provides to the Board and to 
        Congress, in writing, reasonable justification for the delay 
        and provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval 
        will be made.
        (3) Administrative expenses.--
            (A) Incurring expenses.--The Board may incur the expenses 
        described in paragraph (2) and other expenses for the 
        administration, maintenance, and functioning of the Board as 
        authorized by the Secretary.
            (B) Payment of expenses.--Expenses incurred under 
        subparagraph (A) shall be paid by the Board using assessments 
        collected under section 1306, earnings obtained from 
        assessments, and other income of the Board. Any funds borrowed 
        by the Board shall be expended only for startup costs and 
        capital outlays.
            (C) Limitation on spending.--For fiscal years beginning 3 
        or more years after the date of the establishment of the Board, 
        the Board may not expend for administration (except for 
        reimbursement to the Secretary required under subparagraph 
        (D)), maintenance, and functioning of the Board in a fiscal 
        year an amount that exceeds 10 percent of the assessment and 
        other income received by the Board for the fiscal year.
            (D) Reimbursement of secretary.--The order shall require 
        that the Secretary be reimbursed by the Board from assessments 
        for all expenses incurred by the Secretary in the 
        implementation, administration, and supervision of the order, 
        including all referenda costs incurred in connection with the 
        order.
    (e) Contracts and Agreements.--
        (1) In general.--The order shall provide that, with the 
    approval of the Secretary, the Board may--
            (A) enter into contracts and agreements to carry out 
        generic research, education, and promotion programs and 
        projects relating to concrete masonry products, including 
        contracts and agreements with manufacturer associations or 
        other entities as considered appropriate by the Secretary;
            (B) enter into contracts and agreements for administrative 
        services; and
            (C) pay the cost of approved generic research, education, 
        and promotion programs and projects using assessments collected 
        under section 1306, earnings obtained from assessments, and 
        other income of the Board.
        (2) Requirements.--Each contract or agreement shall provide 
    that any person who enters into the contract or agreement with the 
    Board shall--
            (A) develop and submit to the Board a proposed program or 
        project together with a budget that specifies the cost to be 
        incurred to carry out the program or project;
            (B) keep accurate records of all transactions relating to 
        the contract or agreement;
            (C) account for funds received and expended in connection 
        with the contract or agreement;
            (D) make periodic reports to the Board of activities 
        conducted under the contract or agreement; and
            (E) make such other reports as the Board or the Secretary 
        considers relevant.
        (3) Failure to approve.--If the Secretary fails to approve or 
    reject a contract or agreement entered into under paragraph (1) 
    within 60 days of receipt, the contract or agreement shall be 
    deemed approved, unless the Secretary provides to the Board and to 
    Congress, in writing, reasonable justification for the delay and 
    provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval will be 
    made.
    (f) Books and Records of Board.--
        (1) In general.--The order shall require the Board to--
            (A) maintain such books and records (which shall be 
        available to the Secretary for inspection and audit) as the 
        Secretary may require;
            (B) collect and submit to the Secretary, at any time the 
        Secretary may specify, any information the Secretary may 
        request; and
            (C) account for the receipt and disbursement of all funds 
        in the possession, or under the control, of the Board.
        (2) Audits.--The order shall require the Board to have--
            (A) the books and records of the Board audited by an 
        independent auditor at the end of each fiscal year; and
            (B) a report of the audit submitted directly to the 
        Secretary.
    (g) Prohibited Activities.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Board shall not 
    engage in any program or project to, nor shall any funds received 
    by the Board under this division be used to--
            (A) influence legislation, elections, or governmental 
        action;
            (B) engage in an action that would be a conflict of 
        interest;
            (C) engage in advertising that is false or misleading;
            (D) engage in any promotion, research, or education that 
        would be disparaging to other construction materials; or
            (E) engage in any promotion or project that would benefit 
        any individual manufacturer.
        (2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) does not preclude--
            (A) the development and recommendation of amendments to the 
        order;
            (B) the communication to appropriate government officials 
        of information relating to the conduct, implementation, or 
        results of research, education, and promotion activities under 
        the order except communications described in paragraph (1)(A); 
        or
            (C) any lawful action designed to market concrete masonry 
        products directly to a foreign government or political 
        subdivision of a foreign government.
    (h) Periodic Evaluation.--The order shall require the Board to 
provide for the independent evaluation of all research, education, and 
promotion programs or projects undertaken under the order, beginning 5 
years after the date of enactment of this Act and every 3 years 
thereafter. The Board shall submit to the Secretary and make available 
to the public the results of each such evaluation.
    (i) Objectives.--The Board shall establish annual research, 
education, and promotion objectives and performance metrics for each 
fiscal year subject to approval by the Secretary.
    (j) Biennial Report.--Every 2 years the Board shall prepare and 
make publicly available a comprehensive and detailed report that 
includes an identification and description of all programs and projects 
undertaken by the Board during the previous 2 years as well as those 
planned for the subsequent 2 years and detail the allocation or planned 
allocation of Board resources for each such program or project. Such 
report shall also include--
        (1) the overall financial condition of the Board;
        (2) a summary of the amounts obligated or expended during the 2 
    preceding fiscal years; and
        (3) a description of the extent to which the objectives of the 
    Board were met according to the metrics required under subsection 
    (i).
    (k) Books and Records of Persons Covered by Order.--
        (1) In general.--The order shall require that manufacturers 
    shall--
            (A) maintain records sufficient to ensure compliance with 
        the order and regulations; and
            (B) make the records described in subparagraph (A) 
        available, during normal business hours, for inspection by 
        employees or agents of the Board or the Department.
        (2) Time requirement.--Any record required to be maintained 
    under paragraph (1) shall be maintained for such time period as the 
    Secretary may prescribe.
        (3) Confidentiality of information.--
            (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        paragraph, trade secrets and commercial or financial 
        information that is privileged or confidential reported to, or 
        otherwise obtained by the Board or the Secretary (or any 
        representative of the Board or the Secretary) under this 
        division shall not be disclosed by any officers, employees, and 
        agents of the Department or the Board.
            (B) Suits and hearings.--Information referred to in 
        subparagraph (A) may be disclosed only if--
                (i) the Secretary considers the information relevant; 
            and
                (ii) the information is revealed in a judicial 
            proceeding or administrative hearing brought at the 
            direction or on the request of the Secretary or to which 
            the Secretary or any officer of the Department is a party.
            (C) General statements and publications.--This paragraph 
        does not prohibit--
                (i) the issuance of general statements based on reports 
            or on information relating to a number of persons subject 
            to an order if the statements do not identify the 
            information furnished by any person; or
                (ii) the publication, by direction of the Secretary, of 
            the name of any person violating any order and a statement 
            of the particular provisions of the order violated by the 
            person.
            (D) Penalty.--Any officer, employee, or agent of the 
        Department of Commerce or any officer, employee, or agent of 
        the Board who willfully violates this paragraph shall be fined 
        not more than $1,000 and imprisoned for not more than 1 year, 
        or both.
        (4) Withholding information.--This subsection does not 
    authorize the withholding of information from Congress.
SEC. 1306. ASSESSMENTS.
    (a) Assessments.--The order shall provide that assessments shall be 
paid by a manufacturer if the manufacturer has manufactured concrete 
masonry products during a period of at least 180 days prior to the date 
the assessment is to be remitted.
    (b) Collection.--
        (1) In general.--Assessments required under the order shall be 
    remitted by the manufacturer to the Board in the manner prescribed 
    by the order.
        (2) Timing.--The order shall provide that assessments required 
    under the order shall be remitted to the Board not less frequently 
    than quarterly.
        (3) Records.--As part of the remittance of assessments, 
    manufacturers shall identify the total amount due in assessments on 
    all sales receipts, invoices or other commercial documents of sale 
    as a result of the sale of concrete masonry units in a manner as 
    prescribed by the Board to ensure compliance with the order.
    (c) Assessment Rates.--With respect to assessment rates, the order 
shall contain the following terms:
        (1) Initial rate.--The assessment rate on concrete masonry 
    products shall be $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
        (2) Changes in the rate.--
            (A) Authority to change rate.--The Board shall have the 
        authority to change the assessment rate. A two-thirds majority 
        of voting members of the Board shall be required to approve a 
        change in the assessment rate.
            (B) Limitation on increases.--An increase or decrease in 
        the assessment rate with respect to concrete masonry products 
        may not exceed $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
            (C) Maximum rate.--The assessment rate shall not be in 
        excess of $0.05 per concrete masonry unit.
            (D) Limitation on frequency of changes.--The assessment 
        rate may not be increased or decreased more than once annually.
    (d) Late-Payment and Interest Charges.--
        (1) In general.--Late-payment and interest charges may be 
    levied on each person subject to the order who fails to remit an 
    assessment in accordance with subsection (b).
        (2) Rate.--The rate for late-payment and interest charges shall 
    be specified by the Secretary.
    (e) Investment of Assessments.--Pending disbursement of assessments 
under a budget approved by the Secretary, the Board may invest 
assessments collected under this section in--
        (1) obligations of the United States or any agency of the 
    United States;
        (2) general obligations of any State or any political 
    subdivision of a State;
        (3) interest-bearing accounts or certificates of deposit of 
    financial institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve 
    System; or
        (4) obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest 
    by the United States.
    (f) Assessment Funds for Regional Initiatives.--
        (1) In general.--The order shall provide that not less than 50 
    percent of the assessments (less administration expenses) paid by a 
    manufacturer shall be used to support research, education, and 
    promotion programs and projects in support of the geographic region 
    of the manufacturer.
        (2) Geographic regions.--The order shall provide for the 
    following geographic regions:
            (A) Region I shall comprise Connecticut, Delaware, the 
        District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New 
        Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, 
        Vermont, and West Virginia.
            (B) Region II shall comprise Alabama, Florida, Georgia, 
        Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and 
        Virginia.
            (C) Region III shall comprise Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
        Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, 
        South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
            (D) Region IV shall comprise Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, 
        Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
            (E) Region V shall comprise Alaska, California, Colorado, 
        Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 
        Wyoming.
        (3) Adjustment of geographic regions.--The order shall provide 
    that the Secretary may, upon recommendation of the Board, modify 
    the composition of the geographic regions described in paragraph 
    (2).
SEC. 1307. REFERENDA.
    (a) Initial Referendum.--
        (1) Referendum required.--During the 60-day period immediately 
    preceding the proposed effective date of the order issued under 
    section 1304, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among 
    manufacturers eligible under subsection (b)(2) subject to 
    assessments under section 1306.
        (2) Approval of order needed.--The order shall become effective 
    only if the Secretary determines that the order has been approved 
    by a majority of manufacturers voting who also represent a majority 
    of the machine cavities in operation of those manufacturers voting 
    in the referendum.
    (b) Votes Permitted.--
        (1) In general.--Each manufacturer eligible to vote in a 
    referendum conducted under this section shall be entitled to cast 1 
    vote.
        (2) Eligibility.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a manufacturer 
    shall be considered to be eligible to vote if the manufacturer has 
    manufactured concrete masonry products during a period of at least 
    180 days prior to the first day of the period during which voting 
    in the referendum will occur.
    (c) Manner of Conducting Referenda.--
        (1) In general.--Referenda conducted pursuant to this section 
    shall be conducted in a manner determined by the Secretary.
        (2) Advance registration.--A manufacturer who chooses to vote 
    in any referendum conducted under this section shall register with 
    the Secretary prior to the voting period, after receiving notice 
    from the Secretary concerning the referendum under paragraph (4).
        (3) Voting.--The Secretary shall establish procedures for 
    voting in any referendum conducted under this section. The ballots 
    and other information or reports that reveal or tend to reveal the 
    identity or vote of voters shall be strictly confidential.
        (4) Notice.--Not later than 30 days before a referendum is 
    conducted under this section with respect to an order, the 
    Secretary shall notify all manufacturers, in such a manner as 
    determined by the Secretary, of the period during which voting in 
    the referendum will occur. The notice shall explain any 
    registration and voting procedures established under this 
    subsection.
    (d) Subsequent Referenda.--If an order is approved in a referendum 
conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall conduct a 
subsequent referendum--
        (1) at the request of the Board, subject to the voting 
    requirements of subsections (b) and (c), to ascertain whether 
    eligible manufacturers favor suspension, termination, or 
    continuance of the order; or
        (2) effective beginning on the date that is 5 years after the 
    date of the approval of the order, and at 5-year intervals 
    thereafter, at the request of 25 percent or more of the total 
    number of persons eligible to vote under subsection (b).
    (e) Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result of a referendum 
conducted under subsection (d), the Secretary determines that 
suspension or termination of the order is favored by a majority of all 
votes cast in the referendum as provided in subsection (a)(2), the 
Secretary shall--
        (1) not later than 180 days after the referendum, suspend or 
    terminate, as appropriate, collection of assessments under the 
    order; and
        (2) suspend or terminate, as appropriate, programs and projects 
    under the order as soon as practicable and in an orderly manner.
    (f) Costs of Referenda.--The Board established under an order with 
respect to which a referendum is conducted under this section shall 
reimburse the Secretary from assessments for any expenses incurred by 
the Secretary to conduct the referendum.
SEC. 1308. PETITION AND REVIEW.
    (a) Petition.--
        (1) In general.--A person subject to an order issued under this 
    division may file with the Secretary a petition--
            (A) stating that the order, any provision of the order, or 
        any obligation imposed in connection with the order, is not 
        established in accordance with law; and
            (B) requesting a modification of the order or an exemption 
        from the order.
        (2) Hearing.--The Secretary shall give the petitioner an 
    opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with 
    regulations issued by the Secretary.
        (3) Ruling.--After the hearing, the Secretary shall make a 
    ruling on the petition. The ruling shall be final, subject to 
    review as set forth in subsection (b).
        (4) Limitation on petition.--Any petition filed under this 
    subsection challenging an order, any provision of the order, or any 
    obligation imposed in connection with the order, shall be filed not 
    less than 2 years after the effective date of the order, provision, 
    or obligation subject to challenge in the petition.
    (b) Review.--
        (1) Commencement of action.--The district courts of the United 
    States in any district in which a person who is a petitioner under 
    subsection (a) resides or conducts business shall have jurisdiction 
    to review the ruling of the Secretary on the petition of the 
    person, if a complaint requesting the review is filed no later than 
    30 days after the date of the entry of the ruling by the Secretary.
        (2) Process.--Service of process in proceedings under this 
    subsection shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules 
    of Civil Procedure.
        (3) Remands.--If the court in a proceeding under this 
    subsection determines that the ruling of the Secretary on the 
    petition of the person is not in accordance with law, the court 
    shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions--
            (A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be 
        in accordance with law; or
            (B) to take such further action as, in the opinion of the 
        court, the law requires.
    (c) Enforcement.--The pendency of proceedings instituted under this 
section shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the 
Secretary from obtaining relief under section 1309.
SEC. 1309. ENFORCEMENT.
    (a) Jurisdiction.--A district court of the United States shall have 
jurisdiction to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from 
violating, this division or an order or regulation issued by the 
Secretary under this division.
    (b) Referral to Attorney General.--A civil action authorized to be 
brought under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General of 
the United States for appropriate action.
    (c) Civil Penalties and Orders.--
        (1) Civil penalties.--A person who willfully violates an order 
    or regulation issued by the Secretary under this division may be 
    assessed by the Secretary a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 
    for each violation.
        (2) Separate offense.--Each violation and each day during which 
    there is a failure to comply with an order or regulation issued by 
    the Secretary shall be considered to be a separate offense.
        (3) Cease-and-desist orders.--In addition to, or in lieu of, a 
    civil penalty, the Secretary may issue an order requiring a person 
    to cease and desist from violating the order or regulation.
        (4) Notice and hearing.--No order assessing a penalty or cease-
    and-desist order may be issued by the Secretary under this 
    subsection unless the Secretary provides notice and an opportunity 
    for a hearing on the record with respect to the violation.
        (5) Finality.--An order assessing a penalty or a cease-and-
    desist order issued under this subsection by the Secretary shall be 
    final and conclusive unless the person against whom the order is 
    issued files an appeal from the order with the appropriate district 
    court of the United States.
    (d) Additional Remedies.--The remedies provided in this division 
shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may 
be available.
SEC. 1310. INVESTIGATION AND POWER TO SUBPOENA.
    (a) Investigations.--The Secretary may conduct such investigations 
as the Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration 
of this division, or to determine whether any person has engaged or is 
engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this division or 
any order or regulation issued under this division.
    (b) Subpoenas, Oaths, and Affirmations.--
        (1) Investigations.--For the purpose of conducting an 
    investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer 
    oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance 
    of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any 
    records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of the 
    records may be required from any place in the United States.
        (2) Administrative hearings.--For the purpose of an 
    administrative hearing held under section 1308(a)(2) or section 
    1309(c)(4), the presiding officer may administer oaths and 
    affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of 
    witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records 
    that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and 
    the production of the records may be required from any place in the 
    United States.
    (c) Aid of Courts.--
        (1) In general.--In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to 
    obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b) to, any person, the 
    Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States 
    within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or proceeding is 
    conducted, or where the person resides or conducts business, in 
    order to enforce a subpoena issued under subsection (b).
        (2) Order.--The court may issue an order requiring the person 
    referred to in paragraph (1) to comply with a subpoena referred to 
    in paragraph (1).
        (3) Failure to obey.--Any failure to obey the order of the 
    court may be punished by the court as a contempt of court.
        (4) Process.--Process in any proceeding under this subsection 
    may be served in the United States judicial district in which the 
    person being proceeded against resides or conducts business, or 
    wherever the person may be found.
SEC. 1311. SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION.
    (a) Mandatory Suspension or Termination.--The Secretary shall 
suspend or terminate an order or a provision of an order if the 
Secretary finds that an order or provision of an order obstructs or 
does not tend to effectuate the purpose of this division, or if the 
Secretary determines that the order or a provision of an order is not 
favored by a majority of all votes cast in the referendum as provided 
in section 1307(a)(2).
    (b) Implementation of Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result 
of a referendum conducted under section 1307, the Secretary determines 
that the order is not approved, the Secretary shall--
        (1) not later than 180 days after making the determination, 
    suspend or terminate, as the case may be, collection of assessments 
    under the order; and
        (2) as soon as practicable, suspend or terminate, as the case 
    may be, activities under the order in an orderly manner.
SEC. 1312. AMENDMENTS TO ORDERS.
    The provisions of this division applicable to the order shall be 
applicable to any amendment to the order, except that section 1308 
shall not apply to an amendment.
SEC. 1313. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.
    This division shall not affect or preempt any other Federal or 
State law authorizing research, education, and promotion relating to 
concrete masonry products.
SEC. 1314. REGULATIONS.
    The Secretary may issue such regulations as may be necessary to 
carry out this division and the power vested in the Secretary under 
this division.
SEC. 1315. LIMITATION ON EXPENDITURES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.
    Funds appropriated to carry out this division may not be used for 
the payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in 
administering the order.
SEC. 1316. LIMITATIONS ON OBLIGATION OF FUNDS.
    (a) In General.--In each fiscal year of the covered period, the 
Board may not obligate an amount greater than the sum of--
        (1) 73 percent of the amount of assessments estimated to be 
    collected under section 1306 in such fiscal year;
        (2) 73 percent of the amount of assessments actually collected 
    under section 1306 in the most recent fiscal year for which an 
    audit report has been submitted under section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of 
    the beginning of the fiscal year for which the amount that may be 
    obligated is being determined, less the estimate made pursuant to 
    paragraph (1) for such most recent fiscal year; and
        (3) amounts permitted in preceding fiscal years to be obligated 
    pursuant to this subsection that have not been obligated.
    (b) Excess Amounts Deposited in Escrow Account.--Assessments 
collected under section 1306 in excess of the amount permitted to be 
obligated under subsection (a) in a fiscal year shall be deposited in 
an escrow account for the duration of the covered period.
    (c) Treatment of Amounts in Escrow Account.--During the covered 
period, the Board may not obligate, expend, or borrow against amounts 
required under subsection (b) to be deposited in the escrow account. 
Any interest earned on such amounts shall be deposited in the escrow 
account and shall be unavailable for obligation for the duration of the 
covered period.
    (d) Release of Amounts in Escrow Account.--After the covered 
period, the Board may withdraw and obligate in any fiscal year an 
amount in the escrow account that does not exceed \1/5\ of the amount 
in the escrow account on the last day of the covered period.
    (e) Special Rule for Estimates for Particular Fiscal Years.--
        (1) Rule.--For purposes of subsection (a)(1), the amount of 
    assessments estimated to be collected under section 1306 in a 
    fiscal year specified in paragraph (2) shall be equal to 62 percent 
    of the amount of assessments actually collected under such section 
    in the most recent fiscal year for which an audit report has been 
    submitted under section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of the beginning of the 
    fiscal year for which the amount that may be obligated is being 
    determined.
        (2) Fiscal years specified.--The fiscal years specified in this 
    paragraph are the 9th and 10th fiscal years that begin on or after 
    the date of enactment of this Act.
    (f) Covered Period Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
period'' means the period that begins on the date of enactment of this 
Act and ends on the last day of the 11th fiscal year that begins on or 
after such date of enactment.
SEC. 1317. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.
    Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare a study, and not 
later than 8 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General shall submit to Congress and the Secretary a 
report, examining--
        (1) how the Board spends assessments collected;
        (2) the extent to which the reported activities of the Board 
    help achieve the annual objectives of the Board;
        (3) any changes in demand for concrete masonry products 
    relative to other building materials;
        (4) any impact of the activities of the Board on the market 
    share of competing products;
        (5) any impact of the activities of the Board on the overall 
    size of the market for building products;
        (6) any impact of the activities of the Board on the total 
    number of concrete-masonry-related jobs, including manufacturing, 
    sales, and installation;
        (7) any significant effects of the activities of the Board on 
    downstream purchasers of concrete masonry products and real 
    property into which concrete masonry products are incorporated;
        (8) effects on prices of concrete masonry products as a result 
    of the activities of the Board;
        (9) the cost to the Federal Government of an increase in 
    concrete masonry product prices, if any, as a result of the program 
    established by this division;
        (10) the extent to which key statutory requirements are met;
        (11) the extent and strength of Federal oversight of the 
    program established by this division;
        (12) the appropriateness of administering the program from 
    within the Office of the Secretary of Commerce and the 
    appropriateness of administering the program from within any 
    division of the Department, including whether the Department has 
    the expertise, knowledge, or other capabilities necessary to 
    adequately administer the program; and
        (13) any other topic that the Comptroller General considers 
    appropriate.
SEC. 1318. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall prepare a study and submit to Congress a report 
examining the appropriateness and effectiveness of applying the 
commodity check-off program model (such as those programs established 
under the Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996 (7 
U.S.C. 7411 et seq.)) to a nonagricultural industry, taking into 
account the program established by this division and any other check-
off program involving a nonagricultural industry.

                     DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

SEC. 1401. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Better Utilization of 
Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018'' or the ``BUILD Act of 
2018''.
SEC. 1402. DEFINITIONS.
    In this division:
        (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
    ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate; and
            (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
        (2) Less developed country.--The term ``less developed 
    country'' means a country with a low-income economy, lower-middle-
    income economy, or upper-middle-income economy, as defined by the 
    International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the 
    International Development Association (collectively referred to as 
    the ``World Bank'').
        (3) Predecessor authority.--The term ``predecessor authority'' 
    means authorities repealed by title VI.
        (4) Qualifying sovereign entity.--The term ``qualifying 
    sovereign entity'' means--
            (A) any agency or instrumentality of a foreign state (as 
        defined in section 1603 of title 28, United States Code) that 
        has a purpose that is similar to the purpose of the Corporation 
        as described in section 1412(b); or
            (B) any international financial institution (as defined in 
        section 1701(c) of the International Financial Institutions Act 
        (22 U.S.C. 262r(c))).

                         TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

SEC. 1411. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
    It is the policy of the United States to facilitate market-based 
private sector development and inclusive economic growth in less 
developed countries through the provision of credit, capital, and other 
financial support--
        (1) to mobilize private capital in support of sustainable, 
    broad-based economic growth, poverty reduction, and development 
    through demand-driven partnerships with the private sector that 
    further the foreign policy interests of the United States;
        (2) to finance development that builds and strengthens civic 
    institutions, promotes competition, and provides for public 
    accountability and transparency;
        (3) to help private sector actors overcome identifiable market 
    gaps and inefficiencies without distorting markets;
        (4) to achieve clearly defined economic and social development 
    outcomes;
        (5) to coordinate with institutions with purposes similar to 
    the purposes of the Corporation to leverage resources of those 
    institutions to produce the greatest impact;
        (6) to provide countries a robust alternative to state-directed 
    investments by authoritarian governments and United States 
    strategic competitors using best practices with respect to 
    transparency and environmental and social safeguards, and which 
    take into account the debt sustainability of partner countries;
        (7) to leverage private sector capabilities and innovative 
    development tools to help countries transition from recipients of 
    bilateral development assistance toward increased self-reliance; 
    and
        (8) to complement and be guided by overall United States 
    foreign policy, development, and national security objectives, 
    taking into account the priorities and needs of countries receiving 
    support.
SEC. 1412. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.
    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the executive branch 
the United States International Development Finance Corporation (in 
this division referred to as the ``Corporation''), which shall be a 
wholly owned Government corporation for purposes of chapter 91 of title 
31, United States Code, under the foreign policy guidance of the 
Secretary of State.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Corporation shall be to mobilize 
and facilitate the participation of private sector capital and skills 
in the economic development of less developed countries, as described 
in subsection (c), and countries in transition from nonmarket to market 
economies, in order to complement the development assistance 
objectives, and advance the foreign policy interests, of the United 
States. In carrying out its purpose, the Corporation, utilizing broad 
criteria, shall take into account in its financing operations the 
economic and financial soundness and development objectives of projects 
for which it provides support under title II.
    (c) Less Developed Country Focus.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation shall prioritize the provision 
    of support under title II in less developed countries with a low-
    income economy or a lower-middle-income economy.
        (2) Support in upper-middle-income countries.--The Corporation 
    shall restrict the provision of support under title II in a less 
    developed country with an upper-middle-income economy unless--
            (A) the President certifies to the appropriate 
        congressional committees that such support furthers the 
        national economic or foreign policy interests of the United 
        States; and
            (B) such support is designed to produce significant 
        developmental outcomes or provide developmental benefits to the 
        poorest population of that country.
SEC. 1413. MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATION.
    (a) Structure of Corporation.--There shall be in the Corporation a 
Board of Directors (in this division referred to as the ``Board''), a 
Chief Executive Officer, a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Risk 
Officer, a Chief Development Officer, and such other officers as the 
Board may determine.
    (b) Board of Directors.--
        (1) Duties.--All powers of the Corporation shall vest in and be 
    exercised by or under the authority of the Board. The Board--
            (A) shall perform the functions specified to be carried out 
        by the Board in this division;
            (B) may prescribe, amend, and repeal bylaws, rules, 
        regulations, policies, and procedures governing the manner in 
        which the business of the Corporation may be conducted and in 
        which the powers granted to the Corporation by law may be 
        exercised; and
            (C) shall develop, in consultation with stakeholders, other 
        interested parties, and the appropriate congressional 
        committees, a publicly available policy with respect to 
        consultations, hearings, and other forms of engagement in order 
        to provide for meaningful public participation in the Board's 
        activities.
        (2) Membership of board.--
            (A) In general.--The Board shall consist of--
                (i) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation;
                (ii) the officers specified in subparagraph (B); and
                (iii) four other individuals who shall be appointed by 
            the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
            Senate, of which--

                    (I) one individual should be appointed from among a 
                list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the 
                majority leader of the Senate after consultation with 
                the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
                the Senate;
                    (II) one individual should be appointed from among 
                a list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the 
                minority leader of the Senate after consultation with 
                the ranking member of the Committee on Foreign 
                Relations of the Senate;
                    (III) one individual should be appointed from among 
                a list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the 
                Speaker of the House of Representatives after 
                consultation with the chairman of the Committee on 
                Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
                    (IV) one individual should be appointed from among 
                a list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the 
                minority leader of the House of Representatives after 
                consultation with the ranking member of the Committee 
                on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

            (B) Officers specified.--
                (i) In general.--The officers specified in this 
            subparagraph are the following:

                    (I) The Secretary of State or a designee of the 
                Secretary.
                    (II) The Administrator of the United States Agency 
                for International Development or a designee of the 
                Administrator.
                    (III) The Secretary of the Treasury or a designee 
                of the Secretary.
                    (IV) The Secretary of Commerce or a designee of the 
                Secretary.

                (ii) Requirements for designees.--A designee under 
            clause (i) shall be selected from among officers--

                    (I) appointed by the President, by and with the 
                advice and consent of the Senate;
                    (II) whose duties relate to the programs of the 
                Corporation; and
                    (III) who is designated by and serving at the 
                pleasure of the President.

            (C) Requirements for nongovernment members.--A member of 
        the Board described in subparagraph (A)(iii)--
                (i) may not be an officer or employee of the United 
            States Government;
                (ii) shall have relevant experience, which may include 
            experience relating to the private sector, the environment, 
            labor organizations, or international development, to carry 
            out the purpose of the Corporation;
                (iii) shall be appointed for a term of 3 years and may 
            be reappointed for one additional term;
                (iv) shall serve until the member's successor is 
            appointed and confirmed;
                (v) shall be compensated at a rate equivalent to that 
            of level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of 
            title 5, United States Code, when engaged in the business 
            of the Corporation; and
                (vi) may be paid per diem in lieu of subsistence at the 
            applicable rate under the Federal Travel Regulation under 
            subtitle F of title 41, Code of Federal Regulations, from 
            time to time, while away from the home or usual place of 
            business of the member.
        (3) Chairperson.--The Secretary of State, or the designee of 
    the Secretary under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(I), shall serve as the 
    Chairperson of the Board.
        (4) Vice chairperson.--The Administrator of the United States 
    Agency for International Development, or the designee of the 
    Administrator under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(II), shall serve as the 
    Vice Chairperson of the Board.
        (5) Quorum.--Five members of the Board shall constitute a 
    quorum for the transaction of business by the Board.
    (c) Public Hearings.--The Board shall hold at least 2 public 
hearings each year in order to afford an opportunity for any person to 
present views with respect to whether--
        (1) the Corporation is carrying out its activities in 
    accordance with this division; and
        (2) any support provided by the Corporation under title II in 
    any country should be suspended, expanded, or extended.
    (d) Chief Executive Officer.--
        (1) Appointment.--There shall be in the Corporation a Chief 
    Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by the President, by and 
    with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall serve at 
    the pleasure of the President.
        (2) Authorities and duties.--The Chief Executive Officer shall 
    be responsible for the management of the Corporation and shall 
    exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the Corporation 
    subject to the bylaws, rules, regulations, and procedures 
    established by the Board.
        (3) Relationship to board.--The Chief Executive Officer shall 
    report to and be under the direct authority of the Board.
        (4) Compensation.--Section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, 
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``Chief Executive Officer, United States International 
    Development Finance Corporation.''.
    (e) Deputy Chief Executive Officer.--There shall be in the 
Corporation a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by 
the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and 
who shall serve at the pleasure of the President.
    (f) Chief Risk Officer.--
        (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the 
    Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall appoint a Chief 
    Risk Officer, from among individuals with experience at a senior 
    level in financial risk management, who--
            (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
            (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of the 
        Board.
        (2) Duties.--The Chief Risk Officer shall, in coordination with 
    the audit committee of the Board established under section 1441, 
    develop, implement, and manage a comprehensive process for 
    identifying, assessing, monitoring, and limiting risks to the 
    Corporation, including the overall portfolio diversification of the 
    Corporation.
    (g) Chief Development Officer.--
        (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the 
    Chief Executive Officer, with the concurrence of the Administrator 
    of the United States Agency for International Development, shall 
    appoint a Chief Development Officer, from among individuals with 
    experience in development, who--
            (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
            (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of the 
        Board.
        (2) Duties.--The Chief Development Officer shall--
            (A) coordinate the Corporation's development policies and 
        implementation efforts with the United States Agency for 
        International Development, the Millennium Challenge 
        Corporation, and other relevant United States Government 
        departments and agencies, including directly liaising with 
        missions of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, to ensure that departments, agencies, and missions 
        have training, awareness, and access to the Corporation's tools 
        in relation to development policy and projects in countries;
            (B) under the guidance of the Chief Executive Officer, 
        manage employees of the Corporation that are dedicated to 
        structuring, monitoring, and evaluating transactions and 
        projects co-designed with the United States Agency for 
        International Development and other relevant United States 
        Government departments and agencies;
            (C) authorize and coordinate transfers of funds or other 
        resources to and from such agencies, departments, or missions 
        upon the concurrence of those institutions in support of the 
        Corporation's projects or activities;
            (D) manage the responsibilities of the Corporation under 
        paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 1442(b) and paragraphs (1)(A) 
        and (3)(A) of section 1443(b);
            (E) coordinate and implement the activities of the 
        Corporation under section 1445; and
            (F) be an ex officio member of the Development Advisory 
        Council established under subsection (i) and participate in or 
        send a representative to each meeting of the Council.
    (h) Officers and Employees.--
        (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, 
    officers, employees, and agents shall be selected and appointed by 
    the Corporation, and shall be vested with such powers and duties as 
    the Corporation may determine.
        (2) Administratively determined employees.--
            (A) Appointment; compensation; removal.--Of officers and 
        employees employed by the Corporation under paragraph (1), not 
        more than 50 may be appointed, compensated, or removed without 
        regard to title 5, United States Code.
            (B) Reinstatement.--Under such regulations as the President 
        may prescribe, officers and employees appointed to a position 
        under subparagraph (A) may be entitled, upon removal from such 
        position (unless the removal was for cause), to reinstatement 
        to the position occupied at the time of appointment or to a 
        position of comparable grade and salary.
            (C) Additional positions.--Positions authorized by 
        subparagraph (A) shall be in addition to those otherwise 
        authorized by law, including positions authorized under section 
        5108 of title 5, United States Code.
            (D) Rates of pay for officers and employees.--The 
        Corporation may set and adjust rates of basic pay for officers 
        and employees appointed under subparagraph (A) without regard 
        to the provisions of chapter 51 or subchapter III of chapter 53 
        of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of 
        positions and General Schedule pay rates, respectively.
        (3) Liability of employees.--
            (A) In general.--An individual who is a member of the Board 
        or an officer or employee of the Corporation has no liability 
        under this division with respect to any claim arising out of or 
        resulting from any act or omission by the individual within the 
        scope of the employment of the individual in connection with 
        any transaction by the Corporation.
            (B) Rule of construction.--Subparagraph (A) shall not be 
        construed to limit personal liability of an individual for 
        criminal acts or omissions, willful or malicious misconduct, 
        acts or omissions for private gain, or any other acts or 
        omissions outside the scope of the individual's employment.
            (C) Conflicts of interest.--The Corporation shall establish 
        and publish procedures for avoiding conflicts of interest on 
        the part of officers and employees of the Corporation and 
        members of the Development Advisory Council established under 
        subsection (i).
            (D) Savings provision.--This paragraph shall not be 
        construed--
                (i) to affect--

                    (I) any other immunities and protections that may 
                be available to an individual described in subparagraph 
                (A) under applicable law with respect to a transaction 
                described in that subparagraph; or
                    (II) any other right or remedy against the 
                Corporation, against the United States under applicable 
                law, or against any person other than an individual 
                described in subparagraph (A) participating in such a 
                transaction; or

                (ii) to limit or alter in any way the immunities that 
            are available under applicable law for Federal officers and 
            employees not described in this paragraph.
    (i) Development Advisory Council.--
        (1) In general.--There is established a Development Advisory 
    Council (in this subsection referred to as the ``Council'') to 
    advise the Board on development objectives of the Corporation.
        (2) Membership.--Members of the Council shall be appointed by 
    the Board, on the recommendation of the Chief Executive Officer and 
    the Chief Development Officer, and shall be composed of not more 
    than 9 members broadly representative of nongovernmental 
    organizations, think tanks, advocacy organizations, foundations, 
    and other institutions engaged in international development.
        (3) Functions.--The Board shall call upon members of the 
    Council, either collectively or individually, to advise the Board 
    regarding the extent to which the Corporation is meeting its 
    development mandate and any suggestions for improvements in with 
    respect to meeting that mandate, including opportunities in 
    countries and project development and implementation challenges and 
    opportunities.
        (4) Federal advisory committee act.--The Council shall not be 
    subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).
SEC. 1414. INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE CORPORATION.
    (a) In General.--Section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 
1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by inserting ``the United States 
International Development Finance Corporation,'' after ``the 
Smithsonian Institution,''.
    (b) Oversight Independence.--Section 8G(a)(4) of the Inspector 
General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
    semicolon;
        (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the semicolon and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(J) with respect to the United States International 
        Development Finance Corporation, such term means the Board of 
        Directors of the United States International Development 
        Finance Corporation;''.
SEC. 1415. INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM.
    (a) In General.--The Board shall establish a transparent and 
independent accountability mechanism.
    (b) Functions.--The independent accountability mechanism 
established pursuant to subsection (a) shall--
        (1) annually evaluate and report to the Board and Congress 
    regarding compliance with environmental, social, labor, human 
    rights, and transparency standards, consistent with Corporation 
    statutory mandates;
        (2) provide a forum for resolving concerns regarding the 
    impacts of specific Corporation-supported projects with respect to 
    such standards; and
        (3) provide advice regarding Corporation projects, policies, 
    and practices.

                         TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

SEC. 1421. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO PROVISION OF SUPPORT.
    (a) In General.--The authorities in this title shall only be 
exercised to--
        (1) carry out of the policy of the United States in section 
    1411 and the purpose of the Corporation in section 1412;
        (2) mitigate risks to United States taxpayers by sharing risks 
    with the private sector and qualifying sovereign entities through 
    co-financing and structuring of tools; and
        (3) ensure that support provided under this title is additional 
    to private sector resources by mobilizing private capital that 
    would otherwise not be deployed without such support.
    (b) Lending and Guaranties.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation may make loans or guaranties 
    upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine.
        (2) Denomination.--Loans and guaranties issued under paragraph 
    (1) may be denominated and repayable in United States dollars or 
    foreign currencies. Foreign currency denominated loans and 
    guaranties should only be provided if the Board determines there is 
    a substantive policy rationale for such loans and guaranties.
        (3) Applicability of federal credit reform act of 1990.--Loans 
    and guaranties issued under paragraph (1) shall be subject to the 
    requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661 
    et seq.).
    (c) Equity Investments.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation may, as a minority investor, 
    support projects with funds or use other mechanisms for the purpose 
    of purchasing, and may make and fund commitments to purchase, 
    invest in, make pledges in respect of, or otherwise acquire, equity 
    or quasi-equity securities or shares or financial interests of any 
    entity, including as a limited partner or other investor in 
    investment funds, upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation 
    may determine.
        (2) Denomination.--Support provided under paragraph (1) may be 
    denominated and repayable in United States dollars or foreign 
    currency. Foreign currency denominated support provided by 
    paragraph (1) should only be provided if the Board determines there 
    is a substantive policy rationale for such support.
        (3) Guidelines and criteria.--The Corporation shall develop 
    guidelines and criteria to require that the use of the authority 
    provided by paragraph (1) with respect to a project has a clearly 
    defined development and foreign policy purpose, taking into account 
    the following objectives:
            (A) The support for the project would be more likely than 
        not to substantially reduce or overcome the effect of an 
        identified market failure in the country in which the project 
        is carried out.
            (B) The project would not have proceeded or would have been 
        substantially delayed without the support.
            (C) The support would meaningfully contribute to 
        transforming local conditions to promote the development of 
        markets.
            (D) The support can be shown to be aligned with commercial 
        partner incentives.
            (E) The support can be shown to have significant 
        developmental impact and will contribute to long-term 
        commercial sustainability.
            (F) The support furthers the policy of the United States 
        described in section 1411.
        (4) Limitations on equity investments.--
            (A) Per project limit.--The aggregate amount of support 
        provided under this subsection with respect to any project 
        shall not exceed 30 percent of the aggregate amount of all 
        equity investment made to the project at the time that the 
        Corporation approves support of the project.
            (B) Total limit.--Support provided pursuant to this 
        subsection shall be limited to not more than 35 percent of the 
        Corporation's aggregate exposure on the date that such support 
        is provided.
        (5) Sales and liquidation of position.--The Corporation shall 
    seek to sell and liquidate any support for a project provided under 
    this subsection as soon as commercially feasible, commensurate with 
    other similar investors in the project and taking into 
    consideration the national security interests of the United States.
        (6) Timetable.--The Corporation shall create a project-specific 
    timetable for support provided under paragraph (1).
    (d) Insurance and Reinsurance.--The Corporation may issue insurance 
or reinsurance, upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may 
determine, to private sector entities and qualifying sovereign entities 
assuring protection of their investments in whole or in part against 
any or all political risks such as currency inconvertibility and 
transfer restrictions, expropriation, war, terrorism, civil 
disturbance, breach of contract, or nonhonoring of financial 
obligations.
    (e) Promotion of and Support for Private Investment 
Opportunities.--
        (1) In general.--In order to carry out the purpose of the 
    Corporation described in section 1412(b), the Corporation may 
    initiate and support, through financial participation, incentive 
    grant, or otherwise, and on such terms and conditions as the 
    Corporation may determine, feasibility studies for the planning, 
    development, and management of, and procurement for, potential 
    bilateral and multilateral development projects eligible for 
    support under this title, including training activities undertaken 
    in connection with such projects, for the purpose of promoting 
    investment in such projects and the identification, assessment, 
    surveying, and promotion of private investment opportunities, 
    utilizing wherever feasible and effective, the facilities of 
    private investors.
        (2) Contributions to costs.--The Corporation shall, to the 
    maximum extent practicable, require any person receiving funds 
    under the authorities of this subsection to--
            (A) share the costs of feasibility studies and other 
        project planning services funded under this subsection; and
            (B) reimburse the Corporation those funds provided under 
        this section, if the person succeeds in project implementation.
    (f) Special Projects and Programs.--The Corporation may administer 
and manage special projects and programs in support of specific 
transactions undertaken by the Corporation, including programs of 
financial and advisory support that provide private technical, 
professional, or managerial assistance in the development of human 
resources, skills, technology, capital savings, or intermediate 
financial and investment institutions or cooperatives, and including 
the initiation of incentives, grants, or studies for energy, women's 
economic empowerment, microenterprise households, or other small 
business activities.
    (g) Enterprise Funds.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation may, following consultation 
    with the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States 
    Agency for International Development, and the heads of other 
    relevant departments or agencies, establish and operate enterprise 
    funds in accordance with this subsection.
        (2) Private character of funds.--Nothing in this section shall 
    be construed to make an enterprise fund an agency or establishment 
    of the United States Government, or to make the officers, 
    employees, or members of the Board of Directors of an enterprise 
    fund officers or employees of the United States for purposes of 
    title 5, United States Code.
        (3) Purposes for which support may be provided.--The 
    Corporation, subject to the approval of the Board, may designate 
    private, nonprofit organizations as eligible to receive support 
    under this title for the following purposes:
            (A) To promote development of economic freedom and private 
        sectors, including small- and medium-sized enterprises and 
        joint ventures with the United States and host country 
        participants.
            (B) To facilitate access to credit to small- and medium-
        sized enterprises with sound business plans in countries where 
        there is limited means of accessing credit on market terms.
            (C) To promote policies and practices conducive to economic 
        freedom and private sector development.
            (D) To attract foreign direct investment capital to further 
        promote private sector development and economic freedom.
            (E) To complement the work of the United States Agency for 
        International Development and other donors to improve the 
        overall business-enabling environment, financing the creation 
        and expansion of the private business sector.
            (F) To make financially sustainable investments designed to 
        generate measurable social benefits and build technical 
        capacity in addition to financial returns.
        (4) Operation of funds.--
            (A) Expenditures.--Funds made available to an enterprise 
        fund shall be expended at the minimum rate necessary to make 
        timely payments for projects and activities carried out under 
        this subsection.
            (B) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 3 percent per 
        annum of the funds made available to an enterprise fund may be 
        obligated or expended for the administrative expenses of the 
        enterprise fund.
        (5) Board of directors.--Each enterprise fund established under 
    this subsection should be governed by a Board of Directors 
    comprised of private citizens of the United States or the host 
    country, who--
            (A) shall be appointed by the President after consultation 
        with the chairmen and ranking members of the appropriate 
        congressional committees; and
            (B) have pursued careers in international business and have 
        demonstrated expertise in international and emerging market 
        investment activities.
        (6) Majority member requirement.--The majority of the members 
    of the Board of Directors shall be United States citizens who shall 
    have relevant experience relating to the purposes described in 
    paragraph (3).
        (7) Reports.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
    establishment of an enterprise fund under this subsection, and 
    annually thereafter until the enterprise fund terminates in 
    accordance with paragraph (10), the Board of Directors of the 
    enterprise fund shall--
            (A) submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        report--
                (i) detailing the administrative expenses of the 
            enterprise fund during the year preceding the submission of 
            the report;
                (ii) describing the operations, activities, engagement 
            with civil society and relevant local private sector 
            entities, development objectives and outcomes, financial 
            condition, and accomplishments of the enterprise fund 
            during that year;
                (iii) describing the results of any audit conducted 
            under paragraph (8); and
                (iv) describing how audits conducted under paragraph 
            (8) are informing the operations and activities of the 
            enterprise fund; and
            (B) publish, on a publicly available internet website of 
        the enterprise fund, each report required by subparagraph (A).
        (8) Oversight.--
            (A) Inspector general performance audits.--
                (i) In general.--The Inspector General of the 
            Corporation shall conduct periodic audits of the activities 
            of each enterprise fund established under this subsection.
                (ii) Consideration.--In conducting an audit under 
            clause (i), the Inspector General shall assess whether the 
            activities of the enterprise fund--

                    (I) support the purposes described in paragraph 
                (3);
                    (II) result in profitable private sector investing; 
                and
                    (III) generate measurable social benefits.

            (B) Recordkeeping requirements.--The Corporation shall 
        ensure that each enterprise fund receiving support under this 
        subsection--
                (i) keeps separate accounts with respect to such 
            support; and
                (ii) maintains such records as may be reasonably 
            necessary to facilitate effective audits under this 
            paragraph.
        (9) Return of funds to treasury.--Any funds resulting from any 
    liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of an enterprise fund, in 
    whole or in part, shall be returned to the Treasury of the United 
    States.
        (10) Termination.--The authority of an enterprise fund to 
    provide support under this subsection shall terminate on the 
    earlier of--
            (A) the date that is 10 years after the date of the first 
        expenditure of amounts from the enterprise fund; or
            (B) the date on which the enterprise fund is liquidated.
    (h) Supervision of Support.--Support provided under this title 
shall be subject to section 622(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2382(c)).
    (i) Small Business Development.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation shall undertake, in 
    cooperation with appropriate departments, agencies, and 
    instrumentalities of the United States as well as private entities 
    and others, to broaden the participation of United States small 
    businesses and cooperatives and other small United States investors 
    in the development of small private enterprise in less developed 
    friendly countries or areas.
        (2) Outreach to minority-owned and women-owned businesses.--
            (A) In general.--The Corporation shall collect data on the 
        involvement of minority- and women-owned businesses in projects 
        supported by the Corporation, including--
                (i) the amount of insurance and financing provided by 
            the Corporation to such businesses in connection with 
            projects supported by the Corporation; and
                (ii) to the extent such information is available, the 
            involvement of such businesses in procurement activities 
            conducted or supported by the Corporation.
            (B) Inclusion in annual report.--The Corporation shall 
        include, in its annual report submitted to Congress under 
        section 1443, the aggregate data collected under this 
        paragraph, in such form as to quantify the effectiveness of the 
        Corporation's outreach activities to minority- and women-owned 
        businesses.
SEC. 1422. TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), support 
provided by the Corporation under this title shall be on such terms and 
conditions as the Corporation may prescribe.
    (b) Requirements.--The following requirements apply to support 
provided by the Corporation under this title:
        (1) The Corporation shall provide support using authorities 
    under this title only if it is necessary--
            (A) to alleviate a credit market imperfection; or
            (B) to achieve specified development or foreign policy 
        objectives of the United States Government by providing support 
        in the most efficient way to meet those objectives on a case-
        by-case basis.
        (2) The final maturity of a loan made or guaranteed by the 
    Corporation shall not exceed the lesser of--
            (A) 25 years; or
            (B) debt servicing capabilities of the project to be 
        financed by the loan (as determined by the Corporation).
        (3) The Corporation shall, with respect to providing any loan 
    guaranty to a project, require the parties to the project to bear 
    the risk of loss in an amount equal to at least 20 percent of the 
    guaranteed support by the Corporation in the project.
        (4) The Corporation may not make or guarantee a loan unless the 
    Corporation determines that the borrower or lender is responsible 
    and that adequate provision is made for servicing the loan on 
    reasonable terms and protecting the financial interest of the 
    United States.
        (5) The interest rate for direct loans and interest supplements 
    on guaranteed loans shall be set by reference to a benchmark 
    interest rate (yield) on marketable Treasury securities or other 
    widely recognized or appropriate benchmarks with a similar maturity 
    to the loans being made or guaranteed, as determined in 
    consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and 
    Budget and the Secretary of the Treasury. The Corporation shall 
    establish appropriate minimum interest rates for loans, guaranties, 
    and other instruments as necessary.
        (6) The minimum interest rate for new loans as established by 
    the Corporation shall be adjusted periodically to take account of 
    changes in the interest rate of the benchmark financial instrument.
        (7)(A) The Corporation shall set fees or premiums for support 
    provided under this title at levels that minimize the cost to the 
    Government while supporting achievement of the objectives of 
    support.
        (B) The Corporation shall review fees for loan guaranties 
    periodically to ensure that the fees assessed on new loan 
    guaranties are at a level sufficient to cover the Corporation's 
    most recent estimates of its costs.
        (8) Any loan guaranty provided by the Corporation shall be 
    conclusive evidence that--
            (A) the guaranty has been properly obtained;
            (B) the loan qualified for the guaranty; and
            (C) but for fraud or material misrepresentation by the 
        holder of the guaranty, the guaranty is presumed to be valid, 
        legal, and enforceable.
        (9) The Corporation shall prescribe explicit standards for use 
    in periodically assessing the credit risk of new and existing 
    direct loans or guaranteed loans.
        (10) The Corporation may not make loans or loan guaranties 
    except to the extent that budget authority to cover the costs of 
    the loans or guaranties is provided in advance in an appropriations 
    Act, as required by section 504 of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 
    1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c).
        (11) The Corporation shall rely upon specific standards to 
    assess the developmental and strategic value of projects for which 
    it provides support and should only provide the minimum level of 
    support necessary in order to support such projects.
        (12) Any loan or loan guaranty made by the Corporation should 
    be provided on a senior basis or pari passu with other senior debt 
    unless there is a substantive policy rationale to provide such 
    support otherwise.
SEC. 1423. PAYMENT OF LOSSES.
    (a) Payments for Defaults on Guaranteed Loans.--
        (1) In general.--If the Corporation determines that the holder 
    of a loan guaranteed by the Corporation suffers a loss as a result 
    of a default by a borrower on the loan, the Corporation shall pay 
    to the holder the percent of the loss, as specified in the guaranty 
    contract, after the holder of the loan has made such further 
    collection efforts and instituted such enforcement proceedings as 
    the Corporation may require.
        (2) Subrogation.--Upon making a payment described in paragraph 
    (1), the Corporation shall ensure the Corporation will be 
    subrogated to all the rights of the recipient of the payment.
        (3) Recovery efforts.--The Corporation shall pursue recovery 
    from the borrower of the amount of any payment made under paragraph 
    (1) with respect to the loan.
    (b) Limitation on Payments.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), 
    compensation for insurance, reinsurance, or a guaranty issued under 
    this title shall not exceed the dollar value of the tangible or 
    intangible contributions or commitments made in the project, plus 
    interest, earnings, or profits actually accrued on such 
    contributions or commitments, to the extent provided by such 
    insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty.
        (2) Exception.--
            (A) In general.--The Corporation may provide that--
                (i) appropriate adjustments in the insured dollar value 
            be made to reflect the replacement cost of project assets; 
            and
                (ii) compensation for a claim of loss under insurance 
            of an equity investment under section 1421 may be computed 
            on the basis of the net book value attributable to the 
            equity investment on the date of loss.
        (3) Additional limitation.--
            (A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A)(ii) and 
        except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Corporation shall 
        limit the amount of direct insurance and reinsurance issued 
        under section 1421 with respect to a project so as to require 
        that the insured and its affiliates bear the risk of loss for 
        at least 10 percent of the amount of the Corporation's exposure 
        to that insured and its affiliates in the project.
            (B) Exception.--The limitation under subparagraph (A) shall 
        not apply to direct insurance or reinsurance of loans provided 
        by banks or other financial institutions to unrelated parties.
    (c) Actions by Attorney General.--The Attorney General shall take 
such action as may be appropriate to enforce any right accruing to the 
United States as a result of the issuance of any loan or guaranty under 
this title.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to preclude any forbearance for the benefit of a borrower 
that may be agreed upon by the parties to a loan guaranteed by the 
Corporation if budget authority for any resulting costs to the United 
States Government (as defined in section 502 of the Federal Credit 
Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a)) is available.
SEC. 1424. TERMINATION.
    (a) In General.--The authorities provided under this title 
terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment 
of this Act.
    (b) Termination of Corporation.--The Corporation shall terminate on 
the date on which the portfolio of the Corporation is liquidated.

            TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 1431. OPERATIONS.
    (a) Bilateral Agreements.--The Corporation may provide support 
under title II in connection with projects in any country the 
government of which has entered into an agreement with the United 
States authorizing the Corporation to provide such support in that 
country.
    (b) Claims Settlement.--
        (1) In general.--Claims arising as a result of support provided 
    under title II or under predecessor authority may be settled, and 
    disputes arising as a result thereof may be arbitrated with the 
    consent of the parties, on such terms and conditions as the 
    Corporation may determine.
        (2) Settlements conclusive.--Payment made pursuant to any 
    settlement pursuant to paragraph (1), or as a result of an 
    arbitration award, shall be final and conclusive notwithstanding 
    any other provision of law.
    (c) Presumption of Compliance.--Each contract executed by such 
officer or officers as may be designated by the Board shall be 
conclusively presumed to be issued in compliance with the requirements 
of this division.
    (d) Electronic Payments and Documents.--The Corporation shall 
implement policies to accept electronic documents and electronic 
payments in all of its programs.
SEC. 1432. CORPORATE POWERS.
    (a) In General.--The Corporation--
        (1) may adopt, alter, and use a seal, to include an 
    identifiable symbol of the United States;
        (2) may make and perform such contracts, including no-cost 
    contracts (as defined by the Corporation), grants, and other 
    agreements notwithstanding division C of subtitle I of title 41, 
    United States Code, with any person or government however 
    designated and wherever situated, as may be necessary for carrying 
    out the functions of the Corporation;
        (3) may lease, purchase, or otherwise acquire, improve, and use 
    such real property wherever situated, as may be necessary for 
    carrying out the functions of the Corporation, except that, if the 
    real property is for the Corporation's own occupancy, the lease, 
    purchase, acquisition, improvement, or use of the real property 
    shall be entered into or conducted in consultation with the 
    Administrator of General Services;
        (4) may accept cash gifts or donations of services or of 
    property (real, personal, or mixed), tangible or intangible, for 
    the purpose of carrying out the functions of the Corporation;
        (5) may use the United States mails in the same manner and on 
    the same conditions as the Executive departments (as defined in 
    section 101 of title 5, United States Code);
        (6) may contract with individuals for personal services, who 
    shall not be considered Federal employees for any provision of law 
    administered by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;
        (7) may hire or obtain passenger motor vehicles;
        (8) may sue and be sued in its corporate name;
        (9) may acquire, hold, or dispose of, upon such terms and 
    conditions as the Corporation may determine, any property, real, 
    personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, or any interest in such 
    property, except that, in the case of real property that is for the 
    Corporation's own occupancy, the acquisition, holding, or 
    disposition of the real property shall be conducted in consultation 
    with the Administrator of General Services;
        (10) may lease office space for the Corporation's own use, with 
    the obligation of amounts for such lease limited to the current 
    fiscal year for which payments are due until the expiration of the 
    current lease under predecessor authority, as of the day before the 
    date of the enactment of this Act;
        (11) may indemnify directors, officers, employees, and agents 
    of the Corporation for liabilities and expenses incurred in 
    connection with their activities on behalf of the Corporation;
        (12) notwithstanding any other provision of law, may represent 
    itself or contract for representation in any legal or arbitral 
    proceeding;
        (13) may exercise any priority of the Government of the United 
    States in collecting debts from bankrupt, insolvent, or decedents' 
    estates;
        (14) may collect, notwithstanding section 3711(g)(1) of title 
    31, United States Code, or compromise any obligations assigned to 
    or held by the Corporation, including any legal or equitable rights 
    accruing to the Corporation;
        (15) may make arrangements with foreign governments (including 
    agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions of such 
    governments) or with multilateral organizations or institutions for 
    sharing liabilities;
        (16) may sell direct investments of the Corporation to private 
    investors upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may 
    determine; and
        (17) shall have such other powers as may be necessary and 
    incident to carrying out the functions of the Corporation.
    (b) Treatment of Property.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of property by 
the United States, the Corporation shall have the right in its 
discretion to complete, recondition, reconstruct, renovate, repair, 
maintain, operate, or sell any property acquired by the Corporation 
pursuant to the provisions of this division, except that, in the case 
of real property that is for the Corporation's own occupancy, the 
completion, reconditioning, reconstruction, renovation, repair, 
maintenance, operation, or sale of the real property shall be conducted 
in consultation with the Administrator of General Services.
SEC. 1433. MAXIMUM CONTINGENT LIABILITY.
    The maximum contingent liability of the Corporation outstanding at 
any one time shall not exceed in the aggregate $60,000,000,000.
SEC. 1434. CORPORATE FUNDS.
    (a) Corporate Capital Account.--There is established in the 
Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the ``Corporate 
Capital Account'' to carry out the purposes of the Corporation.
    (b) Funding.--The Corporate Capital Account shall consist of--
        (1) fees charged and collected pursuant to subsection (c);
        (2) any amounts received pursuant to subsection (e);
        (3) investments and returns on such investments pursuant to 
    subsection (g);
        (4) unexpended balances transferred to the Corporation pursuant 
    to subsection (i);
        (5) payments received in connection with settlements of all 
    insurance and reinsurance claims of the Corporation; and
        (6) all other collections transferred to or earned by the 
    Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of the 
    Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a), of loans and 
    loan guaranties.
    (c) Fee Authority.--Fees may be charged and collected for providing 
services in amounts to be determined by the Corporation.
    (d) Uses.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to Acts making appropriations, the 
    Corporation is authorized to pay--
            (A) the cost, as defined in section 502 of the Federal 
        Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan guaranties;
            (B) administrative expenses of the Corporation;
            (C) for the cost of providing support authorized by 
        subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g) of section 1421;
            (D) project-specific transaction costs.
        (2) Income and revenue.--In order to carry out the purposes of 
    the Corporation, all collections transferred to or earned by the 
    Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of the 
    Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan guaranties, 
    shall be deposited into the Corporate Capital Account and shall be 
    available to carry out its purpose, including without limitation--
            (A) payment of all insurance and reinsurance claims of the 
        Corporation;
            (B) repayments to the Treasury of amounts borrowed under 
        subsection (e); and
            (C) dividend payments to the Treasury under subsection (f).
    (e) Full Faith and Credit.--
        (1) In general.--All support provided pursuant to predecessor 
    authorities or title II shall continue to constitute obligations of 
    the United States, and the full faith and credit of the United 
    States is hereby pledged for the full payment and performance of 
    such obligations.
        (2) Authority to borrow.--The Corporation is authorized to 
    borrow from the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to fulfill 
    such obligations of the United States and any such borrowing shall 
    be at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking 
    into consideration the current average market yields on outstanding 
    marketable obligations of the United States of comparable 
    maturities, for a period jointly determined by the Corporation and 
    the Secretary, and subject to such terms and conditions as the 
    Secretary may require.
    (f) Dividends.--The Board, in consultation with the Director of the 
Office of Management and Budget, shall annually assess a dividend 
payment to the Treasury if the Corporation's insurance portfolio is 
more than 100 percent reserved.
    (g) Investment Authority.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation may request the Secretary of 
    the Treasury to invest such portion of the Corporate Capital 
    Account as is not, in the Corporation's judgment, required to meet 
    the current needs of the Corporate Capital Account.
        (2) Form of investments.--Such investments shall be made by the 
    Secretary of the Treasury in public debt obligations, with 
    maturities suitable to the needs of the Corporate Capital Account, 
    as determined by the Corporation, and bearing interest at rates 
    determined by the Secretary, taking into consideration current 
    market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United 
    States of comparable maturities.
    (h) Collections.--Interest earnings made pursuant to subsection 
(g), earnings collected related to equity investments, and amounts, 
excluding fees related to insurance or reinsurance, collected pursuant 
to subsection (c), shall not be collected for any fiscal year except to 
the extent provided in advance in appropriations Acts.
    (i) Transfer From Predecessor Agencies and Programs.--By the end of 
the transition period described in title VI, the unexpended balances, 
assets, and responsibilities of any agency specified in the plan 
required by section 1462 shall be transferred to the Corporation.
    (j) Transfer of Funds.--In order to carry out this division, funds 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) may be transferred to the Corporation 
and funds authorized to be appropriated to the Corporation may be 
transferred to the Department of State and the United States Agency for 
International Development.
    (k) Definition.--In this section, the term ``project-specific 
transaction costs''--
        (1) means those costs incurred by the Corporation for travel, 
    legal expenses, and direct and indirect costs incurred in claims 
    settlements associated with the provision of support under title II 
    and shall not be considered administrative expenses for the 
    purposes of this section; and
        (2) does not include information technology (as such term is 
    defined in section 11101 of title 40, United States Code).
SEC. 1435. COORDINATION WITH OTHER DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.
    It is the sense of Congress that the Corporation should use 
relevant data of the Department of State, the Millennium Challenge 
Corporation, the United States Agency for International Development, 
and other departments and agencies that have development functions to 
better inform the decisions of the Corporation with respect to 
providing support under title II.

            TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

SEC. 1441. ESTABLISHMENT OF RISK AND AUDIT COMMITTEES.
    (a) In General.--To assist the Board to fulfill its duties and 
responsibilities under section 1421(a), the Corporation shall establish 
a risk committee and an audit committee.
    (b) Duties and Responsibilities of Risk Committee.--Subject to the 
direction of the Board, the risk committee established under subsection 
(a) shall have oversight responsibility of--
        (1) formulating risk management policies of the operations of 
    the Corporation;
        (2) reviewing and providing guidance on operation of the 
    Corporation's global risk management framework;
        (3) developing policies for enterprise risk management, 
    monitoring, and management of strategic, reputational, regulatory, 
    operational, developmental, environmental, social, and financial 
    risks;
        (4) developing the risk profile of the Corporation, including a 
    risk management and compliance framework and governance structure 
    to support such framework; and
        (5) developing policies and procedures for assessing, prior to 
    providing, and for any period during which the Corporation 
    provides, support to any foreign entities, whether such entities 
    have in place sufficient enhanced due diligence policies and 
    practices to prevent money laundering and corruption to ensure the 
    Corporation does not provide support to persons that are--
            (A) knowingly engaging in acts of corruption;
            (B) knowingly providing material or financial support for 
        terrorism, drug trafficking, or human trafficking; or
            (C) responsible for ordering or otherwise directing serious 
        or gross violations of human rights.
    (c) Duties and Responsibilities of Audit Committee.--Subject to the 
direction of the Board, the audit committee established under 
subsection (a) shall have the oversight responsibility of--
        (1) the integrity of the Corporation's financial reporting and 
    systems of internal controls regarding finance and accounting;
        (2) the integrity of the Corporation's financial statements;
        (3) the performance of the Corporation's internal audit 
    function; and
        (4) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements related 
    to the finances of the Corporation.
SEC. 1442. PERFORMANCE MEASURES, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING.
    (a) In General.--The Corporation shall develop a performance 
measurement system to evaluate and monitor projects supported by the 
Corporation under title II and to guide future projects of the 
Corporation.
    (b) Considerations.--In developing the performance measurement 
system required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall--
        (1) develop a successor for the development impact measurement 
    system of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (as such 
    system was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of 
    this Act);
        (2) develop a mechanism for ensuring that support provided by 
    the Corporation under title II is in addition to private 
    investment;
        (3) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring, 
    appropriate financial performance of the Corporation's portfolio; 
    and
        (4) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring, 
    appropriate development performance of the Corporation's portfolio, 
    including--
            (A) measurement of the projected and ex post development 
        impact of a project; and
            (B) the information necessary to comply with section 1443.
    (c) Public Availability of Certain Information.--The Corporation 
shall make available to the public on a regular basis information about 
support provided by the Corporation under title II and performance 
metrics about such support on a country-by-country basis.
    (d) Consultation.--In developing the performance measurement system 
required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall consult with the 
Development Advisory Council established under section 1413(i) and 
other stakeholders and interested parties engaged in sustainable 
economic growth and development.
SEC. 1443. ANNUAL REPORT.
    (a) In General.--After the end of each fiscal year, the Corporation 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a complete and 
detailed report of its operations during that fiscal year, including an 
assessment of--
        (1) the economic and social development impact, including with 
    respect to matters described in subsections (d), (e), and (f) of 
    section 1451, of projects supported by the Corporation under title 
    II;
        (2) the extent to which the operations of the Corporation 
    complement or are compatible with the development assistance 
    programs of the United States and qualifying sovereign entities;
        (3) the Corporation's institutional linkages with other 
    relevant United States Government department and agencies, 
    including efforts to strengthen such linkages; and
        (4) the compliance of projects supported by the Corporation 
    under title II with human rights, environmental, labor, and social 
    policies, or other such related policies that govern the 
    Corporation's support for projects, promulgated or otherwise 
    administered by the Corporation.
    (b) Elements.--Each annual report required by subsection (a) shall 
include analyses of the effects of projects supported by the 
Corporation under title II, including--
        (1) reviews and analyses of--
            (A) the desired development outcomes for projects and 
        whether or not the Corporation is meeting the associated 
        metrics, goals, and development objectives, including, to the 
        extent practicable, in the years after conclusion of projects; 
        and
            (B) the effect of the Corporation's support on access to 
        capital and ways in which the Corporation is addressing 
        identifiable market gaps or inefficiencies and what impact, if 
        any, such support has on access to credit for a specific 
        project, country, or sector;
        (2) an explanation of any partnership arrangement or 
    cooperation with a qualifying sovereign entity in support of each 
    project;
        (3) projections of--
            (A) development outcomes, and whether or not support for 
        projects are meeting the associated performance measures, both 
        during the start-up phase and over the duration of the support, 
        and to the extent practicable, measures of such development 
        outcomes should be on a gender-disaggregated basis, such as 
        changes in employment, access to financial services, enterprise 
        development and growth, and composition of executive boards and 
        senior leadership of enterprises receiving support under title 
        II; and
            (B) the value of private sector assets brought to bear 
        relative to the amount of support provided by the Corporation 
        and the value of any other public sector support; and
        (4) an assessment of the extent to which lessons learned from 
    the monitoring and evaluation activities of the Corporation, and 
    from annual reports from previous years compiled by the 
    Corporation, have been applied to projects.
SEC. 1444. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PROJECT INFORMATION.
    The Corporation shall--
        (1) maintain a user-friendly, publicly available, machine-
    readable database with detailed project-level information, as 
    appropriate and to the extent practicable, including a description 
    of the support provided by the Corporation under title II, 
    including, to the extent feasible, the information included in the 
    report to Congress under section 1443 and project-level performance 
    metrics; and
        (2) include a clear link to information about each project 
    supported by the Corporation under title II on the internet website 
    of the Department of State, ``ForeignAssistance.gov'', or a 
    successor website or other online publication.
SEC. 1445. ENGAGEMENT WITH INVESTORS.
    (a) In General.--The Corporation, acting through the Chief 
Development Officer, shall, in cooperation with the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development--
        (1) develop a strategic relationship with private sector 
    entities focused at the nexus of business opportunities and 
    development priorities;
        (2) engage such entities and reduce business risks primarily 
    through direct transaction support and facilitating investment 
    partnerships;
        (3) develop and support tools, approaches, and intermediaries 
    that can mobilize private finance at scale in the developing world;
        (4) pursue highly developmental projects of all sizes, 
    especially those that are small but designed for work in the most 
    underdeveloped areas, including countries with chronic suffering as 
    a result of extreme poverty, fragile institutions, or a history of 
    violence; and
        (5) pursue projects consistent with the policy of the United 
    States described in section 1411 and the Joint Strategic Plan and 
    the Mission Country Development Cooperation Strategies of the 
    United States Agency for International Development.
    (b) Assistance.--To achieve the goals described in subsection (a), 
the Corporation shall--
        (1) develop risk mitigation tools;
        (2) provide transaction structuring support for blended finance 
    models;
        (3) support intermediaries linking capital supply and demand;
        (4) coordinate with other Federal agencies to support or 
    accelerate transactions;
        (5) convene financial, donor, civil society, and public sector 
    partners around opportunities for private finance within 
    development priorities;
        (6) offer strategic planning and programming assistance to 
    catalyze investment into priority sectors;
        (7) provide transaction structuring support;
        (8) deliver training and knowledge management tools for 
    engaging private investors;
        (9) partner with private sector entities that provide access to 
    capital and expertise; and
        (10) identify and screen new investment partners.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--The Corporation shall coordinate with 
the United States Agency for International Development and other 
agencies and departments, as necessary, on projects and programs 
supported by the Corporation that include technical assistance.
SEC. 1446. NOTIFICATIONS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CORPORATION.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 15 days prior to the Corporation 
making a financial commitment associated with the provision of support 
under title II in an amount in excess of $10,000,000, the Chief 
Executive Officer of the Corporation shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report in writing that contains the 
information required by subsection (b).
    (b) Information Required.--The information required by this 
subsection includes--
        (1) the amount of each such financial commitment;
        (2) an identification of the recipient or beneficiary; and
        (3) a description of the project, activity, or asset and the 
    development goal or purpose to be achieved by providing support by 
    the Corporation.
    (c) Bilateral Agreements.--The Chief Executive Officer of the 
Corporation shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not 
later than 30 days after entering into a new bilateral agreement 
described in section 1431(a).

          TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

SEC. 1451. LIMITATIONS AND PREFERENCES.
    (a) Limitation on Support for Single Entity.--No entity receiving 
support from the Corporation under title II may receive more than an 
amount equal to 5 percent of the Corporation's maximum contingent 
liability authorized under section 1433.
    (b) Preference for Support for Projects Sponsored by United States 
Persons.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential 
    consideration to projects sponsored by or involving private sector 
    entities that are United States persons.
        (2) United states person defined.--In this subsection, the term 
    ``United States person'' means--
            (A) a United States citizen; or
            (B) an entity owned or controlled by an individual or 
        individuals described in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Preference for Support in Countries in Compliance With 
International Trade Obligations.--
        (1) Consultations with united states trade representative.--Not 
    less frequently than annually, the Corporation shall consult with 
    the United States Trade Representative with respect to the status 
    of countries eligible to receive support from the Corporation under 
    title II and the compliance of those countries with their 
    international trade obligations.
        (2) Preferential consideration.--The Corporation shall give 
    preferential consideration to providing support under title II for 
    projects in countries in compliance with or making substantial 
    progress coming into compliance with their international trade 
    obligations.
    (d) Worker Rights.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation shall only support projects 
    under title II in countries that are taking steps to adopt and 
    implement laws that extend internationally recognized worker rights 
    (as defined in section 507 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
    2467)) to workers in that country, including any designated zone in 
    that country.
        (2) Required contract language.--The Corporation shall also 
    include the following language, in substantially the following 
    form, in all contracts which the Corporation enters into with 
    persons receiving support under title II: ``The person receiving 
    support agrees not to take actions to prevent employees of the 
    foreign enterprise from lawfully exercising their right of 
    association and their right to organize and bargain collectively. 
    The person further agrees to observe applicable laws relating to a 
    minimum age for employment of children, acceptable conditions of 
    work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational 
    health and safety, and not to use forced labor or the worst forms 
    of child labor (as defined in section 507 of the Trade Act of 1974 
    (19 U.S.C. 2467)). The person is not responsible under this 
    paragraph for the actions of a foreign government.''.
    (e) Impact Notification.--The Board shall not vote in favor of any 
project proposed to be supported by the Corporation under title II that 
is likely to have significant adverse environmental or social impacts 
that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented, unless--
        (1) at least 60 days before the date of the vote, an 
    environmental and social impact assessment or initial environmental 
    and social audit, analyzing the environmental and social impacts of 
    the proposed project and of alternatives to the proposed project, 
    including mitigation measures, is completed;
        (2) such assessment or audit has been made available to the 
    public of the United States, locally affected groups in the country 
    in which the project will be carried out, and nongovernmental 
    organizations in that country; and
        (3) the Corporation, applying best practices with respect to 
    environmental and social safeguards, includes in any contract 
    relating to the project provisions to ensure the mitigation of any 
    such adverse environmental or social impacts.
    (f) Women's Economic Empowerment.--In utilizing its authorities 
under title II, the Corporation shall consider the impacts of its 
support on women's economic opportunities and outcomes and shall 
prioritize the reduction of gender gaps and maximize development impact 
by working to improve women's economic opportunities.
    (g) Preference for Provision of Support in Countries Embracing 
Private Enterprise.--
        (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential 
    consideration to projects for which support under title II may be 
    provided in countries the governments of which have demonstrated 
    consistent support for economic policies that promote the 
    development of private enterprise, both domestic and foreign, and 
    maintaining the conditions that enable private enterprise to make a 
    full contribution to the development of such countries, including--
            (A) market-based economic policies;
            (B) protection of private property rights;
            (C) respect for the rule of law; and
            (D) systems to combat corruption and bribery.
        (2) Sources of information.--The Corporation should rely on 
    both third-party indicators and United States Government 
    information, such as the Department of State's Investment Climate 
    Statements, the Department of Commerce's Country Commercial Guides, 
    or the Millennium Challenge Corporation's Constraints Analysis, to 
    assess whether countries meet the conditions described in paragraph 
    (1).
    (h) Consideration of Foreign Boycott Participation.--In providing 
support for projects under title II, the Corporation shall consider, 
using information readily available, whether the project is sponsored 
by or substantially affiliated with any person taking or knowingly 
agreeing to take actions, or having taken or knowingly agreed to take 
actions within the past 3 years, which demonstrate or otherwise 
evidence intent to comply with, further, or support any boycott 
described in section 1773(a) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 
(subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232).
    (i) Ensuring Opportunities for Small Businesses in Foreign 
Development.--The Corporation shall, using broad criteria, make, to the 
maximum extent possible consistent with this division, efforts--
        (1) to give preferential consideration in providing support 
    under title II to projects sponsored by or involving small 
    businesses; and
        (2) to ensure that the proportion of projects sponsored by or 
    involving United States small businesses, including women-, 
    minority-, and veteran-owned small businesses, is not less than 50 
    percent of all projects for which the Corporation provides support 
    and that involve United States persons.
SEC. 1452. ADDITIONALITY AND AVOIDANCE OF MARKET DISTORTION.
    (a) In General.--Before the Corporation provides support for a 
project under title II, the Corporation shall ensure that private 
sector entities are afforded an opportunity to support the project.
    (b) Safeguards, Policies, and Guidelines.--The Corporation shall 
develop appropriate safeguards, policies, and guidelines to ensure that 
support provided by the Corporation under title II--
        (1) supplements and encourages, but does not compete with, 
    private sector support;
        (2) operates according to internationally recognized best 
    practices and standards with respect to ensuring the avoidance of 
    market distorting government subsidies and the crowding out of 
    private sector lending; and
        (3) does not have a significant adverse impact on United States 
    employment.
SEC. 1453. PROHIBITION ON SUPPORT IN COUNTRIES THAT SUPPORT TERRORISM 
OR VIOLATE HUMAN RIGHTS AND WITH SANCTIONED PERSONS.
    (a) In General.--The Corporation is prohibited from providing 
support under title II for a government, or an entity owned or 
controlled by a government, if the Secretary of State has determined 
that the government--
        (1) has repeatedly provided support for acts of international 
    terrorism for purposes of--
            (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control Reform 
        Act of 2018 (subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232);
            (B) section 620A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
        (22 U.S.C. 2371(a));
            (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
        2780(d)); or
            (D) any other relevant provision of law; or
        (2) has engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of 
    internationally recognized human rights for purposes of section 
    116(a) or 502B(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
    U.S.C. 2151n(a) and 2304(a)(2)) or any other relevant provision of 
    law.
    (b) Prohibition on Support of Sanctioned Persons.--The Corporation 
is prohibited from all dealings related to any project under title II 
prohibited under United States sanctions laws or regulations, including 
dealings with persons on the list of specially designated persons and 
blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 
the Department of the Treasury, except to the extent otherwise 
authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary of State.
    (c) Prohibition on Support of Activities Subject to Sanctions.--The 
Corporation shall require any person receiving support under title II 
to certify that the person, and any entity owned or controlled by the 
person, is in compliance with all United States sanctions laws and 
regulations.
SEC. 1454. APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF LAW.
    Subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2197) shall apply with respect to the 
Corporation to the same extent and in the same manner as such 
subsections applied with respect to the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.

                   TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 1461. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' includes any entity, 
    organizational unit, program, or function.
        (2) Transition period.--The term ``transition period'' means 
    the period--
            (A) beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and
            (B) ending on the effective date of the reorganization plan 
        required by section 1462(e).
SEC. 1462. REORGANIZATION PLAN.
    (a) Submission of Plan.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to the 
    appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan 
    regarding the following:
            (A) The transfer of agencies, personnel, assets, and 
        obligations to the Corporation pursuant to this title.
            (B) Any consolidation, reorganization, or streamlining of 
        agencies transferred to the Corporation pursuant to this title.
            (C) Any efficiencies or cost savings achieved or additional 
        costs incurred as a result of the transfer of agencies, 
        personnel, assets, and obligations to the Corporation pursuant 
        to this title, including reductions in unnecessary or 
        duplicative operations, assets, and personnel.
        (2) Consultation.--Not later than 15 days before the date on 
    which the plan is transmitted pursuant to this subsection, the 
    President shall consult with the appropriate congressional 
    committees on such plan.
    (b) Plan Elements.--The plan transmitted under subsection (a) shall 
contain, consistent with this division, such elements as the President 
deems appropriate, including the following:
        (1) Identification of any functions of agencies transferred to 
    the Corporation pursuant to this title that will not be transferred 
    to the Corporation under the plan.
        (2) Specification of the steps to be taken to organize the 
    Corporation, including the delegation or assignment of functions 
    transferred to the Corporation.
        (3) Specification of the funds available to each agency that 
    will be transferred to the Corporation as a result of transfers 
    under the plan.
        (4) Specification of the proposed allocations within the 
    Corporation of unexpended funds transferred in connection with 
    transfers under the plan.
        (5) Specification of any proposed disposition of property, 
    facilities, contracts, records, and other assets and obligations of 
    agencies transferred under the plan.
        (6) Specification of the number of authorized positions and 
    personnel employed before the end of the transition period that 
    will be transferred to the Corporation, including plans to mitigate 
    the impact of such transfers on the United States Agency for 
    International Development.
    (c) Report on Coordination.--
        (1) In general.--The transfer of functions authorized by this 
    section may occur only after the President and Chief Executive 
    Officer of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the 
    Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
    Development jointly submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
    Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and 
    Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Appropriations of 
    the Senate a report in writing that contains the information 
    required by paragraph (2).
        (2) Information required.--The information required by this 
    paragraph includes a description in detail of the procedures to be 
    followed after the transfer of functions authorized by this section 
    have occurred to coordinate between the Corporation and the United 
    States Agency for International Development in carrying out the 
    functions so transferred.
    (d) Modification of Plan.--The President shall consult with the 
appropriate congressional committees before making any material 
modification or revision to the plan before the plan becomes effective 
in accordance with subsection (e).
    (e) Effective Date.--
        (1) In general.--The reorganization plan described in this 
    section, including any modifications or revisions of the plan under 
    subsection (c), shall become effective for an agency on the date 
    specified in the plan (or the plan as modified pursuant to 
    subsection (d)), except that such date may not be earlier than 90 
    days after the date the President has transmitted the 
    reorganization plan to the appropriate congressional committees 
    pursuant to subsection (a).
        (2) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
    construed to require the transfer of functions, personnel, records, 
    balances of appropriations, or other assets of an agency on a 
    single date.
SEC. 1463. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS.
    (a) In General.--Effective at the end of the transition period, 
there shall be transferred to the Corporation the functions, personnel, 
assets, and liabilities of--
        (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, as in 
    existence on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act; 
    and
        (2) the following elements of the United States Agency for 
    International Development:
            (A) The Development Credit Authority.
            (B) The existing Legacy Credit portfolio under the Urban 
        Environment Program and any other direct loan programs and non-
        Development Credit Authority guaranty programs authorized by 
        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or 
        other predecessor Acts, as in existence on the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, other than any sovereign loan 
        guaranties.
    (b) Additional Transfer Authority.--Effective at the end of the 
transition period, there is authorized to be transferred to the 
Corporation, with the concurrence of the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, the functions, personnel, 
assets, and liabilities of the following elements of the United States 
Agency for International Development:
        (1) The Office of Private Capital and Microenterprise.
        (2) The enterprise funds.
    (c) Sovereign Loan Guaranty Transfer.--
        (1) In general.--Effective at the end of the transition period, 
    there is authorized to be transferred to the Corporation or any 
    other appropriate department or agency of the United States 
    Government the loan accounts and the legal rights and 
    responsibilities for the sovereign loan guaranty portfolio held by 
    the United States Agency for International Development as in 
    existence on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.
        (2) Inclusion in reorganization plan.--The President shall 
    include in the reorganization plan submitted under section 1462 a 
    description of the transfer authorized under paragraph (1).
    (d) Bilateral Agreements.--Any bilateral agreement of the United 
States in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act that serves 
as the basis for programs of the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation and the Development Credit Authority shall be considered as 
satisfying the requirements of section 1431(a).
    (e) Transition.--During the transition period, the agencies 
specified in subsection (a) shall--
        (1) continue to administer the assets and obligations of those 
    agencies; and
        (2) carry out such programs and activities authorized under 
    this division as may be determined by the President.
SEC. 1464. TERMINATION OF OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND 
OTHER SUPERCEDED AUTHORITIES.
    Effective at the end of the transition period--
        (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation is terminated; 
    and
        (2) title IV of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
    Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.) (other than subsections (g), 
    (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of that Act) is repealed.
SEC. 1465. TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITIES.
    (a) Provision of Assistance by Officials.--Until the transfer of an 
agency to the Corporation under section 1463, any official having 
authority over, or functions relating to, the agency on the day before 
the date of the enactment of this Act shall provide to the Corporation 
such assistance, including the use of personnel and assets, as the 
Corporation may request in preparing for the transfer and integration 
of the agency into the Corporation.
    (b) Services and Personnel.--During the transition period, upon the 
request of the Corporation, the head of any executive agency may, on a 
reimbursable or non-reimbursable basis, provide services or detail 
personnel to assist with the transition.
    (c) Acting Officials.--
        (1) In general.--During the transition period, pending the 
    advice and consent of the Senate to the appointment of an officer 
    required by this division to be appointed by and with such advice 
    and consent, the President may designate any officer whose 
    appointment was required to be made by and with such advice and 
    consent and who was such an officer before the end of the 
    transition period (and who continues in office) or immediately 
    before such designation, to act in such office until the same is 
    filled as provided in this division. While so acting, such officers 
    shall receive compensation at the higher of--
            (A) the rates provided by this division for the respective 
        offices in which they act; or
            (B) the rates provided for the offices held at the time of 
        designation.
        (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this division shall be 
    construed to require the advice and consent of the Senate to the 
    appointment by the President to a position in the Corporation of 
    any officer whose agency is transferred to the Corporation pursuant 
    to this title and whose duties following such transfer are germane 
    to those performed before such transfer.
    (d) Transfer of Personnel, Assets, Obligations, and Functions.--
Upon the transfer of an agency to the Corporation under section 1463--
        (1) the personnel, assets, and obligations held by or available 
    in connection with the agency shall be transferred to the 
    Corporation for appropriate allocation, subject to the approval of 
    the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and in 
    accordance with section 1531(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code; 
    and
        (2) the Corporation shall have all functions--
            (A) relating to the agency that any other official could by 
        law exercise in relation to the agency immediately before such 
        transfer; and
            (B) vested in the Corporation by this division or other 
        law.
SEC. 1466. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.
    (a) Completed Administrative Actions.--
        (1) In general.--Completed administrative actions of an agency 
    shall not be affected by the enactment of this Act or the transfer 
    of such agency to the Corporation under section 1463, but shall 
    continue in effect according to their terms until amended, 
    modified, superseded, terminated, set aside, or revoked in 
    accordance with law by an officer of the United States or a court 
    of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law.
        (2) Completed administrative action defined.--In this 
    subsection, the term ``completed administrative action'' includes 
    orders, determinations, rules, regulations, personnel actions, 
    permits, agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, policies, 
    licenses, registrations, and privileges.
    (b) Pending Proceedings.--
        (1) In general.--Pending proceedings in an agency, including 
    notices of proposed rulemaking, and applications for licenses, 
    permits, certificates, grants, and financial assistance, shall 
    continue notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer 
    of the agency to the Corporation, unless discontinued or modified 
    under the same terms and conditions and to the same extent that 
    such discontinuance could have occurred if such enactment or 
    transfer had not occurred.
        (2) Orders.--Orders issued in proceedings described in 
    paragraph (1), and appeals therefrom, and payments made pursuant to 
    such orders, shall issue in the same manner and on the same terms 
    as if this division had not been enacted or the agency had not been 
    transferred, and any such orders shall continue in effect until 
    amended, modified, superseded, terminated, set aside, or revoked by 
    an officer of the United States or a court of competent 
    jurisdiction, or by operation of law.
    (c) Pending Civil Actions.--Pending civil actions shall continue 
notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer of an agency 
to the Corporation, and in such civil actions, proceedings shall be 
had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered and enforced in the same 
manner and with the same effect as if such enactment or transfer had 
not occurred.
    (d) References.--References relating to an agency that is 
transferred to the Corporation under section 1463 in statutes, 
Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, or delegations of 
authority that precede such transfer or the date of the enactment of 
this Act shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the Corporation, 
to its officers, employees, or agents, or to its corresponding 
organizational units or functions. Statutory reporting requirements 
that applied in relation to such an agency immediately before the 
effective date of this division shall continue to apply following such 
transfer if they refer to the agency by name.
    (e) Employment Provisions.--
        (1) Regulations.--The Corporation may, in regulations 
    prescribed jointly with the Director of the Office of Personnel 
    Management, adopt the rules, procedures, terms, and conditions, 
    established by statute, rule, or regulation before the date of the 
    enactment of this Act, relating to employment in any agency 
    transferred to the Corporation under section 1463.
        (2) Effect of transfer on conditions of employment.--Except as 
    otherwise provided in this division, or under authority granted by 
    this division, the transfer pursuant to this title of personnel 
    shall not alter the terms and conditions of employment, including 
    compensation, of any employee so transferred.
    (f) Statutory Reporting Requirements.--Any statutory reporting 
requirement that applied to an agency transferred to the Corporation 
under this title immediately before the date of the enactment of this 
Act shall continue to apply following that transfer if the statutory 
requirement refers to the agency by name.
SEC. 1467. OTHER TERMINATIONS.
    Except as otherwise provided in this division, whenever all the 
functions vested by law in any agency have been transferred pursuant to 
this title, each position and office the incumbent of which was 
authorized to receive compensation at the rates prescribed for an 
office or position at level II, III, IV, or V of the Executive Schedule 
under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, shall 
terminate.
SEC. 1468. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS.
    The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in 
consultation with the Corporation, is authorized and directed to make 
such additional incidental dispositions of personnel, assets, and 
liabilities held, used, arising from, available, or to be made 
available, in connection with the functions transferred by this title, 
as the Director may determine necessary to accomplish the purposes of 
this division.
SEC. 1469. REFERENCE.
    With respect to any function transferred under this title 
(including under a reorganization plan under section 1462) and 
exercised on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, reference 
in any other Federal law to any department, commission, or agency or 
any officer or office the functions of which are so transferred shall 
be deemed to refer to the Corporation or official or component of the 
Corporation to which that function is so transferred.
SEC. 1470. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
    (a) Exempt Programs.--Section 255(g) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)) is amended by 
striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation, Noncredit Account 
(71-4184-0-3-151).'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation.''.
    (b) Executive Schedule.--Title 5, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) in section 5314, by striking ``President, Overseas Private 
    Investment Corporation.'';
        (2) in section 5315, by striking ``Executive Vice President, 
    Overseas Private Investment Corporation.''; and
        (3) in section 5316, by striking ``Vice Presidents, Overseas 
    Private Investment Corporation (3).''.
    (c) Office of International Trade of the Small Business 
Administration.--Section 22 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 649) 
is amended--
        (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
    by striking ``the President of the Overseas Private Investment 
    Corporation, Director'' and inserting ``the Board of Directors of 
    the United States International Development Finance Corporation, 
    the Director''; and
        (2) by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' 
    each place it appears and inserting ``United States International 
    Development Finance Corporation''.
    (d) United States and Foreign Commercial Service.--Section 2301 of 
the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4721) is amended by 
striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (e) Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee.--Section 2312(d)(1)(K) 
of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4727(d)(1)(K)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (f) Interagency Trade Data Advisory Committee.--Section 5402(b) of 
the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4902(b)) 
is amended by striking ``the President of the Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``the Chief Executive Officer of 
the United States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (g) Misuse of Names of Federal Agencies.--Section 709 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ```Overseas Private 
Investment', `Overseas Private Investment Corporation', or `OPIC','' 
and inserting ```United States International Development Finance 
Corporation' or `DFC'''.
    (h) Engagement on Currency Exchange Rate and Economic Policies.--
Section 701(c)(1)(A) of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement 
Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4421(c)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States 
International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (i) Internships With Institute for International Public Policy.--
Section 625 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1131c(a)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (j) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--The Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended--
        (1) in section 116--
            (A) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, and no support may 
        be provided under title II of the Better Utilization of 
        Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018,'' after ``this 
        part'';
            (B) in the first subsection (b)--
                (i) by inserting ``or title II of the Better 
            Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 
            2018'' after ``this part'';
                (ii) by inserting ``or the Chief Executive Officer of 
            the United States International Development Finance 
            Corporation, as applicable,'' after ``this Act'';
                (iii) by inserting ``or support'' after ``the 
            assistance''; and
                (iv) by inserting ``or support'' after ``such 
            assistance'' each place it appears;
            (C) in the second subsection (b), by inserting ``under this 
        part, and no support may be provided under title II of the 
        Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 
        2018,'' after ``provided''; and
            (D) in subsection (c), by striking ``under this part, the 
        Administrator'' and inserting ``under this part, or support 
        provided under title II of the Better Utilization of 
        Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018, the 
        Administrator, or the Chief Executive Officer of the United 
        States International Development Finance Corporation, as 
        applicable,'';
        (2) in section 449B(b)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2296b(b)(2)), by striking 
    ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
    States International Development Finance Corporation''; and
        (3) in section 481(e)(4)(A) (22 U.S.C. 2291(e)(4)(A)), in the 
    matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``(including programs 
    under title IV of chapter 2, relating to the Overseas Private 
    Investment Corporation)'' and inserting ``(and any support under 
    title II of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to 
    Development Act of 2018, relating to the United States 
    International Development Finance Corporation)''.
    (k) Electrify Africa Act of 2015.--Sections 5 and 7 of the 
Electrify Africa Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-121; 22 U.S.C. 2293 note) 
are amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' 
each place it appears and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (l) Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016.--
Section 2(3) of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 
2016 (Public Law 114-191; 22 U.S.C. 2394c note) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``except for'' and all 
    that follows through ``chapter 3'' and insert ``except for chapter 
    3'';
        (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (3) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(E) the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to 
        Development Act of 2018.''.
    (m) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program.--The 
Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 
et seq.) is amended--
        (1) in section 2(c) (22 U.S.C. 5401(c)), by striking paragraph 
    (12) and inserting the following:
        ``(12) United states international development finance 
    corporation.--Programs of the United States International 
    Development Finance Corporation.''; and
        (2) in section 201 (22 U.S.C. 5421), by striking subsection (e) 
    and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Grants to Enterprise Funds.--Funds appropriated to the 
President pursuant to subsection (b) shall be granted to the Enterprise 
Funds to carry out the purposes specified in subsection (a) and for the 
administrative expenses of each Enterprise Fund--
        ``(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), by the United States 
    Agency for International Development; or
        ``(2) if the Enterprise Funds are transferred to the United 
    States International Development Finance Corporation pursuant to 
    section 1463(b) of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to 
    Development Act of 2018, by the Corporation.''.
    (n) Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 
1996.--Section 202(b)(2)(B)(iv) of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic 
Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (22 U.S.C. 6062(b)(2)(B)(iv)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (o) International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.--Section 
405(a)(10) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 
U.S.C. 6445(a)(10)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (p) Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.--Section 103(8)(A) 
of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 
7102(8)(A)) is amended in clause (viii) to read as follows:
                ``(viii) any support under title II of the Better 
            Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 
            2018 relating to the United States International 
            Development Finance Corporation; and''.
    (q) Technology Deployment in Developing Countries.--Section 732(b) 
of the Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989 (22 
U.S.C. 7902(b)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development 
Finance Corporation''.
    (r) Expanded Nonmilitary Assistance for Ukraine.--Section 7(c)(3) 
of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8926(c)(3)) is 
amended--
        (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``Overseas private 
    investment corporation'' and inserting ``United states 
    international development finance corporation'';
        (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
    ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
    States International Development Finance Corporation''; and
        (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``by eligible investors 
    (as defined in section 238 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
    (22 U.S.C. 2198))''.
    (s) Global Food Security Act of 2016.--Section 4(7) of the Global 
Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303(7)) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (t) Sense of Congress on European and Eurasian Energy Security.--
Section 257(c)(2)(B) of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and 
Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9546(c)(2)(B)) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (u) Wholly Owned Government Corporation.--Section 9101(3) of title 
31, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (v) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.--Title IX of the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17321 et seq.) 
is amended--
        (1) in section 914 (42 U.S.C. 17334)--
            (A) in the section heading, by striking ``overseas private 
        investment corporation'' and inserting ``united states 
        international development finance corporation'';
            (B) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' 
        and inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation''; and
            (C) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation 
        shall include in its annual report required under section 240A 
        of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2200a)'' and 
        inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation shall include in its annual report required under 
        section 1443 of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading 
        to Development Act of 2018''; and
        (2) in section 916(a)(2)(I) (42 U.S.C. 17336(a)(2)(I)), by 
    striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation:'' and inserting 
    ``United States International Development Finance Corporation;''.
    (w) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect at the end of the transition period.

                     DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

SEC. 1501. SYRIA STUDY GROUP.
    (a) Establishment.--There is established a working group to be 
known as the ``Syria Study Group'' (in this section referred to as the 
``Group'').
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Group is to examine and make 
recommendations on the military and diplomatic strategy of the United 
States with respect to the conflict in Syria.
    (c) Composition.--
        (1) Membership.--The Group shall be composed of 12 members, 
    none of whom may be members of Congress, who shall be appointed as 
    follows:
            (A) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the Senate.
            (B) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
        the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate.
            (C) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
        Foreign Relations of the Senate.
            (D) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
        the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
            (E) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
            (F) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
        the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives.
            (G) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
        Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
            (H) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
        the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives.
            (I) One member appointed by the majority leader of the 
        Senate.
            (J) One member appointed by the minority leader of the 
        Senate.
            (K) One member appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
        Representatives.
            (L) One member appointed by the minority leader of the 
        House of Representatives.
        (2) Co-chairs.--
            (A) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall be 
        jointly designated by--
                (i) the chairs of the Committee on Armed Services and 
            the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                (ii) the chairs of the Committee on Armed Services and 
            the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
            Representatives;
                (iii) the majority leader of the Senate; and
                (iv) the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
            (B) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall be 
        jointly designated by--
                (i) the ranking minority members of the Committee on 
            Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
            the Senate;
                (ii) the ranking minority members of the Committee on 
            Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
            House of Representatives;
                (iii) the minority leader of the Senate; and
                (iv) the minority leader of the House of 
            Representatives.
        (3) Period of appointment.--A member shall be appointed for the 
    life of the Group.
        (4) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Group shall be filled in the 
    same manner as the original appointment.
    (d) Duties.--
        (1) Review.--The Group shall conduct a review on the current 
    United States military and diplomatic strategy with respect to the 
    conflict in Syria that includes a review of current United States 
    objectives in Syria and the desired end state in Syria.
        (2) Assessment and recommendations.--The Group shall--
            (A) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current 
        situation in Syria, the impact of such situation on neighboring 
        countries, the resulting regional and geopolitical threats to 
        the United States, and current military, diplomatic, and 
        political efforts to achieve a stable Syria; and
            (B) develop recommendations on the military and diplomatic 
        strategy of the United States with respect to the conflict in 
        Syria.
    (e) Cooperation of United States Government.--
        (1) In general.--The Group shall receive the full and timely 
    cooperation of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, 
    and the Director of National Intelligence in providing the Group 
    with analyses, briefings, and other information necessary for the 
    discharge of the duties of the Group under subsection (d).
        (2) Liaison.--The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, 
    and the Director of National Intelligence shall each designate at 
    least one officer or employee of the Department of Defense, the 
    Department of State, and the Office of the Director of National 
    Intelligence, respectively, to serve as a liaison to the Group.
        (3) Facilitation.--The United States Institute of Peace shall 
    take appropriate actions to facilitate the Group in the discharge 
    of the duties of the Group under this section.
    (f) Reports.--
        (1) Final report.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the 
        President, the Secretary of Defense, the Committee on Armed 
        Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
        the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign 
        Affairs of the House of Representatives, the majority and 
        minority leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of 
        Representatives, and the minority leader of the House of 
        Representatives a report that sets forth the findings, 
        conclusions, and recommendations of the Group under this 
        section.
            (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph (A) 
        shall include each of the following:
                (i) An assessment of the current security, political, 
            humanitarian, and economic situations in Syria.
                (ii) An assessment of the current participation and 
            objectives of the various external actors in Syria.
                (iii) An assessment of the consequences of continued 
            conflict in Syria.
                (iv) Recommendations for a resolution to the conflict 
            in Syria, including--

                    (I) options for a gradual political transition to a 
                post-Assad Syria; and
                    (II) actions necessary for reconciliation.

                (v) A roadmap for a United States and coalition 
            strategy to reestablish security and governance in Syria, 
            including recommendations for the synchronization of 
            stabilization, development, counterterrorism, and 
            reconstruction efforts.
                (vi) Any other matter with respect to the conflict in 
            Syria that the Group considers to be appropriate.
        (2) Interim report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
    enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the Committee 
    on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
    Senate, the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
    Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the majority and 
    minority leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of 
    Representatives, and the minority leader of the House of 
    Representatives a report that describes the status of the review 
    and assessment under subsection (d) and any interim recommendations 
    developed by the Group as of the date of the briefing.
        (3) Form of report.--The report submitted to Congress under 
    paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
    include a classified annex.
    (g) Termination.--The Group shall terminate on the date that is 180 
days after the date on which the Group submits the report required by 
subsection (f)(1).

                DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Preventing Emerging Threats Act 
of 2018''.
SEC. 1602. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED 
AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title II of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``SEC. 210G. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED 
AIRCRAFT.
    ``(a) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United 
States Code, or sections 32, 1030, 1367 and chapters 119 and 206 of 
title 18, United States Code, the Secretary and the Attorney General 
may, for their respective Departments, take, and may authorize 
personnel with assigned duties that include the security or protection 
of people, facilities, or assets, to take such actions as are described 
in subsection (b)(1) that are necessary to mitigate a credible threat 
(as defined by the Secretary or the Attorney General, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Transportation) that an unmanned aircraft system 
or unmanned aircraft poses to the safety or security of a covered 
facility or asset.
    ``(b) Actions Described.--
        ``(1) In general.--The actions authorized in subsection (a) are 
    the following:
            ``(A) During the operation of the unmanned aircraft system, 
        detect, identify, monitor, and track the unmanned aircraft 
        system or unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including 
        by means of intercept or other access of a wire communication, 
        an oral communication, or an electronic communication used to 
        control the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
            ``(B) Warn the operator of the unmanned aircraft system or 
        unmanned aircraft, including by passive or active, and direct 
        or indirect physical, electronic, radio, and electromagnetic 
        means.
            ``(C) Disrupt control of the unmanned aircraft system or 
        unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including by 
        disabling the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft by 
        intercepting, interfering, or causing interference with wire, 
        oral, electronic, or radio communications used to control the 
        unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
            ``(D) Seize or exercise control of the unmanned aircraft 
        system or unmanned aircraft.
            ``(E) Seize or otherwise confiscate the unmanned aircraft 
        system or unmanned aircraft.
            ``(F) Use reasonable force, if necessary, to disable, 
        damage, or destroy the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned 
        aircraft.
        ``(2) Required coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney 
    General shall develop for their respective Departments the actions 
    described in paragraph (1) in coordination with the Secretary of 
    Transportation.
        ``(3) Research, testing, training, and evaluation.--The 
    Secretary and the Attorney General shall conduct research, testing, 
    training on, and evaluation of any equipment, including any 
    electronic equipment, to determine its capability and utility prior 
    to the use of any such technology for any action described in 
    subsection (b)(1).
        ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney General 
    shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration when any action authorized by this section might 
    affect aviation safety, civilian aviation and aerospace operations, 
    aircraft airworthiness, or the use of the airspace.
    ``(c) Forfeiture.--Any unmanned aircraft system or unmanned 
aircraft described in subsection (a) that is seized by the Secretary or 
the Attorney General is subject to forfeiture to the United States.
    ``(d) Regulations and Guidance.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, the Attorney General, and the 
    Secretary of Transportation may prescribe regulations and shall 
    issue guidance in the respective areas of each Secretary or the 
    Attorney General to carry out this section.
        ``(2) Coordination.--
            ``(A) Coordination with department of transportation.--The 
        Secretary and the Attorney General shall coordinate the 
        development of their respective guidance under paragraph (1) 
        with the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(B) Effect on aviation safety.--The Secretary and the 
        Attorney General shall respectively coordinate with the 
        Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration before issuing any guidance, or 
        otherwise implementing this section, if such guidance or 
        implementation might affect aviation safety, civilian aviation 
        and aerospace operations, aircraft airworthiness, or the use of 
        airspace.
    ``(e) Privacy Protection.--The regulations or guidance issued to 
carry out actions authorized under subsection (b) by each Secretary or 
the Attorney General, as the case may be, shall ensure that--
        ``(1) the interception or acquisition of, or access to, or 
    maintenance or use of, communications to or from an unmanned 
    aircraft system under this section is conducted in a manner 
    consistent with the First and Fourth Amendments to the Constitution 
    of the United States and applicable provisions of Federal law;
        ``(2) communications to or from an unmanned aircraft system are 
    intercepted or acquired only to the extent necessary to support an 
    action described in subsection (b)(1);
        ``(3) records of such communications are maintained only for as 
    long as necessary, and in no event for more than 180 days, unless 
    the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General 
    determine that maintenance of such records is necessary to 
    investigate or prosecute a violation of law, directly support an 
    ongoing security operation, is required under Federal law, or for 
    the purpose of any litigation;
        ``(4) such communications are not disclosed outside the 
    Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Justice unless 
    the disclosure--
            ``(A) is necessary to investigate or prosecute a violation 
        of law;
            ``(B) would support the Department of Defense, a Federal 
        law enforcement agency, or the enforcement activities of a 
        regulatory agency of the Federal Government in connection with 
        a criminal or civil investigation of, or any regulatory, 
        statutory, or other enforcement action relating to an action 
        described in subsection (b)(1);
            ``(C) is between the Department of Homeland Security and 
        the Department of Justice in the course of a security or 
        protection operation of either agency or a joint operation of 
        such agencies; or
            ``(D) is otherwise required by law; and
        ``(5) to the extent necessary, the Department of Homeland 
    Security and the Department of Justice are authorized to share 
    threat information, which shall not include communications referred 
    to in subsection (b), with State, local, territorial, or tribal law 
    enforcement agencies in the course of a security or protection 
    operation.
    ``(f) Budget.--The Secretary and the Attorney General shall submit 
to Congress, as a part of the homeland security or justice budget 
materials for each fiscal year after fiscal year 2019, a consolidated 
funding display that identifies the funding source for the actions 
described in subsection (b)(1) within the Department of Homeland 
Security or the Department of Justice. The funding display shall be in 
unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
    ``(g) Semiannual Briefings and Notifications.--
        ``(1) In general.--On a semiannual basis during the period 
    beginning 6 months after the date of enactment of this section and 
    ending on the date specified in subsection (i), the Secretary and 
    the Attorney General shall, respectively, provide a briefing to the 
    appropriate congressional committees on the activities carried out 
    pursuant to this section.
        ``(2) Requirement.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) 
    shall be conducted jointly with the Secretary of Transportation.
        ``(3) Content.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) 
    shall include--
            ``(A) policies, programs, and procedures to mitigate or 
        eliminate impacts of such activities to the National Airspace 
        System;
            ``(B) a description of instances in which actions described 
        in subsection (b)(1) have been taken, including all such 
        instances that may have resulted in harm, damage, or loss to a 
        person or to private property;
            ``(C) a description of the guidance, policies, or 
        procedures established to address privacy, civil rights, and 
        civil liberties issues implicated by the actions allowed under 
        this section, as well as any changes or subsequent efforts that 
        would significantly affect privacy, civil rights or civil 
        liberties;
            ``(D) a description of options considered and steps taken 
        to mitigate any identified impacts to the national airspace 
        system related to the use of any system or technology, 
        including the minimization of the use of any technology that 
        disrupts the transmission of radio or electronic signals, for 
        carrying out the actions described in subsection (b)(1);
            ``(E) a description of instances in which communications 
        intercepted or acquired during the course of operations of an 
        unmanned aircraft system were held for more than 180 days or 
        shared outside of the Department of Justice or the Department 
        of Homeland Security;
            ``(F) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the 
        Secretary of Transportation have informed the public as to the 
        possible use of authorities under this section;
            ``(G) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the 
        Secretary of Transportation have engaged with Federal, State, 
        and local law enforcement agencies to implement and use such 
        authorities.
        ``(4) Unclassified form.--Each briefing required under 
    paragraph (1) shall be in unclassified form, but may be accompanied 
    by an additional classified briefing.
        ``(5) Notification.--Within 30 days of deploying any new 
    technology to carry out the actions described in subsection (b)(1), 
    the Secretary and the Attorney General shall, respectively, submit 
    a notification to the appropriate congressional committees. Such 
    notification shall include a description of options considered to 
    mitigate any identified impacts to the national airspace system 
    related to the use of any system or technology, including the 
    minimization of the use of any technology that disrupts the 
    transmission of radio or electronic signals, for carrying out the 
    actions described in subsection (b)(1).
    ``(h) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to--
        ``(1) vest in the Secretary or the Attorney General any 
    authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator 
    of the Federal Aviation Administration;
        ``(2) vest in the Secretary of Transportation or the 
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration any authority 
    of the Secretary or the Attorney General;
        ``(3) vest in the Secretary of Homeland Security any authority 
    of the Attorney General;
        ``(4) vest in the Attorney General any authority of the 
    Secretary of Homeland Security; or
        ``(5) provide a new basis of liability for any State, local, 
    territorial, or tribal law enforcement officers who participate in 
    the protection of a mass gathering identified by the Secretary or 
    Attorney General under subsection (k)(3)(C)(iii)(II), act within 
    the scope of their authority, and do not exercise the authority 
    granted to the Secretary and Attorney General by this section.
    ``(i) Termination.--The authority to carry out this section with 
respect to a covered facility or asset specified in subsection (k)(3) 
shall terminate on the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment 
of this section.
    ``(j) Scope of Authority.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to provide the Secretary or the Attorney General with 
additional authorities beyond those described in subsections (a) and 
(k)(3)(C)(iii).
    ``(k) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) The term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
            ``(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
        Senate; and
            ``(B) the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Energy and 
        Commerce, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
        Representatives.
        ``(2) The term `budget', with respect to a fiscal year, means 
    the budget for that fiscal year that is submitted to Congress by 
    the President under section 1105(a) of title 31.
        ``(3) The term `covered facility or asset' means any facility 
    or asset that--
            ``(A) is identified as high-risk and a potential target for 
        unlawful unmanned aircraft activity by the Secretary or the 
        Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of 
        Transportation with respect to potentially impacted airspace, 
        through a risk-based assessment for purposes of this section 
        (except that in the case of the missions described in 
        subparagraph (C)(i)(II) and (C)(iii)(I), such missions shall be 
        presumed to be for the protection of a facility or asset that 
        is assessed to be high-risk and a potential target for unlawful 
        unmanned aircraft activity);
            ``(B) is located in the United States (including the 
        territories and possessions, territorial seas or navigable 
        waters of the United States); and
            ``(C) directly relates to one or more--
                ``(i) missions authorized to be performed by the 
            Department of Homeland Security, consistent with governing 
            statutes, regulations, and orders issued by the Secretary, 
            pertaining to--

                    ``(I) security or protection functions of the U.S. 
                Customs and Border Protection, including securing or 
                protecting facilities, aircraft, and vessels, whether 
                moored or underway;
                    ``(II) United States Secret Service protection 
                operations pursuant to sections 3056(a) and 3056A(a) of 
                title 18, United States Code, and the Presidential 
                Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056 
                note); or
                    ``(III) protection of facilities pursuant to 
                section 1315(a) of title 40, United States Code;

                ``(ii) missions authorized to be performed by the 
            Department of Justice, consistent with governing statutes, 
            regulations, and orders issued by the Attorney General, 
            pertaining to--

                    ``(I) personal protection operations by--

                        ``(aa) the Federal Bureau of Investigation as 
                    specified in section 533 of title 28, United States 
                    Code; and
                        ``(bb) the United States Marshals Service of 
                    Federal jurists, court officers, witnesses, and 
                    other threatened persons in the interests of 
                    justice, as specified in section 566(e)(1)(A) of 
                    title 28, United States Code;

                    ``(II) protection of penal, detention, and 
                correctional facilities and operations conducted by the 
                Federal Bureau of Prisons; or
                    ``(III) protection of the buildings and grounds 
                leased, owned, or operated by or for the Department of 
                Justice, and the provision of security for Federal 
                courts, as specified in section 566(a) of title 28, 
                United States Code;

                ``(iii) missions authorized to be performed by the 
            Department of Homeland Security or the Department of 
            Justice, acting together or separately, consistent with 
            governing statutes, regulations, and orders issued by the 
            Secretary or the Attorney General, respectively, pertaining 
            to--

                    ``(I) protection of a National Special Security 
                Event and Special Event Assessment Rating event;
                    ``(II) the provision of support to State, local, 
                territorial, or tribal law enforcement, upon request of 
                the chief executive officer of the State or territory, 
                to ensure protection of people and property at mass 
                gatherings, that is limited to a specified timeframe 
                and location, within available resources, and without 
                delegating any authority under this section to State, 
                local, territorial, or tribal law enforcement; or
                    ``(III) protection of an active Federal law 
                enforcement investigation, emergency response, or 
                security function, that is limited to a specified 
                timeframe and location; and

                ``(iv) missions authorized to be performed by the 
            United States Coast Guard, including those described in 
            clause (iii) as directed by the Secretary, and as further 
            set forth in section 104 of title 14, United States Code, 
            and consistent with governing statutes, regulations, and 
            orders issued by the Secretary of the Department in which 
            the Coast Guard is operating.
        ``(4) The terms `electronic communication', `intercept', `oral 
    communication', and `wire communication' have the meaning given 
    those terms in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code.
        ``(5) The term `homeland security or justice budget materials', 
    with respect to a fiscal year, means the materials submitted to 
    Congress by the Secretary and the Attorney General in support of 
    the budget for that fiscal year.
        ``(6) For purposes of subsection (a), the term `personnel' 
    means officers and employees of the Department of Homeland Security 
    or the Department of Justice.
        ``(7) The terms `unmanned aircraft' and `unmanned aircraft 
    system' have the meanings given those terms in section 44801, of 
    title 49, United States Code.
        ``(8) For purposes of this section, the term `risk-based 
    assessment' includes an evaluation of threat information specific 
    to a covered facility or asset and, with respect to potential 
    impacts on the safety and efficiency of the national airspace 
    system and the needs of law enforcement and national security at 
    each covered facility or asset identified by the Secretary or the 
    Attorney General, respectively, of each of the following factors:
            ``(A) Potential impacts to safety, efficiency, and use of 
        the national airspace system, including potential effects on 
        manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems, aviation safety, 
        airport operations, infrastructure, and air navigation services 
        related to the use of any system or technology for carrying out 
        the actions described in subsection (b)(1).
            ``(B) Options for mitigating any identified impacts to the 
        national airspace system related to the use of any system or 
        technology, including minimizing when possible the use of any 
        technology which disrupts the transmission of radio or 
        electronic signals, for carrying out the actions described in 
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(C) Potential consequences of the impacts of any actions 
        taken under subsection (b)(1) to the national airspace system 
        and infrastructure if not mitigated.
            ``(D) The ability to provide reasonable advance notice to 
        aircraft operators consistent with the safety of the national 
        airspace system and the needs of law enforcement and national 
        security.
            ``(E) The setting and character of any covered facility or 
        asset, including whether it is located in a populated area or 
        near other structures, whether the facility is open to the 
        public, whether the facility is also used for nongovernmental 
        functions, and any potential for interference with wireless 
        communications or for injury or damage to persons or property.
            ``(F) The setting, character, timeframe, and national 
        airspace system impacts of National Special Security Event and 
        Special Event Assessment Rating events.
            ``(G) Potential consequences to national security, public 
        safety, or law enforcement if threats posed by unmanned 
        aircraft systems are not mitigated or defeated.
    ``(l) Department of Homeland Security Assessment.--
        ``(1) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
    enactment of this section, the Secretary shall conduct, in 
    coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of 
    Transportation, an assessment to the appropriate congressional 
    committees, including--
            ``(A) an evaluation of the threat from unmanned aircraft 
        systems to United States critical infrastructure (as defined in 
        this Act) and to domestic large hub airports (as defined in 
        section 40102 of title 49, United States Code);
            ``(B) an evaluation of current Federal and State, local, 
        territorial, or tribal law enforcement authorities to counter 
        the threat identified in subparagraph (A), and recommendations, 
        if any, for potential changes to existing authorities to allow 
        State, local, territorial, and tribal law enforcement to assist 
        Federal law enforcement to counter the threat where 
        appropriate;
            ``(C) an evaluation of the knowledge of, efficiency of, and 
        effectiveness of current procedures and resources available to 
        owners of critical infrastructure and domestic large hub 
        airports when they believe a threat from unmanned aircraft 
        systems is present and what additional actions, if any, the 
        Department of Homeland Security or the Department of 
        Transportation could implement under existing authorities to 
        assist these entities to counter the threat identified in 
        subparagraph (A);
            ``(D) an assessment of what, if any, additional authorities 
        are needed by each Department and law enforcement to counter 
        the threat identified in subparagraph (A); and
            ``(E) an assessment of what, if any, additional research 
        and development the Department needs to counter the threat 
        identified in subparagraph (A).
        ``(2) Unclassified form.--The report required under paragraph 
    (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a 
    classified annex.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
210F the following:

``Sec. 210G. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned 
          aircraft.''.
SEC. 1603. PROTECTING AGAINST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.
    (a) In General.--Chapter 5 of title 14, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 103 the following:
``Sec. 104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft
    ``For the purposes of section 210G(k)(3)(C)(iv) of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002, the missions authorized to be performed by the 
United States Coast Guard shall be those related to--
        ``(1) functions of the U.S. Coast Guard relating to security or 
    protection of facilities and assets assessed to be high-risk and a 
    potential target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity, including 
    the security and protection of--
            ``(A) a facility, including a facility that is under the 
        administrative control of the Commandant; and
            ``(B) a vessel (whether moored or underway) or an aircraft, 
        including a vessel or aircraft--
                ``(i) that is operated by the Coast Guard, or that the 
            Coast Guard is assisting or escorting; and
                ``(ii) that is directly involved in a mission of the 
            Coast Guard pertaining to--

                    ``(I) assisting or escorting a vessel of the 
                Department of Defense;
                    ``(II) assisting or escorting a vessel of national 
                security significance, a high interest vessel, a high 
                capacity passenger vessel, or a high value unit, as 
                those terms are defined by the Secretary;
                    ``(III) section 91(a) of this title;
                    ``(IV) assistance in protecting the President or 
                the Vice President (or other officer next in order of 
                succession to the Office of the President) pursuant to 
                the Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 
                U.S.C. 3056 note);
                    ``(V) protection of a National Special Security 
                Event and Special Event Assessment Rating events;
                    ``(VI) air defense of the United States, including 
                air sovereignty, ground-based air defense, and the 
                National Capital Region integrated air defense system; 
                or
                    ``(VII) a search and rescue operation; and

        ``(2) missions directed by the Secretary pursuant to 
    210G(k)(3)(C)(iii) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 5 of title 14, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 103 the following:

``104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.''.

   DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

    The following sums are hereby appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or 
other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the several departments, 
agencies, corporations, and other organizational units of Government 
for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes, namely:
    

              DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

                   Community Planning and Development

                       community development fund

                     (including transfers of funds)

    For an additional amount for ``Community Development Fund'', 
$1,680,000,000, to remain available until expended, for necessary 
expenses for activities authorized under title I of the Housing and 
Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.) related to 
disaster relief, long-term recovery, restoration of infrastructure and 
housing, and economic revitalization in the most impacted and 
distressed areas resulting from a major disaster declared in 2018 
pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.): Provided, That funds shall be 
awarded directly to the State or unit of general local government at 
the discretion of the Secretary: Provided further, That as a condition 
of making any grant, the Secretary shall certify in advance that such 
grantee has in place proficient financial controls and procurement 
processes and has established adequate procedures to prevent any 
duplication of benefits as defined by section 312 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155), 
to ensure timely expenditure of funds, to maintain comprehensive 
websites regarding all disaster recovery activities assisted with these 
funds, and to detect and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds: 
Provided further, That prior to the obligation of funds a grantee shall 
submit a plan to the Secretary for approval detailing the proposed use 
of all funds, including criteria for eligibility and how the use of 
these funds will address long-term recovery and restoration of 
infrastructure and housing and economic revitalization in the most 
impacted and distressed areas: Provided further, That such funds may 
not be used for activities reimbursable by, or for which funds are made 
available by, the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Army Corps 
of Engineers: Provided further, That funds allocated under this heading 
shall not be considered relevant to the non-disaster formula 
allocations made pursuant to section 106 of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5306): Provided further, That a 
State or subdivision thereof may use up to 5 percent of its allocation 
for administrative costs: Provided further, That in administering the 
funds under this heading, the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
Development may waive, or specify alternative requirements for, any 
provision of any statute or regulation that the Secretary administers 
in connection with the obligation by the Secretary or the use by the 
recipient of these funds (except for requirements related to fair 
housing, nondiscrimination, labor standards, and the environment), if 
the Secretary finds that good cause exists for the waiver or 
alternative requirement and such waiver or alternative requirement 
would not be inconsistent with the overall purpose of title I of the 
Housing and Community Development Act of 1974: Provided further, That, 
notwithstanding the preceding proviso, recipients of funds provided 
under this heading that use such funds to supplement Federal assistance 
provided under section 402, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408(c)(4), or 502 of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) may adopt, without review or public comment, any 
environmental review, approval, or permit performed by a Federal 
agency, and such adoption shall satisfy the responsibilities of the 
recipient with respect to such environmental review, approval or 
permit: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 104(g)(2) of 
the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 
5304(g)(2)), the Secretary may, upon receipt of a request for release 
of funds and certification, immediately approve the release of funds 
for an activity or project assisted under this heading if the recipient 
has adopted an environmental review, approval or permit under the 
preceding proviso or the activity or project is categorically excluded 
from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.): Provided further, That the Secretary shall 
publish via notice in the Federal Register any waiver, or alternative 
requirement, to any statute or regulation that the Secretary 
administers pursuant to title I of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974 no later than 5 days before the effective date 
of such waiver or alternative requirement: Provided further, That of 
the amounts made available under this heading, up to $2,500,000 may be 
transferred, in aggregate, to ``Department of Housing and Urban 
Development--Program Office Salaries and Expenses--Community Planning 
and Development'' for necessary costs, including information technology 
costs, of administering and overseeing the obligation and expenditure 
of amounts under this heading: Provided further, That such amount is 
designated by the Congress as being for an emergency requirement 
pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985: Provided further, That the 
amount designated under this heading as an emergency requirement 
pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 shall be available only if the 
President subsequently so designates such amount and transmits such 
designation to the Congress.
SEC. 1701. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
    (a) Statutory PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained 
pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay As-You-Go Act of 2010.
    (b) Senate PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for 
purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
    (c) Classification of Budgetary Effects.--Notwithstanding Rule 3 of 
the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint explanatory 
statement of the committee of conference accompanying Conference Report 
105-217 and section 250(c)(7) and (c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this 
division shall be estimated for purposes of section 251 of such Act.
    This division may be cited as the ``Supplemental Appropriations for 
Disaster Relief Act, 2018''.

                     DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

SEC. 1801. SHORT TITLE.
    This division may be cited as the ``Maritime Security Improvement 
Act of 2018''.
SEC. 1802. DEFINITIONS.
    In this division:
        (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate 
    committees of Congress'' means--
            (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate;
            (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate;
            (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (D) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
        the House of Representatives.
        (2) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation Security 
    Administration.
SEC. 1803. COORDINATION WITH TSA ON MARITIME FACILITIES.
    The Secretary of Homeland Security shall--
        (1) provide the Administrator of the TSA with updates to 
    vulnerability assessments required under section 70102(b)(3) of 
    title 46, United States Code, to avoid any duplication of effort 
    between the Coast Guard and the TSA; and
        (2) identify any security gaps between authorities of operating 
    entities within the Department of Homeland Security that a threat 
    could exploit to cause a transportation security incident (as 
    defined in section 70101 of title 46, United States Code).
SEC. 1804. STRATEGIC PLAN TO ENHANCE THE SECURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
SUPPLY CHAIN.
    Section 201 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act 
of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 941) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``as appropriate'' and 
    inserting ``triennially''; and
        (2) in subsection (g)--
            (A) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and inserting 
        ``Reports''; and
            (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
        ``(2) Updates.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
    enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018 and 
    triennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
    appropriate congressional committees a report that contains any 
    updates to the strategic plan under subsection (a) since the prior 
    report.''.
SEC. 1805. CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION SHARING AND COORDINATION IN PORTS.
    (a) Maritime Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Model.--The Secretary of 
Homeland Security, through the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the 
Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure 
protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department 
of Homeland Security, shall--
        (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
    Act, coordinate with the National Maritime Security Advisory 
    Committee, the Area Maritime Security Advisory Committees, and 
    other maritime stakeholders, as necessary, to develop and implement 
    a maritime cybersecurity risk assessment model, consistent with the 
    activities described in section 2(e) of the National Institute of 
    Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(e)), to evaluate 
    current and future cybersecurity risks that have the potential to 
    affect the marine transportation system or that would cause a 
    transportation security incident (as defined in section 70101 of 
    title 46, United States Code) in ports; and
        (2) not less than biennially thereafter, evaluate the 
    effectiveness of the cybersecurity risk assessment model 
    established under paragraph (1).
    (b) Port Security; Definitions.--Section 70101 of title 46, United 
States Code, is amended--
        (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as paragraphs 
    (3) through (7), respectively; and
        (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
        ``(2) The term `cybersecurity risk' has the meaning given the 
    term in section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
    148).''.
    (c) National Maritime Security Advisory Committee.--
        (1) Functions.--Section 70112(a)(1)(A) of title 46, United 
    States Code, is amended by inserting before the semicolon the 
    following: ``, including on enhancing the sharing of information 
    related to cybersecurity risks that may cause a transportation 
    security incident, between relevant Federal agencies and--
                ``(i) State, local, and tribal governments;
                ``(ii) relevant public safety and emergency response 
            agencies;
                ``(iii) relevant law enforcement and security 
            organizations;
                ``(iv) maritime industry;
                ``(v) port owners and operators; and
                ``(vi) terminal owners and operators;''.
        (2) Information sharing.--The Commandant of the Coast Guard and 
    the Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical 
    infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, and other related 
    programs of the Department of Homeland Security shall--
            (A) ensure there is a process for each Area Maritime 
        Security Advisory Committee established under section 70112 of 
        title 46, United States Code--
                (i) to facilitate the sharing of information related to 
            cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security 
            incidents;
                (ii) to timely report transportation security incidents 
            to the national level; and
                (iii) to disseminate such reports across the entire 
            maritime transportation system via the National 
            Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center; and
            (B) issue voluntary guidance for the management of such 
        cybersecurity risks in each Area Maritime Transportation 
        Security Plan and facility security plan required under section 
        70103 of title 46, United States Code, approved after the date 
        that the cybersecurity risk assessment model is developed under 
        subsection (a) of this section.
    (d) Vulnerability Assessments and Security Plans.--
        (1) Facility and vessel assessments.--Section 70102(b)(1) of 
    title 46, United States Code, is amended--
            (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``and by not later than December 31, 2004''; and
            (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``security against 
        cybersecurity risks,'' after ``physical security,''.
        (2) Maritime transportation security plans.--Section 70103 of 
    title 46, United States Code, is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later than 
        April 1, 2005, the'' and inserting ``The'';
            (B) in subsection (a)(2), by adding at the end the 
        following:
            ``(K) A plan to detect, respond to, and recover from 
        cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security 
        incidents.'';
            (C) in subsection (b)(2)--
                (i) in subparagraph (G)(ii), by striking ``; and'' and 
            inserting a semicolon;
                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as subparagraph 
            (I); and
                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the 
            following:
            ``(H) include a plan for detecting, responding to, and 
        recovering from cybersecurity risks that may cause 
        transportation security incidents; and''; and
            (D) in subsection (c)(3)(C)--
                (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``; and'' and inserting 
            a semicolon;
                (ii) by redesignating clause (v) as clause (vi); and
                (iii) by inserting after clause (iv) the following:
                ``(v) detecting, responding to, and recovering from 
            cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security 
            incidents; and''.
        (3) Applicability.--The amendments made by this subsection 
    shall apply to assessments or security plans, or updates to such 
    assessments or plans, submitted after the date that the 
    cybersecurity risk assessment model is developed under subsection 
    (a).
    (e) Brief to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the Under 
Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure 
protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department 
of Homeland Security shall provide to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a briefing on how the Coast Guard will assist in security and 
response in the port environment when a cyber-caused transportation 
security incident occurs, to include the use of cyber protection teams.
SEC. 1806. FACILITY INSPECTION INTERVALS.
    Section 70103(c)(4)(D) of title 46, United States Code, is amended 
to read as follows:
            ``(D) subject to the availability of appropriations, 
        periodically, but not less than one time per year, conduct a 
        risk-based, no notice facility inspection to verify the 
        effectiveness of each such facility security plan.''.
SEC. 1807. UPDATES OF MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN.
    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``SEC. 435. MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN.
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and 
biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall--
        ``(1) update the Maritime Operations Coordination Plan, 
    published by the Department on July 7, 2011, to strengthen 
    coordination, planning, information sharing, and intelligence 
    integration for maritime operations of components and offices of 
    the Department with responsibility for maritime security missions; 
    and
        ``(2) submit each update to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
    and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and 
    Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
    Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland 
    Security of the House of Representatives.
    ``(b) Contents.--Each update shall address the following:
        ``(1) Coordinating the planning, integration of maritime 
    operations, and development of joint maritime domain awareness 
    efforts of any component or office of the Department with 
    responsibility for maritime security missions.
        ``(2) Maintaining effective information sharing and, as 
    appropriate, intelligence integration, with Federal, State, and 
    local officials and the private sector, regarding threats to 
    maritime security.
        ``(3) Cooperating and coordinating with Federal departments and 
    agencies, and State and local agencies, in the maritime 
    environment, in support of maritime security missions.
        ``(4) Highlighting the work completed within the context of 
    other national and Department maritime security strategic guidance 
    and how that work fits with the Maritime Operations Coordination 
    Plan.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136) 
is amended by adding after the item relating to section 434 the 
following:

``435. Maritime operations coordination plan.''.
SEC. 1808. EVALUATION OF COAST GUARD DEPLOYABLE SPECIALIZED FORCES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the 
Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report 
on the state of the Coast Guard's Deployable Specialized Forces 
(referred to in this section as DSF).
    (b) Contents.--The report shall include, at a minimum, the 
following:
        (1) For each of the past 3 fiscal years, and for each type of 
    DSF, the following:
            (A) A cost analysis, including training, operating, and 
        travel costs.
            (B) The number of personnel assigned.
            (C) The total number of units.
            (D) The total number of operations conducted.
            (E) The number of operations requested by each of the 
        following:
                (i) Coast Guard.
                (ii) Other components or offices of the Department of 
            Homeland Security.
                (iii) Other Federal departments or agencies.
                (iv) State agencies.
                (v) Local agencies.
            (F) The number of operations fulfilled in support of each 
        entity described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph 
        (E).
        (2) An examination of alternative distributions of deployable 
    specialized forces, including the feasibility, cost (including cost 
    savings), and impact on mission capability of such distributions, 
    including at a minimum the following:
            (A) Combining deployable specialized forces, primarily 
        focused on counterdrug operations, under one centralized 
        command.
            (B) Distributing counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism 
        capabilities to deployable specialized forces in each major 
        United States port.
    (c) Definition of Deployable Specialized Forces or DSF.--In this 
section, the term ``deployable specialized forces'' or ``DSF'' means 
the deployable specialized forces established under section 70106 of 
title 46, United States Code.
SEC. 1809. REPEAL OF INTERAGENCY OPERATIONAL CENTERS FOR PORT SECURITY 
AND SECURE SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORTATION.
    (a) Interagency Operational Centers for Port Security.--
        (1) Repeal.--Section 70107A of title 46, United States Code, is 
    repealed.
        (2) Savings clause.--A repeal made by this subsection shall not 
    affect an interagency operational center established before the 
    date of enactment of this Act.
        (3) Notice to congress.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
    shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
    of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security and the 
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
    Representatives at least 1 year before ceasing operations of any 
    interagency operational center established before the date of 
    enactment of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 
    2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1884).
    (b) Secure Systems of Transportation.--Section 70116 of title 46, 
United States Code, is repealed.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 701 
    of title 46, United States Code, is amended by striking the items 
    relating to sections 70107A and 70116.
        (2) Report requirement.--Section 108 of the Security and 
    Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 
    Stat. 1893) is amended by striking subsection (b) (46 U.S.C. 70107A 
    note) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) [Reserved].''.
SEC. 1810. DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN.
    (a) GAO Analysis.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall--
        (1) conduct an analysis of all operations in the applicable 
    location of--
            (A) the Air and Marine Operations of the U.S. Customs and 
        Border Protection; and
            (B) any other agency of the Department of Homeland Security 
        that operates air and marine assets;
        (2) in conducting the analysis under paragraph (1)--
            (A) examine the extent to which the Air and Marine 
        Operations is synchronizing and deconflicting any duplicative 
        flight hours or patrols with the agencies described in 
        paragraph (1)(B); and
            (B) include a sector-by-sector analysis of any potential 
        costs savings or other benefits that would be derived through 
        greater coordination of flight hours and patrols; and
        (3) submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the analysis, 
    including any recommendations.
    (b) DHS Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the report 
is submitted under subsection (a)(3), the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on what actions the Secretary plans to take in response to the 
findings of the analysis and recommendations of the Comptroller 
General.
    (c) Definition of Applicable Location.--In this section, the term 
``applicable location'' means any location in which the Air and Marine 
Operations of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection is based within 45 
miles of a location in which any other agency of the Department of 
Homeland Security also operates air and marine assets.
SEC. 1811. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.
    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.), as amended by section 1807 of this 
Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``SEC. 436. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.
    ``Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the 
Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and annually thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives, an assessment of the number and type of maritime 
assets and the number of personnel required to increase the 
Department's maritime response rate pursuant to section 1092 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 
223).''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136), 
as amended by section 1807 of this Act, is further amended by adding 
after the item relating to section 435 the following:

``436. Maritime security capabilities assessments.''.
SEC. 1812. CONTAINER SECURITY INITIATIVE.
    Section 205(l) of the Security and Accountability for Every Port 
Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 945) is amended--
        (1) by striking paragraph (2); and
        (2) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) by striking ``(1) In general.--Not later than September 
        30, 2007,'' and inserting ``Not later than 270 days after the 
        date of enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 
        2018,''; and
            (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) as 
        paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively.
SEC. 1813. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY REVIEW.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Maritime border.--The term ``maritime border'' means--
            (A) the transit zone; and
            (B) the borders and territorial waters of Puerto Rico and 
        the United States Virgin Islands.
        (2) Transit zone.--The term ``transit zone'' has the meaning 
    given the term in section 1092(a) of the National Defense 
    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 223(a)).
    (b) Maritime Border Threat Analysis.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a maritime border 
    threat analysis that includes an identification and description of 
    the following:
            (A) Current and potential threats posed by the individuals 
        and groups seeking to--
                (i) enter the United States through the maritime 
            border; or
                (ii) exploit border vulnerabilities on the maritime 
            border.
            (B) Improvements needed at United States sea ports--
                (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror 
            from entering the United States; and
                (ii) to reduce criminal activity, as measured by the 
            total flow of illegal goods and illicit drugs, related to 
            the maritime border.
            (C) Improvements needed with respect to the maritime 
        border--
                (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror 
            from entering the United States; and
                (ii) reduce criminal activity related to the maritime 
            border.
            (D) Vulnerabilities in law, policy, cooperation between 
        State, territorial, and local law enforcement, or international 
        agreements that hinder effective and efficient border security, 
        counterterrorism, anti-human trafficking efforts, and the flow 
        of legitimate trade with respect to the maritime border.
            (E) Metrics and performance parameters used by the 
        Department of Homeland Security to evaluate maritime security 
        effectiveness, as appropriate.
        (2) Analysis requirements.--In preparing the threat analysis 
    under subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
    consider the following:
            (A) Technology needs and challenges.
            (B) Personnel needs and challenges.
            (C) The role of State, territorial, and local law 
        enforcement in maritime border security activities.
            (D) The need for cooperation among Federal, State, 
        territorial, local, and appropriate international law 
        enforcement entities relating to maritime border security.
            (E) The geographic challenges of the maritime border.
            (F) The impact of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Nate 
        on general border security activities with respect to the 
        maritime border.
        (3) Classified threat analysis.--
            (A) In general.--To the extent possible, the Secretary of 
        Homeland Security shall submit the threat analysis under 
        subsection (a) in unclassified form.
            (B) Classified.--The Secretary may submit a portion of the 
        threat analysis in classified form if the Secretary determines 
        that such form is appropriate for such portion.
SEC. 1814. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY COOPERATION.
    The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is 
operating shall, in accordance with law--
        (1) partner with other Federal, State, and local government 
    agencies to leverage existing technology, including existing sensor 
    and camera systems and other sensors, in place along the maritime 
    border to facilitate monitoring of high-risk maritime borders, as 
    determined by the Secretary; and
        (2) subject to the availability of appropriations, enter into 
    such agreements as the Secretary considers necessary to ensure the 
    monitoring described in paragraph (1).
SEC. 1815. TRANSPORTATION WORKER IDENTIFICATION CREDENTIAL APPEALS 
PROCESS.
    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security shall transmit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the following:
        (1) The average completion time of an appeal under the appeals 
    process established under section 70105(c)(4) of title 46, United 
    States Code.
        (2) The most common reasons for any delays at each step in such 
    process.
        (3) Recommendations on how to resolve any such delays as 
    expeditiously as possible.
SEC. 1816. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
    (a) Study to Identify Redundant Background Records Checks.--Section 
105 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 
(Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1891) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.
    (b) Domestic Radiation Detection and Imaging.--Section 121 of the 
Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 921) 
is amended--
        (1) by striking subsections (c), (d), and (e);
        (2) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as 
    subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f), respectively; and
        (3) in subsection (e)(1)(B), as redesignated, by striking 
    ``(and updating, if any, of that strategy under subsection (c))''.
    (c) Inspection of Car Ferries Entering From Abroad.--Section 122 of 
the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 
922) and the item relating to that section in the table of contents for 
that Act are repealed.
    (d) Report on Arrival and Departure Manifest for Certain Commercial 
Vessels in the United States Virgin Islands.--Section 127 of the 
Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (120 Stat. 1900) 
and the item relating to that section in the table of contents for that 
Act are repealed.
    (e) International Cooperation and Coordination.--
        (1) In general.--Section 233 of the Security and Accountability 
    for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 983) is amended to read as 
    follows:
    ``SEC. 233. INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING.
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, and appropriate 
representatives of other Federal agencies, may provide technical 
assistance, equipment, and training to facilitate the implementation of 
supply chain security measures at ports designated under the Container 
Security Initiative.
    ``(b) Acquisition and Training.--Unless otherwise prohibited by 
law, the Secretary may--
        ``(1) lease, loan, provide, or otherwise assist in the 
    deployment of nonintrusive inspection and radiation detection 
    equipment at foreign land and sea ports under such terms and 
    conditions as the Secretary prescribes, including nonreimbursable 
    loans or the transfer of ownership of equipment; and
        ``(2) provide training and technical assistance for domestic or 
    foreign personnel responsible for operating or maintaining such 
    equipment.''.
        (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) 
    of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 
    (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1884) is amended by amending the 
    item relating to section 233 to read as follows:

``Sec. 233. Inspection technology and training.''.

    (f) Pilot Program to Improve the Security of Empty Containers.--
Section 235 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 
2006 (6 U.S.C. 984) and the item relating to that section in the table 
of contents for that Act are repealed.
    (g) Security Plan for Essential Air Service and Small Community 
Airports.--Section 701 of the Security and Accountability for Every 
Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1943) and the item 
relating to that section in the table of contents for that Act are 
repealed.
    (h) Aircraft Charter Customer and Lessee Prescreening Program.--
Section 708 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 
2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1947) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.

                  DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY
                    TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

SEC. 1901. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES.
    (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``TSA 
Modernization Act''.
    (b) References to Title 49, United States Code.--Except as 
otherwise expressly provided, wherever in this title an amendment or 
repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a 
section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be 
made to a section or other provision of title 49, United States Code.
SEC. 1902. DEFINITIONS.
    In this title:
        (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
    Administrator of the TSA.
        (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate 
    committees of Congress'' means--
            (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate;
            (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate; and
            (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives.
        (3) ASAC.--The term ``ASAC'' means the Aviation Security 
    Advisory Committee established under section 44946 of title 49, 
    United States Code.
        (4) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department 
    of Homeland Security.
        (5) Explosive detection canine team.--The term ``explosives 
    detection canine team'' means a canine and a canine handler that 
    are trained to detect explosives and other threats as defined by 
    the Secretary.
        (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
    Homeland Security.
        (7) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation Security 
    Administration.

              Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

SEC. 1903. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    Section 114(w) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(w) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Transportation Security Administration for 
salaries, operations, and maintenance of the Administration--
        ``(1) $7,849,247,000 for fiscal year 2019;
        ``(2) $7,888,494,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
        ``(3) $7,917,936,000 for fiscal year 2021.''.
SEC. 1904. ADMINISTRATOR OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION; 
5-YEAR TERM.
    (a) In General.--Section 114, as amended by section 1903 of this 
Act, is further amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Department of 
    Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland Security'';
        (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Leadership.--
        ``(1) Head of transportation security administration.--
            ``(A) Appointment.--The head of the Administration shall be 
        the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
        (referred to in this section as the `Administrator'). The 
        Administrator shall be appointed by the President, by and with 
        the advice and consent of the Senate.
            ``(B) Qualifications.--The Administrator must--
                ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
                ``(ii) have experience in a field directly related to 
            transportation or security.
            ``(C) Term.--Effective with respect to any individual 
        appointment by the President, by and with the advice and 
        consent of the Senate, after the date of enactment of the TSA 
        Modernization Act, the term of office of an individual 
        appointed as the Administrator shall be 5 years. The term of 
        office of an individual serving as the Administrator on the 
        date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act shall be 5 years 
        beginning on the date that the Administrator began serving.
        ``(2) Deputy administrator.--
            ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the 
        Transportation Security Administration a Deputy Administrator, 
        who shall assist the Administrator in the management of the 
        Transportation Security Administration. The Deputy 
        Administrator shall be appointed by the President.
            ``(B) Vacancy.--The Deputy Administrator shall be Acting 
        Administrator during the absence or incapacity of the 
        Administrator or during a vacancy in the office of 
        Administrator.
            ``(C) Qualifications.--The Deputy Administrator must--
                ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
                ``(ii) have experience in a field directly related to 
            transportation or security.
        ``(3) Chief counsel.--
            ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the 
        Transportation Security Administration a Chief Counsel, who 
        shall advise the Administrator and other senior officials on 
        all legal matters relating to the responsibilities, functions, 
        and management of the Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(B) Qualifications.--The Chief Counsel must be a citizen 
        of the United States.''; and
        (3) in subsections (c) through (n), (p), (q), and (r), by 
    striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
    ``Administrator''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) In general.--Section 114, as amended by subsection (a) of 
    this section, is further amended--
            (A) in subsection (g)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Subject to the direction and control of the 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Subject to the direction 
                and control of the Secretary of Homeland Security''; 
                and
                    (II) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of 
                Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``of Homeland 
            Security'' after ``Secretary'';
            (B) in subsection (j)(1)(D), by inserting ``of Homeland 
        Security'' after ``Secretary'';
            (C) in subsection (k), by striking ``functions transferred, 
        on or after the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
        Transportation Security Act,'' and inserting ``functions 
        assigned'';
            (D) in subsection (l)(4)(B), by striking ``Administrator 
        under subparagraph (A)'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration under subparagraph (A)'';
            (E) in subsection (n), by striking ``Department of 
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
        Security'';
            (F) in subsection (o), by striking ``Department of 
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
        Security'';
            (G) in subsection (p)(4), by striking ``Secretary of 
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland 
        Security'';
            (H) in subsection (s)--
                (i) in paragraph (3)(B), by inserting ``)'' after ``Act 
            of 2007''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (4)--

                    (I) in the heading, by striking ``Submissions of 
                plans to congress'' and inserting ``Submission of 
                plans'';
                    (II) by striking subparagraph (A);
                    (III) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through 
                (E) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), respectively;
                    (IV) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated--

                        (aa) in the heading, by striking ``Subsequent 
                    versions'' and inserting ``In general''; and
                        (bb) by striking ``After December 31, 2015, 
                    the'' and inserting ``The''; and

                    (V) in subparagraph (B)(ii)(III)(cc), as 
                redesignated, by striking ``for the Department'' and 
                inserting ``for the Department of Homeland Security'';

            (I) by redesignating subsections (u), (v), and (w) as 
        subsections (t), (u), and (v), respectively;
            (J) in subsection (t), as redesignated--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking subparagraph (D); and
                    (II) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                subparagraph (D);

                (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``of Homeland 
            Security'' after ``Plan, the Secretary'';
                (iii) in paragraph (4)(B)--

                    (I) by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' after 
                ``agency within the Department''; and
                    (II) by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' after 
                ``Secretary'';

                (iv) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
        ``(6) Annual report on plan.--The Secretary of Homeland 
    Security shall annually submit to the appropriate congressional 
    committees a report containing the Plan.''; and
                (v) in paragraphs (7) and (8), by inserting ``of 
            Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
            (K) in subsection (u), as redesignated--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or the 
                Administrator'' after ``Secretary of Homeland 
                Security''; and
                    (II) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking 
                ``Secretary's designee'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                Defense's designee'';
                    (III) in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of 
                paragraph (3), by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' 
                after ``Secretary'' each place it appears;

                (ii) in paragraph (4)(A), by inserting ``of Homeland 
            Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                (iii) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``of Homeland 
            Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                (iv) in paragraph (7)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not later 
                than December 31, 2008, and annually thereafter, the 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary of Homeland 
                Security''; and
                    (II) by striking subparagraph (D).

        (2) Congressional oversight of security assurance for public 
    and private stakeholders.--Section 1203(b)(1)(B) of the 
    Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (49 
    U.S.C. 114 note) is amended by striking ``, under section 114(u)(7) 
    of title 49, United States Code, as added by this section, or 
    otherwise,''.
    (c) Executive Schedule.--
        (1) Administrator of the tsa.--
            (A) Positions at level ii.--Section 5313 of title 5, United 
        States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
        the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management the 
        following:
    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.''.
            (B) Bonus eligibility.--Section 101(c)(2) of the Aviation 
        and Transportation Security Act (5 U.S.C. 5313 note) is 
        amended--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration'';
                (ii) by striking ``on the Secretary's'' and inserting 
            ``on the Secretary of Homeland Security's''; and
                (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator's''.
        (2) Deputy administrator of the tsa.--Section 5314 of title 5, 
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating 
    to Deputy Administrators, Federal Emergency Management Agency the 
    following:
    ``Deputy Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.''.
        (3) Nonapplicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (2) of 
    this subsection shall not affect the salary of an individual who is 
    performing the duties of the Deputy Administrator on the date of 
    enactment of this Act, even if that individual is subsequently 
    appointed as Deputy Administrator.
SEC. 1905. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION.
    Section 114, as amended by sections 1903 and 1904 of this Act, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(w) Leadership and Organization.--
        ``(1) In general.--For each of the areas described in paragraph 
    (2), the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
    Administration shall appoint at least 1 individual who shall--
            ``(A) report directly to the Administrator or the 
        Administrator's designated direct report; and
            ``(B) be responsible and accountable for that area.
        ``(2) Areas described.--The areas described in this paragraph 
    are as follows:
            ``(A) Aviation security operations and training, including 
        risk-based, adaptive security--
                ``(i) focused on airport checkpoint and baggage 
            screening operations;
                ``(ii) workforce training and development programs; and
                ``(iii) ensuring compliance with aviation security law, 
            including regulations, and other specialized programs 
            designed to secure air transportation.
            ``(B) Surface transportation security operations and 
        training, including risk-based, adaptive security--
                ``(i) focused on accomplishing security systems 
            assessments;
                ``(ii) reviewing and prioritizing projects for 
            appropriated surface transportation security grants;
                ``(iii) operator compliance with surface transportation 
            security law, including regulations, and voluntary industry 
            standards; and
                ``(iv) workforce training and development programs, and 
            other specialized programs designed to secure surface 
            transportation.
            ``(C) Transportation industry engagement and planning, 
        including the development, interpretation, promotion, and 
        oversight of a unified effort regarding risk-based, risk-
        reducing security policies and plans (including strategic 
        planning for future contingencies and security challenges) 
        between government and transportation stakeholders, including 
        airports, domestic and international airlines, general 
        aviation, air cargo, mass transit and passenger rail, freight 
        rail, pipeline, highway and motor carriers, and maritime.
            ``(D) International strategy and operations, including 
        agency efforts to work with international partners to secure 
        the global transportation network.
            ``(E) Trusted and registered traveler programs, including 
        the management and marketing of the agency's trusted traveler 
        initiatives, including the PreCheck Program, and coordination 
        with trusted traveler programs of other Department of Homeland 
        Security agencies and the private sector.
            ``(F) Technology acquisition and deployment, including the 
        oversight, development, testing, evaluation, acquisition, 
        deployment, and maintenance of security technology and other 
        acquisition programs.
            ``(G) Inspection and compliance, including the integrity, 
        efficiency and effectiveness of the agency's workforce, 
        operations, and programs through objective audits, covert 
        testing, inspections, criminal investigations, and regulatory 
        compliance.
            ``(H) Civil rights, liberties, and traveler engagement, 
        including ensuring that agency employees and the traveling 
        public are treated in a fair and lawful manner consistent with 
        Federal laws and regulations protecting privacy and prohibiting 
        discrimination and reprisal.
            ``(I) Legislative and public affairs, including 
        communication and engagement with internal and external 
        audiences in a timely, accurate, and transparent manner, and 
        development and implementation of strategies within the agency 
        to achieve congressional approval or authorization of agency 
        programs and policies.
        ``(3) Notification.--The Administrator shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress--
            ``(A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of the TSA Modernization Act, a list of the names of the 
        individuals appointed under paragraph (1); and
            ``(B) an update of the list not later than 5 days after any 
        new individual is appointed under paragraph (1).''.
SEC. 1906. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION EFFICIENCY.
    (a) Efficiency Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete a 
    comprehensive, agency-wide efficiency review of the TSA to identify 
    and effectuate spending reductions and administrative savings that 
    can be achieved by the streamlining or restructuring of TSA 
    divisions.
        (2) Requirements.--In carrying out the review under paragraph 
    (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
            (A) Eliminating unnecessarily duplicative or overlapping 
        programs and initiatives.
            (B) Eliminating unnecessary or obsolete rules, regulations, 
        directives, or procedures.
            (C) Reducing overall operating expenses of the TSA, 
        including costs associated with the number of personnel, as a 
        direct result of efficiencies gained through the implementation 
        of risk-based screening or through any other means as 
        determined appropriate by the Administrator in accordance with 
        this section.
            (D) Reducing, by 20 percent, the number of positions at the 
        Senior Executive Service level at the TSA as calculated on the 
        date of enactment of this Act.
            (E) Such other matters the Administrator considers 
        appropriate.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
efficiency review under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
findings, including a description of any cost savings expected to be 
achieved by the streamlining or restructuring of TSA divisions.
SEC. 1907. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REVIEW.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a working group consisting 
of representatives of the TSA and representatives of the labor 
organization representing security screening personnel to recommend 
reforms to the TSA's personnel management system, including appeals to 
the Merit Systems Protection Board and grievance procedures.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the working group convened under subsection (a) shall submit 
to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report containing proposed, mutually agreed-upon recommendations to 
reform the TSA's personnel management system.
    (c) Implementation.--To the extent authorized under law, the 
Administrator may implement 1 or more of the recommendations submitted 
under subsection (b).
    (d) Termination.--The working group shall terminate on the date 
that the report is submitted under subsection (b).
SEC. 1908. TSA LEAP PAY REFORM.
    (a) Definition of Basic Pay.--Clause (ii) of section 8331(3)(E) of 
title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                ``(ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal 
            air marshal or criminal investigator (as defined in section 
            5545a(a)(2)) of the Transportation Security Administration, 
            subject to all restrictions and earning limitations imposed 
            on criminal investigators receiving such pay under section 
            5545a, including the premium pay limitations under section 
            5547;''.
    (b) Effective Date; Applicability.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), this section, and 
    the amendments made by this section, shall take effect on the first 
    day of the first pay period commencing on or after the date of 
    enactment of this section.
        (2) Retroactive application.--
            (A) In general.--Any availability pay received for any pay 
        period commencing before the date of enactment of this Act by a 
        Federal air marshal or criminal investigator employed by the 
        Transportation Security Administration shall be deemed basic 
        pay under section 8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, if 
        the Transportation Security Administration treated such pay as 
        retirement-creditable basic pay, but the Office of Personnel 
        Management, based on an interpretation of section 8331(3) of 
        title 5, United States Code, did not accept such pay as 
        retirement-creditable basic pay.
            (B) Implementation.--Not later than 3 months after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of 
        Personnel Management shall commence taking such actions as are 
        necessary to implement the amendments made by this section with 
        respect to availability pay deemed to be basic pay under 
        subparagraph (A).
SEC. 1909. RANK AWARDS PROGRAM FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY 
ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVES AND SENIOR PROFESSIONALS.
    Section 114(n), as amended by section 1904 of this Act, is further 
amended--
        (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The personnel 
    management system'' and indenting appropriately; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Meritorious executive or distinguished executive rank 
    awards.--Notwithstanding section 40122(g)(2) of this title, the 
    applicable sections of title 5 shall apply to the Transportation 
    Security Administration personnel management system, except that--
            ``(A) for purposes of applying such provisions to the 
        personnel management system--
                ``(i) the term `agency' means the Department of 
            Homeland Security;
                ``(ii) the term `senior executive' means a 
            Transportation Security Administration executive serving on 
            a Transportation Security Executive Service appointment;
                ``(iii) the term `career appointee' means a 
            Transportation Security Administration executive serving on 
            a career Transportation Security Executive Service 
            appointment; and
                ``(iv) The term `senior career employee' means a 
            Transportation Security Administration employee covered by 
            the Transportation Security Administration Core 
            Compensation System at the L or M pay band;
            ``(B) receipt by a career appointee or a senior career 
        employee of the rank of Meritorious Executive or Meritorious 
        Senior Professional entitles the individual to a lump-sum 
        payment of an amount equal to 20 percent of annual basic pay, 
        which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under the 
        applicable Transportation Security Administration pay system; 
        and
            ``(C) receipt by a career appointee or a senior career 
        employee of the rank of Distinguished Executive or 
        Distinguished Senior Professional entitles the individual to a 
        lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 35 percent of annual 
        basic pay, which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid 
        under the applicable Transportation Security Administration pay 
        system.
        ``(3) Definition of applicable sections of title 5.--In this 
    subsection, the term `applicable sections of title 5' means--
            ``(A) subsections (b), (c) and (d) of section 4507 of title 
        5; and
            ``(B) subsections (b) and (c) of section 4507a of title 
        5.''.
SEC. 1910. TRANSMITTALS TO CONGRESS.
    With regard to each report, legislative proposal, or other 
communication of the Executive Branch related to the TSA and required 
to be submitted to Congress or the appropriate committees of Congress, 
the Administrator shall transmit such communication directly to the 
appropriate committees of Congress.

                    Subtitle B--Security Technology

SEC. 1911. THIRD PARTY TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF SCREENING 
TECHNOLOGY.
    (a) In General.--In carrying out the responsibilities under section 
114(f)(9), the Administrator shall develop and implement, not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a program to 
enable a vendor of related security screening technology to obtain 
testing and verification, including as an alternative to the TSA's test 
and evaluation process, by an appropriate third party, of such 
technology before procurement or deployment.
    (b) Detection Testing.--
        (1) In general.--The third party testing and verification 
    program authorized under subsection (a) shall include detection 
    testing to evaluate the performance of the security screening 
    technology system regarding the probability of detection, the 
    probability of false alarm, and such other indicators that the 
    system is able to meet the TSA's mission needs.
        (2) Results.--The results of the third party detection testing 
    under paragraph (1) shall be considered final if the results are 
    approved by the Administration in accordance with approval 
    standards developed by the Administrator.
        (3) Coordination with final testing.--To the extent 
    practicable, but without compromising the integrity of the TSA test 
    and evaluation process, the Administrator shall coordinate the 
    third party detection testing under paragraph (1) with any 
    subsequent, final Federal Government testing.
        (4) International standards.--To the extent practicable and 
    permissible under law and considering the national security 
    interests of the United States, the Administrator shall--
            (A) share detection testing information and standards with 
        appropriate international partners; and
            (B) coordinate with the appropriate international partners 
        to align TSA testing and evaluation with relevant international 
        standards to maximize the capability to detect explosives and 
        other threats.
    (c) Operational Testing.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the third party 
    testing and verification program authorized under subsection (a) 
    shall include operational testing.
        (2) Limitation.--Third party operational testing under 
    paragraph (1) may not exceed 1 year.
    (d) Alternative.--Third party testing under subsection (a) shall 
replace as an alternative, at the discretion of the Administrator, the 
testing at the TSA Systems Integration Facility, including testing 
for--
        (1) health and safety factors;
        (2) operator interface;
        (3) human factors;
        (4) environmental factors;
        (5) throughput;
        (6) reliability, maintainability, and availability factors; and
        (7) interoperability.
    (e) Testing and Verification Framework.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
            (A) establish a framework for the third party testing and 
        for verifying a security technology is operationally effective 
        and able to meet the TSA's mission needs before it may enter or 
        re-enter, as applicable, the operational context at an airport 
        or other transportation facility;
            (B) use phased implementation to allow the TSA and the 
        third party to establish best practices; and
            (C) oversee the third party testing and evaluation 
        framework.
        (2) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall request ASAC's 
    Security Technology Subcommittee, in consultation with 
    representatives of the security manufacturers industry, to develop 
    and submit to the Administrator recommendations for the third party 
    testing and verification framework.
    (f) Field Testing.--The Administrator shall prioritize the field 
testing and evaluation, including by third parties, of security 
technology and equipment at airports and on site at security technology 
manufacturers whenever possible as an alternative to the TSA Systems 
Integration Facility.
    (g) Appropriate Third Parties.--
        (1) Citizenship requirement.--An appropriate third party under 
    subsection (a) shall be--
            (A) if an individual, a citizen of the United States; or
            (B) if an entity, owned and controlled by a citizen of the 
        United States.
        (2) Waiver.--The Administrator may waive the requirement under 
    paragraph (1)(B) if the entity is a United States subsidiary of a 
    parent company that has implemented a foreign ownership, control, 
    or influence mitigation plan that has been approved by the Defense 
    Security Service of the Department of Defense before applying to 
    provide third party testing. The Administrator may reject any 
    application to provide third party testing under subsection (a) 
    submitted by an entity that requires a waiver under this paragraph.
        (3) Conflicts of interest.--The Administrator shall ensure, to 
    the extent possible, that an entity providing third party testing 
    under this section does not have a contractual, business, or other 
    pecuniary interest (exclusive of any such testing) in--
            (A) the security screening technology subject to such 
        testing; or
            (B) the vendor of such technology.
    (h) GAO Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a study on 
    the third party testing program developed under this section
        (2) Review.--The study under paragraph (1) shall include a 
    review of the following:
            (A) Any efficiencies or gains in effectiveness achieved in 
        TSA operations, including technology acquisition or screening 
        operations, as a result of such program.
            (B) The degree to which the TSA conducts timely and regular 
        oversight of the appropriate third parties engaged in such 
        testing.
            (C) The effect of such program on the following:
                (i) The introduction of innovative detection 
            technologies into security screening operations.
                (ii) The availability of testing for technologies 
            developed by small to medium sized businesses.
            (D) Any vulnerabilities associated with such program, 
        including with respect to the following:
                (i) National security.
                (ii) Any conflicts of interest between the appropriate 
            third parties engaged in such testing and the entities 
            providing such technologies to be tested.
                (iii) Waste, fraud, and abuse.
SEC. 1912. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 
FACILITY.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to operate the 
Transportation Security Administration Systems Integration Facility 
(referred to in this section as the ``TSIF'') for the purposes of 
testing and evaluating advanced transportation security screening 
technologies related to the mission of the TSA.
    (b) Requirements.--The TSIF shall--
        (1) evaluate the technologies described in subsection (a) to 
    enhance the security of transportation systems through screening 
    and threat mitigation and detection;
        (2) test the technologies described in subsection (a) to 
    support identified mission needs of the TSA and to meet 
    requirements for acquisitions and procurement;
        (3) to the extent practicable, provide original equipment 
    manufacturers with test plans to minimize requirement 
    interpretation disputes and adhere to provided test plans;
        (4) collaborate with other technical laboratories and 
    facilities for purposes of augmenting the capabilities of the TSIF;
        (5) deliver advanced transportation security screening 
    technologies that enhance the overall security of domestic 
    transportation systems; and
        (6) to the extent practicable, provide funding and promote 
    efforts to enable participation by a small business concern (as the 
    term is described under section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 
    U.S.C. 632)) that--
            (A) has an advanced technology or capability; but
            (B) does not have adequate resources to participate in 
        testing and evaluation processes.
    (c) Staffing and Resource Allocation.--The Administrator shall 
ensure adequate staffing and resource allocations for the TSIF in a 
manner that--
        (1) prevents unnecessary delays in the testing and evaluation 
    of advanced transportation security screening technologies for 
    acquisitions and procurement determinations;
        (2) ensures the issuance of final paperwork certification no 
    later than 45 days after the date such testing and evaluation has 
    concluded; and
        (3) ensures collaboration with technology stakeholders to close 
    capabilities gaps in transportation security.
    (d) Deadline.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate 
    committees of Congress if testing and evaluation by the TSIF of an 
    advanced transportation security screening technology under this 
    section exceeds 180 days from the delivery date.
        (2) Notification.--The notification under paragraph (1) shall 
    include--
            (A) information relating to the delivery date;
            (B) a justification for why the testing and evaluation 
        process has exceeded 180 days; and
            (C) the estimated date for completion of such testing and 
        evaluation.
        (3) Definition of delivery date.--In this subsection, the term 
    ``delivery date'' means the date that the owner of an advanced 
    transportation security screening technology--
            (A) after installation, delivers the technology to the TSA 
        for testing and evaluation; and
            (B) submits to the Administrator, in such form and manner 
        as the Administrator prescribes, a signed notification of the 
        delivery described in subparagraph (A).
    (e) Retesting and Evaluation.--Advanced transportation security 
screening technology that fails testing and evaluation by the TSIF may 
be retested and evaluated at the discretion of the Administrator.
    (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to affect the authority or responsibility of an officer of the 
Department, or an officer of any other Federal department or agency, 
with respect to research, development, testing, and evaluation of 
technologies, including such authorities or responsibilities of the 
Undersecretary for Science and Technology of the Department and 
Assistant Secretary of the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction 
Office of the Department.
SEC. 1913. OPPORTUNITIES TO PURSUE EXPANDED NETWORKS FOR BUSINESS.
    (a) Strategy.--Subtitle B of title of title XVI of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563 et seq.) is amended by adding at the 
end following:
``SEC. 1617. DIVERSIFIED SECURITY TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY MARKETPLACE.
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop 
and submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a strategy to promote a diverse security technology 
industry marketplace upon which the Administrator can rely to acquire 
advanced transportation security technologies or capabilities, 
including by increased participation of small business innovators.
    ``(b) Contents.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following:
        ``(1) Information on how existing Administration solicitation, 
    testing, evaluation, piloting, acquisition, and procurement 
    processes impact the Administrator's ability to acquire from the 
    security technology industry marketplace, including small business 
    innovators that have not previously provided technology to the 
    Administration, innovative technologies or capabilities with the 
    potential to enhance transportation security.
        ``(2) Specific actions that the Administrator will take, 
    including modifications to the processes described in paragraph 
    (1), to foster diversification within the security technology 
    industry marketplace.
        ``(3) Projected timelines for implementing the actions 
    described in paragraph (2).
        ``(4) Plans for how the Administrator could, to the extent 
    practicable, assist a small business innovator periodically during 
    such processes, including when such an innovator lacks adequate 
    resources to participate in such processes, to facilitate an 
    advanced transportation security technology or capability being 
    developed and acquired by the Administrator.
        ``(5) An assessment of the feasibility of partnering with an 
    organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue 
    Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code 
    to provide venture capital to businesses, particularly small 
    business innovators, for commercialization of innovative 
    transportation security technologies that are expected to be ready 
    for commercialization in the near term and within 36 months.
    ``(c) Feasibility Assessment.--In conducting the feasibility 
assessment under subsection (b)(5), the Administrator shall consider 
the following:
        ``(1) Establishing an organization described in section 
    501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax 
    under section 501(a) of such Code as a venture capital partnership 
    between the private sector and the intelligence community to help 
    businesses, particularly small business innovators, commercialize 
    innovative security-related technologies.
        ``(2) Enhanced engagement through the Science and Technology 
    Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed as requiring changes to the Transportation Security 
Administration standards for security technology.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Intelligence community.--The term `intelligence 
    community' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
    National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).
        ``(2) Small business concern.--The term `small business 
    concern' has the meaning described under section 3 of the Small 
    Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
        ``(3) Small business innovator.--The term `small business 
    innovator' means a small business concern that has an advanced 
    transportation security technology or capability.''.
    (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date the strategy 
is submitted under section 1617 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) review the extent to which the strategy--
            (A) addresses the requirements of that section;
            (B) has resulted in increased participation of small 
        business innovators in the security technology industry 
        marketplace; and
            (C) has diversified the security technology industry 
        marketplace; and
        (2) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
    Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security 
    of the House of Representatives the findings of the review and any 
    recommendations.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 1616 the following:

``1617. Diversified security technology industry marketplace.''.
SEC. 1914. RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF SECURITY STANDARDS.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
appropriate international aviation security authorities, shall develop 
a validation process for the reciprocal recognition of security 
equipment technology approvals among international security partners or 
recognized certification authorities for deployment.
    (b) Requirement.--The validation process shall ensure that the 
certification by each participating international security partner or 
recognized certification authority complies with detection, 
qualification, and information security, including cybersecurity, 
standards of the TSA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
SEC. 1915. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY LABORATORY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator and 
the Undersecretary for Science and Technology--
        (1) shall conduct a review to determine whether the TSA is the 
    most appropriate component within the Department to administer the 
    Transportation Security Laboratory; and
        (2) may direct the TSA to administer the Transportation 
    Security Laboratory if the review under paragraph (1) identifies 
    the TSA as the most appropriate component.
    (b) Periodic Reviews.--The Secretary shall periodically review the 
screening technology test and evaluation process conducted at the 
Transportation Security Laboratory to improve the coordination, 
collaboration, and communication between the Transportation Security 
Laboratory and the TSA to identify factors contributing to acquisition 
inefficiencies, develop strategies to reduce acquisition 
inefficiencies, facilitate more expeditious initiation and completion 
of testing, and identify how laboratory practices can better support 
acquisition decisions.
    (c) Reports.--The Secretary shall report the findings of each 
review under this section to the appropriate committees of Congress.
SEC. 1916. INNOVATION TASK FORCE.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall establish an innovation 
task force--
        (1) to cultivate innovations in transportation security;
        (2) to develop and recommend how to prioritize and streamline 
    requirements for new approaches to transportation security;
        (3) to accelerate the development and introduction of new 
    innovative transportation security technologies and improvements to 
    transportation security operations; and
        (4) to provide industry with access to the airport environment 
    during the technology development and assessment process to 
    demonstrate the technology and to collect data to understand and 
    refine technical operations and human factor issues.
    (b) Activities.--The task force shall--
        (1) conduct activities to identify and develop an innovative 
    technology, emerging security capability, or process designed to 
    enhance transportation security, including--
            (A) by conducting a field demonstration of such a 
        technology, capability, or process in the airport environment;
            (B) by gathering performance data from such a demonstration 
        to inform the acquisition process; and
            (C) by enabling a small business with an innovative 
        technology or emerging security capability, but less than 
        adequate resources, to participate in such a demonstration;
        (2) conduct at least quarterly collaboration meetings with 
    industry, including air carriers, airport operators, and other 
    transportation security stakeholders to highlight and discuss best 
    practices on innovative security operations and technology 
    evaluation and deployment; and
        (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an annual 
    report on the effectiveness of key performance data from task 
    force-sponsored projects and checkpoint enhancements.
    (c) Composition.--
        (1) Appointment.--The Administrator, in consultation with the 
    Chairperson of ASAC shall appoint the members of the task force.
        (2) Chairperson.--The task force shall be chaired by the 
    Administrator's designee.
        (3) Representation.--The task force shall be comprised of 
    representatives of--
            (A) the relevant offices of the TSA;
            (B) if considered appropriate by the Administrator, the 
        Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of 
        Homeland Security;
            (C) any other component of the Department of Homeland 
        Security that the Administrator considers appropriate; and
            (D) such industry representatives as the Administrator 
        considers appropriate.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to require the acquisition or deployment of an innovative 
technology, emerging security capability, or process identified, 
developed, or recommended under this section.
    (e) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act 
(5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the task force established under 
this section.
SEC. 1917. 5-YEAR TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PLAN UPDATE.
    Section 1611 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563) is 
amended--
        (1) in subsection (g)--
            (A) by striking the matter preceding paragraph (1) and 
        inserting ``The Administrator shall, in collaboration with 
        relevant industry and government stakeholders, annually submit 
        to Congress in an appendix to the budget request and publish in 
        an unclassified format in the public domain--'';
            (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (C) in paragraph (2), by striking the period and inserting 
        ``; and''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) information about acquisitions completed during the 
    fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report is 
    submitted.''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Additional Update Requirements.--Updates and reports under 
subsection (g) shall--
        ``(1) be prepared in consultation with--
            ``(A) the persons described in subsection (b); and
            ``(B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory 
        Committee established under section 404; and
        ``(2) include--
            ``(A) information relating to technology investments by the 
        Transportation Security Administration and the private sector 
        that the Department supports with research, development, 
        testing, and evaluation for aviation, including air cargo, and 
        surface transportation security;
            ``(B) information about acquisitions completed during the 
        fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report 
        is submitted;
            ``(C) information relating to equipment of the 
        Transportation Security Administration that is in operation 
        after the end of the life-cycle of the equipment specified by 
        the manufacturer of the equipment; and
            ``(D) to the extent practicable, a classified addendum to 
        report sensitive transportation security risks and associated 
        capability gaps that would be best addressed by security-
        related technology described in subparagraph (A).''.
    ``(i) Notice of Covered Changes to Plan.--
        ``(1) Notice required.--The Administrator shall submit to the 
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
    and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
    Representatives notice of any covered change to the Plan not later 
    than 90 days after the date that the covered change is made.
        ``(2) Definition of covered change.--In this subsection, the 
    term `covered change' means--
            ``(A) an increase or decrease in the dollar amount 
        allocated to the procurement of a technology; or
            ``(B) an increase or decrease in the number of a 
        technology.''.
SEC. 1918. MAINTENANCE OF SECURITY-RELATED TECHNOLOGY.
    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
U.S.C. 561 et seq.), as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:

        ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

``SEC. 1621. MAINTENANCE VALIDATION AND OVERSIGHT.
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop 
and implement a preventive maintenance validation process for security-
related technology deployed to airports.
    ``(b) Maintenance by Administration Personnel at Airports.--For 
maintenance to be carried out by Administration personnel at airports, 
the process referred to in subsection (a) shall include the following:
        ``(1) Guidance to Administration personnel at airports 
    specifying how to conduct and document preventive maintenance 
    actions.
        ``(2) Mechanisms for the Administrator to verify compliance 
    with the guidance issued pursuant to paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Maintenance by Contractors at Airports.--For maintenance to 
be carried by a contractor at airports, the process referred to in 
subsection (a) shall require the following:
        ``(1) Provision of monthly preventative maintenance schedules 
    to appropriate Administration personnel at each airport that 
    includes information on each action to be completed by contractor.
        ``(2) Notification to appropriate Administration personnel at 
    each airport when maintenance action is completed by a contractor.
        ``(3) A process for independent validation by a third party of 
    contractor maintenance.
    ``(d) Penalties for Noncompliance.--The Administrator shall require 
maintenance for any contracts entered into 60 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act or later for security-related 
technology deployed to airports to include penalties for noncompliance 
when it is determined that either preventive or corrective maintenance 
has not been completed according to contractual requirements and 
manufacturers' specifications.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is 
further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1617 
the following:

        ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

``1621. Maintenance validation and oversight.''.
SEC. 1919. BIOMETRICS EXPANSION.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection shall consult with each other on the 
deployment of biometric technologies.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to permit the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection to facilitate or expand the deployment of biometric 
technologies, or otherwise collect, use, or retain biometrics, not 
authorized by any provision of or amendment made by the Intelligence 
Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-458; 118 
Stat. 3638) or the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission 
Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-53; 121 Stat. 266).
    (c) Report Required.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress, and to any Member of Congress upon the request 
of that Member, a report that includes specific assessments from the 
Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection with respect to the following:
        (1) The operational and security impact of using biometric 
    technology to identify travelers.
        (2) The potential effects on privacy of the expansion of the 
    use of biometric technology under paragraph (1), including methods 
    proposed or implemented to mitigate any risks to privacy identified 
    by the Administrator or the Commissioner related to the active or 
    passive collection of biometric data.
        (3) Methods to analyze and address any matching performance 
    errors related to race, gender, or age identified by the 
    Administrator with respect to the use of biometric technology, 
    including the deployment of facial recognition technology;
        (4) With respect to the biometric entry-exit program, the 
    following:
            (A) Assessments of--
                (i) the error rates, including the rates of false 
            positives and false negatives, and accuracy of biometric 
            technologies;
                (ii) the effects of biometric technologies, to ensure 
            that such technologies do not unduly burden categories of 
            travelers, such as a certain race, gender, or nationality;
                (iii) the extent to which and how biometric 
            technologies could address instances of travelers to the 
            United States overstaying their visas, including--

                    (I) an estimate of how often biometric matches are 
                contained in an existing database;
                    (II) an estimate of the rate at which travelers 
                using fraudulent credentials identifications are 
                accurately rejected; and
                    (III) an assessment of what percentage of the 
                detection of fraudulent identifications could have been 
                accomplished using conventional methods;

                (iv) the effects on privacy of the use of biometric 
            technologies, including methods to mitigate any risks to 
            privacy identified by the Administrator or the Commissioner 
            of U.S. Customs and Border Protection related to the active 
            or passive collection of biometric data; and
                (v) the number of individuals who stay in the United 
            States after the expiration of their visas each year.
            (B) A description of--
                (i) all audits performed to assess--

                    (I) error rates in the use of biometric 
                technologies; or
                    (II) whether the use of biometric technologies and 
                error rates in the use of such technologies 
                disproportionately affect a certain race, gender, or 
                nationality; and

                (ii) the results of the audits described in clause (i).
            (C) A description of the process by which domestic 
        travelers are able to opt-out of scanning using biometric 
        technologies.
            (D) A description of--
                (i) what traveler data is collected through scanning 
            using biometric technologies, what agencies have access to 
            such data, and how long the agencies possess such data;
                (ii) specific actions that the Department and other 
            relevant Federal departments and agencies take to safeguard 
            such data; and
                (iii) a short-term goal for the prompt deletion of the 
            data of individual United States citizens after such data 
            is used to verify traveler identities.
    (d) Publication of Assessments.--The Secretary, the Administrator, 
and the Commissioner shall, if practicable, publish a public version of 
the assessment required by subsection (c)(2) on the Internet website of 
the TSA and of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
SEC. 1920. PILOT PROGRAM FOR AUTOMATED EXIT LANE TECHNOLOGY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot program to 
implement and evaluate the use of automated exit lane technology at 
small hub airports and nonhub airports (as those terms are defined in 
section 40102 of title 49, United States Code).
    (b) Partnership.--The Administrator shall carry out the pilot 
program in partnership with the applicable airport directors.
    (c) Cost Share.--The Federal share of the cost of the pilot program 
under this section shall not exceed 85 percent of the total cost of the 
program.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the pilot program under this section 
$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
    (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date the pilot 
program is implemented, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
pilot program, including--
        (1) the extent of airport participation in the pilot program 
    and how the program was implemented;
        (2) the results of the pilot program and any reported benefits, 
    including the impact on security and any cost-related efficiencies 
    realized by TSA or at the participating airports; and
        (3) the feasibility of expanding the pilot program to 
    additional airports, including to medium and large hub airports.
SEC. 1921. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; EXIT LANE SECURITY.
    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 
44903(n)(1) of title 49, United States Code, $77,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
SEC. 1922. REAL-TIME SECURITY CHECKPOINT WAIT TIMES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make available to the 
public information on wait times at each airport security checkpoint at 
which security screening operations are conducted or overseen by the 
TSA.
    (b) Requirements.--The information described in subsection (a) 
shall be provided in real time via technology and published--
        (1) online; and
        (2) in physical locations at applicable airport terminals.
    (c) Considerations.--The Administrator shall only make the 
information described in subsection (a) available to the public if it 
can do so in a manner that does not increase public area security 
risks.
    (d) Definition of Wait Time.--In this section, the term ``wait 
time'' means the period beginning when a passenger enters a queue for a 
screening checkpoint and ending when that passenger exits the 
checkpoint.
SEC. 1923. GAO REPORT ON DEPLOYMENT OF SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS 
AIRPORTS.
    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study whether the TSA allocates resources, including advanced 
imaging and computed tomography technologies, appropriately based on 
risk at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports at which security 
screening operations are conducted or overseen by the TSA.
    (b) Cost Analysis.--As a part of the study conducted under 
subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall analyze the costs 
allocated or incurred by the TSA at Category X, I, II, III, and IV 
airports--
        (1) to purchase and deploy screening equipment and other 
    assets, including advanced imaging and computed tomography 
    technologies, at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports;
        (2) to install such equipment, including any related variant, 
    and assets in the airport; and
        (3) to maintain such equipment and assets.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the findings of the study under 
subsection (a).
SEC. 1924. SCREENING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW AND PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES.
    (a) Review of Technology Acquisitions Process.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with 
    relevant officials of the Department, shall conduct a review of 
    existing advanced transportation security screening technology 
    testing and evaluation, acquisitions, and procurement practices 
    within TSA.
        (2) Contents.--Such review shall include--
            (A) identifying process delays and obstructions within the 
        Department and the Administration regarding how such technology 
        is identified, tested and evaluated, acquired, and deployed;
            (B) assessing whether the TSA can better leverage existing 
        resources or processes of the Department for the purposes of 
        technology testing and evaluation;
            (C) assessing whether the TSA can further encourage 
        innovation and competition among technology stakeholders, 
        including through increased participation of and funding for 
        small business concerns (as such term is described under 
        section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
            (D) identifying best practices of other Department 
        components or United States Government entities; and
            (E) a plan to address any problems or challenges identified 
        by such review.
    (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a briefing on the findings of the review 
required under this section and a plan to address any problems or 
challenges identified by such review.
    (c) Acquisitions and Procurement Enhancement.--Incorporating the 
results of the review in subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
        (1) engage in outreach, coordination, and collaboration with 
    transportation stakeholders to identify and foster innovation of 
    new advanced transportation security screening technologies;
        (2) streamline the overall technology development, testing, 
    evaluation, acquisitions, procurement, and deployment processes of 
    the Administration; and
        (3) ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of such processes.
    (d) Assessment.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Chief 
Privacy Officer of the Department, shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a compliance assessment of the TSA acquisition 
process relating to the health and safety risks associated with 
implementation of screening technologies.
    (e) Performance Objectives.--The Administrator shall establish 
performance objectives for the testing and verification of security 
technology, including testing and verification conducted by appropriate 
third parties under section 1911, to ensure that progress is made, at a 
minimum, toward--
        (1) reducing time for each phase of testing while maintaining 
    security (including testing for detection testing, operational 
    testing, testing and verification framework, and field testing);
        (2) eliminating testing and verification delays; and
        (3) increasing accountability.
    (f) Tracking.--
        (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the 
    Administrator shall establish and continually track performance 
    metrics for each type of security technology submitted for testing 
    and verification, including testing and verification conducted by 
    appropriate third parties under section 1911.
        (2) Measuring progress toward goals.--The Administrator shall 
    use the metrics established and tracked under paragraph (1) to 
    generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure progress toward 
    the achievement of the performance objectives established under 
    subsection (e).
        (3) Report required.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing the 
        extent to which the performance objectives established under 
        subsection (e), as measured by the performance metrics 
        established and tracked under paragraph (1) of this subsection, 
        have been met.
            (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph (A) 
        shall include--
                (i) a list of the performance metrics established under 
            paragraph (1), including the length of time for each phase 
            of testing and verification for each type of security 
            technology; and
                (ii) a comparison of the progress achieved for testing 
            and verification of security technology conducted by the 
            TSA and the testing and verification of security technology 
            conducted by third parties.
            (C) Proprietary information.--The report required by 
        subparagraph (A) shall--
                (i) not include identifying information regarding an 
            individual or entity or equipment; and
                (ii) protect proprietary information.
    (g) Information Technology Security.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a plan to conduct recurring 
reviews of the operational, technical, and management security controls 
for Administration information technology systems at airports.
SEC. 1925. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PILOT PROGRAMS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall carry out a pilot program to test 
the use of screening equipment using computed tomography technology to 
screen baggage at passenger screening checkpoints at airports.
    (b) Feasibility Study.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the 
    Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department, shall 
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a feasibility 
    study regarding expanding the use of computed tomography technology 
    for the screening of air cargo transported on passenger aircraft 
    operated by an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air 
    transportation, interstate air transportation, or interstate air 
    commerce.
        (2) Considerations.--In conducting the feasibility study under 
    paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
            (A) Opportunities to leverage computed tomography systems 
        used for screening passengers and baggage.
            (B) Costs and benefits of using computed tomography 
        technology for screening air cargo.
            (C) An analysis of emerging computed tomography systems 
        that may have potential to enhance the screening of air cargo, 
        including systems that may address aperture challenges 
        associated with screening certain categories of air cargo.
            (D) An analysis of emerging screening technologies, in 
        addition to computed tomography, that may be used to enhance 
        the screening of air cargo.
    (c) Pilot Program.--Not later than 120 days after the date the 
feasibility study is submitted under subsection (b), the Administrator 
shall initiate a 2-year pilot program to achieve enhanced air cargo 
security screening outcomes through the use of new or emerging 
screening technologies, such as computed tomography technology, as 
identified through such study.
    (d) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the pilot 
program under subsection (c) is initiated, and biannually thereafter 
for 2 years, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees 
of Congress on the progress of implementation of such pilot program.
    (e) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning 
    given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
        (2) Air transportation.--The term ``air transportation'' has 
    the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United 
    States Code.
        (3) Foreign air carrier.--The term ``foreign air carrier'' has 
    the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United 
    States Code.
        (4) Interstate air commerce.--The term ``interstate air 
    commerce'' has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 
    49, United States Code.
        (5) Interstate air transportation.--The term ``interstate air 
    transportation'' has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of 
    title 49, United States Code.

                    Subtitle C--Public Area Security

SEC. 1926. DEFINITIONS.
    In this subtitle:
        (1) Behavioral standards.--The term ``behavioral standards'' 
    means standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working 
    canines for certain factors, including canine temperament, work 
    drive, suitability for training, environmental factors used in 
    evaluations, and canine familiarity with natural or man-made 
    surfaces or working conditions relevant to the canine's expected 
    work area.
        (2) Medical standards.--The term ``medical standards'' means 
    standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working 
    canines for certain factors, including canine health, management of 
    heredity health conditions, breeding practices, genetics, pedigree, 
    and long-term health tracking.
        (3) Technical standards.--The term ``technical standards'' 
    means standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working 
    canines for certain factors, including canine search techniques, 
    handler-canine communication, detection testing conditions and 
    logistics, and learned explosive odor libraries.
SEC. 1927. EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE CAPACITY BUILDING.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a working group to 
determine ways to support decentralized, non-Federal domestic canine 
breeding capacity to produce high quality explosives detection canines 
and modernize canine training standards.
    (b) Working Group Composition.--The working group established under 
subsection (a) shall be comprised of representatives from the 
following:
        (1) The TSA.
        (2) The Science and Technology Directorate of the Department.
        (3) National domestic canine associations with expertise in 
    breeding and pedigree.
        (4) Universities with expertise related to explosives detection 
    canines and canine breeding.
        (5) Domestic canine breeders and vendors.
    (c) Chairpersons.--The Administrator shall approve of 2 individuals 
from among the representatives of the working group specified in 
subsection (b) to serve as the Chairpersons of the working group as 
follows:
        (1) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in 
    paragraph (1) or (2) of that subsection.
        (2) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in 
    paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of that subsection.
    (d) Proposed Standards and Recommendations.--Not later than 180 
days after the date the working group is established under subsection 
(a), the working group shall submit to the Administrator--
        (1) proposed behavioral standards, medical standards, and 
    technical standards for domestic canine breeding and canine 
    training described in that subsection; and
        (2) recommendations on how the TSA can engage stakeholders to 
    further the development of such domestic non-Federal canine 
    breeding capacity and training.
    (e) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
recommendations are submitted under subsection (d), the Administrator 
shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
strategy for working with non-Federal stakeholders to facilitate 
expanded the domestic canine breeding capacity described in subsection 
(a), based on such recommendations.
    (f) Consultation.--In developing the strategy under subsection (e), 
the Administrator shall consult with the Under Secretary for Science 
and Technology of the Department, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection, the Director of the United States Secret Service, 
and the heads of such other Federal departments or agencies as the 
Administrator considers appropriate to incorporate, to the extent 
practicable, mission needs across the Department for an expanded non-
Federal domestic explosives detection canine breeding capacity that can 
be leveraged to help meet the Department's operational needs.
    (g) Termination.--The working group established under subsection 
(a) shall terminate on the date that the strategy is submitted under 
subsection (e), unless the Administrator extends the termination date 
for the purposes of section 1928.
    (h) Nonapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.--The 
Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the 
working group established under this Act.
SEC. 1928. THIRD PARTY DOMESTIC CANINES.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of transportation 
security by increasing the supply of canine teams for use by the TSA 
and transportation stakeholders, the Administrator shall develop and 
issue behavioral standards, medical standards, and technical standards, 
based on the recommendations of the working group under section 1927, 
that a third party explosives detection canine must satisfy to be 
certified for the screening of individuals and property, including 
detection of explosive vapors among individuals and articles of 
property, in public areas of an airport under section 44901 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (b) Augmenting Public Area Security.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop guidance on 
    the coordination of development and deployment of explosives 
    detection canine teams for use by transportation stakeholders to 
    enhance public area security at transportation hubs, including 
    airports.
        (2) Consultation.--In developing the guidance under paragraph 
    (1), the Administrator shall consult with--
            (A) the working group established under section 1927;
            (B) the officials responsible for carrying out section 
        1941; and
            (C) such transportation stakeholders, canine providers, law 
        enforcement, privacy groups, and transportation security 
        providers as the Administrator considers relevant.
    (c) Agreement.--Subject to subsections (d), (e), and (f), not later 
than 270 days after the issuance of standards under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall, to the extent possible, enter into an agreement 
with at least 1 third party to test and certify the capabilities of 
canines in accordance with the standards under subsection (a).
    (d) Expedited Deployment.--In entering into an agreement under 
subsection (c), the Administrator shall use--
        (1) the other transaction authority under section 114(m) of 
    title 49, United States Code; or
        (2) such other authority of the Administrator as the 
    Administrator considers appropriate to expedite the deployment of 
    additional canine teams.
    (e) Process.--Before entering into an agreement under subsection 
(c), the Administrator shall--
        (1) evaluate and verify the third party's ability to 
    effectively evaluate the capabilities of canines;
        (2) designate key elements required for appropriate evaluation 
    venues where third parties may conduct testing; and
        (3) periodically assess the program at evaluation centers to 
    ensure the proficiency of the canines beyond the initial testing 
    and certification by the third party.
    (f) Consultation.--To determine best practices for the use of third 
parties to test and certify the capabilities of canines, the 
Administrator shall consult with the following persons before entering 
into an agreement under subsection (c):
        (1) The Secretary of State.
        (2) The Secretary of Defense.
        (3) Non-profit organizations that train, certify, and provide 
    the services of canines for various purposes.
        (4) Institutions of higher education with research programs 
    related to use of canines for the screening of individuals and 
    property, including detection of explosive vapors among individuals 
    and articles of property.
    (g) Third Party Explosives Detection Canine Provider List.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
    Administrator enters into an agreement under subsection (c), the 
    Administrator shall develop and maintain a list of the names of 
    each third party from which the TSA procures explosive detection 
    canines, including for each such third party the relevant 
    contractual period of performance.
        (2) Distribution.--The Administrator shall make the list under 
    paragraph (1) available to appropriate transportation stakeholders 
    in such form and manner as the Administrator prescribes.
    (h) Oversight.--The Administrator shall establish a process to 
ensure appropriate oversight of the certification program and 
compliance with the standards under subsection (a), including periodic 
audits of participating third parties.
    (i) Authorization.--
        (1) TSA.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a 
    process for the TSA to procure third party explosives detection 
    canines certified under this section.
        (2) Aviation stakeholders.--
            (A) In general.--The Administrator shall authorize an 
        aviation stakeholder, under the oversight of and in 
        coordination with the Federal Security Director at an 
        applicable airport, to contract with, procure or purchase, and 
        deploy one or more third party explosives detection canines 
        certified under this section to augment public area security at 
        that airport.
            (B) Applicable large hub airports.--
                (i) In general.--Except as provided under subparagraph 
            (ii), notwithstanding any law to the contrary, and subject 
            to the other provisions of this paragraph, an applicable 
            large hub airport may provide a certified canine described 
            in subparagraph (A) on an in-kind basis to the TSA to be 
            deployed as a passenger screening canine at that airport 
            unless the applicable large hub airport consents to the use 
            of that certified canine elsewhere.
                (ii) Exception.--The Administrator may, on a case-by-
            case basis, deploy a certified canine described in 
            subparagraph (A) to a transportation facility other than 
            the applicable large hub airport described in clause (i) 
            for not more than 90 days per year if the Administrator--

                    (I) determines that such deployment is necessary to 
                meet operational or security needs; and
                    (II) notifies the applicable large hub airport 
                described in clause (i).

                (iii) Nondeployable canines.--Any certified canine 
            provided to the TSA under clause (i) that does not complete 
            training for deployment under that clause shall be the 
            responsibility of the large hub airport unless the TSA 
            agrees to a different outcome.
            (C) Handlers.--Not later than 30 days before a canine 
        begins training to become a certified canine under subparagraph 
        (B), the airport shall notify the TSA of such training and the 
        Administrator shall assign a TSA canine handler to participate 
        in the training with that canine, as appropriate.
            (D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not reduce the 
        staffing allocation model for an applicable large hub airport 
        based on that airport's provision of a certified canine under 
        this paragraph.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Applicable large hub airport.--The term ``applicable large 
    hub airport'' means a large hub airport (as defined in section 
    40102 of title 49, United States Code) that has less than 100 
    percent of the allocated passenger screening canine teams staffed 
    by the TSA.
        (2) Aviation stakeholder.--The term ``aviation stakeholder'' 
    includes an airport, airport operator, and air carrier.
SEC. 1929. TRACKING AND MONITORING OF CANINE TRAINING AND TESTING.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall use, to the extent practicable, a digital 
monitoring system for all training, testing, and validation or 
certification of public and private canine assets utilized or funded by 
the TSA to facilitate improved review, data analysis, and record 
keeping of canine testing performance and program administration.
SEC. 1930. VIPR TEAM STATISTICS.
    (a) VIPR Team Statistics.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator 
    shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the number 
    of VIPR teams available for deployment at transportation 
    facilities, including--
            (A) the number of VIPR team operations that include 
        explosive detection canine teams; and
            (B) the distribution of VIPR team operations deployed 
        across different modes of transportation.
        (2) Annex.--The notification under paragraph (1) may contain a 
    classified annex.
        (3) Definition of vipr team.--In this subsection, the term 
    ``VIPR'' means a Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team 
    authorized under section 1303 of the National Transit Systems 
    Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112).
    (b) Authorization of VIPR Teams.--Section 1303(b) of the National 
Transit Systems Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112(b)) is amended by 
striking ``to the extent appropriated, including funds to develop not 
more than 60 VIPR teams, for fiscal years 2016 through 2018'' and 
inserting ``such sums as necessary, including funds to develop at least 
30, but not more than 60, VIPR teams, for fiscal years 2019 through 
2021''.
SEC. 1931. PUBLIC AREA SECURITY WORKING GROUP.
    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Public and private stakeholders.--The term ``public and 
    private stakeholders'' has the meaning given the term in section 
    114(t)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code.
        (2) Surface transportation asset.--The term ``surface 
    transportation asset'' includes--
            (A) facilities, equipment, or systems used to provide 
        transportation services by--
                (i) a public transportation agency (as the term is 
            defined in section 1402 of the Implementing Recommendations 
            of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131));
                (ii) a railroad carrier (as the term is defined in 
            section 20102 of title 49, United States Code);
                (iii) an owner or operator of--

                    (I) an entity offering scheduled, fixed-route 
                transportation services by over-the road bus (as the 
                term is defined in section 1501 of the Implementing 
                Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 
                U.S.C. 1151)); or
                    (II) a bus terminal; or

            (B) other transportation facilities, equipment, or systems, 
        as determined by the Secretary.
    (b) Public Area Security Working Group.--
        (1) Working group.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
    National Protection and Programs Directorate, shall establish a 
    working group to promote collaborative engagement between the TSA 
    and public and private stakeholders to develop non-binding 
    recommendations for enhancing security in public areas of 
    transportation facilities (including facilities that are surface 
    transportation assets), including recommendations regarding the 
    following:
            (A) Information sharing and interoperable communication 
        capabilities among the TSA and public and private stakeholders 
        with respect to terrorist or other threats.
            (B) Coordinated incident response procedures.
            (C) The prevention of terrorist attacks and other incidents 
        through strategic planning, security training, exercises and 
        drills, law enforcement patrols, worker vetting, and suspicious 
        activity reporting.
            (D) Infrastructure protection through effective 
        construction design barriers and installation of advanced 
        surveillance and other security technologies.
        (2) Annual report.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date the 
        working group is established under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committee of 
        Congress a report, covering the 12-month period preceding the 
        date of the report, on--
                (i) the organization of the working group;
                (ii) the activities of the working group;
                (iii) the participation of the TSA and public and 
            private stakeholders in the activities of the working 
            group;
                (iv) the findings of the working group, including any 
            recommendations.
            (B) Publication.--The Administrator may publish a public 
        version of such report that describes the activities of the 
        working group and such related matters as would be informative 
        to the public, consistent with section 552(b) of title 5, 
        United States Code.
        (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory Committee 
    Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group 
    established under subsection (a) or any subcommittee thereof.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
            (A) inform owners and operators of surface transportation 
        assets about the availability of technical assistance, 
        including vulnerability assessment tools and cybersecurity 
        guidelines, to help protect and enhance the resilience of 
        public areas of such assets; and
            (B) upon request, and subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, provide such technical assistance to owners and 
        operators of surface transportation assets.
        (2) Best practices.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary 
    shall publish on the Department website and widely disseminate, as 
    appropriate, current best practices for protecting and enhancing 
    the resilience of public areas of transportation facilities 
    (including facilities that are surface transportation assets), 
    including associated frameworks or templates for implementation.
    (d) Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (A) review of regulations, directives, policies, and 
        procedures issued by the Administrator regarding the 
        transportation of a firearm and ammunition; and
            (B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the findings of the review under subparagraph (A), 
        including, as appropriate, information on any plans to modify 
        any regulation, directive, policy, or procedure based on the 
        review.
        (2) Consultation.--In preparing the report under paragraph (1), 
    the Administrator shall consult with--
            (A) ASAC;
            (B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
        under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002; and
            (C) appropriate public and private stakeholders.
SEC. 1932. PUBLIC AREA BEST PRACTICES.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall, in accordance with law 
and as received or developed, periodically submit information, on any 
best practices developed by the TSA or appropriate transportation 
stakeholders related to protecting the public spaces of transportation 
infrastructure from emerging threats, to the following:
        (1) Federal Security Directors at airports.
        (2) Appropriate security directors for other modes of 
    transportation.
        (3) Other appropriate transportation security stakeholders.
    (b) Information Sharing.--The Administrator shall, in accordance 
with law--
        (1) in coordination with the Office of the Director of National 
    Intelligence and industry partners, implement improvements to the 
    Air Domain Intelligence and Analysis Center to encourage increased 
    participation from stakeholders and enhance government and industry 
    security information sharing on transportation security threats, 
    including on cybersecurity threat awareness;
        (2) expand and improve the City and Airport Threat Assessment 
    or similar program to public and private stakeholders to capture, 
    quantify, communicate, and apply applicable intelligence to inform 
    transportation infrastructure mitigation measures, such as--
            (A) quantifying levels of risk by airport that can be used 
        to determine risk-based security mitigation measures at each 
        location; and
            (B) determining random and surge employee inspection 
        operations based on changing levels of risk;
        (3) continue to disseminate Transportation Intelligence Notes, 
    tear-lines, and related intelligence products to appropriate 
    transportation security stakeholders on a regular basis; and
        (4) continue to conduct both regular routine and threat-
    specific classified briefings between the TSA and appropriate 
    transportation sector stakeholders on an individual or group basis 
    to provide greater information sharing between public and private 
    sectors.
    (c) Mass Notification.--The Administrator shall encourage security 
stakeholders to utilize mass notification systems, including the 
Integrated Public Alert Warning System of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency and social media platforms, to disseminate 
information to transportation community employees, travelers, and the 
general public, as appropriate.
    (d) Public Awareness Programs.--The Secretary, in coordination with 
the Administrator, shall expand public programs of the Department of 
Homeland Security and the TSA that increase security threat awareness, 
education, and training to include transportation network public area 
employees, including airport and transportation vendors, local hotels, 
cab and limousine companies, ridesharing companies, cleaning companies, 
gas station attendants, cargo operators, and general aviation members.
SEC. 1933. AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS CONTROLS COST AND FEASIBILITY STUDY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with ASAC, shall submit 
to the Comptroller General of the United States and the appropriate 
committees of Congress a study examining the shared cost and 
feasibility to airports, airlines, and the TSA of implementing enhanced 
employee inspection measures at all access points between non-secured 
areas and secured areas at a statistically significant number of 
Category I, II, III, IV, and X airports.
    (b) Assessment.--To the extent practicable, in conducting the 
study, the Administrator shall assess the cost, operational efficiency, 
and security effectiveness of requiring all employees to present for 
inspection at every access point between non-secured areas and secured 
areas of airports, and of deploying some or all of the following 
screening measures and technologies:
        (1) A secure door utilizing card and pin entry or biometric 
    technology.
        (2) Surveillance video recording capable of storing video data 
    for at least 30 days.
        (3) Advanced screening technologies, including at least 1 of 
    the following:
            (A) Magnetometer (walk-through or hand-held).
            (B) Explosives detection canines.
            (C) Explosives trace detection swabbing.
            (D) Advanced imaging technology.
            (E) X-ray bag screening technology.
        (4) The TSA's Advanced Threat Local Allocation Strategy 
    (commonly known as ``ATLAS'').
    (c) Contents.--To the extent practicable, the study under 
subsection (a) shall include the following:
        (1) Costs associated with establishing an operational minimum 
    number of employee entry and exit points.
        (2) A comparison of estimated costs and security effectiveness 
    associated with implementing the security features specified in 
    paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (b) based on 
    information on the experiences from those category I, II, III, IV, 
    and X airports that have already implemented or piloted enhanced 
    employee inspection measures at access points between non-secured 
    areas and secured areas of airports.
    (d) GAO Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of receipt 
of the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall--
        (1) review the study to assess the quality and reliability of 
    the study; and
        (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the results of the review under paragraph (1).
SEC. 1934. SECURING AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS POINTS.
    (a) Cooperative Efforts to Enhance Airport Security Awareness.--Not 
later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall consult with air carriers, foreign air carriers, 
airport operators, and labor unions representing credentialed employees 
to enhance security awareness of credentialed airport populations 
regarding insider threats to aviation security and best practices 
related to airport access controls.
    (b) Credentialing Standards.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
air carriers, foreign air carriers, airport operators, and labor unions 
representing credentialed employees, shall assess credentialing 
standards, policies, and practices, including implementation of 
relevant credentialing updates required under the FAA Extension, 
Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), 
to ensure that insider threats to aviation security are adequately 
addressed.
    (c) SIDA Applications.--
        (1) Social security numbers required.--
            (A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the 
        application submitted by an individual applying for a 
        credential granting access to the Secure Identification Area of 
        an airport to require the social security number of such 
        individual in order to strengthen security vetting 
        effectiveness.
            (B) Failure to provide number.--An applicant who does not 
        provide such applicant's social security number may be denied 
        such a credential.
        (2) Screening notice.--The Administrator shall issue 
    requirements for an airport operator to include in each application 
    for access to a Security Identification Display Area notification 
    to the applicant that an employee holding a credential granting 
    access to a Security Identification Display Area may be screened at 
    any time while gaining access to, working in, or leaving a Security 
    Identification Display Area.
    (d) Secured and Sterile Areas of Airports.--The Administrator shall 
consult with airport operators and airline operators to identify 
advanced technologies, including biometric identification technologies, 
that could be used for securing employee access to the secured areas 
and sterile areas of airports.
    (e) Rap Back Vetting .--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall identify and submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress the number of credentialed 
aviation worker populations at airports that are continuously vetted 
through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service, 
consistent with section 3405(b)(2) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note).
    (f) Insider Threat Education and Mitigation.--Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
identify means of enhancing the TSA's ability to leverage the resources 
of the Department and the intelligence community (as defined in section 
3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) to educate 
Administration personnel on insider threats to aviation security and 
how the TSA can better mitigate such insider threats.
    (g) Employee Inspections.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, 
Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), 
the Administrator shall ensure that TSA-led, random employee physical 
inspection efforts of aviation workers are targeted, strategic, and 
focused on providing the greatest level of security effectiveness.
    (h) Covert Testing.--
        (1) In general.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
    Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), the 
    Administrator shall continue to conduct covert testing of TSA-led 
    employee inspection operations at airports and measure existing 
    levels of security effectiveness.
        (2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall provide--
            (A) the results of such testing to--
                (i) the airport operator for the airport that is the 
            subject of any such testing; and
                (ii) as appropriate, to air carriers and foreign air 
            carriers that operate at the airport that is the subject of 
            such testing; and
            (B) recommendations and technical assistance for air 
        carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport operators to 
        conduct their own employee inspections, as needed.
        (3) Annual reporting.--The Administrator shall for each of 
    fiscal years 2019 through 2021, submit to the appropriate 
    committees of Congress a report on the frequency, methodology, 
    strategy, and effectiveness of employee inspection operations at 
    airports.
    (i) Centralized Database.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
    ASAC, shall--
            (A) subject to paragraph (2), establish a national, 
        centralized database of the names of each individual who--
                (i) has had an airport-issued badge revoked for failure 
            to comply with aviation security requirements; or
                (ii) has had an aircraft operator-issued badge revoked 
            for failure to comply with aviation security requirements;
            (B) determine the appropriate reporting mechanisms for air 
        carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport operators--
                (i) to submit to the Administration data regarding an 
            individual described in subparagraph (A); and
                (ii) to access the database; and
            (C) establish a process to allow an individual whose name 
        is mistakenly entered into the database to correct the record 
        and have the individual's name expunged from the database.
        (2) Limitation.--The database shall not include the name of any 
    individual whose badge has been revoked as a result of a 
    termination or cessation of employment unrelated to--
            (A) a violation of a security requirement; or
            (B) a determination that the individual poses a threat to 
        aviation security.
SEC. 1935. LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--In accordance with section 44903(c)(1) of title 
49, United States Code, the Administrator shall increase the number of 
awards, and the total funding amount of each award, under the Law 
Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program--
        (1) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers in the 
    public areas of airports, including baggage claim, ticket counters, 
    and nearby roads;
        (2) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers at 
    screening checkpoints;
        (3) to reduce the response times of law enforcement officers 
    during security incidents; and
        (4) to provide visible deterrents to potential terrorists.
    (b) Cooperation by Administrator.--In carrying out subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall use the authority provided to the Administrator 
under section 114(m) of title 49, United States Code, that is the same 
authority as is provided to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration under section 106(m) of that title.
    (c) Administrative Burdens.--The Administrator shall review the 
regulations and compliance policies related to the Law Enforcement 
Officer Reimbursement Program and, if necessary, revise such 
regulations and policies to reduce any administrative burdens on 
applicants or recipients of such awards.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out section 44901(h) of title 49, United States 
Code, $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
SEC. 1936. AIRPORT PERIMETER AND ACCESS CONTROL SECURITY.
    (a) Risk Assessments of Airport Security.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
            (A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, update the Transportation Sector Security Risk 
        Assessment (referred to in this section as the ``TSSRA''); and
            (B) not later than 90 days after the date the TSSRA is 
        updated under subparagraph (A)--
                (i) update with the most currently available 
            intelligence information the Comprehensive Risk Assessment 
            of Perimeter and Access Control Security (referred to in 
            this section as the ``Risk Assessment of Airport 
            Security'');
                (ii) establish a regular schedule for periodic updates 
            to the Risk Assessment of Airport Security; and
                (iii) conduct a system-wide assessment of airport 
            access control points and airport perimeter security.
        (2) Contents.--The security risk assessments required under 
    paragraph (1)(B) shall--
            (A) include updates reflected in the TSSRA and Joint 
        Vulnerability Assessment findings;
            (B) reflect changes to the risk environment relating to 
        airport access control points and airport perimeters;
            (C) use security event data for specific analysis of 
        system-wide trends related to airport access control points and 
        airport perimeter security to better inform risk management 
        decisions; and
            (D) consider the unique geography of and current best 
        practices used by airports to mitigate potential 
        vulnerabilities.
        (3) Report.--The Administrator shall report the results of the 
    TSSRA and Risk Assessment of Airport Security under paragraph (1) 
    to--
            (A) the appropriate committees of Congress;
            (B) relevant Federal departments and agencies; and
            (C) airport operators.
    (b) Airport Security Strategy Development.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall update the 2012 
    National Strategy for Airport Perimeter and Access Control Security 
    (referred to in this section as the ``National Strategy'').
        (2) Contents.--The update to the National Strategy shall 
    include--
            (A) information from the Risk Assessment of Airport 
        Security; and
            (B) information on--
                (i) airport security-related activities;
                (ii) the status of TSA efforts to address the 
            objectives of the National Strategy;
                (iii) finalized outcome-based performance measures and 
            performance levels for--

                    (I) each activity described in clause (i); and
                    (II) each objective described in clause (ii); and

                (iv) input from airport operators.
        (3) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the update 
    to the National Strategy is complete, the Administrator shall 
    establish a regular schedule for determining if and when additional 
    updates to the strategy under paragraph (1) are necessary.

                Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

SEC. 1937. PRECHECK PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--Section 44919 is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 44919. PreCheck Program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration shall continue to administer the PreCheck Program in 
accordance with section 109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation 
Security Act (49 U.S.C. 114 note).
    ``(b) Expansion.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall enter 
into an agreement, using other transaction authority under section 
114(m) of this title, with at least 2 private sector entities to 
increase the methods and capabilities available for the public to 
enroll in the PreCheck Program.
    ``(c) Minimum Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement under 
subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
        ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment 
    capability.
        ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means other than biometrics, 
    such as a risk assessment, if--
            ``(A) such means--
                ``(i) are evaluated and certified by the Secretary of 
            Homeland Security;
                ``(ii) meet the definition of a qualified anti-
            terrorism technology under section 865 of the Homeland 
            Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 444); and
                ``(iii) are determined by the Administrator to provide 
            a risk assessment that is as effective as a fingerprint-
            based criminal history records check conducted through the 
            Federal Bureau of Investigation with respect to identifying 
            individuals who are not qualified to participate in the 
            PreCheck Program due to disqualifying criminal history; and
            ``(B) with regard to private sector risk assessments, the 
        Secretary has certified that reasonable procedures are in place 
        with regard to the accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization 
        of information employed in such risk assessments.
    ``(d) Additional Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement 
under subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
        ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment 
    capability.
        ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means of biometrics if the 
    collection--
            ``(A) is comparable with the appropriate and applicable 
        standards developed by the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology;
            ``(B) protects privacy and data security, including that 
        any personally identifiable information is collected, retained, 
        used, and shared in a manner consistent with section 552a of 
        title 5, United States Code (commonly known as `Privacy Act of 
        1974'), and with agency regulations;
            ``(C) is evaluated and certified by the Secretary of 
        Homeland Security; and
            ``(D) is determined by the Administrator to provide a risk 
        assessment that is as effective as a fingerprint-based criminal 
        history records check conducted through the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation with respect to identifying individuals who are 
        not qualified to participate in the PreCheck Program due to 
        disqualifying criminal history.
    ``(e) Target Enrollment.--Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), 
the Administrator shall take actions to expand the total number of 
individuals enrolled in the PreCheck Program as follows:
        ``(1) 7,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2019.
        ``(2) 10,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2020.
        ``(3) 15,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2021.
    ``(f) Marketing of PreCheck Program.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator 
shall--
        ``(1) enter into at least 2 agreements, using other transaction 
    authority under section 114(m) of this title, to market the 
    PreCheck Program; and
        ``(2) implement a long-term strategy for partnering with the 
    private sector to encourage enrollment in such program.
    ``(g) Identity Verification Enhancement.--The Administrator shall--
        ``(1) coordinate with the heads of appropriate components of 
    the Department to leverage Department-held data and technologies to 
    verify the identity and citizenship of individuals enrolling in the 
    PreCheck Program;
        ``(2) partner with the private sector to use biometrics and 
    authentication standards, such as relevant standards developed by 
    the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to facilitate 
    enrollment in the program; and
        ``(3) consider leveraging the existing resources and abilities 
    of airports to collect fingerprints for use in background checks to 
    expedite identity verification.
    ``(h) PreCheck Program Lanes Operation.--The Administrator shall--
        ``(1) ensure that PreCheck Program screening lanes are open and 
    available during peak and high-volume travel times at appropriate 
    airports to individuals enrolled in the PreCheck Program; and
        ``(2) make every practicable effort to provide expedited 
    screening at standard screening lanes during times when PreCheck 
    Program screening lanes are closed to individuals enrolled in the 
    program in order to maintain operational efficiency.
    ``(i) Eligibility of Members of the Armed Forces for Expedited 
Security Screening.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), an individual 
    specified in paragraph (2) is eligible for expedited security 
    screening under the PreCheck Program.
        ``(2) Individuals specified.--An individual specified in this 
    subsection is any of the following:
            ``(A) A member of the Armed Forces, including a member of a 
        reserve component or the National Guard.
            ``(B) A cadet or midshipman of the United States Military 
        Academy, the United States Naval Academy, the United States Air 
        Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy.
            ``(C) A family member of an individual specified in 
        subparagraph (A) or (B) who is younger than 12 years old and 
        accompanying the individual.
        ``(3) Implementation.--The eligibility of an individual 
    specified in paragraph (2) for expedited security screening under 
    the PreCheck Program is subject to such policies and procedures as 
    the Administrator may prescribe to carry out this subsection, in 
    consultation with the Secretary of Defense and, with respect to the 
    United States Coast Guard, the Commandant of the United States 
    Coast Guard.
    ``(j) Vetting for PreCheck Program Participants.--The Administrator 
shall initiate an assessment to identify any security vulnerabilities 
in the vetting process for the PreCheck Program, including determining 
whether subjecting PreCheck Program participants to recurrent 
fingerprint-based criminal history records checks, in addition to 
recurrent checks against the terrorist watchlist, could be done in a 
cost-effective manner to strengthen the security of the PreCheck 
Program.
    ``(k) Assurance of Separate Program.--In carrying out this section, 
the Administrator shall ensure that the additional private sector 
application capabilities under subsections (b), (c), and (d) are 
undertaken in addition to any other related TSA program, initiative, or 
procurement, including the Universal Enrollment Services program.
    ``(l) Expenditure of Funds.--Any Federal funds expended by the 
Administrator to expand PreCheck Program enrollment shall be expended 
in a manner that includes the requirements of this section.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Repeal.--Subtitle A of title III of the FAA Extension, 
    Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the 
    items relating to that subtitle in the table of contents of that 
    Act are repealed.
        (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is 
    amended by amending the item relating to section 44919 to read as 
    follows:

``44919. PreCheck Program.''.

        (3) Screening passengers and property.--Section 44901(a) is 
    amended by striking ``44919 or''.
SEC. 1938. PRECHECK EXPEDITED SCREENING.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that only a 
traveler who is a member of a trusted traveler program specified in 
subsection (b) is permitted to use a TSA PreCheck security screening 
lane at a passenger screening checkpoint.
    (b) Trusted Traveler Programs Specified.--A trusted traveler 
program specified in this subsection is any of the following:
        (1) The PreCheck Program under section 44919 of title 49, 
    United States Code.
        (2) Any other program implemented by the TSA under section 
    109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (49 
    U.S.C. 114 note).
        (3) Any other United States Government program that issues a 
    unique identifier, such as a known traveler number, that the TSA 
    accepts as validating that the individual holding such identifier 
    is a member of a known low-risk population.
    (c) Exemptions.--Nothing in this section shall affect--
        (1) the authority of the Administrator, under section 44927 of 
    title 49, United States Code, to carry out expedited screening for 
    members of the Armed Forces with disabilities or severe injuries or 
    veterans with disabilities or severe injuries; or
        (2) the Honor Flight program under section 44928 of that title.
    (d) Low-risk Travelers.--Any traveler who is determined by the 
Administrator to be low risk based on the traveler's age and who is not 
a member of a trusted traveler program specified in subsection (b) 
shall be permitted to utilize TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at 
Transportation Security Administration checkpoints when traveling on 
the same reservation as a member of such a program.
    (e) Risk Modified Screening.--
        (1) Pilot program.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act and subject to paragraph (2), the 
    Administrator shall commence a pilot program regarding a risk 
    modified screening protocol for lanes other than designated TSA 
    PreCheck security screening lanes at passenger screening 
    checkpoints, in airports of varying categories, to further segment 
    passengers based on risk.
        (2) Eligibility.--Only a low-risk passenger shall be eligible 
    to participate in the risk modified screening pilot program under 
    paragraph (1).
        (3) Definition of low-risk passenger.--In this subsection, the 
    term ``low-risk passenger'' means a passenger who--
            (A) meets a risk-based, intelligence-driven criteria 
        prescribed by the Administrator; or
            (B) undergoes a canine enhanced screening upon arrival at 
        the passenger screening checkpoint.
        (4) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date 
    that is 120 days after the date it commences under paragraph (1).
        (5) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the termination 
    date under paragraph (4), the Administrator shall brief the 
    appropriate committees of Congress on the findings of the pilot 
    program, including--
            (A) information relating to the security effectiveness and 
        passenger facilitation effectiveness of the risk modified 
        screening protocol;
            (B) a determination regarding whether the risk modified 
        screening protocol was effective; and
            (C) if the Administrator determined that the protocol was 
        effective, a plan for the deployment of the protocol at as many 
        TSA passenger screening checkpoints as practicable.
        (6) Implementation.--In determining whether deployment of the 
    protocol at a TSA passenger screening checkpoint at an airport is 
    practicable, the Administrator shall consider--
            (A) the level of risk at the airport;
            (B) the available space at the airport;
            (C) passenger throughput levels at the airport;
            (D) the checkpoint configuration at the airport; and
            (E) adequate resources to appropriately serve passengers in 
        TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at the passenger 
        screening checkpoint.
    (f) Working Group.--
        (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the 
    Administrator shall establish a working group to advise the 
    Administrator on the development of plans for the deployment of the 
    protocol at TSA passenger screening checkpoints, other than 
    designated TSA PreCheck security screening lanes, in the most 
    effective and efficient manner practicable.
        (2) Members.--The working group shall be comprised of 
    representatives of Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports and air 
    carriers (as the term is defined in section 40102 of title 49, 
    United States Code).
        (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory Committee 
    Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group 
    established under this subsection.
    (g) Briefings.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall brief, on a biannual 
    basis, the appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation 
    of subsections (a) until the Administrator certifies that only 
    travelers who are members of trusted traveler programs specified in 
    subsection (b) are permitted to use TSA PreCheck security screening 
    lanes at passenger screening checkpoints.
        (2) Certification.--Upon a determination by the Administrator 
    that only travelers who are members of a trusted traveler program 
    specified in subsection (b) are permitted to use TSA PreCheck 
    security screening lanes at checkpoints in accordance with 
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
    committees of Congress a written certification relating to such 
    determination.
    (h) Inspector General Assessments.--The Inspector General of the 
Department shall assess and transmit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress the Administrator's implementation under subsection (a).
    (i) Expansion of TSA PreCheck Program Enrollment.--
        (1) Long-term strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
    of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop and begin 
    the implementation a long-term strategy to increase enrollment in 
    the TSA PreCheck Program.
        (2) Considerations.--In developing the strategy under paragraph 
    (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
            (A) Partnering with air carriers (as the term is defined in 
        section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) to incorporate 
        PreCheck Program promotion opportunities in the reservation 
        process described in section 1560.101 of title 49, Code of 
        Federal Regulations;
            (B) Including in the PreCheck Program of an individual 
        who--
                (i) holds a Secret, Top Secret, or Top Secret/Sensitive 
            Compartmented Information clearance, unless the individual 
            has had the individual's clearance revoked or did not pass 
            a periodic reinvestigation; or
                (ii) is a current, full-time Federal law enforcement 
            officer.
            (C) Providing PreCheck Program enrollment flexibility by 
        offering secure mobile enrollment platforms that facilitate in-
        person identity verification and application data collection, 
        such as through biometrics.
            (D) Reducing travel time to PreCheck Program enrollment 
        centers for applicants, including--
                (i) by adjusting the locations and schedules of 
            existing PreCheck Program enrollment centers to accommodate 
            demand;
                (ii) by seeking to colocate such enrollment centers 
            with existing facilities that support the issuance of--

                    (I) United States passports; and
                    (II) Security Identification Display Area 
                credentials (as the term is defined in section 1540.5 
                of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) located in 
                public, non-secure areas of airports if no systems of 
                an airport operator are used in support of enrollment 
                activities for such credentials; and

                (iii) by increasing the availability of PreCheck 
            Program enrollment platforms, such as kiosks, tablets, or 
            staffed laptop stations.
            (E) The feasibility of providing financial assistance or 
        other incentives for PreCheck Program enrollment for--
                (i) children who are at least 12 years or older, but 
            less than 18 years old;
                (ii) families consisting of 5 or more immediate family 
            members;
                (iii) private sector entities, including small 
            businesses, to establish PreCheck Program enrollment 
            centers in their respective facilities; and
                (iv) private sector entities, including small business 
            concerns (as the term is described in section 3 of the 
            Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)), to reimburse an 
            employee for the cost of the PreCheck Program application.
SEC. 1939. TRUSTED TRAVELER PROGRAMS; COLLABORATION.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator, in consultation with the Commissioner of U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection, shall--
        (1) review each trusted traveler program administered by U.S. 
    Customs and Border Protection and the PreCheck Program;
        (2) identify any improvements that can be made to such 
    programs--
            (A) to streamline and integrate the requirements and 
        operations of such programs to reduce administrative burdens, 
        including applications for inclusion and determining whether a 
        valid credential can satisfy the requirements for another 
        credential;
            (B) to increase information and data sharing across such 
        programs; and
            (C) to allow the public to access and link to the 
        applications for enrollment in all of such programs from 1 
        online portal;
        (3) identify any law, including regulations, policy, or 
    procedure that may unnecessarily inhibit collaboration among 
    Department of Homeland Security agencies regarding such programs or 
    implementation of the improvements identified under paragraph (2);
        (4) recommend any legislative, administrative, or other actions 
    that can be taken to eliminate any unnecessary barriers to 
    collaboration or implementation identified in paragraph (3); and
        (5) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the review, including any unnecessary barriers to collaboration 
    or implementation identified under paragraph (3), and any 
    recommendations under paragraph (4).
SEC. 1940. PASSENGER SECURITY FEE.
    Section 44940(c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(3) Offsetting collections.--Beginning on October 1, 2027, 
    fees collected under subsection (a)(1) for any fiscal year shall be 
    credited as offsetting collections to appropriations made for 
    aviation security measures carried out by the Transportation 
    Security Administration, to remain available until expended.''.
SEC. 1941. THIRD PARTY CANINE TEAMS FOR AIR CARGO SECURITY.
    Section 1307 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1116) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(h) Third Party Canine Teams for Air Cargo Security.--
        ``(1) In general.--In order to enhance the screening of air 
    cargo and ensure that third party explosives detection canine 
    assets are leveraged for such purpose, the Administrator shall, not 
    later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the TSA 
    Modernization Act--
            ``(A) develop and issue standards for the use of such third 
        party explosives detection canine assets for the primary 
        screening of air cargo;
            ``(B) develop a process to identify qualified non-Federal 
        entities that will certify canine assets that meet the 
        standards established by the Administrator under subparagraph 
        (A);
            ``(C) ensure that entities qualified to certify canine 
        assets shall be independent from entities that will train and 
        provide canines to end users of such canine assets;
            ``(D) establish a system of Transportation Security 
        Administration audits of the process developed under 
        subparagraph (B); and
            ``(E) provide that canines certified for the primary 
        screening of air cargo can be used by air carriers, foreign air 
        carriers, freight forwarders, and shippers.
        ``(2) Implementation.--Beginning on the date that the 
    development of the process under paragraph (1)(B) is complete, the 
    Administrator shall--
            ``(A) facilitate the deployment of such assets that meet 
        the certification standards of the Administration, as 
        determined by the Administrator;
            ``(B) make such standards available to vendors seeking to 
        train and deploy third party explosives detection canine 
        assets; and
            ``(C) ensure that all costs for the training and 
        certification of canines, and for the use of supplied canines, 
        are borne by private industry and not the Federal Government.
        ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            ``(A) Air carrier.--The term `air carrier' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
        Code.
            ``(B) Foreign air carrier.--The term `foreign air carrier' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            ``(C) Third party explosives detection canine asset.--The 
        term `third party explosives detection canine asset' means any 
        explosives detection canine or handler not owned or employed, 
        respectively, by the Transportation Security Administration.''.
SEC. 1942. KNOWN SHIPPER PROGRAM REVIEW.
    The Administrator shall direct the Air Cargo Subcommittee of ASAC--
        (1) to conduct a comprehensive review and security assessment 
    of the Known Shipper Program;
        (2) to recommend whether the Known Shipper Program should be 
    modified or eliminated considering the full implementation of 100 
    percent screening under section 44901(g) of title 49, United States 
    Code; and
        (3) to report its findings and recommendations to the 
    Administrator.
SEC. 1943. ESTABLISHMENT OF AIR CARGO SECURITY DIVISION.
    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
``Sec. 44947. Air cargo security division
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall 
establish an air cargo security division to carry out and engage with 
stakeholders regarding the implementation of air cargo security 
programs established by the Administration.
    ``(b) Leadership; Staffing.--The air cargo security division 
established pursuant to subsection (a) shall be headed by an individual 
in the executive service within the TSA and be staffed by not fewer 
than 4 full-time equivalents, including the head of the division.
    ``(c) Staffing.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration shall staff the air cargo security division with 
existing TSA personnel.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is 
amended by inserting after the item related to section 44946 the 
following:

``44947. Air cargo security division.''.
SEC. 1944. AIR CARGO REGULATION REVIEW.
    (a) Review.--Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall--
        (1) review the Certified Cargo Screening Program, including--
            (A) consideration of the degree to which the Program is 
        effective at fully addressing evolving threats to air cargo, 
        particularly as air cargo volumes fluctuate; and
            (B) identification of any vulnerabilities in the Program 
        and effectiveness of information sharing with air cargo 
        security stakeholders; and
        (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the findings of the review under paragraph (1), including--
            (A) a description of the actions the Administrator has 
        taken to improve the Program; and
            (B) a description of the actions the Administrator will 
        take to address the findings of the review under paragraph (1), 
        including any plans to issue new rulemaking, if necessary.
SEC. 1945. GAO REVIEW.
    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) review the Department's analysis and intelligence pre-
    screening processes and procedures for air cargo entering the 
    United States;
        (2) review the pilot program conducted under section 1925;
        (3) assess the effectiveness of the Department's risk-based 
    strategy for examining air cargo and ensuring compliance with air 
    cargo security law, including regulations; and
        (4) review the Department's information sharing procedures and 
    practices for disseminating information to relevant stakeholders on 
    preventing, mitigating, and responding to air cargo related 
    threats.
SEC. 1946. SCREENING PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM UPDATES.
    (a) Security Screening Opt-Out Program.--Section 44920 is amended--
        (1) in the heading by striking ``Security screening opt-out 
    program'' and inserting ``Screening partnership program'';
        (2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--An airport operator may submit to the 
Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration an 
application to carry out the screening of passengers and property at 
the airport under section 44901 by personnel of a qualified private 
screening company pursuant to a contract entered into with the 
Transportation Security Administration.'';
        (3) in subsection (b)--
            (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
    receipt of an application submitted by an airport operator under 
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall approve or deny the 
    application.''; and
            (B) in paragraphs (2) and (3), by striking ``Under 
        Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``Administrator'';
        (4) in subsection (d)--
            (A) in the heading, by striking ``Standards'' inserting 
        ``Selection of Contracts and Standards'';
            (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (C) in paragraph (1)--
                (i) by striking ``The Under Secretary may enter'' and 
            all that follows through ``certifies to Congress that--'' 
            and inserting ``The Administrator shall, upon approval of 
            the application, provide the airport operator with a list 
            of qualified private screening companies.''; and
                (ii) by inserting before subparagraphs (A) and (B) the 
            following:
        ``(2) Contracts.--The Administrator shall, to the extent 
    practicable, enter into a contract with a private screening company 
    from the list provided under paragraph (1) for the provision of 
    screening at the airport not later than 120 days after the date of 
    approval of an application submitted by the airport operator under 
    subsection (a) if--''; and
            (D) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--
                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
            inserting a semicolon;
                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--

                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator''; and
                    (II) by striking the period at the end and 
                inserting ``; and''; and

                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(C) the selected qualified private screening company 
        offered contract price is equal to or less than the cost to the 
        Federal Government to provide screening services at the 
        airport.''; and
            (E) in paragraph (3), as redesignated--
                (i) by striking ``paragraph (1)(B)'' and inserting 
            ``paragraph (2)(B)''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
            appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (5) in subsection (e)--
            (A) in the heading, by striking ``Screened'' and inserting 
        ``Screening'';
            (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
        and'';
            (C) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and inserting 
        ``The Administrator shall--'';
            (D) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``provide Federal 
        Government'' and indenting appropriately; and
            (E) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) undertake covert testing and remedial training support 
    for employees of private screening companies providing screening at 
    airports.'';
        (6) in subsection (f)--
            (A) in the heading, by inserting ``or Suspension'' after 
        ``Termination'';
            (B) by striking ``terminate'' and inserting ``suspend or 
        terminate, as appropriate,''; and
            (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
        (7) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
    ``(h) Evaluation of Screening Company Proposals for Award.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
    notwithstanding any other provision of law, including title 48 of 
    the Code of Federal Regulations and the Federal Advisory Committee 
    Act (5 U.S.C. App.), an airport operator that has applied and been 
    approved to have security screening services carried out by a 
    qualified private screening company under contract with the 
    Administrator may nominate to the head of the contracting activity 
    an individual to participate in the evaluation of proposals for the 
    award of such contract.
        ``(2) Participation on a proposal evaluation committee.--Any 
    participation on a proposal evaluation committee under paragraph 
    (1) shall be conducted in accordance with chapter 21 of title 41.
    ``(i) Innovative Screening Approaches and Technologies.--The 
Administrator shall encourage an airport operator to whom screening 
services are provided under this section to recommend to the 
Administrator innovative screening approaches and technologies. Upon 
receipt of any such recommendations, the Administrator shall review 
and, if appropriate, test, conduct a pilot project, and, if 
appropriate, deploy such approaches and technologies.''.
    (b) Feasibility Assessment.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
    airport operators and airlines, shall submit to the appropriate 
    committees of Congress an assessment of the feasibility of 
    modifying the Screening Partnership Program to allow an individual 
    airport terminal to participate in the Screening Partnership 
    Program.
        (2) Considerations.--In conducting the assessment under 
    paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
            (A) potential benefits and costs, including with respect to 
        the efficacy of security operations, of such an approach;
            (B) potential impacts on security operations; and
            (C) potential impacts on recruitment, hiring, and 
        retention.
    (c) Applications Submitted Before the Date of Enactment.--Not later 
than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall approve or deny, in accordance with section 44920(b) of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by this Act, each application submitted 
before the date of enactment of this Act, by an airport operator under 
subsection (a) of that section, that is awaiting such a determination.
SEC. 1947. SCREENING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS.
    Subject to part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, the 
Administrator shall quarterly make available to the airport director of 
an airport--
        (1) an assessment of the screening performance of that airport 
    compared to the mean average performance of all airports in the 
    equivalent airport category for screening performance data; and
        (2) a briefing on the results of performance data reports, 
    including--
            (A) a scorecard of objective metrics developed by the 
        Office of Security Operations to measure screening performance, 
        such as results of annual proficiency reviews and covert 
        testing, at the appropriate level of classification; and
            (B) other performance data, including--
                (i) passenger throughput;
                (ii) wait times; and
                (iii) employee attrition, absenteeism, injury rates, 
            and any other human capital measures collected by the TSA.
SEC. 1948. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAMS.
    (a) In General.--Section 44935 is amended--
        (1) by striking ``(i) Accessibility of Computer-based Training 
    Facilities.--'' and inserting ``(k) Accessibility of Computer-based 
    Training Facilities.--''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Initial and Recurring Training.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a training 
    program for new security screening personnel located at the 
    Transportation Security Administration Academy.
        ``(2) Recurring training.--
            ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator 
        shall establish recurring training for security screening 
        personnel regarding updates to screening procedures and 
        technologies, including, in response to weaknesses identified 
        in covert tests at airports--
                ``(i) methods to identify the verification of false or 
            fraudulent travel documents; and
                ``(ii) training on emerging threats.
            ``(B) Contents.--The training under subparagraph (A) shall 
        include--
                ``(i) internal controls for monitoring and documenting 
            compliance of transportation security officers with such 
            training requirements; and
                ``(ii) such other matters as identified by the 
            Administrator with regard to such training.''.
    (b) GAO Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) examine the effectiveness of the new security screening 
    personnel training under section 44935(l) of title 49, United 
    States Code; and
        (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the findings under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.
SEC. 1949. TRAVELER REDRESS IMPROVEMENT.
    (a) Redress Process.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, using existing resources, 
    systems, and processes, shall ensure the availability of the 
    Department of Homeland Security Traveler Redress Inquiry Program 
    (referred to in this section as ``DHS TRIP'') redress process to 
    adjudicate an inquiry for an individual who--
            (A) is a citizen of the United States or alien lawfully 
        admitted for permanent residence;
            (B) has filed the inquiry with DHS TRIP after receiving 
        enhanced screening at an airport passenger security checkpoint 
        more than 3 times in any 60-day period; and
            (C) believes the individual has been wrongly identified as 
        being a threat to aviation security.
        (2) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the 
    appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation of the 
    redress process required under paragraph (1).
    (b) Privacy Impact Review and Update.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review and update 
    the Privacy Impact Assessment for the Secure Flight programs to 
    ensure the assessment accurately reflects the operation of such 
    programs.
        (2) Public dissemination; form.--The Administrator shall--
            (A) publish the Secure Flight Privacy Impact Assessment 
        review and update required under paragraph (1) on a publicly-
        accessible internet webpage of the TSA; and
            (B) submit the Secure Flight Privacy Impact Assessment 
        review and update to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (c) Rule Review and Notification Process.--
        (1) Rule review.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter, the Assistant 
    Administrator of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the 
    TSA, in coordination with the entities specified in paragraph (3), 
    shall identify and review the screening rules established by the 
    Office of Intelligence and Analysis of TSA.
        (2) Notification process.--Not later than 2 days after the date 
    that any change to a rule identified under paragraph (1) is made, 
    the Assistant Administrator of the Office of Intelligence and 
    Analysis of the TSA shall notify the entities specified in 
    paragraph (3) of the change.
        (3) Entities specified.--The entities specified in this 
    paragraph are as follows:
            (A) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties, Ombudsman, 
        and Traveler Engagement of the TSA.
            (B) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties of the 
        Department.
            (C) The Office of Chief Counsel of the TSA.
            (D) The Office of General Counsel of the Department.
            (E) The Privacy Office of the Administration.
            (F) The Privacy Office of the Department.
            (G) The Federal Air Marshal Service.
            (H) The Traveler Redress Inquiry Program of the Department.
    (d) Federal Air Marshal Service Coordination.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall ensure that the rules 
    identified in subsection (c) are taken into account for Federal Air 
    Marshal mission scheduling.
        (2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on whether, and if so 
    how, the rules identified in subsection (c) are incorporated in the 
    risk analysis conducted during the Federal Air Marshal mission 
    scheduling process.
    (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) study the rules identified under subsection (c)(1), 
    including--
            (A) whether the rules are effective in mitigating potential 
        threats to aviation security; and
            (B) whether, and if so how, the TSA coordinates with the 
        Department regarding any proposed change to a rule; and
        (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the findings under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.
SEC. 1950. IMPROVEMENTS FOR SCREENING OF PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.
    (a) Revised Training.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
    nationally-recognized veterans and disability organizations, shall 
    revise the training requirements for Transportation Security 
    Officers related to the screening of passengers with disabilities, 
    including passengers with disabilities who participate in the 
    PreCheck program.
        (2) Training specifications.--In revising the training 
    requirements under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall address 
    the proper screening, and any particular sensitivities related to 
    the screening, of a passenger with a disability--
            (A) traveling with a medical device, including an 
        indwelling medical device;
            (B) traveling with a prosthetic;
            (C) traveling with a wheelchair, walker, scooter, or other 
        mobility device;
            (D) traveling with a service animal; or
            (E) with sensitivities to touch, pressure, sound, or 
        hypersensitivity to stimuli in the environment.
        (3) Training frequency.--The Administrator shall implement the 
    revised training under paragraph (1) during initial and recurrent 
    training of all Transportation Security Officers.
    (b) Best Practices.--The individual at the TSA responsible for 
civil rights, liberties, and traveler engagement shall--
        (1) record each complaint from a passenger with a disability 
    regarding the screening practice of the TSA;
        (2) identify the most frequent concerns raised, or 
    accommodations requested, in the complaints;
        (3) determine the best practices for addressing the concerns 
    and requests identified in paragraph (2); and
        (4) recommend appropriate training based on such best 
    practices.
    (c) Signage.--At each category X airport, the TSA shall place 
signage at each security checkpoint that--
        (1) specifies how to contact the appropriate TSA employee at 
    the airport designated to address complaints of screening 
    mistreatment based on disability; and
        (2) describes how to receive assistance from that individual or 
    other qualified personnel at the security screening checkpoint.
    (d) Reports to Congress.--Not later than September 30 of the first 
full fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each 
fiscal year thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the checkpoint 
experiences of passengers with disabilities, including the following:
        (1) The number and most frequent types of disability-related 
    complaints received.
        (2) The best practices recommended under subsection (b) to 
    address the top areas of concern.
        (3) The estimated wait times for assist requests for passengers 
    with disabilities, including disabled passengers who participate in 
    the PreCheck program.
SEC. 1951. AIR CARGO ADVANCE SCREENING PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator, consistent with the requirements of 
the Trade Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-210) shall--
        (1) establish an air cargo advance screening program (referred 
    to in this section as the ``ACAS Program'') for the collection of 
    advance electronic information from air carriers and other persons 
    within the supply chain regarding cargo being transported to the 
    United States by air;
        (2) under such program, require that such information be 
    transmitted by such air carriers and other persons at the earliest 
    point practicable prior to loading of such cargo onto an aircraft 
    destined to or transiting through the United States;
        (3) establish appropriate communications systems with freight 
    forwarders, shippers, and air carriers;
        (4) establish a system that will allow freight forwarders, 
    shippers, and air carriers to provide shipment level data for air 
    cargo, departing from any location that is inbound to the United 
    States; and
        (5) identify opportunities in which the information furnished 
    in compliance with the ACAS Program could be used by the 
    Administrator.
    (b) Inspection of High-risk Cargo.--Under the ACAS Program, the 
Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall ensure that all cargo that has been identified as 
high-risk is inspected--
        (1) prior to the loading of such cargo onto aircraft at the 
    last point of departure; or
        (2) at an earlier point in the supply chain, before departing 
    for the United States.
    (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, the 
Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall consult with relevant stakeholders, as appropriate, 
to ensure that an operationally feasible and practical approach to--
        (1) the collection of advance information with respect to cargo 
    on aircraft departing for the United States is applied; and
        (2) the inspection of high-risk cargo recognizes the 
    significant differences among air cargo business models and modes 
    of transportation.
    (d) Analysis.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator may analyze the information described 
in subsection (a) in the Department of Homeland Security's automated 
targeting system and integrate such information with other intelligence 
to enhance the accuracy of the risk assessment process under the ACAS 
Program.
    (e) No Duplication.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator shall carry out this section in a 
manner that, after the ACAS Program is fully in effect, ensures, to the 
greatest extent practicable, that the ACAS Program does not duplicate 
other Department programs or requirements relating to the submission of 
air cargo data or the inspection of high-risk cargo.
    (f) Consideration of Industry.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, 
the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) consider the content and timeliness of the available data 
    may vary among entities in the air cargo industry and among 
    countries;
        (2) explore procedures to accommodate the variations described 
    in paragraph (1) while maximizing the contribution of such data to 
    the risk assessment process under the ACAS Program;
        (3) test the business processes, technologies, and operational 
    procedures required to provide advance information with respect to 
    cargo on aircraft departing for the United States and carry out 
    related inspection of high-risk cargo, while ensuring delays and 
    other negative impacts on vital supply chains are minimized; and
        (4) consider the cost, benefit, and feasibility before 
    establishing any set time period for submission of certain elements 
    of the data for air cargo under this section in line with the 
    regulatory guidelines specified in Executive Order 13563 or any 
    successor Executive order or regulation.
    (g) Guidance.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator shall provide guidance for 
participants in the ACAS Program regarding the requirements for 
participation, including requirements for transmitting shipment level 
data.
    (h) Use of Data.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator shall use the data provided under the 
ACAS Program for targeting shipments for screening and aviation 
security purposes only.
    (i) Final Rule.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection, in coordination with the Administrator, shall issue a final 
regulation to implement the ACAS Program to include the electronic 
transmission to U.S. Customs and Border Protection of data elements for 
targeting cargo, including appropriate security elements of shipment 
level data.
    (j) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
commencement of the ACAS Program, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection and the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report detailing the operational 
implementation of providing advance information under the ACAS Program 
and the value of such information in targeting cargo.
SEC. 1952. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.
    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Securing 
General Aviation and Charter Air Carrier Service Act''.
    (b) Advanced Passenger Prescreening System.--Not later than 120 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status 
of the deployment of the advanced passenger prescreening system, and 
access thereto for certain aircraft charter operators, as required by 
section 44903(j)(2)(E) of title 49, United States Code, including--
        (1) the reasons for the delay in deploying the system; and
        (2) a detailed schedule of actions necessary for the deployment 
    of the system.
    (c) Screening Services Other Than in Primary Passenger Terminals.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to the provisions of this subsection, 
    the Administrator may provide screening services to a charter air 
    carrier in an area other than the primary passenger terminal of an 
    applicable airport.
        (2) Requests.--A request for screening services under paragraph 
    (1) shall be made at such time, in such form, and in such manner as 
    the Administrator may require, except that the request shall be 
    made to the Federal Security Director for the applicable airport at 
    which the screening services are requested.
        (3) Availability.--A Federal Security Director may provide 
    requested screening services under this section if the Federal 
    Security Director determines such screening services are available.
        (4) Agreements.--
            (A) Limitation.--No screening services may be provided 
        under this section unless a charter air carrier agrees in 
        writing to compensate the TSA for all reasonable costs, 
        including overtime, of providing the screening services.
            (B) Payments.--Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, 
        United States Code, payment received under subparagraph (A) 
        shall be credited to the account that was used to cover the 
        cost of providing the screening services. Amounts so credited 
        shall be merged with amounts in that account, and shall be 
        available for the same purposes, and subject to the same 
        conditions and limitations, as other amounts in that account.
        (5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            (A) Applicable airport.--The term ``applicable airport'' 
        means an airport that--
                (i) is not a commercial service airport; and
                (ii) is receiving screening services for scheduled 
            passenger aircraft.
            (B) Charter air carrier.--The term ``charter air carrier'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            (C) Screening services.--The term ``screening services'' 
        means the screening of passengers and property similar to the 
        screening of passengers and property described in section 44901 
        of title 49, United States Code.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the ASAC, shall, 
consistent with the requirements of paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 
44946(b) of title 49, United States Code, submit to the appropriate 
Committees of Congress an implementation plan, including an 
implementation schedule, for any of the following recommendations that 
were adopted by the ASAC and with which the Administrator has concurred 
before the date of the enactment of this Act:
        (1) The recommendation regarding general aviation access to 
    Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, as adopted on February 
    17, 2015.
        (2) The recommendation regarding the vetting of persons seeking 
    flight training in the United States, as adopted on July 28, 2016.
        (3) Any other such recommendations relevant to the security of 
    general aviation adopted before the date of the enactment of this 
    Act.
    (e) Designated Staffing.--The Administrator may designate 1 or more 
full-time employees of the TSA to liaise with, and respond to issues 
raised by, general aviation stakeholders.
    (f) Security Enhancements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
ASAC, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the feasibility of requiring a security threat assessment before an 
individual could obtain training from a private flight school to 
operate an aircraft having a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 
more than 12,500 pounds.

                  Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

SEC. 1953. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORTS; SECURITY DIRECTIVES.
    (a) Notice and Consultation.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent 
    practicable, consult and notify the following stakeholders prior to 
    making changes to security standards via security directives and 
    emergency amendments for last points of departure:
            (A) Trade association representatives, for affected air 
        carriers and airports, who hold the appropriate security 
        clearances.
            (B) The head of each relevant Federal department or agency, 
        including the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
        (2) Transmittal to congress.--Not later than 3 days after the 
    date that the Administrator issues a security directive or 
    emergency amendment for a last point of departure, the 
    Administrator shall transmit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress a description of the extent to which the Administrator 
    consulted and notified the stakeholders under paragraph (1).
    (b) GAO Report.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall review the effectiveness of the TSA process to update, 
    consolidate, or revoke security directives, emergency amendments, 
    and other policies related to international aviation security at 
    last point of departure airports and submit to the appropriate 
    committees of Congress and the Administrator a report on the 
    findings and recommendations.
        (2) Contents.--In conducting the review under paragraph (1), 
    the Comptroller General shall--
            (A) review current security directives, emergency 
        amendments, and any other policies related to international 
        aviation security at last point of departure airports;
            (B) review the extent of intra-agency and interagency 
        coordination, stakeholder outreach, coordination, and feedback; 
        and
            (C) review TSA's process and criteria for, and 
        implementation of, updating or revoking the policies described 
        in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Rescreening.--Subject to section 44901(d)(4)(c) of title 49, 
United States Code, upon discovery of specific threat intelligence, the 
Administrator shall immediately direct TSA personnel to rescreen 
passengers and baggage arriving from an airport outside the United 
States and identify enhanced measures that should be implemented at 
that airport.
    (d) Notification to Congress.--Not later than 1 day after the date 
that the Administrator determines that a foreign air carrier is in 
violation of part 1546 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or any 
other applicable security requirement, the Administrator shall notify 
the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (e) Decisions Not Subject to Judicial Review.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, any decision of the Administrator under 
subsection (a)(1) relating to consultation or notification shall not be 
subject to judicial review.
SEC. 1954. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT ASSESSMENT.
    Section 44907(a)(2)(B) is amended by inserting ``, including the 
screening and vetting of airport workers'' before the semicolon.
SEC. 1955. TRACKING SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT FROM LAST POINT OF 
DEPARTURE AIRPORTS.
    (a) Donation of Screening Equipment To Protect the United States.--
Chapter 449 is amended--
        (1) in subchapter I, by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United 
     States
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the Administrator is 
authorized to donate security screening equipment to a foreign last 
point of departure airport operator if such equipment can be reasonably 
expected to mitigate a specific vulnerability to the security of the 
United States or United States citizens.
    ``(b) Conditions.--Before donating any security screening equipment 
to a foreign last point of departure airport operator the Administrator 
shall--
        ``(1) ensure that the screening equipment has been restored to 
    commercially available settings;
        ``(2) ensure that no TSA-specific security standards or 
    algorithms exist on the screening equipment; and
        ``(3) verify that the appropriate officials have an adequate 
    system--
            ``(A) to properly maintain and operate the screening 
        equipment; and
            ``(B) to document and track any removal or disposal of the 
        screening equipment to ensure the screening equipment does not 
        come into the possession of terrorists or otherwise pose a risk 
        to security.
    ``(c) Reports.--Not later than 30 days before any donation of 
security screening equipment under subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a detailed written explanation of the following:
        ``(1) The specific vulnerability to the United States or United 
    States citizens that will be mitigated by such donation.
        ``(2) An explanation as to why the recipient of such donation 
    is unable or unwilling to purchase security screening equipment to 
    mitigate such vulnerability.
        ``(3) An evacuation plan for sensitive technologies in case of 
    emergency or instability in the country to which such donation is 
    being made.
        ``(4) How the Administrator will ensure the security screening 
    equipment that is being donated is used and maintained over the 
    course of its life by the recipient.
        ``(5) The total dollar value of such donation.
        ``(6) How the appropriate officials will document and track any 
    removal or disposal of the screening equipment by the recipient to 
    ensure the screening equipment does not come into the possession of 
    terrorists or otherwise pose a risk to security.''; and
        (2) in the table of contents, by inserting after the item 
    relating to section 44928 the following:

``44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United 
          States.''.

    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3204 of the 
Aviation Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the item 
relating to that section in the table of contents of that Act are 
repealed.
    (c) Raising International Standards.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall collaborate 
with other aviation authorities and the United States Ambassador or the 
Charge d'Affaires to the United States Mission to the International 
Civil Aviation Organization, as applicable, to advance a global 
standard for each international airport to document and track the 
removal and disposal of any security screening equipment to ensure the 
screening equipment does not come into the possession of terrorists or 
otherwise pose a risk to security.
SEC. 1956. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STANDARDS.
    (a) Global Aviation Security Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the 
    Commissioner of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the 
    Director of the Office of International Engagement of the 
    Department of Homeland Security, and the Secretary of State, shall 
    conduct a global aviation security review to improve aviation 
    security standards, including standards intended to mitigate 
    cybersecurity threats, across the global aviation system.
        (2) Best practices.--The global aviation security review shall 
    establish best practices regarding the following:
            (A) Collaborating with foreign partners to improve global 
        aviation security capabilities and standards.
            (B) Identifying foreign partners that--
                (i) have not successfully implemented security 
            protocols from the International Civil Aviation 
            Organization or the Department of Homeland Security; and
                (ii) have not taken steps to implement such security 
            protocols;
            (C) Improving the development, outreach, and implementation 
        process for security directives or emergency amendments issued 
        to domestic and foreign air carriers.
            (D) Assessing the cybersecurity risk of security screening 
        equipment.
    (b) Notification.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
United States Ambassador to the International Civil Aviation 
Organization, shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives of the progress of the review 
under subsection (a) and any proposed international improvements to 
aviation security.
    (c) ICAO.--Subject to subsection (a), the Administrator and 
Ambassador shall take such action at the International Civil Aviation 
Organization as the Administrator and Ambassador consider necessary to 
advance aviation security improvement proposals, including if 
practicable, introducing a resolution to raise minimum standards for 
aviation security.
    (d) Briefings to Congress.--Beginning not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the 
Administrator, in consultation with the Ambassador with respect to 
subsection (c), shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives on the implementation of 
subsections (a) and (b).
SEC. 1957. AVIATION SECURITY IN CUBA.
    (a) Security of Public Charter Operations.--The Administrator of 
the Transportation Security Administration, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration, shall--
        (1) direct all public charters operating flights between the 
    United States and Cuba to provide updated flight schedules to, and 
    maintain such schedules with, the Transportation Security 
    Administration; and
        (2) develop and implement a mechanism that corroborates and 
    validates flight schedule data to more reliably track the public 
    charter operations of air carriers between the United States and 
    Cuba.
    (b) Briefing on Security at Airports in Cuba.--The Administrator 
shall provide to Congress (including the Committee on Homeland Security 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate) a confidential briefing on the 
following aspects of security measures at airports in Cuba that have 
air service to the United States:
        (1) Details about the type of equipment used at screening 
    checkpoints and an analysis of the capabilities and weaknesses of 
    that equipment.
        (2) Information about each such airport's canine screening 
    program, if used.
        (3) The frequency of training for screening and security 
    personnel.
        (4) Access controls in place to ensure only credentialed 
    personnel have access to the secure and sterile areas of such 
    airports.
        (5) An assessment of the ability of known or suspected 
    terrorists to use Cuba as a gateway to entering the United States.
        (6) Security of such airports' perimeters.
        (7) The vetting practices and procedures for airport employees.
        (8) Any other information the Administrator considers relevant 
    to the security practices, procedures, and equipment in place at 
    such airports.
SEC. 1958. REPORT ON AIRPORTS USED BY MAHAN AIR.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2021, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Transportation, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, 
and the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to Congress a 
report that includes--
        (1) a list of all airports at which aircraft owned or 
    controlled by Mahan Air have landed during the 2 years preceding 
    the submission of the report; and
        (2) for each such airport--
            (A) an assessment of whether aircraft owned or controlled 
        by Mahan Air continue to conduct operations at that airport;
            (B) an assessment of whether any of the landings of 
        aircraft owned or controlled by Mahan Air were necessitated by 
        an emergency situation;
            (C) a determination regarding whether additional security 
        measures should be imposed on flights to the United States that 
        originate from that airport; and
            (D) an explanation of the rationale for that determination.
    (b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall 
be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (c) Publication of List.--The list required by subsection (a)(1) 
shall be publicly and prominently posted on the website of the 
Department of Homeland Security on the date on which the report 
required by subsection (a) is submitted to Congress.

                 Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

SEC. 1959. FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL SERVICE UPDATES.
    (a) Standardization.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a standard 
    written agreement that shall be the basis of all negotiations and 
    agreements that begin after the date of enactment of this Act 
    between the United States and foreign governments or partners 
    regarding the presence of Federal air marshals on flights to and 
    from the United States, including deployment, technical assistance, 
    and information sharing.
        (2) Written agreements.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), 
    not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
    all agreements between the United States and foreign governments or 
    partners regarding the presence of Federal air marshals on flights 
    to and from the United States shall be in writing and signed by the 
    Administrator or other authorized United States Government 
    representative.
        (3) Exception.--The Administrator may schedule Federal air 
    marshal service on flights operating to a foreign country with 
    which no written agreement is in effect if the Administrator 
    determines that--
            (A) such mission is necessary for aviation security; and
            (B) the requirements of paragraph (4)(B) are met.
        (4) Notification to congress.--
            (A) Written agreements.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        date that the Administrator enters into a written agreement 
        under this section, the Administrator shall transmit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the agreement.
            (B) No written agreements.--The Administrator shall submit 
        to the appropriate committees of Congress--
                (i) not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
            of this Act, a list of each foreign government or partner 
            that does not have a written agreement under this section, 
            including an explanation for why no written agreement 
            exists and a justification for the determination that such 
            a mission is necessary for aviation security; and
                (ii) not later than 30 days after the date that the 
            Administrator makes a determination to schedule Federal air 
            marshal service on flights operating to a foreign country 
            with which no written agreement is in effect under 
            paragraph (3), the name of the applicable foreign 
            government or partner, an explanation for why no written 
            agreement exists, and a justification for the determination 
            that such mission is necessary for aviation security.
    (b) Mission Scheduling Automation.--The Administrator shall 
endeavor to acquire automated capabilities or technologies for 
scheduling Federal air marshal service missions based on current risk 
modeling.
    (c) Improving Federal Air Marshal Service Deployments.--
        (1) After-action reports.--The Administrator shall strengthen 
    internal controls to ensure that all after-action reports on 
    Federal air marshal service special mission coverage provided to 
    stakeholders include documentation of supervisory review and 
    approval, and mandatory narratives.
        (2) Study.--The Administrator shall contract with an 
    independent entity to conduct a validation and verification study 
    of the risk analysis and risk-based determinations guiding Federal 
    air marshal service deployment, including the use of risk-based 
    strategies under subsection (d).
        (3) Cost-benefit analysis.--The Administrator shall conduct a 
    cost-benefit analysis regarding mitigation of aviation security 
    threats through Federal air marshal service deployment.
        (4) Performance measures.--The Administrator shall improve 
    existing performance measures to better determine the effectiveness 
    of in-flight operations in addressing the highest risks to aviation 
    transportation based on current intelligence.
        (5) Long distance flights.--Section 44917 is amended--
            (A) by striking subsection (b); and
            (B) by redesignating subsections (c) through (d) as 
        subsections (b) through (c), respectively.
    (d) Use of Risk-based Strategies.--
        (1) In general.--Section 44917(a) is amended--
            (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(9) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize 
    a risk-based strategy when allocating resources between 
    international and domestic flight coverage, including when 
    initially setting its annual target numbers of average daily 
    international and domestic flights to cover;
        ``(10) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize 
    a risk-based strategy to support domestic allocation decisions;
        ``(11) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize 
    a risk-based strategy to support international allocation 
    decisions; and
        ``(12) shall ensure that the seating arrangements of Federal 
    air marshals on aircraft are determined in a manner that is risk-
    based and most capable of responding to current threats to aviation 
    security.''.
        (2) Briefing.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the 
    appropriate committees of Congress on the Federal Air Marshal 
    Service's compliance with the requirements under paragraphs (9) 
    through (12) of section 44917(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
    as added by this Act, and the documented methodology used by the 
    Federal Air Marshal Service to conduct risk assessments in 
    accordance with such paragraphs.
        (3) Implementation deadline.--Not later than 180 days after the 
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin 
    implementing the requirements under paragraphs (9) through (12) of 
    section 44917(a), United States Code, as added by this Act.
SEC. 1960. CREW MEMBER SELF-DEFENSE TRAINING.
    The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration, shall continue to carry out and 
encourage increased participation by air carrier employees in the 
voluntary self-defense training program under section 44918(b) of title 
49, United States Code.
SEC. 1961. FLIGHT DECK SAFETY AND SECURITY.
    (a) Threat Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall complete a 
detailed threat assessment to identify any safety or security risks 
associated with unauthorized access to the flight decks on commercial 
aircraft and any appropriate measures that should be taken based on the 
risks.
    (b) RTCA Report.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall disseminate 
RTCA Document (DO-329) Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative 
Flight Deck Security Procedure to aviation stakeholders, including air 
carriers and flight crew, to convey effective methods and best 
practices to protect the flight deck.
SEC. 1962. CARRIAGE OF WEAPONS, EXPLOSIVES, AND INCENDIARIES BY 
INDIVIDUALS.
    (a) Interpretive Rule.--Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the 
Administrator shall periodically review and amend, as necessary, the 
interpretive rule (68 Fed. Reg. 7444) that provides guidance to the 
public on the types of property considered to be weapons, explosives, 
and incendiaries prohibited under section 1540.111 of title 49, Code of 
Federal Regulations.
    (b) Considerations.--Before determining whether to amend the 
interpretive rule to include or remove an item from the prohibited 
list, the Administrator shall--
        (1) research and evaluate--
            (A) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on 
        security risks;
            (B) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on 
        screening operations, including effectiveness and efficiency; 
        and
            (C) whether the amendment is consistent with international 
        standards and guidance, including of the International Civil 
        Aviation Organization; and
        (2) consult with appropriate aviation security stakeholders, 
    including ASAC.
    (c) Exceptions.--Except for plastic or round bladed butter knives, 
the Administrator may not amend the interpretive rule described in 
subsection (a) to authorize any knife to be permitted in an airport 
sterile area or in the cabin of an aircraft.
    (d) Notification.--The Administrator shall--
        (1) publish in the Federal Register any amendment to the 
    interpretive rule described in subsection (a); and
        (2) notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the 
    amendment not later than 3 days before publication under paragraph 
    (1).
SEC. 1963. FEDERAL FLIGHT DECK OFFICER PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.
    (a) Improved Access to Training Facilities.--Section 
44921(c)(2)(C)(ii) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``The training of'' and inserting the 
    following:

                    ``(I) In general.--The training of'';

        (2) in subclause (I), as designated, by striking ``approved by 
    the Under Secretary''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:

                    ``(II) Access to training facilities.--The 
                Administrator shall designate additional firearms 
                training facilities located in various regions of the 
                United States for Federal flight deck officers for 
                recurrent and requalifying training relative to the 
                number of such facilities available on the day before 
                such date of enactment.''.

    (b) Firearms Requalification.--Section 44921(c)(2)(C) is amended--
        (1) in clause (iii)--
            (A) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and inserting 
        the following:

                    ``(I) In general.--The Administrator shall'';

            (B) in subclause (I), as designated by subparagraph (A), by 
        striking ``the Under Secretary'' and inserting ``the 
        Administrator''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:

                    ``(II) Use of facilities for requalification.--The 
                Administrator shall allow a Federal flight deck officer 
                to requalify to carry a firearm under the program 
                through training at a Transportation Security 
                Administration-approved firearms training facility 
                utilizing a Transportation Security Administration-
                approved contractor and a curriculum developed and 
                approved by the Transportation Security 
                Administration.''; and

        (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(iv) Periodic review.--The Administrator shall 
            periodically review requalification training intervals and 
            assess whether it is appropriate and sufficient to adjust 
            the time between each requalification training to 
            facilitate continued participation in the program under 
            this section while still maintaining effectiveness of the 
            training, and update the training requirements as 
            appropriate.''.
    (c) Training Review.--Section 44921(c)(2) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(D) Training review.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, and biennially 
        thereafter, the Administrator shall review training facilities 
        and training requirements for initial and recurrent training 
        for Federal flight deck officers and evaluate how training 
        requirements, including the length of training, could be 
        streamlined while maintaining the effectiveness of the 
        training, and update the training requirements as 
        appropriate.''.
    (d) Other Measures to Facilitate Training.--Section 44921(e) is 
amended--
        (1) by striking ``Pilots participating'' and inserting the 
    following:
        ``(1) In general.--Pilots participating''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Facilitation of training.--An air carrier shall permit a 
    pilot seeking to be deputized as a Federal flight deck officer or a 
    Federal flight deck officer to take a reasonable amount of leave to 
    participate in initial, recurrent, or requalification training, as 
    applicable, for the program. Leave required under this paragraph 
    may be provided without compensation.''.
    (e) International Harmonization.--Section 44921(f) is amended--
        (1) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
    and inserting ``Administrator''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) Consistency with federal air marshal program.--The 
    Administrator shall harmonize, to the extent practicable and in a 
    manner that does not jeopardize existing Federal air marshal 
    agreements, the policies relating to the carriage of firearms on 
    international flights by Federal flight deck officers with the 
    policies of the Federal air marshal program for carrying firearms 
    on such flights and carrying out the duties of a Federal flight 
    deck officer, notwithstanding Annex 17 of the International Civil 
    Aviation Organization.''.
    (f) Physical Standards.--Section 44921(d)(2) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses 
    (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively;
        (2) in clause (ii), as redesignated, by striking ``Under 
    Secretary's'' and inserting ``Administrator's'';
        (3) by striking ``A pilot is'' and inserting the following:
            ``(A) In general.--A pilot is''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(B) Consistency with requirements for certain medical 
        certificates.--In establishing standards under subparagraph 
        (A)(ii), the Administrator may not establish medical or 
        physical standards for a pilot to become a Federal flight deck 
        officer that are inconsistent with or more stringent than the 
        requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration for the 
        issuance of the required airman medical certificate under part 
        67 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
        corresponding similar regulation or ruling).''.
    (g) Transfer of Status.--Section 44921(d) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
        ``(5) Transfer from inactive to active status.--In accordance 
    with any applicable Transportation Security Administration appeals 
    processes, a pilot deputized as a Federal flight deck officer who 
    moves to inactive status may return to active status upon 
    successful completion of a recurrent training program administered 
    within program guidelines.''.
    (h) Technical Corrections.--Section 44921, as amended by this 
section, is further amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
    Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (2) in subsection (b)--
            (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 3 months 
        after the date of enactment of this section, the Under 
        Secretary'' and inserting ``The Administrator'';
            (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Beginning 3 months 
        after the date of enactment of this section, the Under 
        Secretary shall begin the process of training and deputizing'' 
        and inserting ``The Administrator shall train and deputize''; 
        and
            (C) in paragraph (3)(N), by striking ``Under Secretary's'' 
        and inserting ``Administrator's'';
        (3) in subsection (d)(4)--
            (A) by striking ``may,'' and inserting ``may''; and
            (B) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and inserting 
        ``Administrator's'';
        (4) in subsection (i)(2), by striking ``the Under Secretary 
    may'' and inserting ``may'';
        (5) in subsection (k)--
            (A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3); and
            (B) by striking ``Applicability.--'' and all that follows 
        through ``This section'' and inserting ``Applicability.--This 
        section'';
        (6) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definitions.--In this section:
        ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
    Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.
        ``(2) Air transportation.--The term `air transportation' 
    includes all-cargo air transportation.
        ``(3) Firearms training facility.--The term `firearms training 
    facility' means a private or government-owned gun range approved by 
    the Administrator to provide recurrent or requalification training, 
    as applicable, for the program, utilizing a Transportation Security 
    Administration-approved contractor and a curriculum developed and 
    approved by the Transportation Security Administration.
        ``(4) Pilot.--The term `pilot' means an individual who has 
    final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of 
    the flight or any other flight deck crew member.''; and
        (7) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and 
    inserting ``Administrator''.
    (i) Sensitive Security Information.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act--
        (1) the Secretary of Transportation shall revise section 
    15.5(b)(11) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify 
    information about pilots deputized as Federal flight deck officers 
    under section 44921 of title 49, United States Code, as sensitive 
    security information in a manner consistent with the classification 
    of information about Federal air marshals; and
        (2) the Administrator shall revise section 1520.5(b)(11) of 
    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify information 
    about pilots deputized as Federal flight deck officers under 
    section 44921 of title 49, United States Code, as sensitive 
    security information in a manner consistent with the classification 
    of information about Federal air marshals.
    (j) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall prescribe such 
regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section and the 
amendments made by this section.

              Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

SEC. 1964. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND 
IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK-BASED STRATEGY.
    (a) Security Assessment.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete an 
    assessment of the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface 
    transportation systems.
        (2) Considerations.--In conducting the security assessment 
    under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, at a minimum--
            (A) consider appropriate intelligence;
            (B) consider security breaches and attacks at domestic and 
        international surface transportation facilities;
            (C) consider the vulnerabilities and risks associated with 
        specific modes of surface transportation;
            (D) evaluate the vetting and security training of--
                (i) employees in surface transportation; and
                (ii) other individuals with access to sensitive or 
            secure areas of surface transportation networks; and
            (E) consider input from--
                (i) representatives of different modes of surface 
            transportation;
                (ii) representatives of critical infrastructure 
            entities;
                (iii) the Transportation Systems Sector Coordinating 
            Council; and
                (iv) the heads of other relevant Federal departments or 
            agencies.
    (b) Risk-based Surface Transportation Security Strategy.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
    security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the 
    Administrator shall use the results of the assessment--
            (A) to develop and implement a cross-cutting, risk-based 
        surface transportation security strategy that includes--
                (i) all surface transportation modes;
                (ii) a mitigating strategy that aligns with each 
            vulnerability and risk identified in subsection (a);
                (iii) a planning process to inform resource allocation;
                (iv) priorities, milestones, and performance metrics to 
            measure the effectiveness of the risk-based surface 
            transportation security strategy; and
                (v) processes for sharing relevant and timely 
            intelligence threat information with appropriate 
            stakeholders;
            (B) to develop a management oversight strategy that--
                (i) identifies the parties responsible for the 
            implementation, management, and oversight of the risk-based 
            surface transportation security strategy; and
                (ii) includes a plan for implementing the risk-based 
            surface transportation security strategy; and
            (C) to modify the risk-based budget and resource 
        allocations, in accordance with section 1965(c), for the 
        Transportation Security Administration.
        (2) Coordinated approach.--In developing and implementing the 
    risk-based surface transportation security strategy under paragraph 
    (1), the Administrator shall coordinate with the heads of other 
    relevant Federal departments or agencies, and stakeholders, as 
    appropriate--
            (A) to evaluate existing surface transportation security 
        programs, policies, and initiatives, including the explosives 
        detection canine teams, for consistency with the risk-based 
        security strategy and, to the extent practicable, avoid any 
        unnecessary duplication of effort;
            (B) to determine the extent to which stakeholder security 
        programs, policies, and initiatives address the vulnerabilities 
        and risks to surface transportation systems identified in 
        subsection (a); and
            (C) subject to subparagraph (B), to mitigate each 
        vulnerability and risk to surface transportation systems 
        identified in subsection (a).
    (c) Report.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
    security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the 
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
    Congress and the Inspector General of the Department a report 
    that--
            (A) describes the process used to complete the security 
        assessment;
            (B) describes the process used to develop the risk-based 
        security strategy;
            (C) describes the risk-based security strategy;
            (D) includes the management oversight strategy;
            (E) includes--
                (i) the findings of the security assessment;
                (ii) a description of the actions recommended or taken 
            by the Administrator to mitigate the vulnerabilities and 
            risks identified in subsection (a), including interagency 
            coordination;
                (iii) any recommendations for improving the coordinated 
            approach to mitigating vulnerabilities and risks to surface 
            transportation systems; and
                (iv) any recommended changes to the National 
            Infrastructure Protection Plan, the modal annexes to such 
            plan, or relevant surface transportation security programs, 
            policies, or initiatives; and
            (F) may contain a classified annex.
        (2) Protections.--In preparing the report, the Administrator 
    shall take appropriate actions to safeguard information described 
    by section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, or protected from 
    disclosure by any other law of the United States.
    (d) Updates.--Not less frequently than semiannually, the 
Administrator shall report to or brief the appropriate committees of 
Congress on the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface transportation 
systems and how those vulnerabilities and risks affect the risk-based 
security strategy.
SEC. 1965. RISK-BASED BUDGETING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION.
    (a) Report.--In conjunction with the submission of the Department's 
annual budget request to the Office of Management and Budget, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report that describes a risk-based budget and resource allocation plan 
for surface transportation sectors, within and across modes, that--
        (1) reflects the risk-based surface transportation security 
    strategy under section 1964(b); and
        (2) is organized by appropriations account, program, project, 
    and initiative.
    (b) Budget Transparency.--In submitting the annual budget of the 
United States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United States 
Code, the President shall clearly distinguish the resources requested 
for surface transportation security from the resources requested for 
aviation security.
    (c) Resource Reallocation.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date on which 
    the Transportation Security Administration allocates any resources 
    or personnel, including personnel sharing, detailing, or 
    assignment, or the use of facilities, technology systems, or 
    vetting resources, for a nontransportation security purpose or 
    National Special Security Event (as defined in section 2001 of 
    Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 601)), the Secretary shall 
    provide the notification described in paragraph (2) to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress.
        (2) Notification.--A notification described in this paragraph 
    shall include--
            (A) the reason for and a justification of the resource or 
        personnel allocation;
            (B) the expected end date of the resource or personnel 
        allocation; and
            (C) the projected cost to the Transportation Security 
        Administration of the personnel or resource allocation.
    (d) 5-year Capital Investment Plan.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives 
a 5-year capital investment plan, consistent with the 5-year technology 
investment plan under section 1611 of title XVI of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 3 of the Transportation 
Security Acquisition Reform Act (Public Law 113-245; 128 Stat. 2871).
SEC. 1966. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND INTERAGENCY 
COORDINATION REVIEW.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
        (1) review the staffing, budget, resource, and personnel 
    allocation, and management oversight strategy of the Transportation 
    Security Administration's surface transportation security programs;
        (2) review the coordination between relevant entities of 
    leadership, planning, policy, inspections, and implementation of 
    security programs relating to surface transportation to reduce 
    redundancy and regulatory burden; and
        (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the findings of the reviews under paragraphs (1) and (2), 
    including any recommendations for improving coordination between 
    relevant entities and reducing redundancy and regulatory burden.
SEC. 1967. TRANSPARENCY.
    (a) Regulations.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the 
    Administrator shall publish on a public website information 
    regarding the status of each regulation relating to surface 
    transportation security that is directed by law to be issued and 
    that has not been issued if not less than 2 years have passed since 
    the date of enactment of the law.
        (2) Contents.--The information published under paragraph (1) 
    shall include--
            (A) an updated rulemaking schedule for the outstanding 
        regulation;
            (B) current staff allocations;
            (C) data collection or research relating to the development 
        of the rulemaking;
            (D) current efforts, if any, with security experts, 
        advisory committees, and other stakeholders; and
            (E) other relevant details associated with the development 
        of the rulemaking that impact the progress of the rulemaking.
    (b) Inspector General Review.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter until all 
of the requirements under titles XIII, XIV, and XV of the Implementing 
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1111 et 
seq.) and under this title have been fully implemented, the Inspector 
General of the Department shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report that--
        (1) identifies the requirements under such titles of that Act 
    and under this title that have not been fully implemented;
        (2) describes what, if any, additional action is necessary; and
        (3) includes recommendations regarding whether any of the 
    requirements under such titles of that Act or this title should be 
    amended or repealed.
SEC. 1968. TSA COUNTERTERRORISM ASSET DEPLOYMENT.
    (a) Counterterrorism Asset Deployment.--
        (1) In general.--If the Administrator deploys any 
    counterterrorism personnel or resource, such as explosive detection 
    sweeps, random bag inspections, or patrols by Visible Intermodal 
    Prevention and Response teams, to enhance security at a 
    transportation system or transportation facility for a period of 
    not less than 180 consecutive days, the Administrator shall provide 
    sufficient notification to the system or facility operator, as 
    applicable, not less than 14 days prior to terminating the 
    deployment.
        (2) Exception.--This subsection shall not apply if the 
    Administrator--
            (A) determines there is an urgent security need for the 
        personnel or resource described in paragraph (1); and
            (B) notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the 
        determination under subparagraph (A).
    (b) VIPR Teams.--Section 1303 of the Implementing Recommendations 
of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``team,'' and inserting 
    ``team as to specific locations and times within the facilities of 
    such entities at which VIPR teams are to be deployed to maximize 
    the effectiveness of such deployment,''; and
        (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Performance Measures.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall 
develop and implement a system of qualitative performance measures and 
objectives by which to assess the roles, activities, and effectiveness 
of VIPR team operations on an ongoing basis, including a mechanism 
through which the transportation entities referred to in subsection 
(a)(4) may submit feedback on VIPR team operations involving their 
systems or facilities.
    ``(c) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and 
implement a plan for ensuring the interoperability of communications 
among VIPR team participants and between VIPR teams and any 
transportation entities with systems or facilities that are involved in 
VIPR team operations. Such plan shall include an analysis of the costs 
and resources required to carry out such plan.''.
SEC. 1969. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title IV of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``SEC. 404. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
    ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Transportation 
Security Administration (referred to in this section as 
`Administrator') shall establish within the Transportation Security 
Administration the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
(referred to in this section as the `Advisory Committee').
    ``(b) Duties.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Advisory Committee may advise, consult 
    with, report to, and make recommendations to the Administrator on 
    surface transportation security matters, including the development, 
    refinement, and implementation of policies, programs, initiatives, 
    rulemakings, and security directives pertaining to surface 
    transportation security.
        ``(2) Risk-based security.--The Advisory Committee shall 
    consider risk-based security approaches in the performance of its 
    duties.
    ``(c) Membership.--
        ``(1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed 
    of--
            ``(A) voting members appointed by the Administrator under 
        paragraph (2); and
            ``(B) nonvoting members, serving in an advisory capacity, 
        who shall be designated by--
                ``(i) the Transportation Security Administration;
                ``(ii) the Department of Transportation;
                ``(iii) the Coast Guard; and
                ``(iv) such other Federal department or agency as the 
            Administrator considers appropriate.
        ``(2) Appointment.--The Administrator shall appoint voting 
    members from among stakeholders representing each mode of surface 
    transportation, such as passenger rail, freight rail, mass transit, 
    pipelines, highways, over-the-road bus, school bus industry, and 
    trucking, including representatives from--
            ``(A) associations representing such modes of surface 
        transportation;
            ``(B) labor organizations representing such modes of 
        surface transportation;
            ``(C) groups representing the users of such modes of 
        surface transportation, including asset manufacturers, as 
        appropriate;
            ``(D) relevant law enforcement, first responders, and 
        security experts; and
            ``(E) such other groups as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate.
        ``(3) Chairperson.--The Advisory Committee shall select a 
    chairperson from among its voting members.
        ``(4) Term of office.--
            ``(A) Terms.--
                ``(i) In general.--The term of each voting member of 
            the Advisory Committee shall be 2 years, but a voting 
            member may continue to serve until the Administrator 
            appoints a successor.
                ``(ii) Reappointment.--A voting member of the Advisory 
            Committee may be reappointed.
            ``(B) Removal.--
                ``(i) In general.--The Administrator may review the 
            participation of a member of the Advisory Committee and 
            remove such member for cause at any time.
                ``(ii) Access to information.--The Administrator may 
            remove any member of the Advisory Committee that the 
            Administrator determines should be restricted from 
            reviewing, discussing, or possessing classified information 
            or sensitive security information.
        ``(5) Prohibition on compensation.--The members of the Advisory 
    Committee shall not receive any compensation from the Government by 
    reason of their service on the Advisory Committee.
        ``(6) Meetings.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall require the 
        Advisory Committee to meet at least semiannually in person or 
        through web conferencing and may convene additional meetings as 
        necessary.
            ``(B) Public meetings.--At least 1 of the meetings of the 
        Advisory Committee each year shall be--
                ``(i) announced in the Federal Register;
                ``(ii) announced on a public website; and
                ``(iii) open to the public.
            ``(C) Attendance.--The Advisory Committee shall maintain a 
        record of the persons present at each meeting.
            ``(D) Minutes.--
                ``(i) In general.--Unless otherwise prohibited by other 
            Federal law, minutes of the meetings shall be published on 
            the public website under subsection (e)(5).
                ``(ii) Protection of classified and sensitive 
            information.--The Advisory Committee may redact or 
            summarize, as necessary, minutes of the meetings to protect 
            classified or other sensitive information in accordance 
            with law.
        ``(7) Voting member access to classified and sensitive security 
    information.--
            ``(A) Determinations.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        date on which a voting member is appointed to the Advisory 
        Committee and before that voting member may be granted any 
        access to classified information or sensitive security 
        information, the Administrator shall determine if the voting 
        member should be restricted from reviewing, discussing, or 
        possessing classified information or sensitive security 
        information.
            ``(B) Access.--
                ``(i) Sensitive security information.--If a voting 
            member is not restricted from reviewing, discussing, or 
            possessing sensitive security information under 
            subparagraph (A) and voluntarily signs a nondisclosure 
            agreement, the voting member may be granted access to 
            sensitive security information that is relevant to the 
            voting member's service on the Advisory Committee.
                ``(ii) Classified information.--Access to classified 
            materials shall be managed in accordance with Executive 
            Order 13526 of December 29, 2009 (75 Fed. Reg. 707), or any 
            subsequent corresponding Executive order.
            ``(C) Protections.--
                ``(i) Sensitive security information.--Voting members 
            shall protect sensitive security information in accordance 
            with part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(ii) Classified information.--Voting members shall 
            protect classified information in accordance with the 
            applicable requirements for the particular level of 
            classification.
        ``(8) Joint committee meetings.--The Advisory Committee may 
    meet with 1 or more of the following advisory committees to discuss 
    multimodal security issues and other security-related issues of 
    common concern:
            ``(A) Aviation Security Advisory Committee established 
        under section 44946 of title 49, United States Code.
            ``(B) Maritime Security Advisory Committee established 
        under section 70112 of title 46, United States Code.
            ``(C) Railroad Safety Advisory Committee established by the 
        Federal Railroad Administration.
        ``(9) Subject matter experts.--The Advisory Committee may 
    request the assistance of subject matter experts with expertise 
    related to the jurisdiction of the Advisory Committee.
    ``(d) Reports.--
        ``(1) Periodic reports.--The Advisory Committee shall 
    periodically submit reports to the Administrator on matters 
    requested by the Administrator or by a majority of the members of 
    the Advisory Committee.
        ``(2) Annual report.--
            ``(A) Submission.--The Advisory Committee shall submit to 
        the Administrator and the appropriate congressional committees 
        an annual report that provides information on the activities, 
        findings, and recommendations of the Advisory Committee during 
        the preceding year.
            ``(B) Publication.--Not later than 6 months after the date 
        that the Administrator receives an annual report under 
        subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish a public 
        version of the report, in accordance with section 552a(b) of 
        title 5, United States Code.
    ``(e) Administration Response.--
        ``(1) Consideration.--The Administrator shall consider the 
    information, advice, and recommendations of the Advisory Committee 
    in formulating policies, programs, initiatives, rulemakings, and 
    security directives pertaining to surface transportation security.
        ``(2) Feedback.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the 
    Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory Committee 
    under subsection (d)(2), the Administrator shall submit to the 
    Advisory Committee written feedback on the recommendation, 
    including--
            ``(A) if the Administrator agrees with the recommendation, 
        a plan describing the actions that the Administrator has taken, 
        will take, or recommends that the head of another Federal 
        department or agency take to implement the recommendation; or
            ``(B) if the Administrator disagrees with the 
        recommendation, a justification for that determination.
        ``(3) Notices.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
    Administrator submits feedback under paragraph (2), the 
    Administrator shall--
            ``(A) notify the appropriate congressional committees of 
        the feedback, including the determination under subparagraph 
        (A) or subparagraph (B) of that paragraph, as applicable; and
            ``(B) provide the appropriate congressional committees with 
        a briefing upon request.
        ``(4) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
    Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory Committee 
    under subsection (d)(2) that the Administrator agrees with, and 
    quarterly thereafter until the recommendation is fully implemented, 
    the Administrator shall submit a report to the appropriate 
    congressional committees or post on the public website under 
    paragraph (5) an update on the status of the recommendation.
        ``(5) Website.--The Administrator shall maintain a public 
    website that--
            ``(A) lists the members of the Advisory Committee; and
            ``(B) provides the contact information for the Advisory 
        Committee.
    ``(f) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act 
(5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory Committee or any 
subcommittee established under this section.''.
    (b) Advisory Committee Members.--
        (1) Voting members.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint the voting 
    members of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
    established under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, 
    as added by subsection (a) of this section.
        (2) Nonvoting members.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
    of enactment of this Act, each Federal Government department and 
    agency with regulatory authority over a mode of surface or maritime 
    transportation, as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall 
    designate an appropriate representative to serve as a nonvoting 
    member of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135) 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 403 the 
following:

``Sec. 404. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.''.
SEC. 1970. REVIEW OF THE EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the 
Inspector General of the Department receives the report under section 
1964(c), the Inspector General of the Department shall--
        (1) review the explosives detection canine team program, 
    including--
            (A) the development by the Transportation Security 
        Administration of a deployment strategy for explosives 
        detection canine teams;
            (B) the national explosives detection canine team training 
        program, including canine training, handler training, refresher 
        training, and updates to such training;
            (C) the use of the canine assets during an urgent security 
        need, including the reallocation of such program resources 
        outside the transportation systems sector during an urgent 
        security need; and
            (D) the monitoring and tracking of canine assets; and
        (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
    on the review, including any recommendations.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the review of the deployment 
strategy under subsection (a)(1)(A), the Inspector General shall 
consider whether the Transportation Security Administration's method to 
analyze the risk to transportation facilities and transportation 
systems is appropriate.
SEC. 1971. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM 
PROGRAM.
    (a) In General.--The Secretary, where appropriate, shall encourage 
State, local, and tribal governments and private owners of high-risk 
transportation facilities to strengthen security through the use of 
explosives detection canine teams.
    (b) Increased Capacity.--
        (1) In general.--Before the date the Inspector General of the 
    Department submits the report under section 1970, the Administrator 
    may increase the number of State and local surface and maritime 
    transportation canines by not more than 70 explosives detection 
    canine teams.
        (2) Additional teams.--Beginning on the date the Inspector 
    General of the Department submits the report under section 1970, 
    the Secretary may increase the State and local surface and maritime 
    transportation canines up to 200 explosives detection canine teams 
    unless more are identified in the risk-based surface transportation 
    security strategy under section 1964, consistent with section 1965 
    or with the President's most recent budget submitted under section 
    1105 of title 31, United States Code.
        (3) Recommendations.--Before initiating any increase in the 
    number of explosives detection teams under paragraph (2), the 
    Secretary shall consider any recommendations in the report under 
    section 1970 on the efficacy and management of the explosives 
    detection canine program.
    (c) Deployment.--The Secretary shall--
        (1) use the additional explosives detection canine teams, as 
    described in subsection (b)(1), as part of the Department's efforts 
    to strengthen security across the Nation's surface and maritime 
    transportation networks;
        (2) make available explosives detection canine teams to all 
    modes of transportation, subject to the requirements under section 
    1968, to address specific vulnerabilities or risks, on an as-needed 
    basis and as otherwise determined appropriate by the Secretary; and
        (3) consider specific needs and training requirements for 
    explosives detection canine teams to be deployed across the 
    Nation's surface and maritime transportation networks, including in 
    venues of multiple modes of transportation, as the Secretary 
    considers appropriate.
    (d) Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to the extent of appropriations to carry out this section for 
each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
SEC. 1972. STUDY ON SECURITY STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PASSENGER 
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.
    (a) Security Standards and Best Practices for United States and 
Foreign Passenger Transportation Systems.--The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study of how the Transportation 
Security Administration--
        (1) identifies and compares--
            (A) United States and foreign passenger transportation 
        security standards; and
            (B) best practices for protecting passenger transportation 
        systems, including shared terminal facilities, and cyber 
        systems; and
        (2) disseminates the findings under paragraph (1) to 
    stakeholders.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall issue a report that 
contains--
        (1) the findings of the study conducted under subsection (a); 
    and
        (2) any recommendations for improving the relevant processes or 
    procedures.
SEC. 1973. AMTRAK SECURITY UPGRADES.
    (a) Railroad Security Assistance.--Section 1513(b) of the 
Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 
U.S.C. 1163(b)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``, including communications interoperability where 
    appropriate with relevant outside agencies and entities.'';
        (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``security of'' and inserting 
    ``security and preparedness of'';
        (3) in paragraph (7), by striking ``security threats'' and 
    inserting ``security threats and preparedness, including 
    connectivity to the National Terrorist Screening Center''; and
        (4) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and security officers'' and 
    inserting ``, security, and preparedness officers''.
    (b) Specific Projects.--Section 1514(a)(3) of the Implementing 
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 
1164(a)(3)) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (D) by inserting ``, or to connect to the 
    National Terrorism Screening Center watchlist'' after 
    ``Secretary'';
        (2) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``; and'' at the end and 
    inserting a semicolon;
        (3) in subparagraph (H) by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting a semicolon; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(I) for improvements to passenger verification systems;
            ``(J) for improvements to employee and contractor 
        verification systems, including identity verification 
        technology; or
            ``(K) for improvements to the security of Amtrak computer 
        systems, including cybersecurity assessments and programs.''.
SEC. 1974. PASSENGER RAIL VETTING.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
the Amtrak Board of Directors submits a request to the Administrator, 
the Administrator shall issue a decision on the use by Amtrak of the 
Transportation Security Administration's Secure Flight Program or a 
similar passenger vetting system to enhance passenger rail security.
    (b) Considerations.--In making a decision under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
        (1) consider the technological, privacy, operational, and 
    security impacts of such a decision; and
        (2) describe such impacts in any strategic plan developed under 
    subsection (c).
    (c) Strategic Plan.--If the Administrator decides to grant the 
request by Amtrak under subsection (a), the decision shall include a 
strategic plan for working with rail stakeholders to enhance passenger 
rail security by--
        (1) vetting passengers using terrorist watch lists maintained 
    by the Federal Government or a similar passenger vetting system 
    maintained by the Transportation Security Administration; and
        (2) where applicable and in consultation with the Commissioner 
    of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, assessing whether the 
    vetting process should be integrated into preclearance operations 
    established under section 813 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade 
    Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4432).
    (d) Notices.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate 
committees of Congress of any decision made under subsection (a) and 
the details of the strategic plan under subsection (c).
    (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the Administrator's authority to set the access to, 
or terms and conditions of using, the Secure Flight Program or a 
similar passenger vetting system.
SEC. 1975. STUDY ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION INSPECTORS.
    (a) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees and the Comptroller General of the United 
States a strategy to guide operations of surface transportation 
security inspectors that addresses the following:
        (1) Any limitations in data systems for such inspectors, as 
    identified by the Comptroller General.
        (2) Alignment of operations with risk assessment findings, 
    including an approach to identifying and prioritizing entities and 
    locations for inspections.
        (3) Measurable objectives for the surface transportation 
    security inspectors program.
    (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
strategy under subsection (a) is submitted, the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall review such strategy and, as appropriate, issue 
recommendations.
SEC. 1976. SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAM.
    (a) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program to 
promote surface transportation security through the training of surface 
transportation operators and frontline employees on each of the skills 
identified in subsection (c).
    (b) Application.--The program established under subsection (a) 
shall apply to all modes of surface transportation, including public 
transportation, rail, highway, motor carrier, and pipeline.
    (c) Training.--The program established under subsection (a) shall 
cover, at a minimum, the skills necessary to recognize, assess, and 
respond to suspicious items or actions that could indicate a threat to 
transportation.
    (d) Assessment.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct an assessment 
    of current training programs for surface transportation operators 
    and frontline employees.
        (2) Contents.--The assessment shall identify--
            (A) whether other training is being provided, either 
        voluntarily or in response to other Federal requirements; and
            (B) whether there are any gaps in existing training.
    (e) Updates.--The Administrator shall ensure the program 
established under subsection (a) is updated as necessary to address 
changes in risk and terrorist methods and to close any gaps identified 
in the assessment under subsection (d).
    (f) Suspicious Activity Reporting.--
        (1) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain a national 
    telephone number for an individual to use to report suspicious 
    activity under this section to the Administration.
        (2) Procedures.--The Administrator shall establish procedures 
    for the Administration--
            (A) to review and follow-up, as necessary, on each report 
        received under paragraph (1); and
            (B) to share, as necessary and in accordance with law, the 
        report with appropriate Federal, State, local, and tribal 
        entities.
        (3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
    construed to--
            (A) replace or affect in any way the use of 9-1-1 services 
        in an emergency; or
            (B) replace or affect in any way the security training 
        program requirements specified in sections 1408, 1517, and 1534 
        of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act 
        of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1137, 1167, 1184).
    (g) Definition of Frontline Employee.--In this section, the term 
``frontline employee'' includes--
        (1) an employee of a public transportation agency who is a 
    transit vehicle driver or operator, dispatcher, maintenance and 
    maintenance support employee, station attendant, customer service 
    employee, security employee, or transit police, or any other 
    employee who has direct contact with riders on a regular basis, and 
    any other employee of a public transportation agency that the 
    Administrator determines should receive security training under 
    this section or that is receiving security training under other 
    law;
        (2) over-the-road bus drivers, security personnel, dispatchers, 
    maintenance and maintenance support personnel, ticket agents, other 
    terminal employees, and other employees of an over-the-road bus 
    operator or terminal owner or operator that the Administrator 
    determines should receive security training under this section or 
    that is receiving security training under other law; or
        (3) security personnel, dispatchers, locomotive engineers, 
    conductors, trainmen, other onboard employees, maintenance and 
    maintenance support personnel, bridge tenders, and any other 
    employees of railroad carriers that the Administrator determines 
    should receive security training under this section or that is 
    receiving security training under other law.
SEC. 1977. VOLUNTARY USE OF CREDENTIALING.
    (a) In General.--An applicable individual who is subject to 
credentialing or a background investigation may satisfy that 
requirement by obtaining a valid transportation security card.
    (b) Issuance of Cards.--The Secretary of Homeland Security--
        (1) shall expand the transportation security card program, 
    consistent with section 70105 of title 46, United States Code, to 
    allow an applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a 
    background investigation to apply for a transportation security 
    card; and
        (2) may charge reasonable fees, in accordance with section 
    520(a) of the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 
    2004 (6 U.S.C. 469(a)), for providing the necessary credentialing 
    and background investigation.
    (c) Vetting.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a plan 
to utilize, in addition to any background check required for initial 
issue, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service and other 
vetting tools as appropriate, including the No-Fly and Selectee lists, 
to get immediate notification of any criminal activity relating to any 
person with a valid transportation security card.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
        (1) Applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a 
    background investigation.--The term ``applicable individual who is 
    subject to credentialing or a background investigation'' means only 
    an individual who--
            (A) because of employment is regulated by the 
        Transportation Security Administration, Department of 
        Transportation, or Coast Guard and is required to have a 
        background records check to obtain a hazardous materials 
        endorsement on a commercial driver's license issued by a State 
        under section 5103a of title 49, United States Code; or
            (B) is required to have a credential and background records 
        check under section 2102(d)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 
        2002 (6 U.S.C. 622(d)(2)) at a facility with activities that 
        are regulated by the Transportation Security Administration, 
        Department of Transportation, or Coast Guard.
        (2) Valid transportation security card.--The term ``valid 
    transportation security card'' means a transportation security card 
    that is--
            (A) issued under section 70105 of title 46, United States 
        Code;
            (B) not expired;
            (C) shows no signs of tampering; and
            (D) bears a photograph of the individual representing such 
        card.
SEC. 1978. BACKGROUND RECORDS CHECKS FOR ISSUANCE OF HAZMAT LICENSES.
    (a) Issuance of Licenses.--Section 5103a(a)(1) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``unless'' and inserting ``unless--'';
        (2) by striking ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'' and 
    inserting the following:
            ``(A) ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'';'';
        (3) in subparagraph (A), as designated by paragraph (2) of this 
    subsection, by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
    or''; and
        (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(B) the individual holds a valid transportation security 
        card issued under section 70105 of title 46.''.
    (b) Transportation Security Card.--Section 5103a(d)(1) is amended, 
in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``described in 
subsection (a)(1)'' and inserting ``under subsection (a)(1)(A)''.
SEC. 1979. CARGO CONTAINER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.
    (a) Designations.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 5 
    years thereafter until the date of full-scale implementation of 100 
    percent screening of cargo containers and 100 percent scanning of 
    high-risk containers required under section 232 of the SAFE Port 
    Act (6 U.S.C. 982), the Secretary shall solicit proposals for 
    scanning technologies, consistent with the standards under 
    subsection (b)(8) of that section, to improve scanning of cargo at 
    domestic ports.
        (2) Evaluation.--In soliciting proposals under paragraph (1), 
    the Secretary shall establish measures to assess the performance of 
    the proposed scanning technologies, including--
            (A) the rate of false positives;
            (B) the delays in processing times; and
            (C) the impact on the supply chain.
    (b) Pilot Program.--
        (1) Establishment.--The Secretary may establish a pilot program 
    to determine the efficacy of a scanning technology referred to in 
    subsection (a).
        (2) Application process.--In carrying out the pilot program 
    under this subsection, the Secretary shall--
            (A) solicit applications from domestic ports;
            (B) select up to 4 domestic ports to participate in the 
        pilot program; and
            (C) select ports with unique features and differing levels 
        of trade volume.
        (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating a pilot 
    program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the 
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the pilot program, 
    including--
            (A) an evaluation of the scanning technologies proposed to 
        improve security at domestic ports and to meet the full-scale 
        implementation requirement;
            (B) the costs to implement a pilot program;
            (C) the benefits of the proposed scanning technologies;
            (D) the impact of the pilot program on the supply chain; 
        and
            (E) recommendations for implementation of advanced cargo 
        scanning technologies at domestic ports.
        (4) Sharing pilot program testing results.--The results of the 
    pilot testing of advanced cargo scanning technologies shall be 
    shared, as appropriate, with government agencies and private 
    stakeholders whose responsibilities encompass the secure transport 
    of cargo.
SEC. 1980. PIPELINE SECURITY STUDY.
    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study regarding the roles and responsibilities of the 
Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation 
with respect to pipeline security.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall examine--
        (1) whether the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding 
    executed on August 9, 2006, between the Department of Homeland 
    Security and the Department of Transportation adequately delineates 
    strategic and operational responsibilities for pipeline security, 
    including whether it is clear which department is responsible for--
            (A) protecting against intentional pipeline breaches and 
        cyber attacks;
            (B) responding to intentional pipeline breaches and cyber 
        attacks; and
            (C) planning to recover from the impact of intentional 
        pipeline breaches and cyber attacks;
        (2) whether the respective roles and responsibilities of each 
    department are adequately conveyed to relevant stakeholders and to 
    the public;
        (3) whether the processes and procedures for determining 
    whether a particular pipeline breach is a terrorist incident are 
    clear and effective;
        (4) whether, and if so how, pipeline sector stakeholders share 
    security-related information;
        (5) the guidance pipeline operators report use to address 
    security risks and the extent to which the TSA ensures its 
    guidelines reflect the current threat environment;
        (6) the extent to which the TSA has assessed security risks to 
    pipeline systems; and
        (7) the extent to which the TSA has assessed its effectiveness 
    in reducing pipeline security risks.
    (c) Report on Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a 
report containing the findings of the study under subsection (a).
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
report under subsection (c) is submitted, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall review and analyze the study and submit to the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on such review 
and analysis, including any recommendations for--
        (1) changes to the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding 
    referred to in subsection (b)(1); and
        (2) other improvements to pipeline security activities at the 
    Department.
SEC. 1981. FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT.
    (a) Emerging Issues.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator 
and in coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology 
of the Department of Homeland Security, shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a feasibility assessment of modifying the 
security of surface transportation assets by--
        (1) introducing next generation technologies to be integrated 
    into systems of surface transportation assets to detect explosives, 
    including through the deployment of mobile explosives detection 
    technologies to conduct risk-based passenger and property screening 
    at such systems;
        (2) providing surface transportation asset operators with 
    access to the Transportation Security Administration's Secure 
    Flight Program or a similar passenger vetting system maintained by 
    the Transportation Security Administration;
        (3) deploying a credential authentication technology or other 
    means of identification document inspection to high-risk surface 
    transportation assets to assist operators conducting passenger 
    vetting; and
        (4) deploying scalable, cost-effective technology solutions to 
    detect chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive 
    threats within high-risk surface transportation assets that are 
    capable of passive, continuous, and real-time sensing and detection 
    of, and alerting passengers and operating personnel to, the 
    presence of such a threat.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the assessment under 
subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in 
coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the 
Department of Homeland Security, shall address the technological, 
privacy, operational, passenger facilitation, and public acceptance 
considerations involved with each security measure contemplated in such 
assessment.
SEC. 1982. BEST PRACTICES TO SECURE AGAINST VEHICLE-BASED ATTACKS.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall disseminate best practices to public and 
private stakeholders regarding how to enhance transportation security 
against the threat of a vehicle-based terrorist attack.
SEC. 1983. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION STAKEHOLDER SURVEY.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall begin conducting a survey of 
public and private stakeholders responsible for securing surface 
transportation assets regarding resource challenges, including the 
availability of Federal funding, associated with securing such assets 
that provides an opportunity for respondents to set forth information 
on specific unmet needs.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 120 days after beginning the survey 
required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall report to the 
appropriate committees of Congress regarding the results of such survey 
and the Department of Homeland Security's efforts to address any 
identified security vulnerabilities.
SEC. 1984. NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY.
    The Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology and the head of each relevant 
Federal department or agency researching nuclear material detection 
systems or explosive detection systems, shall research, facilitate, 
and, to the extent practicable, deploy next generation technologies, 
including active neutron interrogation, to detect nuclear material and 
explosives in transportation systems and transportation facilities.

                  Subtitle H--Transportation Security

SEC. 1985. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY REVIEW.
    (a) GAO Review.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
    shall evaluate the degree to which the most recent National 
    Strategy for Transportation Security, as updated, under section 
    114(s) of title 49, United States Code, is reflected in relevant 
    Federal transportation security programs, budgets, research, 
    staffing levels, and related activities.
        (2) Considerations.--In conducting the evaluation under 
    paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall consider the degree to 
    which--
            (A) the strategy is sufficiently forward-looking to guide 
        future Federal efforts relating to transportation security;
            (B) Federal transportation security programs, budgets, 
        research, staffing levels, and related activities for fiscal 
        year 2019 and subsequent fiscal years would be guided by the 
        strategy; and
            (C) any annual progress reports submitted to Congress under 
        that section after the strategy is submitted would provide 
        information on the degree to which that strategy guides Federal 
        efforts relating to transportation security.
SEC. 1986. RISK SCENARIOS.
    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall annually develop, 
consistent with the transportation modal security plans required under 
section 114(s) of title 49, United States Code, risk-based priorities 
based on risk assessments conducted or received by the Secretary across 
all transportation modes that consider threats, vulnerabilities, and 
consequences.
    (b) Scenarios.--The Administrator shall ensure that the risk-based 
priorities identified under subsection (a) are informed by an analysis 
of terrorist attack scenarios for each transportation mode, including 
cyber-attack scenarios and intelligence and open source information 
about current and evolving threats.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date that annual 
risk-based priorities are developed under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report that includes the following:
        (1) Copies of the risk assessments for each transportation 
    mode.
        (2) A summary that ranks the risks within and across modes.
        (3) A description of the risk-based priorities for securing the 
    transportation sector that identifies and prioritizes the greatest 
    security needs of such transportation sector, both across and 
    within modes, in the order that such priorities should be 
    addressed.
        (4) Information on the underlying methodologies used to assess 
    risks across and within each transportation mode and the basis for 
    any assumptions regarding threats, vulnerabilities, and 
    consequences made in assessing and prioritizing risks within each 
    such mode and across modes.
    (d) Classification.--The information provided under subsection (c) 
may be submitted in a classified format or unclassified format, as the 
Administrator considers appropriate.
SEC. 1987. INTEGRATED AND UNIFIED OPERATIONS CENTERS.
    (a) Framework.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other 
appropriate offices or components of the Department, shall make 
available to public and private stakeholders a framework for 
establishing an integrated and unified operations center responsible 
for overseeing daily operations of a transportation facility that 
promotes coordination for responses to terrorism, serious incidents, 
and other purposes, as determined appropriate by the Administrator.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of 
Congress regarding the establishment and activities of integrated and 
unified operations centers at transportation facilities at which the 
TSA has a presence.
SEC. 1988. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT FORCE.
    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449, as amended by 
section 1943 of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``SEC. 44948. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OFFICE.
    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established within the 
Transportation Security Administration a National Deployment Office, to 
be headed by an individual with supervisory experience. Such individual 
shall be designated by the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.
    ``(b) Duties.--The individual designated as the head of the 
National Deployment Office shall be responsible for the following:
        ``(1) Maintaining a National Deployment Force within the 
    Transportation Security Administration, including transportation 
    security officers, supervisory transportation security officers and 
    lead transportation security officers, to provide the 
    Administration with rapid and efficient response capabilities and 
    augment the Department of Homeland Security's homeland security 
    operations to mitigate and reduce risk, including for the 
    following:
            ``(A) Airports temporarily requiring additional security 
        personnel due to an emergency, seasonal demands, hiring 
        shortfalls, severe weather conditions, passenger volume 
        mitigation, equipment support, or other reasons.
            ``(B) Special events requiring enhanced security including 
        National Special Security Events, as determined by the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security.
            ``(C) Response in the aftermath of any manmade disaster, 
        including any terrorist attack.
            ``(D) Other such situations, as determined by the 
        Administrator.
        ``(2) Educating transportation security officers regarding how 
    to participate in the Administration's National Deployment Force.
        ``(3) Recruiting officers to serve on the National Deployment 
    Force, in accordance with a staffing model to be developed by the 
    Administrator.
        ``(4) Approving 1-year appointments for officers to serve on 
    the National Deployment Force, with an option to extend upon 
    officer request and with the approval of the appropriate Federal 
    Security Director.
        ``(5) Training officers to serve on the National Deployment 
    Force.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter II of 
chapter 449, as amended by section 1943 of this Act, is further amended 
by adding after the item relating to section 44947 the following:

``44948. National Deployment Office.''.

    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 114(f), as amended by section 
1904 of this Act, is further amended--
        (1) in paragraph (14), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon 
    at the end;
        (2) by redesignating paragraph (15) as paragraph (16); and
        (3) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following:
        ``(15) establish and maintain a National Deployment Office as 
    required under section 44948 of this title; and''.
    (d) Career Development.--The Administrator may consider service in 
the National Deployment Force as a positive factor when evaluating 
applicants for promotion opportunities within the TSA.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report regarding 
activities of the National Deployment Office, including the National 
Deployment Force, established under section 44948 of title 49, United 
States Code. Each such report shall include information relating to the 
following:
        (1) When, where, why, how many, and for how long the National 
    Deployment Force was deployed throughout the 12-month period 
    covered by such report and the costs associated with such 
    deployment.
        (2) A description of collaboration between the National 
    Deployment Office and other components of the Department, other 
    Federal agencies, and State and local transportation security 
    stakeholders.
        (3) The size of the National Deployment Force, including 
    information on the staffing model of the National Deployment Force 
    and adherence to such model as established by the Administrator.
        (4) Information on recruitment, appointment, and training 
    activities, including processes utilized to attract, recruit, 
    appoint, and train officers to serve on the National Deployment 
    Force.
SEC. 1989. INFORMATION SHARING AND CYBERSECURITY.
    (a) Federal Security Directors.--Section 44933 is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(c) Information Sharing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall--
        ``(1) require each Federal Security Director of an airport to 
    meet at least quarterly with the airport director, airport security 
    coordinator, and law enforcement agencies serving each such airport 
    to discuss incident management protocols, including the resolution 
    of screening anomalies at passenger screening checkpoints; and
        ``(2) require each Federal Security Director at an airport to 
    inform, consult, and coordinate, as appropriate, with the 
    respective airport security coordinator in a timely manner on 
    security matters impacting airport operations and to establish and 
    maintain operational protocols with such airport operators to 
    ensure coordinated responses to security matters.''.
    (b) Plan to Improve Information Sharing.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a plan to 
    improve intelligence information sharing with State and local 
    transportation entities that includes best practices to ensure that 
    the information shared is actionable, useful, and not redundant.
        (2) Contents.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall 
    include the following:
            (A) The incorporation of best practices for information 
        sharing.
            (B) The identification of areas of overlap and redundancy.
            (C) An evaluation and incorporation of stakeholder input in 
        the development of such plan.
            (D) The integration of any recommendations of the 
        Comptroller General of the United States on information 
        sharing.
        (3) Solicitation.--The Administrator shall solicit on an annual 
    basis input from appropriate stakeholders, including State and 
    local transportation entities, on the quality and quantity of 
    intelligence received by such stakeholders relating to information 
    sharing.
    (c) Best Practices Sharing.--
        (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a 
    mechanism to share with State and local transportation entities 
    best practices from across the law enforcement spectrum, including 
    Federal, State, local, and tribal entities, that relate to employee 
    training, employee professional development, technology development 
    and deployment, hardening tactics, and passenger and employee 
    awareness programs.
        (2) Consultation.--The Administrator shall solicit and 
    incorporate stakeholder input--
            (A) in developing the mechanism for sharing best practices 
        as required under paragraph (1); and
            (B) not less frequently than annually on the quality and 
        quantity of information such stakeholders receive through the 
        mechanism established under such paragraph.
    (d) Cybersecurity.--
        (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with the 
    Secretary, shall--
            (A) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, implement the Framework for Improving Critical 
        Infrastructure Cybersecurity (referred to in this section as 
        the ``Framework'' developed by the National Institute of 
        Standards and Technology, and any update to such Framework 
        under section 2 of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272), to manage the agency's 
        cybersecurity risks; and
            (B) evaluate, on a periodic basis, but not less often than 
        biennially, the use of the Framework under subparagraph (A).
        (2) Cybersecurity enhancements to aviation security 
    activities.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
    Transportation, shall, upon request, conduct cybersecurity 
    vulnerability assessments for airports and air carriers.
        (3) TSA trusted traveler and credentialing program cyber 
    evaluation.--
            (A) Evaluation required.--Not later than 120 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                (i) evaluate the cybersecurity of TSA trusted traveler 
            and credentialing programs that contain personal 
            information of specific individuals or information that 
            identifies specific individuals, including the 
            Transportation Worker Identification Credential and 
            PreCheck programs;
                (ii) identify any cybersecurity risks under the 
            programs described in clause (i); and
                (iii) develop remediation plans to address the 
            cybersecurity risks identified under clause (ii).
            (B) Submission to congress.--Not later than 30 days after 
        the date the evaluation under subparagraph (A) is complete, the 
        Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress information relating to such evaluation, including any 
        cybersecurity vulnerabilities identified and remediation plans 
        to address such vulnerabilities. Such submission shall be 
        provided in a classified form.
        (4) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms ``cybersecurity 
    risk'' and ``incident'' have the meanings given the terms in 
    section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 148).
SEC. 1990. SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES TIED TO FOREIGN THREAT COUNTRIES.
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an 
assessment of terrorist and other threats to the transportation sector, 
including surface transportation assets, posed by the use of security 
technologies, including software and networked technologies, developed 
or manufactured by firms that are owned or closely linked to the 
governments of countries that are known to pose a cyber or homeland 
security threat.

          Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

SEC. 1991. TITLE 49 AMENDMENTS.
    (a) Deletion of Duties Related to Aviation Security.--Section 
106(g) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Duties and Powers of Administrator.--The Administrator shall 
carry out the following:
        ``(1) Duties and powers of the Secretary of Transportation 
    under subsection (f) of this section related to aviation safety 
    (except those related to transportation, packaging, marking, or 
    description of hazardous material) and stated in the following:
            ``(A) Section 308(b).
            ``(B) Subsections (c) and (d) of section 1132.
            ``(C) Sections 40101(c), 40103(b), 40106(a), 40108, 
        40109(b), 40113(a), 40113(c), 40113(d), 40113(e), and 40114(a).
            ``(D) Chapter 445, except sections 44501(b), 44502(a)(2), 
        44502(a)(3), 44502(a)(4), 44503, 44506, 44509, 44510, 44514, 
        and 44515.
            ``(E) Chapter 447, except sections 44717, 44718(a), 
        44718(b), 44719, 44720, 44721(b), 44722, and 44723.
            ``(F) Chapter 451.
            ``(G) Chapter 453.
            ``(H) Section 46104.
            ``(I) Subsections (d) and (h)(2) of section 46301 and 
        sections 46303(c), 46304 through 46308, 46310, 46311, and 46313 
        through 46316.
            ``(J) Chapter 465.
            ``(K) Sections 47504(b) (related to flight procedures), 
        47508(a), and 48107.
        ``(2) Additional duties and powers prescribed by the Secretary 
    of Transportation.''.
    (b) Transportation Security Oversight Board.--Section 115 is 
amended--
        (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
    Transportation for security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
    Transportation Security Administration''; and
        (2) in subsection (c)(6), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
    inserting ``Administrator''.
    (c) Chapter 401 Amendments.--Chapter 401 is amended--
        (1) in section 40109--
            (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``, 40119, 44901, 44903, 
        44906, and 44935-44937''; and
            (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``sections 44909 and'' 
        and inserting ``sections 44909(a), 44909(b), and'';
        (2) in section 40113--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``the Under Secretary of Transportation 
            for Security with respect to security duties and powers 
            designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or'' 
            and inserting ``the Administrator of the Transportation 
            Security Administration with respect to security duties and 
            powers designated to be carried out by that Administrator 
            or'';
                (ii) by striking ``carried out by the Administrator'' 
            and inserting ``carried out by that Administrator''; and
                (iii) by striking ``, Under Secretary, or 
            Administrator,'' and inserting ``, Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration, or Administrator of 
            the Federal Aviation Administration,''; and
            (B) in subsection (d)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security or the'';
                (ii) by striking ``Transportation Security 
            Administration or Federal Aviation Administration, as the 
            case may be,'' and inserting ``Federal Aviation 
            Administration''; and
                (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary or Administrator, 
            as the case may be,'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (3) by striking section 40119; and
        (4) in the table of contents, by striking the item relating to 
    section 40119 and inserting the following:

``40119. [Reserved].''.

    (d) Chapter 449 Amendments.--Chapter 449 is amended--
        (1) in section 44901--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``, United States Code'';
            (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``but not later than the 
        60th day following the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
        Transportation Security Act'';
            (C) in subsection (d)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``no later 
                than December 31, 2002'';

                (ii) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                (iii) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (2); 
            and
                (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary (Transportation Security Administration)'' 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (III) in subparagraph (D)--

                        (aa) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                    first place it appears and inserting 
                    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                    Administration''; and
                        (bb) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                    second place it appears and inserting 
                    ``Administrator'';
            (D) in subsection (e)--
                (i) in that matter preceding paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking ``but not later than the 60th day 
                following the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                Transportation Security Act''; and
                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (E) in subsection (f), by striking ``after the date of 
        enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act'';
            (F) in subsection (g)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 3 
            years after the date of enactment of the Implementing 
            Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, the'' 
            and inserting ``The'';
                (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``as follows:'' and 
            all that follows and inserting a period;
                (iii) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
        ``(3) Regulations.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
    issue a final rule as a permanent regulation to implement this 
    subsection in accordance with the provisions of chapter 5 of title 
    5.'';
                (iv) by striking paragraph (4); and
                (v) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4);
            (G) in subsection (h)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
            Security Administration''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place 
                it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator'';

            (H) in subsection (i)--
                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
            ``Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (I) in subsection (j)(1)--
                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
            striking ``Before January 1, 2008, the'' and inserting 
            ``The''; and
                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the date of 
            enactment of this subsection'' and inserting ``August 3, 
            2007'';
            (J) in subsection (k)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than one 
            year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the'' 
            and inserting ``The'';
                (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Not later than 6 
            months after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
            the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                (iii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Not later than 
            180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
            the'' in paragraph (3) and inserting ``The''; and
            (K) in subsection (l)--
                (i) in paragraph (2)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Beginning June 1, 2012, the Assistant 
                Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
                Administration)'' and inserting ``The Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator'';

                (ii) in paragraph (3)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--

                        (aa) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                    first place it appears and inserting 
                    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                    Administration''; and
                        (bb) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                    second place it appears and inserting 
                    ``Administrator''; and

                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and

                (iii) in paragraph (4)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--

                        (aa) by striking ``60 days after the deadline 
                    specified in paragraph (2), and not later than'';
                        (bb) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                    first place it appears and inserting 
                    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                    Administration''; and
                        (cc) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                    second place it appears and inserting 
                    ``Administrator''; and

                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';

        (2) section 44902 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (3) section 44903 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in the heading, by striking ``Definition'' and 
            inserting ``Definitions'';
                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as 
            subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively;
                (iii) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, by striking 
            ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
            inserting ``Administrator'';
                (iv) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), as 
            redesignated, by striking ``In this section, `law 
            enforcement personnel' means individuals--'' and inserting 
            ``In this section:'';
                (v) by inserting before subparagraph (A), the 
            following:
        ``(2) Law enforcement personnel.--The term `law enforcement 
    personnel' means individuals--''; and
                (vi) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
            redesignated, the following:
        ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
    Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
            (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``Secretary of 
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (C) in subsection (g), by striking ``Under Secretary's'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (D) in subsection (h)--
                (i) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Secretary'' and 
            inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
                (ii) in paragraph (4)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``, as soon as 
                practicable after the date of enactment of this 
                subsection,'';
                    (II) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``section 
                44903(c)'' and inserting ``subsection (c)''; and
                    (III) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``, not 
                later than March 31, 2005,'';

                (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``Assistant 
            Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
            Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (iv) in paragraph (6)(A)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
                of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
                Commission Act of 2007, the'' and inserting ``The''; 
                and
                    (II) in clause (i), by striking ``section'' and 
                inserting ``paragraph''; and

                (v) in paragraph (6)(C), by striking ``Secretary'' and 
            inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
            (E) in subsection (i)(3), by striking ``, after the date of 
        enactment of this paragraph,'';
            (F) in subsection (j)--
                (i) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall periodically 
    recommend to airport operators commercially available measures or 
    procedures to prevent access to secure airport areas by 
    unauthorized persons.'';
                (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                    (I) in the heading, by striking ``Computer-assisted 
                passenger prescreening system'' and inserting ``Secure 
                flight program'';
                    (II) in subparagraph (A)--

                        (aa) by striking ``Computer-Assisted Passenger 
                    Prescreening System'' and inserting ``Secure Flight 
                    program'';
                        (bb) by striking ``Secretary of 
                    Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator''; 
                    and
                        (cc) by striking ``system'' each place it 
                    appears and inserting ``program'';

                    (III) in subparagraph (B)--

                        (aa) by striking ``Computer-Assisted Passenger 
                    Prescreening System'' and inserting ``Secure Flight 
                    program'';
                        (bb) by striking ``Secretary of 
                    Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator''; 
                    and
                        (cc) by striking ``Secretary'' and inserting 
                    ``Administrator'';

                    (IV) in subparagraph (C)--

                        (aa) in clause (i), by striking ``Not later 
                    than January 1, 2005, the Assistant Secretary of 
                    Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
                    Administration), or the designee of the Assistant 
                    Secretary,'' and inserting ``The Administrator'';
                        (bb) in clause (ii), by striking ``Not later 
                    than 180 days after completion of testing under 
                    clause (i), the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                        (cc) in clause (iv), by striking ``Not later 
                    than 180 days after'' and inserting ``After'';

                    (V) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
                Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (VI) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking ``Not 
                later than 90 days after the date on which the 
                Assistant Secretary assumes the performance of the 
                advanced passenger prescreening function under 
                subparagraph (C)(ii), the'' and inserting ``The 
                Administrator''; and
                    (VII) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each 
                place it appears and inserting ``Administrator'';

            (G) in subsection (l), by striking ``Under Secretary for 
        Border and Transportation Security of the Department of 
        Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (H) in subsection (m)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary 
            of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
            Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it 
            appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (4) section 44904 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (c)--
                (i) by striking ``section 114(t)(3)'' and inserting 
            ``section 114(s)(3)''; and
                (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)'' and inserting 
            ``section 114(s)'';
            (C) in subsection (d)--
                (i) by striking ``Not later than 90 days after the date 
            of the submission of the National Strategy for 
            Transportation Security under section 114(t)(4)(A), the 
            Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation 
            Security Administration)'' and inserting ``The 
            Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)(1)'' and inserting 
            ``section 114(s)(1)''; and
            (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (5) section 44905 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' and 
            inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Secretary.'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator.'';
            (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (C) in subsections (c), (d), and (f), by striking ``Under 
        Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator 
        of the Transportation Security Administration'';
        (6) section 44906 is amended--
            (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration''; and
            (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (7) section 44908 is amended--
            (A) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``safety or''; and
            (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``The Administrator'';
        (8) section 44909 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later than 
        March 16, 1991, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
            (B) in subsection (c)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 60 
            days after the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
            Transportation Security Act, each'' and inserting ``Each'';
                (ii) in paragraphs (2)(F) and (5), by striking ``Under 
            Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (iii) in paragraph (6)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not later 
                than 60 days after date of enactment of this paragraph, 
                the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                    (II) in subparagraph (B)(ii)--

                        (aa) by striking ``the Secretary will'' and 
                    inserting ``the Secretary of Homeland Security 
                    will''; and
                        (bb) by striking ``the Secretary to'' and 
                    inserting ``the Secretary of Homeland Security 
                    to'';
        (9) section 44911 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``request of the 
        Secretary'' and inserting ``request of the Secretary of 
        Homeland Security''; and
            (C) in subsection (e)--
                (i) by striking ``Secretary, and the Under Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security, and the 
            Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``intelligence community and the Under 
            Secretary'' and inserting ``intelligence community and the 
            Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration'';
        (10) section 44912 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (II) by striking ``, not later than November 16, 
                1993,''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ``Research, 
            Engineering and Development Advisory Committee'' and 
            inserting ``Administrator'';
            (B) in subsection (c)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``, as a subcommittee 
            of the Research, Engineering, and Development Advisory 
            Committee,''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not later than 90 
            days after the date of the enactment of the Aviation and 
            Transportation Security Act, and every two years 
            thereafter,'' and inserting ``Biennially,'';
            (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Security and Research and Development Activities.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct research 
    (including behavioral research) and development activities 
    appropriate to develop, modify, test, and evaluate a system, 
    procedure, facility, or device to protect passengers and property 
    against acts of criminal violence, aircraft piracy, and terrorism 
    and to ensure security.
        ``(2) Disclosure.--
            ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552 of title 5, 
        the Administrator shall prescribe regulations prohibiting 
        disclosure of information obtained or developed in ensuring 
        security under this title if the Secretary of Homeland Security 
        decides disclosing the information would--
                ``(i) be an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
                ``(ii) reveal a trade secret or privileged or 
            confidential commercial or financial information; or
                ``(iii) be detrimental to transportation safety.
            ``(B) Information to congress.--Subparagraph (A) does not 
        authorize information to be withheld from a committee of 
        Congress authorized to have the information.
            ``(C) Rule of construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (A) 
        shall be construed to authorize the designation of information 
        as sensitive security information (as defined in section 15.5 
        of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations)--
                ``(i) to conceal a violation of law, inefficiency, or 
            administrative error;
                ``(ii) to prevent embarrassment to a person, 
            organization, or agency;
                ``(iii) to restrain competition; or
                ``(iv) to prevent or delay the release of information 
            that does not require protection in the interest of 
            transportation security, including basic scientific 
            research information not clearly related to transportation 
            security.
            ``(D) Privacy act.--Section 552a of title 5 shall not apply 
        to disclosures that the Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration may make from the systems of records of 
        the Transportation Security Administration to any Federal law 
        enforcement, intelligence, protective service, immigration, or 
        national security official in order to assist the official 
        receiving the information in the performance of official 
        duties.
        ``(3) Transfers of duties and powers prohibited.--Except as 
    otherwise provided by law, the Administrator may not transfer a 
    duty or power under this section to another department, agency, or 
    instrumentality of the United States Government.
    ``(e) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
        (11) section 44913 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator 
            of the Transportation Security Administration (referred to 
            in this section as `the Administrator')'';
                (ii) by striking paragraph (2);
                (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
            paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
            appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Secretary of 
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (12) section 44914 is amended--
            (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration'';
            (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (C) by inserting ``the Department of Transportation,'' 
        before ``air carriers, airport authorities, and others'';
        (13) section 44915 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary of 
    Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
    Transportation Security Administration'';
        (14) section 44916 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place it 
            appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
            Security Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the second place 
            it appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
        (15) section 44917 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
            ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
            inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``by the Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``by the Administrator'';
            (B) in subsection (d)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary 
            for Immigration and Customs Enforcement of the Department 
            of Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Assistant 
            Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
            ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration'';
        (16) section 44918 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking ``Under Secretary 
            for Border and Transportation Security of the Department of 
            Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration'';
                (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not later than one 
            year after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--Century 
            of Aviation Reauthorization Act, the'' and inserting 
            ``The''; and
                (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``the date of 
            enactment of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
            Reauthorization Act'' and inserting ``December 12, 2003,'';
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than one 
            year after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--Century 
            of Aviation Reauthorization Act, the'' and inserting 
            ``The''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Federal Air 
            Marshals Service'' and inserting ``Federal Air Marshal 
            Service''; and
            (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (17) section 44920 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``subsection (a) or 
        section 44919'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
        (18) section 44922 is amended--
            (A) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and 
        inserting ``Deputization'';
            (B) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and 
            inserting ``Deputization''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
            for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration'';
            (C) in subsection (e), by striking ``deputation'' and 
        inserting ``deputization''; and
            (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (19) section 44923 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary for 
        Border and Transportation Security of the Department of 
        Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
            (C) in subsection (e)--
                (i) by striking paragraph (2); and
                (ii) by striking ``(1) In general.--''; and
            (D) by striking subsection (j);
        (20) section 44924 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary for Border and 
            Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland 
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Administrator under'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
            under'';
            (B) in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f), by striking 
        ``Administrator'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration'';
            (C) in subsection (f), by striking ``Not later than 240 
        days after the date of enactment of this section, the'' and 
        inserting ``The''; and
            (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (21) section 44925 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``Not later than 90 
        days after the date of enactment of this section, the Assistant 
        Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
        Administration)'' and inserting ``The Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (3); and
            (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration'';
        (22) section 44926(b)(3) is amended by striking ``an 
    misidentified passenger'' and inserting ``a misidentified 
    passenger'';
        (23) section 44927 is amended--
            (A) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``Veteran Affairs'' and 
        inserting ``Veterans Affairs''; and
            (C) in subsection (f)--
                (i) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and 
            inserting ``Reports''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date 
            of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter,'' 
            and inserting ``Each year,'';
        (24) section 44933 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration'';
                (ii) by striking ``Federal Security Manager'' and 
            inserting ``Federal Security Director''; and
                (iii) by striking ``Managers'' each place it appears 
            and inserting ``Federal Security Directors'';
            (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Manager'' and 
        inserting ``Federal Security Director''; and
            (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (25) section 44934 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration'';
                (ii) by striking ``airports. In coordination with the 
            Secretary'' and inserting ``airports. In coordination with 
            the Secretary of State'';
                (iii) by striking ``The Secretary shall give high 
            priority'' and inserting ``The Secretary of State shall 
            give high priority''; and
                (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
            appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
            ``Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``the Secretary and the 
        chief'' and inserting ``the Secretary of State and the chief'';
        (26) section 44935 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (B) in subsection (e)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (2)(A)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding clause (i)--

                        (aa) by striking ``Within 30 days after the 
                    date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                    Transportation Security Act, the'' and inserting 
                    ``The''; and
                        (bb) by inserting ``other'' before ``provision 
                    of law''; and

                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking ``section 
                1102(a)(22)'' and inserting ``section 101(a)(22)'';

            (C) in subsection (f)(1), by inserting ``other'' before 
        ``provision of law'';
            (D) in subsection (g)(2), by striking ``Within 60 days 
        after the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation 
        Security Act, the'' and inserting ``The'';
            (E) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (F) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
        (27) section 44936 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security'' each place it appears and inserting 
            ``Administrator'';
                (ii) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``,,'' and 
                inserting a comma; and
                    (II) by striking subparagraph (C); and

                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph 
            (C);
            (B) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary's'' 
        and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
        (28) section 44937 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary of 
    Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
    Transportation Security Administration'';
        (29) section 44938 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' and 
            inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
            (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (30) section 44939(d) is amended by striking ``Not later than 
    60 days after the date of enactment of this section, the 
    Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary of Homeland Security'';
        (31) section 44940 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (II) by striking the last two sentences; and

                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Determination of costs.--
            ``(A) In general.--The amount of the costs under paragraph 
        (1) shall be determined by the Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration and shall not be subject 
        to judicial review.
            ``(B) Definition of federal law enforcement personnel.--For 
        purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term `Federal law enforcement 
        personnel' includes State and local law enforcement officers 
        who are deputized under section 44922.'';
            (B) in subsections (b), (d), (e), (g), and (h), by striking 
        ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
            (C) in subsection (d)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking ``within 60 days of the date of 
                enactment of this Act, or''; and
                    (II) by striking ``thereafter''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection (d)'' 
            each place it appears and inserting ``paragraph (1) of this 
            subsection'';
            (D) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``Fees payable to 
        under secretary'' in the heading and inserting ``Fees payable 
        to administrator''; and
            (E) in subsection (i)(4)--
                (i) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (D); and
                (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (L) as 
            subparagraphs (A) through (H), respectively;
        (32) section 44941(a) is amended by inserting ``the Department 
    of Homeland Security,'' after ``Department of Transportation,'';
        (33) section 44942 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Within 180 days after the date of enactment 
                of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the 
                Under Secretary for Transportation Security may, in 
                consultation with'' and inserting ``The Administrator 
                of the Transportation Security Administration may, in 
                consultation with other relevant Federal agencies 
                and''; and
                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``, and'' and 
                inserting ``; and''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting a comma after 
            ``Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) by striking ``(1) Performance plan and report.--'';
                (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
            paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;
                (iii) in paragraph (1), as redesignated--

                    (I) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                    (II) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated, by 
                striking ``the Secretary and the Under Secretary for 
                Transportation Security shall agree'' and inserting 
                ``the Secretary of Homeland Security and the 
                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration shall agree''; and
                    (III) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, by 
                striking ``the Secretary, the Under Secretary for 
                Transportation Security'' and inserting ``the Secretary 
                of Homeland Security, the Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration,''; and

                (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated, by striking 
            ``Under Secretary for Transportation Security'' and 
            inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration'';
        (34) section 44943 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary for 
        Transportation Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) in paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking ``Secretary and Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Secretary 
                of Homeland Security and Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place 
                it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary shall'' each 
                place it appears and inserting ``Administrator shall''; 
                and

            (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``Aviation Security Act, 
        the Under Secretary for Transportation Security'' and inserting 
        ``Aviation and Transportation Security Act (Public Law 107-71; 
        115 Stat. 597), the Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration'';
        (35) section 44944 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
            Transportation for Transportation Security'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration''; and
                (ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``the Administrator 
            of the Federal Aviation Administration,'' after ``consult 
            with''; and
            (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (36) section 44945(b) is amended by striking ``Assistant 
    Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of 
    the Transportation Security Administration''; and
        (37) section 44946 is amended--
            (A) in subsection (g)--
                (i) by striking paragraph (2);
                (ii) by redesignating paragraph (1) as paragraph (2); 
            and
                (iii) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
            redesignated, the following:
        ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
    Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
            (B) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (C) in subsection (b)(4)--
                (i) by striking ``the Secretary receives'' and 
            inserting ``the Administrator receives''; and
                (ii) by striking ``the Secretary shall'' and inserting 
            ``the Administrator shall''; and
            (D) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``Not later than 
        180 days after the date of enactment of the Aviation Security 
        Stakeholder Participation Act of 2014, the'' and inserting 
        ``The''.
    (e) Chapter 451 Amendments.--Section 45107 is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
    Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
    Transportation Security Administration''; and
        (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence.
    (f) Chapter 461 Amendments.--Chapter 461 is amended--
        (1) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a), 46103(a), 
    46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking 
    ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect to 
    security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
    Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
    Transportation Security Administration with respect to security 
    duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator 
    of the Transportation Security Administration'';
        (2) in each of sections 46101, 46102(c), 46103, 46104, 46105, 
    46107, and 46110 by striking ``or Administrator'' each place it 
    appears and inserting ``or Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration'';
        (3) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a) 46103(a), 
    46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking ``by 
    the Administrator)'' and inserting ``by the Administrator of the 
    Federal Aviation Administration)'';
        (4) in each of sections 46101, 46102, 46103, 46104, 46105, 
    46107, and 46110 by striking ``Under Secretary,'' each place it 
    appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
    Security Administration,'';
        (5) in section 46102--
            (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``the Administrator'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``and Administrator'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``and Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration''; and
            (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``the Administrator, or 
        an officer or employee of the Administration'' in subsection 
        (d) and inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, or an officer or employee of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration'';
        (6) in section 46104--
            (A) by striking ``subpena'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``subpoena''; and
            (B) in subsection (b)--
                (i) in the heading, by striking ``Subpenas'' and 
            inserting ``Subpoenas''; and
                (ii) by striking ``the Administrator, or'' and 
            inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
            Administration, or'';
        (7) in section 46105(c), by striking ``When the Administrator'' 
    and inserting ``When the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
    Administration'';
        (8) in section 46109, by inserting ``(or the Administrator of 
    the Transportation Security Administration with respect to security 
    duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator 
    of the Transportation Security Administration or the Administrator 
    of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation 
    safety duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
    Administrator)'' after ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
        (9) in section 46111--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) by inserting ``the'' before ``Federal Aviation 
            Administration'';
                (ii) by striking ``Administrator is'' and inserting 
            ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
            is''; and
                (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary for Border and 
            Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland 
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration'';
            (B) in subsections (b), (c), (e), and (g), by striking 
        ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (C) in subsection (g)(2)(A), by striking ``(18 U.S.C. 
        App.)'' and inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''; and
            (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration''.
    (g) Chapter 463 Amendments.--Chapter 463 is amended--
        (1) in section 46301--
            (A) in subsection (a)(5)--
                (i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``or chapter 
            451'' and inserting ``chapter 451''; and
                (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of 
            Transportation'' after ``Secretary'';
            (B) in subsection (d)--
                (i) in paragraph (2)--

                    (I) by striking ``defined by the Secretary'' and 
                inserting ``defined by the Secretary of 
                Transportation''; and
                    (II) by striking ``Administrator shall'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration shall'';

                (ii) in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8), by 
            striking ``Administrator'' each place it appears and 
            inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
            Administration''; and
                (iii) in paragraph (8), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
            Security Administration'';
            (C) in subsection (e), by inserting ``of Transportation'' 
        after ``Secretary'';
            (D) in subsection (g), by striking ``Administrator'' and 
        inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration''; and
            (E) in subsection (h)(2)--
                (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
            Security with respect to security duties and powers 
            designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and 
            inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
            Administration with respect to security duties and powers 
            designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the 
            Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (ii) by striking ``or the Administrator with respect to 
            aviation safety duties and powers designated to be carried 
            out by the Administrator'' and inserting ``or the 
            Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration with 
            respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to 
            be carried out by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
            Administration'';
        (2) in section 46304(b), by striking ``or the Administrator of 
    the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety 
    duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
    Administrator'' and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal 
    Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and 
    powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the 
    Federal Aviation Administration'';
        (3) in section 46311--
            (A) in subsection (a)--
                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--

                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security with respect to security duties and powers 
                designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration with respect to security duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
                    (II) by striking ``the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety 
                duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                Administrator'' and inserting ``or the Administrator of 
                the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to 
                aviation safety duties and powers designated to be 
                carried out by the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration'';
                    (III) by striking ``Administrator shall'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration shall''; and
                    (IV) by striking ``Administrator,'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration,''; and

                (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Administrator'' 
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
            Administration'';
            (B) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking 
        ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration''; and
            (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
        (4) in section 46313--
            (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
        Security with respect to security duties and powers designated 
        to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
        with respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
        carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration'';
            (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
        and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator'' 
        and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and 
        powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration''; and
            (C) by striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''; and
        (5) in section 46316(a)--
            (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
        Security with respect to security duties and powers designated 
        to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
        with respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
        carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration''; and
            (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
        and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator'' 
        and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and 
        powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration''.
    (h) Chapter 465 Amendments.--Chapter 465 is amended--
        (1) in section 46505(d)(2), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
    Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
    Transportation Security Administration''; and
        (2) in the table of contents for chapter 465 of subtitle VII, 
    by striking the following:

``46503. Repealed.''.

    (i) Chapter 483 Repeal.--
        (1) In general.--Chapter 483 is repealed.
        (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for subtitle 
    VII is amended by striking the following:

``483. Aviation security funding................................48301''.

    (j) Authority To Exempt.--
        (1) In general.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by 
    inserting before section 44933 the following:
``Sec. 44931. Authority to exempt
    ``The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant an exemption from a 
regulation prescribed in carrying out sections 44901, 44903, 44906, 
44909(c), and 44935-44937 of this title when the Secretary decides the 
exemption is in the public interest.
``Sec. 44932. Administrative
    ``(a) General Authority.--The Secretary of Homeland Security or the 
Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may take 
action the Secretary or the Administrator considers necessary to carry 
out this chapter and chapters 461, 463, and 465 of this title, 
including conducting investigations, prescribing regulations, 
standards, and procedures, and issuing orders.
    ``(b) Indemnification.--The Administrator of the Transportation 
Security Administration may indemnify an officer or employee of the 
Transportation Security Administration against a claim or judgment 
arising out of an act that the Administrator decides was committed 
within the scope of the official duties of the officer or employee.''.
        (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is 
    amended by inserting before the item relating to section 44933 the 
    following:

``44931. Authority to exempt.
``44932. Administrative.''.
SEC. 1992. TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 449.
    The table of contents of chapter 449 is amended--
        (1) in the item relating to section 44922, by striking 
    ``Deputation'' and inserting ``Deputization''; and
        (2) by inserting after section 44941 the following:

``44942. Performance goals and objectives.
``44943. Performance management system.''.
SEC. 1993. OTHER LAWS; INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT 
OF 2004.
    Section 4016(c) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention 
Act of 2004 (49 U.S.C. 44917 note) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for 
    Immigration and Customs Enforcement'' and inserting ``Administrator 
    of the Transportation Security Administration''; and
        (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for 
    Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Director of Federal Air 
    Marshal Service of the Department of Homeland Security, in 
    coordination with the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
    (Transportation Security Administration),'' and inserting 
    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration and 
    the Director of Federal Air Marshal Service of the Department of 
    Homeland Security''.
SEC. 1994. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.
    References relating to the Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security in statutes, Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, 
or delegations of authority that precede the effective date of this Act 
shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the Administrator of the 
Transportation Security Administration.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.