    [Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
    [H.R. 302 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

            H.R.302

                         One Hundred Fifteenth Congress

                                     of the

                            United States of America

                              AT THE SECOND SESSION

             Begun and held at the City of Washington on Wednesday,
               the third day of January, two thousand and eighteen

                                     An Act

      To provide protections for certain sports medicine professionals, to
       reauthorize Federal aviation programs, to improve aircraft safety
                certification processes, and for other purposes.

        Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,
    SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
        (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``FAA
    Reauthorization Act of 2018''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
    follows:

    Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

                      DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

    Sec. 11. Short title.
    Sec. 12. Protections for covered sports medicine professionals.

                   DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

    Sec. 101. Definition of appropriate committees of Congress.

                             TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS

                       Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

    Sec. 111. Airport planning and development and noise compatibility
              planning and programs.
    Sec. 112. Facilities and equipment.
    Sec. 113. FAA operations.
    Sec. 114. Weather reporting programs.
    Sec. 115. Adjustment to AIP program funding.
    Sec. 116. Funding for aviation programs.
    Sec. 117. Extension of expiring authorities.

                     Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

    Sec. 121. Passenger facility charge modernization.
    Sec. 122. Future aviation infrastructure and financing study.
    Sec. 123. Intermodal access projects.

              Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

    Sec. 131. Grant assurances.
    Sec. 132. Mothers' rooms.
    Sec. 133. Contract Tower Program.
    Sec. 134. Government share of project costs.
    Sec. 135. Updated veterans' preference.
    Sec. 136. Use of State highway specifications.
    Sec. 137. Former military airports.
    Sec. 138. Eligibility of CCTV projects for airport improvement program.
    Sec. 139. State block grant program expansion.
    Sec. 140. Non-movement area surveillance pilot program.
    Sec. 141. Property conveyance releases.
    Sec. 142. Study regarding technology usage at airports.
    Sec. 143. Study on airport revenue diversion.
    Sec. 144. GAO study on the effect of granting an exclusive right of
              aeronautical services to an airport sponsor.
    Sec. 145. Sense of Congress on smart airports.
    Sec. 146. Critical airfield markings.
    Sec. 147. General facilities authority.
    Sec. 148. Recycling plans; uncategorized small airports.
    Sec. 149. Evaluation of airport master plans.
    Sec. 150. Definition of small business concern.
    Sec. 151. Small airport regulation relief.
    Sec. 152. Construction of certain control towers.
    Sec. 153. Nondiscrimination.
    Sec. 154. Definition of airport development.
    Sec. 155. General aviation airport expired funds.
    Sec. 156. Priority review of construction projects in cold weather
              States.
    Sec. 157. Minority and disadvantaged business participation.
    Sec. 158. Supplemental discretionary funds.
    Sec. 159. State taxation.
    Sec. 160. Airport investment partnership program.
    Sec. 161. Remote tower pilot program for rural and small communities.
    Sec. 162. Airport access roads in remote locations.
    Sec. 163. Limited regulation of non-federally sponsored property.
    Sec. 164. Seasonal airports.
    Sec. 165. Amendments to definitions.
    Sec. 166. Pilot program sunsets.
    Sec. 167. Buy America requirements.

            Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

    Sec. 171. Funding eligibility for airport energy efficiency assessments.
    Sec. 172. Authorization of certain flights by stage 2 aircraft.
    Sec. 173. Alternative airplane noise metric evaluation deadline.
    Sec. 174. Updating airport noise exposure maps.
    Sec. 175. Addressing community noise concerns.
    Sec. 176. Community involvement in FAA NextGen projects located in
              metroplexes.
    Sec. 177. Lead emissions.
    Sec. 178. Terminal sequencing and spacing.
    Sec. 179. Airport noise mitigation and safety study.
    Sec. 180. Regional ombudsmen.
    Sec. 181. FAA leadership on civil supersonic aircraft.
    Sec. 182. Mandatory use of the New York North Shore Helicopter Route.
    Sec. 183. State standards for airport pavements.
    Sec. 184. Eligibility of pilot program airports.
    Sec. 185. Grandfathering of certain deed agreements granting through-
              the-fence access to general aviation airports.
    Sec. 186. Stage 3 aircraft study.
    Sec. 187. Aircraft noise exposure.
    Sec. 188. Study regarding day-night average sound levels.
    Sec. 189. Study on potential health and economic impacts of overflight
              noise.
    Sec. 190. Environmental mitigation pilot program.
    Sec. 191. Extending aviation development streamlining.
    Sec. 192. Zero-emission vehicles and technology.

                    TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    Sec. 201. Definitions.
    Sec. 202. Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee.

                    Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

    Sec. 211. Aircraft certification performance objectives and metrics.
    Sec. 212. Organization designation authorizations.
    Sec. 213. ODA review.
    Sec. 214. Type certification resolution process.
    Sec. 215. Review of certification process for small general aviation
              airplanes.
    Sec. 216. ODA staffing and oversight.

                       Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

    Sec. 221. Flight standards performance objectives and metrics.
    Sec. 222. FAA task force on flight standards reform.
    Sec. 223. Centralized safety guidance database.
    Sec. 224. Regulatory Consistency Communications Board.

                          Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

    Sec. 231. Safety workforce training strategy.
    Sec. 232. Workforce review.

                       Subtitle E--International Aviation

    Sec. 241. Promotion of United States aerospace standards, products, and
              services abroad.
    Sec. 242. Bilateral exchanges of safety oversight responsibilities.
    Sec. 243. FAA leadership abroad.
    Sec. 244. Registration, certification, and related fees.

                                TITLE III--SAFETY

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    Sec. 301. Definitions.
    Sec. 302. FAA technical training.
    Sec. 303. Safety critical staffing.
    Sec. 304. International efforts regarding tracking of civil aircraft.
    Sec. 305. Aircraft data access and retrieval systems.
    Sec. 306. Advanced cockpit displays.
    Sec. 307. Emergency medical equipment on passenger aircraft.
    Sec. 308. FAA and NTSB review of general aviation safety.
    Sec. 309. Call to action airline engine safety review.
    Sec. 310. Sense of Congress on access to air carrier flight decks.
    Sec. 311. Part 135 accident and incident data.
    Sec. 312. Sense of Congress; pilot in command authority.
    Sec. 313. Report on conspicuity needs for surface vehicles operating on
              the airside of air carrier served airports.
    Sec. 314. Helicopter air ambulance operations data and reports.
    Sec. 315. Aviation rulemaking committee for part 135 pilot rest and duty
              rules.
    Sec. 316. Report on obsolete test equipment.
    Sec. 317. Helicopter fuel system safety.
    Sec. 318. Applicability of medical certification standards to operators
              of air balloons.
    Sec. 319. Designated pilot examiner reforms.
    Sec. 320. Voluntary reports of operational or maintenance issues related
              to aviation safety.
    Sec. 321. Evaluation regarding additional ground based transmitters.
    Sec. 322. Improved safety in rural areas.
    Sec. 323. Exit rows.
    Sec. 324. Comptroller General report on FAA enforcement policy.
    Sec. 325. Annual safety incident report.
    Sec. 326. Aircraft air quality.
    Sec. 327. Approach control radar.
    Sec. 328. Report on airline and passenger safety.
    Sec. 329. Performance-based standards.
    Sec. 330. Report and recommendations on certain aviation safety risks.
    Sec. 331. Review of FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and
              Sharing System.
    Sec. 332. Airport rescue and firefighting.
    Sec. 333. Safe air transportation of lithium cells and batteries.
    Sec. 334. Runway safety.
    Sec. 335. Flight attendant duty period limitations and rest
              requirements.
    Sec. 336. Secondary cockpit barriers.
    Sec. 337. Aircraft cabin evacuation procedures.
    Sec. 338. Sense of Congress.
    Sec. 339. Civil penalties for interference.
    Sec. 339A. National in-flight sexual misconduct task force.
    Sec. 339B. Reporting process for sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.

                      Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

    Sec. 341. Definitions; Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems
              into national airspace system.
    Sec. 342. Update of FAA comprehensive plan.
    Sec. 343. Unmanned aircraft test ranges.
    Sec. 344. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.
    Sec. 345. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.
    Sec. 346. Public unmanned aircraft systems.
    Sec. 347. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.
    Sec. 348. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for
              compensation or hire.
    Sec. 349. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned
              aircraft.
    Sec. 350. Use of unmanned aircraft systems at institutions of higher
              education.
    Sec. 351. Unmanned aircraft systems integration pilot program.
    Sec. 352. Part 107 transparency and technology improvements.
    Sec. 353. Emergency exemption process.
    Sec. 354. Treatment of unmanned aircraft operating underground.
    Sec. 355. Public UAS operations by Tribal governments.
    Sec. 356. Authorization of appropriations for Know Before You Fly
              campaign.
    Sec. 357. Unmanned aircraft systems privacy policy.
    Sec. 358. UAS privacy review.
    Sec. 359. Study on fire department and emergency service agency use of
              unmanned aircraft systems.
    Sec. 360. Study on financing of unmanned aircraft services.
    Sec. 361. Report on UAS and chemical aerial application.
    Sec. 362. Sense of Congress regarding unmanned aircraft safety.
    Sec. 363. Prohibition regarding weapons.
    Sec. 364. U.S. Counter-UAS system review of interagency coordination
              processes.
    Sec. 365. Cooperation related to certain counter-UAS technology.
    Sec. 366. Strategy for responding to public safety threats and
              enforcement utility of unmanned aircraft systems.
    Sec. 367. Incorporation of Federal Aviation Administration occupations
              relating to unmanned aircraft into veterans employment
              programs of the administration.
    Sec. 368. Public UAS access to special use airspace.
    Sec. 369. Applications for designation.
    Sec. 370. Sense of Congress on additional rulemaking authority.
    Sec. 371. Assessment of aircraft registration for small unmanned
              aircraft.
    Sec. 372. Enforcement.
    Sec. 373. Federal and local authorities.
    Sec. 374. Spectrum.
    Sec. 375. Federal Trade Commission authority.
    Sec. 376. Plan for full operational capability of unmanned aircraft
              systems traffic management.
    Sec. 377. Early implementation of certain UTM services.
    Sec. 378. Sense of Congress.
    Sec. 379. Commercial and governmental operators.
    Sec. 380. Transition language.
    Sec. 381. Unmanned aircraft systems in restricted buildings or grounds.
    Sec. 382. Prohibition.
    Sec. 383. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and enforcement.
    Sec. 384. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.

                       Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

    Sec. 391. Short title.
    Sec. 392. Expansion of Pilot's Bill of Rights.
    Sec. 393. Notification of reexamination of certificate holders.
    Sec. 394. Expediting updates to NOTAM Program.
    Sec. 395. Accessibility of certain flight data.
    Sec. 396. Authority for legal counsel to issue certain notices.

                       TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

                Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

    Sec. 401. Definitions.
    Sec. 402. Reliable air service in American Samoa.
    Sec. 403. Cell phone voice communication ban.
    Sec. 404. Improved notification of insecticide use.
    Sec. 405. Consumer complaints hotline.
    Sec. 406. Consumer information on actual flight times.
    Sec. 407. Training policies regarding racial, ethnic, and religious
              nondiscrimination.
    Sec. 408. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.
    Sec. 409. Prohibitions against smoking on passenger flights.
    Sec. 410. Report on baggage reporting requirements.
    Sec. 411. Enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
    Sec. 412. Strollers.
    Sec. 413. Causes of airline delays or cancellations.
    Sec. 414. Involuntary changes to itineraries.
    Sec. 415. Extension of Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer
              Protection.
    Sec. 416. Online access to aviation consumer protection information.
    Sec. 417. Protection of pets on airplanes.
    Sec. 418. Advisory committee on air ambulance and patient billing.
    Sec. 419. Air ambulance complaints to the Department of Transportation.
    Sec. 420. Report to Congress on air ambulance oversight.
    Sec. 421. Refunds for other fees that are not honored by a covered air
              carrier.
    Sec. 422. Advance boarding during pregnancy.
    Sec. 423. Consumer complaint process improvement.
    Sec. 424. Aviation consumer advocate.
    Sec. 425. TICKETS Act.
    Sec. 426. Report on availability of lavatories on commercial aircraft.
    Sec. 427. Consumer protection requirements relating to large ticket
              agents.
    Sec. 428. Widespread disruptions.
    Sec. 429. Passenger rights.

                Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

    Sec. 431. Aviation consumers with disabilities study.
    Sec. 432. Study on in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
    Sec. 433. Improving wheelchair assistance for individuals with
              disabilities.
    Sec. 434. Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights.
    Sec. 435. Sense of Congress regarding equal access for individuals with
              disabilities.
    Sec. 436. Civil penalties relating to harm to passengers with
              disabilities.
    Sec. 437. Harmonization of service animal standards.
    Sec. 438. Review of practices for ticketing, pre-flight seat
              assignments, and stowing of assistive devices for passengers
              with disabilities.
    Sec. 439. Advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers with
              disabilities.
    Sec. 440. Regulations ensuring assistance for passengers with
              disabilities in air transportation.
    Sec. 441. Transparency for disabled passengers.

                     Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

    Sec. 451. Essential air service authorization.
    Sec. 452. Study on essential air service reform.
    Sec. 453. Air transportation to noneligible places.
    Sec. 454. Inspector general review of service and oversight of
              unsubsidized carriers.
    Sec. 455. Small community air service.
    Sec. 456. Waivers.
    Sec. 457. Extension of final order establishing mileage adjustment
              eligibility.
    Sec. 458. Reduction in subsidy-per-passenger.

                             TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

    Sec. 501. Definitions.
    Sec. 502. Report on air traffic control modernization.
    Sec. 503. Return on investment report.
    Sec. 504. Air traffic control operational contingency plans.
    Sec. 505. 2020 ADS-B Out mandate plan.
    Sec. 506. Securing aircraft avionics systems.
    Sec. 507. Human factors.
    Sec. 508. Programmatic risk management.
    Sec. 509. Review of FAA strategic cybersecurity plan.
    Sec. 510. Consolidation and realignment of FAA services and facilities.
    Sec. 511. FAA review and reform.
    Sec. 512. Air shows.
    Sec. 513. Part 91 review, reform, and streamlining.
    Sec. 514. Aircraft leasing.
    Sec. 515. Pilots sharing flight expenses with passengers.
    Sec. 516. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast.
    Sec. 517. Public aircraft eligible for logging flight times.
    Sec. 518. Aircraft Registry Office.
    Sec. 519. FAA data transparency.
    Sec. 520. Intra-agency coordination.
    Sec. 521. Administrative Services Franchise Fund.
    Sec. 522. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast.
    Sec. 523. Contract weather observers.
    Sec. 524. Regions and centers.
    Sec. 525. Geosynthetic materials.
    Sec. 526. National Airmail Museum.
    Sec. 527. Status of agreement between FAA and Little Rock Port
              Authority.
    Sec. 528. Briefing on aircraft diversions from Los Angeles International
              Airport to Hawthorne Municipal Airport.
    Sec. 529. TFR report.
    Sec. 530. Air traffic services at aviation events.
    Sec. 531. Application of veterans' preference to Federal Aviation
              Administration personnel management system.
    Sec. 532. Clarification of requirements for living history flights.
    Sec. 533. Review and reform of FAA performance management system.
    Sec. 534. NextGen delivery study.
    Sec. 535. Study on allergic reactions.
    Sec. 536. Oxygen mask design study.
    Sec. 537. Air cargo study.
    Sec. 538. Sense of Congress on preventing the transportation of disease-
              carrying mosquitoes and other insects on commercial aircraft.
    Sec. 539. Technical corrections.
    Sec. 540. Report on illegal charter flights.
    Sec. 541. Use of NASA's super guppy aircraft for commercial transport.
    Sec. 542. Prohibited airspace assessment.
    Sec. 543. Report on multiagency use of airspace and environmental
              review.
    Sec. 544. Agency procurement reporting requirements.
    Sec. 545. FAA organizational reform.
    Sec. 546. FAA Civil Aviation Registry upgrade.
    Sec. 547. Enhanced air traffic services.
    Sec. 548. Sense of Congress on artificial intelligence in aviation.
    Sec. 549. Study on cybersecurity workforce of FAA.
    Sec. 550. Treatment of multiyear lessees of large and turbine-powered
              multiengine aircraft.
    Sec. 551. Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plans.
    Sec. 552. Study on training of customer-facing air carrier employees.
    Sec. 553. Automated weather observing systems policy.
    Sec. 554. Prioritizing and supporting the Human Intervention Motivation
              Study (HIMS) program and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol
              Program (FADAP).
    Sec. 555. Cost-effectiveness analysis of equipment rental.
    Sec. 556. Aircraft registration.
    Sec. 557. Requirement to consult with stakeholders in defining scope and
              requirements for future flight service program.
    Sec. 558. Federal Aviation Administration performance measures and
              targets.
    Sec. 559. Report on plans for air traffic control facilities in the New
              York City and Newark region.
    Sec. 560. Work plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia
              Metropolitan Area Airspace Project.
    Sec. 561. Annual report on inclusion of disabled veteran leave in
              personnel management system.
    Sec. 562. Enhanced surveillance capability.
    Sec. 563. Access of air carriers to information about applicants to be
              pilots from national driver register.
    Sec. 564. Regulatory reform.
    Sec. 565. Aviation fuel.
    Sec. 566. Right to privacy when using air traffic control system.
    Sec. 567. Federal Aviation Administration workforce review.
    Sec. 568. Review of approval process for use of large air tankers and
              very large air tankers for wildland firefighting.
    Sec. 569. FAA technical workforce.
    Sec. 570. Study on airport credit assistance.
    Sec. 571. Spectrum availability.
    Sec. 572. Special review relating to air space changes.
    Sec. 573. Reimbursement for immigration inspections.
    Sec. 574. FAA employees in Guam.
    Sec. 575. GAO study on airline computer network disruptions.
    Sec. 576. Tower marking.
    Sec. 577. Minimum dimensions for passenger seats.
    Sec. 578. Judicial review for proposed alternative environmental review
              and approval procedures.
    Sec. 579. Regulatory streamlining.
    Sec. 580. Spaceports.
    Sec. 581. Special rule for certain aircraft operations (space support
              vehicles).
    Sec. 582. Portability of repairman certificates.
    Sec. 583. Undeclared hazardous materials public awareness campaign.
    Sec. 584. Liability protection for volunteer pilots who fly for the
              public benefit.

                          TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE

                          Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

    Sec. 601. Student outreach report.
    Sec. 602. Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force.

                          Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

    Sec. 611. Sense of Congress regarding women in aviation.
    Sec. 612. Supporting women's involvement in the aviation field.

                    Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

    Sec. 621. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future.
    Sec. 622. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future study.
    Sec. 623. Sense of Congress on hiring veterans.
    Sec. 624. Aviation maintenance industry technical workforce.
    Sec. 625. Aviation workforce development programs.

                 Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

    Sec. 631. Community and technical college centers of excellence in small
              unmanned aircraft system technology training.
    Sec. 632. Collegiate training initiative program for unmanned aircraft
              systems.

                            TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    Sec. 701. Short title.
    Sec. 702. Definitions.
    Sec. 703. Authorization of appropriations.

              Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

    Sec. 711. Assistant Administrator for Research and Development.
    Sec. 712. Research advisory committee.

                      Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

    Sec. 721. Unmanned aircraft systems research and development roadmap.

            Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

    Sec. 731. Cyber Testbed.
    Sec. 732. Study on the effect of extreme weather on air travel.

               Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

    Sec. 741. Research plan for the certification of new technologies into
              the national airspace system.
    Sec. 742. Technology review.
    Sec. 743. CLEEN aircraft and engine technology partnership.
    Sec. 744. Research and deployment of certain airfield pavement
              technologies.

                           Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

    Sec. 751. Short title; findings.
    Sec. 752. Definitions.
    Sec. 753. Federal Geographic Data Committee.
    Sec. 754. National Geospatial Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 755. National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
    Sec. 756. National Geospatial Data Asset data themes.
    Sec. 757. Geospatial data standards.
    Sec. 758. GeoPlatform.
    Sec. 759. Covered agency responsibilities.
    Sec. 759A. Limitation on use of Federal funds.
    Sec. 759B. Savings provision.
    Sec. 759C. Private sector.

                            Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 761. NextGen research.
    Sec. 762. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.

                     TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

    Sec. 801. Expenditure authority from Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
    Sec. 802. Extension of taxes funding Airport and Airway Trust Fund.

    DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF
                                      2018

    Sec. 1101. Short title.
    Sec. 1102. Definitions.
    Sec. 1103. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 1104. Still images.
    Sec. 1105. Electronic records.
    Sec. 1106. Report on Most Wanted List methodology.
    Sec. 1107. Methodology.
    Sec. 1108. Multimodal accident database management system.
    Sec. 1109. Addressing the needs of families of individuals involved in
              accidents.
    Sec. 1110. Government Accountability Office report on investigation
              launch decision-making processes.
    Sec. 1111. Periodic review of safety recommendations.
    Sec. 1112. General organization.
    Sec. 1113. Technical and conforming amendments.

                      DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

    Sec. 1201. Short title.
    Sec. 1202. Applicability.
    Sec. 1203. Definitions.
    Sec. 1204. Wildfire prevention.
    Sec. 1205. Additional activities.
    Sec. 1206. Eligibility for code implementation and enforcement.
    Sec. 1207. Program improvements.
    Sec. 1208. Prioritization of facilities.
    Sec. 1209. Guidance on evacuation routes.
    Sec. 1210. Duplication of benefits.
    Sec. 1211. State administration of assistance for direct temporary
              housing and permanent housing construction.
    Sec. 1212. Assistance to individuals and households.
    Sec. 1213. Multifamily lease and repair assistance.
    Sec. 1214. Private nonprofit facility.
    Sec. 1215. Management costs.
    Sec. 1216. Flexibility.
    Sec. 1217. Additional disaster assistance.
    Sec. 1218. National veterinary emergency teams.
    Sec. 1219. Right of arbitration.
    Sec. 1220. Unified Federal environmental and historic preservation
              review.
    Sec. 1221. Closeout incentives.
    Sec. 1222. Performance of services.
    Sec. 1223. Study to streamline and consolidate information collection.
    Sec. 1224. Agency accountability.
    Sec. 1225. Audit of contracts.
    Sec. 1226. Inspector general audit of FEMA contracts for tarps and
              plastic sheeting.
    Sec. 1227. Relief organizations.
    Sec. 1228. Guidance on inundated and submerged roads.
    Sec. 1229. Extension of assistance.
    Sec. 1230. Guidance and recommendations.
    Sec. 1231. Guidance on hazard mitigation assistance.
    Sec. 1232. Local impact.
    Sec. 1233. Additional hazard mitigation activities.
    Sec. 1234. National public infrastructure predisaster hazard mitigation.
    Sec. 1235. Additional mitigation activities.
    Sec. 1236. Guidance and training by FEMA on coordination of emergency
              response plans.
    Sec. 1237. Certain recoupment prohibited.
    Sec. 1238. Federal assistance to individuals and households and
              nonprofit facilities.
    Sec. 1239. Cost of assistance estimates.
    Sec. 1240. Report on insurance shortfalls.
    Sec. 1241. Post disaster building safety assessment.
    Sec. 1242. FEMA updates on national preparedness assessment.
    Sec. 1243. FEMA report on duplication in non-natural disaster
              preparedness grant programs.
    Sec. 1244. Study and report.
    Sec. 1245. Review of assistance for damaged underground water
              infrastructure.
    Sec. 1246. Extension.

                          DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

    Sec. 1301. Short title.
    Sec. 1302. Declaration of policy.
    Sec. 1303. Definitions.
    Sec. 1304. Issuance of orders.
    Sec. 1305. Required terms in orders.
    Sec. 1306. Assessments.
    Sec. 1307. Referenda.
    Sec. 1308. Petition and review.
    Sec. 1309. Enforcement.
    Sec. 1310. Investigation and power to subpoena.
    Sec. 1311. Suspension or termination.
    Sec. 1312. Amendments to orders.
    Sec. 1313. Effect on other laws.
    Sec. 1314. Regulations.
    Sec. 1315. Limitation on expenditures for administrative expenses.
    Sec. 1316. Limitations on obligation of funds.
    Sec. 1317. Study and report by the Government Accountability Office.
    Sec. 1318. Study and report by the Department of Commerce.

                          DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

    Sec. 1401. Short title.
    Sec. 1402. Definitions.

                             TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

    Sec. 1411. Statement of policy.
    Sec. 1412. United States International Development Finance Corporation.
    Sec. 1413. Management of Corporation.
    Sec. 1414. Inspector General of the Corporation.
    Sec. 1415. Independent accountability mechanism.

                              TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

    Sec. 1421. Authorities relating to provision of support.
    Sec. 1422. Terms and conditions.
    Sec. 1423. Payment of losses.
    Sec. 1424. Termination.

                TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

    Sec. 1431. Operations.
    Sec. 1432. Corporate powers.
    Sec. 1433. Maximum contingent liability.
    Sec. 1434. Corporate funds.
    Sec. 1435. Coordination with other development agencies.

                 TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

    Sec. 1441. Establishment of risk and audit committees.
    Sec. 1442. Performance measures, evaluation, and learning.
    Sec. 1443. Annual report.
    Sec. 1444. Publicly available project information.
    Sec. 1445. Engagement with investors.
    Sec. 1446. Notifications to be provided by the Corporation.

               TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

    Sec. 1451. Limitations and preferences.
    Sec. 1452. Additionality and avoidance of market distortion.
    Sec. 1453. Prohibition on support in countries that support terrorism or
              violate human rights and with sanctioned persons.
    Sec. 1454. Applicability of certain provisions of law.

                        TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

    Sec. 1461. Definitions.
    Sec. 1462. Reorganization plan.
    Sec. 1463. Transfer of functions.
    Sec. 1464. Termination of Overseas Private Investment Corporation and
              other superceded authorities.
    Sec. 1465. Transitional authorities.
    Sec. 1466. Savings provisions.
    Sec. 1467. Other terminations.
    Sec. 1468. Incidental transfers.
    Sec. 1469. Reference.
    Sec. 1470. Conforming amendments.

                          DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

    Sec. 1501. Syria Study Group.

                     DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

    Sec. 1601. Short title.
    Sec. 1602. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned
              aircraft.
    Sec. 1603. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.

        DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

    Sec. 1701. Budgetary effects.

                          DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

    Sec. 1801. Short title.
    Sec. 1802. Definitions.
    Sec. 1803. Coordination with TSA on maritime facilities.
    Sec. 1804. Strategic plan to enhance the security of the international
              supply chain.
    Sec. 1805. Cybersecurity information sharing and coordination in ports.
    Sec. 1806. Facility inspection intervals.
    Sec. 1807. Updates of maritime operations coordination plan.
    Sec. 1808. Evaluation of Coast Guard deployable specialized forces.
    Sec. 1809. Repeal of interagency operational centers for port security
              and secure systems of transportation.
    Sec. 1810. Duplication of efforts in the maritime domain.
    Sec. 1811. Maritime security capabilities assessments.
    Sec. 1812. Container Security Initiative.
    Sec. 1813. Maritime border security review.
    Sec. 1814. Maritime border security cooperation.
    Sec. 1815. Transportation worker identification credential appeals
              process.
    Sec. 1816. Technical and conforming amendments.

                       DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

                        TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

    Sec. 1901. Short title; references.
    Sec. 1902. Definitions.

                   Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

    Sec. 1903. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 1904. Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration;
              5-year term.
    Sec. 1905. Transportation Security Administration organization.
    Sec. 1906. Transportation Security Administration efficiency.
    Sec. 1907. Personnel management system review.
    Sec. 1908. TSA leap pay reform.
    Sec. 1909. Rank awards program for transportation security
              administration executives and senior professionals.
    Sec. 1910. Transmittals to Congress.

                         Subtitle B--Security Technology

    Sec. 1911. Third party testing and verification of screening technology.
    Sec. 1912. Transportation security administration systems integration
              facility.
    Sec. 1913. Opportunities to pursue expanded networks for business.
    Sec. 1914. Reciprocal recognition of security standards.
    Sec. 1915. Transportation Security Laboratory.
    Sec. 1916. Innovation Task Force.
    Sec. 1917. 5-Year technology investment plan update.
    Sec. 1918. Maintenance of security-related technology.
    Sec. 1919. Biometrics expansion.
    Sec. 1920. Pilot program for automated exit lane technology.
    Sec. 1921. Authorization of appropriations; exit lane security.
    Sec. 1922. Real-time security checkpoint wait times.
    Sec. 1923. GAO report on deployment of screening technologies across
              airports.
    Sec. 1924. Screening technology review and performance objectives.
    Sec. 1925. Computed tomography pilot programs.

                        Subtitle C--Public Area Security

    Sec. 1926. Definitions.
    Sec. 1927. Explosives detection canine capacity building.
    Sec. 1928. Third party domestic canines.
    Sec. 1929. Tracking and monitoring of canine training and testing.
    Sec. 1930. VIPR team statistics.
    Sec. 1931. Public area security working group.
    Sec. 1932. Public area best practices.
    Sec. 1933. Airport worker access controls cost and feasibility study.
    Sec. 1934. Securing airport worker access points.
    Sec. 1935. Law Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program.
    Sec. 1936. Airport perimeter and access control security.

                    Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

    Sec. 1937. PreCheck Program.
    Sec. 1938. PreCheck expedited screening.
    Sec. 1939. Trusted traveler programs; collaboration.
    Sec. 1940. Passenger security fee.
    Sec. 1941. Third party canine teams for air cargo security.
    Sec. 1942. Known Shipper Program review.
    Sec. 1943. Establishment of air cargo security division.
    Sec. 1944. Air cargo regulation review.
    Sec. 1945. GAO review.
    Sec. 1946. Screening partnership program updates.
    Sec. 1947. Screening performance assessments.
    Sec. 1948. Transportation security training programs.
    Sec. 1949. Traveler redress improvement.
    Sec. 1950. Improvements for screening of passengers with disabilities.
    Sec. 1951. Air cargo advance screening program.
    Sec. 1952. General aviation airports.

                      Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

    Sec. 1953. Last point of departure airports; security directives.
    Sec. 1954. Last point of departure airport assessment.
    Sec. 1955. Tracking security screening equipment from last point of
              departure airports.
    Sec. 1956. International security standards.
    Sec. 1957. Aviation security in Cuba.
    Sec. 1958. Report on airports used by Mahan Air.

                     Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

    Sec. 1959. Federal air marshal service updates.
    Sec. 1960. Crew member self-defense training.
    Sec. 1961. Flight deck safety and security.
    Sec. 1962. Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by
              individuals.
    Sec. 1963. Federal flight deck officer program improvements.

                   Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

    Sec. 1964. Surface transportation security assessment and implementation
              of risk-based strategy.
    Sec. 1965. Risk-based budgeting and resource allocation.
    Sec. 1966. Surface transportation security management and interagency
              coordination review.
    Sec. 1967. Transparency.
    Sec. 1968. TSA counterterrorism asset deployment.
    Sec. 1969. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 1970. Review of the explosives detection canine team program.
    Sec. 1971. Expansion of national explosives detection canine team
              program.
    Sec. 1972. Study on security standards and best practices for passenger
              transportation systems.
    Sec. 1973. Amtrak security upgrades.
    Sec. 1974. Passenger rail vetting.
    Sec. 1975. Study on surface transportation inspectors.
    Sec. 1976. Security awareness program.
    Sec. 1977. Voluntary use of credentialing.
    Sec. 1978. Background records checks for issuance of hazmat licenses.
    Sec. 1979. Cargo container scanning technology review.
    Sec. 1980. Pipeline security study.
    Sec. 1981. Feasibility assessment.
    Sec. 1982. Best practices to secure against vehicle-based attacks.
    Sec. 1983. Surface transportation stakeholder survey.
    Sec. 1984. Nuclear material and explosive detection technology.

                       Subtitle H--Transportation Security

    Sec. 1985. National strategy for transportation security review.
    Sec. 1986. Risk scenarios.
    Sec. 1987. Integrated and unified operations centers.
    Sec. 1988. National Deployment Force.
    Sec. 1989. Information sharing and cybersecurity.
    Sec. 1990. Security technologies tied to foreign threat countries.

               Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

    Sec. 1991. Title 49 amendments.
    Sec. 1992. Table of contents of chapter 449.
    Sec. 1993. Other laws; Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
              of 2004.
    Sec. 1994. Savings provisions.

                     DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

      SEC. 11. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``Sports Medicine Licensure
    Clarity Act of 2018''.
      SEC. 12. PROTECTIONS FOR COVERED SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS.
        (a) In General.--In the case of a covered sports medicine
    professional who has in effect medical professional liability insurance
    coverage and provides in a secondary State covered medical services
    that are within the scope of practice of such professional in the
    primary State to an athlete or an athletic team (or a staff member of
    such an athlete or athletic team) pursuant to an agreement described in
    subsection (c)(4) with respect to such athlete or athletic team--
            (1) such medical professional liability insurance coverage
        shall cover (subject to any related premium adjustments) such
        professional with respect to such covered medical services provided
        by the professional in the secondary State to such an individual or
        team as if such services were provided by such professional in the
        primary State to such an individual or team; and
            (2) to the extent such professional is licensed under the
        requirements of the primary State to provide such services to such
        an individual or team, the professional shall be treated as
        satisfying any licensure requirements of the secondary State to
        provide such services to such an individual or team to the extent
        the licensure requirements of the secondary State are substantially
        similar to the licensure requirements of the primary State.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed--
            (1) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to provide
        medical services in the secondary State that exceed the scope of
        that professional's license in the primary State;
            (2) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to provide
        medical services in the secondary State that exceed the scope of a
        substantially similar sports medicine professional license in the
        secondary State;
            (3) to supersede any reciprocity agreement in effect between
        the two States regarding such services or such professionals;
            (4) to supersede any interstate compact agreement entered into
        by the two States regarding such services or such professionals; or
            (5) to supersede a licensure exemption the secondary State
        provides for sports medicine professionals licensed in the primary
        State.
        (c) Definitions.--In this division, the following definitions
    apply:
            (1) Athlete.--The term ``athlete'' means--
                (A) an individual participating in a sporting event or
            activity for which the individual may be paid;
                (B) an individual participating in a sporting event or
            activity sponsored or sanctioned by a national governing body;
            or
                (C) an individual for whom a high school or institution of
            higher education provides a covered sports medicine
            professional.
            (2) Athletic team.--The term ``athletic team'' means a sports
        team--
                (A) composed of individuals who are paid to participate on
            the team;
                (B) composed of individuals who are participating in a
            sporting event or activity sponsored or sanctioned by a
            national governing body; or
                (C) for which a high school or an institution of higher
            education provides a covered sports medicine professional.
            (3) Covered medical services.--The term ``covered medical
        services'' means general medical care, emergency medical care,
        athletic training, or physical therapy services. Such term does not
        include care provided by a covered sports medicine professional--
                (A) at a health care facility; or
                (B) while a health care provider licensed to practice in
            the secondary State is transporting the injured individual to a
            health care facility.
            (4) Covered sports medicine professional.--The term ``covered
        sports medicine professional'' means a physician, athletic trainer,
        or other health care professional who--
                (A) is licensed to practice in the primary State;
                (B) provides covered medical services, pursuant to a
            written agreement with an athlete, an athletic team, a national
            governing body, a high school, or an institution of higher
            education; and
                (C) prior to providing the covered medical services
            described in subparagraph (B), has disclosed the nature and
            extent of such services to the entity that provides the
            professional with liability insurance in the primary State.
            (5) Health care facility.--The term ``health care facility''
        means a facility in which medical care, diagnosis, or treatment is
        provided on an inpatient or outpatient basis. Such term does not
        include facilities at an arena, stadium, or practice facility, or
        temporary facilities existing for events where athletes or athletic
        teams may compete.
            (6) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of
        higher education'' has the meaning given such term in section 101
        of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
            (7) License.--The term ``license'' or ``licensure'', as applied
        with respect to a covered sports medicine professional, means a
        professional that has met the requirements and is approved to
        provide covered medical services in accordance with State laws and
        regulations in the primary State. Such term may include the
        registration or certification, or any other form of special
        recognition, of an individual as such a professional, as
        applicable.
            (8) National governing body.--The term ``national governing
        body'' has the meaning given such term in section 220501 of title
        36, United States Code.
            (9) Primary state.--The term ``primary State'' means, with
        respect to a covered sports medicine professional, the State in
        which--
                (A) the covered sports medicine professional is licensed to
            practice; and
                (B) the majority of the covered sports medicine
            professional's practice is underwritten for medical
            professional liability insurance coverage.
            (10) Secondary state.--The term ``secondary State'' means, with
        respect to a covered sports medicine professional, any State that
        is not the primary State.
            (11) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several
        States, the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth, territory,
        or possession of the United States.
            (12) Substantially similar.--The term ``substantially
        similar'', with respect to the licensure by primary and secondary
        States of a sports medicine professional, means that both the
        primary and secondary States have in place a form of licensure for
        such professionals that permits such professionals to provide
        covered medical services.

                  DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

        SEC. 101. DEFINITION OF APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.
        In this division, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress''
    means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives.

                            TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS
                      Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

        SEC. 111. AIRPORT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AND NOISE COMPATIBILITY
          PLANNING AND PROGRAMS.
        (a) Authorization.--Section 48103(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``section 47504(c)'' and all that follows
    through the period at the end and inserting the following: ``section
    47504(c)--
            ``(1) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(2) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(3) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(4) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(5) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(6) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
        (b) Obligation Authority.--Section 47104(c) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
    striking ``2018,'' and inserting ``2023,''.
        SEC. 112. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.
        (a) Authorization of Appropriations From Airport and Airway Trust
    Fund.--Section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking paragraphs (1) through (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) $3,330,000,000 for fiscal year 2018.
            ``(2) $3,398,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            ``(3) $3,469,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
            ``(4) $3,547,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
            ``(5) $3,624,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
            ``(6) $3,701,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
        (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 48101(c) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Automated Surface
        Observation System/Automated Weather Observing System Upgrade'' and
        inserting ``Authorized Expenditures''; and
            (2) by striking ``may be used for the implementation'' and all
        that follows through the period at the end and inserting the
        following: ``may be used for the following:
            ``(1) The implementation and use of upgrades to the current
        automated surface observation system/automated weather observing
        system, if the upgrade is successfully demonstrated.
            ``(2) The acquisition and construction of remote towers (as
        defined in section 161 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018).
            ``(3) The remediation and elimination of identified
        cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the air traffic control system.
            ``(4) The construction of facilities dedicated to improving the
        cybersecurity of the National Airspace System.
            ``(5) Systems associated with the Data Communications program.
            ``(6) The infrastructure, sustainment, and the elimination of
        the deferred maintenance backlog of air navigation facilities and
        other facilities for which the Federal Aviation Administration is
        responsible.
            ``(7) The modernization and digitization of the Civil Aviation
        Registry.
            ``(8) The construction of necessary Priority 1 National
        Airspace System facilities.
            ``(9) Cost-beneficial construction, rehabilitation, or
        retrofitting programs designed to reduce Federal Aviation
        Administration facility operating costs.''.
        SEC. 113. FAA OPERATIONS.
        (a) In General.--Section 106(k)(1) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F) and inserting the
    following:
                ``(A) $10,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
                ``(B) $10,486,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
                ``(C) $10,732,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
                ``(D) $11,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                ``(E) $11,269,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
                ``(F) $11,537,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
        (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 106(k)(2) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(D) Not more than the following amounts for commercial
            space transportation activities:
                    ``(i) $22,587,000 for fiscal year 2018.
                    ``(ii) $33,038,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                    ``(iii) $43,500,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                    ``(iv) $54,970,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                    ``(v) $64,449,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                    ``(vi) $75,938,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
        (c) Authority to Transfer Funds.--Section 106(k)(3) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``fiscal years 2012 through
    2018,'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2018 through 2023,''.
        SEC. 114. WEATHER REPORTING PROGRAMS.
        Section 48105 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``To reimburse the'' and all that follows
        through ``the Secretary of Transportation'' and inserting ``To
        sustain the aviation weather reporting programs of the Federal
        Aviation Administration, the Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) $39,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through
        2023.''.
        SEC. 115. ADJUSTMENT TO AIP PROGRAM FUNDING.
        Section 48112 of title 49, United States Code, and the item
    relating to such section in the analysis for chapter 481 of such title,
    are repealed.
        SEC. 116. FUNDING FOR AVIATION PROGRAMS.
        Section 48114(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by striking ``in fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year
    thereafter'' and inserting ``in fiscal years 2014 through 2018''.
        SEC. 117. EXTENSION OF EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.
        (a) Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.--Section 47115 of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (i);
            (2) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (i); and
            (3) in subsection (i) (as so redesignated), by striking
        ``fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and inserting ``fiscal years
        2018 through 2023''.
        (b) Extension of Compatible Land Use Planning and Projects by State
    and Local Governments.--Section 47141(f) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting
    ``September 30, 2023''.
        (c) Midway Island Airport.--Section 186(d) of the Vision 100--
    Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (Public Law 108-176; 117 Stat.
    2518) is amended by striking ``for fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and
    inserting ``for fiscal years 2018 through 2023''.
        (d) Extension of Pilot Program for Redevelopment of Airport
    Properties.--Section 822(k) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of
    2012 (49 U.S.C. 47141 note) is amended by striking ``September 30,
    2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.

                     Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

        SEC. 121. PASSENGER FACILITY CHARGE MODERNIZATION.
        (a) Passenger Facility Charges; General Authority.--Section
    40117(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``,
        if the Secretary finds--'' and inserting a period; and
            (2) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B).
        (b) Pilot Program for Passenger Facility Charge Authorizations at
    Nonhub Airports.--Section 40117(l) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``at Nonhub Airports'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``nonhub''; and
            (3) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Not later than 180 days
        after the date of enactment of this subsection, the'' and inserting
        ``The''.
        SEC. 122. FUTURE AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING STUDY.
        (a) Future Aviation Infrastructure and Financing Study.--Not later
    than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
    Transportation shall enter into an agreement with a qualified
    organization to conduct a study assessing the infrastructure needs of
    airports and existing financial resources for commercial service
    airports and make recommendations on the actions needed to upgrade the
    national aviation infrastructure system to meet the growing and
    shifting demands of the 21st century.
        (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the study, the qualified
    organization shall convene and consult with a panel of national
    experts, including representatives of--
            (1) nonhub airports;
            (2) small hub airports;
            (3) medium hub airports;
            (4) large hub airports;
            (5) airports with international service;
            (6) nonprimary airports;
            (7) local elected officials;
            (8) relevant labor organizations;
            (9) passengers;
            (10) air carriers;
            (11) the tourism industry; and
            (12) the business travel industry.
        (c) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the qualified
    organization shall consider--
            (1) the ability of airport infrastructure to meet current and
        projected passenger volumes;
            (2) the available financial tools and resources for airports of
        different sizes;
            (3) the available financing tools and resources for airports in
        rural areas;
            (4) the current debt held by airports, and its impact on future
        construction and capacity needs;
            (5) the impact of capacity constraints on passengers and ticket
        prices;
            (6) the purchasing power of the passenger facility charge from
        the last increase in 2000 to the year of enactment of this Act;
            (7) the impact to passengers and airports of indexing the
        passenger facility charge for inflation;
            (8) how long airports are constrained with current passenger
        facility charge collections;
            (9) the impact of passenger facility charges on promoting
        competition;
            (10) the additional resources or options to fund terminal
        construction projects;
            (11) the resources eligible for use toward noise reduction and
        emission reduction projects;
            (12) the gap between the cost of projects eligible for the
        airport improvement program and the annual Federal funding
        provided;
            (13) the impact of regulatory requirements on airport
        infrastructure financing needs;
            (14) airline competition;
            (15) airline ancillary fees and their impact on ticket pricing
        and taxable revenue; and
            (16) the ability of airports to finance necessary safety,
        security, capacity, and environmental projects identified in
        capital improvement plans.
        (d) Large Hub Airports.--The study shall, to the extent not
    considered under subsection (c), separately evaluate the infrastructure
    requirements of the large hub airports identified in the National Plan
    of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). The evaluation shall--
            (1) analyze the current and future capacity constraints of
        large hub airports;
            (2) quantify large hub airports' infrastructure requirements,
        including terminal, landside, and airside infrastructure;
            (3) quantify the percentage growth in infrastructure
        requirements of the large hub airports relative to other commercial
        service airports;
            (4) analyze how much funding from the airport improvement
        program (AIP) has gone to meet the requirements of large hub
        airports over the past 10 years; and
            (5) project how much AIP funding would be available to meet the
        requirements of large hub airports in the next 5 years if funding
        levels are held constant.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the qualified organization shall submit to the Secretary
    and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of
    the study described in subsection (a), including its findings and
    recommendations related to each item in subsections (c) and (d).
        (f) Definition of Qualified Organization.--In this section, the
    term ``qualified organization'' means an independent nonprofit
    organization that recommends solutions to public policy challenges
    through objective analysis.
        SEC. 123. INTERMODAL ACCESS PROJECTS.
        Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall, after
    consideration of all public comments, publish in the Federal Register a
    final policy amendment consistent with the notice published in the
    Federal Register on May 3, 2016 (81 Fed. Reg. 26611).

             Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

        SEC. 131. GRANT ASSURANCES.
        Section 47107 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(17), by striking ``each contract'' and
        inserting ``if any phase of such project has received funds under
        this subchapter, each contract'';
            (2) in subsection (r)(3), by striking ``2018'' and inserting
        ``2023''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(u) Construction of Recreational Aircraft.--
            ``(1) In general.--The construction of a covered aircraft shall
        be treated as an aeronautical activity for purposes of--
                ``(A) determining an airport's compliance with a grant
            assurance made under this section or any other provision of
            law; and
                ``(B) the receipt of Federal financial assistance for
            airport development.
            ``(2) Covered aircraft defined.--In this subsection, the term
        `covered aircraft' means an aircraft--
                ``(A) used or intended to be used exclusively for
            recreational purposes; and
                ``(B) constructed or under construction by a private
            individual at a general aviation airport.
        ``(v) Community Use of Airport Land.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (a)(13), and
        subject to paragraph (2), the sponsor of a public-use airport shall
        not be considered to be in violation of this subtitle, or to be
        found in violation of a grant assurance made under this section, or
        under any other provision of law, as a condition for the receipt of
        Federal financial assistance for airport development, solely
        because the sponsor has entered into an agreement, including a
        revised agreement, with a local government providing for the use of
        airport property for an interim compatible recreational purpose at
        below fair market value.
            ``(2) Restrictions.--This subsection shall apply only--
                ``(A) to an agreement regarding airport property that was
            initially entered into before the publication of the Federal
            Aviation Administration's Policy and Procedures Concerning the
            Use of Airport Revenue, dated February 16, 1999;
                ``(B) if the agreement between the sponsor and the local
            government is subordinate to any existing or future agreements
            between the sponsor and the Secretary, including agreements
            related to a grant assurance under this section;
                ``(C) to airport property that was acquired under a Federal
            airport development grant program;
                ``(D) if the airport sponsor has provided a written
            statement to the Administrator that the property made available
            for a recreational purpose will not be needed for any
            aeronautical purpose during the next 10 years;
                ``(E) if the agreement includes a term of not more than 2
            years to prepare the airport property for the interim
            compatible recreational purpose and not more than 10 years of
            use for that purpose;
                ``(F) if the recreational purpose will not impact the
            aeronautical use of the airport;
                ``(G) if the airport sponsor provides a certification that
            the sponsor is not responsible for preparation, start-up,
            operations, maintenance, or any other costs associated with the
            recreational purpose; and
                ``(H) if the recreational purpose is consistent with
            Federal land use compatibility criteria under section 47502.
            ``(3) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may
        be construed as permitting a diversion of airport revenue for the
        capital or operating costs associated with the community use of
        airport land.''.
        SEC. 132. MOTHERS' ROOMS.
        (a) Grant Assurances.--Section 47107 of title 49, United States
    Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end
    the following:
        ``(w) Mothers' Rooms.--
            ``(1) In general.--In fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year
        thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation may approve an
        application under this subchapter for an airport development
        project grant only if the Secretary receives written assurances
        that the airport owner or operator will maintain--
                ``(A) a lactation area in the sterile area of each
            passenger terminal building of the airport; and
                ``(B) a baby changing table in one men's and one women's
            restroom in each passenger terminal building of the airport.
            ``(2) Applicability.--
                ``(A) Airport size.--The requirement in paragraph (1) shall
            only apply to applications submitted by the airport sponsor of
            a medium or large hub airport.
                ``(B) Preexisting facilities.--On application by an airport
            sponsor, the Secretary may determine that a lactation area in
            existence on the date of enactment of this Act complies with
            the requirement in paragraph (1), notwithstanding the absence
            of one of the facilities or characteristics referred to in the
            definition of the term `lactation area' in this subsection.
                ``(C) Special rule.--The requirement in paragraph (1) shall
            not apply with respect to a project grant application for a
            period of time, determined by the Secretary, if the Secretary
            determines that construction or maintenance activities make it
            impracticable or unsafe for the lactation area to be located in
            the sterile area of the building.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this section, the term--
                ``(A) `lactation area' means a room or similar
            accommodation that--
                    ``(i) provides a location for members of the public to
                express breast milk that is shielded from view and free
                from intrusion from the public;
                    ``(ii) has a door that can be locked;
                    ``(iii) includes a place to sit, a table or other flat
                surface, a sink or sanitizing equipment, and an electrical
                outlet;
                    ``(iv) is readily accessible to and usable by
                individuals with disabilities, including individuals who
                use wheelchairs; and
                    ``(v) is not located in a restroom; and
                ``(B) `sterile area' has the same meaning given that term
            in section 1540.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.''.
        (b) Terminal Development Costs.--Section 47119(a) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Lactation areas.--In addition to the projects described
        in paragraph (1), the Secretary may approve a project for terminal
        development for the construction or installation of a lactation
        area (as defined in section 47107(w)) at a commercial service
        airport.''.
        SEC. 133. CONTRACT TOWER PROGRAM.
        (a) Air Traffic Control Contract Program.--
            (1) Special rule.--Section 47124(b)(1)(B) of title 49, United
        States Code, is amended--
                (A) by striking ``under the program continued under this
            paragraph'' and inserting ``under the Contract Tower Program'';
            and
                (B) by striking ``exceeds the benefit for a period of 18
            months after such determination is made'' and inserting the
            following: ``exceeds the benefit--
                    ``(i) for the 1-year period after such determination is
                made; or
                    ``(ii) if an appeal of such determination is requested,
                for the 1-year period described in subsection (d)(4)(D).''.
            (2) Exemption.--Section 47124(b)(3)(D) of title 49, United
        States Code, is amended--
                (A) by striking ``under the program'' and inserting ``under
            the Cost-share Program''; and
                (B) by adding at the end the following: ``Airports with air
            service provided under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
            Regulations, and more than 25,000 passenger enplanements in
            calendar year 2014 shall be exempt from any cost-share
            requirement under this paragraph.''.
            (3) Construction of air traffic control towers.--
                (A) Grants.--Section 47124(b)(4)(A) of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended in each of clauses (i)(III) and
            (ii)(III) by inserting ``, including remote air traffic control
            tower equipment certified by the Federal Aviation
            Administration'' after ``1996''.
                (B) Eligibility.--Section 47124(b)(4)(B)(i)(I) of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended by striking ``contract tower
            program established under subsection (a) and continued under
            paragraph (1) or the pilot program established under paragraph
            (3)'' and inserting ``Contract Tower Program or the Cost-share
            Program''.
                (C) Limitation on federal share.--Section 47124(b)(4) of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
            subparagraph (C).
            (4) Benefit-to-cost calculation for program applicants.--
        Section 47124(b)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
        adding at the end the following:
                ``(G) Benefit-to-cost calculation.--Not later than 90 days
            after receiving an application to the Contract Tower Program,
            the Secretary shall calculate a benefit-to-cost ratio (as
            described in subsection (d)) for the applicable air traffic
            control tower for purposes of selecting towers for
            participation in the Contract Tower Program.''.
        (b) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--Section 47124 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--
            ``(1) Timing of evaluations.--
                ``(A) Towers participating in cost-share program.--In the
            case of an air traffic control tower that is operated under the
            Cost-share Program, the Secretary shall annually calculate a
            benefit-to-cost ratio with respect to the tower.
                ``(B) Towers participating in contract tower program.--In
            the case of an air traffic control tower that is operated under
            the Contract Tower Program, the Secretary shall not calculate a
            benefit-to-cost ratio after the date of enactment of this
            subsection with respect to the tower unless the Secretary
            determines that the annual aircraft traffic at the airport
            where the tower is located has decreased--
                    ``(i) by more than 25 percent from the previous year;
                or
                    ``(ii) by more than 55 percent cumulatively in the
                preceding 3-year period.
            ``(2) Costs to be considered.--In establishing a benefit-to-
        cost ratio under this section with respect to an air traffic
        control tower, the Secretary shall consider only the following
        costs:
                ``(A) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual cost of
            wages and benefits of personnel working at the tower.
                ``(B) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual
            telecommunications costs directly associated with the tower.
                ``(C) The Federal Aviation Administration's costs of
            purchasing and installing any air traffic control equipment
            that would not have been purchased or installed except as a
            result of the operation of the tower.
                ``(D) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual travel
            costs associated with maintaining air traffic control equipment
            that is owned by the Administration and would not be maintained
            except as a result of the operation of the tower.
                ``(E) Other actual costs of the Federal Aviation
            Administration directly associated with the tower that would
            not be incurred except as a result of the operation of the
            tower (excluding costs for noncontract tower-related personnel
            and equipment, even if the personnel or equipment is located in
            the contract tower building).
            ``(3) Other criteria to be considered.--In establishing a
        benefit-to-cost ratio under this section with respect to an air
        traffic control tower, the Secretary shall add a 10 percentage
        point margin of error to the benefit-to-cost ratio determination to
        acknowledge and account for the direct and indirect economic and
        other benefits that are not included in the criteria the Secretary
        used in calculating that ratio.
            ``(4) Review of cost-benefit determinations.--In issuing a
        benefit-to-cost ratio determination under this section with respect
        to an air traffic control tower located at an airport, the
        Secretary shall implement the following procedures:
                ``(A) The Secretary shall provide the airport (or the State
            or local government having jurisdiction over the airport) at
            least 90 days following the date of receipt of the
            determination to submit to the Secretary a request for an
            appeal of the determination, together with updated or
            additional data in support of the appeal.
                ``(B) Upon receipt of a request for an appeal submitted
            pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                    ``(i) transmit to the Administrator of the Federal
                Aviation Administration any updated or additional data
                submitted in support of the appeal; and
                    ``(ii) provide the Administrator not more than 90 days
                to review the data and provide a response to the Secretary
                based on the review.
                ``(C) After receiving a response from the Administrator
            pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall--
                    ``(i) provide the airport, State, or local government
                that requested the appeal at least 30 days to review the
                response; and
                    ``(ii) withhold from taking further action in
                connection with the appeal during that 30-day period.
                ``(D) If, after completion of the appeal procedures with
            respect to the determination, the Secretary requires the tower
            to transition into the Cost-share Program, the Secretary shall
            not require a cost-share payment from the airport, State, or
            local government for 1 year following the last day of the 30-
            day period described in subparagraph (C).
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Contract tower program.--The term `Contract Tower
        Program' means the level I air traffic control tower contract
        program established under subsection (a) and continued under
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(2) Cost-share program.--The term `Cost-share Program' means
        the cost-share program established under subsection (b)(3).''.
        (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 47124(b) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``the program established
        under paragraph (3)'' and inserting ``the Cost-share Program'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                (A) in the heading, by striking ``contract air traffic
            control tower program'' and inserting ``Cost-share program'';
                (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``contract tower
            program established under subsection (a) and continued under
            paragraph (1) (in this paragraph referred to as the `Contract
            Tower Program')'' and inserting ``Contract Tower Program'';
                (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``In carrying out the
            program'' and inserting ``In carrying out the Cost-share
            Program'';
                (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``participate in the
            program'' and inserting ``participate in the Cost-share
            Program''; and
                (E) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``the program
            continued under paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``the Contract
            Tower Program''.
        (d) Approval of Certain Applications for the Contract Tower
    Program.--
            (1) In general.--If the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration has not implemented a revised cost-benefit
        methodology for purposes of determining eligibility for the
        Contract Tower Program before the date that is 30 days after the
        date of enactment of this Act, any airport with an application for
        participation in the Contract Tower Program pending as of January
        1, 2017, shall be approved for participation in the Contract Tower
        Program if the Administrator determines the tower is eligible under
        the criteria set forth in the Federal Aviation Administration
        report entitled ``Establishment and Discontinuance Criteria for
        Airport Traffic Control Towers'', and dated August 1990 (FAA-APO-
        90-7).
            (2) Requests for additional authority.--The Administrator shall
        respond not later than 60 days after the date the Administrator
        receives a formal request from an airport and air traffic control
        contractor for additional authority to expand contract tower
        operational hours and staff to accommodate flight traffic outside
        of current tower operational hours.
            (3) Definition of contract tower program.--In this section, the
        term ``Contract Tower Program'' has the meaning given the term in
        section 47124(e) of title 49, United States Code, as added by this
        Act.
        SEC. 134. GOVERNMENT SHARE OF PROJECT COSTS.
        Section 47109(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``primary airport having at
        least .25 percent of the total number of passenger boardings each
        year at all commercial service airports;'' and inserting ``medium
        or large hub airport;''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(5) 95 percent for a project that--
                ``(A) the Administrator determines is a successive phase of
            a multiphase construction project for which the sponsor
            received a grant in fiscal year 2011; and
                ``(B) for which the United States Government's share of
            allowable project costs would otherwise be capped at 90 percent
            under paragraph (2) or (3).''.
        SEC. 135. UPDATED VETERANS' PREFERENCE.
        Section 47112(c)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn for more'' and
        inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve,
        Operation Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor contingency
        operation to such operations for more''; and
            (2) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn (whichever is later)''
        and inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve,
        Operation Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor contingency
        operation to such operations (whichever is later)''.
        SEC. 136. USE OF STATE HIGHWAY SPECIFICATIONS.
        Section 47114(d)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
            ``(5) Use of state highway specifications.--The Secretary shall
        use the highway specifications of a State for airfield pavement
        construction and improvement using funds made available under this
        subsection at nonprimary airports serving aircraft that do not
        exceed 60,000 pounds gross weight if--
                ``(A) such State requests the use of such specifications;
            and
                ``(B) the Secretary determines that--
                    ``(i) safety will not be negatively affected; and
                    ``(ii) the life of the pavement, with necessary
                maintenance and upkeep, will not be shorter than it would
                be if constructed using Administration standards.''.
        SEC. 137. FORMER MILITARY AIRPORTS.
        Section 47118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) the airport is--
                ``(A) a former military installation that, at any time
            after December 31, 1965, was owned and operated by the
            Department of Defense; and
                ``(B) a nonhub primary airport.''.
        SEC. 138. ELIGIBILITY OF CCTV PROJECTS FOR AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT
          PROGRAM.
        Section 47119(a)(1)(B) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``; and'' at the end and inserting ``; or'';
            (2) by striking ``directly related to moving passengers'' and
        inserting the following: ``directly related to--
                    ``(i) moving passengers''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(ii) installing security cameras in the public area
                of the interior and exterior of the terminal; and''.
        SEC. 139. STATE BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM EXPANSION.
        Section 47128(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``not more than 9 qualified States for fiscal years 2000 and
    2001 and 10 qualified States for each fiscal year thereafter'' and
    inserting ``not more than 20 qualified States for each fiscal year''.
        SEC. 140. NON-MOVEMENT AREA SURVEILLANCE PILOT PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by inserting after section 47142 the following:
    ``Sec. 47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems
         pilot program
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration may carry out a pilot program to support non-Federal
    acquisition and installation of qualifying non-movement area
    surveillance surface display systems and sensors if--
            ``(1) the Administrator determines that such systems and
        sensors would improve safety or capacity in the National Airspace
        System; and
            ``(2) the non-movement area surveillance surface display
        systems and sensors supplement existing movement area systems and
        sensors at the selected airports established under other programs
        administered by the Administrator.
        ``(b) Project Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of carrying out the pilot
        program, the Administrator may make a project grant out of funds
        apportioned under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of section
        47114(c) to not more than 5 eligible sponsors to acquire and
        install qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface display
        systems and sensors. The airports selected to participate in the
        pilot program shall have existing Administration movement area
        systems and airlines that are participants in Federal Aviation
        Administration's airport collaborative decision-making process.
            ``(2) Data exchange processes.--As part of the pilot program
        carried out under this section, the Administrator may establish
        data exchange processes to allow airport participation in the
        Administration's airport collaborative decision-making process and
        fusion of the non-movement surveillance data with the
        Administration's movement area systems.
        ``(c) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on October
    1, 2023.
        ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Non-movement area.--The term `non-movement area' means
        the portion of the airfield surface that is not under the control
        of air traffic control.
            ``(2) Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems
        and sensors.--The term `non-movement area surveillance surface
        display systems and sensors' means a non-Federal surveillance
        system that uses on-airport sensors that track vehicles or aircraft
        that are equipped with transponders in the non-movement area.
            ``(3) Qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface display
        system and sensors.--The term `qualifying non-movement area
        surveillance surface display system and sensors' means a non-
        movement area surveillance surface display system that--
                ``(A) provides the required transmit and receive data
            formats consistent with the National Airspace System
            architecture at the appropriate service delivery point;
                ``(B) is on-airport; and
                ``(C) is airport operated.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents of
    chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting
    after the item relating to section 47142 the following:

    ``47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems pilot
              program.''.
        SEC. 141. PROPERTY CONVEYANCE RELEASES.
        Section 817(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49
    U.S.C. 47125 note) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or section 23'' and inserting ``, section
        23''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, or section 47125 of title 49, United
        States Code'' before the period at the end.
        SEC. 142. STUDY REGARDING TECHNOLOGY USAGE AT AIRPORTS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall initiate a study on--
            (1) technology developed by international entities (including
        foreign nations and companies) that have been installed in American
        airports and aviation systems over the past decade, including the
        nation where the technology was developed and any airports
        utilizing the technology; and
            (2) aviation safety-related technology developed and
        implemented by international entities with proven track records of
        success that may assist in establishing best practices to improve
        American aviation operations and safety.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
        SEC. 143. STUDY ON AIRPORT REVENUE DIVERSION.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a
    study of--
            (1) the legal and financial challenges related to repealing the
        exception in section 47107(b)(2) of title 49, United States Code,
        for those airports that the Federal Aviation Administration has
        identified are covered by the exception; and
            (2) measures that may be taken to mitigate the impact of
        repealing the exception.
        (b) Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall
    address--
            (1) the level of revenue diversion at the airports covered by
        the exception described in subsection (a)(1) and the uses of the
        diverted revenue;
            (2) the terms of any bonds or financial covenants an airport
        owner has issued relying on diverted airport revenue;
            (3) applicable local laws or ordinances requiring use of
        airport revenue for nonairport purposes;
            (4) whether repealing the exception would improve the long-term
        financial performance of impacted airports; and
            (5) any other practical implications of repealing the exception
        for airports or the national aviation system.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
        SEC. 144. GAO STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GRANTING AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF
          AERONAUTICAL SERVICES TO AN AIRPORT SPONSOR.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct
    a study to examine the cases in which an airport sponsor has exercised
    an exclusive right (commonly known as a proprietary exclusive right),
    as described in the Federal Aviation Advisory Circular 150/1590-6
    issued on January 4, 2007.
        (b) Report.--Upon completion of the study described under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the findings of the study.
        SEC. 145. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SMART AIRPORTS.
        It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration and the Secretary of Transportation should
    produce a smart airports initiative plan that focuses on creating a
    more consumer-friendly and digitally connected airport experience. The
    plan should include recommendations on modernizing technologies to
    provide more efficient check-ins, shortened security lines, Wi-Fi and
    GPS upgrades, as well as improvements of aircraft turnaround for on-
    time boarding and flights. The purpose of the initiative is to invest
    in technologies and infrastructure toward better-connected airports
    while providing appropriate national security and cybersecurity for
    travelers.
        SEC. 146. CRITICAL AIRFIELD MARKINGS.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a
    request for proposal for a study that includes--
            (1) an independent, third-party study to assess the durability
        of Type III and Type I glass beads applied to critical markings
        over a 2-year period at not fewer than 2 primary airports in
        varying weather conditions to measure the retroreflectivity levels
        of such markings on a quarterly basis; and
            (2) a study at 2 other airports carried out by applying Type
        III glass beads on half of the centerline and Type I glass beads to
        the other half and providing for assessments from pilots through
        surveys administered by a third party as to the visibility and
        performance of the Type III glass beads as compared to the Type I
        glass beads over a 1-year period.
        SEC. 147. GENERAL FACILITIES AUTHORITY.
        Section 44502 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
        ``(e) Transfers of Air Traffic Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--An airport may transfer, without
        consideration, to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration, an eligible air traffic system or equipment that
        conforms to performance specifications of the Administrator if a
        Government airport aid program, airport development aid program, or
        airport improvement project grant was used to assist in purchasing
        the system or equipment.
            ``(2) Acceptance.--The Administrator shall accept the eligible
        air traffic system or equipment and operate and maintain it under
        criteria of the Administrator.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `eligible air
        traffic system or equipment' means--
                ``(A) an instrument landing system consisting of a glide
            slope and localizer (if the Administrator has determined that a
            satellite navigation system cannot provide a suitable approach
            to an airport);
                ``(B) an Automated Weather Observing System weather
            observation system; or
                ``(C) a Remote Communication Air/Ground and Remote
            Communication Outlet communications facility.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Airport Space.--
            ``(1) Restriction.--The Administrator may not require an
        airport owner or sponsor (as defined in section 47102) to provide
        to the Federal Aviation Administration without cost any of the
        following:
                ``(A) Building construction, maintenance, utilities, or
            expenses for services relating to air traffic control, air
            navigation, or weather reporting.
                ``(B) Space in a facility owned by the airport owner or
            sponsor for services relating to air traffic control, air
            navigation, or weather reporting.
            ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be
        construed to affect--
                ``(A) any agreement the Secretary may have or make with an
            airport owner or sponsor for the airport owner or sponsor to
            provide any of the items described in paragraph (1)(A) or
            (1)(B) at below-market rates; or
                ``(B) any grant assurance that requires an airport owner or
            sponsor to provide land to the Administration without cost for
            an air traffic control facility.''.
        SEC. 148. RECYCLING PLANS; UNCATEGORIZED SMALL AIRPORTS.
        (a) Project Grant Application Approval.--Section 47106(a) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``that includes the
        project'' before ``, the master plan'';
            (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) if the project is at an airport that is listed as having
        an unclassified status under the most recent national plan of
        integrated airport systems (as described in section 47103), the
        project will be funded with an amount appropriated under section
        47114(d)(3)(B) and is--
                ``(A) for maintenance of the pavement of the primary
            runway;
                ``(B) for obstruction removal for the primary runway;
                ``(C) for the rehabilitation of the primary runway; or
                ``(D) for a project that the Secretary considers necessary
            for the safe operation of the airport.''.
        (b) Nonprimary Apportionment.--Section 47114(d)(3) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(C) During fiscal years 2019 and 2020--
                    ``(i) an airport that accrued apportionment funds under
                subparagraph (A) in fiscal year 2013 that is listed as
                having an unclassified status under the most recent
                national plan of integrated airport systems shall continue
                to accrue apportionment funds under subparagraph (A) at the
                same amount the airport accrued apportionment funds in
                fiscal year 2013, subject to the conditions of this
                paragraph;
                    ``(ii) notwithstanding the period of availability as
                described in section 47117(b), an amount apportioned to an
                airport under clause (i) shall be available to the airport
                only during the fiscal year in which the amount is
                apportioned; and
                    ``(iii) notwithstanding the waiver permitted under
                section 47117(c)(2), an airport receiving apportionment
                funds under clause (i) may not waive its claim to any part
                of the apportioned funds in order to make the funds
                available for a grant for another public-use airport.
                ``(D) An airport that re-establishes its classified status
            shall be eligible to accrue apportionment funds pursuant to
            subparagraph (A) so long as such airport retains its classified
            status.''.
        SEC. 149. EVALUATION OF AIRPORT MASTER PLANS.
        Section 47106 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(h) Evaluation of Airport Master Plans.--When evaluating the
    master plan of an airport for purposes of this subchapter, the
    Secretary shall take into account--
            ``(1) the role the airport plays with respect to medical
        emergencies and evacuations; and
            ``(2) the role the airport plays in emergency or disaster
        preparedness in the community served by the airport.''.
        SEC. 150. DEFINITION OF SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN.
        Section 47113(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
            ``(1) `small business concern'--
                ``(A) has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the
            Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632); but
                ``(B) in the case of a concern in the construction
            industry, a concern shall be considered a small business
            concern if the concern meets the size standard for the North
            American Industry Classification System Code 237310, as
            adjusted by the Small Business Administration;''.
        SEC. 151. SMALL AIRPORT REGULATION RELIEF.
        Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:
                ``(F) Special rule for fiscal years 2018 through 2020.--
            Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) and subject to subparagraph
            (G), the Secretary shall apportion to a sponsor of an airport
            under that subparagraph for each of fiscal years 2018 through
            2020 an amount based on the number of passenger boardings at
            the airport during calendar year 2012 if the airport--
                    ``(i) had 10,000 or more passenger boardings during
                calendar year 2012;
                    ``(ii) had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings during
                the calendar year used to calculate the apportionment for
                fiscal year 2018, 2019, or 2020, as applicable, under
                subparagraph (A); and
                    ``(iii) had scheduled air service at any point in the
                calendar year used to calculate the apportionment.
                ``(G) Limitations and waivers.--The authority to make
            apportionments in the manner prescribed in subparagraph (F) may
            be utilized no more than 3 years in a row. The Secretary may
            waive this limitation if the Secretary determines that an
            airport's enplanements are substantially close to 10,000
            enplanements and the airport sponsor or affected communities
            are taking reasonable steps to restore enplanements above
            10,000.
                ``(H) Minimum apportionment for commercial service airports
            with more than 8,000 passenger boardings in a calendar year.--
            Not less than $600,000 may be apportioned under subparagraph
            (A) for each fiscal year to each sponsor of a commercial
            service airport that had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings,
            but at least 8,000 passenger boardings, during the prior
            calendar year.''.
        SEC. 152. CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN CONTROL TOWERS.
        Section 47116(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Control tower construction.--Notwithstanding section
        47124(b)(4)(A), the Secretary may provide grants under this section
        to an airport sponsor participating in the contract tower program
        under section 47124 for the construction or improvement of a
        nonapproach control tower, as defined by the Secretary, and for the
        acquisition and installation of air traffic control,
        communications, and related equipment to be used in that tower.
        Such grants shall be subject to the distribution requirements of
        subsection (b) and the eligibility requirements of section
        47124(b)(4)(B).''.
        SEC. 153. NONDISCRIMINATION.
        Section 47123 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Secretary of Transportation'' and
        inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Indian Employment.--
            ``(1) Tribal sponsor preference.--Consistent with section
        703(i) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(i)),
        nothing in this section shall preclude the preferential employment
        of Indians living on or near a reservation on a project or contract
        at--
                ``(A) an airport sponsored by an Indian tribal government;
            or
                ``(B) an airport located on an Indian reservation.
            ``(2) State preference.--A State may implement a preference for
        employment of Indians on a project carried out under this
        subchapter near an Indian reservation.
            ``(3) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consult with Indian
        tribal governments and cooperate with the States to implement this
        subsection.
            ``(4) Indian tribal government defined.--In this section, the
        term `Indian tribal government' has the same meaning given that
        term in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).''.
        SEC. 154. DEFINITION OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT.
        Section 47116(d)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
            ``(2) Airport development for eligible mountaintop airports.--
        In making grants to sponsors described in subsection (b), the
        Secretary shall give priority consideration to mass grading and
        associated structural support (including access road, duct banks,
        and other related infrastructure) at mountaintop airports, provided
        that the airport would not otherwise have sufficient surface area
        for--
                ``(A) eligible and justified airport development projects;
            or
                ``(B) additional hangar space.''.
        SEC. 155. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORT EXPIRED FUNDS.
        Section 47117(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``An amount'' and inserting ``(1) In general.--
        An amount'';
            (2) by striking ``If the amount'' and inserting ``Except as
        provided in paragraph (2), if the amount''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Expired amounts apportioned for general aviation
        airports.--
                ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B),
            if an amount apportioned under section 47114(d) is not
            obligated within the time specified in paragraph (1), that
            amount shall be added to the discretionary fund under section
            47115 of this title, provided that--
                    ``(i) amounts made available under paragraph (2)(A)
                shall be used for grants for projects in accordance with
                section 47115(d)(2) at airports eligible to receive an
                apportionment under section 47114(d)(2) or (3)(A),
                whichever is applicable; and
                    ``(ii) amounts made available under paragraph (2)(A)
                that are not obligated by July 1 of the fiscal year in
                which the funds will expire shall be made available for all
                projects in accordance with section 47115(d)(2).
                ``(B) State block grant program.--If an amount apportioned
            to an airport under section 47114(d)(3)(A) is not obligated
            within the time specified in paragraph (1), and the airport is
            located in a State participating in the State block grant
            program under section 47128, the amount shall be made available
            to that State under the same conditions as if the State had
            been apportioned the amount under section 47114(d)(3)(B).''.
        SEC. 156. PRIORITY REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN COLD WEATHER
          STATES.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration, to the extent practicable, shall schedule the
    Administrator's review of construction projects so that projects to be
    carried out in the States in which the weather during a typical
    calendar year prevents major construction projects from being carried
    out before May 1 are reviewed as early as possible.
        (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide a briefing to the
    appropriate committees of Congress annually on the effectiveness of the
    review and prioritization.
        (c) Technical Amendment.--Section 154 of the FAA Modernization and
    Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47112 note) and the item relating to that
    section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126
    Stat. 13) are repealed.
        SEC. 157. MINORITY AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PARTICIPATION.
        (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) While significant progress has occurred due to the
        establishment of the airport disadvantaged business enterprise
        program (sections 47107(e) and 47113 of title 49, United States
        Code), discrimination and related barriers continue to pose
        significant obstacles for minority- and women-owned businesses
        seeking to do business in airport-related markets across the
        Nation. These continuing barriers merit the continuation of the
        airport disadvantaged business enterprise program.
            (2) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and
        documentation of race and gender discrimination from numerous
        sources, including congressional hearings and roundtables,
        scientific reports, reports issued by public and private agencies,
        news stories, reports of discrimination by organizations and
        individuals, and discrimination lawsuits. This testimony and
        documentation shows that race- and gender-neutral efforts alone are
        insufficient to address the problem.
            (3) This testimony and documentation demonstrates that
        discrimination across the Nation poses a barrier to full and fair
        participation in airport-related businesses of women business
        owners and minority business owners in the racial groups detailed
        in parts 23 and 26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and
        has impacted firm development and many aspects of airport-related
        business in the public and private markets.
            (4) This testimony and documentation provides a strong basis
        that there is a compelling need for the continuation of the airport
        disadvantaged business enterprise program and the airport
        concessions disadvantaged business enterprise program to address
        race and gender discrimination in airport-related business.
        (b) Prompt Payments.--
            (1) Reporting of complaints.--Not later than 120 days after the
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
        Aviation Administration shall ensure that each airport that
        participates in the Program tracks, and reports to the
        Administrator, the number of covered complaints made in relation to
        activities at that airport.
            (2) Improving compliance.--
                (A) In general.--The Administrator shall take actions to
            assess and improve compliance with prompt payment requirements
            under part 26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (B) Contents of assessment.--In carrying out subparagraph
            (A), the Administrator shall assess--
                    (i) whether requirements relating to the inclusion of
                prompt payment language in contracts are being satisfied;
                    (ii) whether and how airports are enforcing prompt
                payment requirements;
                    (iii) the processes by which covered complaints are
                received and resolved by airports;
                    (iv) whether improvements need to be made to--

                        (I) better track covered complaints received by
                    airports; and
                        (II) assist the resolution of covered complaints in
                    a timely manner;

                    (v) whether changes to prime contractor specifications
                need to be made to ensure prompt payments to
                subcontractors; and,
                    (vi) whether changes to prime contractor specifications
                need to be made to ensure prompt payment of retainage to
                subcontractors.
                (C) Reporting.--The Administrator shall make available to
            the public on an appropriate website operated by the
            Administrator a report describing the results of the assessment
            completed under this paragraph, including a plan to respond to
            such results.
            (3) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions
        apply:
                (A) Covered complaint.--The term ``covered complaint''
            means a complaint relating to an alleged failure to satisfy a
            prompt payment requirement under part 26 of title 49, Code of
            Federal Regulations.
                (B) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the airport
            disadvantaged business enterprise program referenced in
            subsection (a)(1) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of
            2012 (49 U.S.C. 47113 note).
        SEC. 158. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCRETIONARY FUNDS.
        Section 47115 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Supplemental Discretionary Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to
        provide grants, subject to the conditions of this subsection, for
        any purpose for which amounts are made available under section
        48103 that the Secretary considers most appropriate to carry out
        this subchapter.
            ``(2) Treatment of grants.--
                ``(A) In general.--A grant made under this subsection shall
            be treated as having been made pursuant to the Secretary's
            authority under section 47104(a) and from the Secretary's
            discretionary fund under subsection (a) of this section.
                ``(B) Exception.--Except as otherwise provided in this
            subsection, grants made under this subsection shall not be
            subject to subsection (c), section 47117(e), or any other
            apportionment formula, special apportionment category, or
            minimum percentage set forth in this chapter.
            ``(3) Eligibility and prioritization.--
                ``(A) Eligibility.--The Secretary may provide grants under
            this subsection for an airport or terminal development project
            at any airport that is eligible to receive a grant from the
            discretionary fund under subsection (a) of this section.
                ``(B) Prioritization.--Not less than 50 percent of the
            amounts available under this subsection shall used to provide
            grants at--
                    ``(i) airports that are eligible for apportionment
                under section 47114(d)(3); and
                    ``(ii) nonhub and small hub airports.
            ``(4) Authorization.--
                ``(A) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated
            to the Secretary to carry out this subsection the following
            amounts:
                    ``(i) $1,020,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                    ``(ii) $1,041,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                    ``(iii) $1,064,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                    ``(iv) $1,087,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                    ``(v) $1,110,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
                ``(B) Availability.--Sums authorized to be appropriated
            under subparagraph (A) shall remain available for 2 fiscal
            years.''.
        SEC. 159. STATE TAXATION.
        (a) In General.--Section 40116(d)(2)(A) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(v) except as otherwise provided under section 47133, levy or
        collect a tax, fee, or charge, first taking effect after the date
        of enactment of this clause, upon any business located at a
        commercial service airport or operating as a permittee of such an
        airport that is not generally imposed on sales or services by that
        State, political subdivision, or authority unless wholly utilized
        for airport or aeronautical purposes.''.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section or an amendment
    made by this section shall affect a change to a rate or other provision
    of a tax, fee, or charge under section 40116 of title 49, United States
    Code, that was enacted prior to the date of enactment of this Act. Such
    provision of a tax, fee, or charge shall continue to be subject to the
    requirements to which such provision was subject under that section as
    in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.
        SEC. 160. AIRPORT INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--Section 47134 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Airport
        investment partnership program'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``, with respect to not more
        than 10 airports,'';
            (3) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``The Secretary may grant
        an exemption to a sponsor'' and inserting ``If the Secretary grants
        an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary
        shall grant an exemption to the sponsor'';
            (4) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``The Secretary may grant
        an exemption to a purchaser or lessee'' and inserting ``If the
        Secretary grants an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to paragraph
        (1), the Secretary shall grant an exemption to the corresponding
        purchaser or lessee'';
            (5) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
        ``(d) Program Participation.--
            ``(1) Multiple airports.--The Secretary may consider
        applications under this section submitted by a public airport
        sponsor for multiple airports under the control of the sponsor if
        all airports under the control of the sponsor are located in the
        same State.
            ``(2) Partial privatization.--A purchaser or lessee may be an
        entity in which a sponsor has an interest.''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (l) and (m) and inserting the
        following:
        ``(l) Predevelopment Limitation.--A grant to an airport sponsor
    under this subchapter for predevelopment planning costs relating to the
    preparation of an application or proposed application under this
    section may not exceed $750,000 per application or proposed
    application.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    47134 and inserting the following:

    ``47134. Airport investment partnership program.''.
        SEC. 161. REMOTE TOWER PILOT PROGRAM FOR RURAL AND SMALL
          COMMUNITIES.
        (a) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration shall establish--
                (A) in consultation with airport operators and other
            aviation stakeholders, a pilot program at public-use airports
            to construct and operate remote towers in order to assess their
            operational benefits;
                (B) a selection process for participation in the pilot
            program; and
                (C) a clear process for the safety and operational
            certification of the remote towers.
            (2) Safety considerations.--
                (A) Safety risk management panel.--Prior to the operational
            use of a remote tower under the pilot program established in
            subsection (a), the Administrator shall convene a safety risk
            management panel for the tower to address any safety issues
            with respect to the tower. The panels shall be created and
            utilized in a manner similar to that of the safety risk
            management panels previously convened for remote towers and
            shall take into account existing best practices and operational
            data from existing remote towers in the United States.
                (B) Consultation.--In establishing the pilot program, the
            Administrator shall consult with operators of remote towers in
            the United States and foreign countries to design the pilot
            program in a manner that leverages as many safety and airspace
            efficiency benefits as possible.
            (3) Applications.--The operator of an airport seeking to
        participate in the pilot program shall submit to the Administrator
        an application that is in such form and contains such information
        as the Administrator may require.
            (4) Program design.--In designing the pilot program, the
        Administrator shall--
                (A) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that at least
            2 different vendors of remote tower systems participate;
                (B) identify which air traffic control information and data
            will assist the Administrator in evaluating the feasibility,
            safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers;
                (C) implement processes necessary to collect the
            information and data identified in subparagraph (B);
                (D) develop criteria, in addition to considering possible
            selection criteria in paragraph (5), for the selection of
            airports that will best assist the Administrator in evaluating
            the feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers,
            including the amount and variety of air traffic at an airport;
            and
                (E) prioritize the selection of airports that can best
            demonstrate the capabilities and benefits of remote towers,
            including applicants proposing to operate multiple remote
            towers from a single facility.
            (5) Selection criteria for consideration.--In selecting
        airports for participation in the pilot program, the Administrator,
        after consultation with representatives of labor organizations
        representing operators and employees of the air traffic control
        system, shall consider for participation in the pilot program--
                (A) 1 nonhub airport;
                (B) 3 airports that are not primary airports and that do
            not have existing air traffic control towers;
                (C) 1 airport that participates in the Contract Tower
            Program; and
                (D) 1 airport selected at the discretion of the
            Administrator.
            (6) Data.--The Administrator shall clearly identify and collect
        air traffic control information and data from participating
        airports that will assist the Administrator in evaluating the
        feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers.
            (7) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the first
        remote tower is operational, and annually thereafter, the
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
        Congress a report--
                (A) detailing any benefits, costs, or safety improvements
            associated with the use of the remote towers; and
                (B) evaluating the feasibility of using remote towers,
            particularly in the Contract Tower Program, for airports
            without an air traffic control tower, to improve safety at
            airports with towers, or to reduce costs without impacting
            safety at airports with or without existing towers.
            (8) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall select airports for
        participation in the pilot program.
            (9) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                (A) Contract tower program.--The term ``Contract Tower
            Program'' has the meaning given the term in section 47124(e) of
            title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
                (B) Remote tower.--The term ``remote tower'' means a
            remotely operated air navigation facility, including all
            necessary system components, that provides the functions and
            capabilities of an air traffic control tower whereby air
            traffic services are provided to operators at an airport from a
            location that may not be on or near the airport.
                (C) Other definitions.--The terms ``nonhub airport'',
            ``primary airport'', and ``public-use airport'' have the
            meanings given such terms in section 47102 of title 49, United
            States Code.
            (10) Sunset.--This subsection, including the report required
        under paragraph (8), shall not be in effect after September 30,
        2023.
        (b) Remote Tower Program.--Concurrent with the establishment of the
    process for safety and operational certification of remote towers under
    subsection (a)(1)(C), the Administrator shall establish a process to
    authorize the construction and commissioning of additional remote
    towers that are certificated under subsection (a)(1)(C) at other
    airports.
        (c) AIP Funding Eligibility.--For purposes of the pilot program
    under subsection (a), and after certificated remote towers are
    available under subsection (b), constructing a remote tower or
    acquiring and installing air traffic control, communications, or
    related equipment specifically for a remote tower shall be considered
    airport development (as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United
    States Code) for purposes of subchapter I of chapter 471 of that title
    if the components are installed and used at the airport, except, as
    needed, for off-airport sensors installed on leased towers.
        SEC. 162. AIRPORT ACCESS ROADS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS.
        Notwithstanding section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, for
    fiscal years 2018 through 2023--
            (1) the definition of the term ``airport development'' under
        that section includes the construction of a storage facility to
        shelter snow removal equipment or aircraft rescue and firefighting
        equipment that is owned by an airport sponsor and used exclusively
        to maintain safe airfield operations, up to the facility size
        necessary to accommodate the types and quantities of equipment
        prescribed by the FAA, regardless of whether Federal funding was
        used to acquire the equipment;
            (2) a storage facility to shelter snow removal equipment may
        exceed the facility size limitation described in paragraph (1) if
        the airport sponsor certifies to the Secretary that the following
        conditions are met:
                (A) The storage facility to be constructed will be used to
            store snow removal equipment exclusively used for clearing
            airfield pavement of snow and ice following a weather event.
                (B) The airport is categorized as a local general aviation
            airport in the Federal Aviation Administration's 2017-2021
            National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) report.
                (C) The 30-year annual snowfall normal of the nearest
            weather station based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
            Administration Summary of Monthly Normals 1981-2010 exceeds 26
            inches.
                (D) The airport serves as a base for a medical air
            ambulance transport aircraft.
                (E) The airport master record (Form 5010-1) effective on
            September 14, 2017 for the airport indicates 45 based aircraft
            consisting of single engine, multiple engine, and jet engine
            aircraft.
                (F) No funding under this section will be used for any
            portion of the storage facility designed to shelter maintenance
            and operations equipment that are not required for clearing
            airfield pavement of snow and ice.
                (G) The airport sponsor will complete design of the storage
            building not later than September 30, 2019, and will initiate
            construction of the storage building not later than September
            30, 2020.
                (H) The area of the storage facility, or portion thereof,
            to be funded under this subsection does not exceed 6,000 square
            feet; and
            (3) the definition of the term ``terminal development'' under
        that section includes the development of an airport access road
        that--
                (A) is located in a noncontiguous State;
                (B) is not more than 5 miles in length;
                (C) connects to the nearest public roadways of not more
            than the 2 closest census designated places; and
                (D) may provide incidental access to public or private
            property that is adjacent to the road and is not otherwise
            connected to a public road.
        SEC. 163. LIMITED REGULATION OF NON-FEDERALLY SPONSORED PROPERTY.
        (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the
    Secretary of Transportation may not directly or indirectly regulate--
            (1) the acquisition, use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or
        disposal of land by an airport owner or operator;
            (2) any facility upon such land; or
            (3) any portion of such land or facility.
        (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) does not apply to--
            (1) any regulation ensuring--
                (A) the safe and efficient operation of aircraft or safety
            of people and property on the ground related to aircraft
            operations;
                (B) that an airport owner or operator receives not less
            than fair market value in the context of a commercial
            transaction for the use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or
            disposal of land, any facilities on such land, or any portion
            of such land or facilities; or
                (C) that the airport pays not more than fair market value
            in the context of a commercial transaction for the acquisition
            of land or facilities on such land;
            (2) any regulation imposed with respect to land or a facility
        acquired or modified using Federal funding; or
            (3) any authority contained in--
                (A) a Surplus Property Act instrument of transfer, or
                (B) section 40117 of title 49, United States Code.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to affect the applicability of sections 47107(b) or 47133 of
    title 49, United States Code, to revenues generated by the use, lease,
    encumbrance, transfer, or disposal of land under subsection (a),
    facilities upon such land, or any portion of such land or facilities.
        (d) Amendments to Airport Layout Plans.--Section 47107(a)(16) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
                ``(B) the Secretary will review and approve or disapprove
            only those portions of the plan (or any subsequent revision to
            the plan) that materially impact the safe and efficient
            operation of aircraft at, to, or from the airport or that would
            adversely affect the safety of people or property on the ground
            adjacent to the airport as a result of aircraft operations, or
            that adversely affect the value of prior Federal investments to
            a significant extent;'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``if the alteration'' and
        all that follows through ``airport; and'' and inserting the
        following: ``unless the alteration--
                    ``(i) is outside the scope of the Secretary's review
                and approval authority as set forth in subparagraph (B); or
                    ``(ii) complies with the portions of the plan approved
                by the Secretary; and''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (D), in the matter preceding clause (i), by
        striking ``when an alternation'' and all that follows through
        ``Secretary, will'' and inserting ``when an alteration in the
        airport or its facility is made that is within the scope of the
        Secretary's review and approval authority as set forth in
        subparagraph (B), and does not conform with the portions of the
        plan approved by the Secretary, and the Secretary decides that the
        alteration adversely affects the safety, utility, or efficiency of
        aircraft operations, or of any property on or off the airport that
        is owned, leased, or financed by the Government, then the owner or
        operator will, if requested by the Secretary''.
        SEC. 164. SEASONAL AIRPORTS.
        Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by
    this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(I) Seasonal airports.--Notwithstanding section 47102, if
            the Secretary determines that a commercial service airport with
            at least 8,000 passenger boardings receives scheduled air
            carrier service for fewer than 6 months in the calendar year
            used to calculate apportionments to airport sponsors in a
            fiscal year, then the Secretary shall consider the airport to
            be a nonhub primary airport for purposes of this chapter.''.
        SEC. 165. AMENDMENTS TO DEFINITIONS.
        Section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                (A) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``7505a) and if such
            project will result in an airport receiving appropriate'' and
            inserting ``7505a)) and if the airport would be able to
            receive'';
                (B) by striking subparagraph (L) and inserting the
            following:
                ``(L) a project by a commercial service airport for the
            acquisition of airport-owned vehicles or ground support
            equipment equipped with low-emission technology if the airport
            is located in an air quality nonattainment or maintenance area
            (as defined in sections 171(2) and 175A of the Clean Air Act
            (42 U.S.C. 7501(2); 7505a)), if the airport would be able to
            receive appropriate emission credits (as described in section
            47139), and the vehicles are;
                    ``(i) used exclusively on airport property; or
                    ``(ii) used exclusively to transport passengers and
                employees between the airport and the airport's
                consolidated rental car facility or an intermodal surface
                transportation facility adjacent to the airport.''; and
                (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(P) an on-airport project to improve the reliability and
            efficiency of the airport's power supply and to prevent power
            disruptions to the airfield, passenger terminal, and any other
            airport facilities, including the acquisition and installation
            of electrical generators, separation of the airport's main
            power supply from its redundant power supply, and the
            construction or modification of airport facilities to install a
            microgrid (as defined in section 641 of the United States
            Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231)).
                ``(Q) converting or retrofitting vehicles and ground
            support equipment into eligible zero-emission vehicles and
            equipment (as defined in section 47136) and for acquiring, by
            purchase or lease, eligible zero-emission vehicles and
            equipment.
                ``(R) predevelopment planning, including financial, legal,
            or procurement consulting services, related to an application
            or proposed application for an exemption under section
            47134.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``regulations'' and inserting
        ``requirements''; and
            (3) in paragraph (8), by striking ``public'' and inserting
        ``public-use''.
        SEC. 166. PILOT PROGRAM SUNSETS.
        (a) In General.--Sections 47136 and 47140 of title 49, United
    States Code, are repealed.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Sections 47136a and 47140a of title 49, United States Code,
        are redesignated as sections 47136 and 47140, respectively.
            (2) Section 47139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (A) by striking subsection (c); and
                (B) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).
        (c) Clerical Amendments.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the items relating to sections 47136, 47136a,
        47140, and 47140a;
            (2) by inserting after the item relating to section 47135 the
        following:

    ``47136. Zero-emission airport vehicles and infrastructure.''; and

            (3) by inserting after the item relating to section 47139 the
        following:

    ``47140. Increasing the energy efficiency of airport power sources.''.
        SEC. 167. BUY AMERICA REQUIREMENTS.
        (a) Notice of Waivers.--If the Secretary of Transportation
    determines that it is necessary to waive the application of section
    50101(a) of title 49, United States Code, based on a finding under
    section 50101(b) of that title, the Secretary, at least 10 days before
    the date on which the waiver takes effect, shall--
            (1) make publicly available, in an easily identifiable location
        on the website of the Department of Transportation, a detailed
        written justification of the waiver determination; and
            (2) provide an informal public notice and comment opportunity
        on the waiver determination.
        (b) Annual Report.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on waivers
    issued under section 50101 of title 49, United States Code, during the
    fiscal year.

            Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

        SEC. 171. FUNDING ELIGIBILITY FOR AIRPORT ENERGY EFFICIENCY
          ASSESSMENTS.
        (a) Cost Reimbursements.--Section 47140(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, as so redesignated, is amended by striking ``airport.''
    and inserting ``airport, and to reimburse the airport sponsor for the
    costs incurred in conducting the assessment.''.
        (b) Safety Priority.--Section 47140(b)(2) of title 49, United
    States Code, as so redesignated, is amended by inserting ``, including
    a certification that no safety projects are being be deferred by
    requesting a grant under this section,'' after ``an application''.
        SEC. 172. AUTHORIZATION OF CERTAIN FLIGHTS BY STAGE 2 AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding chapter 475 of title 49, United
    States Code, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall initiate a pilot program to permit an operator of a stage 2
    aircraft to operate that aircraft in nonrevenue service into not more
    than 4 medium hub airports or nonhub airports if--
            (1) the airport--
                (A) is certified under part 139 of title 14, Code of
            Federal Regulations;
                (B) has a runway that--
                    (i) is longer than 8,000 feet and not less than 200
                feet wide; and
                    (ii) is load bearing with a pavement classification
                number of not less than 38; and
                (C) has a maintenance facility with a maintenance
            certificate issued under part 145 of such title; and
            (2) the operator of the stage 2 aircraft operates not more than
        10 flights per month using that aircraft.
        (b) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the earlier
    of--
            (1) the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment
        of this Act; or
            (2) the date on which the Administrator determines that no
        stage 2 aircraft remain in service.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Medium hub airport; nonhub airport.--The terms ``medium hub
        airport'' and ``nonhub airport'' have the meanings given those
        terms in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Stage 2 aircraft.--The term ``stage 2 aircraft'' has the
        meaning given the term ``stage 2 airplane'' in section 91.851 of
        title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the day
        before the date of the enactment of this Act).
        SEC. 173. ALTERNATIVE AIRPLANE NOISE METRIC EVALUATION DEADLINE.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall complete the
    ongoing evaluation of alternative metrics to the current Day Night
    Level (DNL) 65 standard.
        SEC. 174. UPDATING AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE MAPS.
        Section 47503(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
        ``(b) Revised Maps.--
            ``(1) In general.--An airport operator that submits a noise
        exposure map under subsection (a) shall submit a revised map to the
        Secretary if, in an area surrounding an airport, a change in the
        operation of the airport would establish a substantial new
        noncompatible use, or would significantly reduce noise over
        existing noncompatible uses, that is not reflected in either the
        existing conditions map or forecast map currently on file with the
        Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Timing.--A submission under paragraph (1) shall be
        required only if the relevant change in the operation of the
        airport occurs during--
                ``(A) the forecast period of the applicable noise exposure
            map submitted by an airport operator under subsection (a); or
                ``(B) the implementation period of the airport operator's
            noise compatibility program.''.
        SEC. 175. ADDRESSING COMMUNITY NOISE CONCERNS.
        When proposing a new area navigation departure procedure, or
    amending an existing procedure that would direct aircraft between the
    surface and 6,000 feet above ground level over noise sensitive areas,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall consider
    the feasibility of dispersal headings or other lateral track variations
    to address community noise concerns, if--
            (1) the affected airport operator, in consultation with the
        affected community, submits a request to the Administrator for such
        a consideration;
            (2) the airport operator's request would not, in the judgment
        of the Administrator, conflict with the safe and efficient
        operation of the national airspace system; and
            (3) the effect of a modified departure procedure would not
        significantly increase noise over noise sensitive areas, as
        determined by the Administrator.
        SEC. 176. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FAA NEXTGEN PROJECTS LOCATED IN
          METROPLEXES.
        (a) Community Involvement Policy.--Not later than 180 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall complete a review of the Federal Aviation
    Administration's community involvement practices for Next Generation
    Air Transportation System (NextGen) projects located in metroplexes
    identified by the Administration. The review shall include, at a
    minimum, a determination of how and when to engage airports and
    communities in performance-based navigation proposals.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 60 days after completion of the review,
    the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on--
            (1) how the Administration will improve community involvement
        practices for NextGen projects located in metroplexes;
            (2) how and when the Administration will engage airports and
        communities in performance-based navigation proposals; and
            (3) lessons learned from NextGen projects and pilot programs
        and how those lessons learned are being integrated into community
        involvement practices for future NextGen projects located in
        metroplexes.
        SEC. 177. LEAD EMISSIONS.
        (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into
    appropriate arrangements with the National Academies of Sciences,
    Engineering, and Medicine under which the National Research Council
    will study aviation gasoline.
        (b) Contents.--The study shall include an assessment of--
            (1) existing non-leaded fuel alternatives to the aviation
        gasoline used by piston-powered general aviation aircraft;
            (2) ambient lead concentrations at and around airports where
        piston-powered general aviation aircraft are used; and
            (3) mitigation measures to reduce ambient lead concentrations,
        including increasing the size of run-up areas, relocating run-up
        areas, imposing restrictions on aircraft using aviation gasoline,
        and increasing the use of motor gasoline in piston-powered general
        aviation aircraft.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress the study developed by the National Research
    Council pursuant to this section.
        SEC. 178. TERMINAL SEQUENCING AND SPACING.
        Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall provide a
    briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress on the status of
    Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS) implementation across all
    completed NextGen metroplexes with specific information provided by
    airline regarding the adoption and equipping of aircraft and the
    training of pilots in its use.
        SEC. 179. AIRPORT NOISE MITIGATION AND SAFETY STUDY.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall initiate a study to review and evaluate existing studies and
    analyses of the relationship between jet aircraft approach and takeoff
    speeds and corresponding noise impacts on communities surrounding
    airports.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study initiated under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall determine--
            (1) whether a decrease in jet aircraft approach or takeoff
        speeds results in significant aircraft noise reductions;
            (2) whether the jet aircraft approach or takeoff speed
        reduction necessary to achieve significant noise reductions--
                (A) jeopardizes aviation safety; or
                (B) decreases the efficiency of the National Airspace
            System, including lowering airport capacity, increasing travel
            times, or increasing fuel burn;
            (3) the advisability of using jet aircraft approach or takeoff
        speeds as a noise mitigation technique; and
            (4) if the Administrator determines that using jet aircraft
        approach or takeoff speeds as a noise mitigation technique is
        advisable, whether any of the metropolitan areas specifically
        identified in section 189(b)(2) would benefit from such a noise
        mitigation technique without a significant impact to aviation
        safety or the efficiency of the National Airspace System.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the results of the study initiated under
    subsection (a).
        SEC. 180. REGIONAL OMBUDSMEN.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, with respect to each region of the Federal Aviation
    Administration, the Regional Administrator for that region shall
    designate an individual to be the Regional Ombudsman for the region.
        (b) Requirements.--Each Regional Ombudsman shall--
            (1) serve as a regional liaison with the public, including
        community groups, on issues regarding aircraft noise, pollution,
        and safety;
            (2) make recommendations to the Administrator for the region to
        address concerns raised by the public and improve the consideration
        of public comments in decision-making processes; and
            (3) be consulted on proposed changes in aircraft operations
        affecting the region, including arrival and departure routes, in
        order to minimize environmental impacts, including noise.
        SEC. 181. FAA LEADERSHIP ON CIVIL SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall exercise leadership in the creation of Federal and
    international policies, regulations, and standards relating to the
    certification and safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic
    aircraft.
        (b) Exercise of Leadership.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the needs of the aerospace industry and other
        stakeholders when creating policies, regulations, and standards
        that enable the safe commercial deployment of civil supersonic
        aircraft technology and the safe and efficient operation of civil
        supersonic aircraft; and
            (2) obtain the input of aerospace industry stakeholders
        regarding--
                (A) the appropriate regulatory framework and timeline for
            permitting the safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic
            aircraft within United States airspace, including updating or
            modifying existing regulations on such operation;
                (B) issues related to standards and regulations for the
            type certification and safe operation of civil supersonic
            aircraft, including noise certification, including--
                    (i) the operational differences between subsonic
                aircraft and supersonic aircraft;
                    (ii) costs and benefits associated with landing and
                takeoff noise requirements for civil supersonic aircraft,
                including impacts on aircraft emissions;
                    (iii) public and economic benefits of the operation of
                civil supersonic aircraft and associated aerospace industry
                activity; and
                    (iv) challenges relating to ensuring that standards and
                regulations aimed at relieving and protecting the public
                health and welfare from aircraft noise and sonic booms are
                economically reasonable, technologically practicable, and
                appropriate for civil supersonic aircraft; and
                (C) other issues identified by the Administrator or the
            aerospace industry that must be addressed to enable the safe
            commercial deployment and safe and efficient operation of civil
            supersonic aircraft.
        (c) International Leadership.--The Administrator, in the
    appropriate international forums, shall take actions that--
            (1) demonstrate global leadership under subsection (a);
            (2) address the needs of the aerospace industry identified
        under subsection (b); and
            (3) protect the public health and welfare.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing--
            (1) the Administrator's actions to exercise leadership in the
        creation of Federal and international policies, regulations, and
        standards relating to the certification and safe and efficient
        operation of civil supersonic aircraft;
            (2) planned, proposed, and anticipated actions to update or
        modify existing policies and regulations related to civil
        supersonic aircraft, including those identified as a result of
        industry consultation and feedback; and
            (3) a timeline for any actions to be taken to update or modify
        existing policies and regulations related to civil supersonic
        aircraft.
        (e) Long-term Regulatory Reform.--
            (1) Noise standards.--Not later than March 31, 2020, the
        Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to revise
        part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to include
        supersonic aircraft in the applicability of such part. The proposed
        rule shall include necessary definitions, noise standards for
        landing and takeoff, and noise test requirements that would apply
        to a civil supersonic aircraft.
            (2) Special flight authorizations.--Not later than December 31,
        2019, the Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking
        to revise appendix B of part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal
        Regulations, to modernize the application process for a person
        applying to operate a civil aircraft at supersonic speeds for the
        purposes stated in that rule.
        (f) Near-Term Certification of Supersonic Civil Aircraft.--
            (1) In general.--If a person submits an application requesting
        type certification of a civil supersonic aircraft pursuant to part
        21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, before the
        Administrator promulgates a final rule amending part 36 of title
        14, Code of Federal Regulations, in accordance with subsection
        (e)(1), the Administrator shall, not later than 18 months after
        having received such application, issue a notice of proposed
        rulemaking applicable solely for the type certification, inclusive
        of the aircraft engines, of the supersonic aircraft design for
        which such application was made.
            (2) Contents.--A notice of proposed rulemaking described in
        paragraph (1) shall--
                (A) address safe operation of the aircraft type, including
            development and flight testing prior to type certification;
                (B) address manufacturing of the aircraft;
                (C) address continuing airworthiness of the aircraft;
                (D) specify landing and takeoff noise standards for that
            aircraft type that the Administrator considers appropriate,
            practicable, and consistent with section 44715 of title 49,
            United States Code; and
                (E) consider differences between subsonic and supersonic
            aircraft including differences in thrust requirements at
            equivalent gross weight, engine requirements, aerodynamic
            characteristics, operational characteristics, and other
            physical properties.
            (3) Noise and performance data.--The requirement of the
        Administrator to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking under
        paragraph (1) shall apply only if an application contains
        sufficient aircraft noise and performance data as the Administrator
        finds necessary to determine appropriate noise standards and
        operating limitations for the aircraft type consistent with section
        44715 of title 49, United States Code.
            (4) Final rule.--Not later than 18 months after the end of the
        public comment period provided in the notice of proposed rulemaking
        required under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall publish in
        the Federal Register a final rule applying solely to the aircraft
        model submitted for type certification.
            (5) Review of rules of civil supersonic flights.--Beginning
        December 31, 2020, and every 2 years thereafter, the Administrator
        shall review available aircraft noise and performance data, and
        consult with heads of appropriate Federal agencies, to determine
        whether section 91.817 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
        and Appendix B of part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
        may be amended, consistent with section 44715 of title 49, United
        States Code, to permit supersonic flight of civil aircraft over
        land in the United States.
            (6) Implementation of noise standards.--The portion of the
        regulation issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration titled ``Revision of General Operating and Flight
        Rules'' and published in the Federal Register on August 18, 1989
        (54 Fed. Reg. 34284) that restricts operation of civil aircraft at
        a true flight Mach number greater than 1 shall have no force or
        effect beginning on the date on which the Administrator publishes
        in the Federal Register a final rule specifying sonic boom noise
        standards for civil supersonic aircraft.
        SEC. 182. MANDATORY USE OF THE NEW YORK NORTH SHORE HELICOPTER
          ROUTE.
        (a) Public Comment Period.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration shall provide notice of, and an opportunity for, at
        least 60 days of public comment with respect to the regulations in
        subpart H of part 93 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (2) Timing.--The public comment period required under paragraph
        (1) shall begin not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
        of this Act.
        (b) Public Hearing.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall hold a public hearing in
    the communities impacted by the regulations described in subsection
    (a)(1) to solicit feedback with respect to the regulations.
        (c) Review.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the regulations
    described in subsection (a)(1) that assesses the--
            (1) noise impacts of the regulations for communities, including
        communities in locations where aircraft are transitioning to or
        from a destination or point of landing;
            (2) enforcement of applicable flight standards, including
        requirements for helicopters operating on the relevant route to
        remain at or above 2,500 feet mean sea level; and
            (3) availability of alternative or supplemental routes to
        reduce the noise impacts of the regulations, including the
        institution of an all water route over the Atlantic Ocean.
        SEC. 183. STATE STANDARDS FOR AIRPORT PAVEMENTS.
        Section 47105(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The Secretary''
        the first place it appears; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Pavement standards.--
                ``(A) Technical assistance.--At the request of a State, the
            Secretary shall, not later than 30 days after the date of the
            request, provide technical assistance to the State in
            developing standards, acceptable to the Secretary under
            subparagraph (B), for pavement on nonprimary public-use
            airports in the State.
                ``(B) Requirements.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(i) continue to provide technical assistance under
                subparagraph (A) until the standards are approved under
                paragraph (1); and
                    ``(ii) clearly indicate to the State the standards that
                are acceptable to the Secretary, considering, at a minimum,
                local conditions and locally available materials.''.
        SEC. 184. ELIGIBILITY OF PILOT PROGRAM AIRPORTS.
        (a) Discretionary Fund.--Section 47115 of title 49, United States
    Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Partnership Program Airports.--
            ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary may make grants with funds made
        available under this section for an airport participating in the
        program under section 47134 if--
                ``(A) the Secretary has approved the application of an
            airport sponsor under section 47134(b) in fiscal year 2019; and
                ``(B) the grant will--
                    ``(i) satisfy an obligation incurred by an airport
                sponsor under section 47110(e) or funded by a nonpublic
                sponsor for an airport development project on the airport;
                or
                    ``(ii) provide partial Federal reimbursement for
                airport development (as defined in section 47102) on the
                airport layout plan initiated in the fiscal year in which
                the application was approved, or later, for over a period
                of not more than 10 years.
            ``(2) Nonapplicability of certain sections.--Grants made under
        this subsection shall not be subject to--
                ``(A) subsection (c) of this section;
                ``(B) section 47117(e); or
                ``(C) any other apportionment formula, special
            apportionment category, or minimum percentage set forth in this
            chapter.''.
        (b) Allowable Project Costs; Letters of Intent.--Section 47110(e)
    of such title is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(7) Partnership Program Airports.--The Secretary may issue a
    letter of intent under this section to an airport sponsor with an
    approved application under section 47134(b) if--
            ``(A) the application was approved in fiscal year 2019; and
            ``(B) the project meets all other requirements set forth in
        this chapter.''.
        SEC. 185. GRANDFATHERING OF CERTAIN DEED AGREEMENTS GRANTING
          THROUGH-THE-FENCE ACCESS TO GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.
        Section 47107(s) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Exemption.--The terms and conditions of paragraph (2)
        shall not apply to an agreement described in paragraph (1) made
        before the enactment of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of
        2012 (Public Law 112-95) that the Secretary determines does not
        comply with such terms and conditions but involves property that is
        subject to deed or lease restrictions that are considered perpetual
        and that cannot readily be brought into compliance. However, if the
        Secretary determines that the airport sponsor and residential
        property owners are able to make any modification to such an
        agreement on or after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the
        exemption provided by this paragraph shall no longer apply.''.
        SEC. 186. STAGE 3 AIRCRAFT STUDY.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a
    review of the potential benefits, costs, and other impacts that would
    result from a phaseout of covered stage 3 aircraft.
        (b) Contents.--The review shall include--
            (1) a determination of the number, types, frequency of
        operations, and owners and operators of covered stage 3 aircraft;
            (2) an analysis of the potential benefits, costs, and other
        impacts to air carriers, general aviation operators, airports,
        communities surrounding airports, and the general public associated
        with phasing out or reducing the operations of covered stage 3
        aircraft, assuming such a phaseout or reduction is put into effect
        over a reasonable period of time;
            (3) a determination of lessons learned from the phaseout of
        stage 2 aircraft that might be applicable to a phaseout or
        reduction in the operations of covered stage 3 aircraft, including
        comparisons between the benefits, costs, and other impacts
        associated with the phaseout of stage 2 aircraft and the potential
        benefits, costs, and other impacts determined under paragraph (2);
            (4) a determination of the costs and logistical challenges
        associated with recertifying stage 3 aircraft capable of meeting
        stage 4 noise levels; and
            (5) a determination of stakeholder views on the feasibility and
        desirability of phasing out covered stage 3 aircraft, including the
        views of--
                (A) air carriers;
                (B) airports;
                (C) communities surrounding airports;
                (D) aircraft and avionics manufacturers;
                (E) operators of covered stage 3 aircraft other than air
            carriers; and
                (F) such other stakeholders and aviation experts as the
            Comptroller General considers appropriate.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
        (d) Covered Stage 3 Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``covered stage 3 aircraft'' means a civil subsonic jet aircraft that
    is not capable of meeting the stage 4 noise levels in part 36 of title
    14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        SEC. 187. AIRCRAFT NOISE EXPOSURE.
        (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall conclude the Administrator's ongoing review of the
    relationship between aircraft noise exposure and its effects on
    communities around airports.
        (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a
        report containing the results of the review.
            (2) Preliminary recommendations.--The report shall contain such
        preliminary recommendations as the Administrator determines
        appropriate for revising the land use compatibility guidelines in
        part 150 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, based on the
        results of the review and in coordination with other agencies.
        SEC. 188. STUDY REGARDING DAY-NIGHT AVERAGE SOUND LEVELS.
        (a) Study.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall evaluate alternative metrics to the current
    average day-night level standard, such as the use of actual noise
    sampling and other methods, to address community airplane noise
    concerns.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the results of the study under subsection (a).
        SEC. 189. STUDY ON POTENTIAL HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF
          OVERFLIGHT NOISE.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall enter into an agreement with an eligible
    institution of higher education to conduct a study on the health
    impacts of noise from aircraft flights on residents exposed to a range
    of noise levels from such flights.
        (b) Scope of Study.--The study conducted under subsection (a)
    shall--
            (1) include an examination of the incremental health impacts
        attributable to noise exposure that result from aircraft flights,
        including sleep disturbance and elevated blood pressure;
            (2) be focused on residents in the metropolitan area of--
                (A) Boston;
                (B) Chicago;
                (C) the District of Columbia;
                (D) New York;
                (E) the Northern California Metroplex;
                (F) Phoenix;
                (G) the Southern California Metroplex;
                (H) Seattle; or
                (I) such other area as may be identified by the
            Administrator;
            (3) consider, in particular, the incremental health impacts on
        residents living partly or wholly underneath flight paths most
        frequently used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower than 10,000
        feet, including during takeoff or landing;
            (4) include an assessment of the relationship between a
        perceived increase in aircraft noise, including as a result of a
        change in flight paths that increases the visibility of aircraft
        from a certain location, and an actual increase in aircraft noise,
        particularly in areas with high or variable levels of nonaircraft-
        related ambient noise; and
            (5) consider the economic harm or benefits to businesses
        located party or wholly underneath flight paths most frequently
        used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower than 10,000 feet,
        including during takeoff or landing.
        (c) Eligibility.--An institution of higher education is eligible to
    conduct the study if the institution--
            (1) has--
                (A) a school of public health that has participated in the
            Center of Excellence for Aircraft Noise and Aviation Emissions
            Mitigation of the Federal Aviation Administration; or
                (B) a center for environmental health that receives funding
            from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences;
            (2) is located in one of the areas identified in subsection
        (b);
            (3) applies to the Administrator in a timely fashion;
            (4) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that
        the institution is qualified to conduct the study;
            (5) agrees to submit to the Administrator, not later than 3
        years after entering into an agreement under subsection (a), the
        results of the study, including any source materials used; and
            (6) meets such other requirements as the Administrator
        determines necessary.
        (d) Submission of Study.--Not later than 90 days after the
    Administrator receives the results of the study, the Administrator
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the study and a
    summary of the results.
        SEC. 190. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PILOT PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may carry out a
    pilot program involving not more than 6 projects at public-use airports
    in accordance with this section.
        (b) Grants.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary may make
    grants to sponsors of public-use airports from funds apportioned under
    section 47117(e)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code.
        (c) Use of Funds.--Amounts from a grant received by the sponsor of
    a public-use airport under the program shall be used for environmental
    mitigation projects that will measurably reduce or mitigate aviation
    impacts on noise, air quality, or water quality at the airport or
    within 5 miles of the airport.
        (d) Eligibility.--Notwithstanding any other provision of chapter
    471 of title 49, United States Code, an environmental mitigation
    project approved under this section shall be treated as eligible for
    assistance under that chapter.
        (e) Selection Criteria.--In selecting from among applicants for
    participation in the program, the Secretary may give priority
    consideration to projects that--
            (1) will achieve the greatest reductions in aircraft noise,
        airport emissions, or airport water quality impacts either on an
        absolute basis or on a per dollar of funds expended basis; and
            (2) will be implemented by an eligible consortium.
        (f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project
    carried out under the program shall be 50 percent.
        (g) Maximum Amount.--Not more than $2,500,000 may be made available
    by the Secretary in grants under the program for any single project.
        (h) Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may establish and
    publish information identifying best practices for reducing or
    mitigating aviation impacts on noise, air quality, and water quality at
    airports or in the vicinity of airports based on the projects carried
    out under the program.
        (i) Sunset.--The program shall terminate 5 years after the
    Secretary makes the first grant under the program.
        (j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Eligible consortium.--The term ``eligible consortium''
        means a consortium that is composed of 2 or more of the following
        entities:
                (A) Businesses incorporated in the United States.
                (B) Public or private educational or research organizations
            located in the United States.
                (C) Entities of State or local governments in the United
            States.
                (D) Federal laboratories.
            (2) Environmental mitigation project.--The term ``environmental
        mitigation project'' means a project that--
                (A) introduces new environmental mitigation techniques or
            technologies that have been proven in laboratory
            demonstrations;
                (B) proposes methods for efficient adaptation or
            integration of new concepts into airport operations; and
                (C) will demonstrate whether new techniques or technologies
            for environmental mitigation are--
                    (i) practical to implement at or near multiple public-
                use airports; and
                    (ii) capable of reducing noise, airport emissions, or
                water quality impacts in measurably significant amounts.
        (k) Authorization for the Transfer of Funds From Department of
    Defense.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration may accept funds from the Secretary of Defense to
        increase the authorized funding for this section by the amount of
        such transfer only to carry out projects designed for environmental
        mitigation at a site previously, but not currently, managed by the
        Department of Defense.
            (2) Additional grantees.--If additional funds are made
        available by the Secretary of Defense under paragraph (1), the
        Administrator may increase the number of grantees under subsection
        (a).
        SEC. 191. EXTENDING AVIATION DEVELOPMENT STREAMLINING.
        (a) In General.--Section 47171 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1),
        by inserting ``general aviation airport construction or improvement
        projects,'' after ``congested airports,'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) General aviation airport construction or improvement
        project.--A general aviation airport construction or improvement
        project shall be subject to the coordinated and expedited
        environmental review process requirements set forth in this
        section.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
            (5) in subsection (h), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''; and
            (6) in subsection (k), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''.
        (b) Definitions.--Section 47175 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) General aviation airport construction or improvement
        project.--The term `general aviation airport construction or
        improvement project' means--
                ``(A) a project for the construction or extension of a
            runway, including any land acquisition, helipad, taxiway,
            safety area, apron, or navigational aids associated with the
            runway or runway extension, at a general aviation airport, a
            reliever airport, or a commercial service airport that is not a
            primary airport (as such terms are defined in section 47102);
            and
                ``(B) any other airport development project that the
            Secretary designates as facilitating aviation capacity building
            projects at a general aviation airport.''.
        SEC. 192. ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND TECHNOLOGY.
        (a) In General.--Section 47136 of title 49, United States Code, as
    so redesignated, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the
        following:
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a
    pilot program under which the sponsors of public-use airports may use
    funds made available under this chapter or section 48103 for use at
    such airports to carry out--
            ``(1) activities associated with the acquisition, by purchase
        or lease, and operation of eligible zero-emission vehicles and
        equipment, including removable power sources for such vehicles; and
            ``(2) the construction or modification of infrastructure to
        facilitate the delivery of fuel, power or services necessary for
        the use of such vehicles.
        ``(b) Eligibility.--A public-use airport is eligible for
    participation in the program if the eligible vehicles or equipment
    are--
            ``(1) used exclusively on airport property; or
            ``(2) used exclusively to transport passengers and employees
        between the airport and--
                ``(A) nearby facilities which are owned or controlled by
            the airport or which otherwise directly support the functions
            or services provided by the airport; or
                ``(B) an intermodal surface transportation facility
            adjacent to the airport.'';
            (2) by striking subsections (d) through (f) and inserting the
        following:
        ``(d) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project
    carried out under the program shall be the Federal share specified in
    section 47109.
        ``(e) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The sponsor of a public-use airport may use
        not more than 10 percent of the amounts made available to the
        sponsor under the program in any fiscal year for--
                ``(A) technical assistance; and
                ``(B) project management support to assist the airport with
            the solicitation, acquisition, and deployment of zero-emission
            vehicles, related equipment, and supporting infrastructure.
            ``(2) Providers of technical assistance.--To receive the
        technical assistance or project management support described in
        paragraph (1), participants in the program may use--
                ``(A) a nonprofit organization selected by the Secretary;
            or
                ``(B) a university transportation center receiving grants
            under section 5505 in the region of the airport.
        ``(f) Materials Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may
    create and make available materials identifying best practices for
    carrying out activities funded under the program based on previous
    related projects and other sources.
        ``(g) Allowable Project Cost.--The allowable project cost for the
    acquisition of a zero-emission vehicle shall be the total cost of
    purchasing or leasing the vehicle, including the cost of technical
    assistance or project management support described in subsection (e).
        ``(h) Flexible Procurement.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may
    use funds made available under the program to acquire, by purchase or
    lease, a zero-emission vehicle and a removable power source in separate
    transactions, including transactions by which the airport purchases the
    vehicle and leases the removable power source.
        ``(i) Testing Required.--
            ``(1) In general.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may not
        use funds made available under the program to acquire a zero-
        emission vehicle unless that make, model, or type of vehicle has
        been tested by a Federal vehicle testing facility acceptable to the
        Secretary.
            ``(2) Penalties for false statements.--A certification of
        compliance under paragraph (1) shall be considered a certification
        required under this subchapter for purposes of section 47126.
        ``(j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
            ``(1) Eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment.--The term
        `eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment' means a zero-
        emission vehicle, equipment related to such a vehicle, or ground
        support equipment that includes zero-emission technology that is--
                ``(A) used exclusively on airport property; or
                ``(B) used exclusively to transport passengers and
            employees between the airport and--
                    ``(i) nearby facilities which are owned or controlled
                by the airport or which otherwise directly support the
                functions or services provided by the airport; or
                    ``(ii) an intermodal surface transportation facility
                adjacent to the airport.
            ``(2) Removable power source.--The term `removable power
        source' means a power source that is separately installed in, and
        removable from, a zero-emission vehicle and may include a battery,
        a fuel cell, an ultra-capacitor, or other power source used in a
        zero-emission vehicle.
            ``(3) Zero-emission vehicle.--The term `zero-emission vehicle'
        means--
                ``(A) a zero-emission vehicle as defined in section 88.102-
            94 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                ``(B) a vehicle that produces zero exhaust emissions of any
            criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any possible
            operational modes and conditions.''.
        (b) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(A) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``for airport
    development described in section 47102(3)(Q),'' after ``under section
    47141,''.
        (c) Deployment of Zero Emission Vehicle Technology.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation may
        establish a zero-emission airport technology program--
                (A) to facilitate the deployment of commercially viable
            zero-emission airport vehicles, technology, and related
            infrastructure; and
                (B) to minimize the risk of deploying such vehicles,
            technology, and infrastructure.
            (2) General authority.--
                (A) Assistance to nonprofit organizations.--The Secretary
            may provide assistance under the program to not more than 3
            geographically diverse, eligible organizations to conduct zero-
            emission airport technology and infrastructure projects.
                (B) Forms of assistance.--The Secretary may provide
            assistance under the program in the form of grants, contracts,
            and cooperative agreements.
            (3) Selection of participants.--
                (A) National solicitation.--In selecting participants, the
            Secretary shall--
                    (i) conduct a national solicitation for applications
                for assistance under the program; and
                    (ii) select the recipients of assistance under the
                program on a competitive basis.
                (B) Considerations.--In selecting from among applicants for
            assistance under the program, the Secretary shall consider--
                    (i) the ability of an applicant to contribute
                significantly to deploying zero-emission technology as the
                technology relates to airport operations;
                    (ii) the financing plan and cost-share potential of the
                applicant; and
                    (iii) other factors, as the Secretary determines
                appropriate.
                (C) Priority.--ln selecting from among applicants for
            assistance under the program, the Secretary shall give priority
            consideration to an applicant that has successfully managed
            advanced transportation technology projects, including projects
            related to zero-emission transportation operations.
            (4) Eligible projects.--A recipient of assistance under the
        program shall use the assistance--
                (A) to review and conduct demonstrations of zero-emission
            technologies and related infrastructure at airports;
                (B) to evaluate the credibility of new, unproven vehicle
            and energy-efficient technologies in various aspects of airport
            operations prior to widespread investment in the technologies
            by airports and the aviation industry;
                (C) to collect data and make the recipient's findings
            available to airports, so that airports can evaluate the
            applicability of new technologies to their facilities; and
                (D) to report the recipient's findings to the Secretary.
            (5) Administrative provisions.--
                (A) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a
            project carried out under the program may not exceed 80
            percent.
                (B) Terms and conditions.--A grant, contract, or
            cooperative agreement under this section shall be subject to
            such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
            (6) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions
        apply:
                (A) Eligible organization.--The term ``eligible
            organization'' means an organization that has expertise in
            zero-emission technology.
                (B) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means--
                    (i) described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal
                Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section
                501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                    (ii) a university transportation center receiving
                grants under section 5505 of title 49, United States Code;
                or
                    (iii) any other Federal or non-Federal entity as the
                Secretary considers appropriate.

                   TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM
                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

        SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (2) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' means
        the Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee
        established under section 202.
            (3) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation
        Administration.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of
        Transportation.
            (5) Systems safety approach.--The term ``systems safety
        approach'' means the application of specialized technical and
        managerial skills to the systematic, forward-looking identification
        and control of hazards throughout the lifecycle of a project,
        program, or activity.
        SEC. 202. SAFETY OVERSIGHT AND CERTIFICATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a Safety Oversight
    and Certification Advisory Committee.
        (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall provide advice to the
    Secretary on policy-level issues facing the aviation community that are
    related to FAA safety oversight and certification programs and
    activities, including, at a minimum, the following:
            (1) Aircraft and flight standards certification processes,
        including efforts to streamline those processes.
            (2) Implementation and oversight of safety management systems.
            (3) Risk-based oversight efforts.
            (4) Utilization of delegation and designation authorities,
        including organization designation authorization.
            (5) Regulatory interpretation standardization efforts.
            (6) Training programs.
            (7) Expediting the rulemaking process and giving priority to
        rules related to safety.
            (8) Enhancing global competitiveness of United States
        manufactured and United States certificated aerospace and aviation
        products and services throughout the world.
        (c) Functions.--In carrying out its duties under subsection (b),
    the Advisory Committee shall:
            (1) Foster industry collaboration in an open and transparent
        manner.
            (2) Consult with, and ensure participation by--
                (A) the private sector, including representatives of--
                    (i) general aviation;
                    (ii) commercial aviation;
                    (iii) aviation labor;
                    (iv) aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul;
                    (v) aviation, aerospace, and avionics manufacturing;
                    (vi) unmanned aircraft systems operators and
                manufacturers; and
                    (vii) the commercial space transportation industry;
                (B) members of the public; and
                (C) other interested parties.
            (3) Recommend consensus national goals, strategic objectives,
        and priorities for the most efficient, streamlined, and cost-
        effective certification and safety oversight processes in order to
        maintain the safety of the aviation system and, at the same time,
        allow the FAA to meet future needs and ensure that aviation
        stakeholders remain competitive in the global marketplace.
            (4) Provide policy guidance recommendations for the FAA's
        certification and safety oversight efforts.
            (5) On a regular basis, review and provide recommendations on
        the FAA's certification and safety oversight efforts.
            (6) Periodically review and evaluate registration,
        certification, and related fees.
            (7) Provide appropriate legislative, regulatory, and guidance
        recommendations for the air transportation system and the aviation
        safety regulatory environment.
            (8) Recommend performance objectives for the FAA and industry.
            (9) Recommend performance metrics and goals to track and review
        the FAA and the regulated aviation industry on their progress
        towards streamlining certification reform, conducting flight
        standards reform, and carrying out regulation consistency efforts.
            (10) Provide a venue for tracking progress toward national
        goals and sustaining joint commitments.
            (11) Recommend recruiting, hiring, training, and continuing
        education objectives for FAA aviation safety engineers and aviation
        safety inspectors.
            (12) Provide advice and recommendations to the FAA on how to
        prioritize safety rulemaking projects.
            (13) Improve the development of FAA regulations by providing
        information, advice, and recommendations related to aviation
        issues.
            (14) Facilitate the validation and acceptance of United States
        manufactured and United States certificated products and services
        throughout the world.
        (d) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of
        the following members:
                (A) The Administrator (or the Administrator's designee).
                (B) At least 11 individuals, appointed by the Secretary,
            each of whom represents at least 1 of the following interests:
                    (i) Transport aircraft and engine manufacturers.
                    (ii) General aviation aircraft and engine
                manufacturers.
                    (iii) Avionics and equipment manufacturers.
                    (iv) Aviation labor organizations, including collective
                bargaining representatives of FAA aviation safety
                inspectors and aviation safety engineers.
                    (v) General aviation operators.
                    (vi) Air carriers.
                    (vii) Business aviation operators.
                    (viii) Unmanned aircraft systems manufacturers and
                operators.
                    (ix) Aviation safety management experts.
                    (x) Aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul.
                    (xi) Airport owners and operators.
            (2) Nonvoting members.--
                (A) In general.--In addition to the members appointed under
            paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee shall be composed of
            nonvoting members appointed by the Secretary from among
            individuals representing FAA safety oversight program offices.
                (B) Duties.--The nonvoting members may--
                    (i) take part in deliberations of the Advisory
                Committee; and
                    (ii) provide input with respect to any final reports or
                recommendations of the Advisory Committee.
                (C) Limitation.--The nonvoting members may not represent
            any stakeholder interest other than that of an FAA safety
            oversight program office.
            (3) Terms.--Each voting member and nonvoting member of the
        Advisory Committee appointed by the Secretary shall be appointed
        for a term of 2 years.
            (4) Committee characteristics.--The Advisory Committee shall
        have the following characteristics:
                (A) Each voting member under paragraph (1)(B) shall be an
            executive officer of the organization who has decisionmaking
            authority within the member's organization and can represent
            and enter into commitments on behalf of such organization.
                (B) The ability to obtain necessary information from
            experts in the aviation and aerospace communities.
                (C) A membership size that enables the Advisory Committee
            to have substantive discussions and reach consensus on issues
            in a timely manner.
                (D) Appropriate expertise, including expertise in
            certification and risked-based safety oversight processes,
            operations, policy, technology, labor relations, training, and
            finance.
            (5) Limitation on statutory construction.--Public Law 104-65 (2
        U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) may not be construed to prohibit or otherwise
        limit the appointment of any individual as a member of the Advisory
        Committee.
        (e) Chairperson.--
            (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Advisory Committee
        shall be appointed by the Secretary from among those members of the
        Advisory Committee that are voting members under subsection
        (d)(1)(B).
            (2) Term.--Each member appointed under paragraph (1) shall
        serve a term of 2 years as Chairperson.
        (f) Meetings.--
            (1) Frequency.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at least
        twice each year at the call of the Chairperson.
            (2) Public attendance.--The meetings of the Advisory Committee
        shall be open and accessible to the public.
        (g) Special Committees.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Advisory Committee may establish
        special committees composed of private sector representatives,
        members of the public, labor representatives, and other relevant
        parties in complying with consultation and participation
        requirements under this section.
            (2) Rulemaking advice.--A special committee established by the
        Advisory Committee may--
                (A) provide rulemaking advice and recommendations to the
            Advisory Committee with respect to aviation-related issues;
                (B) provide the FAA additional opportunities to obtain
            firsthand information and insight from those parties that are
            most affected by existing and proposed regulations; and
                (C) assist in expediting the development, revision, or
            elimination of rules without circumventing public rulemaking
            processes and procedures.
            (3) Applicable law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to a
        special committee established by the Advisory Committee.
        (h) Sunset.--The Advisory Committee shall terminate on the last day
    of the 6-year period beginning on the date of the initial appointment
    of the members of the Advisory Committee.
        (i) Termination of Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee.--The
    Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee established by the FAA shall
    terminate on the date of the initial appointment of the members of the
    Advisory Committee.

                   Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

        SEC. 211. AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND
          METRICS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which
    the Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the
    Administrator shall establish performance objectives and apply and
    track performance metrics for the FAA and the aviation industry
    relating to aircraft certification in accordance with this section.
        (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section
    in collaboration with the Advisory Committee and update agency
    performance objectives and metrics after considering the
    recommendations of the Advisory Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9)
    of section 202(c).
        (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and
    the aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to aircraft
    certification, progress is made toward, at a minimum--
            (1) eliminating certification delays and improving cycle times;
            (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the aviation
        industry;
            (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and
        designation authorities, including organizational designation
        authorization;
            (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a systems
        safety approach;
            (5) reducing duplication of effort;
            (6) increasing transparency;
            (7) developing and providing training, including recurrent
        training, in auditing and a systems safety approach to
        certification oversight;
            (8) improving the process for approving or accepting
        certification actions between the FAA and bilateral partners;
            (9) maintaining and improving safety;
            (10) streamlining the hiring process for--
                (A) qualified systems safety engineers to support the FAA's
            efforts to implement a systems safety approach; and
                (B) qualified systems engineers to guide the engineering of
            complex systems within the FAA; and
            (11) maintaining the leadership of the United States in
        international aviation and aerospace.
        (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and
    the regulated aviation industry established by the Advisory Committee.
        (e) Data Generation.--
            (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which
        the Advisory Committee recommends initial performance metrics for
        the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under section 202, the
        Administrator shall generate initial data with respect to each of
        the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section.
            (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The
        Administrator shall use the metrics applied and tracked under this
        section to generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure
        progress toward the achievement of national goals recommended by
        the Advisory Committee.
        (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using
    the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section
    available to the public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable
    format through the internet website of the FAA or other appropriate
    methods and shall ensure that the data are made available in a manner
    that--
            (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an
        individual or entity; and
            (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary
        information.
        SEC. 212. ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION AUTHORIZATIONS.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44736. Organization designation authorizations
        ``(a) Delegations of Functions.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), when
        overseeing an ODA holder, the Administrator of the FAA shall--
                ``(A) require, based on an application submitted by the ODA
            holder and approved by the Administrator (or the
            Administrator's designee), a procedures manual that addresses
            all procedures and limitations regarding the functions to be
            performed by the ODA holder;
                ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the
            functions to be performed as specified in the procedures
            manual, unless the Administrator determines, after the date of
            the delegation and as a result of an inspection or other
            investigation, that the public interest and safety of air
            commerce requires a limitation with respect to 1 or more of the
            functions;
                ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by inspecting
            the ODA holder's delegated functions and taking action based on
            validated inspection findings; and
                ``(D) for each function that is limited under subparagraph
            (B), work with the ODA holder to develop the ODA holder's
            capability to execute that function safely and effectively and
            return to full authority status.
            ``(2) Duties of oda holders.--An ODA holder shall--
                ``(A) perform each specified function delegated to the ODA
            holder in accordance with the approved procedures manual for
            the delegation;
                ``(B) make the procedures manual available to each member
            of the appropriate ODA unit; and
                ``(C) cooperate fully with oversight activities conducted
            by the Administrator in connection with the delegation.
            ``(3) Existing oda holders.--With regard to an ODA holder
        operating under a procedures manual approved by the Administrator
        before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of
        2018, the Administrator shall--
                ``(A) at the request of the ODA holder and in an
            expeditious manner, approve revisions to the ODA holder's
            procedures manual;
                ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the
            functions to be performed as specified in the procedures
            manual, unless the Administrator determines, after the date of
            the delegation and as a result of an inspection or other
            investigation, that the public interest and safety of air
            commerce requires a limitation with respect to one or more of
            the functions;
                ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by inspecting
            the ODA holder's delegated functions and taking action based on
            validated inspection findings; and
                ``(D) for each function that is limited under subparagraph
            (B), work with the ODA holder to develop the ODA holder's
            capability to execute that function safely and effectively and
            return to full authority status.
        ``(b) ODA Office.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
        enactment of this section, the Administrator of the FAA shall
        identify, within the FAA Office of Aviation Safety, a centralized
        policy office to be known as the Organization Designation
        Authorization Office or the ODA Office.
            ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the ODA Office shall be to
        provide oversight and ensure the consistency of the FAA's audit
        functions under the ODA program across the FAA.
            ``(3) Functions.--The ODA Office shall--
                ``(A)(i) at the request of an ODA holder, eliminate all
            limitations specified in a procedures manual in place on the
            day before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act
            of 2018 that are low and medium risk as determined by a risk
            analysis using criteria established by the ODA Office and
            disclosed to the ODA holder, except where an ODA holder's
            performance warrants the retention of a specific limitation due
            to documented concerns about inadequate current performance in
            carrying out that authorized function;
                ``(ii) require an ODA holder to establish a corrective
            action plan to regain authority for any retained limitations;
                ``(iii) require an ODA holder to notify the ODA Office when
            all corrective actions have been accomplished; and
                ``(iv) make a reassessment to determine if subsequent
            performance in carrying out any retained limitation warrants
            continued retention and, if such reassessment determines
            performance meets objectives, lift such limitation immediately;
                ``(B) improve FAA and ODA holder performance and ensure
            full utilization of the authorities delegated under the ODA
            program;
                ``(C) develop a more consistent approach to audit
            priorities, procedures, and training under the ODA program;
                ``(D) review, in a timely fashion, a random sample of
            limitations on delegated authorities under the ODA program to
            determine if the limitations are appropriate;
                ``(E) ensure national consistency in the interpretation and
            application of the requirements of the ODA program, including
            any limitations, and in the performance of the ODA program; and
                ``(F) at the request of an ODA holder, review and approve
            new limitations to ODA functions.
        ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
            ``(1) FAA.--The term `FAA' means the Federal Aviation
        Administration.
            ``(2) ODA holder.--The term `ODA holder' means an entity
        authorized to perform functions pursuant to a delegation made by
        the Administrator of the FAA under section 44702(d).
            ``(3) ODA unit.--The term ``ODA unit'' means a group of 2 or
        more individuals who perform, under the supervision of an ODA
        holder, authorized functions under an ODA.
            ``(4) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means a firm,
        partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-stock
        association, or governmental entity.
            ``(5) Organization designation authorization; oda.--The term
        `Organization Designation Authorization' or `ODA' means an
        authorization by the FAA under section 44702(d) for an organization
        composed of 1 or more ODA units to perform approved functions on
        behalf of the FAA.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``44736. Organization designation authorizations.''.
        SEC. 213. ODA REVIEW.
        (a) Establishment of Expert Review Panel.--
            (1) Expert panel.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a
        multidisciplinary expert review panel (in this section referred to
        as the ``Panel'').
            (2) Composition of panel.--
                (A) Appointment of members.--The Panel shall be composed of
            not more than 20 members appointed by the Administrator.
                (B) Qualifications.--The members appointed to the Panel
            shall--
                    (i) each have a minimum of 5 years of experience in
                processes and procedures under the ODA program; and
                    (ii) represent, at a minimum, ODA holders, aviation
                manufacturers, safety experts, and FAA labor organizations,
                including labor representatives of FAA aviation safety
                inspectors and aviation safety engineers.
        (b) Survey.--The Panel shall conduct a survey of ODA holders and
    ODA program applicants to document and assess FAA certification and
    oversight activities, including use of the ODA program and the
    timeliness and efficiency of the certification process. In carrying out
    this subsection, the Panel shall consult with appropriate survey
    experts to best design and conduct the survey.
        (c) Assessment and Recommendations.--The Panel shall assess and
    make recommendations concerning--
            (1) the FAA's processes and procedures under the ODA program
        and whether the processes and procedures function as intended;
            (2) the best practices of and lessons learned by ODA holders
        and FAA personnel who provide oversight of ODA holders;
            (3) performance incentive policies that--
                (A) are related to the ODA program for FAA personnel; and
                (B) do not conflict with the public interest;
            (4) training activities related to the ODA program for FAA
        personnel and ODA holders;
            (5) the impact, if any, that oversight of the ODA program has
        on FAA resources and the FAA's ability to process applications for
        certifications outside of the ODA program; and
            (6) the results of the survey conducted under subsection (b).
        (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the Panel is
    convened under subsection (a), the Panel shall submit to the
    Administrator, the Advisory Committee, and the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the findings and recommendations of the Panel.
        (e) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 44736 of
    title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, apply to this
    section.
        (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the
    Panel.
        (g) Sunset.--The Panel shall terminate on the date of submission of
    the report under subsection (d), or on the date that is 1 year after
    the Panel is convened under subsection (a), whichever occurs first.
        SEC. 214. TYPE CERTIFICATION RESOLUTION PROCESS.
        (a) In General.--Section 44704(a) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Type certification resolution process.--
                ``(A) In general.--Not later than 15 months after the date
            of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the
            Administrator shall establish an effective, timely, and
            milestone-based issue resolution process for type certification
            activities under this subsection.
                ``(B) Process requirements.--The resolution process shall
            provide for--
                    ``(i) resolution of technical issues at pre-established
                stages of the certification process, as agreed to by the
                Administrator and the type certificate applicant;
                    ``(ii) automatic elevation to appropriate management
                personnel of the Federal Aviation Administration and the
                type certificate applicant of any major certification
                process milestone that is not completed or resolved within
                a specific period of time agreed to by the Administrator
                and the type certificate applicant; and
                    ``(iii) resolution of a major certification process
                milestone elevated pursuant to clause (ii) within a
                specific period of time agreed to by the Administrator and
                the type certificate applicant.
                ``(C) Major certification process milestone defined.--In
            this paragraph, the term `major certification process
            milestone' means a milestone related to a type certification
            basis, type certification plan, type inspection authorization,
            issue paper, or other major type certification activity agreed
            to by the Administrator and the type certificate applicant.''.
        (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 44704 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended in the section heading by striking ``airworthiness
    certificates,,'' and inserting ``airworthiness certificates,''.
        SEC. 215. REVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR SMALL GENERAL
          AVIATION AIRPLANES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
    initiate a review of the Federal Aviation Administration's
    implementation of the final rule titled ``Revision of Airworthiness
    Standards for Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category
    Airplanes'' (81 Fed. Reg. 96572).
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller
    General shall assess--
            (1) how the rule puts into practice the Administration's
        efforts to implement performance and risk-based safety standards;
            (2) the extent to which the rule has resulted in the
        implementation of a streamlined regulatory regime to improve
        safety, reduce regulatory burden, and decrease costs;
            (3) whether the rule and its implementation have spurred
        innovation and technological adoption;
            (4) how consensus standards accepted by the FAA facilitate the
        development of new safety equipment and aircraft capabilities; and
            (5) whether lessons learned from the rule and its
        implementation have resulted in best practices that could be
        applied to airworthiness standards for other categories of
        aircraft.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation
    of the review, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the review, including
    findings and recommendations.
        SEC. 216. ODA STAFFING AND OVERSIGHT.
        (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the Administration's
    progress with respect to--
            (1) determining what additional model inputs and labor
        distribution codes are needed to identify ODA oversight staffing
        needs;
            (2) developing and implementing system-based evaluation
        criteria and risk-based tools to aid ODA team members in targeting
        their oversight activities;
            (3) developing agreements and processes for sharing resources
        to ensure adequate oversight of ODA personnel performing
        certification and inspection work at supplier and company
        facilities; and
            (4) ensuring full utilization of ODA authority.
        (b) ODA Defined.--In this section, the term ``ODA'' has the meaning
    given that term in section 44736 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act.

                      Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

        SEC. 221. FLIGHT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND METRICS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which
    the Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the
    Administrator shall establish performance objectives and apply and
    track performance metrics for the FAA and the aviation industry
    relating to flight standards activities in accordance with this
    section.
        (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section
    in collaboration with the Advisory Committee, and update agency
    performance objectives and metrics after considering the
    recommendations of the Advisory Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9)
    of section 202(c).
        (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and
    the aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to flight standards
    activities, progress is made toward, at a minimum--
            (1) eliminating delays with respect to such activities;
            (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the aviation
        industry;
            (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and
        designation authorities, including organizational designation
        authority;
            (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a systems
        safety approach;
            (5) reducing duplication of effort;
            (6) eliminating inconsistent regulatory interpretations and
        inconsistent enforcement activities;
            (7) improving and providing greater opportunities for training,
        including recurrent training, in auditing and a systems safety
        approach to oversight;
            (8) developing and allowing utilization of a single master
        source for guidance;
            (9) providing and utilizing a streamlined appeal process for
        the resolution of regulatory interpretation questions;
            (10) maintaining and improving safety; and
            (11) increasing transparency.
        (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and
    the regulated aviation industry established by the Advisory Committee.
        (e) Data Generation.--
            (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which
        the Advisory Committee recommends initial performance metrics for
        the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under section 202, the
        Administrator shall generate initial data with respect to each of
        the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section.
            (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The
        Administrator shall use the metrics applied and tracked under this
        section to generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure
        progress toward the achievement of national goals recommended by
        the Advisory Committee.
        (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using
    the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section
    available to the public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable
    format through the internet website of the FAA or other appropriate
    methods and shall ensure that the data are made available in a manner
    that--
            (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an
        individual or entity; and
            (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary
        information.
        SEC. 222. FAA TASK FORCE ON FLIGHT STANDARDS REFORM.
        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish the FAA Task
    Force on Flight Standards Reform (in this section referred to as the
    ``Task Force'').
        (b) Membership.--
            (1) Appointment.--The membership of the Task Force shall be
        appointed by the Administrator.
            (2) Number.--The Task Force shall be composed of not more than
        20 members.
            (3) Representation requirements.--The membership of the Task
        Force shall include representatives, with knowledge of flight
        standards regulatory processes and requirements, of--
                (A) air carriers;
                (B) general aviation;
                (C) business aviation;
                (D) repair stations;
                (E) unmanned aircraft systems operators;
                (F) flight schools;
                (G) labor unions, including those representing FAA aviation
            safety inspectors and those representing FAA aviation safety
            engineers;
                (H) aviation and aerospace manufacturers; and
                (I) aviation safety experts.
        (c) Duties.--The duties of the Task Force shall include, at a
    minimum, identifying best practices and providing recommendations, for
    current and anticipated budgetary environments, with respect to--
            (1) simplifying and streamlining flight standards regulatory
        processes, including issuance and oversight of certificates;
            (2) reorganizing Flight Standards Services to establish an
        entity organized by function rather than geographic region, if
        appropriate;
            (3) FAA aviation safety inspector training opportunities;
            (4) ensuring adequate and timely provision of Flight Standards
        activities and responses necessary for type certification,
        operational evaluation, and entry into service of newly
        manufactured aircraft;
            (5) FAA aviation safety inspector standards and performance;
        and
            (6) achieving, across the FAA, consistent--
                (A) regulatory interpretations; and
                (B) application of oversight activities.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    establishment of the Task Force, the Task Force shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing--
            (1) the best practices identified and recommendations provided
        by the Task Force under subsection (c); and
            (2) any recommendations of the Task Force for additional
        regulatory, policy, or cost-effective legislative action to improve
        the efficiency of agency activities.
        (e) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the Task
    Force.
        (f) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate on the earlier of--
            (1) the date on which the Task Force submits the report
        required under subsection (d); or
            (2) the date that is 18 months after the date on which the Task
        Force is established under subsection (a).
        SEC. 223. CENTRALIZED SAFETY GUIDANCE DATABASE.
        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a centralized
    safety guidance database that will--
            (1) encompass all of the regulatory guidance documents of the
        FAA Office of Aviation Safety;
            (2) contain, for each such guidance document, a link to the
        Code of Federal Regulations provision to which the document
        relates; and
            (3) be publicly available in a manner that--
                (A) protects from disclosure identifying information
            regarding an individual or entity; and
                (B) prevents inappropriate disclosure proprietary
            information.
        (b) Data Entry Timing.--
            (1) Existing documents.--Not later than 14 months after the
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin
        entering into the database established under subsection (a) all of
        the regulatory guidance documents of the Office of Aviation Safety
        that are in effect and were issued before the date on which the
        Administrator begins such entry process.
            (2) New documents and changes.--On and after the date on which
        the Administrator begins the document entry process under paragraph
        (1), the Administrator shall ensure that all new regulatory
        guidance documents of the Office of Aviation Safety and any changes
        to existing documents are included in the database established
        under subsection (a) as such documents or changes to existing
        documents are issued.
        (c) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the database under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult and collaborate with
    appropriate stakeholders, including labor organizations (including
    those representing aviation workers, FAA aviation safety engineers and
    FAA aviation safety inspectors) and aviation industry stakeholders.
        (d) Regulatory Guidance Documents Defined.--In this section, the
    term ``regulatory guidance documents'' means all forms of written
    information issued by the FAA that an individual or entity may use to
    interpret or apply FAA regulations and requirements, including
    information an individual or entity may use to determine acceptable
    means of compliance with such regulations and requirements, such as an
    order, manual, circular, policy statement, legal interpretation
    memorandum, or rulemaking document.
        SEC. 224. REGULATORY CONSISTENCY COMMUNICATIONS BOARD.
        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a Regulatory
    Consistency Communications Board (in this section referred to as the
    ``Board'').
        (b) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the Board, the
    Administrator shall consult and collaborate with appropriate
    stakeholders, including FAA labor organizations (including labor
    organizations representing FAA aviation safety inspectors) and industry
    stakeholders.
        (c) Membership.--The Board shall be composed of FAA
    representatives, appointed by the Administrator, from--
            (1) the Flight Standards Service;
            (2) the Aircraft Certification Service; and
            (3) the Office of the Chief Counsel.
        (d) Functions.--The Board shall carry out the following functions:
            (1) Establish, at a minimum, processes by which--
                (A) FAA personnel and persons regulated by the FAA may
            submit anonymous regulatory interpretation questions without
            fear of retaliation;
                (B) FAA personnel may submit written questions, and receive
            written responses, as to whether a previous approval or
            regulatory interpretation issued by FAA personnel in another
            office or region is correct or incorrect; and
                (C) any other person may submit written anonymous
            regulatory interpretation questions.
            (2) Meet on a regular basis to discuss and resolve questions
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) and the appropriate application
        of regulations and policy with respect to each question.
            (3) Provide to a person that submitted a question pursuant to
        subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) a timely written response
        to the question.
            (4) Establish a process to make resolutions of common
        regulatory interpretation questions publicly available to FAA
        personnel, persons regulated by the FAA, and the public without
        revealing any identifying data of the person that submitted the
        question and in a manner that protects any proprietary information.
            (5) Ensure the incorporation of resolutions of questions
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) into regulatory guidance
        documents, as such term is defined in section 223(d).
        (e) Performance Metrics, Timelines, and Goals.--Not later than 180
    days after the date on which the Advisory Committee recommends
    performance objectives and performance metrics for the FAA and the
    regulated aviation industry under section 202, the Administrator, in
    collaboration with the Advisory Committee, shall--
            (1) establish performance metrics, timelines, and goals to
        measure the progress of the Board in resolving regulatory
        interpretation questions submitted pursuant to subsection (d)(1);
        and
            (2) implement a process for tracking the progress of the Board
        in meeting the performance metrics, timelines, and goals
        established under paragraph (1).

                          Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

        SEC. 231. SAFETY WORKFORCE TRAINING STRATEGY.
        (a) Safety Workforce Training Strategy.--Not later than 60 days
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review
    and revise its safety workforce training strategy to ensure that such
    strategy--
            (1) aligns with an effective risk-based approach to safety
        oversight;
            (2) best uses available resources;
            (3) allows FAA employees participating in organization
        management teams or conducting ODA program audits to complete, in a
        timely fashion, appropriate training, including recurrent training,
        in auditing and a systems safety approach to oversight;
            (4) seeks knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and
        the aviation industry in new technologies, equipment and systems,
        best practices, and other areas of interest related to safety
        oversight;
            (5) functions within the current and anticipated budgetary
        environments;
            (6) fosters an inspector and engineer workforce that has the
        skills and training necessary to improve risk-based approaches that
        focus on requirements management and auditing skills; and
            (7) includes, as appropriate, milestones and metrics for
        meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (5).
        (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the revision
    of the strategy required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the
    implementation of the strategy and progress in meeting any milestones
    and metrics included in the strategy.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) ODA; oda holder.--The terms ``ODA'' and ``ODA holder'' have
        the meanings given those terms in section 44736 of title 49, United
        States Code, as added by this Act.
            (2) ODA program.--The term ``ODA program'' means the program to
        standardize FAA management and oversight of the organizations that
        are approved to perform certain functions on behalf of the
        Administration under section 44702(d) of title 49, United States
        Code.
            (3) Organization management team.--The term ``organization
        management team'' means a team consisting of FAA aviation safety
        engineers, flight test pilots, and aviation safety inspectors
        overseeing an ODA holder and its certification activity.
        SEC. 232. WORKFORCE REVIEW.
        (a) Workforce Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall conduct a review to assess the workforce and training needs of
    the FAA Office of Aviation Safety in the anticipated budgetary
    environment.
        (b) Contents.--The review required under subsection (a) shall
    include--
            (1) a review of current aviation safety inspector and aviation
        safety engineer hiring, training, and recurrent training
        requirements;
            (2) an analysis of the skills and qualifications required of
        aviation safety inspectors and aviation safety engineers for
        successful performance in the current and future projected aviation
        safety regulatory environment, including the need for a systems
        engineering discipline within the FAA to guide the engineering of
        complex systems, with an emphasis on auditing designated
        authorities;
            (3) a review of current performance incentive policies of the
        FAA, as applied to the Office of Aviation Safety, including awards
        for performance;
            (4) an analysis of ways the FAA can work with industry and
        labor, including labor groups representing FAA aviation safety
        inspectors and aviation safety engineers, to establish knowledge-
        sharing opportunities between the FAA and the aviation industry
        regarding new equipment and systems, best practices, and other
        areas of interest; and
            (5) recommendations on the most effective qualifications,
        training programs (including e-learning training), and performance
        incentive approaches to address the needs of the future projected
        aviation safety regulatory system in the anticipated budgetary
        environment.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the review required
    under subsection (a).

                       Subtitle E--International Aviation

        SEC. 241. PROMOTION OF UNITED STATES AEROSPACE STANDARDS, PRODUCTS,
          AND SERVICES ABROAD.
        Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(d) Promotion of United States Aerospace Standards, Products, and
    Services Abroad.--The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to--
            ``(1) promote United States aerospace-related safety standards
        abroad;
            ``(2) facilitate and vigorously defend approvals of United
        States aerospace products and services abroad;
            ``(3) with respect to bilateral partners, utilize bilateral
        safety agreements and other mechanisms to improve validation of
        United States certificated aeronautical products, services, and
        appliances and enhance mutual acceptance in order to eliminate
        redundancies and unnecessary costs; and
            ``(4) with respect to the aeronautical safety authorities of a
        foreign country, streamline validation and coordination
        processes.''.
        SEC. 242. BILATERAL EXCHANGES OF SAFETY OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITIES.
        Section 44701(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Foreign airworthiness directives.--
                ``(A) Acceptance.--Subject to subparagraph (D), the
            Administrator may accept an airworthiness directive, as defined
            in section 39.3 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
            issued by an aeronautical safety authority of a foreign
            country, and leverage that authority's regulatory process, if--
                    ``(i) the country is the state of design for the
                product that is the subject of the airworthiness directive;
                    ``(ii) the United States has a bilateral safety
                agreement relating to aircraft certification with the
                country;
                    ``(iii) as part of the bilateral safety agreement with
                the country, the Administrator has determined that such
                aeronautical safety authority has an aircraft certification
                system relating to safety that produces a level of safety
                equivalent to the level produced by the system of the
                Federal Aviation Administration;
                    ``(iv) the aeronautical safety authority of the country
                utilizes an open and transparent notice and comment process
                in the issuance of airworthiness directives; and
                    ``(v) the airworthiness directive is necessary to
                provide for the safe operation of the aircraft subject to
                the directive.
                ``(B) Alternative approval process.--Notwithstanding
            subparagraph (A), the Administrator may issue a Federal
            Aviation Administration airworthiness directive instead of
            accepting an airworthiness directive otherwise eligible for
            acceptance under such subparagraph, if the Administrator
            determines that such issuance is necessary for safety or
            operational reasons due to the complexity or unique features of
            the Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness directive or
            the United States aviation system.
                ``(C) Alternative means of compliance.--The Administrator
            may--
                    ``(i) accept an alternative means of compliance, with
                respect to an airworthiness directive accepted under
                subparagraph (A), that was approved by the aeronautical
                safety authority of the foreign country that issued the
                airworthiness directive; or
                    ``(ii) notwithstanding subparagraph (A), and at the
                request of any person affected by an airworthiness
                directive accepted under such subparagraph, approve an
                alternative means of compliance with respect to the
                airworthiness directive.
                ``(D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not accept an
            airworthiness directive issued by an aeronautical safety
            authority of a foreign country if the airworthiness directive
            addresses matters other than those involving the safe operation
            of an aircraft.''.
        SEC. 243. FAA LEADERSHIP ABROAD.
        (a) In General.--To promote United States aerospace safety
    standards, reduce redundant regulatory activity, and facilitate
    acceptance of FAA design and production approvals abroad, the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) attain greater expertise in issues related to dispute
        resolution, intellectual property, and export control laws to
        better support FAA certification and other aerospace regulatory
        activities abroad;
            (2) work with United States companies to more accurately track
        the amount of time it takes foreign authorities, including
        bilateral partners, to validate United States certificated
        aeronautical products;
            (3) provide assistance to United States companies that have
        experienced significantly long foreign validation wait times;
            (4) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral
        partners, to collect and analyze data to determine the timeliness
        of the acceptance and validation of FAA design and production
        approvals by foreign authorities and the acceptance and validation
        of foreign-certified products by the FAA;
            (5) establish appropriate benchmarks and metrics to measure the
        success of bilateral aviation safety agreements and to reduce the
        validation time for United States certificated aeronautical
        products abroad; and
            (6) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral
        partners, to improve the timeliness of the acceptance and
        validation of FAA design and production approvals by foreign
        authorities and the acceptance and validation of foreign-certified
        products by the FAA.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report that--
            (1) describes the FAA's strategic plan for international
        engagement;
            (2) describes the structure and responsibilities of all FAA
        offices that have international responsibilities, including the
        Aircraft Certification Office, and all the activities conducted by
        those offices related to certification and production;
            (3) describes current and forecasted staffing and travel needs
        for the FAA's international engagement activities, including the
        needs of the Aircraft Certification Office in the current and
        forecasted budgetary environment;
            (4) provides recommendations, if appropriate, to improve the
        existing structure and personnel and travel policies supporting the
        FAA's international engagement activities, including the activities
        of the Aviation Certification Office, to better support the growth
        of United States aerospace exports; and
            (5) identifies cost-effective policy initiatives, regulatory
        initiatives, or legislative initiatives needed to improve and
        enhance the timely acceptance of United States aerospace products
        abroad.
        (c) International Travel.--The Administrator, or the
    Administrator's designee, may authorize international travel for any
    FAA employee, without the approval of any other person or entity, if
    the Administrator determines that the travel is necessary--
            (1) to promote United States aerospace safety standards; or
            (2) to support expedited acceptance of FAA design and
        production approvals.
        SEC. 244. REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATION, AND RELATED FEES.
        Section 45305 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Subject to subsection (b)''
        and inserting ``Subject to subsection (c)'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c)
        and (d), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
        ``(b) Certification Services.--Subject to subsection (c), and
    notwithstanding section 45301(a), the Administrator may establish and
    collect a fee from a foreign government or entity for services related
    to certification, regardless of where the services are provided, if the
    fee--
            ``(1) is established and collected in a manner consistent with
        aviation safety agreements; and
            ``(2) does not exceed the estimated costs of the services.''.

                               TITLE III--SAFETY
                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

        SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation
        Administration.
        SEC. 302. FAA TECHNICAL TRAINING.
        (a) E-learning Training Pilot Program.--Not later than 90 days
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in
    collaboration with the exclusive bargaining representatives of covered
    FAA personnel, shall establish an e-learning training pilot program in
    accordance with the requirements of this section.
        (b) Curriculum.--The pilot program shall--
            (1) include a recurrent training curriculum for covered FAA
        personnel to ensure that the covered FAA personnel receive
        instruction on the latest aviation technologies, processes, and
        procedures;
            (2) focus on providing specialized technical training for
        covered FAA personnel, as determined necessary by the
        Administrator;
            (3) include training courses on applicable regulations of the
        Federal Aviation Administration; and
            (4) consider the efficacy of instructor-led online training.
        (c) Pilot Program Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate 1
    year after the date of establishment of the pilot program.
        (d) E-learning Training Program.--Upon termination of the pilot
    program, the Administrator shall assess and establish or update an e-
    learning training program that incorporates lessons learned for covered
    FAA personnel as a result of the pilot program.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Covered faa personnel.--The term ``covered FAA personnel''
        means airway transportation systems specialists and aviation safety
        inspectors of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) E-learning training.--The term ``e-learning training''
        means learning utilizing electronic technologies to access
        educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom.
        SEC. 303. SAFETY CRITICAL STAFFING.
        (a) Update of FAA's Safety Critical Staffing Model.--Not later than
    270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator
    shall update the safety critical staffing model of the Administration
    to determine the number of aviation safety inspectors that will be
    needed to fulfill the safety oversight mission of the Administration.
        (b) Audit by DOT Inspector General.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which
        the Administrator has updated the safety critical staffing model
        under subsection (a), the Inspector General of the Department of
        Transportation shall conduct an audit of the staffing model.
            (2) Contents.--The audit shall include, at a minimum--
                (A) a review of the assumptions and methodologies used in
            devising and implementing the staffing model to assess the
            adequacy of the staffing model in predicting the number of
            aviation safety inspectors needed--
                    (i) to properly fulfill the mission of the
                Administration; and
                    (ii) to meet the future growth of the aviation
                industry; and
                (B) a determination on whether the staffing model takes
            into account the Administration's authority to fully utilize
            designees.
            (3) Report on audit.--
                (A) Report to secretary.--Not later than 30 days after the
            date of completion of the audit, the Inspector General shall
            submit to the Secretary a report on the results of the audit.
                (B) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the
            date of receipt of the report, the Secretary shall submit to
            the appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the report,
            together with, if appropriate, a description of any actions
            taken or to be taken to address the results of the audit.
        SEC. 304. INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS REGARDING TRACKING OF CIVIL
          AIRCRAFT.
        The Administrator shall exercise leadership on creating a global
    approach to improving aircraft tracking by working with--
            (1) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the
        International Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary
        organizations;
            (2) other international organizations and fora; and
            (3) the private sector.
        SEC. 305. AIRCRAFT DATA ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS.
        (a) Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate an assessment of aircraft
    data access and retrieval systems for part 121 air carrier aircraft
    that are used in extended overwater operations to--
            (1) determine if the systems provide improved access and
        retrieval of aircraft data and cockpit voice recordings in the
        event of an aircraft accident; and
            (2) assess the cost effectiveness of each system assessed.
        (b) Systems To Be Examined.--The systems to be examined under this
    section shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) various methods for improving detection and retrieval of
        flight data, including--
                (A) low-frequency underwater locating devices; and
                (B) extended battery life for underwater locating devices;
            (2) automatic deployable flight recorders;
            (3) emergency locator transmitters;
            (4) triggered transmission of flight data and other satellite-
        based solutions;
            (5) distress-mode tracking; and
            (6) protections against disabling flight recorder systems.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of
    the assessment, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the assessment.
        (d) Part 121 Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``part
    121 air carrier'' means an air carrier with authority to conduct
    operations under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        SEC. 306. ADVANCED COCKPIT DISPLAYS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of
    heads-up display systems, heads-down display systems employing
    synthetic vision systems, and enhanced vision systems (in this section
    referred to as ``HUD systems'', ``SVS'', and ``EVS'', respectively).
        (b) Contents.--The review shall--
            (1) evaluate the impacts of single- and dual-installed HUD
        systems, SVS, and EVS on the safety and efficiency of aircraft
        operations within the national airspace system; and
            (2) review a sufficient quantity of commercial aviation
        accidents or incidents in order to evaluate if HUD systems, SVS, or
        EVS would have produced a better outcome in each accident or
        incident.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the review, the Administrator
    shall consult with aviation manufacturers, representatives of pilot
    groups, aviation safety organizations, and any government agencies the
    Administrator considers appropriate.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report containing the results of the review, the actions
    the Administrator plans to take with respect to the systems reviewed,
    and the associated timeline for such actions.
        SEC. 307. EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall evaluate and revise, as
    appropriate, regulations in part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations, regarding emergency medical equipment, including the
    contents of first-aid kits, applicable to all certificate holders
    operating passenger aircraft under that part.
        (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall consider whether the minimum contents of approved
    emergency medical kits, including approved first-aid kits, include
    appropriate medications and equipment to meet the emergency medical
    needs of children and pregnant women.
        SEC. 308. FAA AND NTSB REVIEW OF GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY.
        (a) Study Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the
    Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, shall initiate a
    study of general aviation safety.
        (b) Study Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall
    include--
            (1) a review of all general aviation accidents since 2000,
        including a review of--
                (A) the number of such accidents;
                (B) the number of injuries and fatalities, including with
            respect to both occupants of aircraft and individuals on the
            ground, as a result of such accidents;
                (C) the number of such accidents investigated by the
            National Transportation Safety Board;
                (D) the number of such accidents investigated by the FAA;
            and
                (E) a summary of the factual findings and probable cause
            determinations with respect to such accidents;
            (2) an assessment of the most common probable cause
        determinations issued for general aviation accidents since 2000;
            (3) an assessment of the most common facts analyzed by the FAA
        and the National Transportation Safety Board in the course of
        investigations of general aviation accidents since 2000, including
        operational details;
            (4) a review of the safety recommendations of the National
        Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation accidents
        since 2000;
            (5) an assessment of the responses of the FAA and the general
        aviation community to the safety recommendations of the National
        Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation accidents
        since 2000;
            (6) an assessment of the most common general aviation safety
        issues;
            (7) a review of the total costs to the Federal Government to
        conduct investigations of general aviation accidents over the last
        10 years; and
            (8) other matters the Administrator or the Chairman considers
        appropriate.
        (c) Recommendations and Actions To Address General Aviation
    Safety.--Based on the results of the study required under subsection
    (a), the Administrator, in consultation with the Chairman, shall make
    such recommendations, including with respect to regulations and
    enforcement activities, as the Administrator considers necessary to--
            (1) address general aviation safety issues identified under the
        study;
            (2) protect persons and property on the ground; and
            (3) improve the safety of general aviation operators in the
        United States.
        (d) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Administrator shall have the authority to undertake actions to address
    the recommendations made under subsection (c).
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the results of the study required under
    subsection (a), including the recommendations described in subsection
    (c).
        (f) General Aviation Defined.--In this section, the term ``general
    aviation'' means aircraft operation for personal, recreational, or
    other noncommercial purposes.
        SEC. 309. CALL TO ACTION AIRLINE ENGINE SAFETY REVIEW.
        (a) Call to Action Airline Engine Safety Review.--Not later than 90
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
    initiate a Call to Action safety review on airline engine safety in
    order to bring stakeholders together to share best practices and
    implement actions to address airline engine safety.
        (b) Contents.--The Call to Action safety review required pursuant
    to subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and
        directives related to airline engines during design and production,
        including the oversight of those processes;
            (2) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and
        directives related to airline engine operation and maintenance and
        the oversight of those processes;
            (3) a review of reportable accidents and incidents involving
        airline engines during calendar years 2014 through 2018, including
        any identified contributing factors to the reportable accident or
        incident; and
            (4) a process for stakeholders, including inspectors,
        manufacturers, maintenance providers, airlines, labor, and aviation
        safety experts, to provide feedback and share best practices.
        (c) Report and Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the
    conclusion of the Call to Action safety review pursuant to subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on the results of the review and any recommendations
    for actions or best practices to improve airline engine safety.
        SEC. 310. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACCESS TO AIR CARRIER FLIGHT DECKS.
        It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should
    collaborate with other aviation authorities to advance a global
    standard for access to air carrier flight decks and redundancy
    requirements consistent with the flight deck access and redundancy
    requirements in the United States.
        SEC. 311. PART 135 ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT DATA.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) determine, in collaboration with the National
        Transportation Safety Board and part 135 industry stakeholders,
        what, if any, additional data should be reported as part of an
        accident or incident notice--
                (A) to more accurately measure the safety of on-demand part
            135 aircraft activity;
                (B) to pinpoint safety problems; and
                (C) to form the basis for critical research and analysis of
            general aviation issues; and
            (2) provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of
        Congress on the findings under paragraph (1), including a
        description of any additional data to be collected, a timeframe for
        implementing the additional data collection, and any potential
        obstacles to implementation.
        (b) Definition of Part 135.--In this section, the term ``part 135''
    means part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        SEC. 312. SENSE OF CONGRESS; PILOT IN COMMAND AUTHORITY.
        It is the sense of Congress that the pilot in command of an
    aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to,
    the operation of that aircraft, as set forth in section 91.3(a) of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation
    thereto).
        SEC. 313. REPORT ON CONSPICUITY NEEDS FOR SURFACE VEHICLES
          OPERATING ON THE AIRSIDE OF AIR CARRIER SERVED AIRPORTS.
        (a) Study Required.--The Administrator shall carry out a study on
    the need for the FAA to prescribe conspicuity standards for surface
    vehicles operating on the airside of the categories of airports that
    air carriers serve as specified in subsection (b).
        (b) Covered Airports.--The study required by subsection (a) shall
    cover, at a minimum, 1 large hub airport, 1 medium hub airport, and 1
    small hub airport, as those terms are defined in section 40102 of title
    49, United States Code.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than July 1, 2019, the
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report setting forth the results of the study required by subsection
    (a), including such recommendations as the Administrator considers
    appropriate regarding the need for the Administration to prescribe
    conspicuity standards as described in subsection (a).
        SEC. 314. HELICOPTER AIR AMBULANCE OPERATIONS DATA AND REPORTS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator, in collaboration with helicopter air
    ambulance industry stakeholders, shall assess the availability of
    information to the general public related to the location of heliports
    and helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance services,
    including helipads and helipads outside of those listed as part of any
    existing databases of Airport Master Record (5010) forms.
        (b) Requirements.--Based on the assessment under subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall--
            (1) update, as necessary, any existing guidance on what
        information is included in the current databases of Airport Master
        Record (5010) forms to include information related to heliports and
        helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance services; or
            (2) develop, as appropriate and in collaboration with
        helicopter air ambulance industry stakeholders, a new database of
        heliports and helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance
        services.
        (c) Reports.--
            (1) Assessment report.--Not later than 30 days after the date
        the assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator
        shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on
        the assessment, including any recommendations on how to make
        information related to the location of heliports and helipads used
        by helicopters providing air ambulance services available to the
        general public.
            (2) Implementation report.--Not later than 30 days after
        completing action under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of
        subsection (b), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
        committees of Congress a report on such action.
        (d) Incident and Accident Data.--Section 44731 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
            section, and annually thereafter'' and inserting ``annually'';
                (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``flights and hours
            flown, by registration number, during which helicopters
            operated by the certificate holder were providing helicopter
            air ambulance services'' and inserting ``hours flown by the
            helicopters operated by the certificate holder'';
                (C) in paragraph (3)--
                    (i) by striking ``of flight'' and inserting ``of
                patients transported and the number of patient transport'';
                    (ii) by inserting ``or'' after ``interfacility
                transport,''; and
                    (iii) by striking ``, or ferry or repositioning
                flight'';
                (D) in paragraph (5)--
                    (i) by striking ``flights and''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``while providing air ambulance
                services''; and
                (E) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
            ``(6) The number of hours flown at night by helicopters
        operated by the certificate holder.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                (A) by striking ``Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the
            Administrator shall submit'' and inserting ``The Administrator
            shall submit annually''; and
                (B) by adding at the end the following: ``The report shall
            include the number of accidents experienced by helicopter air
            ambulance operations, the number of fatal accidents experienced
            by helicopter air ambulance operations, and the rate, per
            100,000 flight hours, of accidents and fatal accidents
            experienced by operators providing helicopter air ambulance
            services.'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the
    Administrator, in collaboration with part 135 certificate holders
    providing helicopter air ambulance services, shall--
            ``(1) propose and develop a method to collect and store the
        data submitted under subsection (a), including a method to protect
        the confidentiality of any trade secret or proprietary information
        submitted; and
            ``(2) ensure that the database under subsection (c) and the
        report under subsection (d) include data and analysis that will
        best inform efforts to improve the safety of helicopter air
        ambulance operations.''.
        SEC. 315. AVIATION RULEMAKING COMMITTEE FOR PART 135 PILOT REST AND
          DUTY RULES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene an aviation
    rulemaking committee to review, and develop findings and
    recommendations regarding, pilot rest and duty rules under part 135 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Duties.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this
        Act, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        based on the findings of the aviation rulemaking committee; and
            (2) not later than 1 year after the date of submission of the
        report under paragraph (1), issue a notice of proposed rulemaking
        based on any consensus recommendations reached by the aviation
        rulemaking committee.
        (c) Composition.--The aviation rulemaking committee shall consist
    of members appointed by the Administrator, including--
            (1) representatives of industry;
            (2) representatives of aviation labor organizations, including
        collective bargaining units representing pilots who are covered by
        part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and subpart K of
        part 91 of such title; and
            (3) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of flight
        crewmember education and training requirements under part 135 of
        such title.
        (d) Considerations.--The Administrator shall direct the aviation
    rulemaking committee to consider--
            (1) recommendations of prior part 135 rulemaking committees;
            (2) accommodations necessary for small businesses;
            (3) scientific data derived from aviation-related fatigue and
        sleep research;
            (4) data gathered from aviation safety reporting programs;
            (5) the need to accommodate the diversity of operations
        conducted under part 135, including the unique duty and rest time
        requirements of air ambulance pilots; and
            (6) other items, as appropriate.
        SEC. 316. REPORT ON OBSOLETE TEST EQUIPMENT.
        (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the National Test Equipment Program of the FAA
    (in this section referred to as the ``Program'').
        (b) Contents.--The report shall include--
            (1) a list of all known outstanding requests for test
        equipment, cataloged by type and location, under the Program;
            (2) a description of the current method under the Program of
        ensuring calibrated equipment is in place for utilization;
            (3) a plan by the Administrator for appropriate inventory of
        such equipment;
            (4) the Administrator's recommendations for increasing
        multifunctionality in future test equipment and all known and
        foreseeable manufacturer technological advances; and
            (5) a plan to replace, as appropriate, obsolete test equipment
        throughout the service areas.
        SEC. 317. HELICOPTER FUEL SYSTEM SAFETY.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44737. Helicopter fuel system safety
        ``(a) Prohibition.--
            ``(1) In general.--A person may not operate a covered
        rotorcraft in United States airspace unless the design of the
        rotorcraft is certified by the Administrator of the Federal
        Aviation Administration to--
                ``(A) comply with the requirements applicable to the
            category of the rotorcraft under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (5),
            and (6) of section 27.952(a), section 27.952(c), section
            27.952(f), section 27.952(g), section 27.963(g) (but allowing
            for a minimum puncture force of 250 pounds if successfully drop
            tested in-structure), and section 27.975(b) or paragraphs (1),
            (2), (3), (5), and (6) of section 29.952(a), section 29.952(c),
            section 29.952(f), section 29.952(g), section 29.963(b) (but
            allowing for a minimum puncture force of 250 pounds if
            successfully drop tested in-structure), and 29.975(a)(7) of
            title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date
            of enactment of this section; or
                ``(B) employ other means acceptable to the Administrator to
            provide an equivalent level of fuel system crash resistance.
            ``(2) Covered rotorcraft defined.--In this subsection, the term
        `covered rotorcraft' means a rotorcraft not otherwise required to
        comply with section 27.952, section 27.963, and section 27.975, or
        section 29.952, section 29.963, and section 29.975 of title 14,
        Code of Federal Regulations as in effect on the date of enactment
        of this section for which manufacture was completed, as determined
        by the Administrator, on or after the date that is 18 months after
        the date of enactment of this section.
        ``(b) Administrative Provisions.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) expedite the certification and validation of United
        States and foreign type designs and retrofit kits that improve fuel
        system crashworthiness; and
            ``(2) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
        this section, and periodically thereafter, issue a bulletin to--
                ``(A) inform rotorcraft owners and operators of available
            modifications to improve fuel system crashworthiness; and
                ``(B) urge that such modifications be installed as soon as
            practicable.
        ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed to affect the operation of a rotorcraft by the Department of
    Defense.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``44737. Helicopter fuel system safety.''.
        SEC. 318. APPLICABILITY OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATION STANDARDS TO
          OPERATORS OF AIR BALLOONS.
        (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Commercial
    Balloon Pilot Safety Act of 2018''.
        (b) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise section 61.3(c)
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to second-class
    medical certificates), to apply to an operator of an air balloon to the
    same extent such regulations apply to a pilot flight crewmember of
    other aircraft.
        (c) Air Balloon Defined.--In this section, the term ``air balloon''
    has the meaning given the term ``balloon'' in section 1.1 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or
    ruling).
        SEC. 319. DESIGNATED PILOT EXAMINER REFORMS.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation
    Rulemaking Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the
    ``Committee'') the task of reviewing all regulations and policies
    related to designated pilot examiners appointed under section 183.23 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. The Committee shall focus on the
    processes and requirements by which the FAA selects, trains, and
    deploys individuals as designated pilot examiners, and provide
    recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy changes
    necessary to ensure an adequate number of designated pilot examiners
    are deployed and available to perform their duties. The Committee also
    shall make recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy
    changes if necessary to allow a designated pilot examiner perform a
    daily limit of 3 new check rides with no limit for partial check rides
    and to serve as a designed pilot examiner without regard to any
    individual managing office.
        (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after
    receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator shall
    take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with
    respect to those recommendations.
        SEC. 320. VOLUNTARY REPORTS OF OPERATIONAL OR MAINTENANCE ISSUES
          RELATED TO AVIATION SAFETY.
        (a) In General.--There shall be a presumption that an individual's
    voluntary report of an operational or maintenance issue related to
    aviation safety under an aviation safety action program meets the
    criteria for acceptance as a valid report under such program.
        (b) Disclaimer Required.--Any dissemination, within the
    participating organization, of a report that was submitted and accepted
    under an aviation safety action program pursuant to the presumption
    under subsection (a), but that has not undergone review by an event
    review committee, shall be accompanied by a disclaimer stating that the
    report--
            (1) has not been reviewed by an event review committee tasked
        with reviewing such reports; and
            (2) may subsequently be determined to be ineligible for
        inclusion in the aviation safety action program.
        (c) Rejection of Report.--
            (1) In general.--A report described under subsection (a) shall
        be rejected from an aviation safety action program if, after a
        review of the report, an event review committee tasked with
        reviewing such report, or the Federal Aviation Administration
        member of the event review committee in the case that the review
        committee does not reach consensus, determines that the report
        fails to meet the criteria for acceptance under such program.
            (2) Protections.--In any case in which a report of an
        individual described under subsection (a) is rejected under
        paragraph (1)--
                (A) the enforcement-related incentive offered to the
            individual for making such a report shall not apply; and
                (B) the protection from disclosure of the report itself
            under section 40123 of title 49, United States Code, shall not
            apply.
            (3) Aviation safety action program defined.--In this section,
        the term ``aviation safety action program'' means a program
        established in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration
        Advisory Circular 120-66B, issued November 15, 2002 (including any
        similar successor advisory circular), to allow an individual to
        voluntarily disclose operational or maintenance issues related to
        aviation safety.
        SEC. 321. EVALUATION REGARDING ADDITIONAL GROUND BASED
          TRANSMITTERS.
        The Administrator shall conduct an evaluation of providing
    additional ground based transmitters for Automatic Dependent
    Surveillance-Broadcasts (ADS-B) to provide a minimum operational
    network in Alaska along major flight routes.
        SEC. 322. IMPROVED SAFETY IN RURAL AREAS.
        The Administrator shall permit an air carrier operating pursuant to
    part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to operate to a
    destination with a published approach, in a noncontiguous State under
    instrument flight rules and conduct an instrument approach without a
    destination Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR) if a current Area
    Forecast, supplemented by noncertified local weather observations (such
    as weather cameras and human observations) is available, and an
    alternate airport that has a weather report is specified. The operator
    shall have approved procedures for departure and en route weather
    evaluation.
        SEC. 323. EXIT ROWS.
        (a) Review.--The Administrator shall conduct a review of current
    safety procedures regarding unoccupied exit rows on a covered aircraft
    in passenger air transportation during all stages of flight.
        (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Administrator
    shall consult with air carriers, aviation manufacturers, and labor
    stakeholders.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the results of the review.
        (d) Covered Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered
    aircraft'' means an aircraft operating under part 121 of title 14, Code
    of Federal Regulations.
        SEC. 324. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON FAA ENFORCEMENT POLICY.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Comptroller General of the United States shall complete a study, and
    report to the appropriate committees of Congress on the results
    thereof, on the effectiveness of Order 8000.373, Federal Aviation
    Administration Compliance Philosophy, announced on June 26, 2015. Such
    study shall include information about--
            (1) whether reports of safety incidents increased following the
        order;
            (2) whether reduced enforcement penalties increased the overall
        number of safety incidents that occurred; and
            (3) whether FAA enforcement staff registered complaints about
        reduced enforcement reducing compliance with safety regulations.
        SEC. 325. ANNUAL SAFETY INCIDENT REPORT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator,
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    regarding part 121 airline safety oversight.
        (b) Contents.--The annual report shall include--
            (1) a description of the Federal Aviation Administration's
        safety oversight process to ensure the safety of the traveling
        public;
            (2) a description of risk-based oversight methods applied to
        ensure aviation safety, including to specific issues addressed in
        the year preceding the report that in the determination of the
        Administrator address safety risk; and
            (3) in the instance of specific reviews of air carrier
        performance to safety regulations, a description of cases where the
        timelines for recurrent reviews are advanced.
        SEC. 326. AIRCRAFT AIR QUALITY.
        (a) Educational Materials.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with
    relevant stakeholders, establish and make available on a publicly
    available Internet website of the Administration, educational materials
    for flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance technicians on
    how to respond to incidents on board aircraft involving smoke or fumes.
        (b) Reporting of Incidents of Smoke or Fumes on Board Aircraft.--
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, issue
    guidance for flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance
    technicians to report incidents of smoke or fumes on board an aircraft
    operated by a commercial air carrier and with respect to the basis on
    which commercial air carriers shall report such incidents through the
    Service Difficulty Reporting System.
        (c) Research to Develop Techniques to Monitor Bleed Air Quality.--
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall commission a study by the Airliner Cabin
    Environment Research Center of Excellence--
            (1) to identify and measure the constituents and levels of
        constituents resulting from bleed air in the cabins of a
        representative set of commercial aircraft in operation of the
        United States;
            (2) to assess the potential health effects of such constituents
        on passengers and cabin and flight deck crew;
            (3) to identify technologies suitable to provide reliable and
        accurate warning of bleed air contamination, including technologies
        to effectively monitor the aircraft air supply system when the
        aircraft is in flight; and
            (4) to identify potential techniques to prevent fume events.
        (d) Report Required.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the feasibility,
    efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of certification and installation of
    systems to evaluate bleed air quality.
        (e) Pilot Program.--The FAA may conduct a pilot program to evaluate
    the effectiveness of technologies identified in subsection (c).
        SEC. 327. APPROACH CONTROL RADAR.
        The Administrator shall--
            (1) identify airports that are currently served by FAA towers
        with nonradar approach and departure control (type 4 classification
        in the Federal Aviation Administration OPSNET); and
            (2) develop an implementation plan, which takes into account
        budgetary and flight volume considerations, to provide an airport
        identified under paragraph (1), if appropriate, with approach
        control radar.
        SEC. 328. REPORT ON AIRLINE AND PASSENGER SAFETY.
        (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on airline and passenger safety.
        (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall
    include--
            (1) the average age of commercial aircraft owned and operated
        by United States air carriers;
            (2) the over-all use of planes, including average lifetime of
        commercial aircraft;
            (3) the number of hours aircraft are in flight over the life of
        the aircraft and the average number of hours on domestic and
        international flights, respectively;
            (4) the impact of metal fatigue on aircraft usage and safety;
            (5) a review on contractor assisted maintenance of commercial
        aircraft; and
            (6) a re-evaluation of the rules on inspection of aging
        airplanes.
        SEC. 329. PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARDS.
        The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent possible and
    consistent with Federal law, and based on input by the public, ensure
    that regulations, guidance, and policies issued by the FAA on and after
    the date of enactment of this Act are issued in the form of
    performance-based standards, providing an equal or higher level of
    safety.
        SEC. 330. REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON CERTAIN AVIATION SAFETY
          RISKS.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report that--
            (1) identifies safety risks associated with power outages at
        airports caused by weather or other factors, and recommends actions
        to improve resilience of aviation communication, navigation, and
        surveillance systems in the event of such outages; and
            (2) reviews alerting mechanisms, devices, and procedures for
        enhancing the situational awareness of pilots and air traffic
        controllers in the event of a failure or an irregularity of runway
        lights, and provides recommendations on the further implementation
        of such mechanisms, devices, or procedures.
        SEC. 331. REVIEW OF FAA'S AVIATION SAFETY INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND
          SHARING SYSTEM.
        (a) Audit by Department of Transportation Inspector General.--Not
    later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall initiate a
    follow-up review of the FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and
    Sharing (ASIAS) system to assess FAA's efforts and plans to improve the
    system.
        (b) Review.--The review shall include, at a minimum, an evaluation
    of FAA's efforts to improve the ASIAS system's predictive capabilities
    and solutions developed to more widely disseminate results of ASIAS
    data analyses, as well as an update on previous inspector general
    recommendations to improve this safety analysis and sharing system.
        (c) Report.--The inspector general shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the review carried
    out under this section and any recommendations to improve FAA's ASIAS
    system.
        SEC. 332. AIRPORT RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING.
        (a) Firefighting Foam.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, using the latest version of
    National Fire Protection Association 403, ``Standard for Aircraft
    Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services at Airports'', and in coordination
    with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, aircraft
    manufacturers and airports, shall not require the use of fluorinated
    chemicals to meet the performance standards referenced in chapter 6 of
    AC No: 150/5210-6D and acceptable under 139.319(l) of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations.
        (b) Training Facilities.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress--
            (1) a report on the number and sufficiency of aircraft rescue
        and firefighting training facilities in each FAA region; and
            (2) a plan, if appropriate, to address any coverage gaps
        identified in the report.
        SEC. 333. SAFE AIR TRANSPORTATION OF LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES.
        (a) Harmonization With ICAO Technical Instructions.--
            (1) Adoption of icao instructions.--
                (A) In general.--Pursuant to section 828 of the FAA
            Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note),
            not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
            the Secretary of Transportation shall conform United States
            regulations on the air transport of lithium cells and batteries
            with the lithium cells and battery requirements in the 2015-
            2016 edition of the International Civil Aviation Organization's
            (referred to in this subsection as ``ICAO'') Technical
            Instructions (to include all addenda), including the revised
            standards adopted by ICAO which became effective on April 1,
            2016 and any further revisions adopted by ICAO prior to the
            effective date of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018.
                (B) Further proceedings.--Beginning on the date the revised
            regulations under subparagraph (A) are published in the Federal
            Register, any lithium cell and battery rulemaking action or
            update commenced on or after that date shall continue to comply
            with the requirements under section 828 of the FAA
            Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
            (2) Review of other regulations.--Pursuant to section 828 of
        the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701
        note), the Secretary of Transportation may initiate a review of
        other existing regulations regarding the air transportation,
        including passenger-carrying and cargo aircraft, of lithium
        batteries and cells.
        (b) Medical Device Batteries.--
            (1) In general.--For United States applicants, the Secretary of
        Transportation shall consider and either grant or deny, not later
        than 45 days after receipt of an application, an application
        submitted in compliance with part 107 of title 49, Code of Federal
        Regulations, for special permits or approvals for air
        transportation of lithium ion cells or batteries specifically used
        by medical devices. Not later than 30 days after the date of
        application, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
        Administration shall provide a draft special permit to the Federal
        Aviation Administration based on the application. The Federal
        Aviation Administration shall conduct an on-site inspection for
        issuance of the special permit not later than 20 days after the
        date of receipt of the draft special permit from the Pipeline and
        Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.
            (2) Limited exceptions to restrictions on air transportation of
        medical device batteries.--The Secretary shall issue limited
        exceptions to the restrictions on transportation of lithium ion and
        lithium metal batteries to allow the shipment on a passenger
        aircraft of not more than 2 replacement batteries specifically used
        for a medical device if--
                (A) the intended destination of the batteries is not
            serviced daily by cargo aircraft if a battery is required for
            medically necessary care; and
                (B) with regard to a shipper of lithium ion or lithium
            metal batteries for medical devices that cannot comply with a
            charge limitation in place at the time, each battery is--
                    (i) individually packed in an inner packaging that
                completely encloses the battery;
                    (ii) placed in a rigid outer packaging; and
                    (iii) protected to prevent a short circuit.
            (3) Medial device defined.--ln this subsection, the term
        ``medical device'' means an instrument, apparatus, implement,
        machine, contrivance, implant, or in vitro reagent, including any
        component, part, or accessory thereof, which is intended for use in
        the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure,
        mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, of a person.
            (4) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be
        construed as expanding or constricting any other authority the
        Secretary of Transportation has under section 828 of the FAA
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
        (c) Lithium Battery Safety Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall
        establish a lithium battery safety working group (referred to as
        the ``working group'' in this section) to promote and coordinate
        efforts related to the promotion of the safe manufacture, use, and
        transportation of lithium batteries and cells.
            (2) Duties.--The working group shall coordinate and facilitate
        the transfer of knowledge and expertise among the following Federal
        agencies:
                (A) The Department of Transportation.
                (B) The Consumer Product Safety Commission.
                (C) The National Institute on Standards and Technology.
                (D) The Food and Drug Administration.
            (3) Members.--The Secretary shall appoint not more than 8
        members to the working group with expertise in the safe
        manufacture, use, or transportation of lithium batteries and cells.
            (4) Subcommittees.--The Secretary, or members of the working
        group, may--
                (A) establish working group subcommittees to focus on
            specific issues related to the safe manufacture, use, or
            transportation of lithium batteries and cells; and
                (B) include in a subcommittee the participation of
            nonmember stakeholders with expertise in areas that the
            Secretary or members consider necessary.
            (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date it is
        established, the working group shall--
                (A) identify and assess--
                    (i) additional ways to decrease the risk of fires and
                explosions from lithium batteries and cells;
                    (ii) additional ways to ensure uniform transportation
                requirements for both bulk and individual batteries; and
                    (iii) new or existing technologies that may reduce the
                fire and explosion risk of lithium batteries and cells; and
                (B) transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
            report on the assessments conducted under subparagraph (A),
            including any legislative recommendations to effectuate the
            safety improvements described in clauses (i) through (iii) of
            that subparagraph.
            (6) Termination.--The working group, and any working group
        subcommittees, shall terminate 90 days after the date the report is
        transmitted under paragraph (5).
        (d) Lithium Battery Air Safety Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish, in accordance
        with the requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5
        U.S.C. App.), a lithium ion and lithium metal battery air safety
        advisory committee (in this subsection referred to as the
        ``Committee'').
            (2) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                (A) facilitate communication between manufacturers of
            lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries,
            manufacturers of products incorporating both large and small
            lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, air carriers, and the
            Federal Government regarding the safe air transportation of
            lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries and the
            effectiveness and economic and social impacts of the regulation
            of such transportation;
                (B) provide the Secretary, the Federal Aviation
            Administration, and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
            Administration with timely information about new lithium ion
            and lithium metal battery technology and transportation safety
            practices and methodologies;
                (C) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide
            information on and to discuss the activities of the Department
            of Transportation relating to lithium ion and lithium metal
            battery transportation safety, the policies underlying the
            activities, and positions to be advocated in international
            forums;
                (D) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide
            information and receive advice on--
                    (i) activities carried out throughout the world to
                communicate and enforce relevant United States regulations
                and the ICAO Technical Instructions; and
                    (ii) the effectiveness of the activities;
                (E) provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary
            with respect to lithium ion and lithium metal battery air
            transportation safety, including how best to implement
            activities to increase awareness of relevant requirements and
            their importance to travelers and shippers; and
                (F) review methods to decrease the risk posed by air
            shipment of undeclared hazardous materials and efforts to
            educate those who prepare and offer hazardous materials for
            shipment via air transport.
            (3) Membership.--The Committee shall be composed of the
        following members:
                (A) Individuals appointed by the Secretary to represent--
                    (i) large volume manufacturers of lithium ion and
                lithium metal cells and batteries;
                    (ii) domestic manufacturers of lithium ion and lithium
                metal batteries or battery packs;
                    (iii) manufacturers of consumer products powered by
                lithium ion and lithium metal batteries;
                    (iv) manufacturers of vehicles powered by lithium ion
                and lithium metal batteries;
                    (v) marketers of products powered by lithium ion and
                lithium metal batteries;
                    (vi) cargo air service providers based in the United
                States;
                    (vii) passenger air service providers based in the
                United States;
                    (viii) pilots and employees of air service providers
                described in clauses (vi) and (vii);
                    (ix) shippers of lithium ion and lithium metal
                batteries for air transportation;
                    (x) manufacturers of battery-powered medical devices or
                batteries used in medical devices; and
                    (xi) employees of the Department of Transportation,
                including employees of the Federal Aviation Administration
                and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
                Administration.
                (B) Representatives of such other Government departments
            and agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate.
                (C) Any other individuals the Secretary determines are
            appropriate to comply with Federal law.
            (4) Report.--
                (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the
            establishment of the Committee, the Committee shall submit to
            the Secretary and the appropriate committees of Congress a
            report that--
                    (i) describes and evaluates the steps being taken in
                the private sector and by international regulatory
                authorities to implement and enforce requirements relating
                to the safe transportation by air of bulk shipments of
                lithium ion cells and batteries; and
                    (ii) identifies any areas of enforcement or regulatory
                requirements for which there is consensus that greater
                attention is needed.
                (B) Independent statements.--Each member of the Committee
            shall be provided an opportunity to submit an independent
            statement of views with the report submitted pursuant to
            subparagraph (A).
            (5) Meetings.--
                (A) In general.--The Committee shall meet at the direction
            of the Secretary and at least twice a year.
                (B) Preparation for icao meetings.--Notwithstanding
            subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall convene a meeting of the
            Committee in connection with and in advance of each meeting of
            the International Civil Aviation Organization, or any of its
            panels or working groups, addressing the safety of air
            transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries to
            brief Committee members on positions to be taken by the United
            States at such meeting and provide Committee members a
            meaningful opportunity to comment.
            (6) Termination.--The Committee shall terminate on the date
        that is 6 years after the date on which the Committee is
        established.
            (7) Termination of future of aviation advisory committee.--The
        Future of Aviation Advisory Committee shall terminate on the date
        on which the lithium ion battery air safety advisory committee is
        established.
        (e) Cooperative Efforts to Ensure Compliance With Safety
    Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in
        coordination with appropriate Federal agencies, shall carry out
        cooperative efforts to ensure that shippers who offer lithium ion
        and lithium metal batteries for air transport to or from the United
        States comply with U.S. Hazardous Materials Regulations and ICAO
        Technical Instructions.
            (2) Cooperative efforts.--The cooperative efforts the Secretary
        shall carry out pursuant to paragraph (1) include the following:
                (A) Encouraging training programs at locations outside the
            United States from which substantial cargo shipments of lithium
            ion or lithium metal batteries originate for manufacturers,
            freight forwarders, and other shippers and potential shippers
            of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries.
                (B) Working with Federal, regional, and international
            transportation agencies to ensure enforcement of U.S. Hazardous
            Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions with
            respect to shippers who offer noncompliant shipments of lithium
            ion and lithium metal batteries.
                (C) Sharing information, as appropriate, with Federal,
            regional, and international transportation agencies regarding
            noncompliant shipments.
                (D) Pursuing a joint effort with the international aviation
            community to develop a process to obtain assurances that
            appropriate enforcement actions are taken to reduce the
            likelihood of noncompliant shipments, especially with respect
            to jurisdictions in which enforcement activities historically
            have been limited.
                (E) Providing information in brochures and on the internet
            in appropriate foreign languages and dialects that describes
            the actions required to comply with U.S. Hazardous Materials
            Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
                (F) Developing joint efforts with the international
            aviation community to promote a better understanding of the
            requirements of and methods of compliance with U.S. Hazardous
            Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
            (3) Reporting.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 2 years, the
        Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
        report on compliance with the policy set forth in subsection (e)
        and the cooperative efforts carried out, or planned to be carried
        out, under this subsection.
        (f) Packaging Improvements.--Not later than 180 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with
    interested stakeholders, shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress an evaluation of current practices for the packaging of
    lithium ion batteries and cells for air transportation, including
    recommendations, if any, to improve the packaging of such batteries and
    cells for air transportation in a safe, efficient, and cost-effective
    manner.
        (g) Department of Transportation Policy on International
    Representation.--
            (1) In general.--It shall be the policy of the Department of
        Transportation to support the participation of industry and labor
        stakeholders in all panels and working groups of the dangerous
        goods panel of the ICAO and any other international test or
        standard setting organization that considers proposals on the
        safety or transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries
        in which the United States participates.
            (2) Participation.--The Secretary of Transportation shall
        request that as part of the ICAO deliberations in the dangerous
        goods panel on these issues, that appropriate experts on issues
        under consideration be allowed to participate.
        (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) ICAO technical instructions.--The term ``ICAO Technical
        Instructions'' has the meaning given that term in section 828(c) of
        the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701
        note).
            (2) U.S. hazardous materials regulations.--The term ``U.S.
        Hazardous Materials Regulations'' means the regulations in parts
        100 through 177 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (including
        amendments adopted after the date of enactment of this Act).
        SEC. 334. RUNWAY SAFETY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on improving runway safety.
        (b) Contents.--In the report required under this section, the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) review the relative benefits and risks of requiring the use
        of runway awareness and advisory systems in turbine-powered
        airplanes with a maximum takeoff weight greater than 19,000 pounds;
            (2) review systems capable of detecting wrong-surface alignment
        to determine whether the capability exists to detect imminent
        wrong-surface landings at each airport where such a system is in
        use;
            (3) describe information gathered from the use of the Airport
        Surface Surveillance Capability system at San Francisco
        International Airport since July 2017;
            (4) assess available technologies to determine whether it is
        feasible, cost-effective, and appropriate to install and deploy, at
        any airport, systems to provide a direct warning capability to
        flight crews or air traffic controllers, or both, of potential
        runway incursions; and
            (5) describe FAA efforts to develop metrics that would allow
        the FAA to determine whether runway incursions are increasing and
        to assess the effectiveness of implemented runway safety
        initiatives.
        (c) Consultation.--The Administrator shall consult with the
    National Transportation Safety Board in developing the report required
    under this section.
        SEC. 335. FLIGHT ATTENDANT DUTY PERIOD LIMITATIONS AND REST
          REQUIREMENTS.
        (a) Modification of Final Rule.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall modify
        the final rule of the Federal Aviation Administration published in
        the Federal Register on August 19, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 42974;
        relating to flight attendant duty period limitations and rest
        requirements) in accordance with the requirements of this
        subsection.
            (2) Contents.--The final rule, as modified under paragraph (1),
        shall ensure that--
                (A) a flight attendant scheduled to a duty period of 14
            hours or less is given a scheduled rest period of at least 10
            consecutive hours; and
                (B) the rest period is not reduced under any circumstances.
        (b) Fatigue Risk Management Plan.--
            (1) Submission of plan by part 121 air carriers.--Not later
        than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, each air
        carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
        Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part 121 air
        carrier''), shall submit to the Administrator of the Federal
        Aviation Administration for review and acceptance a fatigue risk
        management plan for the carrier's flight attendants.
            (2) Contents of plan.--A fatigue risk management plan submitted
        by a part 121 air carrier under paragraph (1) shall include the
        following:
                (A) Current flight time and duty period limitations.
                (B) A rest scheme consistent with such limitations that
            enables the management of flight attendant fatigue, including
            annual training to increase awareness of--
                    (i) fatigue;
                    (ii) the effects of fatigue on flight attendants; and
                    (iii) fatigue countermeasures.
                (C) Development and use of a methodology that continually
            assesses the effectiveness of implementation of the plan,
            including the ability of the plan--
                    (i) to improve alertness; and
                    (ii) to mitigate performance errors.
            (3) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
        of this Act, the Administrator shall review and accept or reject
        each fatigue risk management plan submitted under this subsection.
        If the Administrator rejects a plan, the Administrator shall
        provide suggested modifications for resubmission of the plan.
            (4) Plan updates.--
                (A) In general.--A part 121 air carrier shall update its
            fatigue risk management plan under paragraph (1) every 2 years
            and submit the update to the Administrator for review and
            acceptance.
                (B) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            submission of a plan update under subparagraph (A), the
            Administrator shall review and accept or reject the update. If
            the Administrator rejects an update, the Administrator shall
            provide suggested modifications for resubmission of the update.
            (5) Compliance.--A part 121 air carrier shall comply with the
        fatigue risk management plan of the air carrier that is accepted by
        the Administrator under this subsection.
            (6) Civil penalties.--A violation of this subsection by a part
        121 air carrier shall be treated as a violation of chapter 447 of
        title 49, United States Code, for purposes of the application of
        civil penalties under chapter 463 of that title.
        SEC. 336. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS.
        (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Saracini
    Aviation Safety Act of 2018''.
        (b) Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue an order requiring installation of a
    secondary cockpit barrier on each new aircraft that is manufactured for
    delivery to a passenger air carrier in the United States operating
    under the provisions of part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations.
        SEC. 337. AIRCRAFT CABIN EVACUATION PROCEDURES.
        (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall review--
            (1) evacuation certification of transport-category aircraft
        used in air transportation, with regard to--
                (A) emergency conditions, including impacts into water;
                (B) crew procedures used for evacuations under actual
            emergency conditions;
                (C) any relevant changes to passenger demographics and
            legal requirements, including the Americans with Disabilities
            Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), that affect emergency
            evacuations; and
                (D) any relevant changes to passenger seating
            configurations, including changes to seat width, padding,
            reclining, size, pitch, leg room, and aisle width; and
            (2) recent accidents and incidents in which passengers
        evacuated such aircraft.
        (b) Consultation; Review of Data.--In conducting the review under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) consult with the National Transportation Safety Board,
        transport-category aircraft manufacturers, air carriers, and other
        relevant experts and Federal agencies, including groups
        representing passengers, airline crew members, maintenance
        employees, and emergency responders; and
            (2) review relevant data with respect to evacuation
        certification of transport-category aircraft.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the
    review under subsection (a) and related recommendations, if any,
    including recommendations for revisions to the assumptions and methods
    used for assessing evacuation certification of transport-category
    aircraft.
        SEC. 338. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
        It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) each air carrier should have in place policies and
        procedures to address sexual misconduct, including policies and
        procedures to--
                (B) facilitate the reporting of sexual misconduct to
            appropriate law enforcement agencies;
                (C) communicate to personnel and passengers of the air
            carrier the rights of such individuals with respect to sexual
            misconduct;
                (D) train personnel of the air carrier to recognize and
            respond appropriately to, and to notify the appropriate law
            enforcement agency of, sexual misconduct; and
                (E) ensure other appropriate actions are undertaken to
            respond effectively to sexual misconduct; and
            (2) individuals who perpetrate sexual misconduct should be held
        accountable under all applicable Federal and State laws.
        SEC. 339. CIVIL PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE.
        (a) Interference With Cabin or Flight Crew.--Section 46318(a) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``or sexually'' after ``physically'' each
        place it appears; and
            (2) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$35,000''.
    SEC. 339A. NATIONAL IN-FLIGHT SEXUAL MISCONDUCT TASK FORCE.
        (a) Establishment of Task Force.--The Secretary of Transportation
    shall establish a task force, to be known as the ``National In-Flight
    Sexual Misconduct Task Force'' (referred to in this section as ``Task
    Force'') to--
            (1) review current practices, protocols and requirements of air
        carriers in responding to allegations of sexual misconduct by
        passengers onboard aircraft, including training, reporting and data
        collection; and
            (2) provide recommendations on training, reporting and data
        collection regarding allegations of sexual misconduct occurring on
        passenger airline flights that are informed by the review of
        information described in paragraph (1) and subsection (c)(5) on
        passengers who have experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.
        (b) Membership.--The Task Force shall be composed of, at a minimum,
    representatives from--
            (1) Department of Transportation;
            (2) Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of
        Investigation, Office of Victims for Crimes, and the Office on
        Violence Against Women;
            (3) National organizations that specialize in providing
        services to sexual assault victims;
            (4) labor organizations that represent flight attendants;
            (5) labor organizations that represent pilots;
            (6) airports;
            (7) air carriers;
            (8) State and local law enforcement agencies; and
            (9) such other Federal agencies and stakeholder organizations
        as the Secretary of Transportation considers appropriate.
        (c) Purpose of Task Force.--The purpose of the Task Force shall be
    to--
            (1) issue recommendations for addressing allegations of sexual
        misconduct by passengers onboard aircraft, including airline
        employee and contractor training;
            (2) issue recommendations on effective ways for passengers
        involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct to report such
        allegation of sexual misconduct;
            (3) issue recommendations on how to most effectively provide
        data on instances of alleged sexual misconduct onboard aircraft and
        to whom the data collected should be reported in a manner that
        protects the privacy and confidentiality of individuals involved in
        incidents of alleged sexual misconduct and precludes the release of
        data that publically identifies an individual air carrier to enable
        better understanding of the frequency and severity of such
        misconduct;
            (4) issue recommendations for flight attendants, pilots, and
        other appropriate airline personnel on law enforcement notification
        in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct;
            (5) review and utilize first-hand accounts from passengers who
        have experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft; and
            (6) other matters deemed necessary by the Task Force.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Task Force shall submit a report with its recommendations
    and findings developed pursuant to subsection (c) to the Secretary of
    Transportation.
        (e) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after receiving the report
    required under subsection (d) the Secretary of Transportation, in
    coordination with relevant federal agencies, shall submit to
    appropriate committees of Congress a plan to address the
    recommendations in the report required under subsection (d). The
    Secretary of Transportation shall make changes to guidance, policies
    and regulations, as necessary, within 1 year of submitting the plan
    required in this subsection.
        (f) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after submitting the plan
    required in this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation may issue
    regulations as deemed necessary to require each air carrier and other
    covered entity to develop a policy concerning sexual misconduct in
    accordance with the recommendations and findings of the Task Force
    under subsection (c).
        (g) Sunset.--The Task Force established pursuant to subsection (a)
    shall terminate upon the submission of the report pursuant to
    subsection (d).
    SEC. 339B. REPORTING PROCESS FOR SEXUAL MISCONDUCT ONBOARD AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in coordination with
    relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a streamlined process, based
    on the plan required under section 339A(e) of this Act, for individuals
    involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct onboard aircraft to
    report such allegations of sexual misconduct to law enforcement in a
    manner that protects the privacy and confidentiality of individuals
    involved in such allegations.
        (b) Availability of Reporting Process.--The process for reporting
    established under subsection (a) shall be made available to the public
    on the primary Internet websites of--
            (1) the Office for Victims of Crime and the Office on Violence
        Against Women of the Department of Justice;
            (2) the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
            (3) the Department of Transportation.

                     Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

        SEC. 341. DEFINITIONS; INTEGRATION OF CIVIL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
          SYSTEMS INTO NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.
        (a) In General.--Part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 447 the following:

                    ``CHAPTER 448--UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

    ``Sec.
    ``44801. Definitions.
    ``44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into national
              airspace system.

    ``Sec. 44801. Definitions
        ``In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Actively tethered unmanned aircraft system.--The term
        `actively tethered unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned
        aircraft system in which the unmanned aircraft component--
                ``(A) weighs 4.4 pounds or less, including payload but not
            including the tether;
                ``(B) is physically attached to a ground station with a
            taut, appropriately load-rated tether that provides continuous
            power to the unmanned aircraft and is unlikely to be separated
            from the unmanned aircraft; and
                ``(C) is controlled and retrieved by such ground station
            through physical manipulation of the tether.
            ``(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
        `appropriate committees of Congress' means the Committee on
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives.
            ``(3) Arctic.--The term `Arctic' means the United States zone
        of the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and Bering Sea north of the
        Aleutian chain.
            ``(4) Certificate of waiver; certificate of authorization.--The
        terms `certificate of waiver' and `certificate of authorization'
        mean a Federal Aviation Administration grant of approval for a
        specific flight operation.
            ``(5) Counter-UAS system.--The term `counter-UAS system' means
        a system or device capable of lawfully and safely disabling,
        disrupting, or seizing control of an unmanned aircraft or unmanned
        aircraft system.
            ``(6) Permanent areas.--The term `permanent areas' means areas
        on land or water that provide for launch, recovery, and operation
        of small unmanned aircraft.
            ``(7) Public unmanned aircraft system.--The term `public
        unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned aircraft system that
        meets the qualifications and conditions required for operation of a
        public aircraft.
            ``(8) Sense and avoid capability.--The term `sense and avoid
        capability' means the capability of an unmanned aircraft to remain
        a safe distance from and to avoid collisions with other airborne
        aircraft, structures on the ground, and other objects.
            ``(9) Small unmanned aircraft.--The term `small unmanned
        aircraft' means an unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds,
        including the weight of anything attached to or carried by the
        aircraft.
            ``(10) Test range.--The term `test range' means a defined
        geographic area where research and development are conducted as
        authorized by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration, and includes any of the 6 test ranges established
        by the Administrator under section 332(c) of the FAA Modernization
        and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), as in effect on the
        day before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of
        2018, and any public entity authorized by the Federal Aviation
        Administration as an unmanned aircraft system flight test center
        before January 1, 2009.
            ``(11) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' means
        an aircraft that is operated without the possibility of direct
        human intervention from within or on the aircraft.
            ``(12) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term `unmanned aircraft
        system' means an unmanned aircraft and associated elements
        (including communication links and the components that control the
        unmanned aircraft) that are required for the operator to operate
        safely and efficiently in the national airspace system.
            ``(13) UTM.--The term `UTM' means an unmanned aircraft system
        traffic management system or service.
    ``Sec. 44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into
         national airspace system
        ``(a) Required Planning for Integration.--
            ``(1) Comprehensive plan.--Not later than November 10, 2012,
        the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with
        representatives of the aviation industry, Federal agencies that
        employ unmanned aircraft systems technology in the national
        airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft systems industry, shall
        develop a comprehensive plan to safely accelerate the integration
        of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace
        system.
            ``(2) Contents of plan.--The plan required under paragraph (1)
        shall contain, at a minimum, recommendations or projections on--
                ``(A) the rulemaking to be conducted under subsection (b),
            with specific recommendations on how the rulemaking will--
                    ``(i) define the acceptable standards for operation and
                certification of civil unmanned aircraft systems;
                    ``(ii) ensure that any civil unmanned aircraft system
                includes a sense-and-avoid capability; and
                    ``(iii) establish standards and requirements for the
                operator and pilot of a civil unmanned aircraft system,
                including standards and requirements for registration and
                licensing;
                ``(B) the best methods to enhance the technologies and
            subsystems necessary to achieve the safe and routine operation
            of civil unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace
            system;
                ``(C) a phased-in approach to the integration of civil
            unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system;
                ``(D) a timeline for the phased-in approach described under
            subparagraph (C);
                ``(E) creation of a safe airspace designation for
            cooperative manned and unmanned flight operations in the
            national airspace system;
                ``(F) establishment of a process to develop certification,
            flight standards, and air traffic requirements for civil
            unmanned aircraft systems at test ranges where such systems are
            subject to testing;
                ``(G) the best methods to ensure the safe operation of
            civil unmanned aircraft systems and public unmanned aircraft
            systems simultaneously in the national airspace system; and
                ``(H) incorporation of the plan into the annual NextGen
            Implementation Plan document (or any successor document) of the
            Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) Deadline.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall
        provide for the safe integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems
        into the national airspace system as soon as practicable, but not
        later than September 30, 2015.
            ``(4) Report to congress.--Not later than February 14, 2013,
        the Secretary shall submit to Congress a copy of the plan required
        under paragraph (1).
            ``(5) Roadmap.--Not later than February 14, 2013, the Secretary
        shall approve and make available in print and on the
        Administration's internet website a 5-year roadmap for the
        introduction of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national
        airspace system, as coordinated by the Unmanned Aircraft Program
        Office of the Administration. The Secretary shall update, in
        coordination with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
        Space Administration (NASA) and relevant stakeholders, including
        those in industry and academia, the roadmap annually. The roadmap
        shall include, at a minimum--
                ``(A) cost estimates, planned schedules, and performance
            benchmarks, including specific tasks, milestones, and
            timelines, for unmanned aircraft systems integration into the
            national airspace system, including an identification of--
                    ``(i) the role of the unmanned aircraft systems test
                ranges established under subsection (c) and the Unmanned
                Aircraft Systems Center of Excellence;
                    ``(ii) performance objectives for unmanned aircraft
                systems that operate in the national airspace system; and
                    ``(iii) research and development priorities for tools
                that could assist air traffic controllers as unmanned
                aircraft systems are integrated into the national airspace
                system, as appropriate;
                ``(B) a description of how the Administration plans to use
            research and development, including research and development
            conducted through NASA's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic
            Management initiatives, to accommodate, integrate, and provide
            for the evolution of unmanned aircraft systems in the national
            airspace system;
                ``(C) an assessment of critical performance abilities
            necessary to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the
            national airspace system, and how these performance abilities
            can be demonstrated; and
                ``(D) an update on the advancement of technologies needed
            to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national
            airspace system, including decisionmaking by adaptive systems,
            such as sense-and-avoid capabilities and cyber physical systems
            security.
        ``(b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after the date on which
    the plan required under subsection (a)(1) is submitted to Congress
    under subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal
    Register--
            ``(1) a final rule on small unmanned aircraft systems that will
        allow for civil operation of such systems in the national airspace
        system, to the extent the systems do not meet the requirements for
        expedited operational authorization under section 44807;
            ``(2) a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement the
        recommendations of the plan required under subsection (a)(1), with
        the final rule to be published not later than 16 months after the
        date of publication of the notice; and
            ``(3) an update to the Administration's most recent policy
        statement on unmanned aircraft systems, contained in Docket No.
        FAA-2006-25714.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of chapters.--The table of chapters for subtitle VII
        of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the
        item relating to chapter 447 the following:

    ``448 . Unmanned aircraft systems...............................44801''.

            (2) Repeal.--Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform
        Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that
        section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are
        repealed.
        SEC. 342. UPDATE OF FAA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall update the
    comprehensive plan described in section 44802 of title 49, United
    States Code, to develop a concept of operations for the integration of
    unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the update under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) the potential use of UTM and other technologies to ensure
        the safe and lawful operation of unmanned aircraft in the national
        airspace system;
            (2) the appropriate roles, responsibilities, and authorities of
        government agencies and the private sector in identifying and
        reporting unlawful or harmful operations and operators of unmanned
        aircraft;
            (3) the use of models, threat assessments, probabilities, and
        other methods to distinguish between lawful and unlawful operations
        of unmanned aircraft; and
            (4) appropriate systems, training, intergovernmental processes,
        protocols, and procedures to mitigate risks and hazards posed by
        unlawful or harmful operations of unmanned aircraft systems.
        (c) Consultation.--The Secretary shall carry out the update under
    subsection (a) in consultation with representatives of the aviation
    industry, Federal agencies that employ unmanned aircraft systems
    technology in the national airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft
    systems industry.
        (d) Program Alignment Report.--Not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress, a report that describes a strategy
    to--
            (1) avoid duplication;
            (2) leverage capabilities learned across programs;
            (3) support the safe integration of UAS into the national
        airspace; and
            (4) systematically and timely implement or execute--
                (A) commercially-operated Low Altitude Authorization and
            Notification Capability;
                (B) the Unmanned Aircraft System Integration Pilot Program;
            and
                (C) the Unmanned Traffic Management Pilot Program.
        SEC. 343. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TEST RANGES.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44803. Unmanned aircraft test ranges
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall carry out and update, as appropriate, a program
    for the use of the test ranges to facilitate the safe integration of
    unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system.
        ``(b) Program Requirements.--In carrying out the program under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) designate airspace for safely testing the integration of
        unmanned flight operations in the national airspace system;
            ``(2) develop operational standards and air traffic
        requirements for unmanned flight operations at test ranges;
            ``(3) coordinate with, and leverage the resources of, the
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of
        Defense;
            ``(4) address both civil and public unmanned aircraft systems;
            ``(5) ensure that the program is coordinated with relevant
        aspects of the Next Generation Air Transportation System;
            ``(6) provide for verification of the safety of unmanned
        aircraft systems and related navigation procedures as it relates to
        continued development of standards for integration into the
        national airspace system;
            ``(7) engage test range operators, as necessary and within
        available resources, in projects for research, development,
        testing, and evaluation of unmanned aircraft systems to facilitate
        the Federal Aviation Administration's development of standards for
        the safe integration of unmanned aircraft into the national
        airspace system, which may include solutions for--
                ``(A) developing and enforcing geographic and altitude
            limitations;
                ``(B) providing for alerts by the manufacturer of an
            unmanned aircraft system regarding any hazards or limitations
            on flight, including prohibition on flight as necessary;
                ``(C) sense and avoid capabilities;
                ``(D) beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations, nighttime
            operations, operations over people, operation of multiple small
            unmanned aircraft systems, and unmanned aircraft systems
            traffic management, or other critical research priorities; and
                ``(E) improving privacy protections through the use of
            advances in unmanned aircraft systems technology;
            ``(8) coordinate periodically with all test range operators to
        ensure test range operators know which data should be collected,
        what procedures should be followed, and what research would advance
        efforts to safely integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the
        national airspace system;
            ``(9) streamline to the extent practicable the approval process
        for test ranges when processing unmanned aircraft certificates of
        waiver or authorization for operations at the test sites;
            ``(10) require each test range operator to protect proprietary
        technology, sensitive data, or sensitive research of any civil or
        private entity when using that test range without the need to
        obtain an experimental or special airworthiness certificate;
            ``(11) allow test range operators to receive Federal funding,
        other than from the Federal Aviation Administration, including in-
        kind contributions, from test range participants in the furtherance
        of research, development, and testing objectives.
        ``(c) Waivers.--In carrying out this section the Administrator may
    waive the requirements of section 44711 of title 49, United States
    Code, including related regulations, to the extent consistent with
    aviation safety.
        ``(d) Review of Operations by Test Range Operators.--The operator
    of each test range under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) review the operations of unmanned aircraft systems
        conducted at the test range, including--
                ``(A) ongoing or completed research; and
                ``(B) data regarding operations by private and public
            operators; and
            ``(2) submit to the Administrator, in such form and manner as
        specified by the Administrator, the results of the review,
        including recommendations to further enable private research and
        development operations at the test ranges that contribute to the
        Federal Aviation Administration's safe integration of unmanned
        aircraft systems into the national airspace system, on a quarterly
        basis until the program terminates.
        ``(e) Testing.--The Secretary of Transportation may authorize an
    operator of a test range described in subsection (a) to administer
    testing requirements established by the Administrator for unmanned
    aircraft systems operations.
        ``(f) Collaborative Research and Development Agreements.--The
    Administrator may use the other transaction authority under section
    106(l)(6) and enter into collaborative research and development
    agreements, to direct research related to unmanned aircraft systems,
    including at any test range under subsection (a), and in coordination
    with the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
        ``(g) Use of Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
    The Administrator, in carrying out research necessary to implement the
    consensus safety standards requirements in section 44805 shall, to the
    maximum extent practicable, leverage the research and testing capacity
    and capabilities of the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft
    Systems and the test ranges.
        ``(h) Termination.--The program under this section shall terminate
    on September 30, 2023.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``44803. Unmanned aircraft system test ranges.''.
        SEC. 344. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT IN THE ARCTIC.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall develop a
    plan and initiate a process to work with relevant Federal agencies and
    national and international communities to designate permanent areas in
    the Arctic where small unmanned aircraft may operate 24 hours per day
    for research and commercial purposes.
        ``(b) Plan Contents.--The plan under subsection (a) shall include
    the development of processes to facilitate the safe operation of small
    unmanned aircraft beyond the visual line of sight.
        ``(c) Requirements.--Each permanent area designated under
    subsection (a) shall enable over-water flights from the surface to at
    least 2,000 feet in altitude, with ingress and egress routes from
    selected coastal launch sites.
        ``(d) Agreements.--To implement the plan under subsection (a), the
    Secretary may enter into an agreement with relevant national and
    international communities.
        ``(e) Aircraft Approval.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 1
        year after the entry into force of an agreement necessary to
        effectuate the purposes of this section, the Secretary shall work
        with relevant national and international communities to establish
        and implement a process for approving the use of a small unmanned
        aircraft in the designated permanent areas in the Arctic without
        regard to whether the small unmanned aircraft is used as a public
        aircraft, a civil aircraft, or a model aircraft.
            ``(2) Existing process.--The Secretary may implement an
        existing process to meet the requirements under paragraph (1).''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of
    title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:

    ``44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.''.
        SEC. 345. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY STANDARDS.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44805. Small Unmanned aircraft safety standards
        ``(a) FAA Process for Acceptance and Authorization.--The
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a
    process for--
            ``(1) accepting risk-based consensus safety standards related
        to the design, production, and modification of small unmanned
        aircraft systems;
            ``(2) authorizing the operation of small unmanned aircraft
        system make and model designed, produced, or modified in accordance
        with the consensus safety standards accepted under paragraph (1);
            ``(3) authorizing a manufacturer to self-certify a small
        unmanned aircraft system make or model that complies with consensus
        safety standards accepted under paragraph (1); and
            ``(4) certifying a manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft
        systems, or an employee of such manufacturer, that has demonstrated
        compliance with the consensus safety standards accepted under
        paragraph (1) and met any other qualifying criteria, as determined
        by the Administrator, to alternatively satisfy the requirements of
        paragraph (1).
        ``(b) Considerations.--Before accepting consensus safety standards
    under subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall consider the following:
            ``(1) Technologies or standards related to geographic
        limitations, altitude limitations, and sense and avoid
        capabilities.
            ``(2) Using performance-based requirements.
            ``(3) Assessing varying levels of risk posed by different small
        unmanned aircraft systems and their operation and tailoring
        performance-based requirements to appropriately mitigate risk.
            ``(4) Predetermined action to maintain safety in the event that
        a communications link between a small unmanned aircraft and its
        operator is lost or compromised.
            ``(5) Detectability and identifiability to pilots, the Federal
        Aviation Administration, and air traffic controllers, as
        appropriate.
            ``(6) Means to prevent tampering with or modification of any
        system, limitation, or other safety mechanism or standard under
        this section or any other provision of law, including a means to
        identify any tampering or modification that has been made.
            ``(7) Consensus identification standards under section 2202 of
        the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law
        114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
            ``(8) To the extent not considered previously by the consensus
        body that crafted consensus safety standards, cost-benefit and risk
        analyses of consensus safety standards that may be accepted
        pursuant to subsection (a) for newly designed small unmanned
        aircraft systems.
            ``(9) Applicability of consensus safety standards to small
        unmanned aircraft systems that are not manufactured commercially.
            ``(10) Any technology or standard related to small unmanned
        aircraft systems that promotes aviation safety.
            ``(11) Any category of unmanned aircraft systems that should be
        exempt from the consensus safety standards based on risk factors.
        ``(e) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--The process for authorizing
    the operation of small unmanned aircraft systems under subsection (a)
    may allow for operation of any applicable small unmanned aircraft
    systems within the national airspace system without requiring--
            ``(1) airworthiness certification requirements under section
        44704 of this title; or
            ``(2) type certification under part 21 of title 14, Code of
        Federal Regulations.
        ``(f) Revocation.--The Administrator may suspend or revoke the
    authorizations in subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that
    the manufacturer or the small unmanned aircraft system is no longer in
    compliance with the standards accepted by the Administrator under
    subsection (a)(1) or with the manufacturer's statement of compliance
    under subsection (h).
        ``(g) Requirements.--With regard to an authorization under the
    processes in subsection (a), the Administrator may require a
    manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft systems to provide the Federal
    Aviation Administration with the following:
            ``(1) The aircraft system's operating instructions.
            ``(2) The aircraft system's recommended maintenance and
        inspection procedures.
            ``(3) The manufacturer's statement of compliance described in
        subsection (h).
            ``(4) Upon request, a sample aircraft to be inspected by the
        Federal Aviation Administration to ensure compliance with the
        consensus safety standards accepted by the Administrator under
        subsection (a).
        ``(h) Manufacturer's Statement of Compliance for Small UAS.--A
    manufacturer's statement of compliance shall--
            ``(1) identify the aircraft make, model, range of serial
        numbers, and any applicable consensus safety standards used and
        accepted by the Administrator;
            ``(2) state that the aircraft make and model meets the
        provisions of the consensus safety standards identified in
        paragraph (1);
            ``(3) state that the aircraft make and model conforms to the
        manufacturer's design data and is manufactured in a way that
        ensures consistency across units in the production process in order
        to meet the applicable consensus safety standards accepted by the
        Administrator;
            ``(4) state that the manufacturer will make available to the
        Administrator, operators, or customers--
                ``(A) the aircraft's operating instructions, which conform
            to the consensus safety standards identified in paragraph (1);
            and
                ``(B) the aircraft's recommended maintenance and inspection
            procedures, which conform to the consensus safety standards
            identified in paragraph (1);
            ``(5) state that the manufacturer will monitor safety-of-flight
        issues and take action to ensure it meets the consensus safety
        standards identified in paragraph (1) and report these issues and
        subsequent actions to the Administrator;
            ``(6) state that at the request of the Administrator, the
        manufacturer will provide reasonable access for the Administrator
        to its facilities for the purposes of overseeing compliance with
        this section; and
            ``(7) state that the manufacturer, in accordance with the
        consensus safety standards accepted by the Federal Aviation
        Administration, has--
                ``(A) ground and flight tested random samples of the
            aircraft;
                ``(B) found the sample aircraft performance acceptable; and
                ``(C) determined that the make and model of aircraft is
            suitable for safe operation.
        ``(i) Prohibitions.--
            ``(1) False statements of compliance.--It shall be unlawful for
        any person to knowingly submit a statement of compliance described
        in subsection (h) that is fraudulent or intentionally false.
            ``(2) Introduction into interstate commerce.--Unless the
        Administrator determines operation of an unmanned aircraft system
        may be conducted without an airworthiness certificate or
        permission, authorization, or approval under subsection (a), it
        shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly introduce or deliver
        for introduction into interstate commerce any small unmanned
        aircraft system that is manufactured after the date that the
        Administrator accepts consensus safety standards under this section
        unless--
                ``(A) the make and model has been authorized for operation
            under subsection (a); or
                ``(B) the aircraft has alternatively received design and
            production approval issued by the Federal Aviation
            Administration.
        ``(j) Exclusions.--The Administrator may exempt from the
    requirements of this section small unmanned aircraft systems that are
    not capable of navigating beyond the visual line of sight of the
    operator through advanced flight systems and technology, if the
    Administrator determines that such an exemption does not pose a risk to
    the safety of the national airspace system.''.
        (b) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Research Facility.--The Center of
    Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems shall establish an unmanned
    aircraft systems research facility to study appropriate safety
    standards for unmanned aircraft systems and to validate such standards,
    as directed by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration, consistent with section 44805 of title 49, United
    States Code, as added by this section.
        (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of
    title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:

    ``44805. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.''.
        SEC. 346. PUBLIC UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems
        ``(a) Guidance.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue
    guidance regarding the operation of a public unmanned aircraft system--
            ``(1) to streamline and expedite the process for the issuance
        of a certificate of authorization or a certificate of waiver;
            ``(2) to facilitate the capability of public agencies to
        develop and use test ranges, subject to operating restrictions
        required by the Federal Aviation Administration, to test and
        operate public unmanned aircraft systems; and
            ``(3) to provide guidance on a public agency's responsibilities
        when operating an unmanned aircraft without a civil airworthiness
        certificate issued by the Administration.
        ``(b) Agreements With Government Agencies.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an agreement
        with each appropriate public agency to simplify the process for
        issuing a certificate of waiver or a certificate of authorization
        with respect to an application for authorization to operate a
        public unmanned aircraft system in the national airspace system.
            ``(2) Contents.--An agreement under paragraph (1) shall--
                ``(A) with respect to an application described in paragraph
            (1)--
                    ``(i) provide for an expedited review of the
                application;
                    ``(ii) require a decision by the Administrator on
                approval or disapproval not later than 60 business days
                after the date of submission of the application; and
                    ``(iii) allow for an expedited appeal if the
                application is disapproved;
                ``(B) allow for a one-time approval of similar operations
            carried out during a fixed period of time; and
                ``(C) allow a government public safety agency to operate an
            unmanned aircraft weighing 4.4 pounds or less if that unmanned
            aircraft is operated--
                    ``(i) within or beyond the visual line of sight of the
                operator;
                    ``(ii) less than 400 feet above the ground;
                    ``(iii) during daylight conditions;
                    ``(iv) within Class G airspace; and
                    ``(v) outside of 5 statute miles from any airport,
                heliport, seaplane base, spaceport, or other location with
                aviation activities.
        ``(c) Public Actively Tethered Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration shall permit the use of, and may issue guidance
        regarding, the use of public actively tethered unmanned aircraft
        systems that are--
                ``(A) operated at an altitude of less than 150 feet above
            ground level;
                ``(B) operated--
                    ``(i) within class G airspace; or
                    ``(ii) at or below the ceiling depicted on the Federal
                Aviation Administration's published UAS facility maps for
                class B, C, D, or E surface area airspace;
                ``(C) not flown directly over non-participating persons;
                ``(D) operated within visual line of sight of the operator;
            and
                ``(E) operated in a manner that does not interfere with and
            gives way to any other aircraft.
            ``(2) Requirements.--Public actively tethered unmanned aircraft
        systems may be operated --
                ``(A) without any requirement to obtain a certificate of
            authorization, certificate of waiver, or other approval by the
            Federal Aviation Administration;
                ``(B) without requiring airman certification under section
            44703 of this title or any rule or regulation relating to
            airman certification; and
                ``(C) without requiring airworthiness certification under
            section 44704 of this title or any rule or regulation relating
            to aircraft certification.
            ``(3) Safety standards.--Public actively tethered unmanned
        aircraft systems operated within the scope of the guidance issued
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be exempt from the requirements of
        section 44805 of this title.
            ``(4) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection shall be
        construed to preclude the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration from issuing new regulations for public actively
        tethered unmanned aircraft systems in order to ensure the safety of
        the national airspace system.
        ``(d) Federal Agency Coordination to Enhance the Public Health and
    Safety Capabilities of Public Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--The
    Administrator shall assist Federal civilian Government agencies that
    operate unmanned aircraft systems within civil-controlled airspace, in
    operationally deploying and integrating sense and avoid capabilities,
    as necessary to operate unmanned aircraft systems safely within the
    national airspace system.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448
        of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further
        amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems.''.

            (2) Public unmanned aircraft systems.--Section 334 of the FAA
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the
        item relating to that section in the table of contents under
        section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are repealed.
            (3) Facilitating interagency cooperation.--Section 2204(a) of
        the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law
        114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended by striking ``section 334(c) of
        the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101
        note)'' and inserting ``section 44806 of title 49, United States
        Code''.
        SEC. 347. SPECIAL AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems
        ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other requirement of this
    chapter, the Secretary of Transportation shall use a risk-based
    approach to determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate
    safely in the national airspace system notwithstanding completion of
    the comprehensive plan and rulemaking required by section 44802 or the
    guidance required by section 44806.
        ``(b) Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--In making the
    determination under subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine, at a
    minimum--
            ``(1) which types of unmanned aircraft systems, if any, as a
        result of their size, weight, speed, operational capability,
        proximity to airports and populated areas, operation over people,
        and operation within or beyond the visual line of sight, or
        operation during the day or night, do not create a hazard to users
        of the national airspace system or the public; and
            ``(2) whether a certificate under section 44703 or section
        44704 of this title, or a certificate of waiver or certificate of
        authorization, is required for the operation of unmanned aircraft
        systems identified under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
        ``(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Secretary determines
    under this section that certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate
    safely in the national airspace system, the Secretary shall establish
    requirements for the safe operation of such aircraft systems in the
    national airspace system, including operation related to research,
    development, and testing of proprietary systems.
        ``(d) Sunset.--The authority under this section for the Secretary
    to determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in
    the national airspace system terminates effective September 30,
    2023.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448,
        as added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
        following:

    ``44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.''.

            (2) Special rules for certain unmanned aircraft systems.--
        Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49
        U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the
        table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are
        repealed.
        SEC. 348. CARRIAGE OF PROPERTY BY SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
          FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems
         for compensation or hire
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall update existing regulations
    to authorize the carriage of property by operators of small unmanned
    aircraft systems for compensation or hire within the United States.
        ``(b) Contents.--Any rulemaking conducted under subsection (a)
    shall provide for the following:
            ``(1) Use performance-based requirements.
            ``(2) Consider varying levels of risk to other aircraft and to
        persons and property on the ground posed by different unmanned
        aircraft systems and their operation and tailor performance-based
        requirements to appropriately mitigate risk.
            ``(3) Consider the unique characteristics of highly automated,
        small unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(4) Include requirements for the safe operation of small
        unmanned aircraft systems that, at a minimum, address--
                ``(A) airworthiness of small unmanned aircraft systems;
                ``(B) qualifications for operators and the type and nature
            of the operations;
                ``(C) operating specifications governing the type and
            nature of the unmanned aircraft system air carrier operations;
            and
                ``(D) the views of State, local, and tribal officials
            related to potential impacts of the carriage of property by
            operators of small unmanned aircraft systems for compensation
            or hire within the communities to be served.
            ``(5) Small uas.--The Secretary may amend part 298 of title 14,
        Code of Federal Regulations, to update existing regulations to
        establish economic authority for the carriage of property by small
        unmanned aircraft systems for compensation or hire. Such authority
        shall only require--
                ``(A) registration with the Department of Transportation;
                ``(B) authorization from the Federal Aviation
            Administration to conduct operations; and
                ``(C) compliance with chapters 401, 411, and 417.
            ``(6) Availability of current certification processes.--Pending
        completion of the rulemaking required in subsection (a) of this
        section, a person may seek an air carrier operating certificate and
        certificate of public convenience and necessity, or an exemption
        from such certificate, using existing processes.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of
    title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:

    ``44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for
              compensation or hire.''.
        SEC. 349. EXCEPTION FOR LIMITED RECREATIONAL OPERATIONS OF UNMANNED
          AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned
         aircraft
        ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (e), and
    notwithstanding chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, a person
    may operate a small unmanned aircraft without specific certification or
    operating authority from the Federal Aviation Administration if the
    operation adheres to all of the following limitations:
            ``(1) The aircraft is flown strictly for recreational purposes.
            ``(2) The aircraft is operated in accordance with or within the
        programming of a community-based organization's set of safety
        guidelines that are developed in coordination with the Federal
        Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) The aircraft is flown within the visual line of sight of
        the person operating the aircraft or a visual observer co-located
        and in direct communication with the operator.
            ``(4) The aircraft is operated in a manner that does not
        interfere with and gives way to any manned aircraft.
            ``(5) In Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the
        lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace
        designated for an airport, the operator obtains prior authorization
        from the Administrator or designee before operating and complies
        with all airspace restrictions and prohibitions.
            ``(6) In Class G airspace, the aircraft is flown from the
        surface to not more than 400 feet above ground level and complies
        with all airspace restrictions and prohibitions.
            ``(7) The operator has passed an aeronautical knowledge and
        safety test described in subsection (g) and maintains proof of test
        passage to be made available to the Administrator or law
        enforcement upon request.
            ``(8) The aircraft is registered and marked in accordance with
        chapter 441 of this title and proof of registration is made
        available to the Administrator or a designee of the Administrator
        or law enforcement upon request.
        ``(b) Other Operations.--Unmanned aircraft operations that do not
    conform to the limitations in subsection (a) must comply with all
    statutes and regulations generally applicable to unmanned aircraft and
    unmanned aircraft systems.
        ``(c) Operations at Fixed Sites.--
            ``(1) Operating procedure required.--Persons operating unmanned
        aircraft under subsection (a) from a fixed site within Class B,
        Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of
        the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport, or
        a community-based organization conducting a sanctioned event within
        such airspace, shall make the location of the fixed site known to
        the Administrator and shall establish a mutually agreed upon
        operating procedure with the air traffic control facility.
            ``(2) Unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds.--A person
        may operate an unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds,
        including the weight of anything attached to or carried by the
        aircraft, under subsection (a) if--
                ``(A) the unmanned aircraft complies with standards and
            limitations developed by a community-based organization and
            approved by the Administrator; and
                ``(B) the aircraft is operated from a fixed site as
            described in paragraph (1).
        ``(d) Updates.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with
        government, stakeholders, and community-based organizations, shall
        initiate a process to periodically update the operational
        parameters under subsection (a), as appropriate.
            ``(2) Considerations.--In updating an operational parameter
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                ``(A) appropriate operational limitations to mitigate risks
            to aviation safety and national security, including risk to the
            uninvolved public and critical infrastructure;
                ``(B) operations outside the membership, guidelines, and
            programming of a community-based organization;
                ``(C) physical characteristics, technical standards, and
            classes of aircraft operating under this section;
                ``(D) trends in use, enforcement, or incidents involving
            unmanned aircraft systems;
                ``(E) ensuring, to the greatest extent practicable, that
            updates to the operational parameters correspond to, and
            leverage, advances in technology; and
                ``(F) equipage requirements that facilitate safe,
            efficient, and secure operations and further integrate all
            unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system.
            ``(3) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be
        construed as expanding the authority of the Administrator to
        require a person operating an unmanned aircraft under this section
        to seek permissive authority of the Administrator, beyond that
        required in subsection (a) of this section, prior to operation in
        the national airspace system.
        ``(e) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an
    enforcement action against a person operating any unmanned aircraft who
    endangers the safety of the national airspace system.
        ``(f) Exceptions.--Nothing in this section prohibits the
    Administrator from promulgating rules generally applicable to unmanned
    aircraft, including those unmanned aircraft eligible for the exception
    set forth in this section, relating to--
            ``(1) updates to the operational parameters for unmanned
        aircraft in subsection (a);
            ``(2) the registration and marking of unmanned aircraft;
            ``(3) the standards for remotely identifying owners and
        operators of unmanned aircraft systems and associated unmanned
        aircraft; and
            ``(4) other standards consistent with maintaining the safety
        and security of the national airspace system.
        ``(g) Aeronautical Knowledge and Safety Test.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this section, the Administrator, in consultation with
        manufacturers of unmanned aircraft systems, other industry
        stakeholders, and community-based organizations, shall develop an
        aeronautical knowledge and safety test, which can then be
        administered electronically by the Administrator, a community-based
        organization, or a person designated by the Administrator.
            ``(2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall ensure the
        aeronautical knowledge and safety test is designed to adequately
        demonstrate an operator's--
                ``(A) understanding of aeronautical safety knowledge; and
                ``(B) knowledge of Federal Aviation Administration
            regulations and requirements pertaining to the operation of an
            unmanned aircraft system in the national airspace system.
        ``(h) Community-based Organization Defined.--In this section, the
    term `community-based organization' means a membership-based
    association entity that--
            ``(1) is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
        Code of 1986;
            ``(2) is exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the Internal
        Revenue Code of 1986;
            ``(3) the mission of which is demonstrably the furtherance of
        model aviation;
            ``(4) provides a comprehensive set of safety guidelines for all
        aspects of model aviation addressing the assembly and operation of
        model aircraft and that emphasize safe aeromodelling operations
        within the national airspace system and the protection and safety
        of individuals and property on the ground, and may provide a
        comprehensive set of safety rules and programming for the operation
        of unmanned aircraft that have the advanced flight capabilities
        enabling active, sustained, and controlled navigation of the
        aircraft beyond visual line of sight of the operator;
            ``(5) provides programming and support for any local charter
        organizations, affiliates, or clubs; and
            ``(6) provides assistance and support in the development and
        operation of locally designated model aircraft flying sites.
        ``(i) Recognition of Community-based Organizations.--In
    collaboration with aeromodelling stakeholders, the Administrator shall
    publish an advisory circular within 180 days of the date of enactment
    of this section that identifies the criteria and process required for
    recognition of community-based organizations.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448
        of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further
        amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned
              aircraft.''.

            (2) Repeal.--Section 336 of the FAA Modernization and Reform
        Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that
        section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are
        repealed.
        SEC. 350. USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AT INSTITUTIONS OF
          HIGHER EDUCATION.
        (a) Educational and Research Purposes.--For the purposes of section
    44809 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, a
    ``recreational purpose'' as distinguished in subsection (a)(1) of such
    section shall include an unmanned aircraft system operated by an
    institution of higher education for educational or research purposes.
        (b) Updates.--In updating an operational parameter under subsection
    (d)(1) of such section for unmanned aircraft systems operated by an
    institution of higher education for educational or research purposes,
    the Administrator shall consider--
            (1) use of small unmanned aircraft systems and operations at an
        accredited institution of higher education, for educational or
        research purposes, as a component of the institution's curricula or
        research;
            (2) the development of streamlined, risk-based operational
        approval for unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions of
        higher education; and
            (3) the airspace and aircraft operators that may be affected by
        such operations at the institution of higher education.
        (c) Deadline for Establishment of Procedures and Standards.--Not
    later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may establish
    regulations, procedures, and standards, as necessary, to facilitate the
    safe operation of unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions of
    higher education for educational or research purposes.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of
        higher education'' has the meaning given to that term by section
        101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            (2) Educational or research purposes.--The term ``education or
        research purposes'', with respect to the operation of an unmanned
        aircraft system by an institution of higher education, includes--
                (A) instruction of students at the institution;
                (B) academic or research related uses of unmanned aircraft
            systems that have been approved by the institution, including
            Federal research;
                (C) activities undertaken by the institution as part of
            research projects, including research projects sponsored by the
            Federal Government; and
                (D) other academic activities approved by the institution.
        (e) Statutory Construction.--
            (1) Enforcement.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to
        limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an enforcement
        action against a person operating any unmanned aircraft who
        endangers the safety of the national airspace system.
            (2) Regulations and standards.--Nothing in this section
        prohibits the Administrator from promulgating any rules or
        standards consistent with maintaining the safety and security of
        the national airspace system.
        SEC. 351. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTEGRATION PILOT PROGRAM.
        (a) Authority.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a
    pilot program to enable enhanced drone operations as required in the
    October 25, 2017 Presidential Memorandum entitled ``Unmanned Aircraft
    Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82 Federal
    Register 50301.
        (b) Applications.--The Secretary shall accept applications from
    State, local, and Tribal governments, in partnership with unmanned
    aircraft system operators and other private-sector stakeholders, to
    test and evaluate the integration of civil and public UAS operations
    into the low-altitude national airspace system.
        (c) Objectives.--The purpose of the pilot program is to accelerate
    existing UAS integration plans by working to solve technical,
    regulatory, and policy challenges, while enabling advanced UAS
    operations in select areas subject to ongoing safety oversight and
    cooperation between the Federal Government and applicable State, local,
    or Tribal jurisdictions, in order to--
            (1) accelerate the safe integration of UAS into the NAS by
        testing and validating new concepts of beyond visual line of sight
        operations in a controlled environment, focusing on detect and
        avoid technologies, command and control links, navigation, weather,
        and human factors;
            (2) address ongoing concerns regarding the potential security
        and safety risks associated with UAS operating in close proximity
        to human beings and critical infrastructure by ensuring that
        operators communicate more effectively with Federal, State, local,
        and Tribal law enforcement to enable law enforcement to determine
        if a UAS operation poses such a risk;
            (3) promote innovation in and development of the United States
        unmanned aviation industry, especially in sectors such as
        agriculture, emergency management, inspection, and transportation
        safety, in which there are significant public benefits to be gained
        from the deployment of UAS; and
            (4) identify the most effective models of balancing local and
        national interests in UAS integration.
        (d) Application Submission.--The Secretary shall establish
    application requirements and require applicants to include the
    following information:
            (1) Identification of the airspace to be used, including shape
        files and altitudes.
            (2) Description of the types of planned operations.
            (3) Identification of stakeholder partners to test and evaluate
        planned operations.
            (4) Identification of available infrastructure to support
        planned operations.
            (5) Description of experience with UAS operations and
        regulations.
            (6) Description of existing UAS operator and any other
        stakeholder partnerships and experience.
            (7) Description of plans to address safety, security,
        competition, privacy concerns, and community outreach.
        (e) Monitoring and Enforcement of Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Monitoring and enforcement of any limitations
        enacted pursuant to this pilot project shall be the responsibility
        of the jurisdiction.
            (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be
        construed to prevent the Secretary from enforcing Federal law.
            (3) Examples of limitations.--Limitations under this section
        may include--
                (A) prohibiting flight during specified morning and evening
            rush hours or only permitting flight during specified hours
            such as daylight hours, sufficient to ensure reasonable
            airspace access;
                (B) establishing designated take-off and landing zones,
            limiting operations over moving locations or fixed site public
            road and parks, sidewalks or private property based on zoning
            density, or other land use considerations;
                (C) requiring notice to public safety or zoning or land use
            authorities before operating; and
                (D) prohibiting operations in connection with community or
            sporting events that do not remain in one place (for example,
            parades and running events).
        (f) Selection Criteria.--In making determinations, the Secretary
    shall evaluate whether applications meet or exceed the following
    criteria:
            (1) Overall economic, geographic, and climatic diversity of the
        selected jurisdictions.
            (2) Overall diversity of the proposed models of government
        involvement.
            (3) Overall diversity of the UAS operations to be conducted.
            (4) The location of critical infrastructure.
            (5) The involvement of commercial entities in the proposal and
        their ability to advance objectives that may serve the public
        interest as a result of further integration of UAS into the NAS.
            (6) The involvement of affected communities in, and their
        support for, participating in the pilot program.
            (7) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators
        involved in the proposal to comply with requirements related to
        national defense, homeland security, and public safety and to
        address competition, privacy, and civil liberties concerns.
            (8) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators
        involved in the proposal to achieve the following policy
        objectives:
                (A) Promoting innovation and economic development.
                (B) Enhancing transportation safety.
                (C) Enhancing workplace safety.
                (D) Improving emergency response and search and rescue
            functions.
                (E) Using radio spectrum efficiently and competitively.
        (g) Implementation.--The Secretary shall use the data collected and
    experience gained over the course of this pilot program to--
            (1) identify and resolve technical challenges to UAS
        integration;
            (2) address airspace use to safely and efficiently integrate
        all aircraft;
            (3) inform operational standards and procedures to improve
        safety (for example, detect and avoid capabilities, navigation and
        altitude performance, and command and control link);
            (4) inform FAA standards that reduce the need for waivers (for
        example, for operations over human beings, night operations, and
        beyond visual line of sight); and
            (5) address competing interests regarding UAS operational
        expansion, safety, security, roles and responsibilities of non-
        Federal Government entities, and privacy issues.
        (h) Notification.--Prior to initiating any additional rounds of
    agreements with State, local, or Tribal governments as part of the
    pilot program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
    notify the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the
    Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on
    Appropriations in the Senate.
        (i) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a)
    shall terminate 3 years after the date on which the memorandum
    referenced in subsection (a) is signed by the President.
        (j) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall affect any
    proposals, selections, imposition of conditions, operations, or other
    decisions made--
            (1) under the pilot program developed by the Secretary of
        Transportation pursuant to the Presidential memorandum titled
        ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'', as
        published in the Federal Register on October 30, 2017 (82 Fed. Reg.
        50301); and
            (2) prior to the date of enactment of this Act.
        (k) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) The term ``Lead Applicant'' means an eligible State, local
        or Tribal government that has submitted a timely application.
            (2) The term ``NAS'' means the low-altitude national airspace
        system.
            (3) The term ``UAS'' means unmanned aircraft system.
        SEC. 352. PART 107 TRANSPARENCY AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.
        (a) Transparency.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall publish on the FAA
    website a representative sample of the safety justifications, offered
    by applicants for small unmanned aircraft system waivers and airspace
    authorizations, that have been approved by the Administration for each
    regulation waived or class of airspace authorized, except that any
    published justification shall not reveal proprietary or commercially
    sensitive information.
        (b) Technology Improvements.--Not later than 90 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the online
    waiver and certificates of authorization processes--
            (1) to provide real time confirmation that an application filed
        online has been received by the Administration; and
            (2) to provide an applicant with an opportunity to review the
        status of the applicant's application.
        SEC. 353. EMERGENCY EXEMPTION PROCESS.
        (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the use of
    unmanned aircraft systems by civil and public operators--
            (1) is an increasingly important tool in response to a
        catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency;
            (2) helps facilitate emergency response operations, such as
        firefighting and search and rescue; and
            (3) helps facilitate post-catastrophic response operations,
        such as utility and infrastructure restoration efforts and the safe
        and prompt processing, adjustment, and payment of insurance claims.
        (b) Updates.--The Administrator shall, as necessary, update and
    improve the Special Government Interest process described in chapter 7
    of Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7200.23A to ensure that
    civil and public operators, including local law enforcement agencies
    and first responders, continue to use unmanned aircraft system
    operations quickly and efficiently in response to a catastrophe,
    disaster, or other emergency.
        (c) Best Practices.--The Administrator shall develop best practices
    for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by States and localities to
    respond to a catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency response and
    recovery operation.
        SEC. 354. TREATMENT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDERGROUND.
        An unmanned aircraft system that is operated underground for mining
    purposes shall not be subject to regulation or enforcement by the FAA
    under title 49, United States Code.
        SEC. 355. PUBLIC UAS OPERATIONS BY TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS.
        (a) Public UAS Operations by Tribal Governments.--Section
    40102(a)(41) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(F) An unmanned aircraft that is owned and operated by,
            or exclusively leased for at least 90 continuous days by, an
            Indian Tribal government, as defined in section 102 of the
            Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
            (42 U.S.C. 5122), except as provided in section 40125(b).''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 40125(b) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``or (D)'' and inserting ``(D), or
    (F)''.
        SEC. 356. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY
          CAMPAIGN.
        There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years
    2019 through 2023, out of funds made available under section 106(k),
    for the Know Before You Fly educational campaign or similar public
    informational efforts intended to broaden unmanned aircraft systems
    safety awareness.
        SEC. 357. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS PRIVACY POLICY.
        It is the policy of the United States that the operation of any
    unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system shall be carried out in a
    manner that respects and protects personal privacy consistent with the
    United States Constitution and Federal, State, and local law.
        SEC. 358. UAS PRIVACY REVIEW.
        (a) Review.--The Comptroller General of the United States, in
    consideration of relevant efforts led by the National
    Telecommunications and Information Administration, shall carry out a
    review of the privacy issues and concerns associated with the operation
    of unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system.
        (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller
    General shall--
            (1) consult with the Department of Transportation and the
        National Telecommunications and Information Administration of the
        Department of Commerce on its ongoing efforts responsive to the
        Presidential memorandum titled ``Promoting Economic Competitiveness
        While Safeguarding Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties in
        Domestic Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems'' and dated February 15,
        2015;
            (2) examine and identify the existing Federal, State, or
        relevant local laws that address an individual's personal privacy;
            (3) identify specific issues and concerns that may limit the
        availability of civil or criminal legal remedies regarding
        inappropriate operation of unmanned aircraft systems in the
        national airspace system;
            (4) identify any deficiencies in Federal, State, or local
        privacy protections; and
            (5) provide recommendations to address any limitations and
        deficiencies identified in paragraphs (3) and (4).
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on the results of the review required under
    subsection (a).
        SEC. 359. STUDY ON FIRE DEPARTMENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICE AGENCY USE
          OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
        (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct a study on the
        use of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency
        service agencies. Such study shall include an analysis of--
                (A) how fire departments and emergency service agencies
            currently use unmanned aircraft systems;
                (B) obstacles to greater use of unmanned aircraft systems
            by fire departments and emergency service agencies;
                (C) the best way to provide outreach to support greater use
            of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency
            service agencies;
                (D) laws or regulations that present barriers to career,
            combination, and volunteer fire departments' ability to use
            unmanned aircraft systems;
                (E) training and certifications required for the use of
            unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency
            service agencies;
                (F) airspace limitations and concerns in the use of
            unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency
            service agencies;
                (G) roles of unmanned aircraft systems in the provision of
            fire and emergency services;
                (H) technological challenges to greater adoption of
            unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency
            service agencies; and
                (I) other issues determined appropriate by the
            Administrator.
            (2) Consultation.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1),
        the Administrator shall consult with national fire and emergency
        service organizations.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a),
    including the Administrator's findings, conclusions, and
    recommendations.
        SEC. 360. STUDY ON FINANCING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SERVICES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
    initiate a study on appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs
    of--
            (1) the regulation and safety oversight of unmanned aircraft
        and unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (2) the provision of air navigation services to unmanned
        aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the Comptroller
    General shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) any recommendations of Task Group 3 of the Drone Advisory
        Committee chartered by the Federal Aviation Administration on
        August 31, 2016;
            (2) the total annual costs incurred by the Federal Aviation
        Administration for the regulation and safety oversight of
        activities related to unmanned aircraft;
            (3) the annual costs attributable to various types, classes,
        and categories of unmanned aircraft activities;
            (4) air traffic services provided to unmanned aircraft
        operating under instrument flight rules, excluding public aircraft;
            (5) the number of full-time Federal Aviation Administration
        employees dedicated to unmanned aircraft programs;
            (6) the use of privately operated UTM and other privately
        operated unmanned aircraft systems;
            (7) the projected growth of unmanned aircraft operations for
        various applications and the estimated need for regulation,
        oversight, and other services;
            (8) the number of small businesses involved in the various
        sectors of the unmanned aircraft industry and operating as primary
        users of unmanned aircraft; and
            (9) any best practices or policies utilized by jurisdictions
        outside the United States relating to partial or total recovery of
        regulation and safety oversight costs related to unmanned aircraft
        and other emergent technologies.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating
    the study, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report containing recommendations on
    appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs of regulating and
    providing air navigation services to unmanned aircraft and unmanned
    aircraft systems.
        SEC. 361. REPORT ON UAS AND CHEMICAL AERIAL APPLICATION.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report evaluating which aviation safety requirements under part 137 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, should apply to unmanned
    aircraft system operations engaged in aerial spraying of chemicals for
    agricultural purposes.
        SEC. 362. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY.
        It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the unauthorized operation of unmanned aircraft near
        airports presents a serious hazard to aviation safety;
            (2) a collision between an unmanned aircraft and a conventional
        aircraft in flight could jeopardize the safety of persons aboard
        the aircraft and on the ground;
            (3) Federal aviation regulations, including sections 91.126
        through 91.131 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit
        unauthorized operation of an aircraft in controlled airspace near
        an airport;
            (4) Federal aviation regulations, including section 91.13 of
        title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit the operation of an
        aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the
        life or property of another;
            (5) the Administrator should pursue all available civil and
        administrative remedies available to the Administrator, including
        referrals to other government agencies for criminal investigations,
        with respect to persons who operate unmanned aircraft in an
        unauthorized manner;
            (6) the Administrator should--
                (A) place particular priority in continuing measures,
            including partnering with nongovernmental organizations and
            State and local agencies, to educate the public about the
            dangers to public safety of operating unmanned aircraft over
            areas that have temporary flight restrictions in place, for
            purposes such as wildfires, without appropriate authorization;
            and
                (B) partner with State and local agencies to effectively
            enforce relevant laws so that unmanned aircrafts do not
            interfere with the efforts of emergency responders;
            (7) the Administrator should place particular priority on
        continuing measures, including partnerships with nongovernmental
        organizations, to educate the public about the dangers to the
        public safety of operating unmanned aircraft near airports without
        the appropriate approvals or authorizations; and
            (8) manufacturers and retail sellers of small unmanned aircraft
        systems should take steps to educate consumers about the safe and
        lawful operation of such systems.
        SEC. 363. PROHIBITION REGARDING WEAPONS.
        (a) In General.--Unless authorized by the Administrator, a person
    may not operate an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system that
    is equipped or armed with a dangerous weapon.
        (b) Dangerous Weapon Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``dangerous weapon'' has the meaning given that term in section
    930(g)(2) of title 18, United States Code.
        (c) Penalty.--A person who violates this section is liable to the
    United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000
    for each violation.
        SEC. 364. U.S. COUNTER-UAS SYSTEM REVIEW OF INTERAGENCY
          COORDINATION PROCESSES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after that date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with
    government agencies currently authorized to operate Counter-Unmanned
    Aircraft System (C-UAS) systems within the United States (including the
    territories and possessions of the United States), shall initiate a
    review of the following:
            (1) The process the Administration is using for interagency
        coordination of C-UAS activity pursuant to a relevant Federal
        statute authorizing such activity within the United States
        (including the territories and possessions of the United States).
            (2) The standards the Administration is utilizing for operation
        of a C-UAS systems pursuant to a relevant Federal statute
        authorizing such activity within the United States (including the
        territories and possessions of the United States), including
        whether the following criteria are being taken into consideration
        in the development of the standards:
                (A) Safety of the national airspace.
                (B) Protecting individuals and property on the ground.
                (C) Non-interference with avionics of manned aircraft, and
            unmanned aircraft, operating legally in the national airspace.
                (D) Non-interference with air traffic control systems.
                (E) Adequate coordination procedures and protocols with the
            Federal Aviation Administration during the operation of C-UAS
            systems.
                (F) Adequate training for personnel operating C-UAS
            systems.
                (G) Assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the
            coordination and review processes to ensure national airspace
            safety while minimizing bureaucracy.
                (H) Best practices for the consistent operation of C-UAS
            systems to the maximum extent practicable.
                (I) Current airspace authorization information shared by
            automated approval processes for airspace authorizations, such
            as the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability.
                (J) Such other matters the Administrator considers
            necessary for the safe and lawful operation of C-UAS systems.
            (3) Similar interagency coordination processes already used for
        other matters that may be used as a model for improving the
        interagency coordination for the usage of C-UAS systems.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date upon which the
    review in subsection (a) is initiated, the Administrator shall submit
    to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives, the Committee on Armed Services of the House of
    Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation in the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services of
    the Senate, a report on the Administration's activities related to C-
    UAS systems, including--
            (1) any coordination with Federal agencies and States,
        subdivisions and States, political authorities of at least 2 States
        that operate C-UAS systems;
            (2) an assessment of the standards being utilized for the
        operation of a counter-UAS systems within the United States
        (including the territories and possessions of the United States);
            (3) an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the
        interagency coordination and review processes to ensure national
        airspace safety while minimizing bureaucracy; and
            (4) a review of any additional authorities needed by the
        Federal Aviation Administration to effectively oversee the
        management of C-UAS systems within the United States (including the
        territories and possessions of the United States).
        SEC. 365. COOPERATION RELATED TO CERTAIN COUNTER-UAS TECHNOLOGY.
        In matters relating to the use of systems in the national airspace
    system intended to mitigate threats posed by errant or hostile unmanned
    aircraft system operations, the Secretary of Transportation shall
    consult with the Secretary of Defense to streamline deployment of such
    systems by drawing upon the expertise and experience of the Department
    of Defense in acquiring and operating such systems consistent with the
    safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.
        SEC. 366. STRATEGY FOR RESPONDING TO PUBLIC SAFETY THREATS AND
          ENFORCEMENT UTILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall develop a comprehensive strategy to provide outreach to State and
    local governments and provide guidance for local law enforcement
    agencies and first responders with respect to--
            (1) how to identify and respond to public safety threats posed
        by unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (2) how to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use
        unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local law
        enforcement agencies and first responders.
        (b) Resources.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a publicly available
    Internet website that contains resources for State and local law
    enforcement agencies and first responders seeking--
            (1) to respond to public safety threats posed by unmanned
        aircraft systems; and
            (2) to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use
        unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local law
        enforcement agencies and public safety response efforts.
        (c) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term in section
    44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
        SEC. 367. INCORPORATION OF FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
          OCCUPATIONS RELATING TO UNMANNED AIRCRAFT INTO VETERANS
          EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS OF THE ADMINISTRATION.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this
    Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in
    consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of
    Defense, and the Secretary of Labor, shall determine whether
    occupations of the Administration relating to unmanned aircraft systems
    technology and regulations can be incorporated into the Veterans'
    Employment Program of the Administration, particularly in the
    interaction between such program and the New Sights Work Experience
    Program and the Vet-Link Cooperative Education Program.
        SEC. 368. PUBLIC UAS ACCESS TO SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall issue guidance for the expedited
    and timely access to special use airspace for public unmanned aircraft
    systems in order to assist Federal, State, local, or tribal law
    enforcement organizations in conducting law enforcement, emergency
    response, or for other activities.
        SEC. 369. APPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNATION.
        Section 2209 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016
    (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(i), by striking ``and distribution
        facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``distribution facilities
        and equipment, and railroad facilities''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(e) Deadlines.--
            ``(1) Not later than March 31, 2019, the Administrator shall
        publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to carry out the
        requirements of this section.
            ``(2) Not later than 12 months after publishing the notice of
        proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall
        issue a final rule.''.
        SEC. 370. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ADDITIONAL RULEMAKING AUTHORITY.
        It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) beyond visual line of sight operations, nighttime
        operations, and operations over people of unmanned aircraft systems
        have tremendous potential--
                (A) to enhance both commercial and academic use;
                (B) to spur economic growth and development through
            innovative applications of this emerging technology; and
                (C) to improve emergency response efforts as it relates to
            assessing damage to critical infrastructure such as roads,
            bridges, and utilities, including water and power, ultimately
            speeding response time;
            (2) advancements in miniaturization of safety technologies,
        including for aircraft weighing under 4.4 pounds, have increased
        economic opportunities for using unmanned aircraft systems while
        reducing kinetic energy and risk compared to unmanned aircraft that
        may weigh 4.4 pounds or more, but less than 55 pounds;
            (3) advancements in unmanned technology will have the capacity
        to ultimately improve manned aircraft safety; and
            (4) integrating unmanned aircraft systems safely into the
        national airspace, including beyond visual line of sight
        operations, nighttime operations on a routine basis, and operations
        over people should remain a top priority for the Federal Aviation
        Administration as it pursues additional rulemakings under the
        amendments made by this section.
        SEC. 371. ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION FOR SMALL UNMANNED
          AIRCRAFT.
        (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall enter into
    an agreement with the National Academy of Public Administration, to
    estimate and assess compliance with and the effectiveness of the
    registration of small unmanned aircraft systems by the Federal Aviation
    Administration pursuant to the interim final rule issued on December
    16, 2015, titled ``Registration and Marking Requirements for Small
    Unmanned Aircraft'' (80 Fed. Reg. 78593).
        (b) Metrics.--Upon receiving the assessment, the Secretary shall,
    to the extent practicable, develop metrics to measure compliance with
    the interim final rule described in subsection (a), and any subsequent
    final rule, including metrics with respect to--
            (1) the levels of compliance with the interim final rule and
        any subsequent final rule;
            (2) the number of enforcement actions taken by the
        Administration for violations of or noncompliance with the interim
        final rule and any subsequent final rule, together with a
        description of the actions; and
            (3) the effect of the interim final rule and any subsequent
        final rule on compliance with any fees associated with the use of
        small unmanned aircraft systems.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report containing--
            (1) the results of the assessment required under subsection
        (a);
            (2) the metrics required under subsection (b) and how the
        Secretary will track these metrics; and
            (3) recommendations to Congress for improvements to the
        registration process for small unmanned aircraft, if necessary.
        SEC. 372. ENFORCEMENT.
        (a) UAS Safety Enforcement.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall establish a pilot program to utilize
    available remote detection or identification technologies for safety
    oversight, including enforcement actions against operators of unmanned
    aircraft systems that are not in compliance with applicable Federal
    aviation laws, including regulations.
        (b) Reporting.--As part of the pilot program, the Administrator
    shall establish and publicize a mechanism for the public and Federal,
    State, and local law enforcement to report suspected operation of
    unmanned aircraft in violation of applicable Federal laws and
    regulations.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, and annually
    thereafter through the duration of the pilot program established in
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the following:
            (1) The number of unauthorized unmanned aircraft operations
        detected in restricted airspace, including in and around airports,
        together with a description of such operations.
            (2) The number of enforcement cases brought by the Federal
        Aviation Administration or other Federal agencies for unauthorized
        operation of unmanned aircraft detected through the program,
        together with a description of such cases.
            (3) Recommendations for safety and operational standards for
        unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation systems.
            (4) Recommendations for any legislative or regulatory changes
        related to mitigation or detection or identification of unmanned
        aircraft systems.
        (d) Sunset.--The pilot program established in subsection (a) shall
    terminate on September 30, 2023.
        (e) Civil Penalties.--Section 46301 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by inserting ``chapter 448,''
        after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(5)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 448,''
        after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717-44723),'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(2), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' after
        ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''; and
            (4) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 448,''
        after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''.
        (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an
    enforcement action for a violation of this subtitle or any other
    applicable provision of aviation safety law or regulation using remote
    detection or identification or other technology following the sunset of
    the pilot program.
        SEC. 373. FEDERAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall--
            (1) conduct a study on the relative roles of the Federal
        Government, State, local and Tribal governments in the regulation
        and oversight of low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft
        systems in the national airspace system; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the study, including the Comptroller General's findings and
        conclusions.
        (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall review the
    following:
            (1) The current state of the law with respect to Federal
        authority over low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft systems
        in the national airspace system.
            (2) The current state of the law with respect to State, local,
        and Tribal authority over low-altitude operations of unmanned
        aircraft systems in the national airspace system.
            (3) Potential gaps between authorities under paragraphs (1) and
        (2).
            (4) The degree of regulatory consistency required among the
        Federal Government, State governments, local governments, and
        Tribal governments for the safe and financially viable growth and
        development of the unmanned aircraft industry.
            (5) The interests of Federal, State, local, and Tribal
        governments affected by low-altitude operations of unmanned
        aircraft systems and the authorities of those governments to
        protect such interests.
            (6) The infrastructure requirements necessary for monitoring
        the low-altitude operations of small unmanned aircraft and
        enforcing applicable laws.
        SEC. 374. SPECTRUM.
        (a) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, and after consultation with relevant stakeholders, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, the National
    Telecommunications and Information Administration, and the Federal
    Communications Commission, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and
    the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a
    report--
            (1) on whether unmanned aircraft systems operations should be
        permitted, but not required, to operate on spectrum that was
        recommended for allocation for AM(R)S and control links for UAS by
        the World Radio Conferences in 2007 (L-band, 960-1164 MHz) and 2012
        (C-band, 5030-5091 MHz), on an unlicensed, shared, or exclusive
        basis, for operations within the UTM system or outside of such a
        system;
            (2) that addresses any technological, statutory, regulatory,
        and operational barriers to the use of such spectrum; and
            (3) that, if it is determined that some spectrum frequencies
        are not suitable for beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations by
        unmanned aircraft systems, includes recommendations of other
        spectrum frequencies that may be appropriate for such operations.
        (b) No Effect on Other Spectrum.--The report required under
    subsection (a) does not prohibit or delay use of any licensed spectrum
    to satisfy control links, tracking, diagnostics, payload
    communications, collision avoidance, and other functions for unmanned
    aircraft systems operations.
        SEC. 375. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION AUTHORITY.
        (a) In General.--A violation of a privacy policy by a person that
    uses an unmanned aircraft system for compensation or hire, or in the
    furtherance of a business enterprise, in the national airspace system
    shall be an unfair and deceptive practice in violation of section 5(a)
    of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)).
        (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``unmanned aircraft''
    and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the meanings given those terms in
    section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.
        SEC. 376. PLAN FOR FULL OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
          SYSTEMS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.
        (a) In General.--In conjunction with completing the requirements of
    section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49
    U.S.C. 40101 note), subject to subsection (b) of this section, the
    Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of the National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration, and in consultation with unmanned
    aircraft systems industry stakeholders, shall develop a plan to allow
    for the implementation of unmanned aircraft systems traffic management
    (UTM) services that expand operations beyond visual line of sight, have
    full operational capability, and ensure the safety and security of all
    aircraft.
        (b) Completion of UTM System Pilot Program.--The Administrator
    shall ensure that the UTM system pilot program, as established in
    section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49
    U.S.C. 40101 note), is conducted to meet the following objectives of a
    comprehensive UTM system by the conclusion of the pilot program:
            (1) In cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space
        Administration and manned and unmanned aircraft industry
        stakeholders, allow testing of unmanned aircraft operations, of
        increasing volumes and density, in airspace above test ranges, as
        such term is defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States
        Code, as well as other sites determined by the Administrator to be
        suitable for UTM testing, including those locations selected under
        the pilot program required in the October 25, 2017, Presidential
        Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot
        Program'' and described in 82 Federal Register 50301.
            (2) Permit the testing of various remote identification and
        tracking technologies evaluated by the Unmanned Aircraft Systems
        Identification and Tracking Aviation Rulemaking Committee.
            (3) Where the particular operational environment permits,
        permit blanket waiver authority to allow any unmanned aircraft
        approved by a UTM system pilot program selectee to be operated
        under conditions currently requiring a case-by-case waiver under
        part 107, title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, provided that any
        blanket waiver addresses risks to airborne objects as well as
        persons and property on the ground.
        (c) Implementation Plan Contents.--The plan required by subsection
    (a) shall--
            (1) include the development of safety standards to permit,
        authorize, or allow the use of UTM services, which may include the
        demonstration and validation of such services at the test ranges,
        as defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code, or
        other sites as authorized by the Administrator;
            (2) outline the roles and responsibilities of industry and
        government in establishing UTM services that allow applicants to
        conduct commercial and noncommercial operations, recognizing the
        primary private sector role in the development and implementation
        of the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability and
        future expanded UTM services;
            (3) include an assessment of various components required for
        necessary risk reduction and mitigation in relation to the use of
        UTM services, including--
                (A) remote identification of both cooperative and non-
            cooperative unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace
            system;
                (B) deconfliction of cooperative unmanned aircraft systems
            in the national airspace system by such services;
                (C) the manner in which the Federal Aviation Administration
            will conduct oversight of UTM systems, including interfaces
            between UTM service providers and air traffic control;
                (D) the need for additional technologies to detect
            cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft;
                (E) collaboration and coordination with air traffic
            control, or management services and technologies to ensure the
            safety oversight of manned and unmanned aircraft, including--
                    (i) the Federal Aviation Administration
                responsibilities to collect and disseminate relevant data
                to UTM service providers; and
                    (ii) data exchange protocols to share UAS operator
                intent, operational approvals, operational restraints, and
                other data necessary to ensure safety or security of the
                National Airspace System;
                (F) the potential for UTM services to manage unmanned
            aircraft systems carrying either cargo, payload, or passengers,
            weighing more than 55 pounds, and operating at altitudes higher
            than 400 feet above ground level; and
                (G) cybersecurity protections, data integrity, and national
            and homeland security benefits; and
            (4) establish a process for--
                (A) accepting applications for operation of UTM services in
            the national airspace system;
                (B) setting the standards for independent private sector
            validation and verification that the standards for UTM services
            established pursuant to paragraph (1) enabling operations
            beyond visual line of sight, have been met by applicants; and
                (C) notifying the applicant, not later than 120 days after
            the Administrator receives a complete application, with a
            written approval, disapproval, or request to modify the
            application.
        (d) Safety Standards.--In developing the safety standards in
    subsection (c)(1), the Administrator--
            (1) shall require that UTM services help ensure the safety of
        unmanned aircraft and other aircraft operations that occur
        primarily or exclusively in airspace 400 feet above ground level
        and below, including operations conducted under a waiver issued
        pursuant to subpart D of part 107 of title 14, Code of Federal
        Regulations;
            (2) shall consider, as appropriate--
                (A) protection of persons and property on the ground;
                (B) remote identification and tracking of aircraft;
                (C) collision avoidance with respect to obstacles and non-
            cooperative aircraft;
                (D) deconfliction of cooperative aircraft and integration
            of other relevant airspace considerations;
                (E) right of way rules, inclusive of UAS operations;
                (F) safe and reliable coordination between air traffic
            control and other systems operated in the national airspace
            system;
                (G) detection of non-cooperative aircraft;
                (H) geographic and local factors including but not limited
            to terrain, buildings and structures;
                (I) aircraft equipage; and
                (J) qualifications, if any, necessary to operate UTM
            services; and
            (3) may establish temporary flight restrictions or other means
        available such as a certificate of waiver or authorization (COA)
        for demonstration and validation of UTM services.
        (e) Revocation.--The Administrator may revoke the permission,
    authorization, or approval for the operation of UTM services if the
    Administrator determines that the services or its operator are no
    longer in compliance with applicable safety standards.
        (f) Low-risk Areas.--The Administrator shall establish expedited
    procedures for approval of UTM services operated in--
            (1) airspace away from congested areas; or
            (2) other airspace above areas in which operations of unmanned
        aircraft pose low risk, as determined by the Administrator.
        (g) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator
    shall consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
        (h) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, in
    developing the safety standards for UTM services, the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall consider ongoing research and development efforts
    on UTM services conducted by--
            (1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in
        partnership with industry stakeholders;
            (2) the UTM System pilot program required by section 2208 of
        the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C.
        40101 note); and
            (3) the participants in the pilot program required in the
        October 25, 2017, Presidential Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned
        Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82
        Federal Register 50301.
        (i) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of conclusion
    of the UTM pilot program established in section 2208 of the FAA
    Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) complete the plan required by subsection (a);
            (2) submit the plan to--
                (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            of the Senate; and
                (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives; and
            (3) publish the plan on a publicly accessible Internet website
        of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        SEC. 377. EARLY IMPLEMENTATION OF CERTAIN UTM SERVICES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, upon request of a UTM
    service provider, determine if certain UTM services may operate safely
    in the national airspace system before completion of the implementation
    plan required by section 376.
        (b) Assessment of UTM Services.--In making the determination under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall assess, at a minimum, whether
    the proposed UTM services, as a result of their operational
    capabilities, reliability, intended use, areas of operation, and the
    characteristics of the aircraft involved, will maintain the safety and
    efficiency of the national airspace system and address any identified
    risks to manned or unmanned aircraft and persons and property on the
    ground.
        (c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Administrator
    determines that certain UTM services may operate safely in the national
    airspace system, the Administrator shall establish requirements for
    their safe operation in the national airspace system.
        (d) Expedited Procedures.--The Administrator shall provide
    expedited procedures for making the assessment and determinations under
    this section where the UTM services will be provided primarily or
    exclusively in airspace above areas in which the operation of unmanned
    aircraft poses low risk, including but not limited to croplands and
    areas other than congested areas.
        (e) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator
    shall consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
        (f) Preexisting UTM Services Approvals.--Nothing in this Act shall
    affect or delay approvals, waivers, or exemptions granted by the
    Administrator for UTM services already in existence or approved by the
    Administrator prior to the date of enactment of this Act, including
    approvals under the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification
    Capability.
        SEC. 378. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
        It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) each person that uses an unmanned aircraft system for
        compensation or hire, or in the furtherance of a business
        enterprise, except those operated for purposes protected by the
        First Amendment of the Constitution, should have a written privacy
        policy consistent with section 357 that is appropriate to the
        nature and scope of the activities regarding the collection, use,
        retention, dissemination, and deletion of any data collected during
        the operation of an unmanned aircraft system;
            (2) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should be
        periodically reviewed and updated as necessary; and
            (3) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should be
        publicly available.
        SEC. 379. COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL OPERATORS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, to the extent
    practicable and consistent with applicable law, make available in a
    single location on the website of the Department of Transportation:
            (1) Any certificate of waiver or authorization issued by the
        Administration to Federal, State, tribal or local governments for
        the operation of unmanned aircraft systems within 30 days of
        issuance of such certificate of waiver or authorization.
            (2) A spreadsheet of UAS registrations, including the city,
        state, and zip code of each registered drone owner, on its website
        that is updated once per quarter each calendar year.
            (3) Summary descriptions and general purposes of public
        unmanned aircraft operations, including the locations where such
        unmanned aircraft may generally operate.
            (4) Summary descriptions of common civil unmanned aircraft
        operations.
            (5) The expiration date of any authorization of public or civil
        unmanned aircraft operations.
            (6) Links to websites of State agencies that enforce any
        applicable privacy laws.
            (7) For any unmanned aircraft system, except with respect to
        any operation protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution
        of the United States, that will collect personally identifiable
        information about individuals, including the use of facial
        recognition--
                (A) the circumstance under which the system will be used;
                (B) the specific kinds of personally identifiable
            information that the system will collect about individuals; and
                (C) how the information referred to in subparagraph (B),
            and the conclusions drawn from such information, will be used,
            disclosed, and otherwise handled, including--
                    (i) how the collection or retention of such information
                that is unrelated to the specific use will be minimized;
                    (ii) under what circumstances such information might be
                sold, leased, or otherwise provided to third parties;
                    (iii) the period during which such information will be
                retained;
                    (iv) when and how such information, including
                information no longer relevant to the specified use, will
                be destroyed; and
                    (v) steps that will be used to protect against the
                unauthorized disclosure of any information or data, such as
                the use of encryption methods and other security features.
            (8) With respect to public unmanned aircraft systems--
                (A) the locations where the unmanned aircraft system will
            operate;
                (B) the time during which the unmanned aircraft system will
            operate;
                (C) the general purpose of the flight; and
                (D) the technical capabilities that the unmanned aircraft
            system possesses.
        (b) Exceptions.--The Administrator shall not disclose information
    pursuant to subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that the
    release of such information--
            (1) is not applicable;
            (2) is not practicable, including when the information is not
        available to the Administrator;
            (3) is not in compliance with applicable law;
            (4) would compromise national defense, homeland security or law
        enforcement activity;
            (5) would be withheld pursuant to an exception of the section
        552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the ``Freedom
        of Information Act''); or
            (6) is otherwise contrary to the public interest.
        (c) Sunset.--This section will cease to be effective on the date
    that is the earlier of--
            (1) the date of publication of a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
        or guidance regarding remote identification standards under section
        2202 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public
        Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615); or
            (2) September 30, 2023.
        SEC. 380. TRANSITION LANGUAGE.
        (a) Regulations.--Notwithstanding the repeals under sections 341,
    348, 347, and 383 of this Act, all orders, determinations, rules,
    regulations, permits, grants, and contracts, which have been issued
    under any law described under subsection (b) of this section before the
    effective date of this Act shall continue in effect until modified or
    revoked by the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, as applicable, by
    a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law other than
    this Act.
        (b) Laws Described.--The laws described under this subsection are
    as follows:
            (1) Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012
        (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (2) Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012
        (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (3) Section 334 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012
        (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (4) Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act
        of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
        (c) Effect on Pending Proceedings.--This Act shall not affect
    administrative or judicial proceedings pending on the effective date of
    this Act.
        SEC. 381. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN RESTRICTED BUILDINGS OR
          GROUNDS.
        Section 1752 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding
    after subsection (a)(4) the following:
            ``(5) knowingly and willfully operates an unmanned aircraft
        system with the intent to knowingly and willfully direct or
        otherwise cause such unmanned aircraft system to enter or operate
        within or above a restricted building or grounds;''.
        SEC. 382. PROHIBITION.
        (a) Amendment.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires
        ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), an
    individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and knowingly or
    recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, or law enforcement
    or emergency response efforts related to a wildfire suppression, shall
    be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or
    both.
        ``(b) Exceptions.--This section does not apply to the operation of
    an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States
    Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any
    individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other
    agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of
    protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law
    enforcement, or emergency response.
        ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
            ``(1) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' has the
        meaning given the term in section 44801 of title 49, United States
        Code.
            ``(2) Wildfire.--The term `wildfire' has the meaning given that
        term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act (42
        U.S.C. 1856m).
            ``(3) Wildfire suppression.--The term `wildfire suppression'
        means an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 2 of
    title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
    relating to section 40 the following:

    ``40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires.''.
        SEC. 383. AIRPORT SAFETY AND AIRSPACE HAZARD MITIGATION AND
          ENFORCEMENT.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as
    amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and
         enforcement
        ``(a) Coordination.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall work with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary
    of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant Federal
    departments and agencies for the purpose of ensuring that technologies
    or systems that are developed, tested, or deployed by Federal
    departments and agencies to detect and mitigate potential risks posed
    by errant or hostile unmanned aircraft system operations do not
    adversely impact or interfere with safe airport operations, navigation,
    air traffic services, or the safe and efficient operation of the
    national airspace system.
        ``(b) Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a plan for
        the certification, permitting, authorizing, or allowing of the
        deployment of technologies or systems for the detection and
        mitigation of unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(2) Contents.--The plan shall provide for the development of
        policies, procedures, or protocols that will allow appropriate
        officials of the Federal Aviation Administration to utilize such
        technologies or systems to take steps to detect and mitigate
        potential airspace safety risks posed by unmanned aircraft system
        operations.
            ``(3) Aviation rulemaking committee.--The Administrator shall
        charter an aviation rulemaking committee to make recommendations
        for such a plan and any standards that the Administrator determines
        may need to be developed with respect to such technologies or
        systems. The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall
        not apply to an aviation rulemaking committee chartered under this
        paragraph.
            ``(4) Non-delegation.--The plan shall not delegate any
        authority granted to the Administrator under this section to other
        Federal, State, local, territorial, or tribal agencies, or an
        airport sponsor, as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United
        States Code.
        ``(c) Airspace Hazard Mitigation Program.--In order to test and
    evaluate technologies or systems that detect and mitigate potential
    aviation safety risks posed by unmanned aircraft, the Administrator
    shall deploy such technologies or systems at 5 airports, including 1
    airport that ranks in the top 10 of the FAA's most recent Passenger
    Boarding Data.
        ``(d) Authority.--Under the testing and evaluation in subsection
    (c), the Administrator shall use unmanned aircraft detection and
    mitigation systems to detect and mitigate the unauthorized operation of
    an unmanned aircraft that poses a risk to aviation safety.
        ``(e) Aip Funding Eligibility.--Upon the certification, permitting,
    authorizing, or allowing of such technologies and systems that have
    been successfully tested under this section, an airport sponsor may
    apply for a grant under subchapter I of chapter 471 to purchase an
    unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation system. For purposes of this
    subsection, purchasing an unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation
    system shall be considered airport development (as defined in section
    47102).
        ``(f) Briefing.--The Administrator shall annually brief the
    appropriate committees of Congress, including the Committee on
    Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the
    Judiciary of the Senate, on the implementation of this section.
        ``(g) Applicability of Other Laws.--Section 46502 of this title,
    section 32 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the
    Aircraft Sabotage Act), section 1031 of title 18, United States Code
    (commonly known as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986), sections
    2510-2522 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the
    Wiretap Act), and sections 3121-3127 of title 18, United States Code
    (commonly known as the Pen/Trap Statute), shall not apply to activities
    authorized by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c) and (d).
        ``(h) Sunset.--This section ceases to be effective September 30,
    2023.
        ``(i) Non-delegation.--The Administrator shall not delegate any
    authority granted to the Administrator under this section to other
    Federal, State, local, territorial, or tribal agencies, or an airport
    sponsor, as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United States Code.
    The Administrator may partner with other Federal agencies under this
    section, subject to any restrictions contained in such agencies'
    authority to operate counter unmanned aircraft systems.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448,
        as amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end
        the following:

    ``44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and
              enforcement.''.

            (2) Pilot project for airport safety and airspace hazard
        mitigation.--Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and
        Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) and the
        item relating to that section in the table of contents under
        section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.
        SEC. 384. UNSAFE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 39A the following:
    ``Sec. 39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft
        ``(a) Offense.--Any person who operates an unmanned aircraft and:
            ``(1) Knowingly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of,
        an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special
        aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses
        an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as
        provided in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Recklessly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of,
        an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special
        aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses
        an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as
        provided in subsection (c).
        ``(b) Operation of Unmanned Aircraft in Close Proximity to
    Airports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who, without authorization,
        knowingly operates an unmanned aircraft within a runway exclusion
        zone shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Runway exclusion zone defined.--In this subsection, the
        term `runway exclusion zone' means a rectangular area--
                ``(A) centered on the centerline of an active runway of an
            airport immediately around which the airspace is designated as
            class B, class C, or class D airspace at the surface under part
            71 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                ``(B) the length of which extends parallel to the runway's
            centerline to points that are 1 statute mile from each end of
            the runway and the width of which is \1/2\ statute mile.
        ``(c) Penalty.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
        punishment for an offense under subsections (a) or (b) shall be a
        fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or
        both.
            ``(2) Serious bodily injury or death.--Any person who:
                ``(A) Causes serious bodily injury or death during the
            commission of an offense under subsection (a)(2) shall be fined
            under this title, imprisoned for a term of up to 10 years, or
            both.
                ``(B) Causes, or attempts or conspires to cause, serious
            bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense
            under subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be fined under this
            title, imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or
            both.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 2 of
    title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
    relating to section 39A the following:

    ``39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.''.

                      Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

        SEC. 391. SHORT TITLE.
        This subtitle may be cited as the ``Fairness for Pilots Act''.
        SEC. 392. EXPANSION OF PILOT'S BILL OF RIGHTS.
        (a) Notification of Investigation.--Subsection (b) of section 2 of
    the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49
    U.S.C. 44703 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``and the specific
        activity on which the investigation is based'' after ``nature of
        the investigation'';
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``timely''; and
            (3) in paragraph (5), by striking ``section 44709(c)(2)'' and
        inserting ``section 44709(e)(2)''.
        (b) Release of Investigative Reports.--Section 2 of the Pilot's
    Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 U.S.C. 44703
    note) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Release of Investigative Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                ``(A) Emergency orders.--In any proceeding conducted under
            part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, relating to
            the amendment, modification, suspension, or revocation of an
            airman certificate, in which the Administrator issues an
            emergency order under subsections (d) and (e) of section 44709,
            section 44710, or section 46105(c) of title 49, United States
            Code, or another order that takes effect immediately, the
            Administrator shall provide, upon request, to the individual
            holding the airman certificate the releasable portion of the
            investigative report at the time the Administrator issues the
            order. If the complete Report of Investigation is not available
            at the time of the request, the Administrator shall issue all
            portions of the report that are available at the time and shall
            provide the full report not later than 5 days after its
            completion.
                ``(B) Other orders.--In any nonemergency proceeding
            conducted under part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations, relating to the amendment, modification,
            suspension, or revocation of an airman certificate, in which
            the Administrator notifies the certificate holder of a proposed
            certificate action under subsections (b) and (c) of section
            44709 or section 44710 of title 49, United States Code, the
            Administrator shall, upon the written request of the covered
            certificate holder and at any time after that notification,
            provide to the covered certificate holder the releasable
            portion of the investigative report.
            ``(2) Motion for dismissal.--If the Administrator does not
        provide the releasable portions of the investigative report to the
        individual holding the airman certificate subject to the proceeding
        referred to in paragraph (1) by the time required by that
        paragraph, the individual may move to dismiss the complaint of the
        Administrator or for other relief and, unless the Administrator
        establishes good cause for the failure to provide the investigative
        report or for a lack of timeliness, the administrative law judge
        shall order such relief as the judge considers appropriate.
            ``(3) Releasable portion of investigative report.--For purposes
        of paragraph (1), the releasable portion of an investigative report
        is all information in the report, except for the following:
                ``(A) Information that is privileged.
                ``(B) Information that constitutes work product or reflects
            internal deliberative process.
                ``(C) Information that would disclose the identity of a
            confidential source.
                ``(D) Information the disclosure of which is prohibited by
            any other provision of law.
                ``(E) Information that is not relevant to the subject
            matter of the proceeding.
                ``(F) Information the Administrator can demonstrate is
            withheld for good cause.
                ``(G) Sensitive security information, as defined in section
            15.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
            corresponding similar ruling or regulation).
            ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall
        be construed to prevent the Administrator from releasing to an
        individual subject to an investigation described in subsection
        (b)(1)--
                ``(A) information in addition to the information included
            in the releasable portion of the investigative report; or
                ``(B) a copy of the investigative report before the
            Administrator issues a complaint.''.
        SEC. 393. NOTIFICATION OF REEXAMINATION OF CERTIFICATE HOLDERS.
        (a) In General.--Section 44709(a) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Administrator'' and inserting the
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator'';
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Notification of reexamination of airman.--Before taking
        any action to reexamine an airman under paragraph (1) the
        Administrator shall provide to the airman--
                ``(A) a reasonable basis, described in detail, for
            requesting the reexamination; and
                ``(B) any information gathered by the Federal Aviation
            Administration, that the Administrator determines is
            appropriate to provide, such as the scope and nature of the
            requested reexamination, that formed the basis for that
            justification.''.
        SEC. 394. EXPEDITING UPDATES TO NOTAM PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator may not take any
    enforcement action against any individual for a violation of a NOTAM
    (as defined in section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44701
    note)) until the Administrator certifies to the appropriate committees
    of Congress that the Administrator has complied with the requirements
    of section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights, as amended by this section.
        (b) Amendments.--Section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public
    Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1162; 49 U.S.C. 44701 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                    (i) by striking ``this Act'' and inserting ``the
                Fairness for Pilots Act''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``begin'' and inserting ``complete the
                implementation of'';
                (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
                ``(B) to continue developing and modernizing the NOTAM
            repository, in a public central location, to maintain and
            archive all NOTAMs, including the original content and form of
            the notices, the original date of publication, and any
            amendments to such notices with the date of each amendment, in
            a manner that is Internet-accessible, machine-readable, and
            searchable;'';
                (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; and''; and
                (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(D) to specify the times during which temporary flight
            restrictions are in effect and the duration of a designation of
            special use airspace in a specific area.''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
        ``(d) Designation of Repository as Sole Source for NOTAMs.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator--
                ``(A) shall consider the repository for NOTAMs under
            subsection (a)(2)(B) to be the sole location for airmen to
            check for NOTAMs; and
                ``(B) may not consider a NOTAM to be announced or published
            until the NOTAM is included in the repository for NOTAMs under
            subsection (a)(2)(B).
            ``(2) Prohibition on taking action for violations of notams not
        in repository.--
                ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B),
            beginning on the date that the repository under subsection
            (a)(2)(B) is final and published, the Administrator may not
            take any enforcement action against an airman for a violation
            of a NOTAM during a flight if--
                    ``(i) that NOTAM is not available through the
                repository before the commencement of the flight; and
                    ``(ii) that NOTAM is not reasonably accessible and
                identifiable to the airman.
                ``(B) Exception for national security.--Subparagraph (A)
            shall not apply in the case of an enforcement action for a
            violation of a NOTAM that directly relates to national
            security.''.
        SEC. 395. ACCESSIBILITY OF CERTAIN FLIGHT DATA.
        (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by inserting after section 47124 the following:
    ``Sec. 47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administration.--The term `Administration' means the
        Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) Applicable individual.--The term `applicable individual'
        means an individual who is the subject of an investigation
        initiated by the Administrator related to a covered flight record.
            ``(4) Contract tower.--The term `contract tower' means an air
        traffic control tower providing air traffic control services
        pursuant to a contract with the Administration under section 47124.
            ``(5) Covered flight record.--The term `covered flight record'
        means any air traffic data (as defined in section 2(b)(4)(B) of the
        Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note)), created,
        maintained, or controlled by any program of the Administration,
        including any program of the Administration carried out by
        employees or contractors of the Administration, such as contract
        towers, flight service stations, and controller training programs.
        ``(b) Provision of Covered Flight Record to Administration.--
            ``(1) Requests.--Whenever the Administration receives a written
        request for a covered flight record from an applicable individual
        and the covered flight record is not in the possession of the
        Administration, the Administrator shall request the covered flight
        record from the contract tower or other contractor of the
        Administration in possession of the covered flight record.
            ``(2) Provision of records.--Any covered flight record created,
        maintained, or controlled by a contract tower or another contractor
        of the Administration that maintains covered flight records shall
        be provided to the Administration if the Administration requests
        the record pursuant to paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Notice of proposed certificate action.--If the
        Administrator has issued, or subsequently issues, a Notice of
        Proposed Certificate Action relying on evidence contained in the
        covered flight record and the individual who is the subject of an
        investigation has requested the record, the Administrator shall
        promptly produce the record and extend the time the individual has
        to respond to the Notice of Proposed Certificate Action until the
        covered flight record is provided.
        ``(c) Implementation.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act, the Administrator shall
        promulgate regulations or guidance to ensure compliance with this
        section.
            ``(2) Compliance by contractors.--
                ``(A) In general.--Compliance with this section by a
            contract tower or other contractor of the Administration that
            maintains covered flight records shall be included as a
            material term in any contract between the Administration and
            the contract tower or contractor entered into or renewed on or
            after the date of enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act.
                ``(B) Nonapplicability.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply
            to any contract or agreement in effect on the date of enactment
            of the Fairness for Pilots Act unless the contract or agreement
            is renegotiated, renewed, or modified after that date.
        ``(d) Protection of Certain Data.--The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may withhold information that would otherwise
    be required to be made available under section only if--
            ``(1) the Administrator determines, based on information in the
        possession of the Administrator, that the Administrator may
        withhold the information in accordance with section 552a of title
        5, United States Code; or
            ``(2) the information is submitted pursuant to a voluntary
        safety reporting program covered by section 40123 of title 49,
        United States Code.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents for
    chapter 471 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section
    47124 the following:

    ``47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data.''.
        SEC. 396. AUTHORITY FOR LEGAL COUNSEL TO ISSUE CERTAIN NOTICES.
        Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall designate the appropriate legal counsel of the
    Administration as an appropriate official for purposes of section 13.11
    of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

                       TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS
               Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

        SEC. 401. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title:
            (1) Covered air carrier.--The term ``covered air carrier''
        means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as those terms are
        defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Online service.--The term ``online service'' means any
        service available over the internet, or that connects to the
        internet or a wide-area network.
            (3) Ticket agent.--The term ``ticket agent'' has the meaning
        given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
        SEC. 402. RELIABLE AIR SERVICE IN AMERICAN SAMOA.
        Section 40109(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting
        the following:
            ``(C) review the exemption at least every 30 days (or, in the
        case of an exemption that is necessary to provide and sustain air
        transportation in American Samoa between the islands of Tutuila and
        Manu'a, at least every 180 days) to ensure that the unusual
        circumstances that established the need for the exemption still
        exist.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Renewal of exemptions.--
                ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B),
            the Secretary may renew an exemption (including renewals) under
            this subsection for not more than 30 days.
                ``(B) Exception.--The Secretary may renew an exemption
            (including renewals) under this subsection that is necessary to
            provide and sustain air transportation in American Samoa
            between the islands of Tutuila and Manu'a for not more than 180
            days.
            ``(4) Continuation of exemptions.--An exemption granted by the
        Secretary under this subsection may continue for not more than 5
        days after the unusual circumstances that established the need for
        the exemption cease.''.
        SEC. 403. CELL PHONE VOICE COMMUNICATION BAN.
        (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications
        ``(a) Prohibition.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue
    regulations--
            ``(1) to prohibit an individual on an aircraft from engaging in
        voice communications using a mobile communications device during a
        flight of that aircraft in scheduled passenger interstate or
        intrastate air transportation; and
            ``(2) that exempt from the prohibition described in paragraph
        (1) any--
                ``(A) member of the flight crew on duty on an aircraft;
                ``(B) flight attendant on duty on an aircraft; and
                ``(C) Federal law enforcement officer acting in an official
            capacity.
        ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
            ``(1) Flight.--The term `flight' means, with respect to an
        aircraft, the period beginning when the aircraft takes off and
        ending when the aircraft lands.
            ``(2) Mobile communications device.--
                ``(A) In general.--The term `mobile communications device'
            means any portable wireless telecommunications equipment
            utilized for the transmission or reception of voice data.
                ``(B) Limitation.--The term `mobile communications device'
            does not include a phone installed on an aircraft.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
    section 41724 the following:

    ``41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications.''.
        SEC. 404. IMPROVED NOTIFICATION OF INSECTICIDE USE.
        Section 42303(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
        ``(b) Required Disclosures.--An air carrier, foreign air carrier,
    or ticket agent selling, in the United States, a ticket for a flight in
    foreign air transportation to a country listed on the internet website
    established under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) disclose, on its own internet website or through other
        means, that the destination country may require the air carrier or
        foreign air carrier to treat an aircraft passenger cabin with
        insecticides prior to the flight or to apply an aerosol insecticide
        in an aircraft cabin used for such a flight when the cabin is
        occupied with passengers; and
            ``(2) refer the purchaser of the ticket to the internet website
        established under subsection (a) for additional information.''.
        SEC. 405. CONSUMER COMPLAINTS HOTLINE.
        Section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(d) Use of New Technologies.--The Secretary shall periodically
    evaluate the benefits of using mobile phone applications or other
    widely used technologies to provide new means for air passengers to
    communicate complaints in addition to the telephone number established
    under subsection (a) and shall provide such new means as the Secretary
    determines appropriate.''.
        SEC. 406. CONSUMER INFORMATION ON ACTUAL FLIGHT TIMES.
        (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study
    on the feasibility and advisability of modifying regulations contained
    in section 234.11 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure
    that--
            (1) a reporting carrier (including its contractors), during the
        course of a reservation or ticketing discussion or other inquiry,
        discloses to a consumer upon reasonable request the projected
        period between the actual wheels-off and wheels-on times for a
        reportable flight; and
            (2) a reporting carrier displays, on the public internet
        website of the carrier, information on the actual wheels-off and
        wheels-on times during the most recent calendar month for a
        reportable flight.
        (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``reporting carrier''
    and ``reportable flight'' have the meanings given those terms in
    section 234.2 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on
    the date of enactment of this Act).
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the
    results of the study.
        SEC. 407. TRAINING POLICIES REGARDING RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS
          NONDISCRIMINATION.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and the
    Secretary of Transportation a report describing--
            (1) each air carrier's training policy for its employees and
        contractors regarding racial, ethnic, and religious
        nondiscrimination; and
            (2) how frequently an air carrier is required to train new
        employees and contractors because of turnover in positions that
        require such training.
        (b) Best Practices.--After the date the report is submitted under
    subsection (a), the Secretary shall develop and disseminate to air
    carriers best practices necessary to improve the training policies
    described in subsection (a), based on the findings of the report and in
    consultation with--
            (1) passengers of diverse racial, ethnic, and religious
        backgrounds;
            (2) national organizations that represent impacted communities;
            (3) air carriers;
            (4) airport operators; and
            (5) contract service providers.
        SEC. 408. TRAINING ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR CERTAIN STAFF.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, as
    amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``Sec. 44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff
        ``In addition to other training requirements, each air carrier
    shall provide training to ticket counter agents, gate agents, and other
    air carrier workers whose jobs require regular interaction with
    passengers on recognizing and responding to potential human trafficking
    victims.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49,
    United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:

    ``44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.''.
        SEC. 409. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST SMOKING ON PASSENGER FLIGHTS.
        Section 41706 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Electronic Cigarettes.--
            ``(1) Inclusion.--The use of an electronic cigarette shall be
        treated as smoking for purposes of this section.
            ``(2) Electronic cigarette defined.--In this section, the term
        `electronic cigarette' means a device that delivers nicotine to a
        user of the device in the form of a vapor that is inhaled to
        simulate the experience of smoking.''.
        SEC. 410. REPORT ON BAGGAGE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
        Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) study and publicize for comment a cost-benefit analysis to
        air carriers and consumers of changing the baggage reporting
        requirements of section 234.6 of title 14, Code of Federal
        Regulations, before the implementation of such requirements; and
            (2) submit a report on the findings of the cost-benefit
        analysis to the appropriate committees of Congress.
        SEC. 411. ENFORCEMENT OF AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION RULES.
        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study to consider and evaluate Department of Transportation
    enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
        (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall include an
    evaluation of--
            (1) available enforcement mechanisms;
            (2) any obstacles to enforcement; and
            (3) trends in Department of Transportation enforcement actions.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the study, including the Comptroller
    General's findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
        SEC. 412. STROLLERS.
        (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United
    States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at
    the end the following:
    ``Sec. 41726. Strollers
        ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), a covered
    air carrier shall not deny a passenger the ability to check a stroller
    at the departure gate if the stroller is being used by a passenger to
    transport a child traveling on the same flight as the passenger.
        ``(b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply in instances where
    the size or weight of the stroller poses a safety or security risk.
        ``(c) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term
    `covered air carrier' means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as
    those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States
    Code.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by inserting after the item
    relating to section 41725 the following:

    ``41726. Strollers.''.
        SEC. 413. CAUSES OF AIRLINE DELAYS OR CANCELLATIONS.
        (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in
        consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration, shall review the categorization of delays and
        cancellations with respect to air carriers that are required to
        report such data.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under paragraph
        (1), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
                (A) whether delays and cancellations were the result of--
                    (i) decisions or matters within the control or within
                the discretion of the Federal Aviation Administration,
                including ground stop or delay management programs in
                response to adverse weather conditions;
                    (ii) business decisions or other matters within the air
                carrier's control or discretion in response to adverse
                weather conditions, including efforts to disrupt the travel
                of the fewest number of passengers; or
                    (iii) other factors;
                (B) if the data indicate whether and to what extent delays
            and cancellations attributed by an air carrier to weather
            disproportionately impact service to smaller airports and
            communities;
                (C) whether it is an unfair or deceptive practice for an
            air carrier to inform a passenger that a flight is delayed or
            cancelled due to weather alone when other factors are involved;
                (D) limitations, if any, in the Federal Aviation
            Administration air traffic control systems that reduce the
            capacity or efficiency of the national airspace system during
            adverse weather events; and
                (E) relevant analytical work by academic institutions.
            (3) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult air carriers and
        the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection,
        established under section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform
        Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 prec. note), to assist in conducting
        the review and providing recommendations on improving the quality
        and quantity of information provided to passengers adversely
        affected by a cancellation or delay.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under
    subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review under
    subsection (a), including any recommendations.
        (c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section shall be construed
    as affecting or penalizing--
            (1) the decision of an air carrier to maximize its system
        capacity during weather-related events to accommodate the greatest
        number of passengers; or
            (2) any decisions of an air carrier or the Federal Aviation
        Administration in any matter related to or affecting the safety of
        any person.
        SEC. 414. INVOLUNTARY CHANGES TO ITINERARIES.
        (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall review
        the rate at which air carriers change passenger itineraries more
        than 24 hours before departure, where the new itineraries involve
        additional stops or depart 3 hours earlier or later than originally
        scheduled and compensation or other suitable air transportation is
        not offered. In conducting the review, the Secretary shall consider
        the compensation and alternative travel options provided or offered
        by the air carrier in such situations.
            (2) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult with air carriers
        and the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection,
        established under section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform
        Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 prec. note), to assist in conducting
        the review and providing recommendations.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under
    subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the review under subsection (a).
        SEC. 415. EXTENSION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AVIATION CONSUMER
          PROTECTION.
        Section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49
    U.S.C. 42301 prec. note) is amended in subsection (h) by striking
    ``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
        SEC. 416. ONLINE ACCESS TO AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION
          INFORMATION.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) complete an evaluation of the aviation consumer protection
        portion of the Department of Transportation's public internet
        website to identify any changes to the user interface, including
        the interface presented to individuals accessing the website from a
        mobile device, that will improve usability, accessibility, consumer
        satisfaction, and website performance;
            (2) in completing the evaluation under paragraph (1)--
                (A) consider the best practices of other Federal agencies
            with effective websites; and
                (B) consult with the Federal Web Managers Council;
            (3) develop a plan, including an implementation timeline, for--
                (A) making the changes identified under paragraph (1); and
                (B) making any necessary changes to that portion of the
            website that will enable a consumer, in a manner that protects
            the privacy of consumers and employees, to--
                    (i) access information regarding each complaint filed
                with the Aviation Consumer Protection Division of the
                Department of Transportation;
                    (ii) search the complaints described in clause (i) by
                the name of the air carrier, the dates of departure and
                arrival, the airports of origin and departure, and the type
                of complaint; and
                    (iii) determine the date a complaint was filed and the
                date a complaint was resolved; and
            (4) submit the evaluation and plan to appropriate committees of
        Congress.
        SEC. 417. PROTECTION OF PETS ON AIRPLANES.
        (a) Prohibition.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44739. Pets on airplanes
        ``(a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for any person to place a
    live animal in an overhead storage compartment of an aircraft operated
    under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        ``(b) Civil Penalty.--The Administrator may impose a civil penalty
    under section 46301 for each violation of this section.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title
    49, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``44739. Pets on airplanes.''.
        SEC. 418. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON AIR AMBULANCE AND PATIENT BILLING.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall establish an advisory
    committee for the purpose of reviewing options to improve the
    disclosure of charges and fees for air medical services, better inform
    consumers of insurance options for such services, and protect consumers
    from balance billing.
        (b) Composition of the Advisory Committee.--The advisory committee
    shall be composed of the following members:
            (1) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary's
        designee.
            (2) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, or the
        Secretary's designee.
            (3) One representative, to be appointed by the Secretary of
        Transportation, of each of the following:
                (A) Each relevant Federal agency, as determined by the
            Secretary of Transportation.
                (B) State insurance regulators
                (C) Health insurance providers.
                (D) Patient advocacy groups.
                (E) Consumer advocacy groups.
                (F) Physician specializing in emergency, trauma, cardiac,
            or stroke.
            (4) Three representatives, to be appointed by the Secretary of
        Transportation, to represent the various segments of the air
        ambulance industry.
            (5) Additional three representatives not covered under
        paragraphs (1) through (4), as determined necessary and appropriate
        by the Secretary.
        (c) Consultation.--The advisory committee shall, as appropriate,
    consult with relevant experts and stakeholders not captured in (b)
    while conducting its review.
        (d) Recommendations.--The advisory committee shall make
    recommendations with respect to disclosure of charges and fees for air
    ambulance services and insurance coverage, consumer protection and
    enforcement authorities of both the Department of Transportation and
    State authorities, and the prevention of balance billing to consumers.
    The recommendations shall address, at a minimum--
            (1) the costs, benefits, practicability, and impact on all
        stakeholders of clearly distinguishing between charges for air
        transportation services and charges for non-air transportation
        services in bills and invoices, including the costs, benefits, and
        practicability of--
                (A) developing cost-allocation methodologies to separate
            charges for air transportation services from charges for non-
            air transportation services; and
                (B) formats for bills and invoices that clearly distinguish
            between charges for air transportation services and charges for
            non-air transportation services;
            (2) options, best practices, and identified standards to
        prevent instances of balance billing such as improving network and
        contract negotiation, dispute resolution between health insurance
        and air medical service providers, and explanation of insurance
        coverage and subscription programs to consumers;
            (3) steps that can be taken by State legislatures, State
        insurance regulators, State attorneys general, and other State
        officials as appropriate, consistent with current legal authorities
        regarding consumer protection;
            (4) recommendations made by the Comptroller General study, GAO-
        17-637, including what additional data from air ambulance providers
        and other sources should be collected by the Department of
        Transportation to improve its understanding of the air ambulance
        market and oversight of the air ambulance industry for the purposes
        of pursuing action related to unfair or deceptive practices or
        unfair methods of competition, which may include--
                (A) cost data;
                (B) standard charges and payments received per transport;
                (C) whether the provider is part of a hospital-sponsored
            program, municipality-sponsored program, hospital-independent
            partnership (hybrid) program, or independent program;
                (D) number of transports per base and helicopter;
                (E) market shares of air ambulance providers inclusive of
            any parent or holding companies;
                (F) any data indicating the extent of competition among air
            ambulance providers on the basis of price and service;
                (G) prices assessed to consumers and insurers for air
            transportation and any non-transportation services provided by
            air ambulance providers; and
                (H) financial performance of air ambulance providers;
            (5) definitions of all applicable terms that are not defined in
        statute or regulations; and
            (6) other matters as determined necessary or appropriate.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the first
    meeting of the advisory committee, the advisory committee shall submit
    to the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Health and Human
    Services, and the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    containing the recommendations made under subsection (d).
        (f) Rulemaking.--Upon receipt of the report under subsection (e),
    the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the recommendations of
    the advisory committee and issue regulations or other guidance as
    deemed necessary--
            (1) to require air ambulance providers to regularly report data
        to the Department of Transportation;
            (2) to increase transparency related to Department of
        Transportation actions related to consumer complaints; and
            (3) to provide other consumer protections for customers of air
        ambulance providers.
        (g) Elimination of Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics.--
    The Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics shall terminate on
    the date of enactment of this Act.
        SEC. 419. AIR AMBULANCE COMPLAINTS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
          TRANSPORTATION.
        (a) Consumer Complaints.--Section 42302 of title 49, United States
    Code, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ``(including transportation
        by air ambulance (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation))''
        after ``air transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(e) Air Ambulance Providers.--Each air ambulance provider shall
    include the hotline telephone number, link to the Internet website
    established under subsection (a), and contact information for the
    Aviation Consumer Advocate established under section 425 on--
            ``(1) any invoice, bill, or other communication provided to a
        passenger or customer of the provider; and
            ``(2) its Internet Web site, and any related mobile device
        application.''.
        (b) Unfair and Deceptive Practices and Unfair Methods of
    Competition.--Section 41712(a) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting ``air ambulance consumer (as defined by the
    Secretary of Transportation),'' after ``foreign air carrier,'' in the
    first place it appears.
        SEC. 420. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AIR AMBULANCE OVERSIGHT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after submission of the
    report required under section 418, the Secretary of Transportation
    shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress on air
    ambulance oversight.
        (b) Contents of Report.--The report required under subsection (a)
    shall include--
            (1) a description of how the Secretary will conduct oversight
        of air ambulance providers, including the information sources the
        Secretary will use to conduct such oversight; and
            (2) a timeline for the issuance of any guidance concerning
        unfair and deceptive practices among air ambulance providers,
        including guidance for States and political subdivisions of States
        to refer such matters to the Secretary.
        SEC. 421. REFUNDS FOR OTHER FEES THAT ARE NOT HONORED BY A COVERED
          AIR CARRIER.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate regulations that require
    each covered air carrier to promptly provide a refund to a passenger of
    any ancillary fees paid for services related to air travel that the
    passenger does not receive, including on the passenger's scheduled
    flight, on a subsequent replacement itinerary if there has been a
    rescheduling, or for a flight not taken by the passenger.
        SEC. 422. ADVANCE BOARDING DURING PREGNANCY.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall review air carrier policies
    regarding traveling during pregnancy and, if appropriate, may revise
    regulations, as the Secretary considers necessary, to require an air
    carrier to offer advance boarding of an aircraft to a pregnant
    passenger who requests such assistance.
        SEC. 423. CONSUMER COMPLAINT PROCESS IMPROVEMENT.
        (a) In General.--Section 42302(c) of title 49, United States Code
    is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``An air
        carrier or foreign air carrier providing scheduled air
        transportation using any aircraft that as originally designed has a
        passenger capacity of 30 or more passenger seats'' and inserting
        ``Each air carrier and foreign air carrier'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``air carrier'' and inserting
        ``carrier''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``air carrier'' and inserting
        ``carrier''.
        (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate
    regulations to implement the requirements of section 42302 of title 49,
    United States Code, as amended by this Act.
        SEC. 424. AVIATION CONSUMER ADVOCATE.
        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall review
    aviation consumer complaints received that allege a violation of law
    and, as appropriate, pursue enforcement or corrective actions that
    would be in the public interest.
        (b) Considerations.--In considering which cases to pursue for
    enforcement or corrective action under subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall consider--
            (1) the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100
        Stat. 1080);
            (2) unfair and deceptive practices by air carriers (including
        air ambulance operators), foreign air carriers, and ticket agents;
            (3) the terms and conditions agreed to between passengers and
        air carriers (including air ambulance operators), foreign air
        carriers, or ticket agents;
            (4) aviation consumer protection and tarmac delay contingency
        planning requirements for both airports and airlines;
            (5) protection of air ambulance consumers; and
            (6) any other applicable law.
        (c) Aviation Consumer Advocate.--
            (1) In general.--Within the Aviation Consumer Protection
        Division of the Department of Transportation, there shall be an
        Aviation Consumer Advocate.
            (2) Functions.--The Aviation Consumer Advocate shall--
                (A) assist consumers in resolving carrier service
            complaints filed with the Aviation Consumer Protection
            Division;
                (B) review the resolution by the Department of
            Transportation of carrier service complaints;
                (C) identify and recommend actions the Department can take
            to improve the enforcement of aviation consumer protection
            rules, protection of air ambulance consumers, and resolution of
            carrier service complaints; and
                (D) identify and recommend regulations and policies that
            can be amended to more effectively resolve carrier service
            complaints.
        (d) Annual Reports.--The Secretary, through the Aviation Consumer
    Advocate, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an
    annual report summarizing the following:
            (1) The total number of annual complaints received by the
        Department, including the number of complaints by the name of each
        air carrier and foreign air carrier.
            (2) The total number of annual complaints by category of
        complaint.
            (3) The number of complaints referred in the preceding year for
        enforcement or corrective action by the Department.
            (4) Any recommendations under paragraphs (2)(C) and (2)(D) of
        subsection (c).
            (5) Such other data as the Aviation Consumer Advocate considers
        appropriate.
        (e) Sunset on Reporting Requirement.--The reporting requirement of
    subsection (d) shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
        SEC. 425. TICKETS ACT.
        (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Transparency
    Improvements and Compensation to Keep Every Ticketholder Safe Act of
    2018'' or the ``TICKETS Act''.
        (b) Boarded Passengers.--Beginning on the date of enactment of this
    Act, a covered air carrier may not deny a revenue passenger traveling
    on a confirmed reservation permission to board, or involuntarily remove
    that passenger from the aircraft, once a revenue passenger has--
            (1) checked in for the flight prior to the check-in deadline;
        and
            (2) had their ticket or boarding pass collected or
        electronically scanned and accepted by the gate agent.
        (c) Limitations.--The prohibition pursuant to subsection (b) shall
    not apply when--
            (1) there is a safety, security, or health risk with respect to
        that revenue passenger or there is a safety or security issue
        requiring removal of a revenue passenger; or
            (2) the revenue passenger is engaging in behavior that is
        obscene, disruptive, or otherwise unlawful.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to limit or otherwise affect the responsibility or authority of a pilot
    in command of an aircraft under section 121.533 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, or limit any penalty under section 46504 of title
    49, United States Code.
        (e) Involuntary Denied Boarding Compensation.--Not later than 60
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
    Transportation shall issue a final rule to revise part 250 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations, to clarify that--
            (1) there is not a maximum level of compensation an air carrier
        or foreign air carrier may pay to a passenger who is involuntarily
        denied boarding as the result of an oversold flight;
            (2) the compensation levels set forth in that part are the
        minimum levels of compensation an air carrier or foreign air
        carrier must pay to a passenger who is involuntarily denied
        boarding as the result of an oversold flight; and
            (3) an air carrier or foreign air carrier must proactively
        offer to pay compensation to a passenger who is voluntarily or
        involuntarily denied boarding on an oversold flight, rather than
        waiting until the passenger requests the compensation.
        (f) GAO Report on Oversales.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United States
        shall review airline policies and practices related to oversales of
        flights.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under paragraph
        (1), the Comptroller General shall examine--
                (A) the impact on passengers as a result of an oversale,
            including increasing or decreasing the costs of passenger air
            transportation;
                (B) economic and operational factors which result in
            oversales;
                (C) whether, and if so how, the incidence of oversales
            varies depending on markets;
                (D) potential consequences on the limiting of oversales;
            and
                (E) best practices on how oversale policies can be
            communicated to passengers at airline check-in desks and
            airport gates.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
        of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review under
        paragraph (2).
        (g) Gate Notice of Policies.--The Secretary may provide guidance on
    how these policies should be communicated at covered air carrier check-
    in desks and airport gates.
        SEC. 426. REPORT ON AVAILABILITY OF LAVATORIES ON COMMERCIAL
          AIRCRAFT.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing--
            (1) the availability of functional lavatories on commercial
        aircraft;
            (2) the extent to which flights take off without functional
        lavatories;
            (3) the ability of passengers with disabilities to access
        lavatories on commercial aircraft;
            (4) the extent of complaints to the Department of
        Transportation and air carriers related to lavatories and efforts
        they have taken to address complaints; and
            (5) the extent to which air carriers are reducing the size and
        number of lavatories to add more seats and whether this creates
        passenger lavatory access issues.
        SEC. 427. CONSUMER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO LARGE TICKET
          AGENTS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a
    final rule to require large ticket agents to adopt minimum customer
    service standards.
        (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the final rule shall be to ensure
    that, to the extent feasible, there is a consistent level of consumer
    protection regardless of where consumers purchase air fares and related
    air transportation services.
        (c) Standards.--In issuing the final rule, the Secretary shall
    consider, to the extent feasible, establishing standards consistent
    with all customer service and disclosure requirements applicable to
    covered air carriers under this title and associated regulations.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Ticket agent.--
                (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the term
            ``ticket agent'' has the meaning given that term in section
            40102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
                (B) Inclusion.--The term ``ticket agent'' includes a person
            who acts as an intermediary involved in the sale of air
            transportation directly or indirectly to consumers, including
            by operating an electronic airline information system, if the
            person--
                    (i) holds the person out as a source of information
                about, or reservations for, the air transportation
                industry; and
                    (ii) receives compensation in any way related to the
                sale of air transportation.
            (2) Large ticket agent.--The term ``large ticket agent'' means
        a ticket agent with annual revenues of $100,000,000 or more.
        (e) Enforcement.--No large ticket agent may be found in
    noncompliance of any standard or requirement adopted in the final rule
    required by this section if--
            (1) the large ticket agent is unable to meet the new standard
        or requirement due to the lack of information or data from the
        covered air carrier and the information is required for the large
        ticket agent to comply with such standard or requirement; or
            (2) the sale of air transportation is made by a large ticket
        agent pursuant to a specific corporate or government fare
        management contract.
        SEC. 428. WIDESPREAD DISRUPTIONS.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 423 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 42304. Widespread disruptions
        ``(a) General Requirements.--In the event of a widespread
    disruption, a covered air carrier shall immediately publish, via a
    prominent link on the air carrier's public internet website, a clear
    statement indicating whether, with respect to a passenger of the air
    carrier whose travel is interrupted as a result of the widespread
    disruption, the air carrier will--
            ``(1) provide for hotel accommodations;
            ``(2) arrange for ground transportation;
            ``(3) provide meal vouchers;
            ``(4) arrange for air transportation on another air carrier or
        foreign air carrier to the passenger's destination; and
            ``(5) provide for sleeping facilities inside the airport
        terminal.
        ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
            ``(1) Widespread disruption.--The term `widespread disruption'
        means, with respect to a covered air carrier, the interruption of
        all or the overwhelming majority of the air carrier's systemwide
        flight operations, including flight delays and cancellations, as
        the result of the failure of 1 or more computer systems or computer
        networks of the air carrier.
            ``(2) Covered air carrier.--The term `covered air carrier'
        means an air carrier that provides scheduled passenger air
        transportation by operating an aircraft that as originally designed
        has a passenger capacity of 30 or more seats.
        ``(c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to modify, abridge, or repeal any obligation of an air carrier under
    section 42301.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 423 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``42304. Widespread disruptions.''.
        SEC. 429. PASSENGER RIGHTS.
        (a) Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall require each covered
    air carrier to submit a summarized 1-page document that describes the
    rights of passengers in air transportation, including guidelines for
    the following:
            (1) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals,
        and lodging) for flight delays of various lengths.
            (2) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals,
        and lodging) for flight diversions.
            (3) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals,
        and lodging) for flight cancellations.
            (4) Compensation for mishandled baggage, including delayed,
        damaged, pilfered, or lost baggage.
            (5) Voluntary relinquishment of a ticketed seat due to
        overbooking or priority of other passengers.
            (6) Involuntary denial of boarding and forced removal for
        whatever reason, including for safety and security reasons.
        (b) Filing of Summarized Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after
    each air carrier submits its guidelines to the Secretary under
    subsection (a), the air carrier shall make available such 1-page
    document in a prominent location on its website.

                Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

        SEC. 431. AVIATION CONSUMERS WITH DISABILITIES STUDY.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a
    study that includes--
            (1) a review of airport accessibility best practices for
        individuals with disabilities, including best practices that
        improve infrastructure facilities and communications methods,
        including those related to wayfinding, amenities, and passenger
        care;
            (2) a review of air carrier and airport training policies
        related to section 41705 of title 49, United States Code;
            (3) a review of air carrier training policies related to
        properly assisting passengers with disabilities; and
            (4) a review of accessibility best practices that exceed those
        recommended under Public Law 90-480 (popularly known as the
        Architectural Barriers Act of 1968; 42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq.), the
        Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), the Air Carrier
        Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100 Stat. 1080 et seq.), and
        the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et
        seq.).
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the Comptroller
    General initiates the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller
    General shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation and the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the study, including
    findings and recommendations.
        SEC. 432. STUDY ON IN-CABIN WHEELCHAIR RESTRAINT SYSTEMS.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance
    Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, aircraft
    manufacturers, air carriers, and disability advocates, shall conduct a
    study to determine--
            (1) the feasibility of in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems;
        and
            (2) if feasible, the ways in which individuals with significant
        disabilities using wheelchairs, including power wheelchairs, can be
        accommodated with in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the initiation of the
    study under subsection (a), the Architectural and Transportation
    Barriers Compliance Board shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on the findings of the study.
        SEC. 433. IMPROVING WHEELCHAIR ASSISTANCE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH
          DISABILITIES.
        Following the receipt of the report required under section 2107 of
    the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-
    190; 130 Stat. 622), the Secretary of Transportation shall develop, if
    appropriate, specific recommendations regarding improvements to
    wheelchair assistance provided by air carriers and recommendations on
    how training programs by air carriers can address consumer complaints
    regarding wheelchair assistance.
        SEC. 434. AIRLINE PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES BILL OF RIGHTS.
        (a) Airline Passengers With Disabilities Bill of Rights.--The
    Secretary of Transportation shall develop a document, to be known as
    the ``Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights'', using
    plain language to describe the basic protections and responsibilities
    of covered air carriers, their employees and contractors, and people
    with disabilities under the section 41705 of title 49, United States
    Code.
        (b) Content.--In developing the Airline Passengers with
    Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
    include, at a minimum, plain language descriptions of protections and
    responsibilities provided in law related to the following:
            (1) The right of passengers with disabilities to be treated
        with dignity and respect.
            (2) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive timely
        assistance, if requested, from properly trained covered air carrier
        and contractor personnel.
            (3) The right of passengers with disabilities to travel with
        wheelchairs, mobility aids, and other assistive devices, including
        necessary medications and medical supplies, including stowage of
        such wheelchairs, aids, and devices.
            (4) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive
        seating accommodations, if requested, to accommodate a disability.
            (5) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive
        announcements in an accessible format.
            (6) The right of passengers with disabilities to speak with a
        complaint resolution officer or to file a complaint with a covered
        air carrier or the Department of Transportation.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--The development of the Airline
    Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsections (a) and
    (b) shall not be construed as expanding or restricting the rights
    available to passengers with disabilities on the day before the date of
    the enactment of this Act pursuant to any statute or regulation.
        (d) Consultations.--In developing the Airline Passengers with
    Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary of
    Transportation shall consult with stakeholders, including disability
    organizations and covered air carriers and their contractors.
        (e) Display.--Each covered air carrier shall include the Airline
    Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights--
            (1) on a publicly available internet website of the covered air
        carrier; and
            (2) in any pre-flight notifications or communications provided
        to passengers who alert the covered air carrier in advance of the
        need for accommodations relating to a disability.
        (f) Training.--Covered air carriers and contractors of covered air
    carriers shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation plans that
    ensure employees of covered air carriers and their contractors receive
    training on the protections and responsibilities described in the
    Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights. The Secretary
    shall review such plans to ensure the plans address the matters
    described in subsection (b).
        SEC. 435. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING EQUAL ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS
          WITH DISABILITIES.
        It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the aviation industry and every relevant stakeholder must
        work to ensure that every individual who experiences a disability
        has equal access to air travel;
            (2) as technology and ease of travel continue to advance,
        accessibility must be a priority; and
            (3) accommodations must--
                (A) extend to every airport and service or facility of an
            air carrier; and
                (B) be inclusive of every disability.
        SEC. 436. CIVIL PENALTIES RELATING TO HARM TO PASSENGERS WITH
          DISABILITIES.
        Section 46301(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(7) Penalties Relating to Harm to Passengers With Disabilities.--
            ``(A) Penalty for bodily harm or damage to wheelchair or other
        mobility aid.--The amount of a civil penalty assessed under this
        section for a violation of section 41705 that involves damage to a
        passenger's wheelchair or other mobility aid or injury to a
        passenger with a disability may be increased above the otherwise
        applicable maximum amount under this section for a violation of
        section 41705 to an amount not to exceed 3 times the maximum
        penalty otherwise allowed.
            ``(B) Each act constitutes separate offense.--Notwithstanding
        paragraph (2), a separate violation of section 41705 occurs for
        each act of discrimination prohibited by that section.''.
        SEC. 437. HARMONIZATION OF SERVICE ANIMAL STANDARDS.
        (a) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a
    rulemaking proceeding--
            (1) to define the term ``service animal'' for purposes of air
        transportation; and
            (2) to develop minimum standards for what is required for
        service and emotional support animals carried in aircraft cabins.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the rulemaking under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) whether to align the definition of ``service animal'' with
        the definition of that term in regulations of the Department of
        Justice implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
        (Public Law 101-336);
            (2) reasonable measures to ensure pets are not claimed as
        service animals, such as--
                (A) whether to require photo identification for a service
            animal identifying the type of animal, the breed of animal, and
            the service the animal provides to the passenger;
                (B) whether to require documentation indicating whether or
            not a service animal was trained by the owner or an approved
            training organization;
                (C) whether to require, from a licensed physician,
            documentation indicating the mitigating task or tasks a service
            animal provides to its owner; and
                (D) whether to allow a passenger to be accompanied by more
            than 1 service animal;
            (3) reasonable measures to ensure the safety of all passengers,
        such as--
                (A) whether to require health and vaccination records for a
            service animal; and
                (B) whether to require third-party proof of behavioral
            training for a service animal;
            (4) the impact additional requirements on service animals could
        have on access to air transportation for passengers with
        disabilities; and
            (5) if impacts on access to air transportation for passengers
        with disabilities are found, ways to eliminate or mitigate those
        impacts.
        (c) Final Rule.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant
    to the rulemaking conducted under this section.
        SEC. 438. REVIEW OF PRACTICES FOR TICKETING, PRE-FLIGHT SEAT
          ASSIGNMENTS, AND STOWING OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR PASSENGERS WITH
          DISABILITIES.
        (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the first meeting
        of the advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers
        with disabilities established in section 439 (referred to in this
        section as the ``Advisory Committee''), the Secretary of
        Transportation shall direct the Advisory Committee to review
        current regulations with respect to practices for ticketing, pre-
        flight seat assignments, and stowing of assistive devices for
        passengers with disabilities.
            (2) Recommendations.--In carrying out the review under
        paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee shall, at a minimum, provide
        recommendations on whether current regulations should be modified
        or prescribed to--
                (A) provide accommodations for passengers with
            disabilities, if requested, in ticketing and pre-flight
            assignments;
                (B) require covered air carriers to provide priority access
            to bulkhead seating to passengers with disabilities who need
            access to features of those seats due to disabilities
            regardless of class of service of ticket purchased; and
                (C) ensure passengers with disabilities are able to stow
            assistive devices without cost.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of their first
    meeting, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of
    Transportation and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on
    the review conducted under subsection (a)(1), including the
    recommendations developed under subsection (a)(2).
        SEC. 439. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE AIR TRAVEL NEEDS OF PASSENGERS
          WITH DISABILITIES.
        (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish
    an advisory committee on issues related to the air travel needs of
    passengers with disabilities (referred to in this section as the
    ``Advisory Committee'').
        (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall--
            (1) identify and assess the disability-related access barriers
        encountered by passengers with disabilities;
            (2) determine the extent to which the programs and activities
        of the Department of Transportation are addressing the barriers
        identified in paragraph (1);
            (3) recommend consumer protection improvements to the air
        travel experience of passengers with disabilities;
            (4) advise the Secretary with regard to the implementation of
        section 41705 of title 49, United States Code; and
            (5) conduct such activities as the Secretary considers
        necessary to carry out this section.
        (c) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of at
        least 1 representative of each of the following groups:
                (A) Passengers with disabilities.
                (B) National disability organizations.
                (C) Air carriers.
                (D) Airport operators.
                (E) Contractor service providers.
                (F) Aircraft manufacturers.
                (G) Wheelchair manufacturers.
                (H) National veterans organizations representing disabled
            veterans.
            (2) Appointment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall appoint
        each member of the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall be
        filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
        (d) Chairperson.--The Secretary of Transportation shall designate,
    from among the members appointed under subsection (c), an individual to
    serve as chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
        (e) Travel Expenses.--Members of the Advisory Committee shall serve
    without pay, but shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in
    lieu of subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of
    title 5, United States Code.
        (f) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 14 months after the date of
        establishment of the Advisory Committee, and annually thereafter,
        the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of
        Transportation a report on the needs of passengers with
        disabilities in air travel, including--
                (A) an assessment of existing disability-related access
            barriers, and any emerging disability-related access barriers
            that will likely be an issue in the next 5 calendar years;
                (B) an evaluation of the extent to which the Department of
            Transportation's programs and activities are eliminating
            disability-related access barriers;
                (C) a description of the Advisory Committee's actions;
                (D) a description of improvements related to the air travel
            experience of passengers with disabilities; and
                (E) any recommendations for legislation, administrative
            action, or other action that the Advisory Committee considers
            appropriate.
            (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the date
        the Secretary receives the report under paragraph (1), the
        Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
        copy of the report, including any additional findings or
        recommendations that the Secretary considers appropriate.
        (g) Termination.--The Advisory Committee established under this
    section shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
        (h) Termination of the Next Generation Air Transportation System
    Senior Policy Committee.--The Next Generation Air Transportation System
    Senior Policy Committee established by the Secretary of Transportation
    shall terminate on the date of the initial appointment of the members
    of the Advisory Committee.
        SEC. 440. REGULATIONS ENSURING ASSISTANCE FOR PASSENGERS WITH
          DISABILITIES IN AIR TRANSPORTATION.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations to
        ensure that passengers with disabilities who request assistance
        while traveling in air transportation receive dignified, timely,
        and effective assistance at airports and on aircraft from trained
        personnel; and
            (2) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations
        related to covered air carrier training programs for air carrier
        personnel, including contractors, who provide physical assistance
        to passengers with disabilities to ensure that training under such
        programs--
                (A) occurs on an annual schedule for all new and continuing
            personnel charged with providing physical assistance; and
                (B) includes, as appropriate, instruction by personnel,
            with hands-on training for employees who physically lift or
            otherwise physically assist passengers with disabilities,
            including the use of relevant equipment.
        (b) Types of Assistance.--The assistance referred to subsection
    (a)(1) may include requests for assistance in boarding or deplaning an
    aircraft, requests for assistance in connecting between flights, and
    other similar or related requests, as appropriate.
        SEC. 441. TRANSPARENCY FOR DISABLED PASSENGERS.
        The compliance date of the final rule, dated November 2, 2016, on
    the reporting of data for mishandled baggage and wheelchairs in
    aircraft cargo compartments (81 Fed. Reg. 76300) shall be effective not
    later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act.

                    Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

        SEC. 451. ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE AUTHORIZATION.
        (a) In General.--Section 41742(a)(2) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2011'' and
    all that follows before ``to carry out'' and inserting ``$155,000,000
    for fiscal year 2018, $158,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, $161,000,000
    for fiscal year 2020, $165,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, $168,000,000
    for fiscal year 2022, and $172,000,000 for fiscal year 2023''.
        (b) Seasonal Service.--The Secretary of Transportation may consider
    the flexibility of current operational dates and airport accessibility
    to meet local community needs when issuing requests for proposal of
    essential air service at seasonal airports.
        SEC. 452. STUDY ON ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE REFORM.
        (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United States
        shall conduct a study on the effects of section 6 of the Airport
        and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part IV (Public Law 112-27),
        section 421 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public
        Law 112-95), and other relevant Federal laws enacted after 2010,
        including the amendments made by those laws, on the Essential Air
        Service program.
            (2) Scope.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), the
        Comptroller General shall analyze, at a minimum--
                (A) the impact of each relevant Federal law, including the
            amendments made by each law, on the Essential Air Service
            program;
                (B) what actions communities and air carriers have taken to
            reduce ticket prices or increase enplanements as a result of
            each law;
                (C) the issuance of waivers by the Secretary under section
            41731(e) of title 49, United States Code;
                (D) whether budgetary savings resulted from each law; and
                (E) options for further reform of the Essential Air Service
            program.
        (b) Required Analysis on Communities.--In carrying out subsection
    (a)(2)(E) the Comptroller General shall include, for each option for
    further reform, an analysis of the impact on local economies of
    communities with airports receiving Essential Air Service funding,
    access to air travel for residents of rural communities and the impact
    to local businesses in such communities.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the study conducted
    under subsection (a).
        SEC. 453. AIR TRANSPORTATION TO NONELIGIBLE PLACES.
        (a) Definitions.--Section 41731(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``Wendell H. Ford Aviation
    Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century,'' and inserting ``FAA
    Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190),''.
        (b) Program Sunset.--Section 41736 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Sunset.--
            ``(1) Proposals.--No proposal under subsection (a) may be
        accepted by the Secretary after the date of enactment of this
        subsection.
            ``(2) Program.--The Secretary may not provide any compensation
        under this section after the date that is 2 years after the date of
        enactment of this subsection.''.
        SEC. 454. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF SERVICE AND OVERSIGHT OF
          UNSUBSIDIZED CARRIERS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation
    shall conduct and complete a review of orders issued by the Department
    of Transportation from 2005 through the date of enactment of this Act
    to determine whether the carriers providing unsubsidized service
    provided basic essential air service, and whether the Department
    conducted sufficient oversight of carriers providing unsubsidized
    service to ensure air service quality and community satisfaction.
        (b) Contents.--The review shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) a review of the Department's efforts to communicate to the
        community served by the unsubsidized carrier on any material air
        service changes; and
            (2) a review of the Department's efforts to closely monitor the
        quality of air service provided by the unsubsidized carrier and
        request proposals for basic essential air service if necessary.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date of completion of
    the review, the inspector general shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
        SEC. 455. SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE.
        (a) Eligibility.--Section 41743(c) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Size.--On the date of submission of the relevant
        application under subsection (b), the airport serving the community
        or consortium--
                ``(A) is not larger than a small hub airport, as determined
            using the Department of Transportation's most recently
            published classification; and
                ``(B) has--
                    ``(i) insufficient air carrier service; or
                    ``(ii) unreasonably high air fares.'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Overall limit.--
                ``(A) In general.--No more than 40 communities or consortia
            of communities, or a combination thereof, may be selected to
            participate in the program in each year for which funds are
            appropriated for the program.
                ``(B) Same projects.--Except as provided in subparagraph
            (C), no community, consortia of communities, or combination
            thereof may participate in the program in support of the same
            project more than once in a 10-year period, but any community,
            consortia of communities, or combination thereof may apply,
            subsequent to such participation, to participate in the program
            in support of a different project at any time.
                ``(C) Exception.--The Secretary may waive the limitation
            under subparagraph (B) related to projects that are the same if
            the Secretary determines that the community or consortium spent
            little or no money on its previous project or encountered
            industry or environmental challenges, due to circumstances that
            were reasonably beyond the control of the community or
            consortium.'';
            (3) in paragraph (5)--
                (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as
            subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                (B) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                ``(E) the assistance will be used to help restore scheduled
            passenger air service that has been terminated;''.
        (b) Authority to Make Agreements.--Section 41743(e)(1) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``The Secretary may amend the scope of a grant agreement at the request
    of the community or consortium and any participating air carrier, and
    may limit the scope of a grant agreement to only the elements using
    grant assistance or to only the elements achieved, if the Secretary
    determines that the amendment is reasonably consistent with the
    original purpose of the project.''
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 41743(e)(2) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to
        be appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each of fiscal
        years 2018 through 2023 to carry out this section. Such sums shall
        remain available until expended.''.
        SEC. 456. WAIVERS.
        Section 41732 is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Waivers.--Notwithstanding section 41733(e), upon request by
    an eligible place, the Secretary may waive, in whole or in part,
    subsections (a) and (b) of this section or subsections (a) through (c)
    of section 41734. A waiver issued under this subsection shall remain in
    effect for a limited period of time, as determined by the Secretary.''.
        SEC. 457. EXTENSION OF FINAL ORDER ESTABLISHING MILEAGE ADJUSTMENT
          ELIGIBILITY.
        Section 409(d) of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation
    Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) is amended by striking
    ``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
        SEC. 458. REDUCTION IN SUBSIDY-PER-PASSENGER.
        Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (126
    Stat. 98) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Reduction in Subsidy-per-passenger.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall waive application of the
        subsidy-per-passenger cap described under subsection (c) if the
        Secretary finds that the community's subsidy-per-passenger for a
        fiscal year is lower than the subsidy-per-passenger for any of the
        3 previous fiscal years.
            ``(2) Exception.--The Secretary shall waive application of the
        subsidy-per-passenger cap if the subsidy-per-passenger for a fiscal
        year is less than 10 percent higher than the highest subsidy-per-
        passenger from any of the 3 previous fiscal years. The Secretary
        may only waive application of the subsidy-per-passenger cap under
        this paragraph once per community.
            ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall
        be construed to limit the Secretary's ability under subsection (c)
        to waive application of the subsidy-per-passenger cap.''.

                             TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

        SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the
        Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (3) ADS-B.--The term ``ADS-B'' means automatic dependent
        surveillance-broadcast.
            (4) ADS-B out.--The term ``ADS-B Out'' means automatic
        dependent surveillance-broadcast with the ability to transmit
        information from the aircraft to ground stations and to other
        equipped aircraft.
            (5) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation
        Administration.
            (6) Nextgen.--The term ``NextGen'' means the Next Generation
        Air Transportation System.
        SEC. 502. REPORT ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL MODERNIZATION.
        (a) FAA Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the multiyear
    effort of the Administration to modernize the air transportation system
    (in this section referred to as the ``modernization effort''),
    including--
            (1) the number of years that the modernization effort has been
        underway as of the date of the report;
            (2) the total amount of money expended on the modernization
        effort as of the date of the report (including a description of how
        that amount was calculated);
            (3) the net present value of the benefits reported from
        aircraft operators resulting from the money expended on the
        modernization effort as of the date of the report;
            (4) a definition for NextGen, including a description of any
        changes to that definition that occurred between 2003 and the date
        of the report;
            (5) the net present value of the money expended on NextGen as
        of the date of the report if such money had been deposited into a
        Government trust fund instead of being expended on NextGen;
            (6) a description of the benefits promised and benefits
        delivered with respect to NextGen as of the date of the report;
            (7) any changes to the benefits promised with respect to
        NextGen between the date on which NextGen began and the date of the
        report;
            (8) a description of each program or project that comprises
        NextGen, including--
                (A) when the program or project was initiated;
                (B) the total budget for the program or project;
                (C) the initial budget for the program or project;
                (D) the acquisition program baseline for the program or
            project;
                (E) whether the program or project has ever breached the
            acquisition program baseline and, if so, a description of when,
            why, and how the breach was resolved;
                (F) whether the program or project has been re-baselined or
            divided into smaller segments and, if so, a description of
            when, why, and the impact to the cost of the program or
            project;
                (G) the initial schedule for the program or project;
                (H) whether the program or project was delayed and, if so,
            a description of how long, why, and the impact to the cost of
            the program or project;
                (I) whether the Administration changed any contract term or
            deliverable for the program or project and, if so, a
            description of the change, why it happened, and the impact to
            the cost of the program or project;
                (J) benefits promised with respect to the program or
            project at initiation;
                (K) benefits delivered with respect to the program or
            project as of the date of the report;
                (L) whether the program or project was cancelled and, if
            so, a description of why and when;
                (M) for cancelled programs or projects, whether there were
            any costs associated with the decision to cancel and, if so, a
            description of the amount of the costs (including for both the
            Administration and the private sector);
                (N) the metrics, milestones, and deadlines set for the
            program or project and how the Administration tracked and
            ensured compliance with those metrics, milestones, and
            deadlines;
                (O) how the Administration conducted oversight of the
            program or project and any related stakeholder collaboration
            efforts;
                (P) the status of the program or project as of the date of
            the report; and
                (Q) an assessment of the key risks to the full
            implementation of the program and a description of how the
            Administration is mitigating, or plans to mitigate, those
            risks;
            (9) the date upon which, or milestone by which, the
        Administration anticipates NextGen will be complete; and
            (10) any lessons learned during the NextGen effort, and
        whether, how, and to what effect those lessons have been applied.
        (b) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 270 days after the
    date on which the report required under subsection (a) is submitted,
    the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall review
    the report and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    statement of the inspector general that--
            (1) determines the accuracy of the information reported;
            (2) describes any concerns with the accuracy of the information
        reported;
            (3) summarizes concerns raised by the inspector general, the
        Government Accountability Office, and other sources with respect to
        the Administration's implementation and oversight of NextGen since
        the date on which NextGen began;
            (4) describes--
                (A) any pertinent recommendations made by the inspector
            general related to the Administration's implementation and
            oversight of NextGen since the date on which NextGen began; and
                (B) whether and how the Administration addressed the
            recommendations; and
            (5) provides any other information that the inspector general
        determines is appropriate.
        SEC. 503. RETURN ON INVESTMENT REPORT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that each NextGen
    program has a positive return on investment, the Administrator shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status
    of each NextGen program, including the most recent NextGen priority
    list under subsection (c).
        (b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall include, for
    each NextGen program--
            (1) an estimate of the date the program will have a positive
        return on investment;
            (2) an explanation for any delay in the delivery of expected
        benefits from previously published estimates on delivery of such
        benefits, in implementing or utilizing the program;
            (3) an estimate of the completion date;
            (4) an assessment of the long-term and near-term user benefits
        of the program for--
                (A) the Federal Government; and
                (B) the users of the national airspace system; and
            (5) a description of how the program directly contributes to a
        safer and more efficient air traffic control system.
        (c) NextGen Priority List.--Based on the assessment under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) develop, in coordination with the NextGen Advisory
        Committee and considering the need for a balance between long-term
        and near-term user benefits, a prioritization of the NextGen
        programs;
            (2) annually update the priority list under paragraph (1); and
            (3) prepare budget submissions to reflect the current status of
        NextGen programs and projected returns on investment for each
        NextGen program.
        (d) Definition of Return on Investment.--In this section, the term
    ``return on investment'' means the cost associated with technologies
    that are required by law or policy as compared to the financial
    benefits derived from such technologies by a government or a user of
    airspace.
        (e) Repeal of NextGen Priorities.--Section 202 of the FAA
    Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-95; 49 U.S.C.
    40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the table of
    contents under section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.
        SEC. 504. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLANS.
        (a) Air Traffic Control Operational Contingency Plans.--Not later
    than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator
    shall review the Administration's air traffic control operational
    contingency plans (FAA Order JO 1900.47E), and, as the Administrator
    considers appropriate, update such plans, to address potential air
    traffic facility outages that could have a major impact on the
    operation of the national airspace system, including the most recent
    findings and recommendations in the report under subsection (c).
        (b) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the air traffic
    control operational contingency plans are reviewed under subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on the review, including any recommendations for
    ensuring air traffic facility outages do not have a major impact on the
    operation of the national airspace system.
        (c) Resiliency Recommendations.--Not later than 180 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter as the
    Administrator considers appropriate, the Administrator shall convene
    NextGen program officials to evaluate, expedite, and complete a report
    on how planned NextGen capabilities can enhance the resiliency and
    continuity of national airspace system operations and mitigate the
    impact of future air traffic control disruptions.
        SEC. 505. 2020 ADS-B OUT MANDATE PLAN.
        The Administrator, in collaboration with the NextGen Advisory
    Committee, shall--
            (1) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this
        Act--
                (A) identify any known and potential barriers to compliance
            with the 2020 ADS-B Out mandate under section 91.225 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                (B) develop a plan to address the known barriers identified
            in paragraph (1), including a schedule for--
                    (i) periodically reevaluating the potential barriers
                identified in paragraph (1); and
                    (ii) developing solutions and implementing actions to
                address the known and potential barriers; and
                (C) submit the plan to the appropriate committees of
            Congress; and
            (2) not later than 90 days after the date the plan is submitted
        under paragraph (1), submit to the appropriate committees of
        Congress a report on the progress made toward meeting the 2020 ADS-
        B Out mandate.
        SEC. 506. SECURING AIRCRAFT AVIONICS SYSTEMS.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall consider, where
    appropriate, revising Federal Aviation Administration regulations
    regarding airworthiness certification--
            (1) to address cybersecurity for avionics systems, including
        software components; and
            (2) to require that aircraft avionics systems used for flight
        guidance or aircraft control be secured against unauthorized access
        via passenger in-flight entertainment systems through such means as
        the Administrator determines appropriate to protect the avionics
        systems from unauthorized external and internal access.
        (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall consider the recommendations of the Aircraft
    Systems Information Security Protection Working Group under section
    2111 of the FAA Extension Safety and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law
    114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
        SEC. 507. HUMAN FACTORS.
        (a) In General.--In order to avoid having to subsequently modify
    products and services developed as a part of NextGen, the Administrator
    shall--
            (1) recognize and incorporate, in early design phases of all
        relevant NextGen programs, the human factors and procedural and
        airspace implications of stated goals and associated technical
        changes; and
            (2) ensure that a human factors specialist, separate from the
        research and certification groups, is directly involved with the
        NextGen approval process.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report on the progress made toward implementing the
    requirements under subsection (a).
        SEC. 508. PROGRAMMATIC RISK MANAGEMENT.
        To better inform the Administration's decisions regarding the
    prioritization of efforts and allocation of resources for NextGen, the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) solicit input from specialists in probability and
        statistics to identify and prioritize the programmatic and
        implementation risks to NextGen; and
            (2) develop a method to manage and mitigate the risks
        identified in paragraph (1).
        SEC. 509. REVIEW OF FAA STRATEGIC CYBERSECURITY PLAN.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the
    comprehensive and strategic framework of principles and policies
    (referred to in this section as the ``framework'') developed pursuant
    to section 2111 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016
    (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).
        (b) Contents.--In undertaking the review under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) assess the degree to which the framework identifies and
        addresses known cybersecurity risks associated with the aviation
        system;
            (2) review existing short- and long-term objectives for
        addressing cybersecurity risks to the national airspace system; and
            (3) assess the Administration's level of engagement and
        coordination with aviation stakeholders and other appropriate
        agencies, organizations, or groups with which the Administration
        consults to carry out the framework.
        (c) Updates.--Upon completion of the review under subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall modify the framework, as appropriate, to
    address any deficiencies identified by the review.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating
    the review required by subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit
    to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of
    the review, including a description of any modifications made to the
    framework.
        SEC. 510. CONSOLIDATION AND REALIGNMENT OF FAA SERVICES AND
          FACILITIES.
        (a) Purpose and Input.--Section 804(a) of the FAA Modernization and
    Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``The purpose of the report
        shall be--'' and all that follows through ``(B) to reduce'' and
        inserting ``The purpose of the report shall be to reduce''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Input.--The report shall be prepared by the Administrator
        (or the Administrator's designee) with the participation of--
                ``(A) representatives of labor organizations representing
            air traffic control system employees of the FAA; and
                ``(B) industry stakeholders.''.
        (b) Military Operations Exclusion.--Section 804 of the FAA
    Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is
    amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Military Operations Exclusion.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may not realign or
        consolidate a combined TRACON and tower with radar facility of the
        FAA under this section if, in 2015, the total annual military
        operations at the facility comprised at least 40 percent of the
        total annual TRACON operations at the facility.
            ``(2) TRACON defined.--In this subsection, the term `TRACON'
        means terminal radar approach control.''.
        SEC. 511. FAA REVIEW AND REFORM.
        (a) Agency Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a detailed analysis of any actions
    taken to address the findings and recommendations included in the
    report required under section 812(d) of the FAA Modernization and
    Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 106 note), including--
            (1) consolidating, phasing-out, or eliminating duplicative
        positions, programs, roles, or offices;
            (2) eliminating or streamlining wasteful practices;
            (3) eliminating or phasing-out redundant, obsolete, or
        unnecessary functions;
            (4) reforming and streamlining inefficient processes so that
        the activities of the Administration are completed in an expedited
        and efficient manner; and
            (5) reforming or eliminating ineffectual or outdated policies.
        (b) Additional Review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall undertake and complete a
    thorough review of each program, office, and organization within the
    Administration to identify--
            (1) duplicative positions, programs, roles, or offices;
            (2) wasteful practices;
            (3) redundant, obsolete, or unnecessary functions;
            (4) inefficient processes; and
            (5) ineffectual or outdated policies.
        (c) Actions To Streamline and Reform FAA.--Not later than 60 days
    after the date of completion of the review under subsection (b), the
    Administrator shall undertake such actions as may be necessary to
    address the findings of the Administrator under such subsection.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    completion of the review under subsection (b), the Administrator shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the
    actions taken by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c),
    including any recommendations for legislative or administrative
    actions.
        SEC. 512. AIR SHOWS.
        On an annual basis, the Administrator shall work with
    representatives of Administration-approved air shows, the general
    aviation community, and stadiums and other large outdoor events and
    venues to identify and resolve, to the maximum extent practicable,
    scheduling conflicts between Administration-approved air shows and
    large outdoor events and venues where--
            (1) flight restrictions will be imposed pursuant to section 521
        of title V of division F of Public Law 108-199 (118 Stat. 343); or
            (2) any other restriction will be imposed pursuant to Federal
        Aviation Administration Flight Data Center Notice to Airmen 4/3621
        (or any successor notice to airmen).
        SEC. 513. PART 91 REVIEW, REFORM, AND STREAMLINING.
        (a) Establishment of Task Force.--Not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a task
    force comprised of representatives of the general aviation industry who
    regularly perform part 91 operations, labor unions (including those
    representing FAA aviation safety inspectors and FAA aviation safety
    engineers), manufacturers, and the Government to--
            (1) conduct an assessment of the FAA oversight and
        authorization processes and requirements for aircraft under part
        91; and
            (2) make recommendations to streamline the applicable
        authorization and approval processes, improve safety, and reduce
        regulatory cost burdens and delays for the FAA and aircraft owners
        and operators who operate pursuant to part 91.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the assessment and making
    recommendations under subsection (a), the task force shall consider--
            (1) process reforms and improvements to allow the FAA to review
        and approve applications in a fair and timely fashion;
            (2) the appropriateness of requiring an authorization for each
        experimental aircraft rather than using a broader all-makes-and-
        models approach;
            (3) ways to improve the timely response to letters of
        authorization applications for aircraft owners and operators who
        operate pursuant to part 91, including setting deadlines and
        granting temporary or automatic authorizations if deadlines are
        missed by the FAA;
            (4) methods for enhancing the effective use of delegation
        systems;
            (5) methods for training the FAA's field office employees in
        risk-based and safety management system oversight; and
            (6) such other matters related to streamlining part 91
        authorization and approval processes as the task force considers
        appropriate.
        (c) Report to Congress.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the
        task force's assessment.
            (2) Contents.--The report shall include an explanation of how
        the Administrator will--
                (A) implement the recommendations of the task force;
                (B) measure progress in implementing the recommendations;
            and
                (C) measure the effectiveness of the implemented
            recommendations.
        (d) Implementation of Recommendations.--Not later than 18 months
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
    implement the recommendations made under this section.
        (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``part 91'' means part
    91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the task
    force.
        (g) Sunset.--The task force shall terminate on the day the
    Administrator submits the report required under subsection (c).
        SEC. 514. AIRCRAFT LEASING.
        Section 44112(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``on land or water''; and
            (2) by inserting ``operational'' before ``control''.
        SEC. 515. PILOTS SHARING FLIGHT EXPENSES WITH PASSENGERS.
        (a) Guidance.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make publicly
        available, in a clear and concise format, advisory guidance that
        describes how a pilot may share flight expenses with passengers in
        a manner consistent with Federal law, including regulations.
            (2) Examples included.--The guidance shall include examples
        of--
                (A) flights for which pilots and passengers may share
            expenses;
                (B) flights for which pilots and passengers may not share
            expenses;
                (C) the methods of communication that pilots and passengers
            may use to arrange flights for which expenses are shared; and
                (D) the methods of communication that pilots and passengers
            may not use to arrange flights for which expenses are shared.
        (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on
        which guidance is made publicly available under subsection (a), the
        Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
        appropriate committees of Congress a report analyzing Federal
        policy with respect to pilots sharing flight expenses with
        passengers.
            (2) Evaluations included.--The report submitted under paragraph
        (1) shall include an evaluation of--
                (A) the rationale for such Federal policy;
                (B) safety and other concerns related to pilots sharing
            flight expenses with passengers; and
                (C) benefits related to pilots sharing flight expenses with
            passengers.
        SEC. 516. TERMINAL AERODROME FORECAST.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall permit a covered air
    carrier to operate to or from a location in a noncontiguous State
    without a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast or Meteorological Aerodrome
    Report if--
            (1) such location is determined to be under visual
        meteorological conditions;
            (2) a current Area Forecast, supplemented by other local
        weather observations or reports, is available; and
            (3) an alternate airport that has an available Terminal
        Aerodrome Forecast and weather report is specified.
        (b) Procedures.--A covered air carrier shall--
            (1) have approved procedures for dispatch or release and
        enroute weather evaluation; and
            (2) operate under instrument flight rules enroute to the
        destination.
        (c) Limitation.--Without a written finding of necessity, based on
    objective and historical evidence of imminent threat to safety, the
    Administrator shall not promulgate any operation specification, policy,
    or guidance document pursuant to this section that is more restrictive
    than, or requires procedures that are not expressly stated in, the
    regulations.
        (d) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``covered air carrier'' means an air carrier operating in a
    noncontiguous State under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations.
        SEC. 517. PUBLIC AIRCRAFT ELIGIBLE FOR LOGGING FLIGHT TIMES.
        The Administrator shall issue regulations modifying section
    61.51(j)(4) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, so as to include
    aircraft under the direct operational control of forestry and fire
    protection agencies as public aircraft eligible for logging flight
    times.
        SEC. 518. AIRCRAFT REGISTRY OFFICE.
        The Administrator shall designate employees at the Aircraft
    Registry Office in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, as excepted employees in
    the event of a shutdown or emergency furlough to ensure that the office
    remains open for the duration of the lapse in Federal Government
    appropriations to the Federal Aviation Administration.
        SEC. 519. FAA DATA TRANSPARENCY.
        Section 45303 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(g) Data Transparency.--
            ``(1) Air traffic services initial data report.--
                ``(A) Initial report.--Not later than 6 months after the
            date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the
            Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer of the Air
            Traffic Organization shall, based upon the most recently
            available full fiscal year data, complete the following
            calculations for each segment of air traffic services users:
                    ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use of air
                traffic services for that segment during such fiscal year.
                    ``(ii) The total revenues received from that segment
                during such fiscal year.
                ``(B) Validation of model.--
                    ``(i) Review and determination.--Not later than 3
                months after completion of the initial report required
                under subparagraph (A), the inspector general of the
                Department of Transportation shall review and determine the
                validity of the model used by the Administrator and the
                Chief Operating Officer to complete the calculations
                required under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(ii) Validation process.--In the event that the
                inspector general determines that the model used by the
                Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer to complete
                the calculations required by subparagraph (A) is not
                valid--

                        ``(I) the inspector general shall provide the
                    Administrator and Chief Operating Officer
                    recommendations on how to revise the model;
                        ``(II) the Administrator and the Chief Operating
                    Officer shall complete the calculations required by
                    subparagraph (A) utilizing the revised model and
                    resubmit the revised initial report required under
                    subparagraph (A) to the inspector general; and
                        ``(III) not later than 3 months after completion of
                    the revised initial report required under subparagraph
                    (A), the inspector general shall review and determine
                    the validity of the revised model used by the
                    Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer to
                    complete the calculations required by subparagraph (A).

                    ``(iii) Access to data.--The Administrator and the
                Chief Operating Officer shall provide the inspector general
                of the Department of Transportation with unfettered access
                to all data produced by the cost accounting system operated
                and maintained pursuant to subsection (e).
                ``(C) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after
            completion of the review and receiving a determination that the
            model used is valid under subparagraph (B), the Administrator
            and the Chief Operating Officer shall submit to the Committee
            on Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on
            Appropriations, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the
            House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Appropriations,
            and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report describing
            the results of the calculations completed under subparagraph
            (A).
                ``(D) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after submission
            of the report required under subparagraph (C), the
            Administrator and Chief Operating Officer shall publish the
            initial report, including any revision thereto if required as a
            result of the validation process for the model.
            ``(2) Air traffic services biennial data reporting.--
                ``(A) Biennial data reporting.--Not later than March 31,
            2019, and biennially thereafter for 8 years, the Administrator
            and the Chief Operating Officer shall, using the validated
            model, complete the following calculations for each segment of
            air traffic services users for the most recent full fiscal
            year:
                    ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use of the air
                traffic services for that segment.
                    ``(ii) The total revenues received from that segment.
                ``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 15 days after
            completing the calculations under subparagraph (A), the
            Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer shall complete
            and submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure, the Committee on Appropriations, and the
            Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives,
            and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the
            Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Finance of
            the Senate a report containing the results of such
            calculations.
                ``(C) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after completing
            the calculations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the
            Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer shall publish the
            results of such calculations.
            ``(3) Segments of air traffic services users.--
                ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, each of
            the following shall constitute a separate segment of air
            traffic services users:
                    ``(i) Passenger air carriers conducting operations
                under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                    ``(ii) All-cargo air carriers conducting operations
                under part 121 of such title.
                    ``(iii) Operators covered by part 125 of such title.
                    ``(iv) Air carriers and operators of piston-engine
                aircraft operating under part 135 of such title.
                    ``(v) Air carriers and operators of turbine-engine
                aircraft operating under part 135 of such title.
                    ``(vi) Foreign air carriers providing passenger air
                transportation.
                    ``(vii) Foreign air carriers providing all-cargo air
                transportation.
                    ``(viii) Operators of turbine-engine aircraft operating
                under part 91 of such title, excluding those operating
                under subpart (K) of such part.
                    ``(ix) Operators of piston-engine aircraft operating
                under part 91 of such title, excluding those operating
                under subpart (K) of such part.
                    ``(x) Operators covered by subpart (K) of part 91 of
                such title.
                    ``(xi) Operators covered by part 133 of such title.
                    ``(xii) Operators covered by part 136 of such title.
                    ``(xiii) Operators covered by part 137 of such title.
                    ``(xiv) Operators of public aircraft that qualify under
                section 40125.
                    ``(xv) Operators of aircraft that neither take off
                from, nor land in, the United States.
                ``(B) Additional segments.--The Secretary may identify and
            include additional segments of air traffic users under
            subparagraph (A) as revenue and air traffic services cost data
            become available for that additional segment of air traffic
            services users.
            ``(4) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
                ``(A) Air traffic services.--The term `air traffic
            services' means services--
                    ``(i) used for the monitoring, directing, control, and
                guidance of aircraft or flows of aircraft and for the safe
                conduct of flight, including communications, navigation,
                and surveillance services and provision of aeronautical
                information; and
                    ``(ii) provided directly, or contracted for, by the
                Federal Aviation Administration.
                ``(B) Air traffic services user.--The term `air traffic
            services user' means any individual or entity using air traffic
            services provided directly, or contracted for, by the Federal
            Aviation Administration within United States airspace or
            international airspace delegated to the United States.''.
        SEC. 520. INTRA-AGENCY COORDINATION.
        Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall implement a policy that--
            (1) designates the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space
        Transportation as the primary liaison between the commercial space
        transportation industry and the Administration;
            (2) recognizes the necessity of, and set forth processes for,
        launch license and permit holder coordination with the Air Traffic
        Organization on matters including--
                (A) the use of air navigation facilities;
                (B) airspace safety; and
                (C) planning of commercial space launch and launch support
            activities;
            (3) designates a single point of contact within the Air Traffic
        Organization who is responsible for--
                (A) maintaining letters of agreement between a launch
            license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation Administration
            facility;
                (B) making such letters of agreement available to the
            Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation;
                (C) ensuring that a facility that has entered into such a
            letter of agreement is aware of and fulfills its
            responsibilities under the letter; and
                (D) liaising between the Air Traffic Organization and the
            Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation on
            any matter relating to such a letter of agreement; and
            (4) requires the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space
        Transportation to facilitate, upon the request of a launch license
        or permit holder--
                (A) coordination between a launch license and permit holder
            and the Air Traffic Organization; and
                (B) the negotiation of letters of agreement between a
            launch license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation
            Administration facility or the Air Traffic Organization.
        SEC. 521. ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FRANCHISE FUND.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
    of this section, the inspector general of the Department of
    Transportation shall initiate an audit of the Administrative Services
    Franchise Fund of the FAA (in this section referred to as the
    ``Franchise Fund'').
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the audit pursuant to subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall--
            (1) review the history, intended purpose, and objectives of the
        Franchise Fund;
            (2) describe and assess each program, service, or activity that
        uses the Franchise Fund, including--
                (A) the agencies or government bodies that use each
            program, service, or activity;
                (B) the number of employees, including full-time
            equivalents and contractors, associated with each program,
            service, or activity;
                (C) the costs associated with the employees described in
            subparagraph (B) and the extent to which such costs are covered
            by Federal appropriations or Franchise Fund revenue;
                (D) the revenue, expenses, and profits or losses associated
            with each program, service, or activity;
                (E) overhead rates associated with each program, service,
            or activity; and
                (F) a breakdown of the revenue collected from services
            provided to the FAA, Department of Transportation, other
            Federal entities, and non-Federal entities;
            (3) assess the FAA's governance and oversight of the Franchise
        Fund and the programs, service, and activities that use the
        Franchise Fund, including the use of internal and publicly
        available performance metrics;
            (4) evaluate the current and historical unobligated and
        unexpended balances of the Franchise Fund; and
            (5) assess the degree to which FAA policies and controls
        associated with the Franchise Fund conform with generally accepted
        accounting principles, Federal policies, best practices, or other
        guidance relating to revolving funds.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation
    of the audit described in subsection (a), the inspector general shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the
    results of the audit, including findings and recommendations.
        SEC. 522. AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.
        (a) Repeal.--Subsection (b) of section 211 of the FAA Modernization
    and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is repealed.
        (b) Requirement.--The Administrator shall ensure that any
    regulation issued pursuant to such subsection has no force or effect.
        SEC. 523. CONTRACT WEATHER OBSERVERS.
        Section 2306(b) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of
    2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 641) is amended by striking
    ``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
        SEC. 524. REGIONS AND CENTERS.
        (a) In General.--Section 44507 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Regions and
        centers'';
            (2) by striking ``The Civil Aeromedical Institute'' and
        inserting the following:
        ``(a) Civil Aeromedical Institute.--The Civil Aeromedical
    Institute''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) William J. Hughes Technical Center.--The Secretary of
    Transportation shall define the roles and responsibilities of the
    William J. Hughes Technical Center in a manner that is consistent with
    the defined roles and responsibilities of the Civil Aeromedical
    Institute under subsection (a).''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 445 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    44507 and inserting the following:

    ``44507. Regions and centers.''.
        SEC. 525. GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS.
        The Administrator, to the extent practicable, shall encourage the
    use of durable, resilient, and sustainable materials and practices,
    including the use of geosynthetic materials and other innovative
    technologies, in carrying out the activities of the Federal Aviation
    Administration.
        SEC. 526. NATIONAL AIRMAIL MUSEUM.
        (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) in 1930, commercial airmail carriers began operations at
        Smith Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana;
            (2) the United States lacks a national museum dedicated to
        airmail; and
            (3) the airmail hangar at Smith Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana--
                (A) will educate the public on the role of airmail in
            aviation history; and
                (B) honor the role of the hangar in the history of the
            Nation's airmail service.
        (b) Designation.--
            (1) In general.--The airmail museum located at the Smith Field
        in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is designated as the ``National Airmail
        Museum''.
            (2) Effect of designation.--The national museum designated by
        this section is not a unit of the National Park System and the
        designation of the National Airmail Museum shall not require or
        permit Federal funds to be expended for any purpose related to that
        national memorial.
        SEC. 527. STATUS OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN FAA AND LITTLE ROCK PORT
          AUTHORITY.
        (a) Briefing Requirement.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a briefing on the agreement between
    the FAA and the Little Rock Port Authority to relocate the Little Rock
    Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range with Collocated Tactical Air
    Control and Navigation (LIT VORTAC).
        (b) Briefing Contents.--The briefing required under subsection (a)
    shall include the following:
            (1) The status of the efforts by the Federal Aviation
        Administration to relocate the LIT VORTAC.
            (2) The long-term and short-term budget projections for the
        relocation project.
            (3) A description of and timeline for each phase of the
        relocation project.
            (4) A description of and explanation for the required location
        radius.
            (5) A description of work completed by the Federal Aviation
        Administration as of the date of the briefing.
        SEC. 528. BRIEFING ON AIRCRAFT DIVERSIONS FROM LOS ANGELES
          INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO HAWTHORNE MUNICIPAL AIRPORT.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall provide a briefing to appropriate committees of
    Congress on diversions of aircraft from Los Angeles International
    Airport to Hawthorne Municipal Airport, also known as Jack Northrop
    Field, in the City of Hawthorne, California. This briefing shall cover
    at least the previous one-year period and include the total number of
    aircraft diversions, the average number of diversions per day, the
    types of aircraft diverted, and the reasons for the diversions.
        SEC. 529. TFR REPORT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act (except as described in subsection (d)), the Administrator
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    containing the results of the study described in subsection (b).
        (b) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall make recommendations
    based on--
            (1) an analysis of--
                (A) the economic effects of temporary flight restrictions,
            particularly temporary flight restrictions issued pursuant to
            section 91.141 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, on
            airports or aviation-related businesses located or based in an
            area covered by the temporary flight restriction; and
                (B) potential options and recommendations for mitigating
            identified negative economic effects on airports or aviation-
            related businesses located or based in an area frequently
            covered by a temporary flight restriction; and
            (2) an analysis of the potential for using security procedures
        similar to those described in the Maryland Three Program (allowing
        properly vetted private pilots to fly to, from, or between the
        three general aviation airports closest to the National Capital
        Region) during temporary flight restrictions in the following
        airports:
                (A) Solberg Airport.
                (B) Somerset Airport.
                (C) Palm Beach County Park Airport (also known as Lantana
            Airport).
        (c) Collaboration.--In making the recommendations described in
    subsection (b), the Administrator shall consult with--
            (1) industry stakeholders; and
            (2) the head of any other agency that, in the Administrator's
        determination, is a stakeholder agency.
        (d) Special Deadline.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of
    the portion of the study described in subsection (b)(1)(A).
        SEC. 530. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AT AVIATION EVENTS.
        (a) Requirement to Provide Services and Related Support.--The
    Administrator shall provide air traffic services and aviation safety
    support for large, multiday aviation events, including airshows and
    fly-ins, where the average daily number of manned operations were 1,000
    or greater in at least one of the preceding two years, without the
    imposition or collection of any fee, tax, or other charge for that
    purpose. Amounts for the provision of such services and support shall
    be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise available for the
    Administration.
        (b) Determination of Services and Support to Be Provided.--In
    determining the services and support to be provided for an aviation
    event for purposes of subsection (a), the Administrator shall take into
    account the following:
            (1) The services and support required to meet levels of
        activity at prior events, if any, similar to the event.
            (2) The anticipated need for services and support at the event.
        SEC. 531. APPLICATION OF VETERANS' PREFERENCE TO FEDERAL AVIATION
          ADMINISTRATION PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
        Section 40122(g)(2)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) by inserting ``3304(f), to the extent consistent with the
        Federal Aviation Administration's status as an excepted service
        agency,'' before ``3308-3320''; and
            (2) by inserting ``3330a, 3330b, 3330c, and 3330d,'' before
        ``relating''.
        SEC. 532. CLARIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVING HISTORY FLIGHTS.
        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other law or regulation, in
    administering sections 61.113(c), 91.9, 91.315, 91.319(a)(1),
    91.319(a)(2), 119.5(g), and 119.21(a) of title 14, Code of Federal
    Regulations (or any successor regulations), the Administrator shall
    allow an aircraft owner or operator to accept monetary or in-kind
    donations for a flight operated by a living history flight experience
    provider, if the aircraft owner or operator has--
            (1) volunteered to provide such transportation; and
            (2) notified any individual that will be on the flight, at the
        time of inquiry about the flight, that the flight operation is for
        charitable purposes and is not subject to the same requirements as
        a commercial flight.
        (b) Conditions To Ensure Public Safety.--The Administrator,
    consistent with current standards of the Administration for such
    operations, shall impose minimum standards with respect to training and
    flight hours for operations conducted by an owner or operator of an
    aircraft providing living history flight experience operations,
    including mandating that the pilot in command of such aircraft hold a
    commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating and be current and
    qualified with respect to all ratings or authorizations applicable to
    the specific aircraft being flown to ensure the safety of flight
    operations described in subsection (a).
        (c) Living History Flight Experience Provider Defined.--In this
    section, the term ``living history flight experience provider'' means
    an aircraft owner, aircraft operator, or organization that provides,
    arranges, or otherwise fosters living history flight experiences for
    the purpose of fulfilling its mission.
        SEC. 533. REVIEW AND REFORM OF FAA PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
        (a) Establishment of Advisory Panel.--Not later than 90 days after
    the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation
    shall establish an advisory panel comprising no more than 7
    independent, nongovernmental experts in budget, finance, or personnel
    management to review and evaluate the effectiveness of the FAA's
    personnel management system and performance management program for
    employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements.
        (b) Review, Evaluation, and Recommendations.--The advisory panel
    shall, at a minimum--
            (1) review all appropriate FAA orders, policies, procedures,
        guidance, and the Human Resources Policy Manual;
            (2) review any applicable reports regarding FAA's personnel
        management system, including reports of the Department of
        Transportation Office of Inspector General, Government
        Accountability Office, and National Academy of Public
        Administration, and determine the status of recommendations made in
        those reports;
            (3) review the personnel management system of any other agency
        or governmental entity with a similar system to the FAA for best
        practices with regard to personnel management;
            (4) assess the unique personnel authorities granted to the FAA,
        determine whether the FAA has taken full advantage of those
        authorities, and identify those authorities the FAA has not fully
        taken advantage of;
            (5) review and determine the overall effectiveness of the FAA's
        compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and evaluation
        processes for employees not covered by collective bargaining
        agreements;
            (6) review whether existing performance metrics and bonus pay
        practices align with the FAA's mission and significantly improve
        the FAA's provision of air traffic services, implementation of air
        traffic control modernization initiatives, and accomplishment of
        other FAA operational objectives;
            (7) identify the highest, lowest, and average complete
        compensation for each position of employees not covered by
        collective bargaining agreements;
            (8) survey interested parties and stakeholders, including
        representatives of the aviation industry, for their views and
        recommendations regarding improvements to the FAA's personnel
        management system and performance management program;
            (9) develop recommendations to address the findings of the work
        done pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (7), and to address views
        and recommendations raised by interested parties pursuant to
        paragraph (8); and
            (10) develop recommendations to improve the FAA's personnel
        management system and performance management program, including the
        compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and evaluation
        processes, for employees not covered by collective bargaining
        agreements.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating the review and
    evaluation pursuant to subsection (a), the advisory panel shall submit
    a report on the results of the review and evaluation and its
    recommendations to the Secretary, the Administrator, the appropriate
    committees of Congress.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 months after submittal of
    the report pursuant to subsection (c), the Administrator shall transmit
    to the appropriate committees of Congress a report summarizing the
    findings of the advisory panel that--
            (1) contains an explanation of how the Administrator will
        implement the recommendations of the advisory panel and measure the
        effectiveness of the recommendations; and
            (2) specifies any recommendations that the Administrator will
        not implement and the reasons for not implementing such
        recommendations.
        (e) Sunset.--The advisory panel shall terminate on the date that is
    60 days after the transmittal of the report pursuant to subsection (d).
        SEC. 534. NEXTGEN DELIVERY STUDY.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this
    Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall
    initiate a study of the potential impacts of a significantly delayed,
    significantly diminished, or completely failed delivery of the Next
    Generation Air Transportation System modernization initiative by the
    Federal Aviation Administration, including impacts to the air traffic
    control system and the national airspace system as a whole.
        (b) Scope of Study.--In carrying out the study under subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall assess the Administration's
    performance related to the NextGen modernization initiative,
    including--
            (1) the potential impacts on the operational efficiency of our
        aviation system;
            (2) an analysis of potential economic losses and stranded
        investments directly related to NextGen;
            (3) an analysis of the potential impacts to our international
        competitiveness in aviation innovation;
            (4) an analysis of the main differences that would be seen in
        our air traffic control system;
            (5) the potential impacts on the flying public, including
        potential impacts to flight times, fares, and delays in the air and
        on the ground;
            (6) the effects on supply chains reliant on air transportation
        of cargo;
            (7) the potential impacts on the long-term benefits promised by
        NextGen;
            (8) an analysis of the potential impacts on aircraft noise and
        flight paths;
            (9) the potential changes in separation standards, fuel
        consumption, flight paths, block times, and landing procedures or
        lack thereof;
            (10) the potential impacts on aircraft taxi times and aircraft
        emissions or lack thereof;
            (11) a determination of the total potential costs and
        logistical challenges of the failure of NextGen, including a
        comparison of the potential loss of the return on public and
        private sector investment related to NextGen, as compared to other
        available investment alternatives, between December 12, 2003, and
        the date of enactment of this Act; and
            (12) other matters arising in the course of the study.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of
    the study under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to
    the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the
    study.
        SEC. 535. STUDY ON ALLERGIC REACTIONS.
        Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall--
            (1) study the prevalence of allergic reactions on board
        flights, whether airlines universally report reactions to the
        Federal Aviation Administration, and the frequency of first aid
        inventory checks to ensure medicine to prevent anaphylactic shock
        is in an aircraft; and
            (2) submit a report to the Committees on Transportation and
        Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Appropriations of the
        House of Representatives and the Committees on Commerce, Science,
        and Transportation, Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and
        Appropriations of the Senate.
        SEC. 536. OXYGEN MASK DESIGN STUDY.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall conduct a study to review and evaluate the
    design and effectiveness of commercial aircraft oxygen masks. In
    conducting the study, the Administrator shall determine whether the
    current design of oxygen masks is adequate, and whether changes to the
    design could increase correct passenger usage of the masks.
        SEC. 537. AIR CARGO STUDY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall begin a study of international air cargo services among the
    United States and Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin
    countries, that--
            (1) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo
        transportation services among the United States and Central
        American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries;
            (2) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo
        transportation services between--
                (A) the United States, Central American, South American,
            and Caribbean Basin countries; and
                (B) African and European countries;
            (3) identifies the busiest routes in terms of cargo capacity
        and frequency of air service;
            (4) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs in
        Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries at
        which a significant amount of air cargo is sorted, handled, or
        consolidated for transportation to or from the United States;
            (5) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs in
        the United States at which a significant amount of air cargo is
        sorted, handled, or consolidated for transportation to or from
        Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries.
            (6) identifies any significant gaps in the air cargo services
        or cargo air carrier networks--
                (A) among the countries described in paragraph (2)(A);
                (B) between such countries and African countries; and
                (C) between such countries and European countries; and
            (7) assesses the possible impact of the establishment of an air
        carrier hub in Puerto Rico at which air cargo is sorted, handled,
        or consolidated for transportation to or from the United States,
        including the impact on--
                (A) the employment rate and economy of Puerto Rico;
                (B) domestic and foreign air transportation of cargo;
                (C) United States competitiveness in the air transportation
            of cargo;
                (D) air cargo operations at other airports in the United
            States; and
                (E) domestic air carrier employment.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the study described
    in subsection (a).
        (c) Definition.--In this section, the term ``Caribbean Basin
    countries'' has the same meaning given the term ``Caribbean Basin
    country'' in section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737).
        SEC. 538. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PREVENTING THE TRANSPORTATION OF
          DISEASE-CARRYING MOSQUITOES AND OTHER INSECTS ON COMMERCIAL
          AIRCRAFT.
        It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Transportation
    and the Secretary of Agriculture should, in coordination and
    consultation with the World Health Organization, develop a framework
    and guidance for the use of safe, effective, and nontoxic means of
    preventing the transportation of disease-carrying mosquitoes and other
    insects on commercial aircraft.
        SEC. 539. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.
        (a) Airport Capacity Enhancement Projects at Congested Airports.--
    Section 40104(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``section 47176'' and inserting ``section 47175''.
        (b) Passenger Facility Charges.--Section 40117(a)(5) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``charge or charge'' and
    inserting ``charge''.
        (c) Overflights of National Parks.--Section 40128(a)(3) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``under part 91 of the
    title 14,'' and inserting ``under part 91 of title 14,''.
        (d) Plans To Address Needs of Families of Passengers Involved in
    Foreign Air Carrier Accidents.--Section 41313(c)(16) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``An assurance that the
    foreign air carrier'' and inserting ``An assurance that''.
        (e) Operations of Carriers.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 41718 and inserting the following:

    ``41718. Special rules for Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.''.

        (f) Schedules for Certain Transportation of Mail.--Section 41902(a)
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section
    41906'' and inserting ``section 41905''.
        (g) Weighing Mail.--Section 41907 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by striking ``and'' and all that follows through
    ``administrative'' and inserting ``and administrative''.
        (h) Structures Interfering With Air Commerce or National
    Security.--Section 44718(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking ``air
        navigation facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``air or space
        navigation facilities and equipment''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (A)--
                (A) in clause (v) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (B) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
                (C) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                    ``(vi) the impact on launch and reentry for launch and
                reentry vehicles arriving or departing from a launch site
                or reentry site licensed by the Secretary of
                Transportation; and''.
        (i) Flight Attendant Certification.--Section 44728 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``chapter'' and inserting
        ``title''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``is'' and inserting
        ``be''.
        (j) Fees Involving Aircraft Not Providing Air Transportation.--
    Section 45302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``44703(f)(2)'' each place it appears and inserting ``44703(g)(2)''.
        (k) Schedule of Fees.--Section 45301(a)(1) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``United States government'' and
    inserting ``United States Government''.
        (l) Classified Evidence.--Section 46111(g)(2)(A) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``(18 U.S.C. App.)'' and
    inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''.
        (m) Chapter 465.--The analysis for chapter 465 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking the following item:

    ``46503. Repealed.''.

        (n) Allowable Cost Standards.--Section 47110(b)(2) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``compatability'' and
        inserting ``compatibility''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking ``climactic'' and
        inserting ``climatic''.
        (o) Definition of Qualified HUBZone Small Business Concern.--
    Section 47113(a)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``(15 U.S.C. 632(o))'' and inserting ``(15 U.S.C. 632(p))''.
        (p) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(B) is
    amended by striking ``at least'' and inserting ``At least''.
        (q) Solicitation and Consideration of Comments.--Section 47171(l)
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``4371'' and
    inserting ``4321''.
        (r) Operations and Maintenance.--Section 48104 is amended by
    striking ``(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--the'' and inserting
    ``The''.
        (s) Adjustments to Compensation for Significantly Increased
    Costs.--Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 is
    amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) (49 U.S.C. 41737 note) by striking
        ``Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) in subsection (c) (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) by striking ``the
        Secretary may waive'' and inserting ``the Secretary of
        Transportation may waive''.
        (t) Aircraft Departure Queue Management Pilot Program.--Section
    507(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44505
    note) is amended by striking ``section 48101(a)'' and inserting
    ``section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code,''.
        SEC. 540. REPORT ON ILLEGAL CHARTER FLIGHTS.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress an analysis of reports filed during the 10-year
    period preceding such date of enactment through the illegal charter
    hotline of the FAA and other sources that includes--
            (1) what followup action the Department of Transportation or
        the Administration takes when a report of illegal charter
        operations is received;
            (2) how the Department of Transportation or the Administration
        decides to allocate resources;
            (3) challenges the Department of Transportation or the
        Administration face in identifying illegal operators; and
            (4) recommendations for improving the efforts of the Department
        of Transportation or the Administration to combat illegal charter
        carrier operations.
        SEC. 541. USE OF NASA'S SUPER GUPPY AIRCRAFT FOR COMMERCIAL
          TRANSPORT.
        Notwithstanding section 40125 of title 49, United States Code, the
    Aero Spacelines Super Guppy Turbine B-377-SGT aircraft, serial number
    0004, may be used to provide the transport, for compensation or hire,
    of oversized space launch vehicle components or oversized spacecraft
    components while continuing to qualify as a public aircraft operation
    pursuant to section 40102(a)(41)(A) of title 49, United States Code,
    if--
            (1) the aircraft is owned and operated by the National
        Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            (2) commercial operation is limited to operations conducted
        wholly in United States airspace; and
            (3) no commercially available domestic air transport
        alternative exists.
        SEC. 542. PROHIBITED AIRSPACE ASSESSMENT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with
    appropriate Federal agencies, shall conduct an assessment on the
    security of United States prohibited airspace designated by the Federal
    Aviation Administration, with a focus on permanent prohibited airspace
    (in this section referred to as ``United States prohibited airspace'').
        (b) Minimum Components.--The assessment developed under subsection
    (a) shall be unclassified but may contain a classified annex. It shall,
    at a minimum, include--
            (1) a summary of the number and types of violations of United
        States prohibited airspace and historical trends of such numbers
        and types;
            (2) an assessment of the processes used to establish United
        States prohibited airspace;
            (3) an assessment of manned and unmanned aircraft, current and
        future, with the ability to penetrate United States prohibited
        airspace undetected;
            (4) an assessment of the current and future capabilities of the
        United States to mitigate threats to United States prohibited
        airspace;
            (5) recommendations on how to improve security of United States
        prohibited airspace; and
            (6) a process to modify section 99.7 of title 14, Code of
        Federal Regulations, to expand the Administrator's authority to
        establish temporary flight restrictions in cooperation with State
        and local law enforcement agencies, or as required for purposes of
        national security, homeland security, or law enforcement support.
        SEC. 543. REPORT ON MULTIAGENCY USE OF AIRSPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
          REVIEW.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the covered committees of
    Congress a report documenting efforts made toward improving processes
    to resolve persistent challenges for special use airspace requests in
    support of, or associated with, short notice testing requirements at
    Major Range and Test Facility Bases, including the establishment of
    temporary military operations areas used for conducting short-term,
    scheduled exercises.
        (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall
    include the following elements:
            (1) Analysis of previous efforts to streamline internal
        processes associated with the designation of temporary military
        operations areas at Major Range and Test Facility Bases and the use
        of such areas for scheduled exercises.
            (2) Analysis of progress made to ensure consistency of
        environmental review, including impact analysis, associated
        environmental studies, or consultation, while complying with the
        National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)
        and other environmental requirements.
            (3) Identification of challenges, if any, in complying with the
        National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
            (4) A description of airspace requirements, current test and
        training needs statements completed during the 10-year period
        preceding the report, and future 5-year requirements, including all
        temporary military operating areas, special use airspaces,
        instrument routes, visual routes, and unfulfilled user
        requirements.
            (5) Proposed options and solutions to overcome identified
        challenges, if any, including identifying whether--
                (A) a solution or solutions can be incorporated within the
            existing Federal Aviation Administration and Department of
            Defense Memorandum of Understanding; or
                (B) changes to current law are required.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered committees of congress.--The term ``covered
        committees of Congress'' means--
                (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and
                (B) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and
            the Committee on Armed Services of the House of
            Representatives.
            (2) Major range and test facility base.--The term ``Major Range
        and Test Facility Base'' has the meaning given the term in section
        196(i) of title 10, United States Code.
            (3) Special use airspace.--The term ``special use airspace''
        means certain designations of airspace designated by the Federal
        Aviation Administration, as administered by the Secretary of
        Defense.
        SEC. 544. AGENCY PROCUREMENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
        Section 40110(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Annual report on the purchase of foreign manufactured
        articles.--
                ``(A) Report.--(i) Not later than 90 days after the end of
            the fiscal year, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit a
            report to Congress on the dollar amount of acquisitions subject
            to the Buy American Act made by the agency from entities that
            manufacture the articles, materials, or supplies outside of the
            United States in such fiscal year.
                ``(ii) The report required by clause (i) shall only include
            acquisitions with total value exceeding the micro-purchase
            level.
                ``(B) Contents.--The report required by subparagraph (A)
            shall separately indicate--
                    ``(i) the dollar value of any articles, materials, or
                supplies purchased that were manufactured outside of the
                United States; and
                    ``(ii) a summary of the total procurement funds spent
                on goods manufactured in the United States versus funds
                spent on goods manufactured outside of the United States.
                ``(C) Availability of report.--The Secretary shall make the
            report under subparagraph (A) publicly available on the
            agency's website not later than 30 days after submission to
            Congress.''.
        SEC. 545. FAA ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM.
        (a) Chief Technology Officer.--Section 106(s) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended to read as follows:
        ``(s) Chief Technology Officer.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                ``(A) Appointment.--There shall be a Chief Technology
            Officer appointed by the Chief Operating Officer. The Chief
            Technology Officer shall report directly to the Chief Operating
            Officer.
                ``(B) Minimum qualifications.--The Chief Technology Officer
            shall have--
                    ``(i) at least 10 years experience in engineering
                management or another relevant technical management field;
                and
                    ``(ii) knowledge of or experience in the aviation
                industry.
                ``(C) Removal.--The Chief Technology Officer shall serve at
            the pleasure of the Administrator.
                ``(D) Restriction.--The Chief Technology Officer may not
            also be the Deputy Administrator.
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the Chief
        Technology Officer shall include--
                ``(A) ensuring the proper operation, maintenance, and
            cybersecurity of technology systems relating to the air traffic
            control system across all program offices of the
            Administration;
                ``(B) coordinating the implementation, operation,
            maintenance, and cybersecurity of technology programs relating
            to the air traffic control system with the aerospace industry
            and other Federal agencies;
                ``(C) reviewing and providing advice to the Secretary, the
            Administrator, and the Chief Operating Officer on the
            Administration's budget, cost-accounting system, and benefit-
            cost analyses with respect to technology programs relating to
            the air traffic control system;
                ``(D) consulting with the Administrator on the Capital
            Investment Plan of the Administration prior to its submission
            to Congress;
                ``(E) developing an annual air traffic control system
            technology operation and maintenance plan that is consistent
            with the annual performance targets established under paragraph
            (4); and
                ``(F) ensuring that the air traffic control system
            architecture remains, to the maximum extent practicable,
            flexible enough to incorporate future technological advances
            developed and directly procured by aircraft operators.
            ``(3) Compensation.--
                ``(A) In general.--The Chief Technology Officer shall be
            paid at an annual rate of basic pay to be determined by the
            Administrator, in consultation with the Chief Operating
            Officer. The annual rate may not exceed the annual compensation
            paid under section 102 of title 3. The Chief Technology Officer
            shall be subject to the postemployment provisions of section
            207 of title 18 as if the position of Chief Technology Officer
            were described in section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of that title.
                ``(B) Bonus.--In addition to the annual rate of basic pay
            authorized by subparagraph (A), the Chief Technology Officer
            may receive a bonus for any calendar year not to exceed 30
            percent of the annual rate of basic pay, based upon the
            Administrator's evaluation of the Chief Technology Officer's
            performance in relation to the performance targets established
            under paragraph (4).
            ``(4) Annual performance targets.--
                ``(A) In general.--The Administrator and the Chief
            Operating Officer, in consultation with the Chief Technology
            Officer, shall establish measurable annual performance targets
            for the Chief Technology Officer in key operational areas.
                ``(B) Report.--The Administrator shall transmit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report describing the annual
            performance targets established under subparagraph (A).
            ``(5) Annual performance report.--The Chief Technology Officer
        shall prepare and transmit to the Secretary of Transportation, the
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
        Transportation of the Senate an annual report containing--
                ``(A) detailed descriptions and metrics of how successful
            the Chief Technology Officer was in meeting the annual
            performance targets established under paragraph (4); and
                ``(B) other information as may be requested by the
            Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 709(a)(3)(L) of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation
        Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking
        ``Chief NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Technology
        Officer''.
            (2) Section 804(a)(4)(A) of the FAA Modernization and Reform
        Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended by striking ``Chief
        NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Technology Officer''.
        SEC. 546. FAA CIVIL AVIATION REGISTRY UPGRADE.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall complete covered upgrades of the Administration's Civil Aviation
    Registry (in this section referred to as the ``Registry'').
        (b) Covered Upgrade Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered
    upgrades'' means--
            (1) the digitization of nondigital Registry information,
        including paper documents, microfilm images, and photographs, from
        an analog or nondigital format to a digital format;
            (2) the digitalization of Registry manual and paper-based
        processes, business operations, and functions by leveraging digital
        technologies and a broader use of digitized data;
            (3) the implementation of systems allowing a member of the
        public to submit any information or form to the Registry and
        conduct any transaction with the Registry by electronic or other
        remote means; and
            (4) allowing more efficient, broader, and remote access to the
        Registry.
        (c) Applicability.--The requirements of subsection (a) shall apply
    to the entire Civil Aviation Registry, including the Aircraft
    Registration Branch and the Airmen Certification Branch.
        (d) Manual Surcharge.--Chapter 453 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 45306. Manual surcharge
        ``(a) In General.--Not later 3 years after the date of enactment of
    the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator shall impose and
    collect a surcharge on a Civil Aviation Registry transaction that--
            ``(1) is conducted in person at the Civil Aviation Registry;
            ``(2) could be conducted, as determined by the Administrator,
        with the same or greater level of efficiency by electronic or other
        remote means; and
            ``(3) is not related to research or other non-commercial
        activities.
        ``(b) Maximum Surcharge.--A surcharge imposed and collected under
    subsection (a) shall not exceed twice the maximum fee the Administrator
    is authorized to charge for the registration of an aircraft, not used
    to provide air transportation, after the transfer of ownership under
    section 45302(b)(2).
        ``(c) Credit to Account and Availability.--Monies collected from a
    surcharge imposed under subsection (a) shall be treated as monies
    collected under section 45302 and subject to the terms and conditions
    set forth in section 45302(d).''.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after date of enactment of this
    Act, and annually thereafter until the covered upgrades required under
    subsection (a) are complete, the Administrator shall submit a report to
    the appropriate committees of Congress describing--
            (1) the schedule for the covered upgrades to the Registry;
            (2) the office responsible for the implementation of the such
        covered upgrades;
            (3) the metrics being used to measure progress in implementing
        the covered upgrades; and
            (4) the status of the covered upgrades as of the date of the
        report.
        SEC. 547. ENHANCED AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot
    program to provide air traffic control services on a preferential basis
    to aircraft equipped with certain NextGen avionics that--
            (1) lasts at least 2 years; and
            (2) operates in at least 3 suitable airports.
        (b) Duration of Daily Service.--The air traffic control services
    provided under the pilot program established under subsection (a) shall
    occur for at least 3 consecutive hours between 0600 and 2200 local time
    during each day of the pilot program.
        (c) Airport Selection.--The Administrator shall designate airports
    for participation in the pilot program after consultation with aircraft
    operators, manufacturers, and airport sponsors.
        (d) Definitions.--
            (1) Certain nextgen avionics.--The term ``certain NextGen
        avionics'' means those avionics and related software designated by
        the Administrator after consultations with aircraft operators and
        manufacturers.
            (2) Preferential basis.--The term ``preferential basis''
        means--
                (A) prioritizing aircraft equipped with certain NextGen
            avionics during a Ground Delay Program by assigning them fewer
            minutes of delay relative to other aircraft based upon
            principles established after consultation with aircraft
            operators and manufacturers; or
                (B) sequencing aircraft equipped with certain NextGen
            avionics ahead of other aircraft in the Traffic Flow Management
            System to the maximum extent consistent with safety.
        (e) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a)
    shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
        (f) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the
    pilot program terminates, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the pilot
    program.
        SEC. 548. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AVIATION.
        It is the sense of Congress that the Administration should, in
    consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and industry
    stakeholders, periodically review the use or proposed use of artificial
    intelligence technologies within the aviation system and assess whether
    the Administration needs a plan regarding artificial intelligence
    standards and best practices to carry out its mission.
        SEC. 549. STUDY ON CYBERSECURITY WORKFORCE OF FAA.
        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into an agreement with the
    National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on the cybersecurity
    workforce of the Administration in order to develop recommendations to
    increase the size, quality, and diversity of such workforce, including
    cybersecurity researchers and specialists.
        (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the
    completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report on the results of such study.
        SEC. 550. TREATMENT OF MULTIYEAR LESSEES OF LARGE AND TURBINE-
          POWERED MULTIENGINE AIRCRAFT.
        The Secretary of Transportation shall revise such regulations as
    may be necessary to ensure that multiyear lessees and owners of large
    and turbine-powered multiengine aircraft are treated equally for
    purposes of joint ownership policies of the FAA.
        SEC. 551. EMPLOYEE ASSAULT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, each air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14,
    Code of Federal Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part
    121 air carrier''), shall submit to the Administrator for review and
    acceptance an Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plan related to
    the customer service agents of the air carrier and that is developed in
    consultation with the labor union representing such agents.
        (b) Contents of Plan.--An Employee Assault Prevention and Response
    Plan submitted under subsection (a) shall include the following:
            (1) Reporting protocols for air carrier customer service agents
        who have been the victim of a verbal or physical assault.
            (2) Protocols for the immediate notification of law enforcement
        after an incident of verbal or physical assault committed against
        an air carrier customer service agent.
            (3) Protocols for informing Federal law enforcement with
        respect to violations of section 46503 of title 49, United States
        Code.
            (4) Protocols for ensuring that a passenger involved in a
        violent incident with a customer service agent of an air carrier is
        not allowed to move through airport security or board an aircraft
        until appropriate law enforcement has had an opportunity to assess
        the incident and take appropriate action.
            (5) Protocols for air carriers to inform passengers of Federal
        laws protecting Federal, airport, and air carrier employees who
        have security duties within an airport.
        (c) Employee Training.--A part 121 air carrier shall conduct
    initial and recurrent training for all employees, including management,
    of the air carrier with respect to the plan required under subsection
    (a), which shall include training on de-escalating hostile situations,
    written protocols on dealing with hostile situations, and the reporting
    of relevant incidents.
        (d) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) complete a study of crimes of violence (as defined in
        section 16 of title 18, United States Code) committed against
        airline customer service representatives while they are performing
        their duties and on airport property; and
            (2) submit the findings of the study, including any
        recommendations, to the appropriate committees of Congress.
        (e) Gap Analysis.--The study required under subsection (d) shall
    include a gap analysis to determine if State and local laws and
    resources are adequate to deter or otherwise address the crimes of
    violence described in subsection (a) and recommendations on how to
    address any identified gaps.
        SEC. 552. STUDY ON TRAINING OF CUSTOMER-FACING AIR CARRIER
          EMPLOYEES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study on
    the training received by customer-facing employees of air carriers.
        (b) Contents.--The study shall include--
            (1) an analysis of the training received by customer-facing
        employees with respect to the management of disputes on aircraft;
            (2) an examination of how institutions of higher learning, in
        coordination with air carriers, customer-facing employees and their
        representatives, consumer advocacy organizations, and other
        stakeholders, could--
                (A) review such training and related practices;
                (B) produce recommendations; and
                (C) if determined appropriate, provide supplemental
            training; and
            (3) the effectiveness of air carriers' Employee Assault
        Prevention and Response Plans required under section 551.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report on the results of the study.
        SEC. 553. AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEMS POLICY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) update automated weather observing systems standards to
        maximize the use of new technologies that promote the reduction of
        equipment or maintenance cost for non-Federal automated weather
        observing systems, including the use of remote monitoring and
        maintenance, unless demonstrated to be ineffective;
            (2) review, and if necessary update, existing policies in
        accordance with the standards developed under paragraph (1); and
            (3) establish a process under which appropriate onsite airport
        personnel or an aviation official may, with appropriate
        manufacturer training or alternative training as determined by the
        Administrator, be permitted to conduct the minimum triannual
        preventative maintenance checks under the advisory circular for
        non-Federal automated weather observing systems (AC 150/5220-16E)
        and any other similar, successor checks.
        (b) Permission.--Permission to conduct the minimum triannual
    preventative maintenance checks described under subsection (a)(3) and
    any similar, successor checks shall not be withheld but for specific
    cause.
        (c) Standards.--In updating the standards under subsection (a)(1),
    the Administrator shall--
            (1) ensure the standards are performance-based;
            (2) use risk analysis to determine the accuracy of the
        automated weather observing systems outputs required for pilots to
        perform safe aircraft operations; and
            (3) provide a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether the
        benefits outweigh the cost for any requirement not directly related
        to safety.
        (d) AIP Eligibility of AWOS Equipment.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other law, the
        Administrator is authorized to and shall waive any positive
        benefit-cost ratio requirement for automated weather-observing
        system equipment under subchapter I of chapter 471, of title 49,
        United States Code, if--
                (A) the airport sponsor or State, as applicable, certifies
            that a grant for such automated weather observing systems
            equipment under that chapter will assist an applicable airport
            to respond to regional emergency needs, including medical,
            firefighting, and search and rescue needs;
                (B) the Secretary determines, after consultation with the
            airport sponsor or State, as applicable, that the placement of
            automated weather-observing equipment at the airport will not
            cause unacceptable radio frequency congestion; and
                (C) the other requirements under that chapter are met.
            (2) Applicability to low population density states.--This
        subsection is applicable only to airports located in states with a
        population density, based on the most recent decennial census, of
        50 or fewer persons per square mile.
        (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2025, the Administrator
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the
    implementation of the requirements under this section.
        SEC. 554. PRIORITIZING AND SUPPORTING THE HUMAN INTERVENTION
          MOTIVATION STUDY (HIMS) PROGRAM AND THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT DRUG AND
          ALCOHOL PROGRAM (FADAP).
        (a) In General.--The Administration shall continue to prioritize
    and support the Human Intervention Motivation Study (HIMS) program for
    flight crewmembers and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program
    (FADAP) for flight attendants.
        (b) Study and Recommendations.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter
        into an agreement with the Transportation Research Board (in this
        subsection referred to as the ``Board'') under which the Board
        shall--
                (A) conduct a study on the Human Intervention Motivation
            Study (HIMS) program, the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol
            Program (FADAP), and any other drug and alcohol programs within
            the other modal administrations within the Department of
            Transportation;
                (B) to the extent justified by the findings from the study
            described in subparagraph (A), make recommendations to the
            Federal Aviation Administration and other administrations
            within the Department of Transportation on how to implement
            programs, or changes to existing programs, that seek to help
            transportation workers get treatment for drug and alcohol abuse
            and return to work; and
                (C) upon the completion of the study described in
            subparagraph (A), submit to the appropriate committees of
            Congress a report on such study, including the Board's
            findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
            (2) Requirement.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1),
        the Board shall identify--
                (A) best policies and practices within existing programs;
            and
                (B) best prevention, early intervention, and return to work
            practices specifically around prescription medication abuse,
            with a special emphasis on employee use of opioids.
        SEC. 555. COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT RENTAL.
        (a) Agency Analysis of Equipment Acquisition.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided for under subsection (d),
        the head of each executive agency shall acquire equipment using the
        method of acquisition most advantageous to the Federal Government
        based on a case-by-case analysis of comparative costs and other
        factors, including those factors listed in section 7.401 of the
        Federal Acquisition Regulation.
            (2) Methods of acquisition.--The methods of acquisition to be
        compared in the analysis under paragraph (1) shall include, at a
        minimum, purchase, short-term rental or lease, long-term rental or
        lease, interagency acquisition, and acquisition agreements with a
        State or a local government as described in subsection (c).
            (3) Amendment of federal acquisition regulation.--Not later
        than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
        Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council shall amend the Federal
        Acquisition Regulation to implement the requirement of this
        subsection, including a determination of the factors for executive
        agencies to consider for purposes of performing the analysis under
        paragraph (1).
            (4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be
        construed to affect the requirements of chapter 37 of title 41,
        United States Code, section 2305 of title 10, United States Code,
        or section 1535 of title 31, United States Code.
        (b) Date of Implementation.--The analysis described in subsection
    (a) shall be applied to contracts for the acquisition of equipment
    entered into on or after the date that the Federal Acquisition
    Regulation is amended pursuant to paragraph (3) of such subsection.
        (c) Acquisition Agreements With States or Local Governments.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
        including chapter 37 of title 41, United States Code, the Small
        Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.), and section 2305 of title 10,
        United States Code, the head of an executive agency may enter into
        an acquisition agreement authorized by this section directly with a
        State or a local government if the agency head determines that the
        agreement otherwise satisfies the requirements of subsection
        (a)(1).
            (2) Terms and conditions.--Any agreement under paragraph (1)
        shall contain such terms and conditions as the head of the agency
        deems necessary or appropriate to protect the interests of the
        United States.
        (d) Exceptions.--The analysis otherwise required under subsection
    (a) is not required--
            (1) when the President has issued an emergency declaration or a
        major disaster declaration pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et
        seq.);
            (2) in other emergency situations if the agency head makes a
        determination that obtaining such equipment is necessary in order
        to protect human life or property; or
            (3) when otherwise authorized by law.
        (e) Study of Agency Analyses.--Not later than 2 years after the
    date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the
    United States shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Government
    Reform of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland
    Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a comprehensive report
    on the decisions made by the executive agencies with the highest levels
    of acquisition spending, and a sample of executive agencies with lower
    levels of acquisition spending, to acquire high-value equipment by
    lease, rental, or purchase pursuant to subpart 7.4 of the Federal
    Acquisition Regulation.
        (f) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has the
        meaning given that term in section 102 of title 40, United States
        Code.
            (2) Interagency acquisition.--The term ``interagency
        acquisition'' has the meaning given that term in section 2.101 of
        the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the term
        in section 6501 of title 31, United States Code.
            (4) Local government.--The term ``local government'' means any
        unit of local government within a State, including a county,
        municipality, city, borough, town, township, parish, local public
        authority, school district, special district, intrastate district,
        council of governments, or regional or interstate government
        entity, and any agency or instrumentality of a local government.
        SEC. 556. AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking to
    increase the duration of aircraft registrations for noncommercial
    general aviation aircraft to 7 years.
        (b) Considerations.--In promulgating the notice of proposed
    rulemaking described in subsection (a), the Administrator may consider
    any events, circumstances, changes in any ownership entity or
    structure, or other condition that would necessitate renewal prior to
    the expiration of an aircraft registration.
        SEC. 557. REQUIREMENT TO CONSULT WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN DEFINING
          SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE FLIGHT SERVICE PROGRAM.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall consult with stakeholders in defining the scope
    and requirements for any new Future Flight Service Program of the
    Administration to be used in a competitive source selection for the
    next flight service contract with the Administration.
        SEC. 558. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND
          TARGETS.
        (a) Performance Measures.--Not later than 180 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall
    establish performance measures relating to the management of the
    Administration, which shall, at a minimum, include measures to assess--
            (1) the timely and cost-effective completion of projects; and
            (2) the effectiveness of the Administration in achieving the
        goals described in section 47171 of title 49, United States Code.
        (b) Performance Targets.--Not later than 180 days after the date on
    which the Secretary establishes performance measures in accordance with
    subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish performance targets
    relating to each of the measures described in that subsection.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    describing the progress of the Secretary in meeting the performance
    targets established under subsection (b).
        SEC. 559. REPORT ON PLANS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES IN THE
          NEW YORK CITY AND NEWARK REGION.
        Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report on the Administration's staffing and scheduling plans for air
    traffic control facilities in the New York City and Newark region for
    the 1-year period beginning on such date of enactment.
        SEC. 560. WORK PLAN FOR THE NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY/PHILADELPHIA
          METROPOLITAN AREA AIRSPACE PROJECT.
        Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall develop and publish in the Federal Register a work
    plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia Metropolitan Area
    Airspace Project.
        SEC. 561. ANNUAL REPORT ON INCLUSION OF DISABLED VETERAN LEAVE IN
          PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and
    not less frequently than annually there after until the date that is 5
    years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
    publish on a publicly accessible internet website a report on--
            (1) the effect of the amendments made by subsections (a) and
        (b) of section 2 of the Federal Aviation Administration Veteran
        Transition Improvement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-242), on the
        Administration's work force; and
            (2) the number of disabled veterans benefitting from such
        subsections.
        SEC. 562. ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITY.
        Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall identify and implement a strategy to--
            (1) advance near-term and long-term uses of enhanced
        surveillance systems, such as space-based ADS-B, within United
        States airspace or international airspace delegated to the United
        States;
            (2) exercise leadership on setting global standards for the
        separation of aircraft in oceanic airspace by working with--
                (A) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the
            International Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary
            organizations;
                (B) other international organizations and fora; and
                (C) the private sector; and
            (3) ensure the participation of the Administration in the
        analysis of trials of enhanced surveillance systems, such as space-
        based ADS-B, performed by foreign air navigation service providers
        in North Atlantic airspace.
        SEC. 563. ACCESS OF AIR CARRIERS TO INFORMATION ABOUT APPLICANTS TO
          BE PILOTS FROM NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER.
        Section 30305(b)(8) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to
    read as follows:
            ``(8)(A) An individual who is seeking employment by an air
        carrier as a pilot may request the chief driver licensing official
        of a State to provide information about the individual under
        subsection (a) of this section to the prospective employer of the
        individual, the authorized agent of the prospective employer, or
        the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(B) An air carrier that is the prospective employer of an
        individual described in subparagraph (A), or an authorized agent of
        such an air carrier, may request and receive information about that
        individual from the National Driver Register through an
        organization approved by the Secretary for purposes of requesting,
        receiving, and transmitting such information directly to the
        prospective employer of such an individual or the authorized agent
        of the prospective employer. This paragraph shall be carried out in
        accordance with paragraphs (2) and (11) of section 44703(h) and the
        Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).
            ``(C) Information may not be obtained from the National Driver
        Register under this paragraph if the information was entered in the
        Register more than 5 years before the request unless the
        information is about a revocation or suspension still in effect on
        the date of the request.''.
        SEC. 564. REGULATORY REFORM.
        Section 106(p)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Committee, or'' and inserting ``Committee,'';
        and
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, or such
        aerospace rulemaking committees as the Secretary shall
        designate.''.
        SEC. 565. AVIATION FUEL.
        (a) Use of Unleaded Aviation Gasoline.--The Administrator shall
    allow the use of an unleaded aviation gasoline in an aircraft as a
    replacement for a leaded gasoline if the Administrator--
            (1) determines that the unleaded aviation gasoline qualifies as
        a replacement for an approved leaded gasoline;
            (2) identifies the aircraft and engines that are eligible to
        use the qualified replacement unleaded gasoline; and
            (3) adopts a process (other than the traditional means of
        certification) to allow eligible aircraft and engines to operate
        using qualified replacement unleaded gasoline in a manner that
        ensures safety.
        (b) Timing.--The Administrator shall adopt the process described in
    subsection (a)(3) not later than 180 days after the later of--
            (1) the date on which the Administration completes the Piston
        Aviation Fuels Initiative; or
            (2) the date on which the American Society for Testing and
        Materials publishes a production specification for an unleaded
        aviation gasoline.
        (c) Type Certification.--Existing regulatory mechanisms by which an
    unleaded aviation gasoline can be approved for use in an engine or
    aircraft by Type or Supplemental Type Certificate for individual
    aircraft and engine types or by Approved Model List Supplemental Type
    Certificate providing coverage for a broad range of applicable types of
    aircraft or engines identified in the application shall continue to be
    fully available as a means of approving and bringing an unleaded
    aviation gasoline into general use in the United States. Such approvals
    shall be issued when the Administrator finds that the aircraft or
    engine performs properly and meets the applicable regulations and
    minimum standards under the normal certification process.
        SEC. 566. RIGHT TO PRIVACY WHEN USING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM.
        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator
    shall, upon request of a private aircraft owner or operator, block the
    registration number of the aircraft of the owner or operator from any
    public dissemination or display, except in data made available to a
    Government agency, for the noncommercial flights of the owner or
    operator.
        SEC. 567. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WORKFORCE REVIEW.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall conduct a review to assess the workforce and training needs of
    the FAA in the anticipated budgetary environment.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the review, the Comptroller General
    shall--
            (1) identify the long-term workforce and training needs of the
        FAA workforce;
            (2) assess the impact of automation, digitalization, and
        artificial intelligence on the FAA workforce;
            (3) analyze the skills and qualifications required of the FAA
        workforce for successful performance in the current and future
        projected aviation environment;
            (4) review current performance incentive policies of the FAA,
        including awards for performance;
            (5) analyze ways in which the FAA can work with industry and
        labor, including labor groups representing the FAA workforce, to
        establish knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and the
        aviation industry regarding new equipment and systems, best
        practices, and other areas of interest; and
            (6) develop recommendations on the most effective
        qualifications, training programs (including e-learning training),
        and performance incentive approaches to address the needs of the
        future projected aviation regulatory system in the anticipated
        budgetary environment.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
        SEC. 568. REVIEW OF APPROVAL PROCESS FOR USE OF LARGE AIR TANKERS
          AND VERY LARGE AIR TANKERS FOR WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING.
        (a) Review and Improvement of Current Approval Process.--The Chief
    of the Forest Service, in consultation with the Administrator, shall
    conduct a review of the process used by the Forest Service to approve
    the use of large air tankers and very large air tankers for wildland
    firefighting for the purpose of--
            (1) determining the current effectiveness, safety, and
        consistency of the approval process;
            (2) developing recommendations for improving the effectiveness,
        safety, and consistency of the approval process; and
            (3) assisting in developing standardized next-generation
        requirements for air tankers used for firefighting.
        (b) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Chief of the Forest Service shall submit to
    Congress a report describing the outcome of the review conducted under
    subsection (a).
        SEC. 569. FAA TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) identify and assess barriers to attracting, developing,
        training, and retaining a talented workforce in the areas of
        systems engineering, architecture, systems integration, digital
        communications, and cybersecurity;
            (2) develop a comprehensive plan to attract, develop, train,
        and retain talented individuals in those fields; and
            (3) identify existing authorities available to the
        Administrator, through personnel reform, to attract, develop, and
        retain this talent.
        (b) Report.--The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the progress made toward
    implementing the requirements under subsection (a).
        SEC. 570. STUDY ON AIRPORT CREDIT ASSISTANCE.
        (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct
        a review to determine whether a Federal credit assistance program
        would be beneficial and feasible for airport-related projects as
        defined in section 40117(a) of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Considerations.--In carrying out the review under paragraph
        (1), the Secretary may consider--
                (A) expanding eligibility under an existing Federal credit
            assistance program to include such projects; and
                (B) establishing a new credit assistance program for such
            projects.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and
    the Committee on the Environment and Public Works of the Senate a
    report on the results of the review carried out under subsection (a).
    The report shall include a description of--
            (1) the benefits and other effects;
            (2) potential projects;
            (3) the budgetary impacts, including an estimate of--
                (A) the average annual loan volume;
                (B) the average subsidy rate; and
                (C) any loss of Federal revenue;
            (4) impacts on existing programs;
            (5) the administrative costs; and
            (6) any personnel changes.
        SEC. 571. SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY.
        (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note)
        requires the Secretary of Commerce to identify 30 megahertz of
        electromagnetic spectrum below the frequency of 3 gigahertz to be
        reallocated to non-Federal use, to shared Federal and non-Federal
        use, or to a combination thereof.
            (2) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note)
        authorized the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to
        use amounts made available through the Spectrum Relocation Fund to
        make payments to Federal entities for research and development,
        engineering studies, economic analyses, and other activities
        intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Federal
        spectrum use in order to make such spectrum available for
        reallocation for non-Federal use, for shared Federal and non-
        Federal use, or for a combination thereof.
            (3) The Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination with
        the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, and the
        Department of Homeland Security, established the Spectrum Efficient
        National Surveillance Radar (referred to in this section as
        ``SENSR'') Program to assess the feasibility of consolidating
        certain long-range, short-range, and weather radar systems in order
        to make available the 1300-1350 megahertz band.
            (4) The SENSR Program received approval and approximately
        $71,500,000 from Office of Management and Budget on June 2, 2017,
        to proceed with Phase I of the SENSR Spectrum Pipeline Plan, which
        will focus on requirements and concept development as well as
        documenting expected costs and information for all impacted Federal
        spectrum systems.
        (b)  Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the SENSR
    Program of the FAA should continue its assessment of the feasibility of
    making the 1300-1350 megahertz band of electromagnetic spectrum
    available for non-Federal use.
        SEC. 572. SPECIAL REVIEW RELATING TO AIR SPACE CHANGES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Federal Aviation Management Advisory Council
    established under section 106(p) of title 49, United States Code (in
    this section referred to as the ``Council'') shall initiate a special
    review of the Federal Aviation Administration.
        (b) Review.--The special review of the Administration required
    under subsection (a) shall consist of the following:
            (1) A review of the practices and procedures of the Federal
        Aviation Administration for developing proposals with respect to
        changes in regulations, policies, or guidance of the Federal
        Aviation Administration relating to airspace that affect airport
        operations, airport capacity, the environment, or communities in
        the vicinity of airports, including an assessment of the extent to
        which there is consultation, or a lack of consultation, with
        respect to such proposals--
                (A) between and among the affected elements of the Federal
            Aviation Administration, including the Air Traffic
            Organization, the Office of Airports, the Flight Standards
            Service, the Office of NextGen, and the Office of Energy and
            Environment; and
                (B) between the Federal Aviation Administration and
            affected entities, including airports, aircraft operators,
            communities, and State and local governments.
            (2) Recommendations for revisions to such practices and
        procedures to improve communications and coordination between and
        among affected elements of the Federal Aviation Administration and
        with other affected entities with respect to proposals described in
        paragraph (1) and the potential effects of such proposals.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the special review, the Council
    shall consult with--
            (1) air carriers, including passenger and cargo air carriers;
            (2) general aviation, including business aviation and fixed
        wing aircraft and rotorcraft;
            (3) airports of various sizes and types;
            (4) exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic
        controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States
        Code; and
            (5) State aviation officials.
        (d) Report Required.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the
    special review conducted by the Council, including a description of the
    comments, recommendations, and dissenting views received from the
    Council and a description of how the Administrator plans to implement
    the recommendations of the Council.
        SEC. 573. REIMBURSEMENT FOR IMMIGRATION INSPECTIONS.
        Section 286(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
    1356(i)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``, train,'' after ``commercial aircraft'';
        and
            (2) by inserting ``, rail line,'' after ``airport''.
        SEC. 574. FAA EMPLOYEES IN GUAM.
        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall use existing
    authorities to negotiate an agreement that shall be renegotiated after
    no sooner than 3 years with the Secretary of Defense--
            (1) to authorize Federal Aviation Administration employees
        assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children
        access to Department of Defense health care facilities located in
        Guam on a space available basis; and
            (2) to provide for payments by the Federal Aviation
        Administration to the Department of Defense for the administrative
        and any other costs associated with--
                (A) enrolling Federal Aviation Administration employees
            assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children
            in any Department of Defense health care facility necessary to
            allow access pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                (B) third-party billing for any medical costs incurred as a
            result of Federal Aviation Administration employees, their
            spouses, or their dependent children accessing and receiving
            medical treatment or services at a Department of Defense health
            care facility located in Guam.
        (b) Funds Subject to Appropriations.--Funds for payments by the
    Federal Aviation Administration described in subsection (a)(2) are
    subject to the availability of amounts specifically provided in advance
    for that purpose in appropriations Acts.
        (c) Report on Access to Facilities of the Department of Defense in
    Guam.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation and the
        Secretary of Defense shall jointly submit a report to the
        Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of
        Representatives, the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, and the
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives on eligibility for and access to Department of
        Defense support facilities by Federal Aviation Administration
        employees in the U.S. territory of Guam.
            (2) Scope.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall:
                (A) Evaluate the ability of Department of Defense support
            facilities in Guam to adequately serve current military
            personnel and dependent populations.
                (B) Determine how any substantial increases to military
            personnel and dependent populations in Guam would impact the
            ability of existing Department of Defense support facilities to
            provide services for military personnel and dependents
            stationed in Guam.
                (C) Provide recommendations on any improvements to existing
            Department of Defense facilities which may be needed to ensure
            those facilities in Guam can support an increased population of
            military personnel and dependent population in Guam.
                (D) Consider the impact of expanded access to Department of
            Defense support facilities in Guam to Federal Aviation
            Administration employees and their families on the ability of
            those facilities to provide services to military personnel and
            their families.
                (E) Recognize the Federal Aviation Administration's vital
            role as the sole provider of radar air traffic control services
            for aircraft traversing into and out of the airspace near and
            above Guam the vast majority of which are military operations,
            Department of Defense aircraft, or other aircraft traveling to
            Guam in order to interact with Department of Defense
            facilities.
                (F) Review the existing authorities authorizing eligibility
            and access for non-military personnel and their dependents to
            Department of Defense support facilities, including health care
            facilities, commissaries, and exchanges, outside the
            continental United States.
                (G) Determine the applicability of those existing
            authorities to Department of Defense support facilities in the
            U.S. territory of Guam.
                (H) Outline the specific conditions on Guam, which may
            necessitate access to Department of Defense support facilities
            in Guam by Federal Aviation Administration personnel and their
            families.
                (I) Determine any changes in laws or regulations that may
            be necessary to authorize Federal Aviation Administration
            employees and their families access to Department of Defense
            health care facilities, commissaries, and exchanges in Guam.
        SEC. 575. GAO STUDY ON AIRLINE COMPUTER NETWORK DISRUPTIONS.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report containing a review of the
    following:
            (1) Direct and indirect effects on passengers, if any,
        resulting from significant computer network disruptions of part 121
        (of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) air carriers between
        January 1, 2014, and the date of enactment of this section,
        including--
                (A) systemwide delays;
                (B) flight cancellations; and
                (C) disrupted or broken itineraries.
            (2) An estimate of any expenses incurred by passengers during
        significant computer network disruptions, including--
                (A) meals, lodging, and ancillary expenses per persons;
                (B) late hotel check-in or car rental fees;
                (C) missed cruise-ship departures; and
                (D) lost productivity.
            (3) Air carriers' contracts of carriage and interline
        agreements to determine if and how air carriers accommodate
        passengers affected by significant computer network disruptions on
        other air carriers or foreign air carriers.
            (4) Whether passengers who have been displaced by significant
        computer network disruptions are furnished with alternative
        transportation aboard another air carrier or foreign air carrier.
            (5) Costs incurred by airports, if any, to meet the essential
        needs of passengers, including increased demands on utilities, food
        concessionaires, restroom facilities, and security staffing, during
        significant computer network disruptions.
            (6) Other costs, if any, incurred by passengers, airports, and
        other entities as a direct result of significant computer network
        disruptions.
            (7) Processes, plans, and redundancies in place at air carriers
        to respond to and recover from such network disruptions.
        SEC. 576. TOWER MARKING.
        Section 2110 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016
    (49 U.S.C. 44718 note) is amended to read as follows:
    ``SEC. 2110. TOWER MARKING.
        ``(a) Application.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), not
        later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the FAA
        Reauthorization Act of 2018 or the date of availability of the
        database developed by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c),
        whichever is later, all covered towers shall be either--
                ``(A) clearly marked consistent with applicable guidance in
            the advisory circular of the FAA issued December 4, 2015 (AC
            70/7460-IL); or
                ``(B) included in the database described in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Meteorological evaluation tower.--A covered tower that is
        a meteorological evaluation tower shall be subject to the
        requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).
        ``(b) Definitions.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, the following definitions
        apply:
                ``(A) Covered tower.--
                    ``(i) In general.--The term `covered tower' means a
                structure that--

                        ``(I) is a meteorological evaluation tower, a self-
                    standing tower, or tower supported by guy wires and
                    ground anchors;
                        ``(II) is 10 feet or less in diameter at the above-
                    ground base, excluding concrete footing;
                        ``(III) at the highest point of the structure is at
                    least 50 feet above ground level;
                        ``(IV) at the highest point of the structure is not
                    more than 200 feet above ground level;
                        ``(V) has accessory facilities on which an antenna,
                    sensor, camera, meteorological instrument, or other
                    equipment is mounted; and
                        ``(VI) is located on land that is--

                            ``(aa) in a rural area; and
                            ``(bb) used for agricultural purposes or
                        immediately adjacent to such land.
                    ``(ii) Exclusions.--The term `covered tower' does not
                include any structure that--

                        ``(I) is adjacent to a house, barn, electric
                    utility station, or other building;
                        ``(II) is within the curtilage of a farmstead or
                    adjacent to another building or visible structure;
                        ``(III) supports electric utility transmission or
                    distribution lines;
                        ``(IV) is a wind-powered electrical generator with
                    a rotor blade radius that exceeds 6 feet;
                        ``(V) is a street light erected or maintained by a
                    Federal, State, local, or tribal entity;
                        ``(VI) is designed and constructed to resemble a
                    tree or visible structure other than a tower;
                        ``(VII) is an advertising billboard;
                        ``(VIII) is located within the right-of-way of a
                    rail carrier, including within the boundaries of a rail
                    yard, and is used for a railroad purpose;
                        ``(IX)(aa) is registered with the Federal
                    Communications Commission under the Antenna Structure
                    Registration program set forth under part 17 of title
                    47, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                        ``(bb) is determined by the Administrator to pose
                    no hazard to air navigation; or
                        ``(X) has already mitigated any hazard to aviation
                    safety in accordance with Federal Aviation
                    Administration guidance or as otherwise approved by the
                    Administrator.

                ``(B) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the meaning
            given the term in section 609(a)(5) of the Public Utility
            Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 918c(a)(5)).
                ``(C) Agricultural purposes.--The term `agricultural
            purposes' means farming in all its branches and the cultivation
            and tillage of the soil, the production, cultivation, growing,
            and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural commodities
            performed by a farmer or on a farm, or on pasture land or
            rangeland.
            ``(2) Other definitions.--The Administrator shall define such
        other terms as may be necessary to carry out this section.
        ``(c) Database.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) develop a new database, or if appropriate use an existing
        database that meets the requirements under this section, that
        contains the location and height of each covered tower that,
        pursuant to subsection (a), the owner or operator of such tower
        elects not to mark (unless the Administrator has determined that
        there is a significant safety risk requiring that the tower be
        marked), except that meteorological evaluation towers shall be
        marked and contained in the database;
            ``(2) keep the database current to the extent practicable;
            ``(3) ensure that any proprietary information in the database
        is protected from disclosure in accordance with law;
            ``(4) ensure that, by virtue of accessing the database, users
        agree and acknowledge that information in the database--
                ``(A) may only be used for aviation safety purposes; and
                ``(B) may not be disclosed for purposes other than aviation
            safety, regardless of whether or not the information is marked
            or labeled as proprietary or with a similar designation;
            ``(5) ensure that the tower information in the database is de-
        identified and that the information only includes the location and
        height of covered towers and whether the tower has guy wires;
            ``(6) ensure that information in the dataset is encrypted at
        rest and in transit and is protected from unauthorized access and
        acquisition;
            ``(7) ensure that towers excluded from the definition of
        covered tower under subsection (d)(1)(B)(ii)(VIII) must be
        registered by its owner in the database;
            ``(8) ensure that a tower to be included in the database
        pursuant to subsection (c)(1) and constructed after the date on
        which the database is fully operational is submitted by its owner
        to the FAA for inclusion in the database before its construction;
            ``(9) ensure that pilots who intend to conduct low-altitude
        operations in locations described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(i)(VI)
        consult the relevant parts of the database before conducting such
        operations; and
            ``(10) make the database available for use not later than 1
        year after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of
        2018.
        ``(d) Exclusion and Waiver Authorities.--As part of a rulemaking
    conducted pursuant to this section, the Administrator--
            ``(1) may exclude a class, category, or type of tower that is
        determined by the Administrator, after public notice and comment,
        to not pose a hazard to aviation safety;
            ``(2) shall establish a process to waive specific covered
        towers from the marking requirements under this section as required
        under the rulemaking if the Administrator later determines such
        tower or towers do not pose a hazard to aviation safety;
            ``(3) shall consider, in establishing exclusions and granting
        waivers under this subsection, factors that may sufficiently
        mitigate risks to aviation safety, such as the length of time the
        tower has been in existence or alternative marking methods or
        technologies that maintains a tower's level of conspicuousness to a
        degree which adequately maintains the safety of the airspace; and
            ``(4) shall consider excluding towers located in a State that
        has enacted tower marking requirements according to the Federal
        Aviation Administration's recommended guidance for the voluntary
        marking of meteorological evaluation towers erected in remote and
        rural areas that are less than 200 feet above ground level to
        enhance the conspicuity of the towers for low level agricultural
        operations in the vicinity of those towers.
        ``(e) Periodic Review.--The Administrator shall, in consultation
    with the Federal Communications Commission, periodically review any
    regulations or guidance regarding the marking of covered towers issued
    pursuant to this section and update them as necessary, consistent with
    this section, and in the interest of safety of low-altitude aircraft
    operations.
        ``(f) FCC Regulations.--The Federal Communications Commission shall
    amend section 17.7 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, to require
    a notification to the Federal Aviation Administration for any
    construction or alteration of an antenna structure, as defined in
    section 17.2(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, that is a
    covered tower as defined by this section.''.
        SEC. 577. MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR PASSENGER SEATS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, and after providing notice and an opportunity for comment,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue
    regulations that establish minimum dimensions for passenger seats on
    aircraft operated by air carriers in interstate air transportation or
    intrastate air transportation, including minimums for seat pitch,
    width, and length, and that are necessary for the safety of passengers.
        (b) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 40102(a) of
    title 49, United States Code, apply to this section.
        SEC. 578. JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
          REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCEDURES.
        Section 330 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``5 States'' and
        inserting ``2 States''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2 years'' and
            inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 139(l)''; and
                (B) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking ``2 years'' and
            inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 139(l)''.
        SEC. 579. REGULATORY STREAMLINING.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a
    final regulation revising section 121.333(c)(3) of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, to apply only to flight altitudes above flight
    level 410.
        SEC. 580. SPACEPORTS.
        (a) Sense of Congress on State Spaceport Contributions.--It is the
    Sense of Congress that--
            (1) State and local government-owned or -operated spaceports
        have contributed hundreds of millions of dollars in infrastructure
        improvements to the national space launch infrastructure, providing
        the United States Government and commercial customers with world-
        class space launch and processing infrastructure that is necessary
        to support continued American leadership in space;
            (2) State and local government-owned or -operated spaceports
        play a critical role in providing resiliency and redundancy in the
        national launch infrastructure to support national security and
        civil government capabilities, and should be recognized as a
        critical infrastructure in Federal strategy and planning;
            (3) continued State and local government investments at launch
        and reentry facilities should be encouraged and to the maximum
        extent practicable supported in Federal policies, planning and
        infrastructure investment considerations, including through
        Federal, State, and local partnerships;
            (4) Federal investments in space infrastructure should enable
        partnerships between Federal agencies and state and local
        spaceports to modernize and enable expanded 21st century space
        transportation infrastructure, especially multi-modal networks
        needed for robust space transportation that support national
        security, civil, and commercial launch customers; and
            (5) States and local governments that have made investments to
        build, maintain, operate, and improve capabilities for national
        security, civil, and commercial customers should be commended for
        their infrastructure contributions to launch and reentry sites, and
        encouraged through a variety of programs and policies to continue
        these investments in the national interest.
        (b) Establishment of Office of Spaceports.--
            (1) Establishment of office of spaceports.--Title 51, United
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end of subtitle V the
        following:

                      ``CHAPTER 515--OFFICE OF SPACEPORTS

    ``Sec. 51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports
        ``(a) Establishment of Office.--Not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation
    shall identify, within the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, a
    centralized policy office to be known as the Office of Spaceports.
        ``(b) Functions.--The Office of Spaceports shall--
            ``(1) support licensing activities for operation of launch and
        reentry sites;
            ``(2) develop policies that promote infrastructure improvements
        at spaceports;
            ``(3) provide technical assistance and guidance to spaceports;
            ``(4) promote United States spaceports within the Department;
        and
            ``(5) strengthen the Nation's competitiveness in commercial
        space transportation infrastructure and increase resilience for the
        Federal Government and commercial customers.
        ``(c) Recognition.--In carrying out the functions assigned in
    subsection (b), the Secretary shall recognize the unique needs and
    distinctions of spaceports that host--
            ``(1) launches to or reentries from orbit; and
            ``(2) are involved in suborbital launch activities.
        ``(d) Director.--The head of the Office of the Associate
    Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation shall designate a
    Director of the Office of Spaceports.
        ``(e) Definition.--In this section the term `spaceport' means a
    launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the
    Secretary of Transportation.''.
            (2) Technical and conforming amendment.--The table of chapters
        of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end of
        subtitle V the following:

    ``515. Office of Spaceports.....................................51501''.

        (c) Report on National Spaceports Policy.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                (A) A robust network of space transportation
            infrastructure, including spaceports, is vital to the growth of
            the domestic space industry and America's competitiveness and
            access to space.
                (B) Non-Federal spaceports have significantly increased the
            space transportation infrastructure of the United States
            through significant investments by State and local governments,
            which have encouraged greater private investment.
                (C) These spaceports have led to the development of a
            growing number of orbital and suborbital launch and reentry
            sites that are available to the national security, civil, and
            commercial space customers at minimal cost to the Federal
            Government.
                (D) The Federal Government, led by the Secretary of
            Transportation, should seek to promote the growth, resilience,
            and capabilities of this space transportation infrastructure
            through policies and through partnerships with State and local
            governments.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
        of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to
        Congress a report that--
                (A) evaluates the Federal Government's national security
            and civil space transportation demands and the needs of the
            United States and international commercial markets;
                (B) proposes policies and programs designed to ensure a
            robust and resilient orbital and suborbital spaceport
            infrastructure to serve and capitalize on these space
            transportation opportunities;
                (C) reviews the development and investments made by
            international competitors in foreign spaceports, to the extent
            practicable;
                (D) makes recommendations on how the Federal Government can
            support, encourage, promote, and facilitate greater investments
            in infrastructure at spaceports; and
                (E) considers and makes recommendations about how
            spaceports can fully support and enable the national space
            policy.
            (3) Updates to the report.--Not later than 3 years after the
        date of enactment of this Act and every 2 years until December
        2024, the Secretary shall--
                (A) update the previous report prepared under this
            subsection; and
                (B) submit the updated report to Congress.
            (4) Consultations required.--In preparing the reports required
        by this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with individuals
        including--
                (A) the Secretary of Defense;
                (B) the Secretary of Commerce;
                (C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
            Administration; and
                (D) interested persons at spaceports, State and local
            governments, and industry.
        (d) Report on Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching
    Grants.--
            (1) GAO study and report.--The Comptroller General of the
        United States shall conduct a study regarding spaceport activities
        carried out pursuant to chapters 509 and 511 of title 51, United
        States Code, including--
                (A) an assessment of potential mechanisms to provide
            Federal support to spaceports, including the airport
            improvement program established under subchapter I of chapter
            471 of title 49, United States Code, and the program
            established under chapter 511 of title 51, United States Code;
                (B) recommendations for potential funding options; and
                (C) any necessary changes to improve the spaceport
            application review process.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out the study described in
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall consult with sources
        from each component of the commercial space transportation sector,
        including interested persons in industry and government officials
        at the Federal, State, and local levels.
            (3) User-funded spaceports.--In reviewing funding options, the
        Comptroller General shall distinguish between spaceports that are
        funded by users and those that are not.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
        of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a
        report containing results of the study conducted under paragraph
        (1).
        (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``spaceport'' means a
    launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the
    Secretary of Transportation.
        SEC. 581. SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS (SPACE
          SUPPORT VEHICLES).
        (a) Space Support Vehicle Definitions.--Section 50902 of title 51,
    United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (21) through (25) as paragraphs
        (23) through (27), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (20) the following:
            ``(21) `space support vehicle flight' means a flight in the air
        that--
                ``(A) is not a launch or reentry; but
                ``(B) is conducted by a space support vehicle.
            ``(22) `space support vehicle' means a vehicle that is--
                ``(A) a launch vehicle;
                ``(B) a reentry vehicle; or
                ``(C) a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.''.
        (b) Special Rule for Certain Aircraft Operations.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 447, of title 49, United States Code,
        as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
        following:
    ``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.
        ``(a) In General.--The operator of an aircraft with a special
    airworthiness certification in the experimental category may--
            ``(1) operate the aircraft for the purpose of conducting a
        space support vehicle flight (as that term is defined in chapter
        50902 of title 51); and
            ``(2) conduct such flight under such certificate carrying
        persons or property for compensation or hire--
                ``(A) notwithstanding any rule or term of a certificate
            issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration that would prohibit flight for compensation or
            hire; or
                ``(B) without obtaining a certificate issued by the
            Administrator to conduct air carrier or commercial operations.
        ``(b) Limited Applicability.--Subsection (a) shall apply only to a
    space support vehicle flight that satisfies each of the following:
            ``(1) (1) The aircraft conducting the space support vehicle
        flight--
                ``(A) takes flight and lands at a single site that is
            operated by an entity licensed for operation under chapter 509
            of title 51;
                ``(B) is owned or operated by a launch or reentry vehicle
            operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 51, or on behalf
            of a launch or reentry vehicle operator licensed under chapter
            509 of title 51;
                ``(C) is a launch vehicle, a reentry vehicle, or a
            component of a launch or reentry vehicle licensed for
            operations pursuant to chapter 509 of title 51; and
                ``(D) is used only to simulate space flight conditions in
            support of--
                    ``(i) training for potential space flight participants,
                government astronauts, or crew (as those terms are defined
                in chapter 509 of title 51);
                    ``(ii) the testing of hardware to be used in space
                flight; or
                    ``(iii) research and development tasks, which require
                the unique capabilities of the aircraft conducting the
                flight.
        ``(c) Rules of Construction.--
            ``(1) Space support vehicles.--Section 44711(a)(1) shall not
        apply to a person conducting a space support vehicle flight under
        this section only to the extent that a term of the experimental
        certificate under which the person is operating the space support
        vehicle prohibits the carriage of persons or property for
        compensation or hire.
            ``(2) Authority of administrator.--Nothing in this section
        shall be construed to limit the authority of the Administrator of
        the Federal Aviation Administration to exempt a person from a
        regulatory prohibition on the carriage of persons or property for
        compensation or hire subject to terms and conditions other than
        those described in this section''.
            (2) Technical amendment.--The table of contents of 447 of title
        49, United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended
        by adding at the end the following:

    ``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.''.

            (3) Rule of construction relating to role of nasa.--Nothing in
        this subsection shall be construed as limiting the ability of
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to place
        conditions on or otherwise qualify the operations of NASA
        contractors providing NASA services.
        SEC. 582. PORTABILITY OF REPAIRMAN CERTIFICATES.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation
    Rulemaking Advisory Committee the task of making recommendations with
    respect to the regulatory and policy changes, as appropriate, to allow
    a repairman certificate issued under section 65.101 of title 14, Code
    of Federal Regulations, to be portable from one employing certificate
    holder to another.
        (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after
    receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator may
    take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with
    respect to those recommendations.
        SEC. 583. UNDECLARED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.
        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a
    public awareness campaign to reduce the amount of undeclared hazardous
    materials traveling through air commerce.
        (b) Campaign Requirements.--The public awareness campaign required
    under subsection (a) shall do the following:
            (1) Focus on targeting segments of the hazardous materials
        industry with high rates of undeclared shipments through air
        commerce and educate air carriers, shippers, manufacturers, and
        other relevant stakeholders of such segments on properly packaging
        and classifying such shipments.
            (2) Educate the public on proper ways to declare and ship
        hazardous materials, examples of everyday items that are considered
        hazardous materials, and penalties associated with intentional
        shipments of undeclared hazardous materials.
        (c) Interagency Working Group.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall
        establish an interagency working group to promote collaboration and
        engagement between the Department of Transportation and other
        relevant agencies, and develop recommendations and guidance on how
        best to conduct the public awareness campaign required under
        subsection (a).
            (2) Duties.--The interagency working group shall consult with
        relevant stakeholders, including cargo air carriers, passenger air
        carriers, and labor organizations representing pilots for cargo and
        passenger air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code
        of Federal Regulations.
        (d) Update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide to the
    appropriate committees of Congress an update on the status of the
    public awareness campaign required under subsection (a).
        SEC. 584. LIABILITY PROTECTION FOR VOLUNTEER PILOTS WHO FLY FOR THE
          PUBLIC BENEFIT.
        Section 4 of the Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 14503)
    is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) as subsections
        (c) through (g), respectively;
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``subsections (b) and (d)''
        and inserting ``subsections (b), (c), and (e)''; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
        ``(b) Liability Protection for Pilots That Fly for Public
    Benefit.--Except as provided in subsections (c) and (e), no volunteer
    of a volunteer pilot nonprofit organization that arranges flights for
    public benefit shall be liable for harm caused by an act or omission of
    the volunteer on behalf of the organization if, at the time of the act
    or omission, the volunteer--
            ``(1) was operating an aircraft in furtherance of the purpose
        of, and acting within the scope of the volunteer's responsibilities
        on behalf of, the nonprofit organization to provide patient and
        medical transport (including medical transport for veterans),
        disaster relief, humanitarian assistance, or other similar
        charitable missions;
            ``(2) was properly licensed and insured for the operation of
        the aircraft;
            ``(3) was in compliance with all requirements of the Federal
        Aviation Administration for recent flight experience; and
            ``(4) did not cause the harm through willful or criminal
        misconduct, gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or a conscious,
        flagrant indifference to the rights or safety of the individual
        harmed by the volunteer.''; and
            (4) in subsection (g)(2), as redesignated, by striking ``(e)''
        and inserting ``(f)''.

                          TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE
                         Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

        SEC. 601. STUDENT OUTREACH REPORT.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit
    to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes the
    Administration's existing outreach efforts, such as the STEM Aviation
    and Space Education Outreach Program, to elementary and secondary
    students who are interested in careers in science, technology,
    engineering, art, and mathematics--
            (1) to prepare and inspire such students for aviation and
        aeronautical careers; and
            (2) to mitigate an anticipated shortage of pilots and other
        aviation professionals.
        SEC. 602. YOUTH ACCESS TO AMERICAN JOBS IN AVIATION TASK FORCE.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall establish a Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force
    (in this section referred to as the ``Task Force'').
        (b) Duties.--Not later than 12 months after its establishment under
    subsection (a), the Task Force shall develop and submit to the
    Administrator recommendations and strategies for the Administration
    to--
            (1) facilitate and encourage high school students in the United
        States, beginning in their junior year, to enroll in and complete
        career and technical education courses, including STEM, that would
        prepare them to enroll in a course of study related to an aviation
        career at an institution of higher education, including a community
        college or trade school;
            (2) facilitate and encourage the students described in
        paragraph (1) to enroll in a course of study related to an aviation
        career, including aviation manufacturing, engineering and
        maintenance, at an institution of higher education, including a
        community college or trade school; and
            (3) identify and develop pathways for students who complete a
        course of study described in paragraph (2) to secure registered
        apprenticeships, workforce development programs, or careers in the
        aviation industry of the United States.
        (c) Considerations.--When developing recommendations and strategies
    under subsection (b), the Task Force shall--
            (1) identify industry trends that encourage or discourage youth
        in the United States from pursuing careers in aviation;
            (2) consider how the Administration; air carriers; aircraft,
        powerplant, and avionics manufacturers; aircraft repair stations;
        and other aviation stakeholders can coordinate efforts to support
        youth in pursuing careers in aviation;
            (3) identify methods of enhancing aviation apprenticeships, job
        skills training, mentorship, education, and outreach programs that
        are exclusive to youth in the United States; and
            (4) identify potential sources of government and private sector
        funding, including grants and scholarships, that may be used to
        carry out the recommendations and strategies described in
        subsection (b) and to support youth in pursuing careers in
        aviation.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 30 days after submission of the
    recommendations and strategies under subsection (b), the Task Force
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    outlining such recommendations and strategies.
        (e) Composition of Task Force.--The Administrator shall appoint
    members of the Task Force, including representatives from the
    following:
            (1) Air carriers.
            (2) Aircraft, powerplant, and avionics manufacturers.
            (3) Aircraft repair stations.
            (4) Local educational agencies or high schools.
            (5) Institutions of higher education, including community
        colleges and aviation trade schools.
            (6) Such other aviation and educational stakeholders and
        experts as the Administrator considers appropriate.
        (f) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Task
    Force for the duration of the existence of the Task Force.
        (g) Compensation.--Task Force members shall serve without
    compensation.
        (h) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate upon the submittal of
    the report pursuant to subsection (d).
        (i) Definition of STEM.--The term ``STEM'' means--
            (1) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; and
            (2) other career and technical education subjects that build on
        the subjects described in paragraph (1).

                         Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

        SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING WOMEN IN AVIATION.
        It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry should
    explore all opportunities, including pilot training, science,
    technology, engineering, and mathematics education, and mentorship
    programs, to encourage and support female students and aviators to
    pursue a career in aviation.
        SEC. 612. SUPPORTING WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE AVIATION FIELD.
        (a) Advisory Board.--To encourage women and girls to enter the
    field of aviation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall create and facilitate the Women in Aviation
    Advisory Board (referred to in this section as the ``Board''), with the
    objective of promoting organizations and programs that are providing
    education, training, mentorship, outreach, and recruitment of women
    into the aviation industry.
        (b) Composition.--The Board shall consist of members whose diverse
    background and expertise allow them to contribute balanced points of
    view and ideas regarding the strategies and objectives set forth in
    subsection (f).
        (c) Selection.--Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint members of the Board,
    including representatives from the following:
            (1) Major airlines and aerospace companies.
            (2) Nonprofit organizations within the aviation industry.
            (3) Aviation business associations.
            (4) Engineering business associations.
            (5) United States Air Force Auxiliary, Civil Air Patrol.
            (6) Institutions of higher education and aviation trade
        schools.
        (d) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Board
    for the duration of the existence of the Board.
        (e) Compensation.--Board members shall serve without compensation.
        (f) Duties.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Board shall present a comprehensive plan for
    strategies the Administration can take, which include the following
    objectives:
            (1) Identifying industry trends that directly or indirectly
        encourage or discourage women from pursuing careers in aviation.
            (2) Coordinating the efforts of airline companies, nonprofit
        organizations, and aviation and engineering associations to
        facilitate support for women pursuing careers in aviation.
            (3) Creating opportunities to expand existing scholarship
        opportunities for women in the aviation industry.
            (4) Enhancing aviation training, mentorship, education, and
        outreach programs that are exclusive to women.
        (g) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Board shall submit a report outlining
        the comprehensive plan for strategies pursuant to subsection (f) to
        the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress.
            (2) Availability online.--The Administrator shall make the
        report publicly available online and in print.
        (h) Sunset.--The Board shall terminate upon the submittal of the
    report pursuant to subsection (g).

                    Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

        SEC. 621. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE.
        (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) in 2016, United States air carriers carried a record high
        number of passengers on domestic flights, 719 million passengers;
            (2) the United States aerospace and defense industry employed
        1.7 million workers in 2015, or roughly 2 percent of the Nation's
        total employment base;
            (3) the average salary of an employee in the aerospace and
        defense industry is 44 percent above the national average;
            (4) in 2015, the aerospace and defense industry contributed
        nearly $202.4 billion in value added to the United States economy;
            (5) an effective aviation industry relies on individuals with
        unique skill sets, many of which can be directly obtained through
        career and technical education opportunities; and
            (6) industry and the Federal Government have taken some actions
        to attract qualified individuals to careers in aviation and
        aerospace and to retain qualified individuals in such careers.
        (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) public and private education institutions should make
        available to students and parents information on approved programs
        of study and career pathways, including career exploration, work-
        based learning opportunities, dual and concurrent enrollment
        opportunities, and guidance and advisement resources;
            (2) public and private education institutions should partner
        with aviation and aerospace companies to promote career paths
        available within the industry and share information on the unique
        benefits and opportunities the career paths offer;
            (3) aviation companies, including air carriers, manufacturers,
        commercial space companies, unmanned aircraft system companies, and
        repair stations, should create opportunities, through
        apprenticeships or other mechanisms, to attract young people to
        aviation and aerospace careers and to enable individuals to gain
        the critical skills needed to thrive in such professions; and
            (4) the Federal Government should consider the needs of men and
        women interested in pursuing careers in the aviation and aerospace
        industry, the long-term personnel needs of the aviation and
        aerospace industry, and the role of aviation in the United States
        economy in the creation and administration of educational and
        financial aid programs.
        SEC. 622. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE STUDY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
    initiate a study--
            (1) to evaluate the current and future supply of individuals in
        the aviation and aerospace workforce;
            (2) to identify the factors influencing the supply of
        individuals pursuing a career in the aviation or aerospace
        industry, including barriers to entry into the workforce; and
            (3) to identify methods to increase the future supply of
        individuals in the aviation and aerospace workforce, including best
        practices or programs to incentivize, recruit, and retain young
        people in aviation and aerospace professions.
        (b) Consultation.--The Comptroller General shall conduct the study
    in consultation with--
            (1) appropriate Federal agencies; and
            (2) the aviation and aerospace industry, institutions of higher
        education, and labor stakeholders.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the study
    and related recommendations.
        SEC. 623. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HIRING VETERANS.
        It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry, including
    certificate holders under parts 121, 135, and 145 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, should hire more of the Nation's veterans.
        SEC. 624. AVIATION MAINTENANCE INDUSTRY TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.
        (a) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall issue a final rule to modernize training programs
    at aviation maintenance technician schools governed by part 147 of
    title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with government,
    educational institutions, labor organizations representing aviation
    maintenance workers, and businesses to develop and publish guidance or
    model curricula for aviation maintenance technician schools referred to
    in subsection (a) to ensure workforce readiness for industry needs,
    including curricula related to training in avionics, troubleshooting,
    and other areas of industry needs.
        (c) Review and Periodic Updates.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) ensure training programs referred to in subsection (a) are
        revised and updated in correlation with aviation maintenance
        technician airman certification standards as necessary to reflect
        current technology and maintenance practices; and
            (2) publish updates to the guidance or model curricula required
        under subsection (b) at least once every 2 years, as necessary,
        from the date of initial publication.
        (d) Report to Congress.--If the Administrator does not issue such
    final rule by the deadline specified in subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall, not later than 30 days after such deadline, submit
    to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing--
            (1) an explanation as to why such final rule was not issued by
        such deadline; and
            (2) a schedule for issuing such final rule.
        (e) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study on technical workers in the aviation maintenance
    industry.
        (f) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (e), the
    Comptroller General shall--
            (1) analyze the current Standard Occupational Classification
        system with regard to the aviation profession, particularly
        technical workers in the aviation maintenance industry;
            (2) analyze how changes to the Federal employment
        classification of aviation maintenance industry workers might
        affect government data on unemployment rates and wages;
            (3) analyze how changes to the Federal employment
        classification of aviation maintenance industry workers might
        affect projections for future aviation maintenance industry
        workforce needs and project technical worker shortfalls;
            (4) analyze the impact of Federal regulation, including Federal
        Aviation Administration oversight of certification, testing, and
        education programs, on employment of technical workers in the
        aviation maintenance industry;
            (5) develop recommendations on how Federal Aviation
        Administration regulations and policies could be improved to
        modernize training programs at aviation maintenance technical
        schools and address aviation maintenance industry needs for
        technical workers;
            (6) develop recommendations for better coordinating actions by
        government, educational institutions, and businesses to support
        workforce growth in the aviation maintenance industry; and
            (7) develop recommendations for addressing the needs for
        government funding, private investment, equipment for training
        purposes, and other resources necessary to strengthen existing
        training programs or develop new training programs to support
        workforce growth in the aviation industry.
        (g) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
        (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Aviation maintenance industry.--The term ``aviation
        maintenance industry'' means repair stations certificated under
        part 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (2) Technical worker.--The term ``technical worker'' means an
        individual authorized under part 43 of title 14, Code of Federal
        Regulations, to maintain, rebuild, alter, or perform preventive
        maintenance on an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller,
        appliance, or component part or employed by an entity so authorized
        to perform such a function.
        SEC. 625. AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.
        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish--
            (1) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to
        support the education of future aircraft pilots and the development
        of the aircraft pilot workforce; and
            (2) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to
        support the education and recruitment of aviation maintenance
        technical workers and the development of the aviation maintenance
        workforce.
        (b) Project Grants.--
            (1) In general.--Out of amounts made available under section
        48105 of title 49, United States Code, not more than $5,000,000 for
        each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 is authorized to be expended
        to provide grants under the program established under subsection
        (a)(1), and $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023
        is authorized to provide grants under the program established under
        subsection (a)(2).
            (2) Dollar amount limit.--Not more than $500,000 shall be
        available for any 1 grant in any 1 fiscal year under the programs
        established under subsection (a).
        (c) Eligible Applications.--
            (1) An application for a grant under the program established
        under subsection (a)(1) shall be submitted, in such form as the
        Secretary may specify, by--
                (A) an air carrier, as defined in section 40102 of title
            49, United States Code, or a labor organization representing
            aircraft pilots;
                (B) an accredited institution of higher education (as
            defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
            U.S.C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary school (as defined
            in section 7801 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
            7801));
                (C) a flight school that provides flight training, as
            defined in part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or
            that holds a pilot school certificate under part 141 of title
            14, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                (D) a State or local governmental entity.
            (2) An application for a grant under the pilot program
        established under subsection (a)(2) shall be submitted, in such
        form as the Secretary may specify, by--
                (A) a holder of a certificate issued under part 21, 121,
            135, or 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations or a labor
            organization representing aviation maintenance workers;
                (B) an accredited institution of higher education (as
            defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
            U.S.C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary school (as defined
            in section 7801 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
            of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801); and
                (C) a State or local governmental entity.
        (d) Eligible Projects.--
            (1) For purposes of the program established under subsection
        (a)(1), an eligible project is a project--
                (A) to create and deliver curriculum designed to provide
            high school students with meaningful aviation education that is
            designed to prepare the students to become aircraft pilots,
            aerospace engineers, or unmanned aircraft systems operators; or
                (B) to support the professional development of teachers
            using the curriculum described in subparagraph (A).
            (2) For purposes of the pilot program established under
        subsection (a)(2), an eligible project is a project--
                (A) to establish new educational programs that teach
            technical skills used in aviation maintenance, including
            purchasing equipment, or to improve existing such programs;
                (B) to establish scholarships or apprenticeships for
            individuals pursuing employment in the aviation maintenance
            industry;
                (C) to support outreach about careers in the aviation
            maintenance industry to--
                    (i) primary, secondary, and post-secondary school
                students; or
                    (ii) to communities underrepresented in the industry;
                (D) to support educational opportunities related to
            aviation maintenance in economically disadvantaged geographic
            areas;
                (E) to support transition to careers in aviation
            maintenance, including for members of the Armed Forces; or
                (F) to otherwise enhance aviation maintenance technical
            education or the aviation maintenance industry workforce.
        (e) Grant Application Review.--In reviewing and selecting
    applications for grants under the programs established under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) prior to selecting among competing applications, consult,
        as appropriate, with representatives of aircraft repair stations,
        design and production approval holders, air carriers, labor
        organizations, business aviation, general aviation, educational
        institutions, and other relevant aviation sectors; and
            (2) ensure that the applications selected for projects
        established under subsection (a)(1) will allow participation from a
        diverse collection of public and private schools in rural,
        suburban, and urban areas.

                Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

        SEC. 631. COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN
          SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TRAINING.
        (a) Designation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation
    with the Secretary of Education and the Secretary of Labor, shall
    establish a process to designate consortia of public, 2-year
    institutions of higher education as Community and Technical College
    Centers of Excellence in Small Unmanned Aircraft System Technology
    Training (in this section referred to as the ``Centers of
    Excellence'').
        (b) Functions.--A Center of Excellence designated under subsection
    (a) shall have the capacity to train students for career opportunities
    in industry and government service related to the use of small unmanned
    aircraft systems.
        (c) Education and Training Requirements.--In order to be designated
    as a Center of Excellence under subsection (a), a consortium shall be
    able to address education and training requirements associated with
    various types of small unmanned aircraft systems, components, and
    related equipment, including with respect to--
            (1) multirotor and fixed-wing small unmanned aircraft;
            (2) flight systems, radio controllers, components, and
        characteristics of such aircraft;
            (3) routine maintenance, uses and applications, privacy
        concerns, safety, and insurance for such aircraft;
            (4) hands-on flight practice using small unmanned aircraft
        systems and computer simulator training;
            (5) use of small unmanned aircraft systems in various industry
        applications and local, State, and Federal government programs and
        services, including in agriculture, law enforcement, monitoring oil
        and gas pipelines, natural disaster response and recovery, fire and
        emergency services, and other emerging areas;
            (6) Federal policies concerning small unmanned aircraft;
            (7) dual credit programs to deliver small unmanned aircraft
        training opportunities to secondary school students; or
            (8) training with respect to sensors and the processing,
        analyzing, and visualizing of data collected by small unmanned
        aircraft.
        (d) Collaboration.--Each Center of Excellence shall seek to
    collaborate with institutions participating in the Alliance for System
    Safety of UAS through Research Excellence of the Federal Aviation
    Administration and with the test ranges defined under section 44801 of
    title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
        (e) Institution of Higher Education.--In this section, the term
    ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the term in
    section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
        SEC. 632. COLLEGIATE TRAINING INITIATIVE PROGRAM FOR UNMANNED
          AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a collegiate training initiative program
    relating to unmanned aircraft systems by making new agreements or
    continuing existing agreements with institutions of higher education
    (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
    U.S.C. 1001)) under which the institutions prepare students for careers
    involving unmanned aircraft systems. The Administrator may establish
    standards for the entry of such institutions into the program and for
    their continued participation in the program.
        (b) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term by section
    44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

                           TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT
                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

        SEC. 701. SHORT TITLE.
        This title may be cited as the ``FAA Leadership in Groundbreaking
    High-Tech Research and Development Act'' or the ``FLIGHT R&D Act''.
        SEC. 702. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation
        Administration.
            (3) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics and
        Space Administration.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of
        Transportation.
        SEC. 703. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
        (a) Authorizations.--Section 48102(a) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``and,
        for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015, under subsection (g)'';
            (2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
            (3) by striking paragraph (10) and inserting the following:
            ``(10) $189,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(11) $194,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(12) $199,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(13) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(14) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(15) $214,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
        (b) Research Priorities.--Section 48102(b) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``consider'' and inserting
        ``prioritize safety in considering'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (3);
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) As safety related activities shall be the highest
        research priority, at least 70 percent of the amount appropriated
        under subsection (a) of this section shall be for safety research
        and development projects.''.
        (c) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--
    Section 48102(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(g) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--
    The Administrator shall submit the national aviation research plan to
    Congress no later than the date of submission of the President's budget
    request to Congress for that fiscal year, as required under section
    44501(c).''.

             Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

        SEC. 711. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
        (a) Appointment.--Not later than 3 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint an Assistant
    Administrator for Research and Development.
        (b) Responsibilities.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and
    Development shall, at a minimum, be responsible for--
            (1) management and oversight of all the FAA's research and
        development programs and activities; and
            (2) production of all congressional reports from the FAA
        relevant to research and development, including the national
        aviation research plan required under section 44501(c) of title 49,
        United States Code.
        (c) Dual Appointment.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and
    Development may be a dual-appointment, holding the responsibilities of
    another Assistant Administrator.
        SEC. 712. RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
        (a) Advice and Recommendations.--Section 44508(a)(1)(A) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(A) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator
        of the Federal Aviation Administration and Congress about needs,
        objectives, plans, approaches, content, and accomplishments of all
        aviation research and development activities and programs carried
        out, including those under sections 40119, 44504, 44505, 44507,
        44511-44513, and 44912 of this title;''.
        (b) Written Reply to Research Advisory Committee.--Section 44508 of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(f) Written Reply.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after receiving any
        recommendation from the research advisory committee, the
        Administrator shall provide a written reply to the research
        advisory committee that, at a minimum--
                ``(A) clearly states whether the Administrator accepts or
            rejects the recommendation;
                ``(B) explains the rationale for the Administrator's
            decision;
                ``(C) sets forth the timeframe in which the Administrator
            will implement the recommendation; and
                ``(D) describes the steps the Administrator will take to
            implement the recommendation.
            ``(2) Transparency.--The written reply to the research advisory
        committee, when transmitted to the research advisory committee,
        shall be--
                ``(A) made publicly available on the research advisory
            committee website; and
                ``(B) transmitted to the Committee on Science, Space, and
            Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
            Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
            ``(3) National aviation research plan.--The national aviation
        research plan required under section 44501(c) shall include a
        summary of all research advisory committee recommendations and a
        description of the status of their implementation.''.

                     Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

        SEC. 721. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
          ROADMAP.
        The Secretary shall submit the unmanned aircraft systems roadmap to
    Congress on an annual basis as required under section 48802(a) of title
    49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

            Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

        SEC. 731. CYBER TESTBED.
        Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall develop an integrated Cyber Testbed for
    research, development, evaluation, and validation of air traffic
    control modernization technologies, before they enter the national
    airspace system, as being compliant with FAA data security regulations.
    The Cyber Testbed shall be part of an integrated research and
    development test environment capable of creating, identifying,
    defending, and solving cybersecurity-related problems for the national
    airspace system. This integrated test environment shall incorporate
    integrated test capacities within the FAA related to the national
    airspace system and NextGen.
        SEC. 732. STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF EXTREME WEATHER ON AIR TRAVEL.
        (a) Study Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and
    Atmospheric Administration and the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall jointly complete a study on the effect of
    extreme weather on commercial air travel.
        (b) Elements.--The study required by subsection (a) shall include
    assessment of the following:
            (1) Whether extreme weather may result in an increase in
        turbulence.
            (2) The effect of extreme weather on current commercial air
        routes.
            (3) The effect of extreme weather on domestic airports, air
        traffic control facilities, and associated facilities.

              Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

        SEC. 741. RESEARCH PLAN FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES
          INTO THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator, in consultation with NASA, shall transmit a
    comprehensive research plan for the certification of new technologies
    into the national airspace system to the Committee on Science, Space,
    and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. This plan shall
    identify research necessary to support the certification and
    implementation of NextGen, including both ground and air elements, and
    explain the plan's relationship to other activities and procedures
    required for certification and implementation of new technologies into
    the national airspace system. This plan shall be informed by the
    recommendations of the National Research Council report titled
    ``Transformation in the Air--A Review of the FAA Research Plan'',
    issued on June 8, 2015. This plan shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) a description of the strategic and prescriptive value of
        the research plan;
            (2) an explanation of the expected outcomes from executing the
        plan;
            (3) an assessment of the FAA's plan to use research and
        development to improve cybersecurity over the next 5 years;
            (4) an assessment of the current software assurance practices,
        and the desired level or attributes to target in the software
        assurance program; and
            (5) best practices in research and development used by other
        organizations, such as NASA, NavCanada, and Eurocontrol.
        SEC. 742. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.
        (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration, in coordination with the Administrator of the
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall conduct a
        review of current and planned research on the use of advanced
        aircraft technologies, innovative materials, alternative fuels,
        additive manufacturing, and novel aircraft designs, to increase
        aircraft fuel efficiency.
            (2) Summaries.--The review conducted under paragraph (1) shall
        include summaries of projects and missions to examine--
                (A) the effectiveness of such technologies, materials,
            fuels, and aircraft designs to enhance fuel efficiency and
            aerodynamic performance, and reduce drag, weight, noise, and
            fuel consumption; and
                (B) the potential for novel flight pattern planning and
            communications systems to reduce aircraft taxiing and airport
            circling.
            (3) Recommendations.--The review conducted under paragraph (1)
        shall identify potential opportunities for additional research and
        development, public or private, to increase aircraft fuel
        efficiency.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a).
        SEC. 743. CLEEN AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP.
        (a) Cooperative Agreement.--Subchapter I of chapter 475 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall enter into a cost-sharing cooperative agreement,
    using a competitive process, with institutions, entities, or
    consortiums to carry out a program for the development, maturation, and
    testing of certifiable CLEEN aircraft, engine technologies, and jet
    fuels for civil subsonic airplanes.
        ``(b) CLEEN Engine and Airframe Technology Defined.--In this
    section, the term `CLEEN aircraft and engine technology' means
    continuous lower energy, emissions, and noise aircraft and engine
    technology.
        ``(c) Performance Objective.--The Administrator shall establish the
    performance objectives for the program in terms of the specific
    objectives to reduce fuel burn, emissions and noise.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents of
    subchapter I of chapter 475 is amended by inserting after the item
    relating to section 47510 the following:

    ``47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership.''.
        SEC. 744. RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN AIRFIELD PAVEMENT
          TECHNOLOGIES.
        Using amounts made available under section 48102(a) of title 49,
    United States Code, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration may carry out a program for the research and development
    of aircraft pavement technologies under which the Administrator makes
    grants to, and enters into cooperative agreements with, institutions of
    higher education and nonprofit organizations that--
            (1) research concrete and asphalt airfield pavement
        technologies that extend the life of airfield pavements;
            (2) develop and conduct training;
            (3) provide for demonstration projects; and
            (4) promote the latest airfield pavement technologies to aid in
        the development of safer, more cost effective, and more durable
        airfield pavements.

                          Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

        SEC. 751. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.
        (a) Short Title.--This subtitle may be cited as the ``Geospatial
    Data Act of 2018''.
        (b) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) open and publicly available data is essential to the
        successful operation of the GeoPlatform;
            (2) the private sector in the United States, for the purposes
        of acquiring and producing quality geospatial data and geospatial
        data services, has been and continues to be invaluable in carrying
        out the varying missions of Federal departments and agencies, as
        well as contributing positively to the United States economy; and
            (3) over the last 2 decades, Congress has passed legislation
        that promotes greater access and use of Government information and
        data, which has--
                (A) sparked new, innovative start-ups and services;
                (B) spurred economic growth in many sectors, such as in the
            geospatial services;
                (C) advanced scientific research;
                (D) promoted public access to Federally funded services and
            data; and
                (E) improved access to geospatial data for the purposes of
            promoting public health, weather forecasting, economic
            development, environmental protection, flood zone research, and
            other purposes.
        SEC. 752. DEFINITIONS.
        In this subtitle--
            (1) the term ``Advisory Committee'' means the National
        Geospatial Advisory Committee established under section 754(a);
            (2) the term ``Committee'' means the Federal Geographic Data
        Committee established under section 753(a);
            (3) the term ``covered agency''--
                (A) means--
                    (i) an Executive department, as defined in section 101
                of title 5, United States Code, that collects, produces,
                acquires, maintains, distributes, uses, or preserves
                geospatial data on paper or in electronic form to fulfill
                the mission of the Executive department, either directly or
                through a relationship with another organization, including
                a State, local government, Indian tribe, institution of
                higher education, business partner or contractor of the
                Federal Government, and the public;
                    (ii) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
                or
                    (iii) the General Services Administration; and
                (B) does not include the Department of Defense (including
            30 components and agencies performing national missions) or any
            element of the intelligence community;
            (4) the term ``GeoPlatform'' means the GeoPlatform described in
        section 758(a);
            (5) the term ``geospatial data''--
                (A) means information that is tied to a location on the
            Earth, including by identifying the geographic location and
            characteristics of natural or constructed features and
            boundaries on the Earth, and that is generally represented in
            vector datasets by points, lines, polygons, or other complex
            geographic features or phenomena;
                (B) may be derived from, among other things, remote
            sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies;
                (C) includes images and raster datasets, aerial
            photographs, and other forms of geospatial data or datasets in
            digitized or non-digitized form; and
                (D) does not include--
                    (i) geospatial data and activities of an Indian tribe
                not carried out, in whole or in part, using Federal funds,
                as determined by the tribal government;
                    (ii) classified national security-related geospatial
                data and activities of the Department of Defense, unless
                declassified;
                    (iii) classified national security-related geospatial
                data and activities of the Department of Energy, unless
                declassified;
                    (iv) geospatial data and activities under chapter 22 of
                title 10, United States Code, or section 110 of the
                National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3045);
                    (v) intelligence geospatial data and activities, as
                determined by the Director of National Intelligence; or
                    (vi) certain declassified national security-related
                geospatial data and activities of the intelligence
                community, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, the
                Secretary of Energy, or the Director of National
                Intelligence;
            (6) the term ``Indian tribe'' has the meaning given that term
        under section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education
        Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b);
            (7) the term ``institution of higher education'' has the
        meaning given that term under section 102 of the Higher Education
        Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002);
            (8) the term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning given
        that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50
        U.S.C. 3003);
            (9) the term ``lead covered agency'' means a lead covered
        agency for a National Geospatial Data Asset data theme designated
        under section 756(b)(1);
            (10) the term ``local government'' means any city, county,
        township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose
        political subdivision of a State;
            (11) the term ``metadata for geospatial data'' means
        information about geospatial data, including the content, source,
        vintage, accuracy, condition, projection, method of collection, and
        other characteristics or descriptions of the geospatial data;
            (12) the term ``National Geospatial Data Asset data theme''
        means the National Geospatial Data Asset core geospatial datasets
        (including electronic records and coordinates) relating to a topic
        or subject designated under section 756;
            (13) the term ``National Spatial Data Infrastructure'' means
        the technology, policies, criteria, standards, and employees
        necessary to promote geospatial data sharing throughout the Federal
        Government, State, tribal, and local governments, and the private
        sector (including nonprofit organizations and institutions of
        higher education); and
            (14) the term ``proven practices'' means methods and activities
        that advance the use of geospatial data for the benefit of society.
        SEC. 753. FEDERAL GEOGRAPHIC DATA COMMITTEE.
        (a) In General.--There is established within the Department of the
    Interior an interagency committee to be known as the Federal Geographic
    Data Committee, which shall act as the lead entity in the executive
    branch for the development, implementation, and review of policies,
    practices, and standards relating to geospatial data.
        (b) Membership.--
            (1) Chairperson and vice chairperson.--The Secretary of the
        Interior and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget
        shall serve as Chairperson of the Committee and Vice Chairperson of
        the Committee, respectively.
            (2) Other members.--
                (A) In general.--The head of each covered agency and the
            Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency shall
            each designate a representative of their respective agency to
            serve as a member of the Committee.
                (B) Requirement for appointments.--An officer appointed to
            serve as a member of the Committee shall hold a position as an
            assistant secretary, or an equivalent position, or a higher
            ranking position.
            (3) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and as needed thereafter, the Director of
        the Office of Management and Budget shall update guidance with
        respect to membership of the Committee and the roles of members of
        the Committee.
        (c) Duties.--The Committee shall--
            (1) lead the development and management of and operational
        decision making for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure
        strategic plan and geospatial data policy in accordance with
        section 755;
            (2) designate National Geospatial Data Asset data themes and
        oversee the coordinated management of the National Geospatial Data
        Asset data themes in accordance with section 756;
            (3) establish and maintain geospatial data standards in
        accordance with section 757;
            (4) periodically review and determine the extent to which
        covered agencies comply with geospatial data standards;
            (5) ensure that the GeoPlatform operates in accordance with
        section 758;
            (6) direct and facilitate national implementation of the system
        of National Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
            (7) communicate with and foster communication among covered
        agencies and other entities and individuals relating to geospatial
        data technology development, transfer, and exchange in order to--
                (A) identify and meet the needs of users of geospatial
            data;
                (B) promote cost-effective data collection, documentation,
            maintenance, distribution, and preservation strategies; and
                (C) leverage Federal and non-Federal resources, such as
            promoting Federal shared services and cross-agency coordination
            for marketplace solutions;
            (8) define roles and responsibilities and promote and guide
        cooperation and coordination among agencies of the Federal
        Government, State, tribal, and local governments, institutions of
        higher education, and the private sector in the collection,
        production, sharing, and use of geospatial information, the
        implementation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, and the
        identification of proven practices;
            (9) coordinate with international organizations having an
        interest in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure or global
        spatial data infrastructures;
            (10) make available online and update at least annually--
                (A) a summary of the status for each National Geospatial
            Data Asset data theme, based on the report submitted by the
            applicable lead covered agency under section
            756(b)(3)(E)(ii)(I), which shall include--
                    (i) an evaluation of the progress of each lead covered
                agency in achieving the requirements under subparagraphs
                (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 756(b)(3); and
                    (ii) a determination of whether, for each of
                subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 756(b)(3),
                each lead covered agency meets expectations, has made
                progress toward expectations, or fails to meet
                expectations;
                (B) a summary and evaluation of the achievements of each
            covered agency, based on the annual report submitted by the
            covered agency under section 759(b)(1), which shall include a
            determination of whether the covered agency meets expectations,
            has made progress toward expectations, or fails to meet
            expectations for each of paragraphs (1) through (13) of section
            759(a);
                (C) a collection of periodic technical publications,
            management articles, and reports related to the National
            Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
                (D) a membership directory for the Committee, including
            identifying members of any subcommittee or working group of the
            Committee;
            (11)(A) make available to and request comments from the
        Advisory Committee regarding the summaries and evaluations required
        under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10);
            (B) if requested by the Advisory Committee, respond to any
        comments by the Advisory Committee; and
            (C) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a
        report that includes the summaries and evaluations required under
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10), the comments of the
        Advisory Committee, and the responses of the Committee to the
        comments;
            (12)(A) make available to and request comments from covered
        agencies regarding the summaries and evaluations required under
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10); and
            (B) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a
        report that includes the comments of the covered agencies and the
        responses of the Committee to the comments; and
            (13) support and promote the infrastructure of networks,
        systems, services, and standards that provide a digital
        representation of the Earth to users for many applications.
        (d) Staff Support.--The Committee shall establish an Office of the
    Secretariat within the Department of the Interior to provide
    administrative support, strategic planning, funding, and technical
    support to the Committee.
        SEC. 754. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
        (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Interior shall establish
    within the Department of the Interior the National Geospatial Advisory
    Committee to provide advice and recommendations to the Chairperson of
    the Committee.
        (b) Membership.--
            (1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of
        not more than 30 members, at least one of which will be from the
        National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, who shall--
                (A) be appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee;
                (B) be selected--
                    (i) to generally achieve a balanced representation of
                the viewpoints of various interested parties involved in
                national geospatial activities and the development of the
                National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
                    (ii) with consideration of a geographic balance of
                residence of the members; and
                (C) be selected from among groups involved in the
            geospatial community, including--
                    (i) States;
                    (ii) local governments;
                    (iii) regional governments;
                    (iv) tribal governments;
                    (v) private sector entities;
                    (vi) geospatial information user industries;
                    (vii) professional associations;
                    (viii) scholarly associations;
                    (ix) nonprofit organizations;
                    (x) academia;
                    (xi) licensed geospatial data acquisition
                professionals; and
                    (xii) the Federal Government.
            (2) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall
        appoint the Chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Period of appointment; vacancies.--
                (A) In general.--Members shall be appointed for a term of 3
            years, with the term of \1/3\ of the members expiring each
            year.
                (B) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall
            not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner
            as the original appointment.
            (4) Limit on terms.--Except for the member from the National
        Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, an individual--
                (A) may not be appointed to more than 2 consecutive terms
            as a member of the Advisory Committee; and
                (B) after serving for 2 consecutive terms, is eligible to
            be appointed as a member of the Advisory Committee on and after
            the date that is 2 years after the end of the second
            consecutive term of the individual as a member of the Advisory
            Committee.
            (5) Ethical requirements.--A member of the Advisory Committee
        may not participate in any specific-party matter (including a
        lease, license, permit, contract, claim, agreement, or related
        litigation) with the Department of the Interior in which the member
        has a direct financial interest.
            (6) Incumbents.--
                (A) In general.--An individual serving on the day before
            the date of enactment of this Act as a member of the National
            Geospatial Advisory Committee established by the Secretary of
            the Interior may serve as a member of the Advisory Committee
            until the end of the term of the individual under the
            appointment.
                (B) Limit on terms.--Any period of service as a member of
            the National Geospatial Advisory Committee established by the
            Secretary of the Interior shall be considered a period of
            service as a member of the Advisory Committee for purposes of
            paragraph (4).
        (c) Subcommittees.--A subcommittee of the Advisory Committee--
            (1) may be formed for the purposes of compiling information or
        conducting research;
            (2) shall be composed of members appointed by the Chairperson
        of the Advisory Committee;
            (3) shall act under the direction of the Chairperson of the
        Advisory Committee and the officer or employee designated under
        section 10(e) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.)
        with respect to the Advisory Committee;
            (4) shall report the recommendations of the subcommittee to the
        Advisory Committee for consideration; and
            (5) shall meet as necessary to accomplish the objectives of the
        subcommittee, subject to the approval of the Chairperson of the
        Advisory Committee and the availability of resources.
        (d) Meetings.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call
        of the Chairperson, not less than 1 time each year and not more
        than 4 times each year.
            (2) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Advisory
        Committee shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members
        may hold meetings or hearings.
        (e) Duties of the Advisory Committee.--The Advisory Committee
    shall--
            (1) provide advice and recommendations relating to--
                (A) the management of Federal and national geospatial
            programs;
                (B) the development of the National Spatial Data
            Infrastructure; and
                (C) implementation of this subtitle;
            (2) review and comment on geospatial policy and management
        issues; and
            (3) ensure the views of representatives of non-Federal
        interested parties involved in national geospatial activities are
        conveyed to the Committee.
        (f) Powers of the Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Meetings.--The Advisory Committee may hold meetings (which
        shall be open to the public) and sit and act at such times and
        places as the Advisory Committee considers advisable to carry out
        this subtitle.
            (2) Information from covered agencies.--
                (A) In general.--The Advisory Committee, with the
            concurrence of the Chairperson of the Committee, may secure
            directly from any covered agency such information as the
            Advisory Committee considers necessary to carry out this
            subtitle. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Advisory
            Committee, the head of such agency shall furnish such
            information to the Advisory Committee.
                (B) Noncooperation.--The Advisory Committee shall include
            in the comments of the Advisory Committee submitted under
            section 753(c)(11) a discussion of any failure by a covered
            agency to furnish information in response to a request under
            subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
            (3) Postal services.--The Advisory Committee may use the United
        States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as
        other agencies of the Federal Government.
        (g) Advisory Committee Personnel Matters.--
            (1) No compensation of members.--
                (A) Non-federal employees.--A member of the Advisory
            Committee who is not an officer or employee of the Federal
            Government shall serve without compensation.
                (B) Federal employees.--A member of the Advisory Committee
            who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall
            serve without compensation in addition to the compensation
            received for the services of the member as an officer or
            employee of the Federal Government.
            (2) Travel expenses.--The members of the Advisory Committee
        shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
        subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under
        subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while
        away from their homes or regular places of business in the
        performance of services for the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government
        employee may be detailed to the Committee to support the Advisory
        Committee without reimbursement, and such detail shall be without
        interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.
            (4) Staff support.--The Office of the Secretariat established
        by the Committee under section 753(d) shall provide administrative
        support to the Advisory Committee.
        (h) Applicability of FACA.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
        Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall apply to the
        Advisory Committee.
            (2) No termination.--Section 14(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory
        Committee.
        (i) Termination.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
        Advisory Committee shall terminate 10 years after the date of
        enactment of this Act.
            (2) Continuation.--The Advisory Committee may be continued for
        successive 10-year periods by action taken by the Secretary of the
        Interior to renew the Advisory Committee before the date on which
        the Advisory Committee would otherwise terminate.
        SEC. 755. NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE.
        (a) In General.--The National Spatial Data Infrastructure shall
    ensure that geospatial data from multiple sources (including the
    covered agencies, State, local, and tribal governments, the private
    sector, and institutions of higher education) is available and easily
    integrated to enhance the understanding of the physical and cultural
    world.
        (b) Goals.--The goals of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure
    are to--
            (1) ensure--
                (A) that geospatial data are reviewed prior to disclosure
            to ensure--
                    (i) compliance with section 552a of title 5 (commonly
                known as the ``Privacy Act of 1974''); and
                    (ii) that personally identifiable information is not
                disclosed, which shall include an assessment of re-
                identification risk when determining what data constitute
                personally identifiable information;
                (B) that geospatial data are designed to enhance the
            accuracy of statistical information, both in raw form and in
            derived information products;
                (C) free and open access for the public to geospatial data,
            information, and interpretive products, in accordance with
            Office of Management and Budget Circular A-130, or any
            successor thereto;
                (D) the protection of proprietary interests related to
            licensed information and data; and
                (E) the interoperability and sharing capabilities of
            Federal information systems and data to enable the drawing of
            resources from covered agencies and partners of covered
            agencies; and
            (2) support and advance the establishment of a Global Spatial
        Data Infrastructure, consistent with national security, national
        defense, national intelligence, and international trade
        requirements, including ensuring that covered agencies develop
        international geospatial data in accordance with international
        voluntary consensus standards, as defined in Office of Management
        and Budget Circular A-119, or any successor thereto.
        (c) Strategic Plan.--The Committee shall prepare and maintain a
    strategic plan for the development and implementation of the National
    Spatial Data Infrastructure in a manner consistent with national
    security, national defense, and emergency preparedness program policies
    regarding data accessibility.
        (d) Advisory Role.--The Committee shall advise Federal and non-
    Federal users of geospatial data on their responsibilities relating to
    implementation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
        SEC. 756. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL DATA ASSET DATA THEMES.
        (a) In General.--The Committee shall designate as National
    Geospatial Data Asset data themes the primary topics and subjects for
    which the coordinated development, maintenance, and dissemination of
    geospatial data will benefit the Federal Government and the interests
    of the people of the United States, which shall--
            (1) be representations of conceptual topics describing digital
        spatial information for the Nation; and
            (2) contain associated datasets (with attribute records and
        coordinates)--
                (A) that are documented, verifiable, and officially
            designated to meet recognized standards;
                (B) that may be used in common; and
                (C) from which other datasets may be derived.
        (b) Lead Covered Agencies.--
            (1) In general.--For each National Geospatial Data Asset data
        theme, the Committee shall designate one or more covered agencies
        as the lead covered agencies for the National Geospatial Data Asset
        data theme.
            (2) General responsibility.--The lead covered agencies for a
        National Geospatial Data Asset data theme shall be responsible for
        ensuring the coordinated management of the data, supporting
        resources (including technology and personnel), and related
        services and products of the National Geospatial Data Asset data
        theme.
            (3) Specific responsibilities.--To assist in fulfilling the
        responsibilities under paragraph (2) with respect to a National
        Geospatial Data Asset data theme, the lead covered agencies shall--
                (A) provide leadership and facilitate the development and
            implementation of geospatial data standards for the National
            Geospatial Data Asset data theme, with a particular emphasis on
            a data content standard for the National Geospatial Data Asset
            data theme, including by--
                    (i) assessing existing standards;
                    (ii) identifying anticipated or needed data standards;
                and
                    (iii) developing a plan to originate and implement
                needed standards with relevant community and international
                practices--

                        (I) in accordance with Office of Management and
                    Budget Circular A-119, or any successor thereto; and
                        (II) consistent with or as a part of the plan
                    described in subparagraph (B);

                (B) provide leadership and facilitate the development and
            implementation of a plan for nationwide population of the
            National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which shall--
                    (i) include developing partnership programs with
                States, Indian tribes, institutions of higher education,
                private sector entities, other Federal agencies, and local
                governments;
                    (ii) meet the needs of users of geospatial data;
                    (iii) address human and financial resource needs;
                    (iv) identify needs relating to standards, metadata for
                geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset
                data theme, and the GeoPlatform; and
                    (v) expedite the development of necessary National
                Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
                (C) establish goals that support the strategic plan for the
            National Spatial Data Infrastructure prepared under section
            755(c);
                (D) as necessary, collect and analyze information from
            users of geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data
            Asset data theme regarding the needs of the users for
            geospatial data and incorporate the needs of users in
            strategies relating to the National Geospatial Data Asset data
            theme; and
                (E) as part of administering the National Geospatial Data
            Asset data theme--
                    (i) designate a point of contact within the lead
                covered agency who shall be responsible for developing,
                maintaining, coordination relating to, and disseminating
                data using the GeoPlatform;
                    (ii) submit to the Committee--

                        (I) a performance report, at least annually, that
                    documents the activities relating to and implementation
                    of the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme,
                    including progress in achieving the requirements under
                    subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D); and
                        (II) comments, as appropriate, regarding the
                    summary and evaluation of the performance report
                    provided by the Committee under section 753(c)(12);

                    (iii) publish maps or comparable graphics online (in
                accordance with the mapping conventions specified by the
                Committee) showing the extent and status of the National
                Geospatial Data Asset data themes for which the covered
                agency is a lead covered agency;
                    (iv) encourage individuals and entities that are a
                source of geospatial data or metadata for geospatial data
                for the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme to
                provide access to such data through the GeoPlatform;
                    (v) coordinate with the GeoPlatform; and
                    (vi) identify and publish proven practices for the use
                and application of geospatial data of the lead covered
                agency.
        SEC. 757. GEOSPATIAL DATA STANDARDS.
        (a) In General.--In accordance with section 216 of the E-Government
    Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note), the Committee shall establish
    standards for each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which--
            (1) shall include--
                (A) rules, conditions, guidelines, and characteristics for
            the geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset
            data theme and related processes, technology, and organization;
            and
                (B) content standards for metadata for geospatial data
            within the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme;
            (2) to the maximum extent practicable, shall be consistent with
        international standards and protocols;
            (3) shall include universal data standards that shall be
        acceptable for the purposes of declassified intelligence community
        data; and
            (4) the Committee shall periodically review and update as
        necessary for the standards to remain current, relevant, and
        effective.
        (b) Development of Standards.--The Committee shall--
            (1) develop and promulgate standards under this section--
                (A) in accordance with Office of Management and Budget
            Circular A-119, or any successor thereto; and
                (B) after consultation with a broad range of data users and
            providers;
            (2) to the maximum extent possible, use national and
        international standards adopted by voluntary standards consensus
        bodies; and
            (3) establish new standards only to the extent standards
        described in paragraph (2) do not exist.
        (c) Exclusion.--The Secretary of the Interior shall withhold from
    public disclosure any information the disclosure of which reasonably
    could be expected to cause damage to the national interest, security,
    or defense of the United States, including information relating to
    geospatial intelligence data activities, as determined in consultation
    with the Director of National Intelligence.
        SEC. 758. GEOPLATFORM.
        (a) In General.--The Committee shall operate an electronic service
    that provides access to geospatial data and metadata for geospatial
    data to the general public, to be known as the GeoPlatform.
        (b) Implementation.--
            (1) In general.--The GeoPlatform--
                (A) shall--
                    (i) be available through the internet and other
                communications means;
                    (ii) be accessible through a common interface;
                    (iii) include metadata for all geospatial data
                collected by covered agencies, directly or indirectly;
                    (iv) include download access to all open geospatial
                data directly or indirectly collected by covered agencies;
                and
                    (v) include a set of programming instructions and
                standards providing an automated means of accessing
                available geospatial data, which--

                        (I) harmonize sources and data standards associated
                    with geospatial data, including metadata; and
                        (II) to the maximum extent practicable, as
                    determined by the Chairperson of the Committee, shall
                    be made publicly available;

                (B) may include geospatial data from a source other than a
            covered agency, if determined appropriate by the Committee; and
                (C) shall not store or serve proprietary information or
            data acquired under a license by the Federal Government, unless
            authorized by the data provider.
            (2) Managing partner.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall
        designate an agency to serve as the managing partner for developing
        and operating the GeoPlatform, taking direction from the Committee
        on the scope, functionality, and performance of the GeoPlatform.
        (c) Clarification.--Although the GeoPlatform is intended to include
    all National Geospatial Data Asset and other Federal datasets, nothing
    in this subtitle shall be construed to prevent a covered agency from
    also presenting, providing, or disseminating data that is--
            (1) specific to the functions of the covered agency; or
            (2) targeted to information consumers that directly interface
        with the services, portals, or other mechanisms of the covered
        agency.
        SEC. 759. COVERED AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.
        (a) In General.--Each covered agency shall--
            (1) prepare, maintain, publish, and implement a strategy for
        advancing geographic information and related geospatial data and
        activities appropriate to the mission of the covered agency, in
        support of the strategic plan for the National Spatial Data
        Infrastructure prepared under section 755(c);
            (2) collect, maintain, disseminate, and preserve geospatial
        data such that the resulting data, information, or products can be
        readily shared with other Federal agencies and non-Federal users;
            (3) promote the integration of geospatial data from all
        sources;
            (4) ensure that data information products and other records
        created in geospatial data and activities are included on agency
        record schedules that have been approved by the National Archives
        and Records Administration;
            (5) allocate resources to fulfill the responsibilities of
        effective geospatial data collection, production, and stewardship
        with regard to related activities of the covered agency, and as
        necessary to support the activities of the Committee;
            (6) use the geospatial data standards, including the standards
        for metadata for geospatial data, and other appropriate standards,
        including documenting geospatial data with the relevant metadata
        and making metadata available through the GeoPlatform;
            (7) coordinate and work in partnership with other Federal
        agencies, agencies of State, tribal, and local governments,
        institutions of higher education, and the private sector to
        efficiently and cost-effectively collect, integrate, maintain,
        disseminate, and preserve geospatial data, building upon existing
        non-Federal geospatial data to the extent possible;
            (8) use geospatial information to--
                (A) make Federal geospatial information and services more
            useful to the public;
                (B) enhance operations;
                (C) support decision making; and
                (D) enhance reporting to the public and to Congress;
            (9) protect personal privacy and maintain confidentiality in
        accordance with Federal policy and law;
            (10) participate in determining, when applicable, whether
        declassified data can contribute to and become a part of the
        National Spatial Data Infrastructure;
            (11) search all sources, including the GeoPlatform, to
        determine if existing Federal, State, local, or private geospatial
        data meets the needs of the covered agency before expending funds
        for geospatial data collection;
            (12) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that a person
        receiving Federal funds for geospatial data collection provides
        high-quality data; and
            (13) appoint a contact to coordinate with the lead covered
        agencies for collection, acquisition, maintenance, and
        dissemination of the National Geospatial Data Asset data themes
        used by the covered agency.
        (b) Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--Each covered agency shall submit to the
        Committee an annual report regarding the achievements of the
        covered agency in preparing and implementing the strategy described
        in subsection (a)(1) and complying with the other requirements
        under subsection (a).
            (2) Budget submission.--Each covered agency shall--
                (A) include geospatial data in preparing the budget
            submission of the covered agency to the President under
            sections 1105(a) and 1108 of title 31, United States Code;
                (B) maintain an inventory of all geospatial data assets in
            accordance with OMB Circular A-130, or any successor thereto;
            and
                (C) prepare an annual report to Congress identifying
            Federal-wide geospatial data assets, as defined in OMB Circular
            A-16, as set forth in OMB memo M-11-03, Issuance of OMB
            Circular A-16 Supplemental Guidance (November 10, 2010), or any
            successor thereto.
            (3) Disclosure.--Each covered agency shall disclose each
        contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or other transaction that
        deals with geospatial data, which may include posting information
        relating to the contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or other
        transaction on www.USAspending.gov and www.itdashboard.gov, or any
        successors thereto.
            (4) OMB review.--In reviewing the annual budget justifications
        submitted by covered agencies, the Office of Management and Budget
        shall take into consideration the summary and evaluations required
        under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 753(c)(10), comments,
        and replies to comments as required under paragraphs (11) and (12)
        of section 753(c), in its annual evaluation of the budget
        justification of each covered agency.
            (5) Reporting.--The Office of Management and Budget shall
        include a discussion of the summaries and evaluation of the
        progress in establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure
        in each E-Government status report submitted under section 3606 of
        title 44, United States Code.
        (c) Audits.--Not less than once every 2 years, the inspector
    general of a covered agency (or senior ethics official of the covered
    agency for a covered agency without an inspector general) shall submit
    to Congress an audit of the collection, production, acquisition,
    maintenance, distribution, use, and preservation of geospatial data by
    the covered agency, which shall include a review of--
            (1) the compliance of the covered agency with the standards for
        geospatial data, including metadata for geospatial data,
        established under section 757;
            (2) the compliance of the covered agency with the requirements
        under subsection (a); and
            (3) the compliance of the covered agency on the limitation on
        the use of Federal funds under section 759A.
    SEC. 759A. LIMITATION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS.
        (a) Definition.--In this section, the term ``implementation date''
    means the date that is 5 years after the date on which standards for
    each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme are established under
    section 757.
        (b) Limitation.--Except as provided otherwise in this section, on
    and after the implementation date, a covered agency may not use Federal
    funds for the collection, production, acquisition, maintenance, or
    dissemination of geospatial data that does not comply with the
    applicable standards established under section 757, as determined by
    the Committee.
        (c) Exception for Existing Geospatial Data.--On and after the
    implementation date, a covered agency may use Federal funds to maintain
    and disseminate geospatial data that does not comply with the
    applicable standards established under section 757 if the geospatial
    data was collected, produced, or acquired by the covered agency before
    the implementation date.
        (d) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Committee may grant a
        waiver of the limitation under subsection (b), upon a request from
        a covered agency submitted in accordance with paragraph (2).
            (2) Requirements.--A request for a waiver under paragraph (1)
        shall--
                (A) be submitted not later than 30 days before the
            implementation date;
                (B) provide a detailed explanation of the reasons for
            seeking a waiver;
                (C) provide a detailed plan to achieve compliance with the
            applicable standards established under section 757; and
                (D) provide the date by which the covered agency shall
            achieve compliance with the applicable standards established
            under section 757.
        (e) Best Efforts to Comply During Transition.--During the period
    beginning on the date on which standards for a National Geospatial Data
    Asset data theme are established under section 757 and ending on the
    implementation date, each covered agency, to the maximum extent
    practicable, shall collect, produce, acquire, maintain, and disseminate
    geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme in
    accordance with the standards.
    SEC. 759B. SAVINGS PROVISION.
        Nothing in this subtitle shall repeal, amend, or supersede any
    existing law unless specifically provided in this subtitle.
    SEC. 759C. PRIVATE SECTOR.
        The Committee and each covered agency may, to the maximum extent
    practical, rely upon and use the private sector in the United States
    for the provision of geospatial data and services.

                           Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

        SEC. 761. NEXTGEN RESEARCH.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and
    Technology and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate a report specifying the top 5 priority
    research areas for the implementation and advancement of NextGen,
    including--
            (1) an assessment of why the research areas are a priority for
        the implementation and advancement of NextGen;
            (2) an identification of the other Federal agencies and private
        organizations assisting the Administration with the research; and
            (3) an estimate of when the research will be completed.
        SEC. 762. ADVANCED MATERIALS CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 445 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall continue operation of the Advanced Materials
    Center of Excellence (referred to in this section as the `Center')
    under its structure as in effect on March 1, 2016, which shall focus on
    applied research and training on the durability and maintainability of
    advanced materials in transport airframe structures.
        ``(b) Responsibilities.--The Center shall--
            ``(1) promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, the
        Transportation Division of the Federal Aviation Administration, and
        the commercial aircraft industry, including manufacturers,
        commercial air carriers, and suppliers; and
            ``(2) establish goals set to advance technology, improve
        engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education in
        relevant areas of study.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 445 of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.''.

                    TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

        SEC. 801. EXPENDITURE AUTHORITY FROM AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.
        (a) In General.--Section 9502(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of
    1986 is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking
        ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 2023''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking the semicolon at the end
        and inserting ``or the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018;''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 9502(e)(2) of such Code is
    amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1,
    2023''.
        SEC. 802. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.
        (a) Fuel Taxes.--Section 4081(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code
    of 1986 is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting
    ``September 30, 2023''.
        (b) Ticket Taxes.--
            (1) Persons.--Section 4261(k)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is amended
        by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30,
        2023''.
            (2) Property.--Section 4271(d)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is
        amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting
        ``September 30, 2023''.
        (c) Fractional Ownership Programs.--
            (1) Fuel tax.--Section 4043(d) of such Code is amended by
        striking ``September 30, 2021'' and inserting ``September 30,
        2023''.
            (2) Treatment as noncommercial aviation.--Section 4083(b) of
        such Code is amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting
        ``October 1, 2023''.
            (3) Exemption from ticket taxes.--Section 4261(j) of such Code
        is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting
        ``September 30, 2023''.

    DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF
                                      2018

    SEC. 1101. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``National Transportation Safety
    Board Reauthorization Act''.
    SEC. 1102. DEFINITIONS.
        In this division, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the National
        Transportation Safety Board.
            (2) Chairman.--The term ``Chairman'' means the Chairman of the
        National Transportation Safety Board.
            (3) Most wanted list.--The term ``Most Wanted List'' means the
        Board publication entitled ``Most Wanted List''.
    SEC. 1103. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
        Section 1118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read
    as follows:
        ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated for the
    purposes of this chapter $111,400,000 for fiscal year 2019,
    $112,400,000 for fiscal year 2020, $113,400,000 for fiscal year 2021,
    and $114,400,000 for fiscal year 2022. Such sums shall remain available
    until expended.''.
    SEC. 1104. STILL IMAGES.
        (a) Still Images, Voice Recorders, and Video Recorders.--
            (1) Cockpit recordings and transcripts.--Section 1114(c) of
        title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
                (B) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by inserting
            ``References to information in making safety recommendations.--
            '' before ``This''; and
                (C) in paragraph (1)--
                    (i) in the first sentence, by striking ``The Board''
                and inserting ``Confidentiality of recordings.--Except as
                provided in paragraph (2), the Board''; and
                    (ii) by amending the second sentence to read as
                follows:
            ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the Board
        shall make public any part of a transcript, any written depiction
        of visual information obtained from a video recorder, or any still
        image obtained from a video recorder the Board decides is relevant
        to the accident or incident--
                ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the accident
            or incident, at the time of the hearing; or
                ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, at the
            time a majority of the other factual reports on the accident or
            incident are placed in the public docket.''.
            (2) Surface vehicle recordings and transcripts.--Section
        1114(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                (B) in paragraph (1)--
                    (i) in the first sentence, by striking ``The Board''
                and inserting ``Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
                Board''; and
                    (ii) by amending the second sentence to read as
                follows:
            ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the Board
        shall make public any part of a transcript, any written depiction
        of visual information obtained from a video recorder, or any still
        image obtained from a video recorder the Board decides is relevant
        to the accident--
                ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the accident,
            at the time of the hearing; or
                ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, at the
            time a majority of the other factual reports on the accident
            are placed in the public docket.''.
            (3) Privacy protections.--Section 1114 of title 49, United
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Privacy Protections.--Before making public any still image
    obtained from a video recorder under subsection (c)(2) or subsection
    (d)(2), the Board shall take such action as appropriate to protect from
    public disclosure any information that readily identifies an
    individual, including a decedent.''.
        (b) Cockpit and Surface Vehicle Recordings and Transcripts.--
    Section 1154(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``Transcripts and Recordings''
        and inserting ``In General'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
            subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and
                (B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so
            redesignated, the following:
                ``(A) any still image that the National Transportation
            Safety Board has not made available to the public under section
            1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title;'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
            ``recorder recording'' and inserting ``recorder recording,
            including with regard to a video recording any still image that
            the National Transportation Safety Board has not made available
            to the public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this
            title,''; and
                (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``recorder recording''
            and inserting ``recorder recording, including with regard to a
            video recording any still image that the National
            Transportation Safety Board has not made available to the
            public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title,'';
            (4) in paragraph (4)--
                (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' before ``a part
                of a cockpit''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``the part of the transcript or the
                recording'' each place it appears and inserting ``the still
                image, the part of the transcript, or the recording'';
                (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' before ``a part
                of a cockpit''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``the part of the transcript or the
                recording'' each place it appears and inserting ``the still
                image, the part of the transcript, or the recording''; and
            (5) in paragraph (6)--
                (A) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
            and
                (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
            ``(B) Still image.--The term `still image' means any still
        image obtained from a video recorder.''.
    SEC. 1105. ELECTRONIC RECORDS.
        Section 1134(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    inserting ``including an electronic record,'' after ``record,''.
    SEC. 1106. REPORT ON MOST WANTED LIST METHODOLOGY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than the date on which the first Most
    Wanted List to be published after the date of enactment of this Act is
    published, the Chairman shall publish on a publicly available website
    of the Board and submit to appropriate committees of Congress a report
    on the methodology used to prioritize and select recommendations to be
    included by the Board in the Most Wanted List.
        (b) Elements.--The report under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a detailed description of how the Board accounts for the
        risk to safety addressed in each of its recommendations, including
        the extent to which the Board considers--
                (A) the types of data and other information, including
            studies and reports, used to identify the amount and
            probability of risk to safety;
                (B) the reduction of the risk to safety, estimated over a
            period of time, by implementing each recommendation;
                (C) the practicality and feasibility of achieving the
            reduction of the risk to safety described in subparagraph (B);
            and
                (D) any alternate means of reducing the risk;
            (2) a detailed description of the extent to which the Board
        considers any prior, related investigation, safety recommendation,
        or other safety action when prioritizing and selecting
        recommendations; and
            (3) a description of the extent of coordination and
        consultation when prioritizing and selecting the recommendations.
        (c) GAO Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date that the
    methodology report is published under subsection (a), the Comptroller
    General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees
    of Congress a report examining the methodology used by the Board to
    prioritize and select safety recommendations for inclusion in the Most
    Wanted List.
    SEC. 1107. METHODOLOGY.
        (a) Redesignation.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Annual Report.--The National Transportation Safety Board
    shall submit a report to Congress on July 1 of each year. The report
    shall include--
            ``(1) a statistical and analytical summary of the
        transportation accident investigations conducted and reviewed by
        the Board during the prior calendar year;
            ``(2) a survey and summary of the recommendations made by the
        Board to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of those accidents
        together with the observed response to each recommendation;
            ``(3) a detailed appraisal of the accident investigation and
        accident prevention activities of other departments, agencies, and
        instrumentalities of the United States Government and State and
        local governmental authorities having responsibility for those
        activities under a law of the United States or a State;
            ``(4) a description of the activities and operations of the
        National Transportation Safety Board Training Center during the
        prior calendar year;
            ``(5) a list of accidents, during the prior calendar year, that
        the Board was required to investigate under section 1131 but did
        not investigate and an explanation of why they were not
        investigated; and
            ``(6) a list of ongoing investigations that have exceeded the
        expected time allotted for completion by Board order and an
        explanation for the additional time required to complete each such
        investigation.''.
        (b) Methodology.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1117 of title 49, United States Code,
        is amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 1117. Methodology
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of the National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization
    Act, the Chairman shall include with each investigative report in which
    a recommendation is issued by the Board a methodology section detailing
    the process and information underlying the selection of each
    recommendation.
        ``(b) Elements.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the
    methodology section under subsection (a) shall include, for each
    recommendation--
            ``(1) a brief summary of the Board's collection and analysis of
        the specific accident investigation information most relevant to
        the recommendation;
            ``(2) a description of the Board's use of external information,
        including studies, reports, and experts, other than the findings of
        a specific accident investigation, if any were used to inform or
        support the recommendation, including a brief summary of the
        specific safety benefits and other effects identified by each
        study, report, or expert; and
            ``(3) a brief summary of any examples of actions taken by
        regulated entities before the publication of the safety
        recommendation, to the extent such actions are known to the Board,
        that were consistent with the recommendation.
        ``(c) Acceptable Limitation.--If the Board knows of more than 3
    examples taken by regulated entities before the publication of the
    safety recommendation that were consistent with the recommendation, the
    brief summary under subsection (b)(3) may be limited to only 3 of those
    examples.
        ``(d) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply if the
    recommendation is only for a person to disseminate information on--
            ``(1) an existing agency best practices document; or
            ``(2) an existing regulatory requirement.
        ``(e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed to require any change to a recommendation made by the Board
    before the date of enactment of the National Transportation Safety
    Board Reauthorization Act, unless the recommendation is a repeat
    recommendation issued on or after the date of enactment of such Act.
        ``(f) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed--
            ``(1) to delay publication of the findings, cause, or probable
        cause of a Board investigation;
            ``(2) to delay the issuance of an urgent recommendation that
        the Board has determined must be issued to avoid immediate loss,
        death, or injury; or
            ``(3) to limit the number of examples the Board may consider
        before issuing a recommendation.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title
        49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
        relating to section 1116 the following:

    ``117. Methodology.''.
    SEC. 1108. MULTIMODAL ACCIDENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Board shall establish and maintain a
    multimodal accident database management system for Board investigators.
        (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the system shall be to support the
    Board in improving--
            (1) the quality of accident data the Board makes available to
        the public; and
            (2) the selection of accidents for investigation and allocation
        of limited resources.
        (c) Requirements.--The system shall--
            (1) maintain a historical record of accidents that are
        investigated by the Board; and
            (2) be capable of the secure storage, retrieval, and management
        of information associated with the investigations of such
        accidents.
    SEC. 1109. ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF FAMILIES OF INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN
    ACCIDENTS.
        (a) Air Carriers Holding Certificates of Public Convenience and
    Necessity.--Section 41113 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``a major'' and inserting
        ``any''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                (A) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(and any other victim
            of the accident)'' and inserting ``(and any other victim of the
            accident, including any victim on the ground)'';
                (B) in paragraph (16), by striking ``major'' and inserting
            ``any''; and
                (C) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking ``significant'' and
            inserting ``any''.
        (b) Foreign Air Carriers Providing Foreign Air Transportation.--
    Section 41313 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``a major'' and inserting
        ``any''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a significant'' and
            inserting ``any'';
                (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``a significant'' and
            inserting ``any'';
                (C) by amending paragraph (9) to read as follows:
            ``(9) Equal treatment of passengers.--An assurance that the
        treatment of the families of nonrevenue passengers (and any other
        victim of the accident, including any victim on the ground) will be
        the same as the treatment of the families of revenue passengers.'';
                (D) in paragraph (16)--
                    (i) by striking ``major'' and inserting ``any''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``the foreign air carrier will
                consult'' and inserting ``will consult''; and
                (E) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking ``significant'' and
            inserting ``any''.
        (c) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Aircraft
    Accidents.--Section 1136 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``aircraft accident within
        the United States involving an air carrier or foreign air carrier
        and resulting in a major loss of life'' and inserting ``aircraft
        accident involving an air carrier or foreign air carrier, resulting
        in any loss of life, and for which the National Transportation
        Safety Board will serve as the lead investigative agency''; and
            (2) in subsection (h)--
                (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Aircraft accident.--The term `aircraft accident' means
        any aviation disaster, regardless of its cause or suspected cause,
        for which the National Transportation Safety Board is the lead
        investigative agency.''; and
                (B) in paragraph (2)--
                    (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(C) any other person injured or killed in the aircraft
            accident, as determined appropriate by the Board.''.
        (d) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Rail Passenger
    Accidents.--Section 1139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``resulting in a major loss
        of life'' and inserting ``resulting in any loss of life, and for
        which the National Transportation Safety Board will serve as the
        lead investigative agency''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (h)(1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Rail passenger accident.--The term `rail passenger
        accident' means any rail passenger disaster that--
                ``(A) results in any loss of life;
                ``(B) the National Transportation Safety Board will serve
            as the lead investigative agency for; and
                ``(C) occurs in the provision of--
                    ``(i) interstate intercity rail passenger
                transportation (as such term is defined in section 24102);
                or
                    ``(ii) high-speed rail (as such term is defined in
                section 26105) transportation, regardless of its cause or
                suspected cause.''.
        (e) Information for Families of Individuals Involved in
    Accidents.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter III of chapter 11 of subtitle II of
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
        following:
    ``Sec. 1140. Information for families of individuals involved in
        accidents
        ``In the course of an investigation of an accident described in
    section 1131(a)(1), except an aircraft accident described in section
    1136 or a rail passenger accident described in section 1139, the Board
    may, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the families of
    individuals involved in the accident, and other individuals the Board
    deems appropriate--
            ``(1) are informed as to the roles, with respect to the
        accident and the post-accident activities, of the Board;
            ``(2) are briefed, before any public briefing, about the
        accident, its causes, and any other findings from the
        investigation; and
            ``(3) are individually informed of and allowed to attend any
        public hearings and meetings of the Board about the accident.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 11 of
        subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
        inserting after the item relating to section 1139 the following:

    ``1140. Information for families of individuals involved in
              accidents.''.
    SEC. 1110. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT ON INVESTIGATION
    LAUNCH DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES.
        Section 1138 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs
            (6) and (7), respectively; and
                (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) the process and procedures to select an accident to
        investigate;''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by inserting a comma after ``Science''.
    SEC. 1111. PERIODIC REVIEW OF SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS.
        (a) Reports.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, as
    amended by this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``and studies'' and inserting
        ``, studies, and retrospective reviews''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Retrospective Reviews.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than
        June 1, 2019, and at least every 5 years thereafter, the Chairman
        shall complete a retrospective review of recommendations issued by
        the Board that are classified as open by the Board.
            ``(2) Contents.--A review under paragraph (1) shall include--
                ``(A) a determination of whether the recommendation should
            be updated, closed, or reissued in light of--
                    ``(i) changed circumstances;
                    ``(ii) more recently issued recommendations;
                    ``(iii) the availability of new technologies; or
                    ``(iv) new information making the recommendation
                ineffective or insufficient for achieving its objective;
                and
                ``(B) a justification for each determination under
            subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date a review
        under paragraph (1) is complete, the Chairman shall submit to the
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
        and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
        of Representatives a report that includes--
                ``(A) the findings of the review under paragraph (1);
                ``(B) each determination under paragraph (2)(A) and
            justification under paragraph (2)(B); and
                ``(C) if applicable, a schedule for updating, closing, or
            reissuing a recommendation.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    1116 and inserting the following:

    ``1116. Reports, studies, and retrospective reviews.''.

        (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section or the amendments made
    by this section may be construed to limit or otherwise affect the
    authority of the Board to update, close, or reissue a recommendation.
    SEC. 1112. GENERAL ORGANIZATION.
        (a) Terms of the Chairman and Vice Chairman.--Section 1111(d) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``2 years'' and
    inserting ``3 years''.
        (b) Nonpublic Collaborative Discussions.--Section 1111 of such
    title is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Open Meetings.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Board shall be deemed to be an agency
        for purposes of section 552b of title 5.
            ``(2) Nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
                ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552b of title 5,
            a majority of the members may hold a meeting that is not open
            to public observation to discuss official agency business if--
                    ``(i) no formal or informal vote or other official
                agency action is taken at the meeting;
                    ``(ii) each individual present at the meeting is a
                member or an employee of the Board;
                    ``(iii) at least 1 member of the Board from each
                political party is present at the meeting, if applicable;
                and
                    ``(iv) the General Counsel of the Board is present at
                the meeting.
                ``(B) Disclosure of nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
            Except as provided under subparagraphs (C) and (D), not later
            than 2 business days after the conclusion of a meeting under
            subparagraph (A), the Board shall make available to the public,
            in a place easily accessible to the public--
                    ``(i) a list of the individuals present at the meeting;
                and
                    ``(ii) a summary of the matters, including key issues,
                discussed at the meeting, except for any matter the Board
                properly determines may be withheld from the public under
                section 552b(c) of title 5.
                ``(C) Summary.--If the Board properly determines a matter
            may be withheld from the public under section 552b(c) of title
            5, the Board shall provide a summary with as much general
            information as possible on each matter withheld from the
            public.
                ``(D) Active investigations.--If a discussion under
            subparagraph (A) directly relates to an active investigation,
            the Board shall make the disclosure under subparagraph (B) on
            the date the Board adopts the final report.
                ``(E) Preservation of open meetings requirements for agency
            action.--Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to limit
            the applicability of section 552b of title 5 with respect to a
            meeting of the members other than that described in this
            paragraph.
                ``(F) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this paragraph
            may be construed--
                    ``(i) to limit the applicability of section 552b of
                title 5 with respect to any information which is proposed
                to be withheld from the public under subparagraph (B)(ii);
                or
                    ``(ii) to authorize the Board to withhold from any
                individual any record that is accessible to that individual
                under section 552a of title 5.''.
        (c) Authority To Acquire Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for
    Investigation Purposes.--Section 1113(b)(1) of such title is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(J) notwithstanding section 1343 of title 31, acquire 1
            or more small unmanned aircraft (as defined in section 44801)
            for use in investigations under this chapter.''.
        (d) Investigative Officers.--Section 1113 of such title is amended
    by striking subsection (h).
        (e) Technical Amendment.--Section 1113(a)(1) of such title is
    amended by striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''.
    SEC. 1113. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
        (a) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter III of
    chapter 11 of subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended
    in the item relating to section 1138 by striking ``Board'' and
    inserting ``Board.''.
        (b) General Authority.--Section 1131(a)(1)(A) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``a public aircraft as defined by
    section 40102(a)(37) of this title'' and inserting ``a public aircraft
    as defined by section 40102(a) of this title''.

                      DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

    SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``Disaster Recovery Reform Act of
    2018''.
    SEC. 1202. APPLICABILITY.
        (a) Applicability for Stafford Act.--Except as otherwise expressly
    provided, the amendments in this division to the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.)
    apply to each major disaster and emergency declared by the President on
    or after August 1, 2017, under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
    and Emergency Assistance Act.
        (b) Division Applicability.--Except as otherwise expressly
    provided, the authorities provided under this division apply to each
    major disaster and emergency declared by the President under the Robert
    T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act on or after
    January 1, 2016.
    SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.
        In this division:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
            (2) Agency.--The term ``Agency'' means the Federal Emergency
        Management Agency.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given that term
        in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).
    SEC. 1204. WILDFIRE PREVENTION.
        (a) Mitigation Assistance.--Section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) is
    amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Hazard Mitigation Assistance.--Whether or not a major
    disaster is declared, the President may provide hazard mitigation
    assistance in accordance with section 404 in any area affected by a
    fire for which assistance was provided under this section.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
    and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 404(a) (42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) (as amended by this
        division)--
                (A) by inserting before the first period ``, or any area
            affected by a fire for which assistance was provided under
            section 420''; and
                (B) in the third sentence by inserting ``or event under
            section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place it appears;
            and
            (2) in section 322(e)(1) (42 U.S.C. 5165(e)(1)), by inserting
        ``or event under section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place
        it appears.
        (c) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall
    submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
    of the Senate, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations of
    the Senate and the House of Representatives a report containing a
    summary of any projects carried out, and any funding provided to those
    projects, under subsection (d) of section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) (as
    amended by this section).
    SEC. 1205. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.
        Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(f) Use of Assistance.--Recipients of hazard mitigation
    assistance provided under this section and section 203 may use the
    assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the risk of future
    damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a wildfire
    or windstorm, such as--
            ``(1) reseeding ground cover with quick-growing or native
        species;
            ``(2) mulching with straw or chipped wood;
            ``(3) constructing straw, rock, or log dams in small
        tributaries to prevent flooding;
            ``(4) placing logs and other erosion barriers to catch sediment
        on hill slopes;
            ``(5) installing debris traps to modify road and trail drainage
        mechanisms;
            ``(6) modifying or removing culverts to allow drainage to flow
        freely;
            ``(7) adding drainage dips and constructing emergency spillways
        to keep roads and bridges from washing out during floods;
            ``(8) planting grass to prevent the spread of noxious weeds;
            ``(9) installing warning signs;
            ``(10) establishing defensible space measures;
            ``(11) reducing hazardous fuels;
            ``(12) mitigating windstorm damage, including replacing or
        installing electrical transmission or distribution utility pole
        structures with poles that are resilient to extreme wind and
        combined ice and wind loadings for the basic wind speeds and ice
        conditions associated with the relevant location;
            ``(13) removing standing burned trees; and
            ``(14) replacing water systems that have been burned and have
        caused contamination.''.
    SEC. 1206. ELIGIBILITY FOR CODE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT.
        (a) In General.--Section 402 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170a) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) provide assistance to State and local governments for
        building code and floodplain management ordinance administration
        and enforcement, including inspections for substantial damage
        compliance; and''.
        (b) Repair, Restoration, and Replacement of Damaged Facilities.--
    Section 406(a)(2) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(D) base and overtime wages for extra hires to facilitate
            the implementation and enforcement of adopted building codes
            for a period of not more than 180 days after the major disaster
            is declared.''.
    SEC. 1207. PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.
        (a) Hazard Mitigation.--Section 406(c) of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(c)) is
    amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``90 percent of''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``75 percent of''.
        (b) Flood Insurance.--Section 406(d)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(d)(1)) is
    amended by adding at the end the following: ``This section shall not
    apply to more than one building of a multi-structure educational, law
    enforcement, correctional, fire, or medical campus, for any major
    disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or
    501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after January 1,
    2016, through December 31, 2018.''.
        (c) Participation.--Section 428(d) of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(d)) is
    amended--
            (1) by striking ``Participation in'' and inserting the
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--Participation in''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) No conditions.--The President may not condition the
        provision of Federal assistance under this Act on the election by a
        State, local, or Indian tribal government, or owner or operator of
        a private nonprofit facility to participate in the alternative
        procedures adopted under this section.''.
        (d) Certification.--Section 428(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(e)(1)) is
    amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(G) once certified by a professionally licensed engineer
            and accepted by the Administrator, the estimates on which
            grants made pursuant to this section are based shall be
            presumed to be reasonable and eligible costs, as long as there
            is no evidence of fraud.''.
    SEC. 1208. PRIORITIZATION OF FACILITIES.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall provide guidance and training on an annual
    basis to State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first responders,
    and utility companies on--
            (1) the need to prioritize assistance to hospitals, nursing
        homes, and other long-term care facilities to ensure that such
        health care facilities remain functioning or return to functioning
        as soon as practicable during power outages caused by natural
        hazards, including severe weather events;
            (2) how hospitals, nursing homes and other long-term care
        facilities should adequately prepare for power outages during a
        major disaster or emergency, as those terms are defined in section
        102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122); and
            (3) how State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first
        responders, utility companies, hospitals, nursing homes, and other
        long-term care facilities should develop a strategy to coordinate
        emergency response plans, including the activation of emergency
        response plans, in anticipation of a major disaster, including
        severe weather events.
    SEC. 1209. GUIDANCE ON EVACUATION ROUTES.
        (a) In General.--
            (1) Identification.--The Administrator, in coordination with
        the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, shall
        develop and issue guidance for State, local, and Indian tribal
        governments regarding the identification of evacuation routes.
            (2) Guidance.--The Administrator of the Federal Highway
        Administration, in coordination with the Administrator, shall
        revise existing guidance or issue new guidance as appropriate for
        State, local, and Indian tribal governments regarding the design,
        construction, maintenance, and repair of evacuation routes.
        (b) Considerations.--
            (1) Identification.--In developing the guidance under
        subsection (a)(1), the Administrator shall consider--
                (A) whether evacuation routes have resisted impacts and
            recovered quickly from disasters, regardless of cause;
                (B) the need to evacuate special needs populations,
            including--
                    (i) individuals with a physical or mental disability;
                    (ii) individuals in schools, daycare centers, mobile
                home parks, prisons, nursing homes and other long-term care
                facilities, and detention centers;
                    (iii) individuals with limited-English proficiency;
                    (iv) the elderly; and
                    (v) individuals who are tourists, seasonal workers, or
                homeless;
                (C) the sharing of information and other public
            communications with evacuees during evacuations;
                (D) the sheltering of evacuees, including the care,
            protection, and sheltering of animals;
                (E) the return of evacuees to their homes; and
                (F) such other items the Administrator considers
            appropriate.
            (2) Design, construction, maintenance, and repair.--In revising
        or issuing guidance under subsection (a)(2), the Administrator of
        the Federal Highway Administration shall consider--
                (A) methods that assist evacuation routes to--
                    (i) withstand likely risks to viability, including
                flammability and hydrostatic forces;
                    (ii) improve durability, strength (including the
                ability to withstand tensile stresses and compressive
                stresses), and sustainability; and
                    (iii) provide for long-term cost savings;
                (B) the ability of evacuation routes to effectively manage
            contraflow operations;
                (C) for evacuation routes on public lands, the viewpoints
            of the applicable Federal land management agency regarding
            emergency operations, sustainability, and resource protection;
            and
                (D) such other items the Administrator of the Federal
            Highway Administration considers appropriate.
        (c) Study.--The Administrator, in coordination with the
    Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration and State, local,
    territorial, and Indian tribal governments, may--
            (1) conduct a study of the adequacy of available evacuation
        routes to accommodate the flow of evacuees; and
            (2) submit recommendations on how to help with anticipated
        evacuation route flow, based on the study conducted under paragraph
        (1), to--
                (A) the Federal Highway Administration;
                (B) the Agency;
                (C) State, local, territorial, and Indian tribal
            governments; and
                (D) Congress.
    SEC. 1210. DUPLICATION OF BENEFITS.
        (a) In General.--
            (1) Authority.--Section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155(b)) is
        amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Waiver of general prohibition.--
                ``(A) In general.--The President may waive the general
            prohibition provided in subsection (a) upon request of a
            Governor on behalf of the State or on behalf of a person,
            business concern, or any other entity suffering losses as a
            result of a major disaster or emergency, if the President finds
            such waiver is in the public interest and will not result in
            waste, fraud, or abuse. In making this decision, the President
            may consider the following:
                    ``(i) The recommendations of the Administrator of the
                Federal Emergency Management Agency made in consultation
                with the Federal agency or agencies administering the
                duplicative program.
                    ``(ii) If a waiver is granted, the assistance to be
                funded is cost effective.
                    ``(iii) Equity and good conscience.
                    ``(iv) Other matters of public policy considered
                appropriate by the President.
                ``(B) Grant or denial of waiver.--A request under
            subparagraph (A) shall be granted or denied not later than 45
            days after submission of such request.
                ``(C) Prohibition on determination that loan is a
            duplication.--Notwithstanding subsection (c), in carrying out
            subparagraph (A), the President may not determine that a loan
            is a duplication of assistance, provided that all Federal
            assistance is used toward a loss suffered as a result of the
            major disaster or emergency.''.
            (2) Limitation.--This subsection, including the amendment made
        by paragraph (1), shall not be construed to apply to section 406 or
        408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172, 5174).
            (3) Applicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall
        apply to any major disaster or emergency declared by the President
        under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191)
        between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021.
            (4) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of
        enactment of this Act, section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155(b)) is
        amended by striking paragraph (4), as added by subsection (a)(1) of
        this section.
            (5) Report.--
                (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with
            other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the
            congressional committees of jurisdiction a report conducted by
            all relevant Federal agencies to improve the comprehensive
            delivery of disaster assistance to individuals following a
            major disaster or emergency declaration under the Robert T.
            Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
                (B) Contents.--The report required under subparagraph (A)
            shall include both administrative actions taken, or planned to
            be taken, by the agencies as well as legislative proposals,
            where appropriate, of the following:
                    (i) Efforts to improve coordination between the Agency
                and other relevant Federal agencies when delivering
                disaster assistance to individuals.
                    (ii) Clarify the sequence of delivery of disaster
                assistance to individuals from the Agency, and other
                relevant Federal agencies.
                    (iii) Clarify the interpretation and implementation of
                section 312 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
                Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155) when providing
                disaster assistance to individuals, including providing a
                common interpretation across the Agency, and other relevant
                Federal agencies, of the definitions and requirements under
                such section 312.
                    (iv) Increase the effectiveness of communication to
                applicants for assistance programs for individuals after a
                disaster declaration, including the breadth of programs
                available and the potential impacts of utilizing one
                program versus another.
                (C) Report update.--Not later than 4 years after the date
            of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator, in
            coordination with other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit
            to the congressional committees of jurisdiction an update to
            the report required under subparagraph (A).
        (b) Funding of a Federally Authorized Water Resources Development
    Project.--
            (1) Eligible activities.--Notwithstanding section 312 of the
        Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42
        U.S.C. 5155) and its implementing regulations, assistance provided
        pursuant to section 404 of such Act may be used to fund activities
        authorized for construction within the scope of a federally
        authorized water resources development project of the Army Corps of
        Engineers if such activities are also eligible activities under
        such section.
            (2) Federal funding.--All Federal funding provided under
        section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward the
        Federal share of such project.
            (3) Non-federal match.--All non-Federal matching funds required
        under section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward
        the non-Federal share of such project.
            (4) Total federal share.--Funding provided under section 404
        pursuant to this section may not exceed the total Federal share for
        such project.
            (5) No effect.--Nothing in this section shall--
                (A) affect the cost-share requirement of a hazard
            mitigation measure under section 404;
                (B) affect the eligibility criteria for a hazard mitigation
            measure under section 404;
                (C) affect the cost share requirements of a federally
            authorized water resources development project; and
                (D) affect the responsibilities of a non-Federal interest
            with respect to the project, including those related to the
            provision of lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredge material
            disposal areas, and necessary relocations.
            (6) Limitation.--If a federally authorized water resources
        development project of the Army Corps of Engineers is constructed
        with funding provided under section 404 pursuant to this
        subsection, no further Federal funding shall be provided for
        construction of such project.
    SEC. 1211. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE FOR DIRECT TEMPORARY
    HOUSING AND PERMANENT HOUSING CONSTRUCTION.
        (a) State Role.--Section 408(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                (A) by striking the paragraph heading and inserting
            ``State- or indian tribal government-administered assistance
            and other needs assistance.--'';
                (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting
                ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e) if the President
                and the State or Indian tribal government comply, as
                determined by the Administrator, with paragraph (3)''; and
                (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting
                ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Requirements.--
                ``(A) Application.--A State or Indian tribal government
            desiring to provide assistance under subsection (c)(1)(B),
            (c)(4), or (e) shall submit to the President an application for
            a grant to provide financial assistance under the program.
                ``(B) Criteria.--The President, in consultation and
            coordination with State and Indian tribal governments, shall
            establish criteria for the approval of applications submitted
            under subparagraph (A). The criteria shall include, at a
            minimum--
                    ``(i) a requirement that the State or Indian tribal
                government submit a housing strategy under subparagraph
                (C);
                    ``(ii) the demonstrated ability of the State or Indian
                tribal government to manage the program under this section;
                    ``(iii) there being in effect a plan approved by the
                President as to how the State or Indian tribal government
                will comply with applicable Federal laws and regulations
                and how the State or Indian tribal government will provide
                assistance under its plan;
                    ``(iv) a requirement that the State or Indian tribal
                government comply with rules and regulations established
                pursuant to subsection (j); and
                    ``(v) a requirement that the President, or the designee
                of the President, comply with subsection (i).
                ``(C) Requirement of housing strategy.--
                    ``(i) In general.--A State or Indian tribal government
                submitting an application under this paragraph shall have
                an approved housing strategy, which shall be developed and
                submitted to the President for approval.
                    ``(ii) Requirements.--The housing strategy required
                under clause (i) shall--

                        ``(I) outline the approach of the State in working
                    with Federal partners, Indian tribal governments, local
                    communities, nongovernmental organizations, and
                    individual disaster survivors to meet disaster-related
                    sheltering and housing needs; and
                        ``(II) include the establishment of an activation
                    plan for a State Disaster Housing Task Force, as
                    outlined in the National Disaster Housing Strategy, to
                    bring together State, tribal, local, Federal,
                    nongovernmental, and private sector expertise to
                    evaluate housing requirements, consider potential
                    solutions, recognize special needs populations, and
                    propose recommendations.

                ``(D) Quality assurance.--Before approving an application
            submitted under this section, the President, or the designee of
            the President, shall institute adequate policies, procedures,
            and internal controls to prevent waste, fraud, abuse, and
            program mismanagement for this program and for programs under
            subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). The President shall
            monitor and conduct quality assurance activities on a State or
            Indian tribal government's implementation of programs under
            subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). If, after approving an
            application of a State or Indian tribal government submitted
            under this paragraph, the President determines that the State
            or Indian tribal government is not administering the program
            established by this section in a manner satisfactory to the
            President, the President shall withdraw the approval.
                ``(E) Audits.--The Inspector General of the Department of
            Homeland Security shall provide for periodic audits of the
            programs administered by States and Indian tribal governments
            under this subsection.
                ``(F) Applicable laws.--All Federal laws applicable to the
            management, administration, or contracting of the programs by
            the Federal Emergency Management Agency under this section
            shall be applicable to the management, administration, or
            contracting by a non-Federal entity under this section.
                ``(G) Report on effectiveness.--Not later than 18 months
            after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Inspector
            General of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit a
            report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
            Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the State or
            Indian tribal government's role to provide assistance under
            this section. The report shall contain an assessment of the
            effectiveness of the State or Indian tribal government's role
            in providing assistance under this section, including--
                    ``(i) whether the State or Indian tribal government's
                role helped to improve the general speed of disaster
                recovery;
                    ``(ii) whether the State or Indian tribal government
                providing assistance under this section had the capacity to
                administer this section; and
                    ``(iii) recommendations for changes to improve the
                program if the State or Indian tribal government's role to
                administer the programs should be continued.
                ``(H) Report on incentives.--Not later than 12 months after
            the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator of
            the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report
            to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
            of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on a potential
            incentive structure for awards made under this section to
            encourage participation by eligible States and Indian tribal
            governments. In developing this report, the Administrator of
            the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall consult with
            State, local, and Indian tribal entities to gain their input on
            any such incentive structure to encourage participation and
            shall include this information in the report. This report
            should address, among other options, potential adjustments to
            the cost-share requirement and management costs to State and
            Indian tribal governments.
                ``(I) Prohibition.--The President may not condition the
            provision of Federal assistance under this Act on a State or
            Indian tribal government requesting a grant under this section.
                ``(J) Miscellaneous.--
                    ``(i) Notice and comment.--The Administrator of the
                Federal Emergency Management Agency may waive notice and
                comment rulemaking with respect to rules to carry out this
                section, if the Administrator determines doing so is
                necessary to expeditiously implement this section, and may
                carry out this section as a pilot program until such
                regulations are promulgated.
                    ``(ii) Final rule.--Not later than 2 years after the
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator of
                the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall issue final
                regulations to implement this subsection as amended by the
                Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018.
                    ``(iii) Waiver and expiration.--The authority under
                clause (i) and any pilot program implemented pursuant to
                such clause shall expire 2 years after the date of
                enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of final
                regulations pursuant to clause (ii), whichever occurs
                sooner.''.
        (b) Reimbursement.--The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
    shall reimburse State and local units of government (for requests
    received within a period of 3 years after the declaration of a major
    disaster under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
    and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170)) upon determination that
    a locally implemented housing solution, implemented by State or local
    units of government--
            (1) costs 50 percent of comparable FEMA solution or whatever
        the locally implemented solution costs, whichever is lower;
            (2) complies with local housing regulations and ordinances; and
            (3) the housing solution was implemented within 90 days of the
        disaster.
    SEC. 1212. ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS.
        Section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, excluding financial
        assistance to rent alternate housing accommodations under
        subsection (c)(1)(A)(i) and financial assistance to address other
        needs under subsection (e)'' after ``disaster'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Other needs assistance.--The maximum financial assistance
        any individual or household may receive under subsection (e) shall
        be equivalent to the amount set forth in paragraph (1) with respect
        to a single major disaster.'';
            (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by striking
        ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2)''; and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) the
        following:
            ``(4) Exclusion of necessary expenses for individuals with
        disabilities.--
                ``(A) In general.--The maximum amount of assistance
            established under paragraph (1) shall exclude expenses to
            repair or replace damaged accessibility-related improvements
            under paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (c) for
            individuals with disabilities.
                ``(B) Other needs assistance.--The maximum amount of
            assistance established under paragraph (2) shall exclude
            expenses to repair or replace accessibility-related personal
            property under subsection (e)(2) for individuals with
            disabilities.''.
    SEC. 1213. MULTIFAMILY LEASE AND REPAIR ASSISTANCE.
        (a) Lease and Repair of Rental Units for Temporary Housing.--
    Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
    and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II)) is
    amended to read as follows:

                        ``(II) Improvements or repairs.--Under the terms of
                    any lease agreement for property entered into under
                    this subsection, the value of the improvements or
                    repairs shall be deducted from the value of the lease
                    agreement.''.

        (b) Rental Properties Impacted.--Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa) of
    the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42
    U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa)) is amended to read as follows:
                            ``(aa) enter into lease agreements with owners
                        of multifamily rental property impacted by a major
                        disaster or located in areas covered by a major
                        disaster declaration to house individuals and
                        households eligible for assistance under this
                        section; and''.
        (c) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 2 years after the
    date of the enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the
    Department of Homeland Security shall--
            (1) assess the use of the authority provided under section
        408(c)(1)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)), as amended by
        this division, including the adequacy of any benefit-cost analysis
        done to justify the use of this alternative; and
            (2) submit a report on the results of the assessment conducted
        under paragraph (1) to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    SEC. 1214. PRIVATE NONPROFIT FACILITY.
        Section 102(11)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(B)) is amended by
    inserting ``food banks,'' after ``shelter workshops,''.
    SEC. 1215. MANAGEMENT COSTS.
        Section 324 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5165b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``any administrative expense,
        and any other expense not directly chargeable to'' and inserting
        ``any direct administrative cost, and any other administrative
        expense associated with''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                (A) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the
            following:
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
                (B) in paragraph (1), as added by subparagraph (A), by
            striking ``establish'' and inserting ``implement''; and
                (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Specific management costs.--The Administrator of the
        Federal Emergency Management Agency shall provide the following
        percentage rates, in addition to the eligible project costs, to
        cover direct and indirect costs of administering the following
        programs:
                ``(A) Hazard mitigation.--A grantee under section 404 may
            be reimbursed not more than 15 percent of the total amount of
            the grant award under such section of which not more than 10
            percent may be used by the grantee and 5 percent by the
            subgrantee for such costs.
                ``(B) Public assistance.--A grantee under sections 403,
            406, 407, and 502 may be reimbursed not more than 12 percent of
            the total award amount under such sections, of which not more
            than 7 percent may be used by the grantee and 5 percent by the
            subgrantee for such costs.''.
    SEC. 1216. FLEXIBILITY.
        (a) Waiver Authority.--
            (1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``covered
        assistance'' means assistance provided--
                (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
            Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174); and
                (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared
            by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the
            Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
            (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after October 28, 2012.
            (2) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31,
        United States Code, the Administrator--
                (A) subject to subparagraph (B), may waive a debt owed to
            the United States related to covered assistance provided to an
            individual or household if--
                    (i) the covered assistance was distributed based on an
                error by the Agency;
                    (ii) there was no fault on behalf of the debtor; and
                    (iii) the collection of the debt would be against
                equity and good conscience; and
                (B) may not waive a debt under subparagraph (A) if the debt
            involves fraud, the presentation of a false claim, or
            misrepresentation by the debtor or any party having an interest
            in the claim.
            (3) Monitoring of covered assistance distributed based on
        error.--
                (A) In general.--The Inspector General of the Department of
            Homeland Security shall monitor the distribution of covered
            assistance to individuals and households to determine the
            percentage of such assistance distributed based on an error.
                (B) Removal of waiver authority based on excessive error
            rate.--If the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland
            Security determines, with respect to any 12-month period, that
            the amount of covered assistance distributed based on an error
            by the Agency exceeds 4 percent of the total amount of covered
            assistance distributed--
                    (i) the Inspector General shall notify the
                Administrator and publish the determination in the Federal
                Register; and
                    (ii) with respect to any major disaster or emergency
                declared by the President under section 401 or section 501,
                respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
                Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191)
                after the date on which the determination is published
                under subparagraph (A), the authority of the Administrator
                to waive debt under paragraph (2) shall no longer be
                effective.
        (b) Recoupment of Certain Assistance Prohibited.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31,
        United States Code, and unless there is evidence of civil or
        criminal fraud, the Agency may not take any action to recoup
        covered assistance from the recipient of such assistance if the
        receipt of such assistance occurred on a date that is more than 3
        years before the date on which the Agency first provides to the
        recipient written notification of an intent to recoup.
            (2) Covered assistance defined.--In this subsection, the term
        ``covered assistance'' means assistance provided--
                (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
            Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174); and
                (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared
            by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of
            such Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191) on or after January
            1, 2012.
        (c)  Statute of Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (i) by striking ``Except'' and inserting
                ``Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, United
                States Code, and except''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``report for the disaster or
                emergency'' and inserting ``report for project completion
                as certified by the grantee''; and
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``report for the
                disaster or emergency'' and inserting ``report for project
                completion as certified by the grantee''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``for project
                completion as certified by the grantee'' after ``final
                expenditure report''.
            (2) Applicability.--
                (A) In general.--With respect to disaster or emergency
            assistance provided to a State or local government on or after
            January 1, 2004--
                    (i) no administrative action may be taken to recover a
                payment of such assistance after the date of enactment of
                this Act if the action is prohibited under section
                705(a)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
                Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205(a)(1)), as amended
                by paragraph (1); and
                    (ii) any administrative action to recover a payment of
                such assistance that is pending on such date of enactment
                shall be terminated if the action is prohibited under
                section 705(a)(1) of that Act, as amended by paragraph (1).
                (B) Limitation.--This section, including the amendments
            made by this section, may not be construed to invalidate or
            otherwise affect any administration action completed before the
            date of enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 1217. ADDITIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE.
        (a) Disaster Mitigation.--Section 209 of the Public Works and
    Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3149) is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(e) Disaster Mitigation.--In providing assistance pursuant to
    subsection (c)(2), if appropriate and as applicable, the Secretary may
    encourage hazard mitigation in assistance provided pursuant to such
    subsection.''.
        (b) Emergency Management Assistance Compact Grants.--Section 661(d)
    of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C.
    761(d)) is amended by striking ``for fiscal year 2008'' and inserting
    ``for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
        (c) Emergency Management Performance Grants Program.--Section
    662(f) of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6
    U.S.C. 762(f)) is amended by striking ``the program'' and all that
    follows through ``2012'' and inserting ``the program, for each of
    fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
        (d) Technical Amendment.--Section 403(a)(3) of the Robert T.
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
    5170b(a)(3)) is amended by striking the second subparagraph (J).
    SEC. 1218. NATIONAL VETERINARY EMERGENCY TEAMS.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency
    Management Agency may establish one or more national veterinary
    emergency teams at accredited colleges of veterinary medicine.
        (b) Responsibilities.--A national veterinary emergency team shall--
            (1) deploy with a team of the National Urban Search and Rescue
        Response System to assist with--
                (A) veterinary care of canine search teams;
                (B) locating and treating companion animals, service
            animals, livestock, and other animals; and
                (C) surveillance and treatment of zoonotic diseases;
            (2) recruit, train, and certify veterinary professionals,
        including veterinary students, in accordance with an established
        set of plans and standard operating guidelines to carry out the
        duties associated with planning for and responding to major
        disasters and emergencies as described in paragraph (1);
            (3) assist State governments, Indian tribal governments, local
        governments, and nonprofit organizations in developing emergency
        management and evacuation plans that account for the care and
        rescue of animals and in improving local readiness for providing
        veterinary medical response during an emergency or major disaster;
        and
            (4) coordinate with the Department of Homeland Security, the
        Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of
        Agriculture, State, local, and Indian tribal governments (including
        departments of animal and human health), veterinary and health care
        professionals, and volunteers.
    SEC. 1219. RIGHT OF ARBITRATION.
        Section 423 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189a) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(d) Right of Arbitration.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding this section, an applicant
        for assistance under this title may request arbitration to dispute
        the eligibility for assistance or repayment of assistance provided
        for a dispute of more than $500,000 for any disaster that occurred
        after January 1, 2016. Such arbitration shall be conducted by the
        Civilian Board of Contract Appeals and the decision of such Board
        shall be binding.
            ``(2) Review.--The Civilian Board of Contract Appeals shall
        consider from the applicant all original and additional
        documentation, testimony, or other such evidence supporting the
        applicant's position at any time during arbitration.
            ``(3) Rural areas.--For an applicant for assistance in a rural
        area under this title, the assistance amount eligible for
        arbitration pursuant to this subsection shall be $100,000.
            ``(4) Rural area defined.--For the purposes of this subsection,
        the term `rural area' means an area with a population of less than
        200,000 outside an urbanized area.
            ``(5) Eligibility.--To participate in arbitration under this
        subsection, an applicant--
                ``(A) shall submit the dispute to the arbitration process
            established under the authority granted under section 601 of
            Public Law 111-5; and
                ``(B) may submit a request for arbitration after the
            completion of the first appeal under subsection (a) at any time
            before the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management
            Agency has issued a final agency determination or 180 days
            after the Administrator's receipt of the appeal if the
            Administrator has not provided the applicant with a final
            determination on the appeal. The applicant's request shall
            contain documentation from the administrative record for the
            first appeal and may contain additional documentation
            supporting the applicant's position.''.
    SEC. 1220. UNIFIED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION
    REVIEW.
        (a) Review and Analysis.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the Unified
    Federal Environmental and Historic Preservation review process
    established pursuant to section 429 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189g), and submit a
    report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and
    Governmental Affairs of the Senate that includes the following:
            (1) An analysis of whether and how the unified process has
        expedited the interagency review process to ensure compliance with
        the environmental and historic requirements under Federal law
        relating to disaster recovery projects.
            (2) A survey and analysis of categorical exclusions used by
        other Federal agencies that may be applicable to any activity
        related to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President
        under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170,
        5191).
            (3) Recommendations on any further actions, including any
        legislative proposals, needed to expedite and streamline the review
        process.
        (b) Regulations.--After completing the review, survey, and analyses
    under subsection (a), but not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and after providing notice and opportunity for
    public comment, the Administrator shall issue regulations to implement
    any regulatory recommendations, including any categorical exclusions
    identified under subsection (a), to the extent that the categorical
    exclusions meet the criteria for a categorical exclusion under section
    1508.4 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, and section II of DHS
    Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01.
    SEC. 1221. CLOSEOUT INCENTIVES.
        (a) Facilitating Closeout.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Facilitating Closeout.--
            ``(1) Incentives.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency
        Management Agency may develop incentives and penalties that
        encourage State, local, or Indian tribal governments to close out
        expenditures and activities on a timely basis related to disaster
        or emergency assistance.
            ``(2) Agency requirements.--The Federal Emergency Management
        Agency shall, consistent with applicable regulations and required
        procedures, meet its responsibilities to improve closeout practices
        and reduce the time to close disaster program awards.''.
        (b) Regulations.--The Administrator shall issue regulations to
    implement the amendment made by this section.
    SEC. 1222. PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES.
        Section 306 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5149) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(c) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
    is authorized to appoint temporary personnel, after serving
    continuously for 3 years, to positions in the Federal Emergency
    Management Agency in the same manner that competitive service employees
    with competitive status are considered for transfer, reassignment, or
    promotion to such positions. An individual appointed under this
    subsection shall become a career-conditional employee, unless the
    employee has already completed the service requirements for career
    tenure.''.
    SEC. 1223. STUDY TO STREAMLINE AND CONSOLIDATE INFORMATION COLLECTION.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator--
            (1) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, the
        Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster
        Assistance Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors General
        on Integrity and Efficiency, and other appropriate agencies,
        conduct a study and develop a plan, consistent with law, under
        which the collection of information from disaster assistance
        applicants and grantees will be modified, streamlined, expedited,
        efficient, flexible, consolidated, and simplified to be less
        burdensome, duplicative, and time consuming for applicants and
        grantees;
            (2) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, the
        Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster
        Assistance Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors General
        on Integrity and Efficiency, and other appropriate agencies,
        develop a plan for the regular collection and reporting of
        information on Federal disaster assistance awarded, including the
        establishment and maintenance of a website for presenting the
        information to the public; and
            (3) submit the plans developed under paragraphs (1) and (2) to
        the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and
        Governmental Affairs of the Senate.
    SEC. 1224. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.
        Title IV of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end
    the following:
        ``SEC. 430. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.
        ``(a) Public Assistance.--Not later than 5 days after an award of a
    public assistance grant is made under section 406 that is in excess of
    $1,000,000, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management
    Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management
    Agency the specifics of each such grant award, including--
            ``(1) identifying the Federal Emergency Management Agency
        Region;
            ``(2) the disaster or emergency declaration number;
            ``(3) the State, county, and applicant name;
            ``(4) if the applicant is a private nonprofit organization;
            ``(5) the damage category code;
            ``(6) the amount of the Federal share obligated; and
            ``(7) the date of the award.
        ``(b) Mission Assignments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 5 days after the issuance of
        a mission assignment or mission assignment task order, the
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall
        publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
        any mission assignment or mission assignment task order to another
        Federal department or agency regarding a major disaster in excess
        of $1,000,000, including--
                ``(A) the name of the impacted State or Indian Tribe;
                ``(B) the disaster declaration for such State or Indian
            Tribe;
                ``(C) the assigned agency;
                ``(D) the assistance requested;
                ``(E) a description of the disaster;
                ``(F) the total cost estimate;
                ``(G) the amount obligated;
                ``(H) the State or Indian tribal government cost share, if
            applicable;
                ``(I) the authority under which the mission assignment or
            mission assignment task order was directed; and
                ``(J) if applicable, the date a State or Indian Tribe
            requested the mission assignment.
            ``(2) Recording changes.--Not later than 10 days after the last
        day of each month until a mission assignment or mission assignment
        task order described in paragraph (1) is completed and closed out,
        the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall
        update any changes to the total cost estimate and the amount
        obligated.
        ``(c) Disaster Relief Monthly Report.--Not later than 10 days after
    the first day of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency
    Management Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency
    Management Agency reports, including a specific description of the
    methodology and the source data used in developing such reports,
    including--
            ``(1) an estimate of the amounts for the fiscal year covered by
        the President's most recent budget pursuant to section 1105(a) of
        title 31, United States Code, including--
                ``(A) the unobligated balance of funds to be carried over
            from the prior fiscal year to the budget year;
                ``(B) the unobligated balance of funds to be carried over
            from the budget year to the budget year plus 1;
                ``(C) the amount of obligations for noncatastrophic events
            for the budget year;
                ``(D) the amount of obligations for the budget year for
            catastrophic events delineated by event and by State;
                ``(E) the total amount that has been previously obligated
            or will be required for catastrophic events delineated by event
            and by State for all prior years, the current fiscal year, the
            budget year, and each fiscal year thereafter;
                ``(F) the amount of previously obligated funds that will be
            recovered for the budget year;
                ``(G) the amount that will be required for obligations for
            emergencies, as described in section 102(1), major disasters,
            as described in section 102(2), fire management assistance
            grants, as described in section 420, surge activities, and
            disaster readiness and support activities; and
                ``(H) the amount required for activities not covered under
            section 251(b)(2)(D)(iii) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency
            Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(D)(iii)); and
            ``(2) an estimate or actual amounts, if available, of the
        following for the current fiscal year, which shall be submitted not
        later than the fifth day of each month, published by the
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency on the
        website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency not later than
        the fifth day of each month:
                ``(A) A summary of the amount of appropriations made
            available by source, the transfers executed, the previously
            allocated funds recovered, and the commitments, allocations,
            and obligations made.
                ``(B) A table of disaster relief activity delineated by
            month, including--
                    ``(i) the beginning and ending balances;
                    ``(ii) the total obligations to include amounts
                obligated for fire assistance, emergencies, surge, and
                disaster support activities;
                    ``(iii) the obligations for catastrophic events
                delineated by event and by State; and
                    ``(iv) the amount of previously obligated funds that
                are recovered.
                ``(C) A summary of allocations, obligations, and
            expenditures for catastrophic events delineated by event.
                ``(D) The cost of the following categories of spending:
                    ``(i) Public assistance.
                    ``(ii) Individual assistance.
                    ``(iii) Mitigation.
                    ``(iv) Administrative.
                    ``(v) Operations.
                    ``(vi) Any other relevant category (including emergency
                measures and disaster resources) delineated by disaster.
                ``(E) The date on which funds appropriated will be
            exhausted.
        ``(d) Contracts.--
            ``(1) Information.--Not later than 10 days after the first day
        of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency
        Management Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal
        Emergency Management Agency the specifics of each contract in
        excess of $1,000,000 that the Federal Emergency Management Agency
        enters into, including--
                ``(A) the name of the party;
                ``(B) the date the contract was awarded;
                ``(C) the amount and scope of the contract;
                ``(D) if the contract was awarded through a competitive
            bidding process;
                ``(E) if no competitive bidding process was used, the
            reason why competitive bidding was not used; and
                ``(F) the authority used to bypass the competitive bidding
            process.
        The information shall be delineated by disaster, if applicable, and
        specify the damage category code, if applicable.
            ``(2) Report.--Not later than 10 days after the last day of the
        fiscal year, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management
        Agency shall provide a report to the appropriate committees of
        Congress summarizing the following information for the preceding
        fiscal year:
                ``(A) The number of contracts awarded without competitive
            bidding.
                ``(B) The reasons why a competitive bidding process was not
            used.
                ``(C) The total amount of contracts awarded with no
            competitive bidding.
                ``(D) The damage category codes, if applicable, for
            contracts awarded without competitive bidding.
        ``(e) Collection of Public Assistance Recipient and Subrecipient
    Contracts.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal
        Emergency Management Agency shall initiate and maintain an effort
        to collect and store information, prior to the project closeout
        phase on any contract entered into by a public assistance recipient
        or subrecipient that through the base award, available options, or
        any subsequent modifications has an estimated value of more than
        $1,000,000 and is funded through section 324, 403, 404, 406, 407,
        428, or 502, including--
                ``(A) the disaster number, project worksheet number, and
            the category of work associated with each contract;
                ``(B) the name of each party;
                ``(C) the date the contract was awarded;
                ``(D) the amount of the contract;
                ``(E) the scope of the contract;
                ``(F) the period of performance for the contract; and
                ``(G) whether the contract was awarded through a
            competitive bidding process.
            ``(2) Availability of information collected.--The Administrator
        of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall make the
        information collected and stored under paragraph (1) available to
        the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security, the
        Government Accountability Office, and appropriate committees of
        Congress, upon request.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal
        Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to the Committee
        on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives on the efforts of the Federal Emergency Management
        Agency to collect the information described in paragraph (1).''.
    SEC. 1225. AUDIT OF CONTRACTS.
        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of
    the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall not reimburse a State or
    local government, an Indian tribal government (as defined in section
    102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance
    Act (42 U.S.C. 5122), or the owner or operator of a private nonprofit
    facility (as defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122) for any activities
    made pursuant to a contract entered into after August 1, 2017, that
    prohibits the Administrator or the Comptroller General of the United
    States from auditing or otherwise reviewing all aspects relating to the
    contract.
    SEC. 1226. INSPECTOR GENERAL AUDIT OF FEMA CONTRACTS FOR TARPS AND
    PLASTIC SHEETING.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland
    Security shall initiate an audit of the contracts awarded by the Agency
    for tarps and plastic sheeting for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and
    the United States Virgin Islands in response to Hurricane Irma and
    Hurricane Maria.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the audit under subsection
    (a), the inspector general shall review--
            (1) the contracting process used by the Agency to evaluate
        offerors and award the relevant contracts to contractors;
            (2) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the past
        performance of the contractors, including any historical
        information showing that the contractors had supported large-scale
        delivery quantities in the past;
            (3) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the capacity of
        the contractors to carry out the relevant contracts, including with
        respect to inventory, production, and financial capabilities;
            (4) how the Agency ensured that the contractors met the terms
        of the relevant contracts; and
            (5) whether the failure of the contractors to meet the terms of
        the relevant contracts and the subsequent cancellation by the
        Agency of the relevant contracts affected the provision of tarps
        and plastic sheeting to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the
        United States Virgin Islands.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of initiation
    of the audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit
    to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
    Affairs of the Senate a report on the results of the audit, including
    findings and recommendations.
    SEC. 1227. RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS.
        Section 309 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5152) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``and other relief or'' and
        inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger relief, and
        other relief, or''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``and other relief or'' and
        inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger relief, and
        other relief, or''.
    SEC. 1228. GUIDANCE ON INUNDATED AND SUBMERGED ROADS.
        The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in
    coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Highway
    Administration, shall develop and issue guidance for State, local, and
    Indian tribal governments regarding repair, restoration, and
    replacement of inundated and submerged roads damaged or destroyed by a
    major disaster, and for associated expenses incurred by the Government,
    with respect to roads eligible for assistance under section 406 of the
    Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42
    U.S.C. 5172).
    SEC. 1229. EXTENSION OF ASSISTANCE.
        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the
    case of an individual eligible to receive unemployment assistance under
    section 410(a) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5177(a)) as a result of a disaster
    declaration made for Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria in the
    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands, the
    President shall make such assistance available for 52 weeks after the
    date of the disaster declaration effective as if enacted at the time of
    the disaster declaration.
        (b) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are
    authorized to carry out the requirements of this section.
    SEC. 1230. GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
        (a) Guidance.--The Administrator shall provide guidance to a common
    interest community that provides essential services of a governmental
    nature on actions that a common interest community may take in order to
    be eligible to receive reimbursement from a grantee that receives funds
    from the Agency for certain activities performed after an event that
    results in a major disaster declared by the President under section 401
    of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
    (42 U.S.C. 5170).
        (b) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the Committee
    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the
    Senate a legislative proposal on how to provide eligibility for
    disaster assistance with respect to common areas of condominiums and
    housing cooperatives.
        (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of
    enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 1231. GUIDANCE ON HAZARD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall issue guidance regarding
    the acquisition of property for open space as a mitigation measure
    under section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) that includes--
            (1) a process by which the State hazard mitigation officer
        appointed for such an acquisition shall, not later than 60 days
        after the applicant for assistance enters into an agreement with
        the Administrator regarding the acquisition, provide written
        notification to each affected unit of local government for such
        acquisition that includes--
                (A) the location of the acquisition;
                (B) the State-local assistance agreement for the hazard
            mitigation grant program;
                (C) a description of the acquisition; and
                (D) a copy of the deed restriction; and
            (2) recommendations for entering into and implementing a
        memorandum of understanding between units of local government and
        covered entities that includes provisions to allow an affected unit
        of local government notified under paragraph (1) to--
                (A) use and maintain the open space created by such a
            project, consistent with section 404 (including related
            regulations, standards, and guidance) and consistent with all
            adjoining property, subject to the notification of the
            adjoining property, so long as the cost of the maintenance is
            borne by the local government; and
                (B) maintain the open space pursuant to standards exceeding
            any local government standards defined in the agreement with
            the Administrator described under paragraph (1).
        (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Affected unit of local government.--The term ``affected
        unit of local government'' means any entity covered by the
        definition of local government in section 102 of the Robert T.
        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
        5122), that has jurisdiction over the property subject to the
        acquisition described in subsection (a).
            (2) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                (A) the grantee or subgrantee receiving assistance for an
            open space project described in subsection (a);
                (B) the State in which such project is located; and
                (C) the applicable Regional Administrator of the Agency.
    SEC. 1232. LOCAL IMPACT.
        (a) In General.--In making recommendations to the President
    regarding a major disaster declaration, the Administrator of the
    Federal Emergency Management Agency shall give greater consideration to
    severe local impact or recent multiple disasters. Further, the
    Administrator shall make corresponding adjustments to the Agency's
    policies and regulations regarding such consideration. Not later than 1
    year after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator
    shall report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and
    Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the changes made to regulations
    and policies and the number of declarations that have been declared
    based on the new criteria.
        (b) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of
    enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 1233. ADDITIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.
        Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c), as amended by this division, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Use of Assistance for Earthquake Hazards.--Recipients of
    hazard mitigation assistance provided under this section and section
    203 may use the assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the
    risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area
    affected by earthquake hazards, including--
            ``(1) improvements to regional seismic networks in support of
        building a capability for earthquake early warning;
            ``(2) improvements to geodetic networks in support of building
        a capability for earthquake early warning; and
            ``(3) improvements to seismometers, Global Positioning System
        receivers, and associated infrastructure in support of building a
        capability for earthquake early warning.''.
    SEC. 1234. NATIONAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PREDISASTER HAZARD
    MITIGATION.
        (a) Predisaster Hazard Mitigation.--Section 203 of the Robert T.
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133)
    is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c) by inserting ``Public Infrastructure''
        after ``the National'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(1)(B)--
                (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
                (B) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and
            inserting ``; or''; and
                (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(iv) to establish and carry out enforcement
                activities and implement the latest published editions of
                relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and
                standards that incorporate the latest hazard-resistant
                designs and establish minimum acceptable criteria for the
                design, construction, and maintenance of residential
                structures and facilities that may be eligible for
                assistance under this Act for the purpose of protecting the
                health, safety, and general welfare of the buildings' users
                against disasters.'';
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``for mitigation
            activities that are cost effective'' after ``competitive
            basis''; and
                (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Redistribution of unobligated amounts.--The President
        may--
                ``(A) withdraw amounts of financial assistance made
            available to a State (including amounts made available to local
            governments of a State) under this subsection that remain
            unobligated by the end of the third fiscal year after the
            fiscal year for which the amounts were allocated; and
                ``(B) in the fiscal year following a fiscal year in which
            amounts were withdrawn under subparagraph (A), add the amounts
            to any other amounts available to be awarded on a competitive
            basis pursuant to paragraph (1).'';
            (4) in subsection (g)--
                (A) by inserting ``provide financial assistance only in
            States that have received a major disaster declaration in the
            previous 7 years, or to any Indian tribal government located
            partially or entirely within the boundaries of such States,
            and'' after ``the President shall'';
                (B) in paragraph (9) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (C) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph (12); and
                (D) by adding after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) the extent to which the State, local, Indian tribal, or
        territorial government has facilitated the adoption and enforcement
        of the latest published editions of relevant consensus-based codes,
        specifications, and standards, including amendments made by State,
        local, Indian tribal, or territorial governments during the
        adoption process that incorporate the latest hazard-resistant
        designs and establish criteria for the design, construction, and
        maintenance of residential structures and facilities that may be
        eligible for assistance under this Act for the purpose of
        protecting the health, safety, and general welfare of the
        buildings' users against disasters;
            ``(11) the extent to which the assistance will fund activities
        that increase the level of resiliency; and'';
            (5) by striking subsection (i) and inserting the following:
        ``(i) National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation
    Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The President may set aside from the
        Disaster Relief Fund, with respect to each major disaster, an
        amount equal to 6 percent of the estimated aggregate amount of the
        grants to be made pursuant to sections 403, 406, 407, 408, 410,
        416, and 428 for the major disaster in order to provide technical
        and financial assistance under this section and such set aside
        shall be deemed to be related to activities carried out pursuant to
        major disasters under this Act.
            ``(2) Estimated aggregate amount.--Not later than 180 days
        after each major disaster declaration pursuant to this Act, the
        estimated aggregate amount of grants for purposes of paragraph (1)
        shall be determined by the President and such estimated amount need
        not be reduced, increased, or changed due to variations in
        estimates.
            ``(3) No reduction in amounts.--The amount set aside pursuant
        to paragraph (1) shall not reduce the amounts otherwise made
        available for sections 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 410, 416, and 428
        under this Act.''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (j) and (m);
            (7) by redesignating subsections (k), (l), and (n) as
        subsections (j), (k), and (l), respectively and
            (8) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(m) Latest Published Editions.--For purposes of subsections
    (e)(1)(B)(iv) and (g)(10), the term `latest published editions' means,
    with respect to relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and
    standards, the 2 most recently published editions.''.
        (b) Applicability.--The amendments made to section 203 of the
    Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42
    U.S.C. 5133) by paragraphs (3) and (5) of subsection (a) shall apply to
    funds appropriated on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
        (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) all funding expended from the National Public
        Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by Section
        203(i)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133), as added by this section, shall
        not be considered part of FEMA's regular appropriations for non-
        Stafford activities, also known as the Federal Emergency Management
        Agency's Disaster Relief Fund base; and
            (2) the President should have the funds related to the National
        Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by
        Section 203(i)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133), as added by this
        section, identified in and allocated from the Federal Emergency
        Management Agency's Disaster Relief Fund for major disasters
        declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).
        (d) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by
    striking subsection (m), as added by subsection (a)(8) of this section.
    SEC. 1235. ADDITIONAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.
        (a) Hazard Mitigation Clarification.--Section 404(a) of the Robert
    T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
    5170c(a)) is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the
    following: ``The President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost
    of hazard mitigation measures which the President has determined are
    cost effective and which substantially reduce the risk of, or increase
    resilience to, future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area
    affected by a major disaster.''.
        (b) Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)(1)(A))
    is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting after
        ``section,'' the following: ``for disasters declared on or after
        August 1, 2017, or a disaster in which a cost estimate has not yet
        been finalized for a project, or for any project for which the
        finalized cost estimate is on appeal,'';
            (2) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in clause (ii)--
                (A) by striking ``codes, specifications, and standards''
            and inserting ``the latest published editions of relevant
            consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards that
            incorporate the latest hazard-resistant designs and establish
            minimum acceptable criteria for the design, construction, and
            maintenance of residential structures and facilities that may
            be eligible for assistance under this Act for the purposes of
            protecting the health, safety, and general welfare of a
            facility's users against disasters'';
                (B) by striking ``applicable at the time at which the
            disaster occurred''; and
                (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(iii) in a manner that allows the facility to meet
                the definition of resilient developed pursuant to this
                subsection.''.
        (c) Other Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1) of the Robert T.
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
    5172(e)(1)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(C) Contributions.--Contributions for the eligible cost
            made under this section may be provided on an actual cost basis
            or on cost-estimation procedures.''.
        (d) New Rules.--Section 406(e) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)) is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) New rules.--
                ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date
            of enactment of this paragraph, the President, acting through
            the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency,
            and in consultation with the heads of relevant Federal
            departments and agencies, shall issue a final rulemaking that
            defines the terms `resilient' and `resiliency' for purposes of
            this subsection.
                ``(B) Interim guidance.--Not later than 60 days after the
            date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall
            issue interim guidance to implement this subsection. Such
            interim guidance shall expire 18 months after the date of
            enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of final
            regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), whichever occurs
            first.
                ``(C) Guidance.--Not later than 90 days after the date on
            which the Administrator issues the final rulemaking under this
            paragraph, the Administrator shall issue any necessary guidance
            related to the rulemaking.
                ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall submit to
            Congress a report summarizing the regulations and guidance
            issued pursuant to this paragraph.''.
        (e) Conforming Amendment.--Section 205(d)(2) of the Disaster
    Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 5172 note) is amended by inserting
    ``(B)'' after ``except that paragraph (1)''.
    SEC. 1236. GUIDANCE AND TRAINING BY FEMA ON COORDINATION OF EMERGENCY
    RESPONSE PLANS.
        (a) Training Requirement.--The Administrator, in coordination with
    other relevant agencies, shall provide guidance and training on an
    annual basis to State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first
    responders, and facilities that store hazardous materials on
    coordination of emergency response plans in the event of a major
    disaster or emergency, including severe weather events. The guidance
    and training shall include the following:
            (1) Providing a list of equipment required in the event a
        hazardous substance is released into the environment.
            (2) Outlining the health risks associated with exposure to
        hazardous substances to improve treatment response.
            (3) Publishing best practices for mitigating further danger to
        communities from hazardous substances.
        (b) Implementation.--The requirement of subsection (a) shall be
    implemented not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this
    Act.
    SEC. 1237. CERTAIN RECOUPMENT PROHIBITED.
        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Agency shall deem any covered disaster assistance to have been properly
    procured, provided, and utilized, and shall restore any funding of
    covered disaster assistance previously provided but subsequently
    withdrawn or deobligated.
        (b) Covered Disaster Assistance Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``covered disaster assistance'' means assistance--
            (1) provided to a local government pursuant to section 403,
        406, or 407 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, or 5173); and
            (2) with respect to which the inspector general of the
        Department of Homeland Security has determined, after an audit,
        that--
                (A) the Agency deployed to the local government a Technical
            Assistance Contractor to review field operations, provide
            eligibility advice, and assist with day-to-day decisions;
                (B) the Technical Assistance Contractor provided inaccurate
            information to the local government; and
                (C) the local government relied on the inaccurate
            information to determine that relevant contracts were eligible,
            reasonable, and reimbursable.
        (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of
    enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 1238. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS AND
    NONPROFIT FACILITIES.
        (a) Critical Document Fee Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 1 of the Passport Act
        of June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214) or any other provision of law, the
        President, in consultation with the Governor of a State, may
        provide a waiver under this subsection to an individual or
        household described in section 408(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(e)(1))
        for the following document replacement fees:
                (A) The passport application fee for individuals who lost
            their United States passport in a major disaster within the
            preceding three calendar years.
                (B) The file search fee for a United States passport.
                (C) The Application for Waiver of Passport and/or Visa form
            (Form I-193) fee.
                (D) The Permanent Resident Card replacement form (Form I-
            90) filing fee.
                (E) The Declaration of Intention form (Form N-300) filing
            fee.
                (F) The Naturalization/Citizenship Document replacement
            form (Form N-565) filing fee.
                (G) The Employment Authorization form (Form I-765) filing
            fee.
                (H) The biometric service fee.
            (2) Exemption from form requirement.--The authority of the
        President to waive fees under subparagraphs (C) through (H) of
        paragraph (1) applies regardless of whether the individual or
        household qualifies for a Form I-912 Request for Fee Waiver, or any
        successor thereto.
            (3) Exemption from assistance maximum.--The assistance limit in
        section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) shall not apply to any
        fee waived under this subsection.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator and the head of any
        other agency given critical document fee waiver authority under
        this subsection shall submit a report to the Committee on Homeland
        Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee
        on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives on the costs associated with providing critical
        document fee waivers as described in paragraph (1).
        (b) Federal Assistance to Private Nonprofit Childcare Facilities.--
    Section 102(11)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in the second subparagraph (A) (as added by Public Law 115-
        123), by inserting ``center-based childcare,'' after
        ``facility),''; and
            (2) in the first subparagraph (A), by striking ``(a) in
        general.--The term `private nonprofit facility' means private
        nonprofit educational, utility'' and all that follows through
        ``President.''.
        (c) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsection (b)(1) shall
    apply to any major disaster or emergency declared by the President
    under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on
    or after the date of enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 1239. COST OF ASSISTANCE ESTIMATES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the factors
    considered when evaluating a request for a major disaster declaration
    under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance
    Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), specifically the estimated cost of the
    assistance, and provide a report and briefing to the Committee on
    Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives.
        (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall review and initiate a rulemaking
    to update the factors considered when evaluating a Governor's request
    for a major disaster declaration, including reviewing how the Agency
    estimates the cost of major disaster assistance, and consider other
    impacts on the capacity of a jurisdiction to respond to disasters. In
    determining the capacity of a jurisdiction to respond to disasters, and
    prior to the issuance of such a rule, the Administrator shall engage in
    meaningful consultation with relevant representatives of State,
    regional, local, and Indian tribal government stakeholders.
    SEC. 1240. REPORT ON INSURANCE SHORTFALLS.
        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section,
    and each year thereafter until 2023, the Administrator of the Federal
    Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to Congress on the
    number of instances and the estimated amounts involved, by State, for
    cases in which self-insurance amounts have been insufficient to address
    flood damages.
    SEC. 1241. POST DISASTER BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT.
        (a) Building Safety Assessment Team.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall coordinate with State
        and local governments and organizations representing design
        professionals, such as architects and engineers, to develop
        guidance, including best practices, for post-disaster assessment of
        buildings by licensed architects and engineers to ensure the design
        professionals properly analyze the structural integrity and
        livability of buildings and structures.
            (2) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish the guidance
        required to be developed under paragraph (1) not later than 1 year
        after the date of enactment of this Act.
        (b) National Incident Management System.--The Administrator shall
    revise or issue guidance as required to the National Incident
    Management System Resource Management component to ensure the functions
    of post-disaster building safety assessment, such as those functions
    performed by design professionals are accurately resource typed within
    the National Incident Management System.
        (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of
    enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 1242. FEMA UPDATES ON NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS ASSESSMENT.
        Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    and every 6 months thereafter until completion, the Administrator shall
    submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
    of the Senate and the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure
    and Homeland Security of the House of Representatives an update on the
    progress of the Agency in completing action 6 with respect to the
    report published by the Government Accountability Office entitled
    ``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce Duplication, Overlap and
    Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance Revenue'' (February 28,
    2012), which recommends the Agency to--
            (1) complete a national preparedness assessment of capability
        gaps at each level based on tiered, capability-specific performance
        objectives to enable prioritization of grant funding; and
            (2) identify the potential costs for establishing and
        maintaining those capabilities at each level and determine what
        capabilities Federal agencies should provide.
    SEC. 1243. FEMA REPORT ON DUPLICATION IN NON-NATURAL DISASTER
    PREPAREDNESS GRANT PROGRAMS.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Homeland Security
    and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on
    Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the House of
    Representatives a report on the results of the efforts of the Agency to
    identify and prevent unnecessary duplication within and across the non-
    natural disaster preparedness grant programs of the Agency, as
    recommended in the report published by the Government Accountability
    Office entitled ``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce
    Duplication, Overlap and Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance
    Revenue'' (February 28, 2012), including with respect to--
            (1) the Urban Area Security Initiative established under
        section 2003 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 604);
            (2) the Port Security Grant Program authorized under section
        70107 of title 46, United States Code;
            (3) the State Homeland Security Grant Program established under
        section 2004 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 605);
        and
            (4) the Transit Security Grant Program authorized under titles
        XIV and XV of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11
        Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).
    SEC. 1244. STUDY AND REPORT.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into a contract with the
    National Academy of Medicine to conduct a study and prepare a report as
    described in subsection (b).
        (b) Study and Report.--
            (1) Study.--
                (A) In general.--The study described in this subsection
            shall be a study of matters concerning best practices in
            mortality counts as a result of a major disaster (as defined in
            section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
            Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122)).
                (B) Contents.--The study described in this subsection shall
            address approaches to quantifying mortality and significant
            morbidity among populations affected by major disasters, which
            shall include best practices and policy recommendations for--
                    (i) equitable and timely attribution, in order to
                facilitate access to available benefits, among other
                things;
                    (ii) timely prospective tracking of population levels
                of mortality and significant morbidity, and their causes,
                in order to continuously inform response efforts; and
                    (iii) a retrospective study of disaster-related
                mortality and significant morbidity to inform after-action
                analysis and improve subsequent preparedness efforts.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which the
        contract described in subsection (a) is entered into, the National
        Academy of Medicine shall complete and transmit to the
        Administrator a report on the study described in paragraph (1).
        (c) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are
    authorized to carry out the requirements of this section.
    SEC. 1245. REVIEW OF ASSISTANCE FOR DAMAGED UNDERGROUND WATER
    INFRASTRUCTURE.
        (a) Definition of Public Assistance Grant Program.--The term
    ``public assistance grant program'' means the public assistance grant
    program authorized under sections 403, 406, 407, 428, and 502(a) of the
    Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42
    U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, 5173, 5192(a)).
        (b) Review and Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) conduct a review of the assessment and eligibility process
        under the public assistance grant program with respect to
        assistance provided for damaged underground water infrastructure as
        a result of a major disaster declared under section 401 of such Act
        (42 U.S.C. 5170), including wildfires, and shall include the extent
        to which local technical memoranda, prepared by a local unit of
        government in consultation with the relevant State or Federal
        agencies, identified damaged underground water infrastructure that
        should be eligible for the public assistance grant program; and
            (2) provide to the Committee on Homeland Security and
        Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a
        briefing on the review conducted under paragraph (1).
        (c) Report and Recommendations.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this
        Act, issue a report on the review conducted under subsection
        (b)(1); and
            (2) not later than 180 days after the date on which the
        Administrator issues the report required under paragraph (1),
        initiate a rulemaking, if appropriate, to address any
        recommendations contained in the report.
    SEC. 1246. EXTENSION.
        The Administrator shall extend the deadlines to implement the
    reasonable and prudent alternative outlined in the jeopardy biological
    opinion dated April 14, 2016, by up to 3 years from the date of
    enactment of this Act. Within 18 months from the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Homeland
    Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Banking, Housing,
    and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of
    the Senate; and the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on
    Natural Resources, and the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the status
    of implementing these reasonable and prudent alternatives.

                          DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

    SEC. 1301. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``Concrete Masonry Products
    Research, Education, and Promotion Act of 2018''.
    SEC. 1302. DECLARATION OF POLICY.
        (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this division is to authorize the
    establishment of an orderly program for developing, financing, and
    carrying out an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of
    research, education, and promotion, including funds for marketing and
    market research activities, that is designed to--
            (1) strengthen the position of the concrete masonry products
        industry in the domestic marketplace;
            (2) maintain, develop, and expand markets and uses for concrete
        masonry products in the domestic marketplace; and
            (3) promote the use of concrete masonry products in
        construction and building.
        (b) Limitation.--Nothing in this division may be construed to
    provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of
    any person to manufacture concrete masonry products.
    SEC. 1303. DEFINITIONS.
        For the purposes of this division:
            (1) Block machine.--The term ``block machine'' means a piece of
        equipment that utilizes vibration and compaction to form concrete
        masonry products.
            (2) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Concrete Masonry
        Products Board established under section 1305.
            (3) Cavity.--The term ``cavity'' means the open space in the
        mold of a block machine capable of forming a single concrete
        masonry unit having nominal plan dimensions of 8 inches by 16
        inches.
            (4) Concrete masonry products.--The term ``concrete masonry
        products'' refers to a broader class of products, including
        concrete masonry units as well as hardscape products such as
        concrete pavers and segmental retaining wall units, manufactured on
        a block machine using dry-cast concrete.
            (5) Concrete masonry unit.--The term ``concrete masonry
        unit''--
                (A) means a concrete masonry product that is a manmade
            masonry unit having an actual width of 3 inches or greater and
            manufactured from dry-cast concrete using a block machine; and
                (B) includes concrete block and related concrete units used
            in masonry applications.
            (6) Conflict of interest.--The term ``conflict of interest''
        means, with respect to a member or employee of the Board, a
        situation in which such member or employee has a direct or indirect
        financial or other interest in a person that performs a service
        for, or enters into a contract with, for anything of economic
        value.
            (7) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department
        of Commerce.
            (8) Dry-cast concrete.--The term ``dry-cast concrete'' means a
        composite material that is composed essentially of aggregates
        embedded in a binding medium composed of a mixture of cementitious
        materials (including hydraulic cement, pozzolans, or other
        cementitious materials) and water of such a consistency to maintain
        its shape after forming in a block machine.
            (9) Education.--The term ``education'' means programs that will
        educate or communicate the benefits of concrete masonry products in
        safe and environmentally sustainable development, advancements in
        concrete masonry product technology and development, and other
        information and programs designed to generate increased demand for
        commercial, residential, multifamily, and institutional projects
        using concrete masonry products and to generally enhance the image
        of concrete masonry products.
            (10) Machine cavities.--The term ``machine cavities'' means the
        cavities with which a block machine could be equipped.
            (11) Machine cavities in operation.--The term ``machine
        cavities in operation'' means those machine cavities associated
        with a block machine that have produced concrete masonry units
        within the last 6 months of the date set for determining
        eligibility and is fully operable and capable of producing concrete
        masonry units.
            (12) Manufacturer.--The term ``manufacturer'' means any person
        engaged in the manufacturing of commercial concrete masonry
        products in the United States.
            (13) Masonry unit.--The term ``masonry unit'' means a
        noncombustible building product intended to be laid by hand or
        joined using mortar, grout, surface bonding, post-tensioning or
        some combination of these methods.
            (14) Order.--The term ``order'' means an order issued under
        section 1304.
            (15) Person.--The term ``person'' means any individual, group
        of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative,
        or any other entity.
            (16) Promotion.--The term ``promotion'' means any action,
        including paid advertising, to advance the image and desirability
        of concrete masonry products with the express intent of improving
        the competitive position and stimulating sales of concrete masonry
        products in the marketplace.
            (17) Research.--The term ``research'' means studies testing the
        effectiveness of market development and promotion efforts, studies
        relating to the improvement of concrete masonry products and new
        product development, and studies documenting the performance of
        concrete masonry.
            (18) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of
        Commerce.
            (19) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the
        several States and the District of Columbia.
    SEC. 1304. ISSUANCE OF ORDERS.
        (a) In General.--
            (1) Issuance.--The Secretary, subject to the procedures
        provided in subsection (b), shall issue orders under this division
        applicable to manufacturers of concrete masonry products.
            (2) Scope.--Any order shall be national in scope.
            (3) One order.--Not more than 1 order shall be in effect at any
        one time.
        (b) Procedures.--
            (1) Development or receipt of proposed order.--A proposed order
        with respect to the generic research, education, and promotion with
        regards to concrete masonry products may be--
                (A) proposed by the Secretary at any time; or
                (B) requested by or submitted to the Secretary by--
                    (i) an existing national organization of concrete
                masonry product manufacturers; or
                    (ii) any person that may be affected by the issuance of
                an order.
            (2) Publication of proposed order.--If the Secretary determines
        that a proposed order received in accordance with paragraph (1)(B)
        is consistent with and will effectuate the purpose of this
        division, the Secretary shall publish such proposed order in the
        Federal Register not later than 90 days after receiving the order,
        and give not less than 30 days notice and opportunity for public
        comment on the proposed order.
            (3) Issuance of order.--
                (A) In general.--After notice and opportunity for public
            comment are provided in accordance with paragraph (2), the
            Secretary shall issue the order, taking into consideration the
            comments received and including in the order such provisions as
            are necessary to ensure that the order is in conformity with
            this division.
                (B) Effective date.--If there is an affirmative vote in a
            referendum as provided in section 1307, the Secretary shall
            issue the order and such order shall be effective not later
            than 140 days after publication of the proposed order.
        (c) Amendments.--The Secretary may, from time to time, amend an
    order. The provisions of this division applicable to an order shall be
    applicable to any amendment to an order.
    SEC. 1305. REQUIRED TERMS IN ORDERS.
        (a) In General.--Any order issued under this division shall contain
    the terms and provisions specified in this section.
        (b) Concrete Masonry Products Board.--
            (1) Establishment and membership.--
                (A) Establishment.--The order shall provide for the
            establishment of a Concrete Masonry Products Board to carry out
            a program of generic promotion, research, and education
            regarding concrete masonry products.
                (B) Membership.--
                    (i) Number of members.--The Board shall consist of not
                fewer than 15 and not more than 25 members.
                    (ii) Appointment.--The members of the Board shall be
                appointed by the Secretary from nominations submitted as
                provided in the order.
                    (iii) Composition.--The Board shall consist of
                manufacturers. No employee of an industry trade
                organization exempt from tax under paragraph (3) or (6) of
                section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
                representing the concrete masonry industry or related
                industries shall serve as a member of the Board and no
                member of the Board may serve concurrently as an officer of
                the board of directors of a national concrete masonry
                products industry trade association. Only 2 individuals
                from any single company or its affiliates may serve on the
                Board at any one time.
            (2) Distribution of appointments.--
                (A) Representation.--To ensure fair and equitable
            representation of the concrete masonry products industry, the
            composition of the Board shall reflect the geographical
            distribution of the manufacture of concrete masonry products in
            the United States, the types of concrete masonry products
            manufactured, and the range in size of manufacturers in the
            United States.
                (B) Adjustment in board representation.--Three years after
            the assessment of concrete masonry products commences pursuant
            to an order, and at the end of each 3-year period thereafter,
            the Board, subject to the review and approval of the Secretary,
            shall, if warranted, recommend to the Secretary the
            reapportionment of the Board membership to reflect changes in
            the geographical distribution of the manufacture of concrete
            masonry products and the types of concrete masonry products
            manufactured.
            (3) Nominations process.--The Secretary may make appointments
        from nominations by manufacturers pursuant to the method set forth
        in the order.
            (4) Failure to appoint.--If the Secretary fails to make an
        appointment to the Board within 60 days of receiving nominations
        for such appointment, the first nominee for such appointment shall
        be deemed appointed, unless the Secretary provides reasonable
        justification for the delay to the Board and to Congress and
        provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval will be
        made.
            (5) Alternates.--The order shall provide for the selection of
        alternate members of the Board by the Secretary in accordance with
        procedures specified in the order.
            (6) Terms.--
                (A) In general.--The members and any alternates of the
            Board shall each serve for a term of 3 years, except that
            members and any alternates initially appointed to the Board
            shall serve for terms of not more than 2, 3, and 4 years, as
            specified by the order.
                (B) Limitation on consecutive terms.--A member or an
            alternate may serve not more than 2 consecutive terms.
                (C) Continuation of term.--Notwithstanding subparagraph
            (B), each member or alternate shall continue to serve until a
            successor is appointed by the Secretary.
                (D) Vacancies.--A vacancy arising before the expiration of
            a term of office of an incumbent member or alternate of the
            Board shall be filled in a manner provided for in the order.
            (7) Disqualification from board service.--The order shall
        provide that if a member or alternate of the Board who was
        appointed as a manufacturer ceases to qualify as a manufacturer,
        such member or alternate shall be disqualified from serving on the
        Board.
            (8) Compensation.--
                (A) In general.--Members and any alternates of the Board
            shall serve without compensation.
                (B) Travel expenses.--If approved by the Board, members or
            alternates shall be reimbursed for reasonable travel expenses,
            which may include per diem allowance or actual subsistence
            incurred while away from their homes or regular places of
            business in the performance of services for the Board.
        (c) Powers and Duties of the Board.--The order shall specify the
    powers and duties of the Board, including the power and duty--
            (1) to administer the order in accordance with its terms and
        conditions and to collect assessments;
            (2) to develop and recommend to the Secretary for approval such
        bylaws as may be necessary for the functioning of the Board and
        such rules as may be necessary to administer the order, including
        activities authorized to be carried out under the order;
            (3) to meet, organize, and select from among members of the
        Board a chairperson, other officers, and committees and
        subcommittees, as the Board determines appropriate;
            (4) to establish regional organizations or committees to
        administer regional initiatives;
            (5) to establish working committees of persons other than Board
        members;
            (6) to employ such persons, other than the members, as the
        Board considers necessary, and to determine the compensation and
        specify the duties of the persons;
            (7) to prepare and submit for the approval of the Secretary,
        before the beginning of each fiscal year, rates of assessment under
        section 1306 and an annual budget of the anticipated expenses to be
        incurred in the administration of the order, including the probable
        cost of each promotion, research, and information activity proposed
        to be developed or carried out by the Board;
            (8) to borrow funds necessary for the startup expenses of the
        order;
            (9) to carry out generic research, education, and promotion
        programs and projects relating to concrete masonry products, and to
        pay the costs of such programs and projects with assessments
        collected under section 1306;
            (10) subject to subsection (e), to enter into contracts or
        agreements to develop and carry out programs or projects of
        research, education, and promotion relating to concrete masonry
        products;
            (11) to keep minutes, books, and records that reflect the
        actions and transactions of the Board, and promptly report minutes
        of each Board meeting to the Secretary;
            (12) to receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary
        complaints of violations of the order;
            (13) to furnish the Secretary with such information as the
        Secretary may request;
            (14) to recommend to the Secretary such amendments to the order
        as the Board considers appropriate; and
            (15) to provide the Secretary with advance notice of meetings
        to permit the Secretary, or the representative of the Secretary, to
        attend the meetings.
        (d) Programs and Projects; Budgets; Expenses.--
            (1) Programs and projects.--
                (A) In general.--The order shall require the Board to
            submit to the Secretary for approval any program or project of
            research, education, or promotion relating to concrete masonry
            products.
                (B) Statement required.--Any educational or promotional
            activity undertaken with funds provided by the Board shall
            include a statement that such activities were supported in
            whole or in part by the Board.
            (2) Budgets.--
                (A) Submission.--The order shall require the Board to
            submit to the Secretary for approval a budget of the
            anticipated expenses and disbursements of the Board in the
            implementation of the order, including the projected costs of
            concrete masonry products research, education, and promotion
            programs and projects.
                (B) Timing.--The budget shall be submitted before the
            beginning of a fiscal year and as frequently as may be
            necessary after the beginning of the fiscal year.
                (C) Approval.--If the Secretary fails to approve or reject
            a budget within 60 days of receipt, such budget shall be deemed
            approved, unless the Secretary provides to the Board and to
            Congress, in writing, reasonable justification for the delay
            and provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval
            will be made.
            (3) Administrative expenses.--
                (A) Incurring expenses.--The Board may incur the expenses
            described in paragraph (2) and other expenses for the
            administration, maintenance, and functioning of the Board as
            authorized by the Secretary.
                (B) Payment of expenses.--Expenses incurred under
            subparagraph (A) shall be paid by the Board using assessments
            collected under section 1306, earnings obtained from
            assessments, and other income of the Board. Any funds borrowed
            by the Board shall be expended only for startup costs and
            capital outlays.
                (C) Limitation on spending.--For fiscal years beginning 3
            or more years after the date of the establishment of the Board,
            the Board may not expend for administration (except for
            reimbursement to the Secretary required under subparagraph
            (D)), maintenance, and functioning of the Board in a fiscal
            year an amount that exceeds 10 percent of the assessment and
            other income received by the Board for the fiscal year.
                (D) Reimbursement of secretary.--The order shall require
            that the Secretary be reimbursed by the Board from assessments
            for all expenses incurred by the Secretary in the
            implementation, administration, and supervision of the order,
            including all referenda costs incurred in connection with the
            order.
        (e) Contracts and Agreements.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall provide that, with the
        approval of the Secretary, the Board may--
                (A) enter into contracts and agreements to carry out
            generic research, education, and promotion programs and
            projects relating to concrete masonry products, including
            contracts and agreements with manufacturer associations or
            other entities as considered appropriate by the Secretary;
                (B) enter into contracts and agreements for administrative
            services; and
                (C) pay the cost of approved generic research, education,
            and promotion programs and projects using assessments collected
            under section 1306, earnings obtained from assessments, and
            other income of the Board.
            (2) Requirements.--Each contract or agreement shall provide
        that any person who enters into the contract or agreement with the
        Board shall--
                (A) develop and submit to the Board a proposed program or
            project together with a budget that specifies the cost to be
            incurred to carry out the program or project;
                (B) keep accurate records of all transactions relating to
            the contract or agreement;
                (C) account for funds received and expended in connection
            with the contract or agreement;
                (D) make periodic reports to the Board of activities
            conducted under the contract or agreement; and
                (E) make such other reports as the Board or the Secretary
            considers relevant.
            (3) Failure to approve.--If the Secretary fails to approve or
        reject a contract or agreement entered into under paragraph (1)
        within 60 days of receipt, the contract or agreement shall be
        deemed approved, unless the Secretary provides to the Board and to
        Congress, in writing, reasonable justification for the delay and
        provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval will be
        made.
        (f) Books and Records of Board.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall require the Board to--
                (A) maintain such books and records (which shall be
            available to the Secretary for inspection and audit) as the
            Secretary may require;
                (B) collect and submit to the Secretary, at any time the
            Secretary may specify, any information the Secretary may
            request; and
                (C) account for the receipt and disbursement of all funds
            in the possession, or under the control, of the Board.
            (2) Audits.--The order shall require the Board to have--
                (A) the books and records of the Board audited by an
            independent auditor at the end of each fiscal year; and
                (B) a report of the audit submitted directly to the
            Secretary.
        (g) Prohibited Activities.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Board shall not
        engage in any program or project to, nor shall any funds received
        by the Board under this division be used to--
                (A) influence legislation, elections, or governmental
            action;
                (B) engage in an action that would be a conflict of
            interest;
                (C) engage in advertising that is false or misleading;
                (D) engage in any promotion, research, or education that
            would be disparaging to other construction materials; or
                (E) engage in any promotion or project that would benefit
            any individual manufacturer.
            (2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) does not preclude--
                (A) the development and recommendation of amendments to the
            order;
                (B) the communication to appropriate government officials
            of information relating to the conduct, implementation, or
            results of research, education, and promotion activities under
            the order except communications described in paragraph (1)(A);
            or
                (C) any lawful action designed to market concrete masonry
            products directly to a foreign government or political
            subdivision of a foreign government.
        (h) Periodic Evaluation.--The order shall require the Board to
    provide for the independent evaluation of all research, education, and
    promotion programs or projects undertaken under the order, beginning 5
    years after the date of enactment of this Act and every 3 years
    thereafter. The Board shall submit to the Secretary and make available
    to the public the results of each such evaluation.
        (i) Objectives.--The Board shall establish annual research,
    education, and promotion objectives and performance metrics for each
    fiscal year subject to approval by the Secretary.
        (j) Biennial Report.--Every 2 years the Board shall prepare and
    make publicly available a comprehensive and detailed report that
    includes an identification and description of all programs and projects
    undertaken by the Board during the previous 2 years as well as those
    planned for the subsequent 2 years and detail the allocation or planned
    allocation of Board resources for each such program or project. Such
    report shall also include--
            (1) the overall financial condition of the Board;
            (2) a summary of the amounts obligated or expended during the 2
        preceding fiscal years; and
            (3) a description of the extent to which the objectives of the
        Board were met according to the metrics required under subsection
        (i).
        (k) Books and Records of Persons Covered by Order.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall require that manufacturers
        shall--
                (A) maintain records sufficient to ensure compliance with
            the order and regulations; and
                (B) make the records described in subparagraph (A)
            available, during normal business hours, for inspection by
            employees or agents of the Board or the Department.
            (2) Time requirement.--Any record required to be maintained
        under paragraph (1) shall be maintained for such time period as the
        Secretary may prescribe.
            (3) Confidentiality of information.--
                (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this
            paragraph, trade secrets and commercial or financial
            information that is privileged or confidential reported to, or
            otherwise obtained by the Board or the Secretary (or any
            representative of the Board or the Secretary) under this
            division shall not be disclosed by any officers, employees, and
            agents of the Department or the Board.
                (B) Suits and hearings.--Information referred to in
            subparagraph (A) may be disclosed only if--
                    (i) the Secretary considers the information relevant;
                and
                    (ii) the information is revealed in a judicial
                proceeding or administrative hearing brought at the
                direction or on the request of the Secretary or to which
                the Secretary or any officer of the Department is a party.
                (C) General statements and publications.--This paragraph
            does not prohibit--
                    (i) the issuance of general statements based on reports
                or on information relating to a number of persons subject
                to an order if the statements do not identify the
                information furnished by any person; or
                    (ii) the publication, by direction of the Secretary, of
                the name of any person violating any order and a statement
                of the particular provisions of the order violated by the
                person.
                (D) Penalty.--Any officer, employee, or agent of the
            Department of Commerce or any officer, employee, or agent of
            the Board who willfully violates this paragraph shall be fined
            not more than $1,000 and imprisoned for not more than 1 year,
            or both.
            (4) Withholding information.--This subsection does not
        authorize the withholding of information from Congress.
    SEC. 1306. ASSESSMENTS.
        (a) Assessments.--The order shall provide that assessments shall be
    paid by a manufacturer if the manufacturer has manufactured concrete
    masonry products during a period of at least 180 days prior to the date
    the assessment is to be remitted.
        (b) Collection.--
            (1) In general.--Assessments required under the order shall be
        remitted by the manufacturer to the Board in the manner prescribed
        by the order.
            (2) Timing.--The order shall provide that assessments required
        under the order shall be remitted to the Board not less frequently
        than quarterly.
            (3) Records.--As part of the remittance of assessments,
        manufacturers shall identify the total amount due in assessments on
        all sales receipts, invoices or other commercial documents of sale
        as a result of the sale of concrete masonry units in a manner as
        prescribed by the Board to ensure compliance with the order.
        (c) Assessment Rates.--With respect to assessment rates, the order
    shall contain the following terms:
            (1) Initial rate.--The assessment rate on concrete masonry
        products shall be $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
            (2) Changes in the rate.--
                (A) Authority to change rate.--The Board shall have the
            authority to change the assessment rate. A two-thirds majority
            of voting members of the Board shall be required to approve a
            change in the assessment rate.
                (B) Limitation on increases.--An increase or decrease in
            the assessment rate with respect to concrete masonry products
            may not exceed $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
                (C) Maximum rate.--The assessment rate shall not be in
            excess of $0.05 per concrete masonry unit.
                (D) Limitation on frequency of changes.--The assessment
            rate may not be increased or decreased more than once annually.
        (d) Late-Payment and Interest Charges.--
            (1) In general.--Late-payment and interest charges may be
        levied on each person subject to the order who fails to remit an
        assessment in accordance with subsection (b).
            (2) Rate.--The rate for late-payment and interest charges shall
        be specified by the Secretary.
        (e) Investment of Assessments.--Pending disbursement of assessments
    under a budget approved by the Secretary, the Board may invest
    assessments collected under this section in--
            (1) obligations of the United States or any agency of the
        United States;
            (2) general obligations of any State or any political
        subdivision of a State;
            (3) interest-bearing accounts or certificates of deposit of
        financial institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve
        System; or
            (4) obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest
        by the United States.
        (f) Assessment Funds for Regional Initiatives.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall provide that not less than 50
        percent of the assessments (less administration expenses) paid by a
        manufacturer shall be used to support research, education, and
        promotion programs and projects in support of the geographic region
        of the manufacturer.
            (2) Geographic regions.--The order shall provide for the
        following geographic regions:
                (A) Region I shall comprise Connecticut, Delaware, the
            District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New
            Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
            Vermont, and West Virginia.
                (B) Region II shall comprise Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
            Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and
            Virginia.
                (C) Region III shall comprise Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
            Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
            South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
                (D) Region IV shall comprise Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas,
            Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
                (E) Region V shall comprise Alaska, California, Colorado,
            Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and
            Wyoming.
            (3) Adjustment of geographic regions.--The order shall provide
        that the Secretary may, upon recommendation of the Board, modify
        the composition of the geographic regions described in paragraph
        (2).
    SEC. 1307. REFERENDA.
        (a) Initial Referendum.--
            (1) Referendum required.--During the 60-day period immediately
        preceding the proposed effective date of the order issued under
        section 1304, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among
        manufacturers eligible under subsection (b)(2) subject to
        assessments under section 1306.
            (2) Approval of order needed.--The order shall become effective
        only if the Secretary determines that the order has been approved
        by a majority of manufacturers voting who also represent a majority
        of the machine cavities in operation of those manufacturers voting
        in the referendum.
        (b) Votes Permitted.--
            (1) In general.--Each manufacturer eligible to vote in a
        referendum conducted under this section shall be entitled to cast 1
        vote.
            (2) Eligibility.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a manufacturer
        shall be considered to be eligible to vote if the manufacturer has
        manufactured concrete masonry products during a period of at least
        180 days prior to the first day of the period during which voting
        in the referendum will occur.
        (c) Manner of Conducting Referenda.--
            (1) In general.--Referenda conducted pursuant to this section
        shall be conducted in a manner determined by the Secretary.
            (2) Advance registration.--A manufacturer who chooses to vote
        in any referendum conducted under this section shall register with
        the Secretary prior to the voting period, after receiving notice
        from the Secretary concerning the referendum under paragraph (4).
            (3) Voting.--The Secretary shall establish procedures for
        voting in any referendum conducted under this section. The ballots
        and other information or reports that reveal or tend to reveal the
        identity or vote of voters shall be strictly confidential.
            (4) Notice.--Not later than 30 days before a referendum is
        conducted under this section with respect to an order, the
        Secretary shall notify all manufacturers, in such a manner as
        determined by the Secretary, of the period during which voting in
        the referendum will occur. The notice shall explain any
        registration and voting procedures established under this
        subsection.
        (d) Subsequent Referenda.--If an order is approved in a referendum
    conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall conduct a
    subsequent referendum--
            (1) at the request of the Board, subject to the voting
        requirements of subsections (b) and (c), to ascertain whether
        eligible manufacturers favor suspension, termination, or
        continuance of the order; or
            (2) effective beginning on the date that is 5 years after the
        date of the approval of the order, and at 5-year intervals
        thereafter, at the request of 25 percent or more of the total
        number of persons eligible to vote under subsection (b).
        (e) Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result of a referendum
    conducted under subsection (d), the Secretary determines that
    suspension or termination of the order is favored by a majority of all
    votes cast in the referendum as provided in subsection (a)(2), the
    Secretary shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the referendum, suspend or
        terminate, as appropriate, collection of assessments under the
        order; and
            (2) suspend or terminate, as appropriate, programs and projects
        under the order as soon as practicable and in an orderly manner.
        (f) Costs of Referenda.--The Board established under an order with
    respect to which a referendum is conducted under this section shall
    reimburse the Secretary from assessments for any expenses incurred by
    the Secretary to conduct the referendum.
    SEC. 1308. PETITION AND REVIEW.
        (a) Petition.--
            (1) In general.--A person subject to an order issued under this
        division may file with the Secretary a petition--
                (A) stating that the order, any provision of the order, or
            any obligation imposed in connection with the order, is not
            established in accordance with law; and
                (B) requesting a modification of the order or an exemption
            from the order.
            (2) Hearing.--The Secretary shall give the petitioner an
        opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with
        regulations issued by the Secretary.
            (3) Ruling.--After the hearing, the Secretary shall make a
        ruling on the petition. The ruling shall be final, subject to
        review as set forth in subsection (b).
            (4) Limitation on petition.--Any petition filed under this
        subsection challenging an order, any provision of the order, or any
        obligation imposed in connection with the order, shall be filed not
        less than 2 years after the effective date of the order, provision,
        or obligation subject to challenge in the petition.
        (b) Review.--
            (1) Commencement of action.--The district courts of the United
        States in any district in which a person who is a petitioner under
        subsection (a) resides or conducts business shall have jurisdiction
        to review the ruling of the Secretary on the petition of the
        person, if a complaint requesting the review is filed no later than
        30 days after the date of the entry of the ruling by the Secretary.
            (2) Process.--Service of process in proceedings under this
        subsection shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules
        of Civil Procedure.
            (3) Remands.--If the court in a proceeding under this
        subsection determines that the ruling of the Secretary on the
        petition of the person is not in accordance with law, the court
        shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions--
                (A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be
            in accordance with law; or
                (B) to take such further action as, in the opinion of the
            court, the law requires.
        (c) Enforcement.--The pendency of proceedings instituted under this
    section shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the
    Secretary from obtaining relief under section 1309.
    SEC. 1309. ENFORCEMENT.
        (a) Jurisdiction.--A district court of the United States shall have
    jurisdiction to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from
    violating, this division or an order or regulation issued by the
    Secretary under this division.
        (b) Referral to Attorney General.--A civil action authorized to be
    brought under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General of
    the United States for appropriate action.
        (c) Civil Penalties and Orders.--
            (1) Civil penalties.--A person who willfully violates an order
        or regulation issued by the Secretary under this division may be
        assessed by the Secretary a civil penalty of not more than $5,000
        for each violation.
            (2) Separate offense.--Each violation and each day during which
        there is a failure to comply with an order or regulation issued by
        the Secretary shall be considered to be a separate offense.
            (3) Cease-and-desist orders.--In addition to, or in lieu of, a
        civil penalty, the Secretary may issue an order requiring a person
        to cease and desist from violating the order or regulation.
            (4) Notice and hearing.--No order assessing a penalty or cease-
        and-desist order may be issued by the Secretary under this
        subsection unless the Secretary provides notice and an opportunity
        for a hearing on the record with respect to the violation.
            (5) Finality.--An order assessing a penalty or a cease-and-
        desist order issued under this subsection by the Secretary shall be
        final and conclusive unless the person against whom the order is
        issued files an appeal from the order with the appropriate district
        court of the United States.
        (d) Additional Remedies.--The remedies provided in this division
    shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may
    be available.
    SEC. 1310. INVESTIGATION AND POWER TO SUBPOENA.
        (a) Investigations.--The Secretary may conduct such investigations
    as the Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration
    of this division, or to determine whether any person has engaged or is
    engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this division or
    any order or regulation issued under this division.
        (b) Subpoenas, Oaths, and Affirmations.--
            (1) Investigations.--For the purpose of conducting an
        investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer
        oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance
        of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any
        records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of the
        records may be required from any place in the United States.
            (2) Administrative hearings.--For the purpose of an
        administrative hearing held under section 1308(a)(2) or section
        1309(c)(4), the presiding officer may administer oaths and
        affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of
        witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records
        that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and
        the production of the records may be required from any place in the
        United States.
        (c) Aid of Courts.--
            (1) In general.--In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to
        obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b) to, any person, the
        Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States
        within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or proceeding is
        conducted, or where the person resides or conducts business, in
        order to enforce a subpoena issued under subsection (b).
            (2) Order.--The court may issue an order requiring the person
        referred to in paragraph (1) to comply with a subpoena referred to
        in paragraph (1).
            (3) Failure to obey.--Any failure to obey the order of the
        court may be punished by the court as a contempt of court.
            (4) Process.--Process in any proceeding under this subsection
        may be served in the United States judicial district in which the
        person being proceeded against resides or conducts business, or
        wherever the person may be found.
    SEC. 1311. SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION.
        (a) Mandatory Suspension or Termination.--The Secretary shall
    suspend or terminate an order or a provision of an order if the
    Secretary finds that an order or provision of an order obstructs or
    does not tend to effectuate the purpose of this division, or if the
    Secretary determines that the order or a provision of an order is not
    favored by a majority of all votes cast in the referendum as provided
    in section 1307(a)(2).
        (b) Implementation of Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result
    of a referendum conducted under section 1307, the Secretary determines
    that the order is not approved, the Secretary shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after making the determination,
        suspend or terminate, as the case may be, collection of assessments
        under the order; and
            (2) as soon as practicable, suspend or terminate, as the case
        may be, activities under the order in an orderly manner.
    SEC. 1312. AMENDMENTS TO ORDERS.
        The provisions of this division applicable to the order shall be
    applicable to any amendment to the order, except that section 1308
    shall not apply to an amendment.
    SEC. 1313. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.
        This division shall not affect or preempt any other Federal or
    State law authorizing research, education, and promotion relating to
    concrete masonry products.
    SEC. 1314. REGULATIONS.
        The Secretary may issue such regulations as may be necessary to
    carry out this division and the power vested in the Secretary under
    this division.
    SEC. 1315. LIMITATION ON EXPENDITURES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.
        Funds appropriated to carry out this division may not be used for
    the payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in
    administering the order.
    SEC. 1316. LIMITATIONS ON OBLIGATION OF FUNDS.
        (a) In General.--In each fiscal year of the covered period, the
    Board may not obligate an amount greater than the sum of--
            (1) 73 percent of the amount of assessments estimated to be
        collected under section 1306 in such fiscal year;
            (2) 73 percent of the amount of assessments actually collected
        under section 1306 in the most recent fiscal year for which an
        audit report has been submitted under section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of
        the beginning of the fiscal year for which the amount that may be
        obligated is being determined, less the estimate made pursuant to
        paragraph (1) for such most recent fiscal year; and
            (3) amounts permitted in preceding fiscal years to be obligated
        pursuant to this subsection that have not been obligated.
        (b) Excess Amounts Deposited in Escrow Account.--Assessments
    collected under section 1306 in excess of the amount permitted to be
    obligated under subsection (a) in a fiscal year shall be deposited in
    an escrow account for the duration of the covered period.
        (c) Treatment of Amounts in Escrow Account.--During the covered
    period, the Board may not obligate, expend, or borrow against amounts
    required under subsection (b) to be deposited in the escrow account.
    Any interest earned on such amounts shall be deposited in the escrow
    account and shall be unavailable for obligation for the duration of the
    covered period.
        (d) Release of Amounts in Escrow Account.--After the covered
    period, the Board may withdraw and obligate in any fiscal year an
    amount in the escrow account that does not exceed \1/5\ of the amount
    in the escrow account on the last day of the covered period.
        (e) Special Rule for Estimates for Particular Fiscal Years.--
            (1) Rule.--For purposes of subsection (a)(1), the amount of
        assessments estimated to be collected under section 1306 in a
        fiscal year specified in paragraph (2) shall be equal to 62 percent
        of the amount of assessments actually collected under such section
        in the most recent fiscal year for which an audit report has been
        submitted under section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of the beginning of the
        fiscal year for which the amount that may be obligated is being
        determined.
            (2) Fiscal years specified.--The fiscal years specified in this
        paragraph are the 9th and 10th fiscal years that begin on or after
        the date of enactment of this Act.
        (f) Covered Period Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered
    period'' means the period that begins on the date of enactment of this
    Act and ends on the last day of the 11th fiscal year that begins on or
    after such date of enactment.
    SEC. 1317. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.
        Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare a study, and not
    later than 8 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Comptroller General shall submit to Congress and the Secretary a
    report, examining--
            (1) how the Board spends assessments collected;
            (2) the extent to which the reported activities of the Board
        help achieve the annual objectives of the Board;
            (3) any changes in demand for concrete masonry products
        relative to other building materials;
            (4) any impact of the activities of the Board on the market
        share of competing products;
            (5) any impact of the activities of the Board on the overall
        size of the market for building products;
            (6) any impact of the activities of the Board on the total
        number of concrete-masonry-related jobs, including manufacturing,
        sales, and installation;
            (7) any significant effects of the activities of the Board on
        downstream purchasers of concrete masonry products and real
        property into which concrete masonry products are incorporated;
            (8) effects on prices of concrete masonry products as a result
        of the activities of the Board;
            (9) the cost to the Federal Government of an increase in
        concrete masonry product prices, if any, as a result of the program
        established by this division;
            (10) the extent to which key statutory requirements are met;
            (11) the extent and strength of Federal oversight of the
        program established by this division;
            (12) the appropriateness of administering the program from
        within the Office of the Secretary of Commerce and the
        appropriateness of administering the program from within any
        division of the Department, including whether the Department has
        the expertise, knowledge, or other capabilities necessary to
        adequately administer the program; and
            (13) any other topic that the Comptroller General considers
        appropriate.
    SEC. 1318. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
        Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall prepare a study and submit to Congress a report
    examining the appropriateness and effectiveness of applying the
    commodity check-off program model (such as those programs established
    under the Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996 (7
    U.S.C. 7411 et seq.)) to a nonagricultural industry, taking into
    account the program established by this division and any other check-
    off program involving a nonagricultural industry.

                         DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

    SEC. 1401. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``Better Utilization of
    Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018'' or the ``BUILD Act of
    2018''.
    SEC. 1402. DEFINITIONS.
        In this division:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
            Appropriations of the Senate; and
                (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
            Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Less developed country.--The term ``less developed
        country'' means a country with a low-income economy, lower-middle-
        income economy, or upper-middle-income economy, as defined by the
        International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the
        International Development Association (collectively referred to as
        the ``World Bank'').
            (3) Predecessor authority.--The term ``predecessor authority''
        means authorities repealed by title VI.
            (4) Qualifying sovereign entity.--The term ``qualifying
        sovereign entity'' means--
                (A) any agency or instrumentality of a foreign state (as
            defined in section 1603 of title 28, United States Code) that
            has a purpose that is similar to the purpose of the Corporation
            as described in section 1412(b); or
                (B) any international financial institution (as defined in
            section 1701(c) of the International Financial Institutions Act
            (22 U.S.C. 262r(c))).

                             TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

    SEC. 1411. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
        It is the policy of the United States to facilitate market-based
    private sector development and inclusive economic growth in less
    developed countries through the provision of credit, capital, and other
    financial support--
            (1) to mobilize private capital in support of sustainable,
        broad-based economic growth, poverty reduction, and development
        through demand-driven partnerships with the private sector that
        further the foreign policy interests of the United States;
            (2) to finance development that builds and strengthens civic
        institutions, promotes competition, and provides for public
        accountability and transparency;
            (3) to help private sector actors overcome identifiable market
        gaps and inefficiencies without distorting markets;
            (4) to achieve clearly defined economic and social development
        outcomes;
            (5) to coordinate with institutions with purposes similar to
        the purposes of the Corporation to leverage resources of those
        institutions to produce the greatest impact;
            (6) to provide countries a robust alternative to state-directed
        investments by authoritarian governments and United States
        strategic competitors using best practices with respect to
        transparency and environmental and social safeguards, and which
        take into account the debt sustainability of partner countries;
            (7) to leverage private sector capabilities and innovative
        development tools to help countries transition from recipients of
        bilateral development assistance toward increased self-reliance;
        and
            (8) to complement and be guided by overall United States
        foreign policy, development, and national security objectives,
        taking into account the priorities and needs of countries receiving
        support.
    SEC. 1412. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.
        (a) Establishment.--There is established in the executive branch
    the United States International Development Finance Corporation (in
    this division referred to as the ``Corporation''), which shall be a
    wholly owned Government corporation for purposes of chapter 91 of title
    31, United States Code, under the foreign policy guidance of the
    Secretary of State.
        (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Corporation shall be to mobilize
    and facilitate the participation of private sector capital and skills
    in the economic development of less developed countries, as described
    in subsection (c), and countries in transition from nonmarket to market
    economies, in order to complement the development assistance
    objectives, and advance the foreign policy interests, of the United
    States. In carrying out its purpose, the Corporation, utilizing broad
    criteria, shall take into account in its financing operations the
    economic and financial soundness and development objectives of projects
    for which it provides support under title II.
        (c) Less Developed Country Focus.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall prioritize the provision
        of support under title II in less developed countries with a low-
        income economy or a lower-middle-income economy.
            (2) Support in upper-middle-income countries.--The Corporation
        shall restrict the provision of support under title II in a less
        developed country with an upper-middle-income economy unless--
                (A) the President certifies to the appropriate
            congressional committees that such support furthers the
            national economic or foreign policy interests of the United
            States; and
                (B) such support is designed to produce significant
            developmental outcomes or provide developmental benefits to the
            poorest population of that country.
    SEC. 1413. MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATION.
        (a) Structure of Corporation.--There shall be in the Corporation a
    Board of Directors (in this division referred to as the ``Board''), a
    Chief Executive Officer, a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Risk
    Officer, a Chief Development Officer, and such other officers as the
    Board may determine.
        (b) Board of Directors.--
            (1) Duties.--All powers of the Corporation shall vest in and be
        exercised by or under the authority of the Board. The Board--
                (A) shall perform the functions specified to be carried out
            by the Board in this division;
                (B) may prescribe, amend, and repeal bylaws, rules,
            regulations, policies, and procedures governing the manner in
            which the business of the Corporation may be conducted and in
            which the powers granted to the Corporation by law may be
            exercised; and
                (C) shall develop, in consultation with stakeholders, other
            interested parties, and the appropriate congressional
            committees, a publicly available policy with respect to
            consultations, hearings, and other forms of engagement in order
            to provide for meaningful public participation in the Board's
            activities.
            (2) Membership of board.--
                (A) In general.--The Board shall consist of--
                    (i) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation;
                    (ii) the officers specified in subparagraph (B); and
                    (iii) four other individuals who shall be appointed by
                the President, by and with the advice and consent of the
                Senate, of which--

                        (I) one individual should be appointed from among a
                    list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the
                    majority leader of the Senate after consultation with
                    the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of
                    the Senate;
                        (II) one individual should be appointed from among
                    a list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the
                    minority leader of the Senate after consultation with
                    the ranking member of the Committee on Foreign
                    Relations of the Senate;
                        (III) one individual should be appointed from among
                    a list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the
                    Speaker of the House of Representatives after
                    consultation with the chairman of the Committee on
                    Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
                        (IV) one individual should be appointed from among
                    a list of at least 5 individuals submitted by the
                    minority leader of the House of Representatives after
                    consultation with the ranking member of the Committee
                    on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

                (B) Officers specified.--
                    (i) In general.--The officers specified in this
                subparagraph are the following:

                        (I) The Secretary of State or a designee of the
                    Secretary.
                        (II) The Administrator of the United States Agency
                    for International Development or a designee of the
                    Administrator.
                        (III) The Secretary of the Treasury or a designee
                    of the Secretary.
                        (IV) The Secretary of Commerce or a designee of the
                    Secretary.

                    (ii) Requirements for designees.--A designee under
                clause (i) shall be selected from among officers--

                        (I) appointed by the President, by and with the
                    advice and consent of the Senate;
                        (II) whose duties relate to the programs of the
                    Corporation; and
                        (III) who is designated by and serving at the
                    pleasure of the President.

                (C) Requirements for nongovernment members.--A member of
            the Board described in subparagraph (A)(iii)--
                    (i) may not be an officer or employee of the United
                States Government;
                    (ii) shall have relevant experience, which may include
                experience relating to the private sector, the environment,
                labor organizations, or international development, to carry
                out the purpose of the Corporation;
                    (iii) shall be appointed for a term of 3 years and may
                be reappointed for one additional term;
                    (iv) shall serve until the member's successor is
                appointed and confirmed;
                    (v) shall be compensated at a rate equivalent to that
                of level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of
                title 5, United States Code, when engaged in the business
                of the Corporation; and
                    (vi) may be paid per diem in lieu of subsistence at the
                applicable rate under the Federal Travel Regulation under
                subtitle F of title 41, Code of Federal Regulations, from
                time to time, while away from the home or usual place of
                business of the member.
            (3) Chairperson.--The Secretary of State, or the designee of
        the Secretary under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(I), shall serve as the
        Chairperson of the Board.
            (4) Vice chairperson.--The Administrator of the United States
        Agency for International Development, or the designee of the
        Administrator under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(II), shall serve as the
        Vice Chairperson of the Board.
            (5) Quorum.--Five members of the Board shall constitute a
        quorum for the transaction of business by the Board.
        (c) Public Hearings.--The Board shall hold at least 2 public
    hearings each year in order to afford an opportunity for any person to
    present views with respect to whether--
            (1) the Corporation is carrying out its activities in
        accordance with this division; and
            (2) any support provided by the Corporation under title II in
        any country should be suspended, expanded, or extended.
        (d) Chief Executive Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--There shall be in the Corporation a Chief
        Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by the President, by and
        with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall serve at
        the pleasure of the President.
            (2) Authorities and duties.--The Chief Executive Officer shall
        be responsible for the management of the Corporation and shall
        exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the Corporation
        subject to the bylaws, rules, regulations, and procedures
        established by the Board.
            (3) Relationship to board.--The Chief Executive Officer shall
        report to and be under the direct authority of the Board.
            (4) Compensation.--Section 5313 of title 5, United States Code,
        is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``Chief Executive Officer, United States International
        Development Finance Corporation.''.
        (e) Deputy Chief Executive Officer.--There shall be in the
    Corporation a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by
    the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and
    who shall serve at the pleasure of the President.
        (f) Chief Risk Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the
        Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall appoint a Chief
        Risk Officer, from among individuals with experience at a senior
        level in financial risk management, who--
                (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
                (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of the
            Board.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Risk Officer shall, in coordination with
        the audit committee of the Board established under section 1441,
        develop, implement, and manage a comprehensive process for
        identifying, assessing, monitoring, and limiting risks to the
        Corporation, including the overall portfolio diversification of the
        Corporation.
        (g) Chief Development Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the
        Chief Executive Officer, with the concurrence of the Administrator
        of the United States Agency for International Development, shall
        appoint a Chief Development Officer, from among individuals with
        experience in development, who--
                (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
                (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of the
            Board.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Development Officer shall--
                (A) coordinate the Corporation's development policies and
            implementation efforts with the United States Agency for
            International Development, the Millennium Challenge
            Corporation, and other relevant United States Government
            departments and agencies, including directly liaising with
            missions of the United States Agency for International
            Development, to ensure that departments, agencies, and missions
            have training, awareness, and access to the Corporation's tools
            in relation to development policy and projects in countries;
                (B) under the guidance of the Chief Executive Officer,
            manage employees of the Corporation that are dedicated to
            structuring, monitoring, and evaluating transactions and
            projects co-designed with the United States Agency for
            International Development and other relevant United States
            Government departments and agencies;
                (C) authorize and coordinate transfers of funds or other
            resources to and from such agencies, departments, or missions
            upon the concurrence of those institutions in support of the
            Corporation's projects or activities;
                (D) manage the responsibilities of the Corporation under
            paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 1442(b) and paragraphs (1)(A)
            and (3)(A) of section 1443(b);
                (E) coordinate and implement the activities of the
            Corporation under section 1445; and
                (F) be an ex officio member of the Development Advisory
            Council established under subsection (i) and participate in or
            send a representative to each meeting of the Council.
        (h) Officers and Employees.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this section,
        officers, employees, and agents shall be selected and appointed by
        the Corporation, and shall be vested with such powers and duties as
        the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Administratively determined employees.--
                (A) Appointment; compensation; removal.--Of officers and
            employees employed by the Corporation under paragraph (1), not
            more than 50 may be appointed, compensated, or removed without
            regard to title 5, United States Code.
                (B) Reinstatement.--Under such regulations as the President
            may prescribe, officers and employees appointed to a position
            under subparagraph (A) may be entitled, upon removal from such
            position (unless the removal was for cause), to reinstatement
            to the position occupied at the time of appointment or to a
            position of comparable grade and salary.
                (C) Additional positions.--Positions authorized by
            subparagraph (A) shall be in addition to those otherwise
            authorized by law, including positions authorized under section
            5108 of title 5, United States Code.
                (D) Rates of pay for officers and employees.--The
            Corporation may set and adjust rates of basic pay for officers
            and employees appointed under subparagraph (A) without regard
            to the provisions of chapter 51 or subchapter III of chapter 53
            of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of
            positions and General Schedule pay rates, respectively.
            (3) Liability of employees.--
                (A) In general.--An individual who is a member of the Board
            or an officer or employee of the Corporation has no liability
            under this division with respect to any claim arising out of or
            resulting from any act or omission by the individual within the
            scope of the employment of the individual in connection with
            any transaction by the Corporation.
                (B) Rule of construction.--Subparagraph (A) shall not be
            construed to limit personal liability of an individual for
            criminal acts or omissions, willful or malicious misconduct,
            acts or omissions for private gain, or any other acts or
            omissions outside the scope of the individual's employment.
                (C) Conflicts of interest.--The Corporation shall establish
            and publish procedures for avoiding conflicts of interest on
            the part of officers and employees of the Corporation and
            members of the Development Advisory Council established under
            subsection (i).
                (D) Savings provision.--This paragraph shall not be
            construed--
                    (i) to affect--

                        (I) any other immunities and protections that may
                    be available to an individual described in subparagraph
                    (A) under applicable law with respect to a transaction
                    described in that subparagraph; or
                        (II) any other right or remedy against the
                    Corporation, against the United States under applicable
                    law, or against any person other than an individual
                    described in subparagraph (A) participating in such a
                    transaction; or

                    (ii) to limit or alter in any way the immunities that
                are available under applicable law for Federal officers and
                employees not described in this paragraph.
        (i) Development Advisory Council.--
            (1) In general.--There is established a Development Advisory
        Council (in this subsection referred to as the ``Council'') to
        advise the Board on development objectives of the Corporation.
            (2) Membership.--Members of the Council shall be appointed by
        the Board, on the recommendation of the Chief Executive Officer and
        the Chief Development Officer, and shall be composed of not more
        than 9 members broadly representative of nongovernmental
        organizations, think tanks, advocacy organizations, foundations,
        and other institutions engaged in international development.
            (3) Functions.--The Board shall call upon members of the
        Council, either collectively or individually, to advise the Board
        regarding the extent to which the Corporation is meeting its
        development mandate and any suggestions for improvements in with
        respect to meeting that mandate, including opportunities in
        countries and project development and implementation challenges and
        opportunities.
            (4) Federal advisory committee act.--The Council shall not be
        subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).
    SEC. 1414. INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE CORPORATION.
        (a) In General.--Section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General Act of
    1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by inserting ``the United States
    International Development Finance Corporation,'' after ``the
    Smithsonian Institution,''.
        (b) Oversight Independence.--Section 8G(a)(4) of the Inspector
    General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
        semicolon;
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the semicolon and
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(J) with respect to the United States International
            Development Finance Corporation, such term means the Board of
            Directors of the United States International Development
            Finance Corporation;''.
    SEC. 1415. INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM.
        (a) In General.--The Board shall establish a transparent and
    independent accountability mechanism.
        (b) Functions.--The independent accountability mechanism
    established pursuant to subsection (a) shall--
            (1) annually evaluate and report to the Board and Congress
        regarding compliance with environmental, social, labor, human
        rights, and transparency standards, consistent with Corporation
        statutory mandates;
            (2) provide a forum for resolving concerns regarding the
        impacts of specific Corporation-supported projects with respect to
        such standards; and
            (3) provide advice regarding Corporation projects, policies,
        and practices.

                             TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

    SEC. 1421. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO PROVISION OF SUPPORT.
        (a) In General.--The authorities in this title shall only be
    exercised to--
            (1) carry out of the policy of the United States in section
        1411 and the purpose of the Corporation in section 1412;
            (2) mitigate risks to United States taxpayers by sharing risks
        with the private sector and qualifying sovereign entities through
        co-financing and structuring of tools; and
            (3) ensure that support provided under this title is additional
        to private sector resources by mobilizing private capital that
        would otherwise not be deployed without such support.
        (b) Lending and Guaranties.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may make loans or guaranties
        upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Denomination.--Loans and guaranties issued under paragraph
        (1) may be denominated and repayable in United States dollars or
        foreign currencies. Foreign currency denominated loans and
        guaranties should only be provided if the Board determines there is
        a substantive policy rationale for such loans and guaranties.
            (3) Applicability of federal credit reform act of 1990.--Loans
        and guaranties issued under paragraph (1) shall be subject to the
        requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661
        et seq.).
        (c) Equity Investments.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may, as a minority investor,
        support projects with funds or use other mechanisms for the purpose
        of purchasing, and may make and fund commitments to purchase,
        invest in, make pledges in respect of, or otherwise acquire, equity
        or quasi-equity securities or shares or financial interests of any
        entity, including as a limited partner or other investor in
        investment funds, upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation
        may determine.
            (2) Denomination.--Support provided under paragraph (1) may be
        denominated and repayable in United States dollars or foreign
        currency. Foreign currency denominated support provided by
        paragraph (1) should only be provided if the Board determines there
        is a substantive policy rationale for such support.
            (3) Guidelines and criteria.--The Corporation shall develop
        guidelines and criteria to require that the use of the authority
        provided by paragraph (1) with respect to a project has a clearly
        defined development and foreign policy purpose, taking into account
        the following objectives:
                (A) The support for the project would be more likely than
            not to substantially reduce or overcome the effect of an
            identified market failure in the country in which the project
            is carried out.
                (B) The project would not have proceeded or would have been
            substantially delayed without the support.
                (C) The support would meaningfully contribute to
            transforming local conditions to promote the development of
            markets.
                (D) The support can be shown to be aligned with commercial
            partner incentives.
                (E) The support can be shown to have significant
            developmental impact and will contribute to long-term
            commercial sustainability.
                (F) The support furthers the policy of the United States
            described in section 1411.
            (4) Limitations on equity investments.--
                (A) Per project limit.--The aggregate amount of support
            provided under this subsection with respect to any project
            shall not exceed 30 percent of the aggregate amount of all
            equity investment made to the project at the time that the
            Corporation approves support of the project.
                (B) Total limit.--Support provided pursuant to this
            subsection shall be limited to not more than 35 percent of the
            Corporation's aggregate exposure on the date that such support
            is provided.
            (5) Sales and liquidation of position.--The Corporation shall
        seek to sell and liquidate any support for a project provided under
        this subsection as soon as commercially feasible, commensurate with
        other similar investors in the project and taking into
        consideration the national security interests of the United States.
            (6) Timetable.--The Corporation shall create a project-specific
        timetable for support provided under paragraph (1).
        (d) Insurance and Reinsurance.--The Corporation may issue insurance
    or reinsurance, upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may
    determine, to private sector entities and qualifying sovereign entities
    assuring protection of their investments in whole or in part against
    any or all political risks such as currency inconvertibility and
    transfer restrictions, expropriation, war, terrorism, civil
    disturbance, breach of contract, or nonhonoring of financial
    obligations.
        (e) Promotion of and Support for Private Investment
    Opportunities.--
            (1) In general.--In order to carry out the purpose of the
        Corporation described in section 1412(b), the Corporation may
        initiate and support, through financial participation, incentive
        grant, or otherwise, and on such terms and conditions as the
        Corporation may determine, feasibility studies for the planning,
        development, and management of, and procurement for, potential
        bilateral and multilateral development projects eligible for
        support under this title, including training activities undertaken
        in connection with such projects, for the purpose of promoting
        investment in such projects and the identification, assessment,
        surveying, and promotion of private investment opportunities,
        utilizing wherever feasible and effective, the facilities of
        private investors.
            (2) Contributions to costs.--The Corporation shall, to the
        maximum extent practicable, require any person receiving funds
        under the authorities of this subsection to--
                (A) share the costs of feasibility studies and other
            project planning services funded under this subsection; and
                (B) reimburse the Corporation those funds provided under
            this section, if the person succeeds in project implementation.
        (f) Special Projects and Programs.--The Corporation may administer
    and manage special projects and programs in support of specific
    transactions undertaken by the Corporation, including programs of
    financial and advisory support that provide private technical,
    professional, or managerial assistance in the development of human
    resources, skills, technology, capital savings, or intermediate
    financial and investment institutions or cooperatives, and including
    the initiation of incentives, grants, or studies for energy, women's
    economic empowerment, microenterprise households, or other small
    business activities.
        (g) Enterprise Funds.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may, following consultation
        with the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States
        Agency for International Development, and the heads of other
        relevant departments or agencies, establish and operate enterprise
        funds in accordance with this subsection.
            (2) Private character of funds.--Nothing in this section shall
        be construed to make an enterprise fund an agency or establishment
        of the United States Government, or to make the officers,
        employees, or members of the Board of Directors of an enterprise
        fund officers or employees of the United States for purposes of
        title 5, United States Code.
            (3) Purposes for which support may be provided.--The
        Corporation, subject to the approval of the Board, may designate
        private, nonprofit organizations as eligible to receive support
        under this title for the following purposes:
                (A) To promote development of economic freedom and private
            sectors, including small- and medium-sized enterprises and
            joint ventures with the United States and host country
            participants.
                (B) To facilitate access to credit to small- and medium-
            sized enterprises with sound business plans in countries where
            there is limited means of accessing credit on market terms.
                (C) To promote policies and practices conducive to economic
            freedom and private sector development.
                (D) To attract foreign direct investment capital to further
            promote private sector development and economic freedom.
                (E) To complement the work of the United States Agency for
            International Development and other donors to improve the
            overall business-enabling environment, financing the creation
            and expansion of the private business sector.
                (F) To make financially sustainable investments designed to
            generate measurable social benefits and build technical
            capacity in addition to financial returns.
            (4) Operation of funds.--
                (A) Expenditures.--Funds made available to an enterprise
            fund shall be expended at the minimum rate necessary to make
            timely payments for projects and activities carried out under
            this subsection.
                (B) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 3 percent per
            annum of the funds made available to an enterprise fund may be
            obligated or expended for the administrative expenses of the
            enterprise fund.
            (5) Board of directors.--Each enterprise fund established under
        this subsection should be governed by a Board of Directors
        comprised of private citizens of the United States or the host
        country, who--
                (A) shall be appointed by the President after consultation
            with the chairmen and ranking members of the appropriate
            congressional committees; and
                (B) have pursued careers in international business and have
            demonstrated expertise in international and emerging market
            investment activities.
            (6) Majority member requirement.--The majority of the members
        of the Board of Directors shall be United States citizens who shall
        have relevant experience relating to the purposes described in
        paragraph (3).
            (7) Reports.--Not later than one year after the date of the
        establishment of an enterprise fund under this subsection, and
        annually thereafter until the enterprise fund terminates in
        accordance with paragraph (10), the Board of Directors of the
        enterprise fund shall--
                (A) submit to the appropriate congressional committees a
            report--
                    (i) detailing the administrative expenses of the
                enterprise fund during the year preceding the submission of
                the report;
                    (ii) describing the operations, activities, engagement
                with civil society and relevant local private sector
                entities, development objectives and outcomes, financial
                condition, and accomplishments of the enterprise fund
                during that year;
                    (iii) describing the results of any audit conducted
                under paragraph (8); and
                    (iv) describing how audits conducted under paragraph
                (8) are informing the operations and activities of the
                enterprise fund; and
                (B) publish, on a publicly available internet website of
            the enterprise fund, each report required by subparagraph (A).
            (8) Oversight.--
                (A) Inspector general performance audits.--
                    (i) In general.--The Inspector General of the
                Corporation shall conduct periodic audits of the activities
                of each enterprise fund established under this subsection.
                    (ii) Consideration.--In conducting an audit under
                clause (i), the Inspector General shall assess whether the
                activities of the enterprise fund--

                        (I) support the purposes described in paragraph
                    (3);
                        (II) result in profitable private sector investing;
                    and
                        (III) generate measurable social benefits.

                (B) Recordkeeping requirements.--The Corporation shall
            ensure that each enterprise fund receiving support under this
            subsection--
                    (i) keeps separate accounts with respect to such
                support; and
                    (ii) maintains such records as may be reasonably
                necessary to facilitate effective audits under this
                paragraph.
            (9) Return of funds to treasury.--Any funds resulting from any
        liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of an enterprise fund, in
        whole or in part, shall be returned to the Treasury of the United
        States.
            (10) Termination.--The authority of an enterprise fund to
        provide support under this subsection shall terminate on the
        earlier of--
                (A) the date that is 10 years after the date of the first
            expenditure of amounts from the enterprise fund; or
                (B) the date on which the enterprise fund is liquidated.
        (h) Supervision of Support.--Support provided under this title
    shall be subject to section 622(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of
    1961 (22 U.S.C. 2382(c)).
        (i) Small Business Development.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall undertake, in
        cooperation with appropriate departments, agencies, and
        instrumentalities of the United States as well as private entities
        and others, to broaden the participation of United States small
        businesses and cooperatives and other small United States investors
        in the development of small private enterprise in less developed
        friendly countries or areas.
            (2) Outreach to minority-owned and women-owned businesses.--
                (A) In general.--The Corporation shall collect data on the
            involvement of minority- and women-owned businesses in projects
            supported by the Corporation, including--
                    (i) the amount of insurance and financing provided by
                the Corporation to such businesses in connection with
                projects supported by the Corporation; and
                    (ii) to the extent such information is available, the
                involvement of such businesses in procurement activities
                conducted or supported by the Corporation.
                (B) Inclusion in annual report.--The Corporation shall
            include, in its annual report submitted to Congress under
            section 1443, the aggregate data collected under this
            paragraph, in such form as to quantify the effectiveness of the
            Corporation's outreach activities to minority- and women-owned
            businesses.
    SEC. 1422. TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
        (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), support
    provided by the Corporation under this title shall be on such terms and
    conditions as the Corporation may prescribe.
        (b) Requirements.--The following requirements apply to support
    provided by the Corporation under this title:
            (1) The Corporation shall provide support using authorities
        under this title only if it is necessary--
                (A) to alleviate a credit market imperfection; or
                (B) to achieve specified development or foreign policy
            objectives of the United States Government by providing support
            in the most efficient way to meet those objectives on a case-
            by-case basis.
            (2) The final maturity of a loan made or guaranteed by the
        Corporation shall not exceed the lesser of--
                (A) 25 years; or
                (B) debt servicing capabilities of the project to be
            financed by the loan (as determined by the Corporation).
            (3) The Corporation shall, with respect to providing any loan
        guaranty to a project, require the parties to the project to bear
        the risk of loss in an amount equal to at least 20 percent of the
        guaranteed support by the Corporation in the project.
            (4) The Corporation may not make or guarantee a loan unless the
        Corporation determines that the borrower or lender is responsible
        and that adequate provision is made for servicing the loan on
        reasonable terms and protecting the financial interest of the
        United States.
            (5) The interest rate for direct loans and interest supplements
        on guaranteed loans shall be set by reference to a benchmark
        interest rate (yield) on marketable Treasury securities or other
        widely recognized or appropriate benchmarks with a similar maturity
        to the loans being made or guaranteed, as determined in
        consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and
        Budget and the Secretary of the Treasury. The Corporation shall
        establish appropriate minimum interest rates for loans, guaranties,
        and other instruments as necessary.
            (6) The minimum interest rate for new loans as established by
        the Corporation shall be adjusted periodically to take account of
        changes in the interest rate of the benchmark financial instrument.
            (7)(A) The Corporation shall set fees or premiums for support
        provided under this title at levels that minimize the cost to the
        Government while supporting achievement of the objectives of
        support.
            (B) The Corporation shall review fees for loan guaranties
        periodically to ensure that the fees assessed on new loan
        guaranties are at a level sufficient to cover the Corporation's
        most recent estimates of its costs.
            (8) Any loan guaranty provided by the Corporation shall be
        conclusive evidence that--
                (A) the guaranty has been properly obtained;
                (B) the loan qualified for the guaranty; and
                (C) but for fraud or material misrepresentation by the
            holder of the guaranty, the guaranty is presumed to be valid,
            legal, and enforceable.
            (9) The Corporation shall prescribe explicit standards for use
        in periodically assessing the credit risk of new and existing
        direct loans or guaranteed loans.
            (10) The Corporation may not make loans or loan guaranties
        except to the extent that budget authority to cover the costs of
        the loans or guaranties is provided in advance in an appropriations
        Act, as required by section 504 of the Federal Credit Reform Act of
        1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c).
            (11) The Corporation shall rely upon specific standards to
        assess the developmental and strategic value of projects for which
        it provides support and should only provide the minimum level of
        support necessary in order to support such projects.
            (12) Any loan or loan guaranty made by the Corporation should
        be provided on a senior basis or pari passu with other senior debt
        unless there is a substantive policy rationale to provide such
        support otherwise.
    SEC. 1423. PAYMENT OF LOSSES.
        (a) Payments for Defaults on Guaranteed Loans.--
            (1) In general.--If the Corporation determines that the holder
        of a loan guaranteed by the Corporation suffers a loss as a result
        of a default by a borrower on the loan, the Corporation shall pay
        to the holder the percent of the loss, as specified in the guaranty
        contract, after the holder of the loan has made such further
        collection efforts and instituted such enforcement proceedings as
        the Corporation may require.
            (2) Subrogation.--Upon making a payment described in paragraph
        (1), the Corporation shall ensure the Corporation will be
        subrogated to all the rights of the recipient of the payment.
            (3) Recovery efforts.--The Corporation shall pursue recovery
        from the borrower of the amount of any payment made under paragraph
        (1) with respect to the loan.
        (b) Limitation on Payments.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2),
        compensation for insurance, reinsurance, or a guaranty issued under
        this title shall not exceed the dollar value of the tangible or
        intangible contributions or commitments made in the project, plus
        interest, earnings, or profits actually accrued on such
        contributions or commitments, to the extent provided by such
        insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty.
            (2) Exception.--
                (A) In general.--The Corporation may provide that--
                    (i) appropriate adjustments in the insured dollar value
                be made to reflect the replacement cost of project assets;
                and
                    (ii) compensation for a claim of loss under insurance
                of an equity investment under section 1421 may be computed
                on the basis of the net book value attributable to the
                equity investment on the date of loss.
            (3) Additional limitation.--
                (A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A)(ii) and
            except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Corporation shall
            limit the amount of direct insurance and reinsurance issued
            under section 1421 with respect to a project so as to require
            that the insured and its affiliates bear the risk of loss for
            at least 10 percent of the amount of the Corporation's exposure
            to that insured and its affiliates in the project.
                (B) Exception.--The limitation under subparagraph (A) shall
            not apply to direct insurance or reinsurance of loans provided
            by banks or other financial institutions to unrelated parties.
        (c) Actions by Attorney General.--The Attorney General shall take
    such action as may be appropriate to enforce any right accruing to the
    United States as a result of the issuance of any loan or guaranty under
    this title.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to preclude any forbearance for the benefit of a borrower
    that may be agreed upon by the parties to a loan guaranteed by the
    Corporation if budget authority for any resulting costs to the United
    States Government (as defined in section 502 of the Federal Credit
    Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a)) is available.
    SEC. 1424. TERMINATION.
        (a) In General.--The authorities provided under this title
    terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment
    of this Act.
        (b) Termination of Corporation.--The Corporation shall terminate on
    the date on which the portfolio of the Corporation is liquidated.

                TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

    SEC. 1431. OPERATIONS.
        (a) Bilateral Agreements.--The Corporation may provide support
    under title II in connection with projects in any country the
    government of which has entered into an agreement with the United
    States authorizing the Corporation to provide such support in that
    country.
        (b) Claims Settlement.--
            (1) In general.--Claims arising as a result of support provided
        under title II or under predecessor authority may be settled, and
        disputes arising as a result thereof may be arbitrated with the
        consent of the parties, on such terms and conditions as the
        Corporation may determine.
            (2) Settlements conclusive.--Payment made pursuant to any
        settlement pursuant to paragraph (1), or as a result of an
        arbitration award, shall be final and conclusive notwithstanding
        any other provision of law.
        (c) Presumption of Compliance.--Each contract executed by such
    officer or officers as may be designated by the Board shall be
    conclusively presumed to be issued in compliance with the requirements
    of this division.
        (d) Electronic Payments and Documents.--The Corporation shall
    implement policies to accept electronic documents and electronic
    payments in all of its programs.
    SEC. 1432. CORPORATE POWERS.
        (a) In General.--The Corporation--
            (1) may adopt, alter, and use a seal, to include an
        identifiable symbol of the United States;
            (2) may make and perform such contracts, including no-cost
        contracts (as defined by the Corporation), grants, and other
        agreements notwithstanding division C of subtitle I of title 41,
        United States Code, with any person or government however
        designated and wherever situated, as may be necessary for carrying
        out the functions of the Corporation;
            (3) may lease, purchase, or otherwise acquire, improve, and use
        such real property wherever situated, as may be necessary for
        carrying out the functions of the Corporation, except that, if the
        real property is for the Corporation's own occupancy, the lease,
        purchase, acquisition, improvement, or use of the real property
        shall be entered into or conducted in consultation with the
        Administrator of General Services;
            (4) may accept cash gifts or donations of services or of
        property (real, personal, or mixed), tangible or intangible, for
        the purpose of carrying out the functions of the Corporation;
            (5) may use the United States mails in the same manner and on
        the same conditions as the Executive departments (as defined in
        section 101 of title 5, United States Code);
            (6) may contract with individuals for personal services, who
        shall not be considered Federal employees for any provision of law
        administered by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;
            (7) may hire or obtain passenger motor vehicles;
            (8) may sue and be sued in its corporate name;
            (9) may acquire, hold, or dispose of, upon such terms and
        conditions as the Corporation may determine, any property, real,
        personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, or any interest in such
        property, except that, in the case of real property that is for the
        Corporation's own occupancy, the acquisition, holding, or
        disposition of the real property shall be conducted in consultation
        with the Administrator of General Services;
            (10) may lease office space for the Corporation's own use, with
        the obligation of amounts for such lease limited to the current
        fiscal year for which payments are due until the expiration of the
        current lease under predecessor authority, as of the day before the
        date of the enactment of this Act;
            (11) may indemnify directors, officers, employees, and agents
        of the Corporation for liabilities and expenses incurred in
        connection with their activities on behalf of the Corporation;
            (12) notwithstanding any other provision of law, may represent
        itself or contract for representation in any legal or arbitral
        proceeding;
            (13) may exercise any priority of the Government of the United
        States in collecting debts from bankrupt, insolvent, or decedents'
        estates;
            (14) may collect, notwithstanding section 3711(g)(1) of title
        31, United States Code, or compromise any obligations assigned to
        or held by the Corporation, including any legal or equitable rights
        accruing to the Corporation;
            (15) may make arrangements with foreign governments (including
        agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions of such
        governments) or with multilateral organizations or institutions for
        sharing liabilities;
            (16) may sell direct investments of the Corporation to private
        investors upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may
        determine; and
            (17) shall have such other powers as may be necessary and
        incident to carrying out the functions of the Corporation.
        (b) Treatment of Property.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
    law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of property by
    the United States, the Corporation shall have the right in its
    discretion to complete, recondition, reconstruct, renovate, repair,
    maintain, operate, or sell any property acquired by the Corporation
    pursuant to the provisions of this division, except that, in the case
    of real property that is for the Corporation's own occupancy, the
    completion, reconditioning, reconstruction, renovation, repair,
    maintenance, operation, or sale of the real property shall be conducted
    in consultation with the Administrator of General Services.
    SEC. 1433. MAXIMUM CONTINGENT LIABILITY.
        The maximum contingent liability of the Corporation outstanding at
    any one time shall not exceed in the aggregate $60,000,000,000.
    SEC. 1434. CORPORATE FUNDS.
        (a) Corporate Capital Account.--There is established in the
    Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the ``Corporate
    Capital Account'' to carry out the purposes of the Corporation.
        (b) Funding.--The Corporate Capital Account shall consist of--
            (1) fees charged and collected pursuant to subsection (c);
            (2) any amounts received pursuant to subsection (e);
            (3) investments and returns on such investments pursuant to
        subsection (g);
            (4) unexpended balances transferred to the Corporation pursuant
        to subsection (i);
            (5) payments received in connection with settlements of all
        insurance and reinsurance claims of the Corporation; and
            (6) all other collections transferred to or earned by the
        Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of the
        Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a), of loans and
        loan guaranties.
        (c) Fee Authority.--Fees may be charged and collected for providing
    services in amounts to be determined by the Corporation.
        (d) Uses.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to Acts making appropriations, the
        Corporation is authorized to pay--
                (A) the cost, as defined in section 502 of the Federal
            Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan guaranties;
                (B) administrative expenses of the Corporation;
                (C) for the cost of providing support authorized by
            subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g) of section 1421;
                (D) project-specific transaction costs.
            (2) Income and revenue.--In order to carry out the purposes of
        the Corporation, all collections transferred to or earned by the
        Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of the
        Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan guaranties,
        shall be deposited into the Corporate Capital Account and shall be
        available to carry out its purpose, including without limitation--
                (A) payment of all insurance and reinsurance claims of the
            Corporation;
                (B) repayments to the Treasury of amounts borrowed under
            subsection (e); and
                (C) dividend payments to the Treasury under subsection (f).
        (e) Full Faith and Credit.--
            (1) In general.--All support provided pursuant to predecessor
        authorities or title II shall continue to constitute obligations of
        the United States, and the full faith and credit of the United
        States is hereby pledged for the full payment and performance of
        such obligations.
            (2) Authority to borrow.--The Corporation is authorized to
        borrow from the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to fulfill
        such obligations of the United States and any such borrowing shall
        be at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking
        into consideration the current average market yields on outstanding
        marketable obligations of the United States of comparable
        maturities, for a period jointly determined by the Corporation and
        the Secretary, and subject to such terms and conditions as the
        Secretary may require.
        (f) Dividends.--The Board, in consultation with the Director of the
    Office of Management and Budget, shall annually assess a dividend
    payment to the Treasury if the Corporation's insurance portfolio is
    more than 100 percent reserved.
        (g) Investment Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may request the Secretary of
        the Treasury to invest such portion of the Corporate Capital
        Account as is not, in the Corporation's judgment, required to meet
        the current needs of the Corporate Capital Account.
            (2) Form of investments.--Such investments shall be made by the
        Secretary of the Treasury in public debt obligations, with
        maturities suitable to the needs of the Corporate Capital Account,
        as determined by the Corporation, and bearing interest at rates
        determined by the Secretary, taking into consideration current
        market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United
        States of comparable maturities.
        (h) Collections.--Interest earnings made pursuant to subsection
    (g), earnings collected related to equity investments, and amounts,
    excluding fees related to insurance or reinsurance, collected pursuant
    to subsection (c), shall not be collected for any fiscal year except to
    the extent provided in advance in appropriations Acts.
        (i) Transfer From Predecessor Agencies and Programs.--By the end of
    the transition period described in title VI, the unexpended balances,
    assets, and responsibilities of any agency specified in the plan
    required by section 1462 shall be transferred to the Corporation.
        (j) Transfer of Funds.--In order to carry out this division, funds
    authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act
    of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) may be transferred to the Corporation
    and funds authorized to be appropriated to the Corporation may be
    transferred to the Department of State and the United States Agency for
    International Development.
        (k) Definition.--In this section, the term ``project-specific
    transaction costs''--
            (1) means those costs incurred by the Corporation for travel,
        legal expenses, and direct and indirect costs incurred in claims
        settlements associated with the provision of support under title II
        and shall not be considered administrative expenses for the
        purposes of this section; and
            (2) does not include information technology (as such term is
        defined in section 11101 of title 40, United States Code).
    SEC. 1435. COORDINATION WITH OTHER DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.
        It is the sense of Congress that the Corporation should use
    relevant data of the Department of State, the Millennium Challenge
    Corporation, the United States Agency for International Development,
    and other departments and agencies that have development functions to
    better inform the decisions of the Corporation with respect to
    providing support under title II.

                TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

    SEC. 1441. ESTABLISHMENT OF RISK AND AUDIT COMMITTEES.
        (a) In General.--To assist the Board to fulfill its duties and
    responsibilities under section 1421(a), the Corporation shall establish
    a risk committee and an audit committee.
        (b) Duties and Responsibilities of Risk Committee.--Subject to the
    direction of the Board, the risk committee established under subsection
    (a) shall have oversight responsibility of--
            (1) formulating risk management policies of the operations of
        the Corporation;
            (2) reviewing and providing guidance on operation of the
        Corporation's global risk management framework;
            (3) developing policies for enterprise risk management,
        monitoring, and management of strategic, reputational, regulatory,
        operational, developmental, environmental, social, and financial
        risks;
            (4) developing the risk profile of the Corporation, including a
        risk management and compliance framework and governance structure
        to support such framework; and
            (5) developing policies and procedures for assessing, prior to
        providing, and for any period during which the Corporation
        provides, support to any foreign entities, whether such entities
        have in place sufficient enhanced due diligence policies and
        practices to prevent money laundering and corruption to ensure the
        Corporation does not provide support to persons that are--
                (A) knowingly engaging in acts of corruption;
                (B) knowingly providing material or financial support for
            terrorism, drug trafficking, or human trafficking; or
                (C) responsible for ordering or otherwise directing serious
            or gross violations of human rights.
        (c) Duties and Responsibilities of Audit Committee.--Subject to the
    direction of the Board, the audit committee established under
    subsection (a) shall have the oversight responsibility of--
            (1) the integrity of the Corporation's financial reporting and
        systems of internal controls regarding finance and accounting;
            (2) the integrity of the Corporation's financial statements;
            (3) the performance of the Corporation's internal audit
        function; and
            (4) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements related
        to the finances of the Corporation.
    SEC. 1442. PERFORMANCE MEASURES, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING.
        (a) In General.--The Corporation shall develop a performance
    measurement system to evaluate and monitor projects supported by the
    Corporation under title II and to guide future projects of the
    Corporation.
        (b) Considerations.--In developing the performance measurement
    system required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall--
            (1) develop a successor for the development impact measurement
        system of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (as such
        system was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of
        this Act);
            (2) develop a mechanism for ensuring that support provided by
        the Corporation under title II is in addition to private
        investment;
            (3) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring,
        appropriate financial performance of the Corporation's portfolio;
        and
            (4) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring,
        appropriate development performance of the Corporation's portfolio,
        including--
                (A) measurement of the projected and ex post development
            impact of a project; and
                (B) the information necessary to comply with section 1443.
        (c) Public Availability of Certain Information.--The Corporation
    shall make available to the public on a regular basis information about
    support provided by the Corporation under title II and performance
    metrics about such support on a country-by-country basis.
        (d) Consultation.--In developing the performance measurement system
    required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall consult with the
    Development Advisory Council established under section 1413(i) and
    other stakeholders and interested parties engaged in sustainable
    economic growth and development.
    SEC. 1443. ANNUAL REPORT.
        (a) In General.--After the end of each fiscal year, the Corporation
    shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a complete and
    detailed report of its operations during that fiscal year, including an
    assessment of--
            (1) the economic and social development impact, including with
        respect to matters described in subsections (d), (e), and (f) of
        section 1451, of projects supported by the Corporation under title
        II;
            (2) the extent to which the operations of the Corporation
        complement or are compatible with the development assistance
        programs of the United States and qualifying sovereign entities;
            (3) the Corporation's institutional linkages with other
        relevant United States Government department and agencies,
        including efforts to strengthen such linkages; and
            (4) the compliance of projects supported by the Corporation
        under title II with human rights, environmental, labor, and social
        policies, or other such related policies that govern the
        Corporation's support for projects, promulgated or otherwise
        administered by the Corporation.
        (b) Elements.--Each annual report required by subsection (a) shall
    include analyses of the effects of projects supported by the
    Corporation under title II, including--
            (1) reviews and analyses of--
                (A) the desired development outcomes for projects and
            whether or not the Corporation is meeting the associated
            metrics, goals, and development objectives, including, to the
            extent practicable, in the years after conclusion of projects;
            and
                (B) the effect of the Corporation's support on access to
            capital and ways in which the Corporation is addressing
            identifiable market gaps or inefficiencies and what impact, if
            any, such support has on access to credit for a specific
            project, country, or sector;
            (2) an explanation of any partnership arrangement or
        cooperation with a qualifying sovereign entity in support of each
        project;
            (3) projections of--
                (A) development outcomes, and whether or not support for
            projects are meeting the associated performance measures, both
            during the start-up phase and over the duration of the support,
            and to the extent practicable, measures of such development
            outcomes should be on a gender-disaggregated basis, such as
            changes in employment, access to financial services, enterprise
            development and growth, and composition of executive boards and
            senior leadership of enterprises receiving support under title
            II; and
                (B) the value of private sector assets brought to bear
            relative to the amount of support provided by the Corporation
            and the value of any other public sector support; and
            (4) an assessment of the extent to which lessons learned from
        the monitoring and evaluation activities of the Corporation, and
        from annual reports from previous years compiled by the
        Corporation, have been applied to projects.
    SEC. 1444. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PROJECT INFORMATION.
        The Corporation shall--
            (1) maintain a user-friendly, publicly available, machine-
        readable database with detailed project-level information, as
        appropriate and to the extent practicable, including a description
        of the support provided by the Corporation under title II,
        including, to the extent feasible, the information included in the
        report to Congress under section 1443 and project-level performance
        metrics; and
            (2) include a clear link to information about each project
        supported by the Corporation under title II on the internet website
        of the Department of State, ``ForeignAssistance.gov'', or a
        successor website or other online publication.
    SEC. 1445. ENGAGEMENT WITH INVESTORS.
        (a) In General.--The Corporation, acting through the Chief
    Development Officer, shall, in cooperation with the Administrator of
    the United States Agency for International Development--
            (1) develop a strategic relationship with private sector
        entities focused at the nexus of business opportunities and
        development priorities;
            (2) engage such entities and reduce business risks primarily
        through direct transaction support and facilitating investment
        partnerships;
            (3) develop and support tools, approaches, and intermediaries
        that can mobilize private finance at scale in the developing world;
            (4) pursue highly developmental projects of all sizes,
        especially those that are small but designed for work in the most
        underdeveloped areas, including countries with chronic suffering as
        a result of extreme poverty, fragile institutions, or a history of
        violence; and
            (5) pursue projects consistent with the policy of the United
        States described in section 1411 and the Joint Strategic Plan and
        the Mission Country Development Cooperation Strategies of the
        United States Agency for International Development.
        (b) Assistance.--To achieve the goals described in subsection (a),
    the Corporation shall--
            (1) develop risk mitigation tools;
            (2) provide transaction structuring support for blended finance
        models;
            (3) support intermediaries linking capital supply and demand;
            (4) coordinate with other Federal agencies to support or
        accelerate transactions;
            (5) convene financial, donor, civil society, and public sector
        partners around opportunities for private finance within
        development priorities;
            (6) offer strategic planning and programming assistance to
        catalyze investment into priority sectors;
            (7) provide transaction structuring support;
            (8) deliver training and knowledge management tools for
        engaging private investors;
            (9) partner with private sector entities that provide access to
        capital and expertise; and
            (10) identify and screen new investment partners.
        (c) Technical Assistance.--The Corporation shall coordinate with
    the United States Agency for International Development and other
    agencies and departments, as necessary, on projects and programs
    supported by the Corporation that include technical assistance.
    SEC. 1446. NOTIFICATIONS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CORPORATION.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 15 days prior to the Corporation
    making a financial commitment associated with the provision of support
    under title II in an amount in excess of $10,000,000, the Chief
    Executive Officer of the Corporation shall submit to the appropriate
    congressional committees a report in writing that contains the
    information required by subsection (b).
        (b) Information Required.--The information required by this
    subsection includes--
            (1) the amount of each such financial commitment;
            (2) an identification of the recipient or beneficiary; and
            (3) a description of the project, activity, or asset and the
        development goal or purpose to be achieved by providing support by
        the Corporation.
        (c) Bilateral Agreements.--The Chief Executive Officer of the
    Corporation shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not
    later than 30 days after entering into a new bilateral agreement
    described in section 1431(a).

              TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

    SEC. 1451. LIMITATIONS AND PREFERENCES.
        (a) Limitation on Support for Single Entity.--No entity receiving
    support from the Corporation under title II may receive more than an
    amount equal to 5 percent of the Corporation's maximum contingent
    liability authorized under section 1433.
        (b) Preference for Support for Projects Sponsored by United States
    Persons.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential
        consideration to projects sponsored by or involving private sector
        entities that are United States persons.
            (2) United states person defined.--In this subsection, the term
        ``United States person'' means--
                (A) a United States citizen; or
                (B) an entity owned or controlled by an individual or
            individuals described in subparagraph (A).
        (c) Preference for Support in Countries in Compliance With
    International Trade Obligations.--
            (1) Consultations with united states trade representative.--Not
        less frequently than annually, the Corporation shall consult with
        the United States Trade Representative with respect to the status
        of countries eligible to receive support from the Corporation under
        title II and the compliance of those countries with their
        international trade obligations.
            (2) Preferential consideration.--The Corporation shall give
        preferential consideration to providing support under title II for
        projects in countries in compliance with or making substantial
        progress coming into compliance with their international trade
        obligations.
        (d) Worker Rights.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall only support projects
        under title II in countries that are taking steps to adopt and
        implement laws that extend internationally recognized worker rights
        (as defined in section 507 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C.
        2467)) to workers in that country, including any designated zone in
        that country.
            (2) Required contract language.--The Corporation shall also
        include the following language, in substantially the following
        form, in all contracts which the Corporation enters into with
        persons receiving support under title II: ``The person receiving
        support agrees not to take actions to prevent employees of the
        foreign enterprise from lawfully exercising their right of
        association and their right to organize and bargain collectively.
        The person further agrees to observe applicable laws relating to a
        minimum age for employment of children, acceptable conditions of
        work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational
        health and safety, and not to use forced labor or the worst forms
        of child labor (as defined in section 507 of the Trade Act of 1974
        (19 U.S.C. 2467)). The person is not responsible under this
        paragraph for the actions of a foreign government.''.
        (e) Impact Notification.--The Board shall not vote in favor of any
    project proposed to be supported by the Corporation under title II that
    is likely to have significant adverse environmental or social impacts
    that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented, unless--
            (1) at least 60 days before the date of the vote, an
        environmental and social impact assessment or initial environmental
        and social audit, analyzing the environmental and social impacts of
        the proposed project and of alternatives to the proposed project,
        including mitigation measures, is completed;
            (2) such assessment or audit has been made available to the
        public of the United States, locally affected groups in the country
        in which the project will be carried out, and nongovernmental
        organizations in that country; and
            (3) the Corporation, applying best practices with respect to
        environmental and social safeguards, includes in any contract
        relating to the project provisions to ensure the mitigation of any
        such adverse environmental or social impacts.
        (f) Women's Economic Empowerment.--In utilizing its authorities
    under title II, the Corporation shall consider the impacts of its
    support on women's economic opportunities and outcomes and shall
    prioritize the reduction of gender gaps and maximize development impact
    by working to improve women's economic opportunities.
        (g) Preference for Provision of Support in Countries Embracing
    Private Enterprise.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential
        consideration to projects for which support under title II may be
        provided in countries the governments of which have demonstrated
        consistent support for economic policies that promote the
        development of private enterprise, both domestic and foreign, and
        maintaining the conditions that enable private enterprise to make a
        full contribution to the development of such countries, including--
                (A) market-based economic policies;
                (B) protection of private property rights;
                (C) respect for the rule of law; and
                (D) systems to combat corruption and bribery.
            (2) Sources of information.--The Corporation should rely on
        both third-party indicators and United States Government
        information, such as the Department of State's Investment Climate
        Statements, the Department of Commerce's Country Commercial Guides,
        or the Millennium Challenge Corporation's Constraints Analysis, to
        assess whether countries meet the conditions described in paragraph
        (1).
        (h) Consideration of Foreign Boycott Participation.--In providing
    support for projects under title II, the Corporation shall consider,
    using information readily available, whether the project is sponsored
    by or substantially affiliated with any person taking or knowingly
    agreeing to take actions, or having taken or knowingly agreed to take
    actions within the past 3 years, which demonstrate or otherwise
    evidence intent to comply with, further, or support any boycott
    described in section 1773(a) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018
    (subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232).
        (i) Ensuring Opportunities for Small Businesses in Foreign
    Development.--The Corporation shall, using broad criteria, make, to the
    maximum extent possible consistent with this division, efforts--
            (1) to give preferential consideration in providing support
        under title II to projects sponsored by or involving small
        businesses; and
            (2) to ensure that the proportion of projects sponsored by or
        involving United States small businesses, including women-,
        minority-, and veteran-owned small businesses, is not less than 50
        percent of all projects for which the Corporation provides support
        and that involve United States persons.
    SEC. 1452. ADDITIONALITY AND AVOIDANCE OF MARKET DISTORTION.
        (a) In General.--Before the Corporation provides support for a
    project under title II, the Corporation shall ensure that private
    sector entities are afforded an opportunity to support the project.
        (b) Safeguards, Policies, and Guidelines.--The Corporation shall
    develop appropriate safeguards, policies, and guidelines to ensure that
    support provided by the Corporation under title II--
            (1) supplements and encourages, but does not compete with,
        private sector support;
            (2) operates according to internationally recognized best
        practices and standards with respect to ensuring the avoidance of
        market distorting government subsidies and the crowding out of
        private sector lending; and
            (3) does not have a significant adverse impact on United States
        employment.
    SEC. 1453. PROHIBITION ON SUPPORT IN COUNTRIES THAT SUPPORT TERRORISM
    OR VIOLATE HUMAN RIGHTS AND WITH SANCTIONED PERSONS.
        (a) In General.--The Corporation is prohibited from providing
    support under title II for a government, or an entity owned or
    controlled by a government, if the Secretary of State has determined
    that the government--
            (1) has repeatedly provided support for acts of international
        terrorism for purposes of--
                (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control Reform
            Act of 2018 (subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232);
                (B) section 620A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
            (22 U.S.C. 2371(a));
                (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
            2780(d)); or
                (D) any other relevant provision of law; or
            (2) has engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of
        internationally recognized human rights for purposes of section
        116(a) or 502B(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
        U.S.C. 2151n(a) and 2304(a)(2)) or any other relevant provision of
        law.
        (b) Prohibition on Support of Sanctioned Persons.--The Corporation
    is prohibited from all dealings related to any project under title II
    prohibited under United States sanctions laws or regulations, including
    dealings with persons on the list of specially designated persons and
    blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of
    the Department of the Treasury, except to the extent otherwise
    authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary of State.
        (c) Prohibition on Support of Activities Subject to Sanctions.--The
    Corporation shall require any person receiving support under title II
    to certify that the person, and any entity owned or controlled by the
    person, is in compliance with all United States sanctions laws and
    regulations.
    SEC. 1454. APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF LAW.
        Subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of the Foreign
    Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2197) shall apply with respect to the
    Corporation to the same extent and in the same manner as such
    subsections applied with respect to the Overseas Private Investment
    Corporation on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.

                       TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

    SEC. 1461. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title:
            (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' includes any entity,
        organizational unit, program, or function.
            (2) Transition period.--The term ``transition period'' means
        the period--
                (A) beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and
                (B) ending on the effective date of the reorganization plan
            required by section 1462(e).
    SEC. 1462. REORGANIZATION PLAN.
        (a) Submission of Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
        enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to the
        appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan
        regarding the following:
                (A) The transfer of agencies, personnel, assets, and
            obligations to the Corporation pursuant to this title.
                (B) Any consolidation, reorganization, or streamlining of
            agencies transferred to the Corporation pursuant to this title.
                (C) Any efficiencies or cost savings achieved or additional
            costs incurred as a result of the transfer of agencies,
            personnel, assets, and obligations to the Corporation pursuant
            to this title, including reductions in unnecessary or
            duplicative operations, assets, and personnel.
            (2) Consultation.--Not later than 15 days before the date on
        which the plan is transmitted pursuant to this subsection, the
        President shall consult with the appropriate congressional
        committees on such plan.
        (b) Plan Elements.--The plan transmitted under subsection (a) shall
    contain, consistent with this division, such elements as the President
    deems appropriate, including the following:
            (1) Identification of any functions of agencies transferred to
        the Corporation pursuant to this title that will not be transferred
        to the Corporation under the plan.
            (2) Specification of the steps to be taken to organize the
        Corporation, including the delegation or assignment of functions
        transferred to the Corporation.
            (3) Specification of the funds available to each agency that
        will be transferred to the Corporation as a result of transfers
        under the plan.
            (4) Specification of the proposed allocations within the
        Corporation of unexpended funds transferred in connection with
        transfers under the plan.
            (5) Specification of any proposed disposition of property,
        facilities, contracts, records, and other assets and obligations of
        agencies transferred under the plan.
            (6) Specification of the number of authorized positions and
        personnel employed before the end of the transition period that
        will be transferred to the Corporation, including plans to mitigate
        the impact of such transfers on the United States Agency for
        International Development.
        (c) Report on Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--The transfer of functions authorized by this
        section may occur only after the President and Chief Executive
        Officer of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International
        Development jointly submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and
        Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and
        Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Appropriations of
        the Senate a report in writing that contains the information
        required by paragraph (2).
            (2) Information required.--The information required by this
        paragraph includes a description in detail of the procedures to be
        followed after the transfer of functions authorized by this section
        have occurred to coordinate between the Corporation and the United
        States Agency for International Development in carrying out the
        functions so transferred.
        (d) Modification of Plan.--The President shall consult with the
    appropriate congressional committees before making any material
    modification or revision to the plan before the plan becomes effective
    in accordance with subsection (e).
        (e) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--The reorganization plan described in this
        section, including any modifications or revisions of the plan under
        subsection (c), shall become effective for an agency on the date
        specified in the plan (or the plan as modified pursuant to
        subsection (d)), except that such date may not be earlier than 90
        days after the date the President has transmitted the
        reorganization plan to the appropriate congressional committees
        pursuant to subsection (a).
            (2) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be
        construed to require the transfer of functions, personnel, records,
        balances of appropriations, or other assets of an agency on a
        single date.
    SEC. 1463. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS.
        (a) In General.--Effective at the end of the transition period,
    there shall be transferred to the Corporation the functions, personnel,
    assets, and liabilities of--
            (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, as in
        existence on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act;
        and
            (2) the following elements of the United States Agency for
        International Development:
                (A) The Development Credit Authority.
                (B) The existing Legacy Credit portfolio under the Urban
            Environment Program and any other direct loan programs and non-
            Development Credit Authority guaranty programs authorized by
            the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or
            other predecessor Acts, as in existence on the date of the
            enactment of this Act, other than any sovereign loan
            guaranties.
        (b) Additional Transfer Authority.--Effective at the end of the
    transition period, there is authorized to be transferred to the
    Corporation, with the concurrence of the Administrator of the United
    States Agency for International Development, the functions, personnel,
    assets, and liabilities of the following elements of the United States
    Agency for International Development:
            (1) The Office of Private Capital and Microenterprise.
            (2) The enterprise funds.
        (c) Sovereign Loan Guaranty Transfer.--
            (1) In general.--Effective at the end of the transition period,
        there is authorized to be transferred to the Corporation or any
        other appropriate department or agency of the United States
        Government the loan accounts and the legal rights and
        responsibilities for the sovereign loan guaranty portfolio held by
        the United States Agency for International Development as in
        existence on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Inclusion in reorganization plan.--The President shall
        include in the reorganization plan submitted under section 1462 a
        description of the transfer authorized under paragraph (1).
        (d) Bilateral Agreements.--Any bilateral agreement of the United
    States in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act that serves
    as the basis for programs of the Overseas Private Investment
    Corporation and the Development Credit Authority shall be considered as
    satisfying the requirements of section 1431(a).
        (e) Transition.--During the transition period, the agencies
    specified in subsection (a) shall--
            (1) continue to administer the assets and obligations of those
        agencies; and
            (2) carry out such programs and activities authorized under
        this division as may be determined by the President.
    SEC. 1464. TERMINATION OF OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND
    OTHER SUPERCEDED AUTHORITIES.
        Effective at the end of the transition period--
            (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation is terminated;
        and
            (2) title IV of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance
        Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.) (other than subsections (g),
        (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of that Act) is repealed.
    SEC. 1465. TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITIES.
        (a) Provision of Assistance by Officials.--Until the transfer of an
    agency to the Corporation under section 1463, any official having
    authority over, or functions relating to, the agency on the day before
    the date of the enactment of this Act shall provide to the Corporation
    such assistance, including the use of personnel and assets, as the
    Corporation may request in preparing for the transfer and integration
    of the agency into the Corporation.
        (b) Services and Personnel.--During the transition period, upon the
    request of the Corporation, the head of any executive agency may, on a
    reimbursable or non-reimbursable basis, provide services or detail
    personnel to assist with the transition.
        (c) Acting Officials.--
            (1) In general.--During the transition period, pending the
        advice and consent of the Senate to the appointment of an officer
        required by this division to be appointed by and with such advice
        and consent, the President may designate any officer whose
        appointment was required to be made by and with such advice and
        consent and who was such an officer before the end of the
        transition period (and who continues in office) or immediately
        before such designation, to act in such office until the same is
        filled as provided in this division. While so acting, such officers
        shall receive compensation at the higher of--
                (A) the rates provided by this division for the respective
            offices in which they act; or
                (B) the rates provided for the offices held at the time of
            designation.
            (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this division shall be
        construed to require the advice and consent of the Senate to the
        appointment by the President to a position in the Corporation of
        any officer whose agency is transferred to the Corporation pursuant
        to this title and whose duties following such transfer are germane
        to those performed before such transfer.
        (d) Transfer of Personnel, Assets, Obligations, and Functions.--
    Upon the transfer of an agency to the Corporation under section 1463--
            (1) the personnel, assets, and obligations held by or available
        in connection with the agency shall be transferred to the
        Corporation for appropriate allocation, subject to the approval of
        the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and in
        accordance with section 1531(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code;
        and
            (2) the Corporation shall have all functions--
                (A) relating to the agency that any other official could by
            law exercise in relation to the agency immediately before such
            transfer; and
                (B) vested in the Corporation by this division or other
            law.
    SEC. 1466. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.
        (a) Completed Administrative Actions.--
            (1) In general.--Completed administrative actions of an agency
        shall not be affected by the enactment of this Act or the transfer
        of such agency to the Corporation under section 1463, but shall
        continue in effect according to their terms until amended,
        modified, superseded, terminated, set aside, or revoked in
        accordance with law by an officer of the United States or a court
        of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law.
            (2) Completed administrative action defined.--In this
        subsection, the term ``completed administrative action'' includes
        orders, determinations, rules, regulations, personnel actions,
        permits, agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, policies,
        licenses, registrations, and privileges.
        (b) Pending Proceedings.--
            (1) In general.--Pending proceedings in an agency, including
        notices of proposed rulemaking, and applications for licenses,
        permits, certificates, grants, and financial assistance, shall
        continue notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer
        of the agency to the Corporation, unless discontinued or modified
        under the same terms and conditions and to the same extent that
        such discontinuance could have occurred if such enactment or
        transfer had not occurred.
            (2) Orders.--Orders issued in proceedings described in
        paragraph (1), and appeals therefrom, and payments made pursuant to
        such orders, shall issue in the same manner and on the same terms
        as if this division had not been enacted or the agency had not been
        transferred, and any such orders shall continue in effect until
        amended, modified, superseded, terminated, set aside, or revoked by
        an officer of the United States or a court of competent
        jurisdiction, or by operation of law.
        (c) Pending Civil Actions.--Pending civil actions shall continue
    notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer of an agency
    to the Corporation, and in such civil actions, proceedings shall be
    had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered and enforced in the same
    manner and with the same effect as if such enactment or transfer had
    not occurred.
        (d) References.--References relating to an agency that is
    transferred to the Corporation under section 1463 in statutes,
    Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, or delegations of
    authority that precede such transfer or the date of the enactment of
    this Act shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the Corporation,
    to its officers, employees, or agents, or to its corresponding
    organizational units or functions. Statutory reporting requirements
    that applied in relation to such an agency immediately before the
    effective date of this division shall continue to apply following such
    transfer if they refer to the agency by name.
        (e) Employment Provisions.--
            (1) Regulations.--The Corporation may, in regulations
        prescribed jointly with the Director of the Office of Personnel
        Management, adopt the rules, procedures, terms, and conditions,
        established by statute, rule, or regulation before the date of the
        enactment of this Act, relating to employment in any agency
        transferred to the Corporation under section 1463.
            (2) Effect of transfer on conditions of employment.--Except as
        otherwise provided in this division, or under authority granted by
        this division, the transfer pursuant to this title of personnel
        shall not alter the terms and conditions of employment, including
        compensation, of any employee so transferred.
        (f) Statutory Reporting Requirements.--Any statutory reporting
    requirement that applied to an agency transferred to the Corporation
    under this title immediately before the date of the enactment of this
    Act shall continue to apply following that transfer if the statutory
    requirement refers to the agency by name.
    SEC. 1467. OTHER TERMINATIONS.
        Except as otherwise provided in this division, whenever all the
    functions vested by law in any agency have been transferred pursuant to
    this title, each position and office the incumbent of which was
    authorized to receive compensation at the rates prescribed for an
    office or position at level II, III, IV, or V of the Executive Schedule
    under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, shall
    terminate.
    SEC. 1468. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS.
        The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in
    consultation with the Corporation, is authorized and directed to make
    such additional incidental dispositions of personnel, assets, and
    liabilities held, used, arising from, available, or to be made
    available, in connection with the functions transferred by this title,
    as the Director may determine necessary to accomplish the purposes of
    this division.
    SEC. 1469. REFERENCE.
        With respect to any function transferred under this title
    (including under a reorganization plan under section 1462) and
    exercised on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, reference
    in any other Federal law to any department, commission, or agency or
    any officer or office the functions of which are so transferred shall
    be deemed to refer to the Corporation or official or component of the
    Corporation to which that function is so transferred.
    SEC. 1470. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
        (a) Exempt Programs.--Section 255(g) of the Balanced Budget and
    Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)) is amended by
    striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation, Noncredit Account
    (71-4184-0-3-151).'' and inserting ``United States International
    Development Finance Corporation.''.
        (b) Executive Schedule.--Title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 5314, by striking ``President, Overseas Private
        Investment Corporation.'';
            (2) in section 5315, by striking ``Executive Vice President,
        Overseas Private Investment Corporation.''; and
            (3) in section 5316, by striking ``Vice Presidents, Overseas
        Private Investment Corporation (3).''.
        (c) Office of International Trade of the Small Business
    Administration.--Section 22 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 649)
    is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1),
        by striking ``the President of the Overseas Private Investment
        Corporation, Director'' and inserting ``the Board of Directors of
        the United States International Development Finance Corporation,
        the Director''; and
            (2) by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation''
        each place it appears and inserting ``United States International
        Development Finance Corporation''.
        (d) United States and Foreign Commercial Service.--Section 2301 of
    the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4721) is amended by
    striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' each place it
    appears and inserting ``United States International Development Finance
    Corporation''.
        (e) Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee.--Section 2312(d)(1)(K)
    of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4727(d)(1)(K)) is
    amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and
    inserting ``United States International Development Finance
    Corporation''.
        (f) Interagency Trade Data Advisory Committee.--Section 5402(b) of
    the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4902(b))
    is amended by striking ``the President of the Overseas Private
    Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``the Chief Executive Officer of
    the United States International Development Finance Corporation''.
        (g) Misuse of Names of Federal Agencies.--Section 709 of title 18,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ```Overseas Private
    Investment', `Overseas Private Investment Corporation', or `OPIC',''
    and inserting ```United States International Development Finance
    Corporation' or `DFC'''.
        (h) Engagement on Currency Exchange Rate and Economic Policies.--
    Section 701(c)(1)(A) of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement
    Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4421(c)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``Overseas
    Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States
    International Development Finance Corporation''.
        (i) Internships With Institute for International Public Policy.--
    Section 625 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1131c(a)) is
    amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and
    inserting ``United States International Development Finance
    Corporation''.
        (j) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--The Foreign Assistance Act of
    1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 116--
                (A) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, and no support may
            be provided under title II of the Better Utilization of
            Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018,'' after ``this
            part'';
                (B) in the first subsection (b)--
                    (i) by inserting ``or title II of the Better
                Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of
                2018'' after ``this part'';
                    (ii) by inserting ``or the Chief Executive Officer of
                the United States International Development Finance
                Corporation, as applicable,'' after ``this Act'';
                    (iii) by inserting ``or support'' after ``the
                assistance''; and
                    (iv) by inserting ``or support'' after ``such
                assistance'' each place it appears;
                (C) in the second subsection (b), by inserting ``under this
            part, and no support may be provided under title II of the
            Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of
            2018,'' after ``provided''; and
                (D) in subsection (c), by striking ``under this part, the
            Administrator'' and inserting ``under this part, or support
            provided under title II of the Better Utilization of
            Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018, the
            Administrator, or the Chief Executive Officer of the United
            States International Development Finance Corporation, as
            applicable,'';
            (2) in section 449B(b)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2296b(b)(2)), by striking
        ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United
        States International Development Finance Corporation''; and
            (3) in section 481(e)(4)(A) (22 U.S.C. 2291(e)(4)(A)), in the
        matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``(including programs
        under title IV of chapter 2, relating to the Overseas Private
        Investment Corporation)'' and inserting ``(and any support under
        title II of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to
        Development Act of 2018, relating to the United States
        International Development Finance Corporation)''.
        (k) Electrify Africa Act of 2015.--Sections 5 and 7 of the
    Electrify Africa Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-121; 22 U.S.C. 2293 note)
    are amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation''
    each place it appears and inserting ``United States International
    Development Finance Corporation''.
        (l) Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016.--
    Section 2(3) of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of
    2016 (Public Law 114-191; 22 U.S.C. 2394c note) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``except for'' and all
        that follows through ``chapter 3'' and insert ``except for chapter
        3'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(E) the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to
            Development Act of 2018.''.
        (m) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program.--The
    Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401
    et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 2(c) (22 U.S.C. 5401(c)), by striking paragraph
        (12) and inserting the following:
            ``(12) United states international development finance
        corporation.--Programs of the United States International
        Development Finance Corporation.''; and
            (2) in section 201 (22 U.S.C. 5421), by striking subsection (e)
        and inserting the following:
        ``(e) Grants to Enterprise Funds.--Funds appropriated to the
    President pursuant to subsection (b) shall be granted to the Enterprise
    Funds to carry out the purposes specified in subsection (a) and for the
    administrative expenses of each Enterprise Fund--
            ``(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), by the United States
        Agency for International Development; or
            ``(2) if the Enterprise Funds are transferred to the United
        States International Development Finance Corporation pursuant to
        section 1463(b) of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to
        Development Act of 2018, by the Corporation.''.
        (n) Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of
    1996.--Section 202(b)(2)(B)(iv) of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic
    Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (22 U.S.C. 6062(b)(2)(B)(iv)) is
    amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and
    inserting ``United States International Development Finance
    Corporation''.
        (o) International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.--Section
    405(a)(10) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22
    U.S.C. 6445(a)(10)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private
    Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International
    Development Finance Corporation''.
        (p) Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.--Section 103(8)(A)
    of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C.
    7102(8)(A)) is amended in clause (viii) to read as follows:
                    ``(viii) any support under title II of the Better
                Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of
                2018 relating to the United States International
                Development Finance Corporation; and''.
        (q) Technology Deployment in Developing Countries.--Section 732(b)
    of the Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989 (22
    U.S.C. 7902(b)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment
    Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development
    Finance Corporation''.
        (r) Expanded Nonmilitary Assistance for Ukraine.--Section 7(c)(3)
    of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8926(c)(3)) is
    amended--
            (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``Overseas private
        investment corporation'' and inserting ``United states
        international development finance corporation'';
            (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
        ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United
        States International Development Finance Corporation''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``by eligible investors
        (as defined in section 238 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
        (22 U.S.C. 2198))''.
        (s) Global Food Security Act of 2016.--Section 4(7) of the Global
    Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303(7)) is amended by striking
    ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United
    States International Development Finance Corporation''.
        (t) Sense of Congress on European and Eurasian Energy Security.--
    Section 257(c)(2)(B) of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and
    Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9546(c)(2)(B)) is amended by striking
    ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United
    States International Development Finance Corporation''.
        (u) Wholly Owned Government Corporation.--Section 9101(3) of title
    31, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Overseas Private
    Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International
    Development Finance Corporation''.
        (v) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.--Title IX of the
    Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17321 et seq.)
    is amended--
            (1) in section 914 (42 U.S.C. 17334)--
                (A) in the section heading, by striking ``overseas private
            investment corporation'' and inserting ``united states
            international development finance corporation'';
                (B) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation''
            and inserting ``United States International Development Finance
            Corporation''; and
                (C) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation
            shall include in its annual report required under section 240A
            of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2200a)'' and
            inserting ``United States International Development Finance
            Corporation shall include in its annual report required under
            section 1443 of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading
            to Development Act of 2018''; and
            (2) in section 916(a)(2)(I) (42 U.S.C. 17336(a)(2)(I)), by
        striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation:'' and inserting
        ``United States International Development Finance Corporation;''.
        (w) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take
    effect at the end of the transition period.

                         DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

    SEC. 1501. SYRIA STUDY GROUP.
        (a) Establishment.--There is established a working group to be
    known as the ``Syria Study Group'' (in this section referred to as the
    ``Group'').
        (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Group is to examine and make
    recommendations on the military and diplomatic strategy of the United
    States with respect to the conflict in Syria.
        (c) Composition.--
            (1) Membership.--The Group shall be composed of 12 members,
        none of whom may be members of Congress, who shall be appointed as
        follows:
                (A) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on
            Armed Services of the Senate.
                (B) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of
            the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate.
                (C) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on
            Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                (D) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of
            the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                (E) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on
            Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
                (F) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of
            the Committee on Armed Services of the House of
            Representatives.
                (G) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on
            Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
                (H) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of
            the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
            Representatives.
                (I) One member appointed by the majority leader of the
            Senate.
                (J) One member appointed by the minority leader of the
            Senate.
                (K) One member appointed by the Speaker of the House of
            Representatives.
                (L) One member appointed by the minority leader of the
            House of Representatives.
            (2) Co-chairs.--
                (A) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall be
            jointly designated by--
                    (i) the chairs of the Committee on Armed Services and
                the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                    (ii) the chairs of the Committee on Armed Services and
                the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
                Representatives;
                    (iii) the majority leader of the Senate; and
                    (iv) the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
                (B) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall be
            jointly designated by--
                    (i) the ranking minority members of the Committee on
                Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of
                the Senate;
                    (ii) the ranking minority members of the Committee on
                Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
                House of Representatives;
                    (iii) the minority leader of the Senate; and
                    (iv) the minority leader of the House of
                Representatives.
            (3) Period of appointment.--A member shall be appointed for the
        life of the Group.
            (4) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Group shall be filled in the
        same manner as the original appointment.
        (d) Duties.--
            (1) Review.--The Group shall conduct a review on the current
        United States military and diplomatic strategy with respect to the
        conflict in Syria that includes a review of current United States
        objectives in Syria and the desired end state in Syria.
            (2) Assessment and recommendations.--The Group shall--
                (A) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current
            situation in Syria, the impact of such situation on neighboring
            countries, the resulting regional and geopolitical threats to
            the United States, and current military, diplomatic, and
            political efforts to achieve a stable Syria; and
                (B) develop recommendations on the military and diplomatic
            strategy of the United States with respect to the conflict in
            Syria.
        (e) Cooperation of United States Government.--
            (1) In general.--The Group shall receive the full and timely
        cooperation of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State,
        and the Director of National Intelligence in providing the Group
        with analyses, briefings, and other information necessary for the
        discharge of the duties of the Group under subsection (d).
            (2) Liaison.--The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State,
        and the Director of National Intelligence shall each designate at
        least one officer or employee of the Department of Defense, the
        Department of State, and the Office of the Director of National
        Intelligence, respectively, to serve as a liaison to the Group.
            (3) Facilitation.--The United States Institute of Peace shall
        take appropriate actions to facilitate the Group in the discharge
        of the duties of the Group under this section.
        (f) Reports.--
            (1) Final report.--
                (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the
            President, the Secretary of Defense, the Committee on Armed
            Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate,
            the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign
            Affairs of the House of Representatives, the majority and
            minority leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of
            Representatives, and the minority leader of the House of
            Representatives a report that sets forth the findings,
            conclusions, and recommendations of the Group under this
            section.
                (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph (A)
            shall include each of the following:
                    (i) An assessment of the current security, political,
                humanitarian, and economic situations in Syria.
                    (ii) An assessment of the current participation and
                objectives of the various external actors in Syria.
                    (iii) An assessment of the consequences of continued
                conflict in Syria.
                    (iv) Recommendations for a resolution to the conflict
                in Syria, including--

                        (I) options for a gradual political transition to a
                    post-Assad Syria; and
                        (II) actions necessary for reconciliation.

                    (v) A roadmap for a United States and coalition
                strategy to reestablish security and governance in Syria,
                including recommendations for the synchronization of
                stabilization, development, counterterrorism, and
                reconstruction efforts.
                    (vi) Any other matter with respect to the conflict in
                Syria that the Group considers to be appropriate.
            (2) Interim report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
        enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the Committee
        on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
        Senate, the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on
        Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the majority and
        minority leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of
        Representatives, and the minority leader of the House of
        Representatives a report that describes the status of the review
        and assessment under subsection (d) and any interim recommendations
        developed by the Group as of the date of the briefing.
            (3) Form of report.--The report submitted to Congress under
        paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may
        include a classified annex.
        (g) Termination.--The Group shall terminate on the date that is 180
    days after the date on which the Group submits the report required by
    subsection (f)(1).

                    DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

    SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``Preventing Emerging Threats Act
    of 2018''.
    SEC. 1602. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED
    AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title II of the Homeland Security
    Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``SEC. 210G. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED
    AIRCRAFT.
        ``(a) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United
    States Code, or sections 32, 1030, 1367 and chapters 119 and 206 of
    title 18, United States Code, the Secretary and the Attorney General
    may, for their respective Departments, take, and may authorize
    personnel with assigned duties that include the security or protection
    of people, facilities, or assets, to take such actions as are described
    in subsection (b)(1) that are necessary to mitigate a credible threat
    (as defined by the Secretary or the Attorney General, in consultation
    with the Secretary of Transportation) that an unmanned aircraft system
    or unmanned aircraft poses to the safety or security of a covered
    facility or asset.
        ``(b) Actions Described.--
            ``(1) In general.--The actions authorized in subsection (a) are
        the following:
                ``(A) During the operation of the unmanned aircraft system,
            detect, identify, monitor, and track the unmanned aircraft
            system or unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including
            by means of intercept or other access of a wire communication,
            an oral communication, or an electronic communication used to
            control the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                ``(B) Warn the operator of the unmanned aircraft system or
            unmanned aircraft, including by passive or active, and direct
            or indirect physical, electronic, radio, and electromagnetic
            means.
                ``(C) Disrupt control of the unmanned aircraft system or
            unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including by
            disabling the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft by
            intercepting, interfering, or causing interference with wire,
            oral, electronic, or radio communications used to control the
            unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                ``(D) Seize or exercise control of the unmanned aircraft
            system or unmanned aircraft.
                ``(E) Seize or otherwise confiscate the unmanned aircraft
            system or unmanned aircraft.
                ``(F) Use reasonable force, if necessary, to disable,
            damage, or destroy the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned
            aircraft.
            ``(2) Required coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney
        General shall develop for their respective Departments the actions
        described in paragraph (1) in coordination with the Secretary of
        Transportation.
            ``(3) Research, testing, training, and evaluation.--The
        Secretary and the Attorney General shall conduct research, testing,
        training on, and evaluation of any equipment, including any
        electronic equipment, to determine its capability and utility prior
        to the use of any such technology for any action described in
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney General
        shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration when any action authorized by this section might
        affect aviation safety, civilian aviation and aerospace operations,
        aircraft airworthiness, or the use of the airspace.
        ``(c) Forfeiture.--Any unmanned aircraft system or unmanned
    aircraft described in subsection (a) that is seized by the Secretary or
    the Attorney General is subject to forfeiture to the United States.
        ``(d) Regulations and Guidance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, the Attorney General, and the
        Secretary of Transportation may prescribe regulations and shall
        issue guidance in the respective areas of each Secretary or the
        Attorney General to carry out this section.
            ``(2) Coordination.--
                ``(A) Coordination with department of transportation.--The
            Secretary and the Attorney General shall coordinate the
            development of their respective guidance under paragraph (1)
            with the Secretary of Transportation.
                ``(B) Effect on aviation safety.--The Secretary and the
            Attorney General shall respectively coordinate with the
            Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration before issuing any guidance, or
            otherwise implementing this section, if such guidance or
            implementation might affect aviation safety, civilian aviation
            and aerospace operations, aircraft airworthiness, or the use of
            airspace.
        ``(e) Privacy Protection.--The regulations or guidance issued to
    carry out actions authorized under subsection (b) by each Secretary or
    the Attorney General, as the case may be, shall ensure that--
            ``(1) the interception or acquisition of, or access to, or
        maintenance or use of, communications to or from an unmanned
        aircraft system under this section is conducted in a manner
        consistent with the First and Fourth Amendments to the Constitution
        of the United States and applicable provisions of Federal law;
            ``(2) communications to or from an unmanned aircraft system are
        intercepted or acquired only to the extent necessary to support an
        action described in subsection (b)(1);
            ``(3) records of such communications are maintained only for as
        long as necessary, and in no event for more than 180 days, unless
        the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General
        determine that maintenance of such records is necessary to
        investigate or prosecute a violation of law, directly support an
        ongoing security operation, is required under Federal law, or for
        the purpose of any litigation;
            ``(4) such communications are not disclosed outside the
        Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Justice unless
        the disclosure--
                ``(A) is necessary to investigate or prosecute a violation
            of law;
                ``(B) would support the Department of Defense, a Federal
            law enforcement agency, or the enforcement activities of a
            regulatory agency of the Federal Government in connection with
            a criminal or civil investigation of, or any regulatory,
            statutory, or other enforcement action relating to an action
            described in subsection (b)(1);
                ``(C) is between the Department of Homeland Security and
            the Department of Justice in the course of a security or
            protection operation of either agency or a joint operation of
            such agencies; or
                ``(D) is otherwise required by law; and
            ``(5) to the extent necessary, the Department of Homeland
        Security and the Department of Justice are authorized to share
        threat information, which shall not include communications referred
        to in subsection (b), with State, local, territorial, or tribal law
        enforcement agencies in the course of a security or protection
        operation.
        ``(f) Budget.--The Secretary and the Attorney General shall submit
    to Congress, as a part of the homeland security or justice budget
    materials for each fiscal year after fiscal year 2019, a consolidated
    funding display that identifies the funding source for the actions
    described in subsection (b)(1) within the Department of Homeland
    Security or the Department of Justice. The funding display shall be in
    unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
        ``(g) Semiannual Briefings and Notifications.--
            ``(1) In general.--On a semiannual basis during the period
        beginning 6 months after the date of enactment of this section and
        ending on the date specified in subsection (i), the Secretary and
        the Attorney General shall, respectively, provide a briefing to the
        appropriate congressional committees on the activities carried out
        pursuant to this section.
            ``(2) Requirement.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1)
        shall be conducted jointly with the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(3) Content.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1)
        shall include--
                ``(A) policies, programs, and procedures to mitigate or
            eliminate impacts of such activities to the National Airspace
            System;
                ``(B) a description of instances in which actions described
            in subsection (b)(1) have been taken, including all such
            instances that may have resulted in harm, damage, or loss to a
            person or to private property;
                ``(C) a description of the guidance, policies, or
            procedures established to address privacy, civil rights, and
            civil liberties issues implicated by the actions allowed under
            this section, as well as any changes or subsequent efforts that
            would significantly affect privacy, civil rights or civil
            liberties;
                ``(D) a description of options considered and steps taken
            to mitigate any identified impacts to the national airspace
            system related to the use of any system or technology,
            including the minimization of the use of any technology that
            disrupts the transmission of radio or electronic signals, for
            carrying out the actions described in subsection (b)(1);
                ``(E) a description of instances in which communications
            intercepted or acquired during the course of operations of an
            unmanned aircraft system were held for more than 180 days or
            shared outside of the Department of Justice or the Department
            of Homeland Security;
                ``(F) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the
            Secretary of Transportation have informed the public as to the
            possible use of authorities under this section;
                ``(G) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the
            Secretary of Transportation have engaged with Federal, State,
            and local law enforcement agencies to implement and use such
            authorities.
            ``(4) Unclassified form.--Each briefing required under
        paragraph (1) shall be in unclassified form, but may be accompanied
        by an additional classified briefing.
            ``(5) Notification.--Within 30 days of deploying any new
        technology to carry out the actions described in subsection (b)(1),
        the Secretary and the Attorney General shall, respectively, submit
        a notification to the appropriate congressional committees. Such
        notification shall include a description of options considered to
        mitigate any identified impacts to the national airspace system
        related to the use of any system or technology, including the
        minimization of the use of any technology that disrupts the
        transmission of radio or electronic signals, for carrying out the
        actions described in subsection (b)(1).
        ``(h) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed to--
            ``(1) vest in the Secretary or the Attorney General any
        authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator
        of the Federal Aviation Administration;
            ``(2) vest in the Secretary of Transportation or the
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration any authority
        of the Secretary or the Attorney General;
            ``(3) vest in the Secretary of Homeland Security any authority
        of the Attorney General;
            ``(4) vest in the Attorney General any authority of the
        Secretary of Homeland Security; or
            ``(5) provide a new basis of liability for any State, local,
        territorial, or tribal law enforcement officers who participate in
        the protection of a mass gathering identified by the Secretary or
        Attorney General under subsection (k)(3)(C)(iii)(II), act within
        the scope of their authority, and do not exercise the authority
        granted to the Secretary and Attorney General by this section.
        ``(i) Termination.--The authority to carry out this section with
    respect to a covered facility or asset specified in subsection (k)(3)
    shall terminate on the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment
    of this section.
        ``(j) Scope of Authority.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to provide the Secretary or the Attorney General with
    additional authorities beyond those described in subsections (a) and
    (k)(3)(C)(iii).
        ``(k) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) The term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
                ``(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
            Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the
            Senate; and
                ``(B) the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Energy and
            Commerce, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of
            Representatives.
            ``(2) The term `budget', with respect to a fiscal year, means
        the budget for that fiscal year that is submitted to Congress by
        the President under section 1105(a) of title 31.
            ``(3) The term `covered facility or asset' means any facility
        or asset that--
                ``(A) is identified as high-risk and a potential target for
            unlawful unmanned aircraft activity by the Secretary or the
            Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of
            Transportation with respect to potentially impacted airspace,
            through a risk-based assessment for purposes of this section
            (except that in the case of the missions described in
            subparagraph (C)(i)(II) and (C)(iii)(I), such missions shall be
            presumed to be for the protection of a facility or asset that
            is assessed to be high-risk and a potential target for unlawful
            unmanned aircraft activity);
                ``(B) is located in the United States (including the
            territories and possessions, territorial seas or navigable
            waters of the United States); and
                ``(C) directly relates to one or more--
                    ``(i) missions authorized to be performed by the
                Department of Homeland Security, consistent with governing
                statutes, regulations, and orders issued by the Secretary,
                pertaining to--

                        ``(I) security or protection functions of the U.S.
                    Customs and Border Protection, including securing or
                    protecting facilities, aircraft, and vessels, whether
                    moored or underway;
                        ``(II) United States Secret Service protection
                    operations pursuant to sections 3056(a) and 3056A(a) of
                    title 18, United States Code, and the Presidential
                    Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056
                    note); or
                        ``(III) protection of facilities pursuant to
                    section 1315(a) of title 40, United States Code;

                    ``(ii) missions authorized to be performed by the
                Department of Justice, consistent with governing statutes,
                regulations, and orders issued by the Attorney General,
                pertaining to--

                        ``(I) personal protection operations by--

                            ``(aa) the Federal Bureau of Investigation as
                        specified in section 533 of title 28, United States
                        Code; and
                            ``(bb) the United States Marshals Service of
                        Federal jurists, court officers, witnesses, and
                        other threatened persons in the interests of
                        justice, as specified in section 566(e)(1)(A) of
                        title 28, United States Code;

                        ``(II) protection of penal, detention, and
                    correctional facilities and operations conducted by the
                    Federal Bureau of Prisons; or
                        ``(III) protection of the buildings and grounds
                    leased, owned, or operated by or for the Department of
                    Justice, and the provision of security for Federal
                    courts, as specified in section 566(a) of title 28,
                    United States Code;

                    ``(iii) missions authorized to be performed by the
                Department of Homeland Security or the Department of
                Justice, acting together or separately, consistent with
                governing statutes, regulations, and orders issued by the
                Secretary or the Attorney General, respectively, pertaining
                to--

                        ``(I) protection of a National Special Security
                    Event and Special Event Assessment Rating event;
                        ``(II) the provision of support to State, local,
                    territorial, or tribal law enforcement, upon request of
                    the chief executive officer of the State or territory,
                    to ensure protection of people and property at mass
                    gatherings, that is limited to a specified timeframe
                    and location, within available resources, and without
                    delegating any authority under this section to State,
                    local, territorial, or tribal law enforcement; or
                        ``(III) protection of an active Federal law
                    enforcement investigation, emergency response, or
                    security function, that is limited to a specified
                    timeframe and location; and

                    ``(iv) missions authorized to be performed by the
                United States Coast Guard, including those described in
                clause (iii) as directed by the Secretary, and as further
                set forth in section 104 of title 14, United States Code,
                and consistent with governing statutes, regulations, and
                orders issued by the Secretary of the Department in which
                the Coast Guard is operating.
            ``(4) The terms `electronic communication', `intercept', `oral
        communication', and `wire communication' have the meaning given
        those terms in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code.
            ``(5) The term `homeland security or justice budget materials',
        with respect to a fiscal year, means the materials submitted to
        Congress by the Secretary and the Attorney General in support of
        the budget for that fiscal year.
            ``(6) For purposes of subsection (a), the term `personnel'
        means officers and employees of the Department of Homeland Security
        or the Department of Justice.
            ``(7) The terms `unmanned aircraft' and `unmanned aircraft
        system' have the meanings given those terms in section 44801, of
        title 49, United States Code.
            ``(8) For purposes of this section, the term `risk-based
        assessment' includes an evaluation of threat information specific
        to a covered facility or asset and, with respect to potential
        impacts on the safety and efficiency of the national airspace
        system and the needs of law enforcement and national security at
        each covered facility or asset identified by the Secretary or the
        Attorney General, respectively, of each of the following factors:
                ``(A) Potential impacts to safety, efficiency, and use of
            the national airspace system, including potential effects on
            manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems, aviation safety,
            airport operations, infrastructure, and air navigation services
            related to the use of any system or technology for carrying out
            the actions described in subsection (b)(1).
                ``(B) Options for mitigating any identified impacts to the
            national airspace system related to the use of any system or
            technology, including minimizing when possible the use of any
            technology which disrupts the transmission of radio or
            electronic signals, for carrying out the actions described in
            subsection (b)(1).
                ``(C) Potential consequences of the impacts of any actions
            taken under subsection (b)(1) to the national airspace system
            and infrastructure if not mitigated.
                ``(D) The ability to provide reasonable advance notice to
            aircraft operators consistent with the safety of the national
            airspace system and the needs of law enforcement and national
            security.
                ``(E) The setting and character of any covered facility or
            asset, including whether it is located in a populated area or
            near other structures, whether the facility is open to the
            public, whether the facility is also used for nongovernmental
            functions, and any potential for interference with wireless
            communications or for injury or damage to persons or property.
                ``(F) The setting, character, timeframe, and national
            airspace system impacts of National Special Security Event and
            Special Event Assessment Rating events.
                ``(G) Potential consequences to national security, public
            safety, or law enforcement if threats posed by unmanned
            aircraft systems are not mitigated or defeated.
        ``(l) Department of Homeland Security Assessment.--
            ``(1) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
        enactment of this section, the Secretary shall conduct, in
        coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of
        Transportation, an assessment to the appropriate congressional
        committees, including--
                ``(A) an evaluation of the threat from unmanned aircraft
            systems to United States critical infrastructure (as defined in
            this Act) and to domestic large hub airports (as defined in
            section 40102 of title 49, United States Code);
                ``(B) an evaluation of current Federal and State, local,
            territorial, or tribal law enforcement authorities to counter
            the threat identified in subparagraph (A), and recommendations,
            if any, for potential changes to existing authorities to allow
            State, local, territorial, and tribal law enforcement to assist
            Federal law enforcement to counter the threat where
            appropriate;
                ``(C) an evaluation of the knowledge of, efficiency of, and
            effectiveness of current procedures and resources available to
            owners of critical infrastructure and domestic large hub
            airports when they believe a threat from unmanned aircraft
            systems is present and what additional actions, if any, the
            Department of Homeland Security or the Department of
            Transportation could implement under existing authorities to
            assist these entities to counter the threat identified in
            subparagraph (A);
                ``(D) an assessment of what, if any, additional authorities
            are needed by each Department and law enforcement to counter
            the threat identified in subparagraph (A); and
                ``(E) an assessment of what, if any, additional research
            and development the Department needs to counter the threat
            identified in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Unclassified form.--The report required under paragraph
        (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a
        classified annex.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
    such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section
    210F the following:

    ``Sec. 210G. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned
              aircraft.''.
    SEC. 1603. PROTECTING AGAINST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.
        (a) In General.--Chapter 5 of title 14, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 103 the following:
    ``Sec. 104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft
        ``For the purposes of section 210G(k)(3)(C)(iv) of the Homeland
    Security Act of 2002, the missions authorized to be performed by the
    United States Coast Guard shall be those related to--
            ``(1) functions of the U.S. Coast Guard relating to security or
        protection of facilities and assets assessed to be high-risk and a
        potential target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity, including
        the security and protection of--
                ``(A) a facility, including a facility that is under the
            administrative control of the Commandant; and
                ``(B) a vessel (whether moored or underway) or an aircraft,
            including a vessel or aircraft--
                    ``(i) that is operated by the Coast Guard, or that the
                Coast Guard is assisting or escorting; and
                    ``(ii) that is directly involved in a mission of the
                Coast Guard pertaining to--

                        ``(I) assisting or escorting a vessel of the
                    Department of Defense;
                        ``(II) assisting or escorting a vessel of national
                    security significance, a high interest vessel, a high
                    capacity passenger vessel, or a high value unit, as
                    those terms are defined by the Secretary;
                        ``(III) section 91(a) of this title;
                        ``(IV) assistance in protecting the President or
                    the Vice President (or other officer next in order of
                    succession to the Office of the President) pursuant to
                    the Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18
                    U.S.C. 3056 note);
                        ``(V) protection of a National Special Security
                    Event and Special Event Assessment Rating events;
                        ``(VI) air defense of the United States, including
                    air sovereignty, ground-based air defense, and the
                    National Capital Region integrated air defense system;
                    or
                        ``(VII) a search and rescue operation; and

            ``(2) missions directed by the Secretary pursuant to
        210G(k)(3)(C)(iii) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 5 of title 14,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
    section 103 the following:

    ``104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.''.

       DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

        The following sums are hereby appropriated, out of any money in the
    Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or
    other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the several departments,
    agencies, corporations, and other organizational units of Government
    for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes, namely:

                  DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

                       Community Planning and Development

                           community development fund

                         (including transfers of funds)

        For an additional amount for ``Community Development Fund'',
    $1,680,000,000, to remain available until expended, for necessary
    expenses for activities authorized under title I of the Housing and
    Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.) related to
    disaster relief, long-term recovery, restoration of infrastructure and
    housing, and economic revitalization in the most impacted and
    distressed areas resulting from a major disaster declared in 2018
    pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.): Provided, That funds shall be
    awarded directly to the State or unit of general local government at
    the discretion of the Secretary: Provided further, That as a condition
    of making any grant, the Secretary shall certify in advance that such
    grantee has in place proficient financial controls and procurement
    processes and has established adequate procedures to prevent any
    duplication of benefits as defined by section 312 of the Robert T.
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155),
    to ensure timely expenditure of funds, to maintain comprehensive
    websites regarding all disaster recovery activities assisted with these
    funds, and to detect and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds:
    Provided further, That prior to the obligation of funds a grantee shall
    submit a plan to the Secretary for approval detailing the proposed use
    of all funds, including criteria for eligibility and how the use of
    these funds will address long-term recovery and restoration of
    infrastructure and housing and economic revitalization in the most
    impacted and distressed areas: Provided further, That such funds may
    not be used for activities reimbursable by, or for which funds are made
    available by, the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Army Corps
    of Engineers: Provided further, That funds allocated under this heading
    shall not be considered relevant to the non-disaster formula
    allocations made pursuant to section 106 of the Housing and Community
    Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5306): Provided further, That a
    State or subdivision thereof may use up to 5 percent of its allocation
    for administrative costs: Provided further, That in administering the
    funds under this heading, the Secretary of Housing and Urban
    Development may waive, or specify alternative requirements for, any
    provision of any statute or regulation that the Secretary administers
    in connection with the obligation by the Secretary or the use by the
    recipient of these funds (except for requirements related to fair
    housing, nondiscrimination, labor standards, and the environment), if
    the Secretary finds that good cause exists for the waiver or
    alternative requirement and such waiver or alternative requirement
    would not be inconsistent with the overall purpose of title I of the
    Housing and Community Development Act of 1974: Provided further, That,
    notwithstanding the preceding proviso, recipients of funds provided
    under this heading that use such funds to supplement Federal assistance
    provided under section 402, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408(c)(4), or 502 of
    the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42
    U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) may adopt, without review or public comment, any
    environmental review, approval, or permit performed by a Federal
    agency, and such adoption shall satisfy the responsibilities of the
    recipient with respect to such environmental review, approval or
    permit: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 104(g)(2) of
    the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.
    5304(g)(2)), the Secretary may, upon receipt of a request for release
    of funds and certification, immediately approve the release of funds
    for an activity or project assisted under this heading if the recipient
    has adopted an environmental review, approval or permit under the
    preceding proviso or the activity or project is categorically excluded
    from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
    U.S.C. 4321 et seq.): Provided further, That the Secretary shall
    publish via notice in the Federal Register any waiver, or alternative
    requirement, to any statute or regulation that the Secretary
    administers pursuant to title I of the Housing and Community
    Development Act of 1974 no later than 5 days before the effective date
    of such waiver or alternative requirement: Provided further, That of
    the amounts made available under this heading, up to $2,500,000 may be
    transferred, in aggregate, to ``Department of Housing and Urban
    Development--Program Office Salaries and Expenses--Community Planning
    and Development'' for necessary costs, including information technology
    costs, of administering and overseeing the obligation and expenditure
    of amounts under this heading: Provided further, That such amount is
    designated by the Congress as being for an emergency requirement
    pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and
    Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985: Provided further, That the
    amount designated under this heading as an emergency requirement
    pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and
    Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 shall be available only if the
    President subsequently so designates such amount and transmits such
    designation to the Congress.
    SEC. 1701. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
        (a) Statutory PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this
    division shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained
    pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay As-You-Go Act of 2010.
        (b) Senate PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this
    division shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for
    purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
        (c) Classification of Budgetary Effects.--Notwithstanding Rule 3 of
    the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint explanatory
    statement of the committee of conference accompanying Conference Report
    105-217 and section 250(c)(7) and (c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and
    Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this
    division shall be estimated for purposes of section 251 of such Act.
        This division may be cited as the ``Supplemental Appropriations for
    Disaster Relief Act, 2018''.

                         DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

    SEC. 1801. SHORT TITLE.
        This division may be cited as the ``Maritime Security Improvement
    Act of 2018''.
    SEC. 1802. DEFINITIONS.
        In this division:
            (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate
        committees of Congress'' means--
                (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            of the Senate;
                (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
            Affairs of the Senate;
                (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of
            Representatives; and
                (D) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives.
            (2) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation Security
        Administration.
    SEC. 1803. COORDINATION WITH TSA ON MARITIME FACILITIES.
        The Secretary of Homeland Security shall--
            (1) provide the Administrator of the TSA with updates to
        vulnerability assessments required under section 70102(b)(3) of
        title 46, United States Code, to avoid any duplication of effort
        between the Coast Guard and the TSA; and
            (2) identify any security gaps between authorities of operating
        entities within the Department of Homeland Security that a threat
        could exploit to cause a transportation security incident (as
        defined in section 70101 of title 46, United States Code).
    SEC. 1804. STRATEGIC PLAN TO ENHANCE THE SECURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    SUPPLY CHAIN.
        Section 201 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act
    of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 941) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``as appropriate'' and
        inserting ``triennially''; and
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                (A) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and inserting
            ``Reports''; and
                (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Updates.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
        enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018 and
        triennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the
        appropriate congressional committees a report that contains any
        updates to the strategic plan under subsection (a) since the prior
        report.''.
    SEC. 1805. CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION SHARING AND COORDINATION IN PORTS.
        (a) Maritime Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Model.--The Secretary of
    Homeland Security, through the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the
    Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure
    protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department
    of Homeland Security, shall--
            (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
        Act, coordinate with the National Maritime Security Advisory
        Committee, the Area Maritime Security Advisory Committees, and
        other maritime stakeholders, as necessary, to develop and implement
        a maritime cybersecurity risk assessment model, consistent with the
        activities described in section 2(e) of the National Institute of
        Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(e)), to evaluate
        current and future cybersecurity risks that have the potential to
        affect the marine transportation system or that would cause a
        transportation security incident (as defined in section 70101 of
        title 46, United States Code) in ports; and
            (2) not less than biennially thereafter, evaluate the
        effectiveness of the cybersecurity risk assessment model
        established under paragraph (1).
        (b) Port Security; Definitions.--Section 70101 of title 46, United
    States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as paragraphs
        (3) through (7), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) The term `cybersecurity risk' has the meaning given the
        term in section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C.
        148).''.
        (c) National Maritime Security Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Functions.--Section 70112(a)(1)(A) of title 46, United
        States Code, is amended by inserting before the semicolon the
        following: ``, including on enhancing the sharing of information
        related to cybersecurity risks that may cause a transportation
        security incident, between relevant Federal agencies and--
                    ``(i) State, local, and tribal governments;
                    ``(ii) relevant public safety and emergency response
                agencies;
                    ``(iii) relevant law enforcement and security
                organizations;
                    ``(iv) maritime industry;
                    ``(v) port owners and operators; and
                    ``(vi) terminal owners and operators;''.
            (2) Information sharing.--The Commandant of the Coast Guard and
        the Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical
        infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, and other related
        programs of the Department of Homeland Security shall--
                (A) ensure there is a process for each Area Maritime
            Security Advisory Committee established under section 70112 of
            title 46, United States Code--
                    (i) to facilitate the sharing of information related to
                cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security
                incidents;
                    (ii) to timely report transportation security incidents
                to the national level; and
                    (iii) to disseminate such reports across the entire
                maritime transportation system via the National
                Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center; and
                (B) issue voluntary guidance for the management of such
            cybersecurity risks in each Area Maritime Transportation
            Security Plan and facility security plan required under section
            70103 of title 46, United States Code, approved after the date
            that the cybersecurity risk assessment model is developed under
            subsection (a) of this section.
        (d) Vulnerability Assessments and Security Plans.--
            (1) Facility and vessel assessments.--Section 70102(b)(1) of
        title 46, United States Code, is amended--
                (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
            ``and by not later than December 31, 2004''; and
                (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``security against
            cybersecurity risks,'' after ``physical security,''.
            (2) Maritime transportation security plans.--Section 70103 of
        title 46, United States Code, is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later than
            April 1, 2005, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                (B) in subsection (a)(2), by adding at the end the
            following:
                ``(K) A plan to detect, respond to, and recover from
            cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security
            incidents.'';
                (C) in subsection (b)(2)--
                    (i) in subparagraph (G)(ii), by striking ``; and'' and
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as subparagraph
                (I); and
                    (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the
                following:
                ``(H) include a plan for detecting, responding to, and
            recovering from cybersecurity risks that may cause
            transportation security incidents; and''; and
                (D) in subsection (c)(3)(C)--
                    (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``; and'' and inserting
                a semicolon;
                    (ii) by redesignating clause (v) as clause (vi); and
                    (iii) by inserting after clause (iv) the following:
                    ``(v) detecting, responding to, and recovering from
                cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security
                incidents; and''.
            (3) Applicability.--The amendments made by this subsection
        shall apply to assessments or security plans, or updates to such
        assessments or plans, submitted after the date that the
        cybersecurity risk assessment model is developed under subsection
        (a).
        (e) Brief to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the Under
    Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure
    protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department
    of Homeland Security shall provide to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a briefing on how the Coast Guard will assist in security and
    response in the port environment when a cyber-caused transportation
    security incident occurs, to include the use of cyber protection teams.
    SEC. 1806. FACILITY INSPECTION INTERVALS.
        Section 70103(c)(4)(D) of title 46, United States Code, is amended
    to read as follows:
                ``(D) subject to the availability of appropriations,
            periodically, but not less than one time per year, conduct a
            risk-based, no notice facility inspection to verify the
            effectiveness of each such facility security plan.''.
    SEC. 1807. UPDATES OF MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN.
        (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security
    Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``SEC. 435. MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN.
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and
    biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) update the Maritime Operations Coordination Plan,
        published by the Department on July 7, 2011, to strengthen
        coordination, planning, information sharing, and intelligence
        integration for maritime operations of components and offices of
        the Department with responsibility for maritime security missions;
        and
            ``(2) submit each update to the Committee on Commerce, Science,
        and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and
        Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on
        Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland
        Security of the House of Representatives.
        ``(b) Contents.--Each update shall address the following:
            ``(1) Coordinating the planning, integration of maritime
        operations, and development of joint maritime domain awareness
        efforts of any component or office of the Department with
        responsibility for maritime security missions.
            ``(2) Maintaining effective information sharing and, as
        appropriate, intelligence integration, with Federal, State, and
        local officials and the private sector, regarding threats to
        maritime security.
            ``(3) Cooperating and coordinating with Federal departments and
        agencies, and State and local agencies, in the maritime
        environment, in support of maritime security missions.
            ``(4) Highlighting the work completed within the context of
        other national and Department maritime security strategic guidance
        and how that work fits with the Maritime Operations Coordination
        Plan.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of
    the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136)
    is amended by adding after the item relating to section 434 the
    following:

    ``435. Maritime operations coordination plan.''.
    SEC. 1808. EVALUATION OF COAST GUARD DEPLOYABLE SPECIALIZED FORCES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit
    to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the
    Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate
    and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the
    Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report
    on the state of the Coast Guard's Deployable Specialized Forces
    (referred to in this section as DSF).
        (b) Contents.--The report shall include, at a minimum, the
    following:
            (1) For each of the past 3 fiscal years, and for each type of
        DSF, the following:
                (A) A cost analysis, including training, operating, and
            travel costs.
                (B) The number of personnel assigned.
                (C) The total number of units.
                (D) The total number of operations conducted.
                (E) The number of operations requested by each of the
            following:
                    (i) Coast Guard.
                    (ii) Other components or offices of the Department of
                Homeland Security.
                    (iii) Other Federal departments or agencies.
                    (iv) State agencies.
                    (v) Local agencies.
                (F) The number of operations fulfilled in support of each
            entity described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph
            (E).
            (2) An examination of alternative distributions of deployable
        specialized forces, including the feasibility, cost (including cost
        savings), and impact on mission capability of such distributions,
        including at a minimum the following:
                (A) Combining deployable specialized forces, primarily
            focused on counterdrug operations, under one centralized
            command.
                (B) Distributing counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism
            capabilities to deployable specialized forces in each major
            United States port.
        (c) Definition of Deployable Specialized Forces or DSF.--In this
    section, the term ``deployable specialized forces'' or ``DSF'' means
    the deployable specialized forces established under section 70106 of
    title 46, United States Code.
    SEC. 1809. REPEAL OF INTERAGENCY OPERATIONAL CENTERS FOR PORT SECURITY
    AND SECURE SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORTATION.
        (a) Interagency Operational Centers for Port Security.--
            (1) Repeal.--Section 70107A of title 46, United States Code, is
        repealed.
            (2) Savings clause.--A repeal made by this subsection shall not
        affect an interagency operational center established before the
        date of enactment of this Act.
            (3) Notice to congress.--The Secretary of Homeland Security
        shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
        of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security and the
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
        Representatives at least 1 year before ceasing operations of any
        interagency operational center established before the date of
        enactment of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of
        2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1884).
        (b) Secure Systems of Transportation.--Section 70116 of title 46,
    United States Code, is repealed.
        (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 701
        of title 46, United States Code, is amended by striking the items
        relating to sections 70107A and 70116.
            (2) Report requirement.--Section 108 of the Security and
        Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120
        Stat. 1893) is amended by striking subsection (b) (46 U.S.C. 70107A
        note) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) [Reserved].''.
    SEC. 1810. DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN.
        (a) GAO Analysis.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall--
            (1) conduct an analysis of all operations in the applicable
        location of--
                (A) the Air and Marine Operations of the U.S. Customs and
            Border Protection; and
                (B) any other agency of the Department of Homeland Security
            that operates air and marine assets;
            (2) in conducting the analysis under paragraph (1)--
                (A) examine the extent to which the Air and Marine
            Operations is synchronizing and deconflicting any duplicative
            flight hours or patrols with the agencies described in
            paragraph (1)(B); and
                (B) include a sector-by-sector analysis of any potential
            costs savings or other benefits that would be derived through
            greater coordination of flight hours and patrols; and
            (3) submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the analysis,
        including any recommendations.
        (b) DHS Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the report
    is submitted under subsection (a)(3), the Secretary of Homeland
    Security shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report on what actions the Secretary plans to take in response to the
    findings of the analysis and recommendations of the Comptroller
    General.
        (c) Definition of Applicable Location.--In this section, the term
    ``applicable location'' means any location in which the Air and Marine
    Operations of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection is based within 45
    miles of a location in which any other agency of the Department of
    Homeland Security also operates air and marine assets.
    SEC. 1811. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.
        (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security
    Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.), as amended by section 1807 of this
    Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``SEC. 436. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.
        ``Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the
    Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and annually thereafter, the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
    Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of
    Representatives, an assessment of the number and type of maritime
    assets and the number of personnel required to increase the
    Department's maritime response rate pursuant to section 1092 of the
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C.
    223).''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of
    the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136),
    as amended by section 1807 of this Act, is further amended by adding
    after the item relating to section 435 the following:

    ``436. Maritime security capabilities assessments.''.
    SEC. 1812. CONTAINER SECURITY INITIATIVE.
        Section 205(l) of the Security and Accountability for Every Port
    Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 945) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (2); and
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                (A) by striking ``(1) In general.--Not later than September
            30, 2007,'' and inserting ``Not later than 270 days after the
            date of enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of
            2018,''; and
                (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) as
            paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively.
    SEC. 1813. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY REVIEW.
        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Maritime border.--The term ``maritime border'' means--
                (A) the transit zone; and
                (B) the borders and territorial waters of Puerto Rico and
            the United States Virgin Islands.
            (2) Transit zone.--The term ``transit zone'' has the meaning
        given the term in section 1092(a) of the National Defense
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 223(a)).
        (b) Maritime Border Threat Analysis.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a maritime border
        threat analysis that includes an identification and description of
        the following:
                (A) Current and potential threats posed by the individuals
            and groups seeking to--
                    (i) enter the United States through the maritime
                border; or
                    (ii) exploit border vulnerabilities on the maritime
                border.
                (B) Improvements needed at United States sea ports--
                    (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror
                from entering the United States; and
                    (ii) to reduce criminal activity, as measured by the
                total flow of illegal goods and illicit drugs, related to
                the maritime border.
                (C) Improvements needed with respect to the maritime
            border--
                    (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror
                from entering the United States; and
                    (ii) reduce criminal activity related to the maritime
                border.
                (D) Vulnerabilities in law, policy, cooperation between
            State, territorial, and local law enforcement, or international
            agreements that hinder effective and efficient border security,
            counterterrorism, anti-human trafficking efforts, and the flow
            of legitimate trade with respect to the maritime border.
                (E) Metrics and performance parameters used by the
            Department of Homeland Security to evaluate maritime security
            effectiveness, as appropriate.
            (2) Analysis requirements.--In preparing the threat analysis
        under subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
        consider the following:
                (A) Technology needs and challenges.
                (B) Personnel needs and challenges.
                (C) The role of State, territorial, and local law
            enforcement in maritime border security activities.
                (D) The need for cooperation among Federal, State,
            territorial, local, and appropriate international law
            enforcement entities relating to maritime border security.
                (E) The geographic challenges of the maritime border.
                (F) The impact of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Nate
            on general border security activities with respect to the
            maritime border.
            (3) Classified threat analysis.--
                (A) In general.--To the extent possible, the Secretary of
            Homeland Security shall submit the threat analysis under
            subsection (a) in unclassified form.
                (B) Classified.--The Secretary may submit a portion of the
            threat analysis in classified form if the Secretary determines
            that such form is appropriate for such portion.
    SEC. 1814. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY COOPERATION.
        The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is
    operating shall, in accordance with law--
            (1) partner with other Federal, State, and local government
        agencies to leverage existing technology, including existing sensor
        and camera systems and other sensors, in place along the maritime
        border to facilitate monitoring of high-risk maritime borders, as
        determined by the Secretary; and
            (2) subject to the availability of appropriations, enter into
        such agreements as the Secretary considers necessary to ensure the
        monitoring described in paragraph (1).
    SEC. 1815. TRANSPORTATION WORKER IDENTIFICATION CREDENTIAL APPEALS
    PROCESS.
        Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary of Homeland Security shall transmit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the following:
            (1) The average completion time of an appeal under the appeals
        process established under section 70105(c)(4) of title 46, United
        States Code.
            (2) The most common reasons for any delays at each step in such
        process.
            (3) Recommendations on how to resolve any such delays as
        expeditiously as possible.
    SEC. 1816. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
        (a) Study to Identify Redundant Background Records Checks.--Section
    105 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006
    (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1891) and the item relating to that
    section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.
        (b) Domestic Radiation Detection and Imaging.--Section 121 of the
    Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 921)
    is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (c), (d), and (e);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as
        subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f), respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (e)(1)(B), as redesignated, by striking
        ``(and updating, if any, of that strategy under subsection (c))''.
        (c) Inspection of Car Ferries Entering From Abroad.--Section 122 of
    the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C.
    922) and the item relating to that section in the table of contents for
    that Act are repealed.
        (d) Report on Arrival and Departure Manifest for Certain Commercial
    Vessels in the United States Virgin Islands.--Section 127 of the
    Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (120 Stat. 1900)
    and the item relating to that section in the table of contents for that
    Act are repealed.
        (e) International Cooperation and Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--Section 233 of the Security and Accountability
        for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 983) is amended to read as
        follows:
        ``SEC. 233. INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING.
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the
    Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, and appropriate
    representatives of other Federal agencies, may provide technical
    assistance, equipment, and training to facilitate the implementation of
    supply chain security measures at ports designated under the Container
    Security Initiative.
        ``(b) Acquisition and Training.--Unless otherwise prohibited by
    law, the Secretary may--
            ``(1) lease, loan, provide, or otherwise assist in the
        deployment of nonintrusive inspection and radiation detection
        equipment at foreign land and sea ports under such terms and
        conditions as the Secretary prescribes, including nonreimbursable
        loans or the transfer of ownership of equipment; and
            ``(2) provide training and technical assistance for domestic or
        foreign personnel responsible for operating or maintaining such
        equipment.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b)
        of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006
        (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1884) is amended by amending the
        item relating to section 233 to read as follows:

    ``Sec. 233. Inspection technology and training.''.

        (f) Pilot Program to Improve the Security of Empty Containers.--
    Section 235 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of
    2006 (6 U.S.C. 984) and the item relating to that section in the table
    of contents for that Act are repealed.
        (g) Security Plan for Essential Air Service and Small Community
    Airports.--Section 701 of the Security and Accountability for Every
    Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1943) and the item
    relating to that section in the table of contents for that Act are
    repealed.
        (h) Aircraft Charter Customer and Lessee Prescreening Program.--
    Section 708 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of
    2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1947) and the item relating to that
    section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.

                      DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY
                        TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

    SEC. 1901. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES.
        (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``TSA
    Modernization Act''.
        (b) References to Title 49, United States Code.--Except as
    otherwise expressly provided, wherever in this title an amendment or
    repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a
    section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be
    made to a section or other provision of title 49, United States Code.
    SEC. 1902. DEFINITIONS.
        In this title:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
        Administrator of the TSA.
            (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate
        committees of Congress'' means--
                (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            of the Senate;
                (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
            Affairs of the Senate; and
                (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of
            Representatives.
            (3) ASAC.--The term ``ASAC'' means the Aviation Security
        Advisory Committee established under section 44946 of title 49,
        United States Code.
            (4) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department
        of Homeland Security.
            (5) Explosive detection canine team.--The term ``explosives
        detection canine team'' means a canine and a canine handler that
        are trained to detect explosives and other threats as defined by
        the Secretary.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of
        Homeland Security.
            (7) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation Security
        Administration.

                  Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

    SEC. 1903. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
        Section 114(w) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(w) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to the Transportation Security Administration for
    salaries, operations, and maintenance of the Administration--
            ``(1) $7,849,247,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(2) $7,888,494,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
            ``(3) $7,917,936,000 for fiscal year 2021.''.
    SEC. 1904. ADMINISTRATOR OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION;
    5-YEAR TERM.
        (a) In General.--Section 114, as amended by section 1903 of this
    Act, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Department of
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland Security'';
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
        ``(b) Leadership.--
            ``(1) Head of transportation security administration.--
                ``(A) Appointment.--The head of the Administration shall be
            the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration
            (referred to in this section as the `Administrator'). The
            Administrator shall be appointed by the President, by and with
            the advice and consent of the Senate.
                ``(B) Qualifications.--The Administrator must--
                    ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
                    ``(ii) have experience in a field directly related to
                transportation or security.
                ``(C) Term.--Effective with respect to any individual
            appointment by the President, by and with the advice and
            consent of the Senate, after the date of enactment of the TSA
            Modernization Act, the term of office of an individual
            appointed as the Administrator shall be 5 years. The term of
            office of an individual serving as the Administrator on the
            date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act shall be 5 years
            beginning on the date that the Administrator began serving.
            ``(2) Deputy administrator.--
                ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the
            Transportation Security Administration a Deputy Administrator,
            who shall assist the Administrator in the management of the
            Transportation Security Administration. The Deputy
            Administrator shall be appointed by the President.
                ``(B) Vacancy.--The Deputy Administrator shall be Acting
            Administrator during the absence or incapacity of the
            Administrator or during a vacancy in the office of
            Administrator.
                ``(C) Qualifications.--The Deputy Administrator must--
                    ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
                    ``(ii) have experience in a field directly related to
                transportation or security.
            ``(3) Chief counsel.--
                ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the
            Transportation Security Administration a Chief Counsel, who
            shall advise the Administrator and other senior officials on
            all legal matters relating to the responsibilities, functions,
            and management of the Transportation Security Administration.
                ``(B) Qualifications.--The Chief Counsel must be a citizen
            of the United States.''; and
            (3) in subsections (c) through (n), (p), (q), and (r), by
        striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting
        ``Administrator''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) In general.--Section 114, as amended by subsection (a) of
        this section, is further amended--
                (A) in subsection (g)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Subject to the direction and control of the
                    Secretary'' and inserting ``Subject to the direction
                    and control of the Secretary of Homeland Security'';
                    and
                        (II) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of
                    Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``of Homeland
                Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                (B) in subsection (j)(1)(D), by inserting ``of Homeland
            Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                (C) in subsection (k), by striking ``functions transferred,
            on or after the date of enactment of the Aviation and
            Transportation Security Act,'' and inserting ``functions
            assigned'';
                (D) in subsection (l)(4)(B), by striking ``Administrator
            under subparagraph (A)'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration under subparagraph (A)'';
                (E) in subsection (n), by striking ``Department of
            Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland
            Security'';
                (F) in subsection (o), by striking ``Department of
            Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland
            Security'';
                (G) in subsection (p)(4), by striking ``Secretary of
            Transportation'' and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland
            Security'';
                (H) in subsection (s)--
                    (i) in paragraph (3)(B), by inserting ``)'' after ``Act
                of 2007''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (4)--

                        (I) in the heading, by striking ``Submissions of
                    plans to congress'' and inserting ``Submission of
                    plans'';
                        (II) by striking subparagraph (A);
                        (III) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through
                    (E) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), respectively;
                        (IV) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated--

                            (aa) in the heading, by striking ``Subsequent
                        versions'' and inserting ``In general''; and
                            (bb) by striking ``After December 31, 2015,
                        the'' and inserting ``The''; and

                        (V) in subparagraph (B)(ii)(III)(cc), as
                    redesignated, by striking ``for the Department'' and
                    inserting ``for the Department of Homeland Security'';

                (I) by redesignating subsections (u), (v), and (w) as
            subsections (t), (u), and (v), respectively;
                (J) in subsection (t), as redesignated--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking subparagraph (D); and
                        (II) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                    subparagraph (D);

                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``of Homeland
                Security'' after ``Plan, the Secretary'';
                    (iii) in paragraph (4)(B)--

                        (I) by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' after
                    ``agency within the Department''; and
                        (II) by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' after
                    ``Secretary'';

                    (iv) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
            ``(6) Annual report on plan.--The Secretary of Homeland
        Security shall annually submit to the appropriate congressional
        committees a report containing the Plan.''; and
                    (v) in paragraphs (7) and (8), by inserting ``of
                Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                (K) in subsection (u), as redesignated--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or the
                    Administrator'' after ``Secretary of Homeland
                    Security''; and
                        (II) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking
                    ``Secretary's designee'' and inserting ``Secretary of
                    Defense's designee'';
                        (III) in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of
                    paragraph (3), by inserting ``of Homeland Security''
                    after ``Secretary'' each place it appears;

                    (ii) in paragraph (4)(A), by inserting ``of Homeland
                Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (iii) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``of Homeland
                Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                    (iv) in paragraph (7)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not later
                    than December 31, 2008, and annually thereafter, the
                    Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary of Homeland
                    Security''; and
                        (II) by striking subparagraph (D).

            (2) Congressional oversight of security assurance for public
        and private stakeholders.--Section 1203(b)(1)(B) of the
        Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (49
        U.S.C. 114 note) is amended by striking ``, under section 114(u)(7)
        of title 49, United States Code, as added by this section, or
        otherwise,''.
        (c) Executive Schedule.--
            (1) Administrator of the tsa.--
                (A) Positions at level ii.--Section 5313 of title 5, United
            States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
            the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management the
            following:
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.''.
                (B) Bonus eligibility.--Section 101(c)(2) of the Aviation
            and Transportation Security Act (5 U.S.C. 5313 note) is
            amended--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration'';
                    (ii) by striking ``on the Secretary's'' and inserting
                ``on the Secretary of Homeland Security's''; and
                    (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and inserting
                ``Administrator's''.
            (2) Deputy administrator of the tsa.--Section 5314 of title 5,
        United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating
        to Deputy Administrators, Federal Emergency Management Agency the
        following:
        ``Deputy Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.''.
            (3) Nonapplicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (2) of
        this subsection shall not affect the salary of an individual who is
        performing the duties of the Deputy Administrator on the date of
        enactment of this Act, even if that individual is subsequently
        appointed as Deputy Administrator.
    SEC. 1905. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION.
        Section 114, as amended by sections 1903 and 1904 of this Act, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(w) Leadership and Organization.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each of the areas described in paragraph
        (2), the Administrator of the Transportation Security
        Administration shall appoint at least 1 individual who shall--
                ``(A) report directly to the Administrator or the
            Administrator's designated direct report; and
                ``(B) be responsible and accountable for that area.
            ``(2) Areas described.--The areas described in this paragraph
        are as follows:
                ``(A) Aviation security operations and training, including
            risk-based, adaptive security--
                    ``(i) focused on airport checkpoint and baggage
                screening operations;
                    ``(ii) workforce training and development programs; and
                    ``(iii) ensuring compliance with aviation security law,
                including regulations, and other specialized programs
                designed to secure air transportation.
                ``(B) Surface transportation security operations and
            training, including risk-based, adaptive security--
                    ``(i) focused on accomplishing security systems
                assessments;
                    ``(ii) reviewing and prioritizing projects for
                appropriated surface transportation security grants;
                    ``(iii) operator compliance with surface transportation
                security law, including regulations, and voluntary industry
                standards; and
                    ``(iv) workforce training and development programs, and
                other specialized programs designed to secure surface
                transportation.
                ``(C) Transportation industry engagement and planning,
            including the development, interpretation, promotion, and
            oversight of a unified effort regarding risk-based, risk-
            reducing security policies and plans (including strategic
            planning for future contingencies and security challenges)
            between government and transportation stakeholders, including
            airports, domestic and international airlines, general
            aviation, air cargo, mass transit and passenger rail, freight
            rail, pipeline, highway and motor carriers, and maritime.
                ``(D) International strategy and operations, including
            agency efforts to work with international partners to secure
            the global transportation network.
                ``(E) Trusted and registered traveler programs, including
            the management and marketing of the agency's trusted traveler
            initiatives, including the PreCheck Program, and coordination
            with trusted traveler programs of other Department of Homeland
            Security agencies and the private sector.
                ``(F) Technology acquisition and deployment, including the
            oversight, development, testing, evaluation, acquisition,
            deployment, and maintenance of security technology and other
            acquisition programs.
                ``(G) Inspection and compliance, including the integrity,
            efficiency and effectiveness of the agency's workforce,
            operations, and programs through objective audits, covert
            testing, inspections, criminal investigations, and regulatory
            compliance.
                ``(H) Civil rights, liberties, and traveler engagement,
            including ensuring that agency employees and the traveling
            public are treated in a fair and lawful manner consistent with
            Federal laws and regulations protecting privacy and prohibiting
            discrimination and reprisal.
                ``(I) Legislative and public affairs, including
            communication and engagement with internal and external
            audiences in a timely, accurate, and transparent manner, and
            development and implementation of strategies within the agency
            to achieve congressional approval or authorization of agency
            programs and policies.
            ``(3) Notification.--The Administrator shall submit to the
        appropriate committees of Congress--
                ``(A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
            of the TSA Modernization Act, a list of the names of the
            individuals appointed under paragraph (1); and
                ``(B) an update of the list not later than 5 days after any
            new individual is appointed under paragraph (1).''.
    SEC. 1906. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION EFFICIENCY.
        (a) Efficiency Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete a
        comprehensive, agency-wide efficiency review of the TSA to identify
        and effectuate spending reductions and administrative savings that
        can be achieved by the streamlining or restructuring of TSA
        divisions.
            (2) Requirements.--In carrying out the review under paragraph
        (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                (A) Eliminating unnecessarily duplicative or overlapping
            programs and initiatives.
                (B) Eliminating unnecessary or obsolete rules, regulations,
            directives, or procedures.
                (C) Reducing overall operating expenses of the TSA,
            including costs associated with the number of personnel, as a
            direct result of efficiencies gained through the implementation
            of risk-based screening or through any other means as
            determined appropriate by the Administrator in accordance with
            this section.
                (D) Reducing, by 20 percent, the number of positions at the
            Senior Executive Service level at the TSA as calculated on the
            date of enactment of this Act.
                (E) Such other matters the Administrator considers
            appropriate.
        (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 30 days after the date the
    efficiency review under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the
    findings, including a description of any cost savings expected to be
    achieved by the streamlining or restructuring of TSA divisions.
    SEC. 1907. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REVIEW.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a working group consisting
    of representatives of the TSA and representatives of the labor
    organization representing security screening personnel to recommend
    reforms to the TSA's personnel management system, including appeals to
    the Merit Systems Protection Board and grievance procedures.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the working group convened under subsection (a) shall submit
    to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report containing proposed, mutually agreed-upon recommendations to
    reform the TSA's personnel management system.
        (c) Implementation.--To the extent authorized under law, the
    Administrator may implement 1 or more of the recommendations submitted
    under subsection (b).
        (d) Termination.--The working group shall terminate on the date
    that the report is submitted under subsection (b).
    SEC. 1908. TSA LEAP PAY REFORM.
        (a) Definition of Basic Pay.--Clause (ii) of section 8331(3)(E) of
    title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal
                air marshal or criminal investigator (as defined in section
                5545a(a)(2)) of the Transportation Security Administration,
                subject to all restrictions and earning limitations imposed
                on criminal investigators receiving such pay under section
                5545a, including the premium pay limitations under section
                5547;''.
        (b) Effective Date; Applicability.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), this section, and
        the amendments made by this section, shall take effect on the first
        day of the first pay period commencing on or after the date of
        enactment of this section.
            (2) Retroactive application.--
                (A) In general.--Any availability pay received for any pay
            period commencing before the date of enactment of this Act by a
            Federal air marshal or criminal investigator employed by the
            Transportation Security Administration shall be deemed basic
            pay under section 8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, if
            the Transportation Security Administration treated such pay as
            retirement-creditable basic pay, but the Office of Personnel
            Management, based on an interpretation of section 8331(3) of
            title 5, United States Code, did not accept such pay as
            retirement-creditable basic pay.
                (B) Implementation.--Not later than 3 months after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
            Personnel Management shall commence taking such actions as are
            necessary to implement the amendments made by this section with
            respect to availability pay deemed to be basic pay under
            subparagraph (A).
    SEC. 1909. RANK AWARDS PROGRAM FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY
    ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVES AND SENIOR PROFESSIONALS.
        Section 114(n), as amended by section 1904 of this Act, is further
    amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The personnel
        management system'' and indenting appropriately; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Meritorious executive or distinguished executive rank
        awards.--Notwithstanding section 40122(g)(2) of this title, the
        applicable sections of title 5 shall apply to the Transportation
        Security Administration personnel management system, except that--
                ``(A) for purposes of applying such provisions to the
            personnel management system--
                    ``(i) the term `agency' means the Department of
                Homeland Security;
                    ``(ii) the term `senior executive' means a
                Transportation Security Administration executive serving on
                a Transportation Security Executive Service appointment;
                    ``(iii) the term `career appointee' means a
                Transportation Security Administration executive serving on
                a career Transportation Security Executive Service
                appointment; and
                    ``(iv) The term `senior career employee' means a
                Transportation Security Administration employee covered by
                the Transportation Security Administration Core
                Compensation System at the L or M pay band;
                ``(B) receipt by a career appointee or a senior career
            employee of the rank of Meritorious Executive or Meritorious
            Senior Professional entitles the individual to a lump-sum
            payment of an amount equal to 20 percent of annual basic pay,
            which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under the
            applicable Transportation Security Administration pay system;
            and
                ``(C) receipt by a career appointee or a senior career
            employee of the rank of Distinguished Executive or
            Distinguished Senior Professional entitles the individual to a
            lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 35 percent of annual
            basic pay, which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid
            under the applicable Transportation Security Administration pay
            system.
            ``(3) Definition of applicable sections of title 5.--In this
        subsection, the term `applicable sections of title 5' means--
                ``(A) subsections (b), (c) and (d) of section 4507 of title
            5; and
                ``(B) subsections (b) and (c) of section 4507a of title
            5.''.
    SEC. 1910. TRANSMITTALS TO CONGRESS.
        With regard to each report, legislative proposal, or other
    communication of the Executive Branch related to the TSA and required
    to be submitted to Congress or the appropriate committees of Congress,
    the Administrator shall transmit such communication directly to the
    appropriate committees of Congress.

                        Subtitle B--Security Technology

    SEC. 1911. THIRD PARTY TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF SCREENING
    TECHNOLOGY.
        (a) In General.--In carrying out the responsibilities under section
    114(f)(9), the Administrator shall develop and implement, not later
    than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a program to
    enable a vendor of related security screening technology to obtain
    testing and verification, including as an alternative to the TSA's test
    and evaluation process, by an appropriate third party, of such
    technology before procurement or deployment.
        (b) Detection Testing.--
            (1) In general.--The third party testing and verification
        program authorized under subsection (a) shall include detection
        testing to evaluate the performance of the security screening
        technology system regarding the probability of detection, the
        probability of false alarm, and such other indicators that the
        system is able to meet the TSA's mission needs.
            (2) Results.--The results of the third party detection testing
        under paragraph (1) shall be considered final if the results are
        approved by the Administration in accordance with approval
        standards developed by the Administrator.
            (3) Coordination with final testing.--To the extent
        practicable, but without compromising the integrity of the TSA test
        and evaluation process, the Administrator shall coordinate the
        third party detection testing under paragraph (1) with any
        subsequent, final Federal Government testing.
            (4) International standards.--To the extent practicable and
        permissible under law and considering the national security
        interests of the United States, the Administrator shall--
                (A) share detection testing information and standards with
            appropriate international partners; and
                (B) coordinate with the appropriate international partners
            to align TSA testing and evaluation with relevant international
            standards to maximize the capability to detect explosives and
            other threats.
        (c) Operational Testing.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the third party
        testing and verification program authorized under subsection (a)
        shall include operational testing.
            (2) Limitation.--Third party operational testing under
        paragraph (1) may not exceed 1 year.
        (d) Alternative.--Third party testing under subsection (a) shall
    replace as an alternative, at the discretion of the Administrator, the
    testing at the TSA Systems Integration Facility, including testing
    for--
            (1) health and safety factors;
            (2) operator interface;
            (3) human factors;
            (4) environmental factors;
            (5) throughput;
            (6) reliability, maintainability, and availability factors; and
            (7) interoperability.
        (e) Testing and Verification Framework.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                (A) establish a framework for the third party testing and
            for verifying a security technology is operationally effective
            and able to meet the TSA's mission needs before it may enter or
            re-enter, as applicable, the operational context at an airport
            or other transportation facility;
                (B) use phased implementation to allow the TSA and the
            third party to establish best practices; and
                (C) oversee the third party testing and evaluation
            framework.
            (2) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall request ASAC's
        Security Technology Subcommittee, in consultation with
        representatives of the security manufacturers industry, to develop
        and submit to the Administrator recommendations for the third party
        testing and verification framework.
        (f) Field Testing.--The Administrator shall prioritize the field
    testing and evaluation, including by third parties, of security
    technology and equipment at airports and on site at security technology
    manufacturers whenever possible as an alternative to the TSA Systems
    Integration Facility.
        (g) Appropriate Third Parties.--
            (1) Citizenship requirement.--An appropriate third party under
        subsection (a) shall be--
                (A) if an individual, a citizen of the United States; or
                (B) if an entity, owned and controlled by a citizen of the
            United States.
            (2) Waiver.--The Administrator may waive the requirement under
        paragraph (1)(B) if the entity is a United States subsidiary of a
        parent company that has implemented a foreign ownership, control,
        or influence mitigation plan that has been approved by the Defense
        Security Service of the Department of Defense before applying to
        provide third party testing. The Administrator may reject any
        application to provide third party testing under subsection (a)
        submitted by an entity that requires a waiver under this paragraph.
            (3) Conflicts of interest.--The Administrator shall ensure, to
        the extent possible, that an entity providing third party testing
        under this section does not have a contractual, business, or other
        pecuniary interest (exclusive of any such testing) in--
                (A) the security screening technology subject to such
            testing; or
                (B) the vendor of such technology.
        (h) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
        shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a study on
        the third party testing program developed under this section
            (2) Review.--The study under paragraph (1) shall include a
        review of the following:
                (A) Any efficiencies or gains in effectiveness achieved in
            TSA operations, including technology acquisition or screening
            operations, as a result of such program.
                (B) The degree to which the TSA conducts timely and regular
            oversight of the appropriate third parties engaged in such
            testing.
                (C) The effect of such program on the following:
                    (i) The introduction of innovative detection
                technologies into security screening operations.
                    (ii) The availability of testing for technologies
                developed by small to medium sized businesses.
                (D) Any vulnerabilities associated with such program,
            including with respect to the following:
                    (i) National security.
                    (ii) Any conflicts of interest between the appropriate
                third parties engaged in such testing and the entities
                providing such technologies to be tested.
                    (iii) Waste, fraud, and abuse.
    SEC. 1912. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
    FACILITY.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to operate the
    Transportation Security Administration Systems Integration Facility
    (referred to in this section as the ``TSIF'') for the purposes of
    testing and evaluating advanced transportation security screening
    technologies related to the mission of the TSA.
        (b) Requirements.--The TSIF shall--
            (1) evaluate the technologies described in subsection (a) to
        enhance the security of transportation systems through screening
        and threat mitigation and detection;
            (2) test the technologies described in subsection (a) to
        support identified mission needs of the TSA and to meet
        requirements for acquisitions and procurement;
            (3) to the extent practicable, provide original equipment
        manufacturers with test plans to minimize requirement
        interpretation disputes and adhere to provided test plans;
            (4) collaborate with other technical laboratories and
        facilities for purposes of augmenting the capabilities of the TSIF;
            (5) deliver advanced transportation security screening
        technologies that enhance the overall security of domestic
        transportation systems; and
            (6) to the extent practicable, provide funding and promote
        efforts to enable participation by a small business concern (as the
        term is described under section 3 of the Small Business Act (15
        U.S.C. 632)) that--
                (A) has an advanced technology or capability; but
                (B) does not have adequate resources to participate in
            testing and evaluation processes.
        (c) Staffing and Resource Allocation.--The Administrator shall
    ensure adequate staffing and resource allocations for the TSIF in a
    manner that--
            (1) prevents unnecessary delays in the testing and evaluation
        of advanced transportation security screening technologies for
        acquisitions and procurement determinations;
            (2) ensures the issuance of final paperwork certification no
        later than 45 days after the date such testing and evaluation has
        concluded; and
            (3) ensures collaboration with technology stakeholders to close
        capabilities gaps in transportation security.
        (d) Deadline.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate
        committees of Congress if testing and evaluation by the TSIF of an
        advanced transportation security screening technology under this
        section exceeds 180 days from the delivery date.
            (2) Notification.--The notification under paragraph (1) shall
        include--
                (A) information relating to the delivery date;
                (B) a justification for why the testing and evaluation
            process has exceeded 180 days; and
                (C) the estimated date for completion of such testing and
            evaluation.
            (3) Definition of delivery date.--In this subsection, the term
        ``delivery date'' means the date that the owner of an advanced
        transportation security screening technology--
                (A) after installation, delivers the technology to the TSA
            for testing and evaluation; and
                (B) submits to the Administrator, in such form and manner
            as the Administrator prescribes, a signed notification of the
            delivery described in subparagraph (A).
        (e) Retesting and Evaluation.--Advanced transportation security
    screening technology that fails testing and evaluation by the TSIF may
    be retested and evaluated at the discretion of the Administrator.
        (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to affect the authority or responsibility of an officer of the
    Department, or an officer of any other Federal department or agency,
    with respect to research, development, testing, and evaluation of
    technologies, including such authorities or responsibilities of the
    Undersecretary for Science and Technology of the Department and
    Assistant Secretary of the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction
    Office of the Department.
    SEC. 1913. OPPORTUNITIES TO PURSUE EXPANDED NETWORKS FOR BUSINESS.
        (a) Strategy.--Subtitle B of title of title XVI of the Homeland
    Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563 et seq.) is amended by adding at the
    end following:
    ``SEC. 1617. DIVERSIFIED SECURITY TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY MARKETPLACE.
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop
    and submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
    the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of
    Representatives a strategy to promote a diverse security technology
    industry marketplace upon which the Administrator can rely to acquire
    advanced transportation security technologies or capabilities,
    including by increased participation of small business innovators.
        ``(b) Contents.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall
    include the following:
            ``(1) Information on how existing Administration solicitation,
        testing, evaluation, piloting, acquisition, and procurement
        processes impact the Administrator's ability to acquire from the
        security technology industry marketplace, including small business
        innovators that have not previously provided technology to the
        Administration, innovative technologies or capabilities with the
        potential to enhance transportation security.
            ``(2) Specific actions that the Administrator will take,
        including modifications to the processes described in paragraph
        (1), to foster diversification within the security technology
        industry marketplace.
            ``(3) Projected timelines for implementing the actions
        described in paragraph (2).
            ``(4) Plans for how the Administrator could, to the extent
        practicable, assist a small business innovator periodically during
        such processes, including when such an innovator lacks adequate
        resources to participate in such processes, to facilitate an
        advanced transportation security technology or capability being
        developed and acquired by the Administrator.
            ``(5) An assessment of the feasibility of partnering with an
        organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
        Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code
        to provide venture capital to businesses, particularly small
        business innovators, for commercialization of innovative
        transportation security technologies that are expected to be ready
        for commercialization in the near term and within 36 months.
        ``(c) Feasibility Assessment.--In conducting the feasibility
    assessment under subsection (b)(5), the Administrator shall consider
    the following:
            ``(1) Establishing an organization described in section
        501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax
        under section 501(a) of such Code as a venture capital partnership
        between the private sector and the intelligence community to help
        businesses, particularly small business innovators, commercialize
        innovative security-related technologies.
            ``(2) Enhanced engagement through the Science and Technology
        Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security.
        ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed as requiring changes to the Transportation Security
    Administration standards for security technology.
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Intelligence community.--The term `intelligence
        community' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the
        National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).
            ``(2) Small business concern.--The term `small business
        concern' has the meaning described under section 3 of the Small
        Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
            ``(3) Small business innovator.--The term `small business
        innovator' means a small business concern that has an advanced
        transportation security technology or capability.''.
        (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date the strategy
    is submitted under section 1617 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,
    the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the extent to which the strategy--
                (A) addresses the requirements of that section;
                (B) has resulted in increased participation of small
            business innovators in the security technology industry
            marketplace; and
                (C) has diversified the security technology industry
            marketplace; and
            (2) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security
        of the House of Representatives the findings of the review and any
        recommendations.
        (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of
    the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the
    item relating to section 1616 the following:

    ``1617. Diversified security technology industry marketplace.''.
    SEC. 1914. RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF SECURITY STANDARDS.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator, in coordination with
    appropriate international aviation security authorities, shall develop
    a validation process for the reciprocal recognition of security
    equipment technology approvals among international security partners or
    recognized certification authorities for deployment.
        (b) Requirement.--The validation process shall ensure that the
    certification by each participating international security partner or
    recognized certification authority complies with detection,
    qualification, and information security, including cybersecurity,
    standards of the TSA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the
    National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    SEC. 1915. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY LABORATORY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator and
    the Undersecretary for Science and Technology--
            (1) shall conduct a review to determine whether the TSA is the
        most appropriate component within the Department to administer the
        Transportation Security Laboratory; and
            (2) may direct the TSA to administer the Transportation
        Security Laboratory if the review under paragraph (1) identifies
        the TSA as the most appropriate component.
        (b) Periodic Reviews.--The Secretary shall periodically review the
    screening technology test and evaluation process conducted at the
    Transportation Security Laboratory to improve the coordination,
    collaboration, and communication between the Transportation Security
    Laboratory and the TSA to identify factors contributing to acquisition
    inefficiencies, develop strategies to reduce acquisition
    inefficiencies, facilitate more expeditious initiation and completion
    of testing, and identify how laboratory practices can better support
    acquisition decisions.
        (c) Reports.--The Secretary shall report the findings of each
    review under this section to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    SEC. 1916. INNOVATION TASK FORCE.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall establish an innovation
    task force--
            (1) to cultivate innovations in transportation security;
            (2) to develop and recommend how to prioritize and streamline
        requirements for new approaches to transportation security;
            (3) to accelerate the development and introduction of new
        innovative transportation security technologies and improvements to
        transportation security operations; and
            (4) to provide industry with access to the airport environment
        during the technology development and assessment process to
        demonstrate the technology and to collect data to understand and
        refine technical operations and human factor issues.
        (b) Activities.--The task force shall--
            (1) conduct activities to identify and develop an innovative
        technology, emerging security capability, or process designed to
        enhance transportation security, including--
                (A) by conducting a field demonstration of such a
            technology, capability, or process in the airport environment;
                (B) by gathering performance data from such a demonstration
            to inform the acquisition process; and
                (C) by enabling a small business with an innovative
            technology or emerging security capability, but less than
            adequate resources, to participate in such a demonstration;
            (2) conduct at least quarterly collaboration meetings with
        industry, including air carriers, airport operators, and other
        transportation security stakeholders to highlight and discuss best
        practices on innovative security operations and technology
        evaluation and deployment; and
            (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an annual
        report on the effectiveness of key performance data from task
        force-sponsored projects and checkpoint enhancements.
        (c) Composition.--
            (1) Appointment.--The Administrator, in consultation with the
        Chairperson of ASAC shall appoint the members of the task force.
            (2) Chairperson.--The task force shall be chaired by the
        Administrator's designee.
            (3) Representation.--The task force shall be comprised of
        representatives of--
                (A) the relevant offices of the TSA;
                (B) if considered appropriate by the Administrator, the
            Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of
            Homeland Security;
                (C) any other component of the Department of Homeland
            Security that the Administrator considers appropriate; and
                (D) such industry representatives as the Administrator
            considers appropriate.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require the acquisition or deployment of an innovative
    technology, emerging security capability, or process identified,
    developed, or recommended under this section.
        (e) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act
    (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the task force established under
    this section.
    SEC. 1917. 5-YEAR TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PLAN UPDATE.
        Section 1611 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563) is
    amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)--
                (A) by striking the matter preceding paragraph (1) and
            inserting ``The Administrator shall, in collaboration with
            relevant industry and government stakeholders, annually submit
            to Congress in an appendix to the budget request and publish in
            an unclassified format in the public domain--'';
                (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
            semicolon;
                (C) in paragraph (2), by striking the period and inserting
            ``; and''; and
                (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) information about acquisitions completed during the
        fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report is
        submitted.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Additional Update Requirements.--Updates and reports under
    subsection (g) shall--
            ``(1) be prepared in consultation with--
                ``(A) the persons described in subsection (b); and
                ``(B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory
            Committee established under section 404; and
            ``(2) include--
                ``(A) information relating to technology investments by the
            Transportation Security Administration and the private sector
            that the Department supports with research, development,
            testing, and evaluation for aviation, including air cargo, and
            surface transportation security;
                ``(B) information about acquisitions completed during the
            fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report
            is submitted;
                ``(C) information relating to equipment of the
            Transportation Security Administration that is in operation
            after the end of the life-cycle of the equipment specified by
            the manufacturer of the equipment; and
                ``(D) to the extent practicable, a classified addendum to
            report sensitive transportation security risks and associated
            capability gaps that would be best addressed by security-
            related technology described in subparagraph (A).''.
        ``(i) Notice of Covered Changes to Plan.--
            ``(1) Notice required.--The Administrator shall submit to the
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
        and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of
        Representatives notice of any covered change to the Plan not later
        than 90 days after the date that the covered change is made.
            ``(2) Definition of covered change.--In this subsection, the
        term `covered change' means--
                ``(A) an increase or decrease in the dollar amount
            allocated to the procurement of a technology; or
                ``(B) an increase or decrease in the number of a
            technology.''.
    SEC. 1918. MAINTENANCE OF SECURITY-RELATED TECHNOLOGY.
        (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6
    U.S.C. 561 et seq.), as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:

            ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

    ``SEC. 1621. MAINTENANCE VALIDATION AND OVERSIGHT.
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop
    and implement a preventive maintenance validation process for security-
    related technology deployed to airports.
        ``(b) Maintenance by Administration Personnel at Airports.--For
    maintenance to be carried out by Administration personnel at airports,
    the process referred to in subsection (a) shall include the following:
            ``(1) Guidance to Administration personnel at airports
        specifying how to conduct and document preventive maintenance
        actions.
            ``(2) Mechanisms for the Administrator to verify compliance
        with the guidance issued pursuant to paragraph (1).
        ``(c) Maintenance by Contractors at Airports.--For maintenance to
    be carried by a contractor at airports, the process referred to in
    subsection (a) shall require the following:
            ``(1) Provision of monthly preventative maintenance schedules
        to appropriate Administration personnel at each airport that
        includes information on each action to be completed by contractor.
            ``(2) Notification to appropriate Administration personnel at
        each airport when maintenance action is completed by a contractor.
            ``(3) A process for independent validation by a third party of
        contractor maintenance.
        ``(d) Penalties for Noncompliance.--The Administrator shall require
    maintenance for any contracts entered into 60 days after the date of
    enactment of the TSA Modernization Act or later for security-related
    technology deployed to airports to include penalties for noncompliance
    when it is determined that either preventive or corrective maintenance
    has not been completed according to contractual requirements and
    manufacturers' specifications.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of the Homeland
    Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is
    further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1617
    the following:

            ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

    ``1621. Maintenance validation and oversight.''.
    SEC. 1919. BIOMETRICS EXPANSION.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S.
    Customs and Border Protection shall consult with each other on the
    deployment of biometric technologies.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to permit the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection to facilitate or expand the deployment of biometric
    technologies, or otherwise collect, use, or retain biometrics, not
    authorized by any provision of or amendment made by the Intelligence
    Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-458; 118
    Stat. 3638) or the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission
    Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-53; 121 Stat. 266).
        (c) Report Required.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress, and to any Member of Congress upon the request
    of that Member, a report that includes specific assessments from the
    Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection with respect to the following:
            (1) The operational and security impact of using biometric
        technology to identify travelers.
            (2) The potential effects on privacy of the expansion of the
        use of biometric technology under paragraph (1), including methods
        proposed or implemented to mitigate any risks to privacy identified
        by the Administrator or the Commissioner related to the active or
        passive collection of biometric data.
            (3) Methods to analyze and address any matching performance
        errors related to race, gender, or age identified by the
        Administrator with respect to the use of biometric technology,
        including the deployment of facial recognition technology;
            (4) With respect to the biometric entry-exit program, the
        following:
                (A) Assessments of--
                    (i) the error rates, including the rates of false
                positives and false negatives, and accuracy of biometric
                technologies;
                    (ii) the effects of biometric technologies, to ensure
                that such technologies do not unduly burden categories of
                travelers, such as a certain race, gender, or nationality;
                    (iii) the extent to which and how biometric
                technologies could address instances of travelers to the
                United States overstaying their visas, including--

                        (I) an estimate of how often biometric matches are
                    contained in an existing database;
                        (II) an estimate of the rate at which travelers
                    using fraudulent credentials identifications are
                    accurately rejected; and
                        (III) an assessment of what percentage of the
                    detection of fraudulent identifications could have been
                    accomplished using conventional methods;

                    (iv) the effects on privacy of the use of biometric
                technologies, including methods to mitigate any risks to
                privacy identified by the Administrator or the Commissioner
                of U.S. Customs and Border Protection related to the active
                or passive collection of biometric data; and
                    (v) the number of individuals who stay in the United
                States after the expiration of their visas each year.
                (B) A description of--
                    (i) all audits performed to assess--

                        (I) error rates in the use of biometric
                    technologies; or
                        (II) whether the use of biometric technologies and
                    error rates in the use of such technologies
                    disproportionately affect a certain race, gender, or
                    nationality; and

                    (ii) the results of the audits described in clause (i).
                (C) A description of the process by which domestic
            travelers are able to opt-out of scanning using biometric
            technologies.
                (D) A description of--
                    (i) what traveler data is collected through scanning
                using biometric technologies, what agencies have access to
                such data, and how long the agencies possess such data;
                    (ii) specific actions that the Department and other
                relevant Federal departments and agencies take to safeguard
                such data; and
                    (iii) a short-term goal for the prompt deletion of the
                data of individual United States citizens after such data
                is used to verify traveler identities.
        (d) Publication of Assessments.--The Secretary, the Administrator,
    and the Commissioner shall, if practicable, publish a public version of
    the assessment required by subsection (c)(2) on the Internet website of
    the TSA and of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
    SEC. 1920. PILOT PROGRAM FOR AUTOMATED EXIT LANE TECHNOLOGY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot program to
    implement and evaluate the use of automated exit lane technology at
    small hub airports and nonhub airports (as those terms are defined in
    section 40102 of title 49, United States Code).
        (b) Partnership.--The Administrator shall carry out the pilot
    program in partnership with the applicable airport directors.
        (c) Cost Share.--The Federal share of the cost of the pilot program
    under this section shall not exceed 85 percent of the total cost of the
    program.
        (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out the pilot program under this section
    $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
        (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date the pilot
    program is implemented, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the
    pilot program, including--
            (1) the extent of airport participation in the pilot program
        and how the program was implemented;
            (2) the results of the pilot program and any reported benefits,
        including the impact on security and any cost-related efficiencies
        realized by TSA or at the participating airports; and
            (3) the feasibility of expanding the pilot program to
        additional airports, including to medium and large hub airports.
    SEC. 1921. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; EXIT LANE SECURITY.
        There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out section
    44903(n)(1) of title 49, United States Code, $77,000,000 for each of
    fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
    SEC. 1922. REAL-TIME SECURITY CHECKPOINT WAIT TIMES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make available to the
    public information on wait times at each airport security checkpoint at
    which security screening operations are conducted or overseen by the
    TSA.
        (b) Requirements.--The information described in subsection (a)
    shall be provided in real time via technology and published--
            (1) online; and
            (2) in physical locations at applicable airport terminals.
        (c) Considerations.--The Administrator shall only make the
    information described in subsection (a) available to the public if it
    can do so in a manner that does not increase public area security
    risks.
        (d) Definition of Wait Time.--In this section, the term ``wait
    time'' means the period beginning when a passenger enters a queue for a
    screening checkpoint and ending when that passenger exits the
    checkpoint.
    SEC. 1923. GAO REPORT ON DEPLOYMENT OF SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS
    AIRPORTS.
        (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study whether the TSA allocates resources, including advanced
    imaging and computed tomography technologies, appropriately based on
    risk at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports at which security
    screening operations are conducted or overseen by the TSA.
        (b) Cost Analysis.--As a part of the study conducted under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall analyze the costs
    allocated or incurred by the TSA at Category X, I, II, III, and IV
    airports--
            (1) to purchase and deploy screening equipment and other
        assets, including advanced imaging and computed tomography
        technologies, at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports;
            (2) to install such equipment, including any related variant,
        and assets in the airport; and
            (3) to maintain such equipment and assets.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report on the findings of the study under
    subsection (a).
    SEC. 1924. SCREENING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW AND PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES.
        (a) Review of Technology Acquisitions Process.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with
        relevant officials of the Department, shall conduct a review of
        existing advanced transportation security screening technology
        testing and evaluation, acquisitions, and procurement practices
        within TSA.
            (2) Contents.--Such review shall include--
                (A) identifying process delays and obstructions within the
            Department and the Administration regarding how such technology
            is identified, tested and evaluated, acquired, and deployed;
                (B) assessing whether the TSA can better leverage existing
            resources or processes of the Department for the purposes of
            technology testing and evaluation;
                (C) assessing whether the TSA can further encourage
            innovation and competition among technology stakeholders,
            including through increased participation of and funding for
            small business concerns (as such term is described under
            section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
                (D) identifying best practices of other Department
            components or United States Government entities; and
                (E) a plan to address any problems or challenges identified
            by such review.
        (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a briefing on the findings of the review
    required under this section and a plan to address any problems or
    challenges identified by such review.
        (c) Acquisitions and Procurement Enhancement.--Incorporating the
    results of the review in subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) engage in outreach, coordination, and collaboration with
        transportation stakeholders to identify and foster innovation of
        new advanced transportation security screening technologies;
            (2) streamline the overall technology development, testing,
        evaluation, acquisitions, procurement, and deployment processes of
        the Administration; and
            (3) ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of such processes.
        (d) Assessment.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Chief
    Privacy Officer of the Department, shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a compliance assessment of the TSA acquisition
    process relating to the health and safety risks associated with
    implementation of screening technologies.
        (e) Performance Objectives.--The Administrator shall establish
    performance objectives for the testing and verification of security
    technology, including testing and verification conducted by appropriate
    third parties under section 1911, to ensure that progress is made, at a
    minimum, toward--
            (1) reducing time for each phase of testing while maintaining
        security (including testing for detection testing, operational
        testing, testing and verification framework, and field testing);
            (2) eliminating testing and verification delays; and
            (3) increasing accountability.
        (f) Tracking.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the
        Administrator shall establish and continually track performance
        metrics for each type of security technology submitted for testing
        and verification, including testing and verification conducted by
        appropriate third parties under section 1911.
            (2) Measuring progress toward goals.--The Administrator shall
        use the metrics established and tracked under paragraph (1) to
        generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure progress toward
        the achievement of the performance objectives established under
        subsection (e).
            (3) Report required.--
                (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
            appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing the
            extent to which the performance objectives established under
            subsection (e), as measured by the performance metrics
            established and tracked under paragraph (1) of this subsection,
            have been met.
                (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph (A)
            shall include--
                    (i) a list of the performance metrics established under
                paragraph (1), including the length of time for each phase
                of testing and verification for each type of security
                technology; and
                    (ii) a comparison of the progress achieved for testing
                and verification of security technology conducted by the
                TSA and the testing and verification of security technology
                conducted by third parties.
                (C) Proprietary information.--The report required by
            subparagraph (A) shall--
                    (i) not include identifying information regarding an
                individual or entity or equipment; and
                    (ii) protect proprietary information.
        (g) Information Technology Security.--Not later than 90 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to
    the appropriate committees of Congress a plan to conduct recurring
    reviews of the operational, technical, and management security controls
    for Administration information technology systems at airports.
    SEC. 1925. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PILOT PROGRAMS.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall carry out a pilot program to test
    the use of screening equipment using computed tomography technology to
    screen baggage at passenger screening checkpoints at airports.
        (b) Feasibility Study.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the
        Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department, shall
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a feasibility
        study regarding expanding the use of computed tomography technology
        for the screening of air cargo transported on passenger aircraft
        operated by an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air
        transportation, interstate air transportation, or interstate air
        commerce.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the feasibility study under
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                (A) Opportunities to leverage computed tomography systems
            used for screening passengers and baggage.
                (B) Costs and benefits of using computed tomography
            technology for screening air cargo.
                (C) An analysis of emerging computed tomography systems
            that may have potential to enhance the screening of air cargo,
            including systems that may address aperture challenges
            associated with screening certain categories of air cargo.
                (D) An analysis of emerging screening technologies, in
            addition to computed tomography, that may be used to enhance
            the screening of air cargo.
        (c) Pilot Program.--Not later than 120 days after the date the
    feasibility study is submitted under subsection (b), the Administrator
    shall initiate a 2-year pilot program to achieve enhanced air cargo
    security screening outcomes through the use of new or emerging
    screening technologies, such as computed tomography technology, as
    identified through such study.
        (d) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the pilot
    program under subsection (c) is initiated, and biannually thereafter
    for 2 years, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees
    of Congress on the progress of implementation of such pilot program.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning
        given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Air transportation.--The term ``air transportation'' has
        the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United
        States Code.
            (3) Foreign air carrier.--The term ``foreign air carrier'' has
        the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United
        States Code.
            (4) Interstate air commerce.--The term ``interstate air
        commerce'' has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title
        49, United States Code.
            (5) Interstate air transportation.--The term ``interstate air
        transportation'' has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of
        title 49, United States Code.

                        Subtitle C--Public Area Security

    SEC. 1926. DEFINITIONS.
        In this subtitle:
            (1) Behavioral standards.--The term ``behavioral standards''
        means standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working
        canines for certain factors, including canine temperament, work
        drive, suitability for training, environmental factors used in
        evaluations, and canine familiarity with natural or man-made
        surfaces or working conditions relevant to the canine's expected
        work area.
            (2) Medical standards.--The term ``medical standards'' means
        standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working
        canines for certain factors, including canine health, management of
        heredity health conditions, breeding practices, genetics, pedigree,
        and long-term health tracking.
            (3) Technical standards.--The term ``technical standards''
        means standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working
        canines for certain factors, including canine search techniques,
        handler-canine communication, detection testing conditions and
        logistics, and learned explosive odor libraries.
    SEC. 1927. EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE CAPACITY BUILDING.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a working group to
    determine ways to support decentralized, non-Federal domestic canine
    breeding capacity to produce high quality explosives detection canines
    and modernize canine training standards.
        (b) Working Group Composition.--The working group established under
    subsection (a) shall be comprised of representatives from the
    following:
            (1) The TSA.
            (2) The Science and Technology Directorate of the Department.
            (3) National domestic canine associations with expertise in
        breeding and pedigree.
            (4) Universities with expertise related to explosives detection
        canines and canine breeding.
            (5) Domestic canine breeders and vendors.
        (c) Chairpersons.--The Administrator shall approve of 2 individuals
    from among the representatives of the working group specified in
    subsection (b) to serve as the Chairpersons of the working group as
    follows:
            (1) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in
        paragraph (1) or (2) of that subsection.
            (2) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in
        paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of that subsection.
        (d) Proposed Standards and Recommendations.--Not later than 180
    days after the date the working group is established under subsection
    (a), the working group shall submit to the Administrator--
            (1) proposed behavioral standards, medical standards, and
        technical standards for domestic canine breeding and canine
        training described in that subsection; and
            (2) recommendations on how the TSA can engage stakeholders to
        further the development of such domestic non-Federal canine
        breeding capacity and training.
        (e) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date the
    recommendations are submitted under subsection (d), the Administrator
    shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    strategy for working with non-Federal stakeholders to facilitate
    expanded the domestic canine breeding capacity described in subsection
    (a), based on such recommendations.
        (f) Consultation.--In developing the strategy under subsection (e),
    the Administrator shall consult with the Under Secretary for Science
    and Technology of the Department, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and
    Border Protection, the Director of the United States Secret Service,
    and the heads of such other Federal departments or agencies as the
    Administrator considers appropriate to incorporate, to the extent
    practicable, mission needs across the Department for an expanded non-
    Federal domestic explosives detection canine breeding capacity that can
    be leveraged to help meet the Department's operational needs.
        (g) Termination.--The working group established under subsection
    (a) shall terminate on the date that the strategy is submitted under
    subsection (e), unless the Administrator extends the termination date
    for the purposes of section 1928.
        (h) Nonapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.--The
    Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the
    working group established under this Act.
    SEC. 1928. THIRD PARTY DOMESTIC CANINES.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of transportation
    security by increasing the supply of canine teams for use by the TSA
    and transportation stakeholders, the Administrator shall develop and
    issue behavioral standards, medical standards, and technical standards,
    based on the recommendations of the working group under section 1927,
    that a third party explosives detection canine must satisfy to be
    certified for the screening of individuals and property, including
    detection of explosive vapors among individuals and articles of
    property, in public areas of an airport under section 44901 of title
    49, United States Code.
        (b) Augmenting Public Area Security.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop guidance on
        the coordination of development and deployment of explosives
        detection canine teams for use by transportation stakeholders to
        enhance public area security at transportation hubs, including
        airports.
            (2) Consultation.--In developing the guidance under paragraph
        (1), the Administrator shall consult with--
                (A) the working group established under section 1927;
                (B) the officials responsible for carrying out section
            1941; and
                (C) such transportation stakeholders, canine providers, law
            enforcement, privacy groups, and transportation security
            providers as the Administrator considers relevant.
        (c) Agreement.--Subject to subsections (d), (e), and (f), not later
    than 270 days after the issuance of standards under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall, to the extent possible, enter into an agreement
    with at least 1 third party to test and certify the capabilities of
    canines in accordance with the standards under subsection (a).
        (d) Expedited Deployment.--In entering into an agreement under
    subsection (c), the Administrator shall use--
            (1) the other transaction authority under section 114(m) of
        title 49, United States Code; or
            (2) such other authority of the Administrator as the
        Administrator considers appropriate to expedite the deployment of
        additional canine teams.
        (e) Process.--Before entering into an agreement under subsection
    (c), the Administrator shall--
            (1) evaluate and verify the third party's ability to
        effectively evaluate the capabilities of canines;
            (2) designate key elements required for appropriate evaluation
        venues where third parties may conduct testing; and
            (3) periodically assess the program at evaluation centers to
        ensure the proficiency of the canines beyond the initial testing
        and certification by the third party.
        (f) Consultation.--To determine best practices for the use of third
    parties to test and certify the capabilities of canines, the
    Administrator shall consult with the following persons before entering
    into an agreement under subsection (c):
            (1) The Secretary of State.
            (2) The Secretary of Defense.
            (3) Non-profit organizations that train, certify, and provide
        the services of canines for various purposes.
            (4) Institutions of higher education with research programs
        related to use of canines for the screening of individuals and
        property, including detection of explosive vapors among individuals
        and articles of property.
        (g) Third Party Explosives Detection Canine Provider List.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date the
        Administrator enters into an agreement under subsection (c), the
        Administrator shall develop and maintain a list of the names of
        each third party from which the TSA procures explosive detection
        canines, including for each such third party the relevant
        contractual period of performance.
            (2) Distribution.--The Administrator shall make the list under
        paragraph (1) available to appropriate transportation stakeholders
        in such form and manner as the Administrator prescribes.
        (h) Oversight.--The Administrator shall establish a process to
    ensure appropriate oversight of the certification program and
    compliance with the standards under subsection (a), including periodic
    audits of participating third parties.
        (i) Authorization.--
            (1) TSA.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a
        process for the TSA to procure third party explosives detection
        canines certified under this section.
            (2) Aviation stakeholders.--
                (A) In general.--The Administrator shall authorize an
            aviation stakeholder, under the oversight of and in
            coordination with the Federal Security Director at an
            applicable airport, to contract with, procure or purchase, and
            deploy one or more third party explosives detection canines
            certified under this section to augment public area security at
            that airport.
                (B) Applicable large hub airports.--
                    (i) In general.--Except as provided under subparagraph
                (ii), notwithstanding any law to the contrary, and subject
                to the other provisions of this paragraph, an applicable
                large hub airport may provide a certified canine described
                in subparagraph (A) on an in-kind basis to the TSA to be
                deployed as a passenger screening canine at that airport
                unless the applicable large hub airport consents to the use
                of that certified canine elsewhere.
                    (ii) Exception.--The Administrator may, on a case-by-
                case basis, deploy a certified canine described in
                subparagraph (A) to a transportation facility other than
                the applicable large hub airport described in clause (i)
                for not more than 90 days per year if the Administrator--

                        (I) determines that such deployment is necessary to
                    meet operational or security needs; and
                        (II) notifies the applicable large hub airport
                    described in clause (i).

                    (iii) Nondeployable canines.--Any certified canine
                provided to the TSA under clause (i) that does not complete
                training for deployment under that clause shall be the
                responsibility of the large hub airport unless the TSA
                agrees to a different outcome.
                (C) Handlers.--Not later than 30 days before a canine
            begins training to become a certified canine under subparagraph
            (B), the airport shall notify the TSA of such training and the
            Administrator shall assign a TSA canine handler to participate
            in the training with that canine, as appropriate.
                (D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not reduce the
            staffing allocation model for an applicable large hub airport
            based on that airport's provision of a certified canine under
            this paragraph.
        (j) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Applicable large hub airport.--The term ``applicable large
        hub airport'' means a large hub airport (as defined in section
        40102 of title 49, United States Code) that has less than 100
        percent of the allocated passenger screening canine teams staffed
        by the TSA.
            (2) Aviation stakeholder.--The term ``aviation stakeholder''
        includes an airport, airport operator, and air carrier.
    SEC. 1929. TRACKING AND MONITORING OF CANINE TRAINING AND TESTING.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall use, to the extent practicable, a digital
    monitoring system for all training, testing, and validation or
    certification of public and private canine assets utilized or funded by
    the TSA to facilitate improved review, data analysis, and record
    keeping of canine testing performance and program administration.
    SEC. 1930. VIPR TEAM STATISTICS.
        (a) VIPR Team Statistics.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator
        shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the number
        of VIPR teams available for deployment at transportation
        facilities, including--
                (A) the number of VIPR team operations that include
            explosive detection canine teams; and
                (B) the distribution of VIPR team operations deployed
            across different modes of transportation.
            (2) Annex.--The notification under paragraph (1) may contain a
        classified annex.
            (3) Definition of vipr team.--In this subsection, the term
        ``VIPR'' means a Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team
        authorized under section 1303 of the National Transit Systems
        Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112).
        (b) Authorization of VIPR Teams.--Section 1303(b) of the National
    Transit Systems Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112(b)) is amended by
    striking ``to the extent appropriated, including funds to develop not
    more than 60 VIPR teams, for fiscal years 2016 through 2018'' and
    inserting ``such sums as necessary, including funds to develop at least
    30, but not more than 60, VIPR teams, for fiscal years 2019 through
    2021''.
    SEC. 1931. PUBLIC AREA SECURITY WORKING GROUP.
        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Public and private stakeholders.--The term ``public and
        private stakeholders'' has the meaning given the term in section
        114(t)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Surface transportation asset.--The term ``surface
        transportation asset'' includes--
                (A) facilities, equipment, or systems used to provide
            transportation services by--
                    (i) a public transportation agency (as the term is
                defined in section 1402 of the Implementing Recommendations
                of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131));
                    (ii) a railroad carrier (as the term is defined in
                section 20102 of title 49, United States Code);
                    (iii) an owner or operator of--

                        (I) an entity offering scheduled, fixed-route
                    transportation services by over-the road bus (as the
                    term is defined in section 1501 of the Implementing
                    Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6
                    U.S.C. 1151)); or
                        (II) a bus terminal; or

                (B) other transportation facilities, equipment, or systems,
            as determined by the Secretary.
        (b) Public Area Security Working Group.--
            (1) Working group.--The Administrator, in coordination with the
        National Protection and Programs Directorate, shall establish a
        working group to promote collaborative engagement between the TSA
        and public and private stakeholders to develop non-binding
        recommendations for enhancing security in public areas of
        transportation facilities (including facilities that are surface
        transportation assets), including recommendations regarding the
        following:
                (A) Information sharing and interoperable communication
            capabilities among the TSA and public and private stakeholders
            with respect to terrorist or other threats.
                (B) Coordinated incident response procedures.
                (C) The prevention of terrorist attacks and other incidents
            through strategic planning, security training, exercises and
            drills, law enforcement patrols, worker vetting, and suspicious
            activity reporting.
                (D) Infrastructure protection through effective
            construction design barriers and installation of advanced
            surveillance and other security technologies.
            (2) Annual report.--
                (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date the
            working group is established under paragraph (1), the
            Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committee of
            Congress a report, covering the 12-month period preceding the
            date of the report, on--
                    (i) the organization of the working group;
                    (ii) the activities of the working group;
                    (iii) the participation of the TSA and public and
                private stakeholders in the activities of the working
                group;
                    (iv) the findings of the working group, including any
                recommendations.
                (B) Publication.--The Administrator may publish a public
            version of such report that describes the activities of the
            working group and such related matters as would be informative
            to the public, consistent with section 552(b) of title 5,
            United States Code.
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory Committee
        Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group
        established under subsection (a) or any subcommittee thereof.
        (c) Technical Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                (A) inform owners and operators of surface transportation
            assets about the availability of technical assistance,
            including vulnerability assessment tools and cybersecurity
            guidelines, to help protect and enhance the resilience of
            public areas of such assets; and
                (B) upon request, and subject to the availability of
            appropriations, provide such technical assistance to owners and
            operators of surface transportation assets.
            (2) Best practices.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary
        shall publish on the Department website and widely disseminate, as
        appropriate, current best practices for protecting and enhancing
        the resilience of public areas of transportation facilities
        (including facilities that are surface transportation assets),
        including associated frameworks or templates for implementation.
        (d) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
                (A) review of regulations, directives, policies, and
            procedures issued by the Administrator regarding the
            transportation of a firearm and ammunition; and
                (B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
            report on the findings of the review under subparagraph (A),
            including, as appropriate, information on any plans to modify
            any regulation, directive, policy, or procedure based on the
            review.
            (2) Consultation.--In preparing the report under paragraph (1),
        the Administrator shall consult with--
                (A) ASAC;
                (B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee
            under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002; and
                (C) appropriate public and private stakeholders.
    SEC. 1932. PUBLIC AREA BEST PRACTICES.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall, in accordance with law
    and as received or developed, periodically submit information, on any
    best practices developed by the TSA or appropriate transportation
    stakeholders related to protecting the public spaces of transportation
    infrastructure from emerging threats, to the following:
            (1) Federal Security Directors at airports.
            (2) Appropriate security directors for other modes of
        transportation.
            (3) Other appropriate transportation security stakeholders.
        (b) Information Sharing.--The Administrator shall, in accordance
    with law--
            (1) in coordination with the Office of the Director of National
        Intelligence and industry partners, implement improvements to the
        Air Domain Intelligence and Analysis Center to encourage increased
        participation from stakeholders and enhance government and industry
        security information sharing on transportation security threats,
        including on cybersecurity threat awareness;
            (2) expand and improve the City and Airport Threat Assessment
        or similar program to public and private stakeholders to capture,
        quantify, communicate, and apply applicable intelligence to inform
        transportation infrastructure mitigation measures, such as--
                (A) quantifying levels of risk by airport that can be used
            to determine risk-based security mitigation measures at each
            location; and
                (B) determining random and surge employee inspection
            operations based on changing levels of risk;
            (3) continue to disseminate Transportation Intelligence Notes,
        tear-lines, and related intelligence products to appropriate
        transportation security stakeholders on a regular basis; and
            (4) continue to conduct both regular routine and threat-
        specific classified briefings between the TSA and appropriate
        transportation sector stakeholders on an individual or group basis
        to provide greater information sharing between public and private
        sectors.
        (c) Mass Notification.--The Administrator shall encourage security
    stakeholders to utilize mass notification systems, including the
    Integrated Public Alert Warning System of the Federal Emergency
    Management Agency and social media platforms, to disseminate
    information to transportation community employees, travelers, and the
    general public, as appropriate.
        (d) Public Awareness Programs.--The Secretary, in coordination with
    the Administrator, shall expand public programs of the Department of
    Homeland Security and the TSA that increase security threat awareness,
    education, and training to include transportation network public area
    employees, including airport and transportation vendors, local hotels,
    cab and limousine companies, ridesharing companies, cleaning companies,
    gas station attendants, cargo operators, and general aviation members.
    SEC. 1933. AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS CONTROLS COST AND FEASIBILITY STUDY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with ASAC, shall submit
    to the Comptroller General of the United States and the appropriate
    committees of Congress a study examining the shared cost and
    feasibility to airports, airlines, and the TSA of implementing enhanced
    employee inspection measures at all access points between non-secured
    areas and secured areas at a statistically significant number of
    Category I, II, III, IV, and X airports.
        (b) Assessment.--To the extent practicable, in conducting the
    study, the Administrator shall assess the cost, operational efficiency,
    and security effectiveness of requiring all employees to present for
    inspection at every access point between non-secured areas and secured
    areas of airports, and of deploying some or all of the following
    screening measures and technologies:
            (1) A secure door utilizing card and pin entry or biometric
        technology.
            (2) Surveillance video recording capable of storing video data
        for at least 30 days.
            (3) Advanced screening technologies, including at least 1 of
        the following:
                (A) Magnetometer (walk-through or hand-held).
                (B) Explosives detection canines.
                (C) Explosives trace detection swabbing.
                (D) Advanced imaging technology.
                (E) X-ray bag screening technology.
            (4) The TSA's Advanced Threat Local Allocation Strategy
        (commonly known as ``ATLAS'').
        (c) Contents.--To the extent practicable, the study under
    subsection (a) shall include the following:
            (1) Costs associated with establishing an operational minimum
        number of employee entry and exit points.
            (2) A comparison of estimated costs and security effectiveness
        associated with implementing the security features specified in
        paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (b) based on
        information on the experiences from those category I, II, III, IV,
        and X airports that have already implemented or piloted enhanced
        employee inspection measures at access points between non-secured
        areas and secured areas of airports.
        (d) GAO Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of receipt
    of the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the
    United States shall--
            (1) review the study to assess the quality and reliability of
        the study; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the results of the review under paragraph (1).
    SEC. 1934. SECURING AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS POINTS.
        (a) Cooperative Efforts to Enhance Airport Security Awareness.--Not
    later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Administrator shall consult with air carriers, foreign air carriers,
    airport operators, and labor unions representing credentialed employees
    to enhance security awareness of credentialed airport populations
    regarding insider threats to aviation security and best practices
    related to airport access controls.
        (b) Credentialing Standards.--Not later than 180 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with
    air carriers, foreign air carriers, airport operators, and labor unions
    representing credentialed employees, shall assess credentialing
    standards, policies, and practices, including implementation of
    relevant credentialing updates required under the FAA Extension,
    Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615),
    to ensure that insider threats to aviation security are adequately
    addressed.
        (c) SIDA Applications.--
            (1) Social security numbers required.--
                (A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the
            application submitted by an individual applying for a
            credential granting access to the Secure Identification Area of
            an airport to require the social security number of such
            individual in order to strengthen security vetting
            effectiveness.
                (B) Failure to provide number.--An applicant who does not
            provide such applicant's social security number may be denied
            such a credential.
            (2) Screening notice.--The Administrator shall issue
        requirements for an airport operator to include in each application
        for access to a Security Identification Display Area notification
        to the applicant that an employee holding a credential granting
        access to a Security Identification Display Area may be screened at
        any time while gaining access to, working in, or leaving a Security
        Identification Display Area.
        (d) Secured and Sterile Areas of Airports.--The Administrator shall
    consult with airport operators and airline operators to identify
    advanced technologies, including biometric identification technologies,
    that could be used for securing employee access to the secured areas
    and sterile areas of airports.
        (e) Rap Back Vetting .--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall identify and submit to
    the appropriate committees of Congress the number of credentialed
    aviation worker populations at airports that are continuously vetted
    through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service,
    consistent with section 3405(b)(2) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and
    Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note).
        (f) Insider Threat Education and Mitigation.--Not later than 180
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
    identify means of enhancing the TSA's ability to leverage the resources
    of the Department and the intelligence community (as defined in section
    3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) to educate
    Administration personnel on insider threats to aviation security and
    how the TSA can better mitigate such insider threats.
        (g) Employee Inspections.--Consistent with the FAA Extension,
    Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615),
    the Administrator shall ensure that TSA-led, random employee physical
    inspection efforts of aviation workers are targeted, strategic, and
    focused on providing the greatest level of security effectiveness.
        (h) Covert Testing.--
            (1) In general.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, Safety, and
        Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), the
        Administrator shall continue to conduct covert testing of TSA-led
        employee inspection operations at airports and measure existing
        levels of security effectiveness.
            (2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall provide--
                (A) the results of such testing to--
                    (i) the airport operator for the airport that is the
                subject of any such testing; and
                    (ii) as appropriate, to air carriers and foreign air
                carriers that operate at the airport that is the subject of
                such testing; and
                (B) recommendations and technical assistance for air
            carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport operators to
            conduct their own employee inspections, as needed.
            (3) Annual reporting.--The Administrator shall for each of
        fiscal years 2019 through 2021, submit to the appropriate
        committees of Congress a report on the frequency, methodology,
        strategy, and effectiveness of employee inspection operations at
        airports.
        (i) Centralized Database.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with
        ASAC, shall--
                (A) subject to paragraph (2), establish a national,
            centralized database of the names of each individual who--
                    (i) has had an airport-issued badge revoked for failure
                to comply with aviation security requirements; or
                    (ii) has had an aircraft operator-issued badge revoked
                for failure to comply with aviation security requirements;
                (B) determine the appropriate reporting mechanisms for air
            carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport operators--
                    (i) to submit to the Administration data regarding an
                individual described in subparagraph (A); and
                    (ii) to access the database; and
                (C) establish a process to allow an individual whose name
            is mistakenly entered into the database to correct the record
            and have the individual's name expunged from the database.
            (2) Limitation.--The database shall not include the name of any
        individual whose badge has been revoked as a result of a
        termination or cessation of employment unrelated to--
                (A) a violation of a security requirement; or
                (B) a determination that the individual poses a threat to
            aviation security.
    SEC. 1935. LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--In accordance with section 44903(c)(1) of title
    49, United States Code, the Administrator shall increase the number of
    awards, and the total funding amount of each award, under the Law
    Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program--
            (1) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers in the
        public areas of airports, including baggage claim, ticket counters,
        and nearby roads;
            (2) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers at
        screening checkpoints;
            (3) to reduce the response times of law enforcement officers
        during security incidents; and
            (4) to provide visible deterrents to potential terrorists.
        (b) Cooperation by Administrator.--In carrying out subsection (a),
    the Administrator shall use the authority provided to the Administrator
    under section 114(m) of title 49, United States Code, that is the same
    authority as is provided to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration under section 106(m) of that title.
        (c) Administrative Burdens.--The Administrator shall review the
    regulations and compliance policies related to the Law Enforcement
    Officer Reimbursement Program and, if necessary, revise such
    regulations and policies to reduce any administrative burdens on
    applicants or recipients of such awards.
        (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out section 44901(h) of title 49, United States
    Code, $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
    SEC. 1936. AIRPORT PERIMETER AND ACCESS CONTROL SECURITY.
        (a) Risk Assessments of Airport Security.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                (A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
            this Act, update the Transportation Sector Security Risk
            Assessment (referred to in this section as the ``TSSRA''); and
                (B) not later than 90 days after the date the TSSRA is
            updated under subparagraph (A)--
                    (i) update with the most currently available
                intelligence information the Comprehensive Risk Assessment
                of Perimeter and Access Control Security (referred to in
                this section as the ``Risk Assessment of Airport
                Security'');
                    (ii) establish a regular schedule for periodic updates
                to the Risk Assessment of Airport Security; and
                    (iii) conduct a system-wide assessment of airport
                access control points and airport perimeter security.
            (2) Contents.--The security risk assessments required under
        paragraph (1)(B) shall--
                (A) include updates reflected in the TSSRA and Joint
            Vulnerability Assessment findings;
                (B) reflect changes to the risk environment relating to
            airport access control points and airport perimeters;
                (C) use security event data for specific analysis of
            system-wide trends related to airport access control points and
            airport perimeter security to better inform risk management
            decisions; and
                (D) consider the unique geography of and current best
            practices used by airports to mitigate potential
            vulnerabilities.
            (3) Report.--The Administrator shall report the results of the
        TSSRA and Risk Assessment of Airport Security under paragraph (1)
        to--
                (A) the appropriate committees of Congress;
                (B) relevant Federal departments and agencies; and
                (C) airport operators.
        (b) Airport Security Strategy Development.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall update the 2012
        National Strategy for Airport Perimeter and Access Control Security
        (referred to in this section as the ``National Strategy'').
            (2) Contents.--The update to the National Strategy shall
        include--
                (A) information from the Risk Assessment of Airport
            Security; and
                (B) information on--
                    (i) airport security-related activities;
                    (ii) the status of TSA efforts to address the
                objectives of the National Strategy;
                    (iii) finalized outcome-based performance measures and
                performance levels for--

                        (I) each activity described in clause (i); and
                        (II) each objective described in clause (ii); and

                    (iv) input from airport operators.
            (3) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the update
        to the National Strategy is complete, the Administrator shall
        establish a regular schedule for determining if and when additional
        updates to the strategy under paragraph (1) are necessary.

                    Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

    SEC. 1937. PRECHECK PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--Section 44919 is amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 44919. PreCheck Program
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration shall continue to administer the PreCheck Program in
    accordance with section 109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation
    Security Act (49 U.S.C. 114 note).
        ``(b) Expansion.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall enter
    into an agreement, using other transaction authority under section
    114(m) of this title, with at least 2 private sector entities to
    increase the methods and capabilities available for the public to
    enroll in the PreCheck Program.
        ``(c) Minimum Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement under
    subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
            ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment
        capability.
            ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means other than biometrics,
        such as a risk assessment, if--
                ``(A) such means--
                    ``(i) are evaluated and certified by the Secretary of
                Homeland Security;
                    ``(ii) meet the definition of a qualified anti-
                terrorism technology under section 865 of the Homeland
                Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 444); and
                    ``(iii) are determined by the Administrator to provide
                a risk assessment that is as effective as a fingerprint-
                based criminal history records check conducted through the
                Federal Bureau of Investigation with respect to identifying
                individuals who are not qualified to participate in the
                PreCheck Program due to disqualifying criminal history; and
                ``(B) with regard to private sector risk assessments, the
            Secretary has certified that reasonable procedures are in place
            with regard to the accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization
            of information employed in such risk assessments.
        ``(d) Additional Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement
    under subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
            ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment
        capability.
            ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means of biometrics if the
        collection--
                ``(A) is comparable with the appropriate and applicable
            standards developed by the National Institute of Standards and
            Technology;
                ``(B) protects privacy and data security, including that
            any personally identifiable information is collected, retained,
            used, and shared in a manner consistent with section 552a of
            title 5, United States Code (commonly known as `Privacy Act of
            1974'), and with agency regulations;
                ``(C) is evaluated and certified by the Secretary of
            Homeland Security; and
                ``(D) is determined by the Administrator to provide a risk
            assessment that is as effective as a fingerprint-based criminal
            history records check conducted through the Federal Bureau of
            Investigation with respect to identifying individuals who are
            not qualified to participate in the PreCheck Program due to
            disqualifying criminal history.
        ``(e) Target Enrollment.--Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d),
    the Administrator shall take actions to expand the total number of
    individuals enrolled in the PreCheck Program as follows:
            ``(1) 7,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2019.
            ``(2) 10,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2020.
            ``(3) 15,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2021.
        ``(f) Marketing of PreCheck Program.--Not later than 90 days after
    the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator
    shall--
            ``(1) enter into at least 2 agreements, using other transaction
        authority under section 114(m) of this title, to market the
        PreCheck Program; and
            ``(2) implement a long-term strategy for partnering with the
        private sector to encourage enrollment in such program.
        ``(g) Identity Verification Enhancement.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with the heads of appropriate components of
        the Department to leverage Department-held data and technologies to
        verify the identity and citizenship of individuals enrolling in the
        PreCheck Program;
            ``(2) partner with the private sector to use biometrics and
        authentication standards, such as relevant standards developed by
        the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to facilitate
        enrollment in the program; and
            ``(3) consider leveraging the existing resources and abilities
        of airports to collect fingerprints for use in background checks to
        expedite identity verification.
        ``(h) PreCheck Program Lanes Operation.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) ensure that PreCheck Program screening lanes are open and
        available during peak and high-volume travel times at appropriate
        airports to individuals enrolled in the PreCheck Program; and
            ``(2) make every practicable effort to provide expedited
        screening at standard screening lanes during times when PreCheck
        Program screening lanes are closed to individuals enrolled in the
        program in order to maintain operational efficiency.
        ``(i) Eligibility of Members of the Armed Forces for Expedited
    Security Screening.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), an individual
        specified in paragraph (2) is eligible for expedited security
        screening under the PreCheck Program.
            ``(2) Individuals specified.--An individual specified in this
        subsection is any of the following:
                ``(A) A member of the Armed Forces, including a member of a
            reserve component or the National Guard.
                ``(B) A cadet or midshipman of the United States Military
            Academy, the United States Naval Academy, the United States Air
            Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy.
                ``(C) A family member of an individual specified in
            subparagraph (A) or (B) who is younger than 12 years old and
            accompanying the individual.
            ``(3) Implementation.--The eligibility of an individual
        specified in paragraph (2) for expedited security screening under
        the PreCheck Program is subject to such policies and procedures as
        the Administrator may prescribe to carry out this subsection, in
        consultation with the Secretary of Defense and, with respect to the
        United States Coast Guard, the Commandant of the United States
        Coast Guard.
        ``(j) Vetting for PreCheck Program Participants.--The Administrator
    shall initiate an assessment to identify any security vulnerabilities
    in the vetting process for the PreCheck Program, including determining
    whether subjecting PreCheck Program participants to recurrent
    fingerprint-based criminal history records checks, in addition to
    recurrent checks against the terrorist watchlist, could be done in a
    cost-effective manner to strengthen the security of the PreCheck
    Program.
        ``(k) Assurance of Separate Program.--In carrying out this section,
    the Administrator shall ensure that the additional private sector
    application capabilities under subsections (b), (c), and (d) are
    undertaken in addition to any other related TSA program, initiative, or
    procurement, including the Universal Enrollment Services program.
        ``(l) Expenditure of Funds.--Any Federal funds expended by the
    Administrator to expand PreCheck Program enrollment shall be expended
    in a manner that includes the requirements of this section.''.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Repeal.--Subtitle A of title III of the FAA Extension,
        Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the
        items relating to that subtitle in the table of contents of that
        Act are repealed.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is
        amended by amending the item relating to section 44919 to read as
        follows:

    ``44919. PreCheck Program.''.

            (3) Screening passengers and property.--Section 44901(a) is
        amended by striking ``44919 or''.
    SEC. 1938. PRECHECK EXPEDITED SCREENING.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that only a
    traveler who is a member of a trusted traveler program specified in
    subsection (b) is permitted to use a TSA PreCheck security screening
    lane at a passenger screening checkpoint.
        (b) Trusted Traveler Programs Specified.--A trusted traveler
    program specified in this subsection is any of the following:
            (1) The PreCheck Program under section 44919 of title 49,
        United States Code.
            (2) Any other program implemented by the TSA under section
        109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (49
        U.S.C. 114 note).
            (3) Any other United States Government program that issues a
        unique identifier, such as a known traveler number, that the TSA
        accepts as validating that the individual holding such identifier
        is a member of a known low-risk population.
        (c) Exemptions.--Nothing in this section shall affect--
            (1) the authority of the Administrator, under section 44927 of
        title 49, United States Code, to carry out expedited screening for
        members of the Armed Forces with disabilities or severe injuries or
        veterans with disabilities or severe injuries; or
            (2) the Honor Flight program under section 44928 of that title.
        (d) Low-risk Travelers.--Any traveler who is determined by the
    Administrator to be low risk based on the traveler's age and who is not
    a member of a trusted traveler program specified in subsection (b)
    shall be permitted to utilize TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at
    Transportation Security Administration checkpoints when traveling on
    the same reservation as a member of such a program.
        (e) Risk Modified Screening.--
            (1) Pilot program.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act and subject to paragraph (2), the
        Administrator shall commence a pilot program regarding a risk
        modified screening protocol for lanes other than designated TSA
        PreCheck security screening lanes at passenger screening
        checkpoints, in airports of varying categories, to further segment
        passengers based on risk.
            (2) Eligibility.--Only a low-risk passenger shall be eligible
        to participate in the risk modified screening pilot program under
        paragraph (1).
            (3) Definition of low-risk passenger.--In this subsection, the
        term ``low-risk passenger'' means a passenger who--
                (A) meets a risk-based, intelligence-driven criteria
            prescribed by the Administrator; or
                (B) undergoes a canine enhanced screening upon arrival at
            the passenger screening checkpoint.
            (4) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date
        that is 120 days after the date it commences under paragraph (1).
            (5) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the termination
        date under paragraph (4), the Administrator shall brief the
        appropriate committees of Congress on the findings of the pilot
        program, including--
                (A) information relating to the security effectiveness and
            passenger facilitation effectiveness of the risk modified
            screening protocol;
                (B) a determination regarding whether the risk modified
            screening protocol was effective; and
                (C) if the Administrator determined that the protocol was
            effective, a plan for the deployment of the protocol at as many
            TSA passenger screening checkpoints as practicable.
            (6) Implementation.--In determining whether deployment of the
        protocol at a TSA passenger screening checkpoint at an airport is
        practicable, the Administrator shall consider--
                (A) the level of risk at the airport;
                (B) the available space at the airport;
                (C) passenger throughput levels at the airport;
                (D) the checkpoint configuration at the airport; and
                (E) adequate resources to appropriately serve passengers in
            TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at the passenger
            screening checkpoint.
        (f) Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the
        Administrator shall establish a working group to advise the
        Administrator on the development of plans for the deployment of the
        protocol at TSA passenger screening checkpoints, other than
        designated TSA PreCheck security screening lanes, in the most
        effective and efficient manner practicable.
            (2) Members.--The working group shall be comprised of
        representatives of Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports and air
        carriers (as the term is defined in section 40102 of title 49,
        United States Code).
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory Committee
        Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group
        established under this subsection.
        (g) Briefings.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall brief, on a biannual
        basis, the appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation
        of subsections (a) until the Administrator certifies that only
        travelers who are members of trusted traveler programs specified in
        subsection (b) are permitted to use TSA PreCheck security screening
        lanes at passenger screening checkpoints.
            (2) Certification.--Upon a determination by the Administrator
        that only travelers who are members of a trusted traveler program
        specified in subsection (b) are permitted to use TSA PreCheck
        security screening lanes at checkpoints in accordance with
        subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
        committees of Congress a written certification relating to such
        determination.
        (h) Inspector General Assessments.--The Inspector General of the
    Department shall assess and transmit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress the Administrator's implementation under subsection (a).
        (i) Expansion of TSA PreCheck Program Enrollment.--
            (1) Long-term strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop and begin
        the implementation a long-term strategy to increase enrollment in
        the TSA PreCheck Program.
            (2) Considerations.--In developing the strategy under paragraph
        (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                (A) Partnering with air carriers (as the term is defined in
            section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) to incorporate
            PreCheck Program promotion opportunities in the reservation
            process described in section 1560.101 of title 49, Code of
            Federal Regulations;
                (B) Including in the PreCheck Program of an individual
            who--
                    (i) holds a Secret, Top Secret, or Top Secret/Sensitive
                Compartmented Information clearance, unless the individual
                has had the individual's clearance revoked or did not pass
                a periodic reinvestigation; or
                    (ii) is a current, full-time Federal law enforcement
                officer.
                (C) Providing PreCheck Program enrollment flexibility by
            offering secure mobile enrollment platforms that facilitate in-
            person identity verification and application data collection,
            such as through biometrics.
                (D) Reducing travel time to PreCheck Program enrollment
            centers for applicants, including--
                    (i) by adjusting the locations and schedules of
                existing PreCheck Program enrollment centers to accommodate
                demand;
                    (ii) by seeking to colocate such enrollment centers
                with existing facilities that support the issuance of--

                        (I) United States passports; and
                        (II) Security Identification Display Area
                    credentials (as the term is defined in section 1540.5
                    of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) located in
                    public, non-secure areas of airports if no systems of
                    an airport operator are used in support of enrollment
                    activities for such credentials; and

                    (iii) by increasing the availability of PreCheck
                Program enrollment platforms, such as kiosks, tablets, or
                staffed laptop stations.
                (E) The feasibility of providing financial assistance or
            other incentives for PreCheck Program enrollment for--
                    (i) children who are at least 12 years or older, but
                less than 18 years old;
                    (ii) families consisting of 5 or more immediate family
                members;
                    (iii) private sector entities, including small
                businesses, to establish PreCheck Program enrollment
                centers in their respective facilities; and
                    (iv) private sector entities, including small business
                concerns (as the term is described in section 3 of the
                Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)), to reimburse an
                employee for the cost of the PreCheck Program application.
    SEC. 1939. TRUSTED TRAVELER PROGRAMS; COLLABORATION.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator, in consultation with the Commissioner of U.S.
    Customs and Border Protection, shall--
            (1) review each trusted traveler program administered by U.S.
        Customs and Border Protection and the PreCheck Program;
            (2) identify any improvements that can be made to such
        programs--
                (A) to streamline and integrate the requirements and
            operations of such programs to reduce administrative burdens,
            including applications for inclusion and determining whether a
            valid credential can satisfy the requirements for another
            credential;
                (B) to increase information and data sharing across such
            programs; and
                (C) to allow the public to access and link to the
            applications for enrollment in all of such programs from 1
            online portal;
            (3) identify any law, including regulations, policy, or
        procedure that may unnecessarily inhibit collaboration among
        Department of Homeland Security agencies regarding such programs or
        implementation of the improvements identified under paragraph (2);
            (4) recommend any legislative, administrative, or other actions
        that can be taken to eliminate any unnecessary barriers to
        collaboration or implementation identified in paragraph (3); and
            (5) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the review, including any unnecessary barriers to collaboration
        or implementation identified under paragraph (3), and any
        recommendations under paragraph (4).
    SEC. 1940. PASSENGER SECURITY FEE.
        Section 44940(c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Offsetting collections.--Beginning on October 1, 2027,
        fees collected under subsection (a)(1) for any fiscal year shall be
        credited as offsetting collections to appropriations made for
        aviation security measures carried out by the Transportation
        Security Administration, to remain available until expended.''.
    SEC. 1941. THIRD PARTY CANINE TEAMS FOR AIR CARGO SECURITY.
        Section 1307 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11
    Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1116) is amended by adding at the end
    the following:
        ``(h) Third Party Canine Teams for Air Cargo Security.--
            ``(1) In general.--In order to enhance the screening of air
        cargo and ensure that third party explosives detection canine
        assets are leveraged for such purpose, the Administrator shall, not
        later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the TSA
        Modernization Act--
                ``(A) develop and issue standards for the use of such third
            party explosives detection canine assets for the primary
            screening of air cargo;
                ``(B) develop a process to identify qualified non-Federal
            entities that will certify canine assets that meet the
            standards established by the Administrator under subparagraph
            (A);
                ``(C) ensure that entities qualified to certify canine
            assets shall be independent from entities that will train and
            provide canines to end users of such canine assets;
                ``(D) establish a system of Transportation Security
            Administration audits of the process developed under
            subparagraph (B); and
                ``(E) provide that canines certified for the primary
            screening of air cargo can be used by air carriers, foreign air
            carriers, freight forwarders, and shippers.
            ``(2) Implementation.--Beginning on the date that the
        development of the process under paragraph (1)(B) is complete, the
        Administrator shall--
                ``(A) facilitate the deployment of such assets that meet
            the certification standards of the Administration, as
            determined by the Administrator;
                ``(B) make such standards available to vendors seeking to
            train and deploy third party explosives detection canine
            assets; and
                ``(C) ensure that all costs for the training and
            certification of canines, and for the use of supplied canines,
            are borne by private industry and not the Federal Government.
            ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                ``(A) Air carrier.--The term `air carrier' has the meaning
            given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States
            Code.
                ``(B) Foreign air carrier.--The term `foreign air carrier'
            has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49,
            United States Code.
                ``(C) Third party explosives detection canine asset.--The
            term `third party explosives detection canine asset' means any
            explosives detection canine or handler not owned or employed,
            respectively, by the Transportation Security Administration.''.
    SEC. 1942. KNOWN SHIPPER PROGRAM REVIEW.
        The Administrator shall direct the Air Cargo Subcommittee of ASAC--
            (1) to conduct a comprehensive review and security assessment
        of the Known Shipper Program;
            (2) to recommend whether the Known Shipper Program should be
        modified or eliminated considering the full implementation of 100
        percent screening under section 44901(g) of title 49, United States
        Code; and
            (3) to report its findings and recommendations to the
        Administrator.
    SEC. 1943. ESTABLISHMENT OF AIR CARGO SECURITY DIVISION.
        (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44947. Air cargo security division
        ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall
    establish an air cargo security division to carry out and engage with
    stakeholders regarding the implementation of air cargo security
    programs established by the Administration.
        ``(b) Leadership; Staffing.--The air cargo security division
    established pursuant to subsection (a) shall be headed by an individual
    in the executive service within the TSA and be staffed by not fewer
    than 4 full-time equivalents, including the head of the division.
        ``(c) Staffing.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration shall staff the air cargo security division with
    existing TSA personnel.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is
    amended by inserting after the item related to section 44946 the
    following:

    ``44947. Air cargo security division.''.
    SEC. 1944. AIR CARGO REGULATION REVIEW.
        (a) Review.--Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) review the Certified Cargo Screening Program, including--
                (A) consideration of the degree to which the Program is
            effective at fully addressing evolving threats to air cargo,
            particularly as air cargo volumes fluctuate; and
                (B) identification of any vulnerabilities in the Program
            and effectiveness of information sharing with air cargo
            security stakeholders; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the findings of the review under paragraph (1), including--
                (A) a description of the actions the Administrator has
            taken to improve the Program; and
                (B) a description of the actions the Administrator will
            take to address the findings of the review under paragraph (1),
            including any plans to issue new rulemaking, if necessary.
    SEC. 1945. GAO REVIEW.
        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the Department's analysis and intelligence pre-
        screening processes and procedures for air cargo entering the
        United States;
            (2) review the pilot program conducted under section 1925;
            (3) assess the effectiveness of the Department's risk-based
        strategy for examining air cargo and ensuring compliance with air
        cargo security law, including regulations; and
            (4) review the Department's information sharing procedures and
        practices for disseminating information to relevant stakeholders on
        preventing, mitigating, and responding to air cargo related
        threats.
    SEC. 1946. SCREENING PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM UPDATES.
        (a) Security Screening Opt-Out Program.--Section 44920 is amended--
            (1) in the heading by striking ``Security screening opt-out
        program'' and inserting ``Screening partnership program'';
            (2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
        ``(a) In General.--An airport operator may submit to the
    Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration an
    application to carry out the screening of passengers and property at
    the airport under section 44901 by personnel of a qualified private
    screening company pursuant to a contract entered into with the
    Transportation Security Administration.'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
        receipt of an application submitted by an airport operator under
        subsection (a), the Administrator shall approve or deny the
        application.''; and
                (B) in paragraphs (2) and (3), by striking ``Under
            Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Administrator'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                (A) in the heading, by striking ``Standards'' inserting
            ``Selection of Contracts and Standards'';
                (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
                (C) in paragraph (1)--
                    (i) by striking ``The Under Secretary may enter'' and
                all that follows through ``certifies to Congress that--''
                and inserting ``The Administrator shall, upon approval of
                the application, provide the airport operator with a list
                of qualified private screening companies.''; and
                    (ii) by inserting before subparagraphs (A) and (B) the
                following:
            ``(2) Contracts.--The Administrator shall, to the extent
        practicable, enter into a contract with a private screening company
        from the list provided under paragraph (1) for the provision of
        screening at the airport not later than 120 days after the date of
        approval of an application submitted by the airport operator under
        subsection (a) if--''; and
                (D) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--
                    (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (ii) in subparagraph (B)--

                        (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting
                    ``Administrator''; and
                        (II) by striking the period at the end and
                    inserting ``; and''; and

                    (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(C) the selected qualified private screening company
            offered contract price is equal to or less than the cost to the
            Federal Government to provide screening services at the
            airport.''; and
                (E) in paragraph (3), as redesignated--
                    (i) by striking ``paragraph (1)(B)'' and inserting
                ``paragraph (2)(B)''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it
                appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                (A) in the heading, by striking ``Screened'' and inserting
            ``Screening'';
                (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            and'';
                (C) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and inserting
            ``The Administrator shall--'';
                (D) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``provide Federal
            Government'' and indenting appropriately; and
                (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) undertake covert testing and remedial training support
        for employees of private screening companies providing screening at
        airports.'';
            (6) in subsection (f)--
                (A) in the heading, by inserting ``or Suspension'' after
            ``Termination'';
                (B) by striking ``terminate'' and inserting ``suspend or
            terminate, as appropriate,''; and
                (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (7) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
        ``(h) Evaluation of Screening Company Proposals for Award.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2),
        notwithstanding any other provision of law, including title 48 of
        the Code of Federal Regulations and the Federal Advisory Committee
        Act (5 U.S.C. App.), an airport operator that has applied and been
        approved to have security screening services carried out by a
        qualified private screening company under contract with the
        Administrator may nominate to the head of the contracting activity
        an individual to participate in the evaluation of proposals for the
        award of such contract.
            ``(2) Participation on a proposal evaluation committee.--Any
        participation on a proposal evaluation committee under paragraph
        (1) shall be conducted in accordance with chapter 21 of title 41.
        ``(i) Innovative Screening Approaches and Technologies.--The
    Administrator shall encourage an airport operator to whom screening
    services are provided under this section to recommend to the
    Administrator innovative screening approaches and technologies. Upon
    receipt of any such recommendations, the Administrator shall review
    and, if appropriate, test, conduct a pilot project, and, if
    appropriate, deploy such approaches and technologies.''.
        (b) Feasibility Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with
        airport operators and airlines, shall submit to the appropriate
        committees of Congress an assessment of the feasibility of
        modifying the Screening Partnership Program to allow an individual
        airport terminal to participate in the Screening Partnership
        Program.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the assessment under
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                (A) potential benefits and costs, including with respect to
            the efficacy of security operations, of such an approach;
                (B) potential impacts on security operations; and
                (C) potential impacts on recruitment, hiring, and
            retention.
        (c) Applications Submitted Before the Date of Enactment.--Not later
    than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator
    shall approve or deny, in accordance with section 44920(b) of title 49,
    United States Code, as amended by this Act, each application submitted
    before the date of enactment of this Act, by an airport operator under
    subsection (a) of that section, that is awaiting such a determination.
    SEC. 1947. SCREENING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS.
        Subject to part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, the
    Administrator shall quarterly make available to the airport director of
    an airport--
            (1) an assessment of the screening performance of that airport
        compared to the mean average performance of all airports in the
        equivalent airport category for screening performance data; and
            (2) a briefing on the results of performance data reports,
        including--
                (A) a scorecard of objective metrics developed by the
            Office of Security Operations to measure screening performance,
            such as results of annual proficiency reviews and covert
            testing, at the appropriate level of classification; and
                (B) other performance data, including--
                    (i) passenger throughput;
                    (ii) wait times; and
                    (iii) employee attrition, absenteeism, injury rates,
                and any other human capital measures collected by the TSA.
    SEC. 1948. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAMS.
        (a) In General.--Section 44935 is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(i) Accessibility of Computer-based Training
        Facilities.--'' and inserting ``(k) Accessibility of Computer-based
        Training Facilities.--''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Initial and Recurring Training.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a training
        program for new security screening personnel located at the
        Transportation Security Administration Academy.
            ``(2) Recurring training.--
                ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator
            shall establish recurring training for security screening
            personnel regarding updates to screening procedures and
            technologies, including, in response to weaknesses identified
            in covert tests at airports--
                    ``(i) methods to identify the verification of false or
                fraudulent travel documents; and
                    ``(ii) training on emerging threats.
                ``(B) Contents.--The training under subparagraph (A) shall
            include--
                    ``(i) internal controls for monitoring and documenting
                compliance of transportation security officers with such
                training requirements; and
                    ``(ii) such other matters as identified by the
                Administrator with regard to such training.''.
        (b) GAO Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) examine the effectiveness of the new security screening
        personnel training under section 44935(l) of title 49, United
        States Code; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the findings under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.
    SEC. 1949. TRAVELER REDRESS IMPROVEMENT.
        (a) Redress Process.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, using existing resources,
        systems, and processes, shall ensure the availability of the
        Department of Homeland Security Traveler Redress Inquiry Program
        (referred to in this section as ``DHS TRIP'') redress process to
        adjudicate an inquiry for an individual who--
                (A) is a citizen of the United States or alien lawfully
            admitted for permanent residence;
                (B) has filed the inquiry with DHS TRIP after receiving
            enhanced screening at an airport passenger security checkpoint
            more than 3 times in any 60-day period; and
                (C) believes the individual has been wrongly identified as
            being a threat to aviation security.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the
        appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation of the
        redress process required under paragraph (1).
        (b) Privacy Impact Review and Update.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review and update
        the Privacy Impact Assessment for the Secure Flight programs to
        ensure the assessment accurately reflects the operation of such
        programs.
            (2) Public dissemination; form.--The Administrator shall--
                (A) publish the Secure Flight Privacy Impact Assessment
            review and update required under paragraph (1) on a publicly-
            accessible internet webpage of the TSA; and
                (B) submit the Secure Flight Privacy Impact Assessment
            review and update to the appropriate committees of Congress.
        (c) Rule Review and Notification Process.--
            (1) Rule review.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter, the Assistant
        Administrator of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the
        TSA, in coordination with the entities specified in paragraph (3),
        shall identify and review the screening rules established by the
        Office of Intelligence and Analysis of TSA.
            (2) Notification process.--Not later than 2 days after the date
        that any change to a rule identified under paragraph (1) is made,
        the Assistant Administrator of the Office of Intelligence and
        Analysis of the TSA shall notify the entities specified in
        paragraph (3) of the change.
            (3) Entities specified.--The entities specified in this
        paragraph are as follows:
                (A) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties, Ombudsman,
            and Traveler Engagement of the TSA.
                (B) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties of the
            Department.
                (C) The Office of Chief Counsel of the TSA.
                (D) The Office of General Counsel of the Department.
                (E) The Privacy Office of the Administration.
                (F) The Privacy Office of the Department.
                (G) The Federal Air Marshal Service.
                (H) The Traveler Redress Inquiry Program of the Department.
        (d) Federal Air Marshal Service Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall ensure that the rules
        identified in subsection (c) are taken into account for Federal Air
        Marshal mission scheduling.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on whether, and if so
        how, the rules identified in subsection (c) are incorporated in the
        risk analysis conducted during the Federal Air Marshal mission
        scheduling process.
        (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) study the rules identified under subsection (c)(1),
        including--
                (A) whether the rules are effective in mitigating potential
            threats to aviation security; and
                (B) whether, and if so how, the TSA coordinates with the
            Department regarding any proposed change to a rule; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the findings under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.
    SEC. 1950. IMPROVEMENTS FOR SCREENING OF PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.
        (a) Revised Training.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with
        nationally-recognized veterans and disability organizations, shall
        revise the training requirements for Transportation Security
        Officers related to the screening of passengers with disabilities,
        including passengers with disabilities who participate in the
        PreCheck program.
            (2) Training specifications.--In revising the training
        requirements under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall address
        the proper screening, and any particular sensitivities related to
        the screening, of a passenger with a disability--
                (A) traveling with a medical device, including an
            indwelling medical device;
                (B) traveling with a prosthetic;
                (C) traveling with a wheelchair, walker, scooter, or other
            mobility device;
                (D) traveling with a service animal; or
                (E) with sensitivities to touch, pressure, sound, or
            hypersensitivity to stimuli in the environment.
            (3) Training frequency.--The Administrator shall implement the
        revised training under paragraph (1) during initial and recurrent
        training of all Transportation Security Officers.
        (b) Best Practices.--The individual at the TSA responsible for
    civil rights, liberties, and traveler engagement shall--
            (1) record each complaint from a passenger with a disability
        regarding the screening practice of the TSA;
            (2) identify the most frequent concerns raised, or
        accommodations requested, in the complaints;
            (3) determine the best practices for addressing the concerns
        and requests identified in paragraph (2); and
            (4) recommend appropriate training based on such best
        practices.
        (c) Signage.--At each category X airport, the TSA shall place
    signage at each security checkpoint that--
            (1) specifies how to contact the appropriate TSA employee at
        the airport designated to address complaints of screening
        mistreatment based on disability; and
            (2) describes how to receive assistance from that individual or
        other qualified personnel at the security screening checkpoint.
        (d) Reports to Congress.--Not later than September 30 of the first
    full fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each
    fiscal year thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the
    appropriate committees of Congress a report on the checkpoint
    experiences of passengers with disabilities, including the following:
            (1) The number and most frequent types of disability-related
        complaints received.
            (2) The best practices recommended under subsection (b) to
        address the top areas of concern.
            (3) The estimated wait times for assist requests for passengers
        with disabilities, including disabled passengers who participate in
        the PreCheck program.
    SEC. 1951. AIR CARGO ADVANCE SCREENING PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection and the Administrator, consistent with the requirements of
    the Trade Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-210) shall--
            (1) establish an air cargo advance screening program (referred
        to in this section as the ``ACAS Program'') for the collection of
        advance electronic information from air carriers and other persons
        within the supply chain regarding cargo being transported to the
        United States by air;
            (2) under such program, require that such information be
        transmitted by such air carriers and other persons at the earliest
        point practicable prior to loading of such cargo onto an aircraft
        destined to or transiting through the United States;
            (3) establish appropriate communications systems with freight
        forwarders, shippers, and air carriers;
            (4) establish a system that will allow freight forwarders,
        shippers, and air carriers to provide shipment level data for air
        cargo, departing from any location that is inbound to the United
        States; and
            (5) identify opportunities in which the information furnished
        in compliance with the ACAS Program could be used by the
        Administrator.
        (b) Inspection of High-risk Cargo.--Under the ACAS Program, the
    Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the
    Administrator shall ensure that all cargo that has been identified as
    high-risk is inspected--
            (1) prior to the loading of such cargo onto aircraft at the
        last point of departure; or
            (2) at an earlier point in the supply chain, before departing
        for the United States.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, the
    Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the
    Administrator shall consult with relevant stakeholders, as appropriate,
    to ensure that an operationally feasible and practical approach to--
            (1) the collection of advance information with respect to cargo
        on aircraft departing for the United States is applied; and
            (2) the inspection of high-risk cargo recognizes the
        significant differences among air cargo business models and modes
        of transportation.
        (d) Analysis.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection and the Administrator may analyze the information described
    in subsection (a) in the Department of Homeland Security's automated
    targeting system and integrate such information with other intelligence
    to enhance the accuracy of the risk assessment process under the ACAS
    Program.
        (e) No Duplication.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection and the Administrator shall carry out this section in a
    manner that, after the ACAS Program is fully in effect, ensures, to the
    greatest extent practicable, that the ACAS Program does not duplicate
    other Department programs or requirements relating to the submission of
    air cargo data or the inspection of high-risk cargo.
        (f) Consideration of Industry.--In carrying out the ACAS Program,
    the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the content and timeliness of the available data
        may vary among entities in the air cargo industry and among
        countries;
            (2) explore procedures to accommodate the variations described
        in paragraph (1) while maximizing the contribution of such data to
        the risk assessment process under the ACAS Program;
            (3) test the business processes, technologies, and operational
        procedures required to provide advance information with respect to
        cargo on aircraft departing for the United States and carry out
        related inspection of high-risk cargo, while ensuring delays and
        other negative impacts on vital supply chains are minimized; and
            (4) consider the cost, benefit, and feasibility before
        establishing any set time period for submission of certain elements
        of the data for air cargo under this section in line with the
        regulatory guidelines specified in Executive Order 13563 or any
        successor Executive order or regulation.
        (g) Guidance.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection and the Administrator shall provide guidance for
    participants in the ACAS Program regarding the requirements for
    participation, including requirements for transmitting shipment level
    data.
        (h) Use of Data.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection and the Administrator shall use the data provided under the
    ACAS Program for targeting shipments for screening and aviation
    security purposes only.
        (i) Final Rule.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection, in coordination with the Administrator, shall issue a final
    regulation to implement the ACAS Program to include the electronic
    transmission to U.S. Customs and Border Protection of data elements for
    targeting cargo, including appropriate security elements of shipment
    level data.
        (j) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    commencement of the ACAS Program, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and
    Border Protection and the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a report detailing the operational
    implementation of providing advance information under the ACAS Program
    and the value of such information in targeting cargo.
    SEC. 1952. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.
        (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Securing
    General Aviation and Charter Air Carrier Service Act''.
        (b) Advanced Passenger Prescreening System.--Not later than 120
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status
    of the deployment of the advanced passenger prescreening system, and
    access thereto for certain aircraft charter operators, as required by
    section 44903(j)(2)(E) of title 49, United States Code, including--
            (1) the reasons for the delay in deploying the system; and
            (2) a detailed schedule of actions necessary for the deployment
        of the system.
        (c) Screening Services Other Than in Primary Passenger Terminals.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to the provisions of this subsection,
        the Administrator may provide screening services to a charter air
        carrier in an area other than the primary passenger terminal of an
        applicable airport.
            (2) Requests.--A request for screening services under paragraph
        (1) shall be made at such time, in such form, and in such manner as
        the Administrator may require, except that the request shall be
        made to the Federal Security Director for the applicable airport at
        which the screening services are requested.
            (3) Availability.--A Federal Security Director may provide
        requested screening services under this section if the Federal
        Security Director determines such screening services are available.
            (4) Agreements.--
                (A) Limitation.--No screening services may be provided
            under this section unless a charter air carrier agrees in
            writing to compensate the TSA for all reasonable costs,
            including overtime, of providing the screening services.
                (B) Payments.--Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31,
            United States Code, payment received under subparagraph (A)
            shall be credited to the account that was used to cover the
            cost of providing the screening services. Amounts so credited
            shall be merged with amounts in that account, and shall be
            available for the same purposes, and subject to the same
            conditions and limitations, as other amounts in that account.
            (5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                (A) Applicable airport.--The term ``applicable airport''
            means an airport that--
                    (i) is not a commercial service airport; and
                    (ii) is receiving screening services for scheduled
                passenger aircraft.
                (B) Charter air carrier.--The term ``charter air carrier''
            has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49,
            United States Code.
                (C) Screening services.--The term ``screening services''
            means the screening of passengers and property similar to the
            screening of passengers and property described in section 44901
            of title 49, United States Code.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the ASAC, shall,
    consistent with the requirements of paragraphs (6) and (7) of section
    44946(b) of title 49, United States Code, submit to the appropriate
    Committees of Congress an implementation plan, including an
    implementation schedule, for any of the following recommendations that
    were adopted by the ASAC and with which the Administrator has concurred
    before the date of the enactment of this Act:
            (1) The recommendation regarding general aviation access to
        Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, as adopted on February
        17, 2015.
            (2) The recommendation regarding the vetting of persons seeking
        flight training in the United States, as adopted on July 28, 2016.
            (3) Any other such recommendations relevant to the security of
        general aviation adopted before the date of the enactment of this
        Act.
        (e) Designated Staffing.--The Administrator may designate 1 or more
    full-time employees of the TSA to liaise with, and respond to issues
    raised by, general aviation stakeholders.
        (f) Security Enhancements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the
    ASAC, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    on the feasibility of requiring a security threat assessment before an
    individual could obtain training from a private flight school to
    operate an aircraft having a maximum certificated takeoff weight of
    more than 12,500 pounds.

                      Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

    SEC. 1953. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORTS; SECURITY DIRECTIVES.
        (a) Notice and Consultation.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent
        practicable, consult and notify the following stakeholders prior to
        making changes to security standards via security directives and
        emergency amendments for last points of departure:
                (A) Trade association representatives, for affected air
            carriers and airports, who hold the appropriate security
            clearances.
                (B) The head of each relevant Federal department or agency,
            including the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration.
            (2) Transmittal to congress.--Not later than 3 days after the
        date that the Administrator issues a security directive or
        emergency amendment for a last point of departure, the
        Administrator shall transmit to the appropriate committees of
        Congress a description of the extent to which the Administrator
        consulted and notified the stakeholders under paragraph (1).
        (b) GAO Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
        shall review the effectiveness of the TSA process to update,
        consolidate, or revoke security directives, emergency amendments,
        and other policies related to international aviation security at
        last point of departure airports and submit to the appropriate
        committees of Congress and the Administrator a report on the
        findings and recommendations.
            (2) Contents.--In conducting the review under paragraph (1),
        the Comptroller General shall--
                (A) review current security directives, emergency
            amendments, and any other policies related to international
            aviation security at last point of departure airports;
                (B) review the extent of intra-agency and interagency
            coordination, stakeholder outreach, coordination, and feedback;
            and
                (C) review TSA's process and criteria for, and
            implementation of, updating or revoking the policies described
            in subparagraph (A).
        (c) Rescreening.--Subject to section 44901(d)(4)(c) of title 49,
    United States Code, upon discovery of specific threat intelligence, the
    Administrator shall immediately direct TSA personnel to rescreen
    passengers and baggage arriving from an airport outside the United
    States and identify enhanced measures that should be implemented at
    that airport.
        (d) Notification to Congress.--Not later than 1 day after the date
    that the Administrator determines that a foreign air carrier is in
    violation of part 1546 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or any
    other applicable security requirement, the Administrator shall notify
    the appropriate committees of Congress.
        (e) Decisions Not Subject to Judicial Review.--Notwithstanding any
    other provision of law, any decision of the Administrator under
    subsection (a)(1) relating to consultation or notification shall not be
    subject to judicial review.
    SEC. 1954. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT ASSESSMENT.
        Section 44907(a)(2)(B) is amended by inserting ``, including the
    screening and vetting of airport workers'' before the semicolon.
    SEC. 1955. TRACKING SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT FROM LAST POINT OF
    DEPARTURE AIRPORTS.
        (a) Donation of Screening Equipment To Protect the United States.--
    Chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in subchapter I, by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United
         States
        ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the Administrator is
    authorized to donate security screening equipment to a foreign last
    point of departure airport operator if such equipment can be reasonably
    expected to mitigate a specific vulnerability to the security of the
    United States or United States citizens.
        ``(b) Conditions.--Before donating any security screening equipment
    to a foreign last point of departure airport operator the Administrator
    shall--
            ``(1) ensure that the screening equipment has been restored to
        commercially available settings;
            ``(2) ensure that no TSA-specific security standards or
        algorithms exist on the screening equipment; and
            ``(3) verify that the appropriate officials have an adequate
        system--
                ``(A) to properly maintain and operate the screening
            equipment; and
                ``(B) to document and track any removal or disposal of the
            screening equipment to ensure the screening equipment does not
            come into the possession of terrorists or otherwise pose a risk
            to security.
        ``(c) Reports.--Not later than 30 days before any donation of
    security screening equipment under subsection (a), the Administrator
    shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the
    Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of
    Representatives a detailed written explanation of the following:
            ``(1) The specific vulnerability to the United States or United
        States citizens that will be mitigated by such donation.
            ``(2) An explanation as to why the recipient of such donation
        is unable or unwilling to purchase security screening equipment to
        mitigate such vulnerability.
            ``(3) An evacuation plan for sensitive technologies in case of
        emergency or instability in the country to which such donation is
        being made.
            ``(4) How the Administrator will ensure the security screening
        equipment that is being donated is used and maintained over the
        course of its life by the recipient.
            ``(5) The total dollar value of such donation.
            ``(6) How the appropriate officials will document and track any
        removal or disposal of the screening equipment by the recipient to
        ensure the screening equipment does not come into the possession of
        terrorists or otherwise pose a risk to security.''; and
            (2) in the table of contents, by inserting after the item
        relating to section 44928 the following:

    ``44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United
              States.''.

        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3204 of the
    Aviation Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the item
    relating to that section in the table of contents of that Act are
    repealed.
        (c) Raising International Standards.--Not later than 90 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall collaborate
    with other aviation authorities and the United States Ambassador or the
    Charge d'Affaires to the United States Mission to the International
    Civil Aviation Organization, as applicable, to advance a global
    standard for each international airport to document and track the
    removal and disposal of any security screening equipment to ensure the
    screening equipment does not come into the possession of terrorists or
    otherwise pose a risk to security.
    SEC. 1956. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STANDARDS.
        (a) Global Aviation Security Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the
        Commissioner of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the
        Director of the Office of International Engagement of the
        Department of Homeland Security, and the Secretary of State, shall
        conduct a global aviation security review to improve aviation
        security standards, including standards intended to mitigate
        cybersecurity threats, across the global aviation system.
            (2) Best practices.--The global aviation security review shall
        establish best practices regarding the following:
                (A) Collaborating with foreign partners to improve global
            aviation security capabilities and standards.
                (B) Identifying foreign partners that--
                    (i) have not successfully implemented security
                protocols from the International Civil Aviation
                Organization or the Department of Homeland Security; and
                    (ii) have not taken steps to implement such security
                protocols;
                (C) Improving the development, outreach, and implementation
            process for security directives or emergency amendments issued
            to domestic and foreign air carriers.
                (D) Assessing the cybersecurity risk of security screening
            equipment.
        (b) Notification.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the
    United States Ambassador to the International Civil Aviation
    Organization, shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate,
    and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign
    Affairs of the House of Representatives of the progress of the review
    under subsection (a) and any proposed international improvements to
    aviation security.
        (c) ICAO.--Subject to subsection (a), the Administrator and
    Ambassador shall take such action at the International Civil Aviation
    Organization as the Administrator and Ambassador consider necessary to
    advance aviation security improvement proposals, including if
    practicable, introducing a resolution to raise minimum standards for
    aviation security.
        (d) Briefings to Congress.--Beginning not later than 180 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the
    Administrator, in consultation with the Ambassador with respect to
    subsection (c), shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate,
    and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign
    Affairs of the House of Representatives on the implementation of
    subsections (a) and (b).
    SEC. 1957. AVIATION SECURITY IN CUBA.
        (a) Security of Public Charter Operations.--The Administrator of
    the Transportation Security Administration, in coordination with the
    Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration, shall--
            (1) direct all public charters operating flights between the
        United States and Cuba to provide updated flight schedules to, and
        maintain such schedules with, the Transportation Security
        Administration; and
            (2) develop and implement a mechanism that corroborates and
        validates flight schedule data to more reliably track the public
        charter operations of air carriers between the United States and
        Cuba.
        (b) Briefing on Security at Airports in Cuba.--The Administrator
    shall provide to Congress (including the Committee on Homeland Security
    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate) a confidential briefing on the
    following aspects of security measures at airports in Cuba that have
    air service to the United States:
            (1) Details about the type of equipment used at screening
        checkpoints and an analysis of the capabilities and weaknesses of
        that equipment.
            (2) Information about each such airport's canine screening
        program, if used.
            (3) The frequency of training for screening and security
        personnel.
            (4) Access controls in place to ensure only credentialed
        personnel have access to the secure and sterile areas of such
        airports.
            (5) An assessment of the ability of known or suspected
        terrorists to use Cuba as a gateway to entering the United States.
            (6) Security of such airports' perimeters.
            (7) The vetting practices and procedures for airport employees.
            (8) Any other information the Administrator considers relevant
        to the security practices, procedures, and equipment in place at
        such airports.
    SEC. 1958. REPORT ON AIRPORTS USED BY MAHAN AIR.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2021, the
    Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of
    Transportation, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury,
    and the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to Congress a
    report that includes--
            (1) a list of all airports at which aircraft owned or
        controlled by Mahan Air have landed during the 2 years preceding
        the submission of the report; and
            (2) for each such airport--
                (A) an assessment of whether aircraft owned or controlled
            by Mahan Air continue to conduct operations at that airport;
                (B) an assessment of whether any of the landings of
            aircraft owned or controlled by Mahan Air were necessitated by
            an emergency situation;
                (C) a determination regarding whether additional security
            measures should be imposed on flights to the United States that
            originate from that airport; and
                (D) an explanation of the rationale for that determination.
        (b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall
    be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
        (c) Publication of List.--The list required by subsection (a)(1)
    shall be publicly and prominently posted on the website of the
    Department of Homeland Security on the date on which the report
    required by subsection (a) is submitted to Congress.

                     Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

    SEC. 1959. FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL SERVICE UPDATES.
        (a) Standardization.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a standard
        written agreement that shall be the basis of all negotiations and
        agreements that begin after the date of enactment of this Act
        between the United States and foreign governments or partners
        regarding the presence of Federal air marshals on flights to and
        from the United States, including deployment, technical assistance,
        and information sharing.
            (2) Written agreements.--Except as provided in paragraph (3),
        not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
        all agreements between the United States and foreign governments or
        partners regarding the presence of Federal air marshals on flights
        to and from the United States shall be in writing and signed by the
        Administrator or other authorized United States Government
        representative.
            (3) Exception.--The Administrator may schedule Federal air
        marshal service on flights operating to a foreign country with
        which no written agreement is in effect if the Administrator
        determines that--
                (A) such mission is necessary for aviation security; and
                (B) the requirements of paragraph (4)(B) are met.
            (4) Notification to congress.--
                (A) Written agreements.--Not later than 30 days after the
            date that the Administrator enters into a written agreement
            under this section, the Administrator shall transmit to the
            appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the agreement.
                (B) No written agreements.--The Administrator shall submit
            to the appropriate committees of Congress--
                    (i) not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
                of this Act, a list of each foreign government or partner
                that does not have a written agreement under this section,
                including an explanation for why no written agreement
                exists and a justification for the determination that such
                a mission is necessary for aviation security; and
                    (ii) not later than 30 days after the date that the
                Administrator makes a determination to schedule Federal air
                marshal service on flights operating to a foreign country
                with which no written agreement is in effect under
                paragraph (3), the name of the applicable foreign
                government or partner, an explanation for why no written
                agreement exists, and a justification for the determination
                that such mission is necessary for aviation security.
        (b) Mission Scheduling Automation.--The Administrator shall
    endeavor to acquire automated capabilities or technologies for
    scheduling Federal air marshal service missions based on current risk
    modeling.
        (c) Improving Federal Air Marshal Service Deployments.--
            (1) After-action reports.--The Administrator shall strengthen
        internal controls to ensure that all after-action reports on
        Federal air marshal service special mission coverage provided to
        stakeholders include documentation of supervisory review and
        approval, and mandatory narratives.
            (2) Study.--The Administrator shall contract with an
        independent entity to conduct a validation and verification study
        of the risk analysis and risk-based determinations guiding Federal
        air marshal service deployment, including the use of risk-based
        strategies under subsection (d).
            (3) Cost-benefit analysis.--The Administrator shall conduct a
        cost-benefit analysis regarding mitigation of aviation security
        threats through Federal air marshal service deployment.
            (4) Performance measures.--The Administrator shall improve
        existing performance measures to better determine the effectiveness
        of in-flight operations in addressing the highest risks to aviation
        transportation based on current intelligence.
            (5) Long distance flights.--Section 44917 is amended--
                (A) by striking subsection (b); and
                (B) by redesignating subsections (c) through (d) as
            subsections (b) through (c), respectively.
        (d) Use of Risk-based Strategies.--
            (1) In general.--Section 44917(a) is amended--
                (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the
            semicolon at the end;
                (B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and
            inserting a semicolon; and
                (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize
        a risk-based strategy when allocating resources between
        international and domestic flight coverage, including when
        initially setting its annual target numbers of average daily
        international and domestic flights to cover;
            ``(10) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize
        a risk-based strategy to support domestic allocation decisions;
            ``(11) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize
        a risk-based strategy to support international allocation
        decisions; and
            ``(12) shall ensure that the seating arrangements of Federal
        air marshals on aircraft are determined in a manner that is risk-
        based and most capable of responding to current threats to aviation
        security.''.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the
        appropriate committees of Congress on the Federal Air Marshal
        Service's compliance with the requirements under paragraphs (9)
        through (12) of section 44917(a) of title 49, United States Code,
        as added by this Act, and the documented methodology used by the
        Federal Air Marshal Service to conduct risk assessments in
        accordance with such paragraphs.
            (3) Implementation deadline.--Not later than 180 days after the
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin
        implementing the requirements under paragraphs (9) through (12) of
        section 44917(a), United States Code, as added by this Act.
    SEC. 1960. CREW MEMBER SELF-DEFENSE TRAINING.
        The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration, shall continue to carry out and
    encourage increased participation by air carrier employees in the
    voluntary self-defense training program under section 44918(b) of title
    49, United States Code.
    SEC. 1961. FLIGHT DECK SAFETY AND SECURITY.
        (a) Threat Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall complete a
    detailed threat assessment to identify any safety or security risks
    associated with unauthorized access to the flight decks on commercial
    aircraft and any appropriate measures that should be taken based on the
    risks.
        (b) RTCA Report.--The Administrator, in coordination with the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall disseminate
    RTCA Document (DO-329) Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative
    Flight Deck Security Procedure to aviation stakeholders, including air
    carriers and flight crew, to convey effective methods and best
    practices to protect the flight deck.
    SEC. 1962. CARRIAGE OF WEAPONS, EXPLOSIVES, AND INCENDIARIES BY
    INDIVIDUALS.
        (a) Interpretive Rule.--Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the
    Administrator shall periodically review and amend, as necessary, the
    interpretive rule (68 Fed. Reg. 7444) that provides guidance to the
    public on the types of property considered to be weapons, explosives,
    and incendiaries prohibited under section 1540.111 of title 49, Code of
    Federal Regulations.
        (b) Considerations.--Before determining whether to amend the
    interpretive rule to include or remove an item from the prohibited
    list, the Administrator shall--
            (1) research and evaluate--
                (A) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on
            security risks;
                (B) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on
            screening operations, including effectiveness and efficiency;
            and
                (C) whether the amendment is consistent with international
            standards and guidance, including of the International Civil
            Aviation Organization; and
            (2) consult with appropriate aviation security stakeholders,
        including ASAC.
        (c) Exceptions.--Except for plastic or round bladed butter knives,
    the Administrator may not amend the interpretive rule described in
    subsection (a) to authorize any knife to be permitted in an airport
    sterile area or in the cabin of an aircraft.
        (d) Notification.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) publish in the Federal Register any amendment to the
        interpretive rule described in subsection (a); and
            (2) notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the
        amendment not later than 3 days before publication under paragraph
        (1).
    SEC. 1963. FEDERAL FLIGHT DECK OFFICER PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.
        (a) Improved Access to Training Facilities.--Section
    44921(c)(2)(C)(ii) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The training of'' and inserting the
        following:

                        ``(I) In general.--The training of'';

            (2) in subclause (I), as designated, by striking ``approved by
        the Under Secretary''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:

                        ``(II) Access to training facilities.--The
                    Administrator shall designate additional firearms
                    training facilities located in various regions of the
                    United States for Federal flight deck officers for
                    recurrent and requalifying training relative to the
                    number of such facilities available on the day before
                    such date of enactment.''.

        (b) Firearms Requalification.--Section 44921(c)(2)(C) is amended--
            (1) in clause (iii)--
                (A) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and inserting
            the following:

                        ``(I) In general.--The Administrator shall'';

                (B) in subclause (I), as designated by subparagraph (A), by
            striking ``the Under Secretary'' and inserting ``the
            Administrator''; and
                (C) by adding at the end the following:

                        ``(II) Use of facilities for requalification.--The
                    Administrator shall allow a Federal flight deck officer
                    to requalify to carry a firearm under the program
                    through training at a Transportation Security
                    Administration-approved firearms training facility
                    utilizing a Transportation Security Administration-
                    approved contractor and a curriculum developed and
                    approved by the Transportation Security
                    Administration.''; and

            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(iv) Periodic review.--The Administrator shall
                periodically review requalification training intervals and
                assess whether it is appropriate and sufficient to adjust
                the time between each requalification training to
                facilitate continued participation in the program under
                this section while still maintaining effectiveness of the
                training, and update the training requirements as
                appropriate.''.
        (c) Training Review.--Section 44921(c)(2) is amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(D) Training review.--Not later than 2 years after the
            date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, and biennially
            thereafter, the Administrator shall review training facilities
            and training requirements for initial and recurrent training
            for Federal flight deck officers and evaluate how training
            requirements, including the length of training, could be
            streamlined while maintaining the effectiveness of the
            training, and update the training requirements as
            appropriate.''.
        (d) Other Measures to Facilitate Training.--Section 44921(e) is
    amended--
            (1) by striking ``Pilots participating'' and inserting the
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--Pilots participating''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Facilitation of training.--An air carrier shall permit a
        pilot seeking to be deputized as a Federal flight deck officer or a
        Federal flight deck officer to take a reasonable amount of leave to
        participate in initial, recurrent, or requalification training, as
        applicable, for the program. Leave required under this paragraph
        may be provided without compensation.''.
        (e) International Harmonization.--Section 44921(f) is amended--
            (1) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking ``Under Secretary''
        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Consistency with federal air marshal program.--The
        Administrator shall harmonize, to the extent practicable and in a
        manner that does not jeopardize existing Federal air marshal
        agreements, the policies relating to the carriage of firearms on
        international flights by Federal flight deck officers with the
        policies of the Federal air marshal program for carrying firearms
        on such flights and carrying out the duties of a Federal flight
        deck officer, notwithstanding Annex 17 of the International Civil
        Aviation Organization.''.
        (f) Physical Standards.--Section 44921(d)(2) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses
        (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively;
            (2) in clause (ii), as redesignated, by striking ``Under
        Secretary's'' and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (3) by striking ``A pilot is'' and inserting the following:
                ``(A) In general.--A pilot is''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(B) Consistency with requirements for certain medical
            certificates.--In establishing standards under subparagraph
            (A)(ii), the Administrator may not establish medical or
            physical standards for a pilot to become a Federal flight deck
            officer that are inconsistent with or more stringent than the
            requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration for the
            issuance of the required airman medical certificate under part
            67 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
            corresponding similar regulation or ruling).''.
        (g) Transfer of Status.--Section 44921(d) is amended by adding at
    the end the following:
            ``(5) Transfer from inactive to active status.--In accordance
        with any applicable Transportation Security Administration appeals
        processes, a pilot deputized as a Federal flight deck officer who
        moves to inactive status may return to active status upon
        successful completion of a recurrent training program administered
        within program guidelines.''.
        (h) Technical Corrections.--Section 44921, as amended by this
    section, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 3 months
            after the date of enactment of this section, the Under
            Secretary'' and inserting ``The Administrator'';
                (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Beginning 3 months
            after the date of enactment of this section, the Under
            Secretary shall begin the process of training and deputizing''
            and inserting ``The Administrator shall train and deputize'';
            and
                (C) in paragraph (3)(N), by striking ``Under Secretary's''
            and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(4)--
                (A) by striking ``may,'' and inserting ``may''; and
                (B) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and inserting
            ``Administrator's'';
            (4) in subsection (i)(2), by striking ``the Under Secretary
        may'' and inserting ``may'';
            (5) in subsection (k)--
                (A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3); and
                (B) by striking ``Applicability.--'' and all that follows
            through ``This section'' and inserting ``Applicability.--This
            section'';
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(2) Air transportation.--The term `air transportation'
        includes all-cargo air transportation.
            ``(3) Firearms training facility.--The term `firearms training
        facility' means a private or government-owned gun range approved by
        the Administrator to provide recurrent or requalification training,
        as applicable, for the program, utilizing a Transportation Security
        Administration-approved contractor and a curriculum developed and
        approved by the Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(4) Pilot.--The term `pilot' means an individual who has
        final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of
        the flight or any other flight deck crew member.''; and
            (7) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and
        inserting ``Administrator''.
        (i) Sensitive Security Information.--Not later than 180 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act--
            (1) the Secretary of Transportation shall revise section
        15.5(b)(11) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify
        information about pilots deputized as Federal flight deck officers
        under section 44921 of title 49, United States Code, as sensitive
        security information in a manner consistent with the classification
        of information about Federal air marshals; and
            (2) the Administrator shall revise section 1520.5(b)(11) of
        title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify information
        about pilots deputized as Federal flight deck officers under
        section 44921 of title 49, United States Code, as sensitive
        security information in a manner consistent with the classification
        of information about Federal air marshals.
        (j) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall prescribe such
    regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section and the
    amendments made by this section.

                  Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

    SEC. 1964. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND
    IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK-BASED STRATEGY.
        (a) Security Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete an
        assessment of the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface
        transportation systems.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the security assessment
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, at a minimum--
                (A) consider appropriate intelligence;
                (B) consider security breaches and attacks at domestic and
            international surface transportation facilities;
                (C) consider the vulnerabilities and risks associated with
            specific modes of surface transportation;
                (D) evaluate the vetting and security training of--
                    (i) employees in surface transportation; and
                    (ii) other individuals with access to sensitive or
                secure areas of surface transportation networks; and
                (E) consider input from--
                    (i) representatives of different modes of surface
                transportation;
                    (ii) representatives of critical infrastructure
                entities;
                    (iii) the Transportation Systems Sector Coordinating
                Council; and
                    (iv) the heads of other relevant Federal departments or
                agencies.
        (b) Risk-based Surface Transportation Security Strategy.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the
        security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the
        Administrator shall use the results of the assessment--
                (A) to develop and implement a cross-cutting, risk-based
            surface transportation security strategy that includes--
                    (i) all surface transportation modes;
                    (ii) a mitigating strategy that aligns with each
                vulnerability and risk identified in subsection (a);
                    (iii) a planning process to inform resource allocation;
                    (iv) priorities, milestones, and performance metrics to
                measure the effectiveness of the risk-based surface
                transportation security strategy; and
                    (v) processes for sharing relevant and timely
                intelligence threat information with appropriate
                stakeholders;
                (B) to develop a management oversight strategy that--
                    (i) identifies the parties responsible for the
                implementation, management, and oversight of the risk-based
                surface transportation security strategy; and
                    (ii) includes a plan for implementing the risk-based
                surface transportation security strategy; and
                (C) to modify the risk-based budget and resource
            allocations, in accordance with section 1965(c), for the
            Transportation Security Administration.
            (2) Coordinated approach.--In developing and implementing the
        risk-based surface transportation security strategy under paragraph
        (1), the Administrator shall coordinate with the heads of other
        relevant Federal departments or agencies, and stakeholders, as
        appropriate--
                (A) to evaluate existing surface transportation security
            programs, policies, and initiatives, including the explosives
            detection canine teams, for consistency with the risk-based
            security strategy and, to the extent practicable, avoid any
            unnecessary duplication of effort;
                (B) to determine the extent to which stakeholder security
            programs, policies, and initiatives address the vulnerabilities
            and risks to surface transportation systems identified in
            subsection (a); and
                (C) subject to subparagraph (B), to mitigate each
            vulnerability and risk to surface transportation systems
            identified in subsection (a).
        (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the
        security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
        Congress and the Inspector General of the Department a report
        that--
                (A) describes the process used to complete the security
            assessment;
                (B) describes the process used to develop the risk-based
            security strategy;
                (C) describes the risk-based security strategy;
                (D) includes the management oversight strategy;
                (E) includes--
                    (i) the findings of the security assessment;
                    (ii) a description of the actions recommended or taken
                by the Administrator to mitigate the vulnerabilities and
                risks identified in subsection (a), including interagency
                coordination;
                    (iii) any recommendations for improving the coordinated
                approach to mitigating vulnerabilities and risks to surface
                transportation systems; and
                    (iv) any recommended changes to the National
                Infrastructure Protection Plan, the modal annexes to such
                plan, or relevant surface transportation security programs,
                policies, or initiatives; and
                (F) may contain a classified annex.
            (2) Protections.--In preparing the report, the Administrator
        shall take appropriate actions to safeguard information described
        by section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, or protected from
        disclosure by any other law of the United States.
        (d) Updates.--Not less frequently than semiannually, the
    Administrator shall report to or brief the appropriate committees of
    Congress on the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface transportation
    systems and how those vulnerabilities and risks affect the risk-based
    security strategy.
    SEC. 1965. RISK-BASED BUDGETING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION.
        (a) Report.--In conjunction with the submission of the Department's
    annual budget request to the Office of Management and Budget, the
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report that describes a risk-based budget and resource allocation plan
    for surface transportation sectors, within and across modes, that--
            (1) reflects the risk-based surface transportation security
        strategy under section 1964(b); and
            (2) is organized by appropriations account, program, project,
        and initiative.
        (b) Budget Transparency.--In submitting the annual budget of the
    United States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United States
    Code, the President shall clearly distinguish the resources requested
    for surface transportation security from the resources requested for
    aviation security.
        (c) Resource Reallocation.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date on which
        the Transportation Security Administration allocates any resources
        or personnel, including personnel sharing, detailing, or
        assignment, or the use of facilities, technology systems, or
        vetting resources, for a nontransportation security purpose or
        National Special Security Event (as defined in section 2001 of
        Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 601)), the Secretary shall
        provide the notification described in paragraph (2) to the
        appropriate committees of Congress.
            (2) Notification.--A notification described in this paragraph
        shall include--
                (A) the reason for and a justification of the resource or
            personnel allocation;
                (B) the expected end date of the resource or personnel
            allocation; and
                (C) the projected cost to the Transportation Security
            Administration of the personnel or resource allocation.
        (d) 5-year Capital Investment Plan.--Not later than 180 days after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives
    a 5-year capital investment plan, consistent with the 5-year technology
    investment plan under section 1611 of title XVI of the Homeland
    Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 3 of the Transportation
    Security Acquisition Reform Act (Public Law 113-245; 128 Stat. 2871).
    SEC. 1966. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND INTERAGENCY
    COORDINATION REVIEW.
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the staffing, budget, resource, and personnel
        allocation, and management oversight strategy of the Transportation
        Security Administration's surface transportation security programs;
            (2) review the coordination between relevant entities of
        leadership, planning, policy, inspections, and implementation of
        security programs relating to surface transportation to reduce
        redundancy and regulatory burden; and
            (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the findings of the reviews under paragraphs (1) and (2),
        including any recommendations for improving coordination between
        relevant entities and reducing redundancy and regulatory burden.
    SEC. 1967. TRANSPARENCY.
        (a) Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the
        Administrator shall publish on a public website information
        regarding the status of each regulation relating to surface
        transportation security that is directed by law to be issued and
        that has not been issued if not less than 2 years have passed since
        the date of enactment of the law.
            (2) Contents.--The information published under paragraph (1)
        shall include--
                (A) an updated rulemaking schedule for the outstanding
            regulation;
                (B) current staff allocations;
                (C) data collection or research relating to the development
            of the rulemaking;
                (D) current efforts, if any, with security experts,
            advisory committees, and other stakeholders; and
                (E) other relevant details associated with the development
            of the rulemaking that impact the progress of the rulemaking.
        (b) Inspector General Review.--Not later than 180 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter until all
    of the requirements under titles XIII, XIV, and XV of the Implementing
    Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1111 et
    seq.) and under this title have been fully implemented, the Inspector
    General of the Department shall submit to the appropriate committees of
    Congress a report that--
            (1) identifies the requirements under such titles of that Act
        and under this title that have not been fully implemented;
            (2) describes what, if any, additional action is necessary; and
            (3) includes recommendations regarding whether any of the
        requirements under such titles of that Act or this title should be
        amended or repealed.
    SEC. 1968. TSA COUNTERTERRORISM ASSET DEPLOYMENT.
        (a) Counterterrorism Asset Deployment.--
            (1) In general.--If the Administrator deploys any
        counterterrorism personnel or resource, such as explosive detection
        sweeps, random bag inspections, or patrols by Visible Intermodal
        Prevention and Response teams, to enhance security at a
        transportation system or transportation facility for a period of
        not less than 180 consecutive days, the Administrator shall provide
        sufficient notification to the system or facility operator, as
        applicable, not less than 14 days prior to terminating the
        deployment.
            (2) Exception.--This subsection shall not apply if the
        Administrator--
                (A) determines there is an urgent security need for the
            personnel or resource described in paragraph (1); and
                (B) notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the
            determination under subparagraph (A).
        (b) VIPR Teams.--Section 1303 of the Implementing Recommendations
    of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``team,'' and inserting
        ``team as to specific locations and times within the facilities of
        such entities at which VIPR teams are to be deployed to maximize
        the effectiveness of such deployment,''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) Performance Measures.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall
    develop and implement a system of qualitative performance measures and
    objectives by which to assess the roles, activities, and effectiveness
    of VIPR team operations on an ongoing basis, including a mechanism
    through which the transportation entities referred to in subsection
    (a)(4) may submit feedback on VIPR team operations involving their
    systems or facilities.
        ``(c) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
    of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and
    implement a plan for ensuring the interoperability of communications
    among VIPR team participants and between VIPR teams and any
    transportation entities with systems or facilities that are involved in
    VIPR team operations. Such plan shall include an analysis of the costs
    and resources required to carry out such plan.''.
    SEC. 1969. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
        (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title IV of the Homeland Security
    Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``SEC. 404. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
        ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Transportation
    Security Administration (referred to in this section as
    `Administrator') shall establish within the Transportation Security
    Administration the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee
    (referred to in this section as the `Advisory Committee').
        ``(b) Duties.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Advisory Committee may advise, consult
        with, report to, and make recommendations to the Administrator on
        surface transportation security matters, including the development,
        refinement, and implementation of policies, programs, initiatives,
        rulemakings, and security directives pertaining to surface
        transportation security.
            ``(2) Risk-based security.--The Advisory Committee shall
        consider risk-based security approaches in the performance of its
        duties.
        ``(c) Membership.--
            ``(1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed
        of--
                ``(A) voting members appointed by the Administrator under
            paragraph (2); and
                ``(B) nonvoting members, serving in an advisory capacity,
            who shall be designated by--
                    ``(i) the Transportation Security Administration;
                    ``(ii) the Department of Transportation;
                    ``(iii) the Coast Guard; and
                    ``(iv) such other Federal department or agency as the
                Administrator considers appropriate.
            ``(2) Appointment.--The Administrator shall appoint voting
        members from among stakeholders representing each mode of surface
        transportation, such as passenger rail, freight rail, mass transit,
        pipelines, highways, over-the-road bus, school bus industry, and
        trucking, including representatives from--
                ``(A) associations representing such modes of surface
            transportation;
                ``(B) labor organizations representing such modes of
            surface transportation;
                ``(C) groups representing the users of such modes of
            surface transportation, including asset manufacturers, as
            appropriate;
                ``(D) relevant law enforcement, first responders, and
            security experts; and
                ``(E) such other groups as the Administrator considers
            appropriate.
            ``(3) Chairperson.--The Advisory Committee shall select a
        chairperson from among its voting members.
            ``(4) Term of office.--
                ``(A) Terms.--
                    ``(i) In general.--The term of each voting member of
                the Advisory Committee shall be 2 years, but a voting
                member may continue to serve until the Administrator
                appoints a successor.
                    ``(ii) Reappointment.--A voting member of the Advisory
                Committee may be reappointed.
                ``(B) Removal.--
                    ``(i) In general.--The Administrator may review the
                participation of a member of the Advisory Committee and
                remove such member for cause at any time.
                    ``(ii) Access to information.--The Administrator may
                remove any member of the Advisory Committee that the
                Administrator determines should be restricted from
                reviewing, discussing, or possessing classified information
                or sensitive security information.
            ``(5) Prohibition on compensation.--The members of the Advisory
        Committee shall not receive any compensation from the Government by
        reason of their service on the Advisory Committee.
            ``(6) Meetings.--
                ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall require the
            Advisory Committee to meet at least semiannually in person or
            through web conferencing and may convene additional meetings as
            necessary.
                ``(B) Public meetings.--At least 1 of the meetings of the
            Advisory Committee each year shall be--
                    ``(i) announced in the Federal Register;
                    ``(ii) announced on a public website; and
                    ``(iii) open to the public.
                ``(C) Attendance.--The Advisory Committee shall maintain a
            record of the persons present at each meeting.
                ``(D) Minutes.--
                    ``(i) In general.--Unless otherwise prohibited by other
                Federal law, minutes of the meetings shall be published on
                the public website under subsection (e)(5).
                    ``(ii) Protection of classified and sensitive
                information.--The Advisory Committee may redact or
                summarize, as necessary, minutes of the meetings to protect
                classified or other sensitive information in accordance
                with law.
            ``(7) Voting member access to classified and sensitive security
        information.--
                ``(A) Determinations.--Not later than 60 days after the
            date on which a voting member is appointed to the Advisory
            Committee and before that voting member may be granted any
            access to classified information or sensitive security
            information, the Administrator shall determine if the voting
            member should be restricted from reviewing, discussing, or
            possessing classified information or sensitive security
            information.
                ``(B) Access.--
                    ``(i) Sensitive security information.--If a voting
                member is not restricted from reviewing, discussing, or
                possessing sensitive security information under
                subparagraph (A) and voluntarily signs a nondisclosure
                agreement, the voting member may be granted access to
                sensitive security information that is relevant to the
                voting member's service on the Advisory Committee.
                    ``(ii) Classified information.--Access to classified
                materials shall be managed in accordance with Executive
                Order 13526 of December 29, 2009 (75 Fed. Reg. 707), or any
                subsequent corresponding Executive order.
                ``(C) Protections.--
                    ``(i) Sensitive security information.--Voting members
                shall protect sensitive security information in accordance
                with part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                    ``(ii) Classified information.--Voting members shall
                protect classified information in accordance with the
                applicable requirements for the particular level of
                classification.
            ``(8) Joint committee meetings.--The Advisory Committee may
        meet with 1 or more of the following advisory committees to discuss
        multimodal security issues and other security-related issues of
        common concern:
                ``(A) Aviation Security Advisory Committee established
            under section 44946 of title 49, United States Code.
                ``(B) Maritime Security Advisory Committee established
            under section 70112 of title 46, United States Code.
                ``(C) Railroad Safety Advisory Committee established by the
            Federal Railroad Administration.
            ``(9) Subject matter experts.--The Advisory Committee may
        request the assistance of subject matter experts with expertise
        related to the jurisdiction of the Advisory Committee.
        ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) Periodic reports.--The Advisory Committee shall
        periodically submit reports to the Administrator on matters
        requested by the Administrator or by a majority of the members of
        the Advisory Committee.
            ``(2) Annual report.--
                ``(A) Submission.--The Advisory Committee shall submit to
            the Administrator and the appropriate congressional committees
            an annual report that provides information on the activities,
            findings, and recommendations of the Advisory Committee during
            the preceding year.
                ``(B) Publication.--Not later than 6 months after the date
            that the Administrator receives an annual report under
            subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish a public
            version of the report, in accordance with section 552a(b) of
            title 5, United States Code.
        ``(e) Administration Response.--
            ``(1) Consideration.--The Administrator shall consider the
        information, advice, and recommendations of the Advisory Committee
        in formulating policies, programs, initiatives, rulemakings, and
        security directives pertaining to surface transportation security.
            ``(2) Feedback.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the
        Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory Committee
        under subsection (d)(2), the Administrator shall submit to the
        Advisory Committee written feedback on the recommendation,
        including--
                ``(A) if the Administrator agrees with the recommendation,
            a plan describing the actions that the Administrator has taken,
            will take, or recommends that the head of another Federal
            department or agency take to implement the recommendation; or
                ``(B) if the Administrator disagrees with the
            recommendation, a justification for that determination.
            ``(3) Notices.--Not later than 30 days after the date the
        Administrator submits feedback under paragraph (2), the
        Administrator shall--
                ``(A) notify the appropriate congressional committees of
            the feedback, including the determination under subparagraph
            (A) or subparagraph (B) of that paragraph, as applicable; and
                ``(B) provide the appropriate congressional committees with
            a briefing upon request.
            ``(4) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the
        Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory Committee
        under subsection (d)(2) that the Administrator agrees with, and
        quarterly thereafter until the recommendation is fully implemented,
        the Administrator shall submit a report to the appropriate
        congressional committees or post on the public website under
        paragraph (5) an update on the status of the recommendation.
            ``(5) Website.--The Administrator shall maintain a public
        website that--
                ``(A) lists the members of the Advisory Committee; and
                ``(B) provides the contact information for the Advisory
            Committee.
        ``(f) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act
    (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory Committee or any
    subcommittee established under this section.''.
        (b) Advisory Committee Members.--
            (1) Voting members.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint the voting
        members of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee
        established under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,
        as added by subsection (a) of this section.
            (2) Nonvoting members.--Not later than 90 days after the date
        of enactment of this Act, each Federal Government department and
        agency with regulatory authority over a mode of surface or maritime
        transportation, as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall
        designate an appropriate representative to serve as a nonvoting
        member of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
        (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of
    the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135)
    is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 403 the
    following:

    ``Sec. 404. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.''.
    SEC. 1970. REVIEW OF THE EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the
    Inspector General of the Department receives the report under section
    1964(c), the Inspector General of the Department shall--
            (1) review the explosives detection canine team program,
        including--
                (A) the development by the Transportation Security
            Administration of a deployment strategy for explosives
            detection canine teams;
                (B) the national explosives detection canine team training
            program, including canine training, handler training, refresher
            training, and updates to such training;
                (C) the use of the canine assets during an urgent security
            need, including the reallocation of such program resources
            outside the transportation systems sector during an urgent
            security need; and
                (D) the monitoring and tracking of canine assets; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
        on the review, including any recommendations.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the review of the deployment
    strategy under subsection (a)(1)(A), the Inspector General shall
    consider whether the Transportation Security Administration's method to
    analyze the risk to transportation facilities and transportation
    systems is appropriate.
    SEC. 1971. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM
    PROGRAM.
        (a) In General.--The Secretary, where appropriate, shall encourage
    State, local, and tribal governments and private owners of high-risk
    transportation facilities to strengthen security through the use of
    explosives detection canine teams.
        (b) Increased Capacity.--
            (1) In general.--Before the date the Inspector General of the
        Department submits the report under section 1970, the Administrator
        may increase the number of State and local surface and maritime
        transportation canines by not more than 70 explosives detection
        canine teams.
            (2) Additional teams.--Beginning on the date the Inspector
        General of the Department submits the report under section 1970,
        the Secretary may increase the State and local surface and maritime
        transportation canines up to 200 explosives detection canine teams
        unless more are identified in the risk-based surface transportation
        security strategy under section 1964, consistent with section 1965
        or with the President's most recent budget submitted under section
        1105 of title 31, United States Code.
            (3) Recommendations.--Before initiating any increase in the
        number of explosives detection teams under paragraph (2), the
        Secretary shall consider any recommendations in the report under
        section 1970 on the efficacy and management of the explosives
        detection canine program.
        (c) Deployment.--The Secretary shall--
            (1) use the additional explosives detection canine teams, as
        described in subsection (b)(1), as part of the Department's efforts
        to strengthen security across the Nation's surface and maritime
        transportation networks;
            (2) make available explosives detection canine teams to all
        modes of transportation, subject to the requirements under section
        1968, to address specific vulnerabilities or risks, on an as-needed
        basis and as otherwise determined appropriate by the Secretary; and
            (3) consider specific needs and training requirements for
        explosives detection canine teams to be deployed across the
        Nation's surface and maritime transportation networks, including in
        venues of multiple modes of transportation, as the Secretary
        considers appropriate.
        (d) Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
    Secretary to the extent of appropriations to carry out this section for
    each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
    SEC. 1972. STUDY ON SECURITY STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PASSENGER
    TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.
        (a) Security Standards and Best Practices for United States and
    Foreign Passenger Transportation Systems.--The Comptroller General of
    the United States shall conduct a study of how the Transportation
    Security Administration--
            (1) identifies and compares--
                (A) United States and foreign passenger transportation
            security standards; and
                (B) best practices for protecting passenger transportation
            systems, including shared terminal facilities, and cyber
            systems; and
            (2) disseminates the findings under paragraph (1) to
        stakeholders.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall issue a report that
    contains--
            (1) the findings of the study conducted under subsection (a);
        and
            (2) any recommendations for improving the relevant processes or
        procedures.
    SEC. 1973. AMTRAK SECURITY UPGRADES.
        (a) Railroad Security Assistance.--Section 1513(b) of the
    Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6
    U.S.C. 1163(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``, including communications interoperability where
        appropriate with relevant outside agencies and entities.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``security of'' and inserting
        ``security and preparedness of'';
            (3) in paragraph (7), by striking ``security threats'' and
        inserting ``security threats and preparedness, including
        connectivity to the National Terrorist Screening Center''; and
            (4) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and security officers'' and
        inserting ``, security, and preparedness officers''.
        (b) Specific Projects.--Section 1514(a)(3) of the Implementing
    Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C.
    1164(a)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D) by inserting ``, or to connect to the
        National Terrorism Screening Center watchlist'' after
        ``Secretary'';
            (2) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``; and'' at the end and
        inserting a semicolon;
            (3) in subparagraph (H) by striking the period at the end and
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(I) for improvements to passenger verification systems;
                ``(J) for improvements to employee and contractor
            verification systems, including identity verification
            technology; or
                ``(K) for improvements to the security of Amtrak computer
            systems, including cybersecurity assessments and programs.''.
    SEC. 1974. PASSENGER RAIL VETTING.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which
    the Amtrak Board of Directors submits a request to the Administrator,
    the Administrator shall issue a decision on the use by Amtrak of the
    Transportation Security Administration's Secure Flight Program or a
    similar passenger vetting system to enhance passenger rail security.
        (b) Considerations.--In making a decision under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the technological, privacy, operational, and
        security impacts of such a decision; and
            (2) describe such impacts in any strategic plan developed under
        subsection (c).
        (c) Strategic Plan.--If the Administrator decides to grant the
    request by Amtrak under subsection (a), the decision shall include a
    strategic plan for working with rail stakeholders to enhance passenger
    rail security by--
            (1) vetting passengers using terrorist watch lists maintained
        by the Federal Government or a similar passenger vetting system
        maintained by the Transportation Security Administration; and
            (2) where applicable and in consultation with the Commissioner
        of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, assessing whether the
        vetting process should be integrated into preclearance operations
        established under section 813 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade
        Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4432).
        (d) Notices.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate
    committees of Congress of any decision made under subsection (a) and
    the details of the strategic plan under subsection (c).
        (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to limit the Administrator's authority to set the access to,
    or terms and conditions of using, the Secure Flight Program or a
    similar passenger vetting system.
    SEC. 1975. STUDY ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION INSPECTORS.
        (a) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate
    congressional committees and the Comptroller General of the United
    States a strategy to guide operations of surface transportation
    security inspectors that addresses the following:
            (1) Any limitations in data systems for such inspectors, as
        identified by the Comptroller General.
            (2) Alignment of operations with risk assessment findings,
        including an approach to identifying and prioritizing entities and
        locations for inspections.
            (3) Measurable objectives for the surface transportation
        security inspectors program.
        (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date the
    strategy under subsection (a) is submitted, the Comptroller General of
    the United States shall review such strategy and, as appropriate, issue
    recommendations.
    SEC. 1976. SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAM.
        (a) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program to
    promote surface transportation security through the training of surface
    transportation operators and frontline employees on each of the skills
    identified in subsection (c).
        (b) Application.--The program established under subsection (a)
    shall apply to all modes of surface transportation, including public
    transportation, rail, highway, motor carrier, and pipeline.
        (c) Training.--The program established under subsection (a) shall
    cover, at a minimum, the skills necessary to recognize, assess, and
    respond to suspicious items or actions that could indicate a threat to
    transportation.
        (d) Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct an assessment
        of current training programs for surface transportation operators
        and frontline employees.
            (2) Contents.--The assessment shall identify--
                (A) whether other training is being provided, either
            voluntarily or in response to other Federal requirements; and
                (B) whether there are any gaps in existing training.
        (e) Updates.--The Administrator shall ensure the program
    established under subsection (a) is updated as necessary to address
    changes in risk and terrorist methods and to close any gaps identified
    in the assessment under subsection (d).
        (f) Suspicious Activity Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain a national
        telephone number for an individual to use to report suspicious
        activity under this section to the Administration.
            (2) Procedures.--The Administrator shall establish procedures
        for the Administration--
                (A) to review and follow-up, as necessary, on each report
            received under paragraph (1); and
                (B) to share, as necessary and in accordance with law, the
            report with appropriate Federal, State, local, and tribal
            entities.
            (3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be
        construed to--
                (A) replace or affect in any way the use of 9-1-1 services
            in an emergency; or
                (B) replace or affect in any way the security training
            program requirements specified in sections 1408, 1517, and 1534
            of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act
            of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1137, 1167, 1184).
        (g) Definition of Frontline Employee.--In this section, the term
    ``frontline employee'' includes--
            (1) an employee of a public transportation agency who is a
        transit vehicle driver or operator, dispatcher, maintenance and
        maintenance support employee, station attendant, customer service
        employee, security employee, or transit police, or any other
        employee who has direct contact with riders on a regular basis, and
        any other employee of a public transportation agency that the
        Administrator determines should receive security training under
        this section or that is receiving security training under other
        law;
            (2) over-the-road bus drivers, security personnel, dispatchers,
        maintenance and maintenance support personnel, ticket agents, other
        terminal employees, and other employees of an over-the-road bus
        operator or terminal owner or operator that the Administrator
        determines should receive security training under this section or
        that is receiving security training under other law; or
            (3) security personnel, dispatchers, locomotive engineers,
        conductors, trainmen, other onboard employees, maintenance and
        maintenance support personnel, bridge tenders, and any other
        employees of railroad carriers that the Administrator determines
        should receive security training under this section or that is
        receiving security training under other law.
    SEC. 1977. VOLUNTARY USE OF CREDENTIALING.
        (a) In General.--An applicable individual who is subject to
    credentialing or a background investigation may satisfy that
    requirement by obtaining a valid transportation security card.
        (b) Issuance of Cards.--The Secretary of Homeland Security--
            (1) shall expand the transportation security card program,
        consistent with section 70105 of title 46, United States Code, to
        allow an applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a
        background investigation to apply for a transportation security
        card; and
            (2) may charge reasonable fees, in accordance with section
        520(a) of the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act,
        2004 (6 U.S.C. 469(a)), for providing the necessary credentialing
        and background investigation.
        (c) Vetting.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a plan
    to utilize, in addition to any background check required for initial
    issue, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service and other
    vetting tools as appropriate, including the No-Fly and Selectee lists,
    to get immediate notification of any criminal activity relating to any
    person with a valid transportation security card.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a
        background investigation.--The term ``applicable individual who is
        subject to credentialing or a background investigation'' means only
        an individual who--
                (A) because of employment is regulated by the
            Transportation Security Administration, Department of
            Transportation, or Coast Guard and is required to have a
            background records check to obtain a hazardous materials
            endorsement on a commercial driver's license issued by a State
            under section 5103a of title 49, United States Code; or
                (B) is required to have a credential and background records
            check under section 2102(d)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of
            2002 (6 U.S.C. 622(d)(2)) at a facility with activities that
            are regulated by the Transportation Security Administration,
            Department of Transportation, or Coast Guard.
            (2) Valid transportation security card.--The term ``valid
        transportation security card'' means a transportation security card
        that is--
                (A) issued under section 70105 of title 46, United States
            Code;
                (B) not expired;
                (C) shows no signs of tampering; and
                (D) bears a photograph of the individual representing such
            card.
    SEC. 1978. BACKGROUND RECORDS CHECKS FOR ISSUANCE OF HAZMAT LICENSES.
        (a) Issuance of Licenses.--Section 5103a(a)(1) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``unless'' and inserting ``unless--'';
            (2) by striking ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'' and
        inserting the following:
                ``(A) ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'';'';
            (3) in subparagraph (A), as designated by paragraph (2) of this
        subsection, by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
        or''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(B) the individual holds a valid transportation security
            card issued under section 70105 of title 46.''.
        (b) Transportation Security Card.--Section 5103a(d)(1) is amended,
    in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``described in
    subsection (a)(1)'' and inserting ``under subsection (a)(1)(A)''.
    SEC. 1979. CARGO CONTAINER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.
        (a) Designations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 5
        years thereafter until the date of full-scale implementation of 100
        percent screening of cargo containers and 100 percent scanning of
        high-risk containers required under section 232 of the SAFE Port
        Act (6 U.S.C. 982), the Secretary shall solicit proposals for
        scanning technologies, consistent with the standards under
        subsection (b)(8) of that section, to improve scanning of cargo at
        domestic ports.
            (2) Evaluation.--In soliciting proposals under paragraph (1),
        the Secretary shall establish measures to assess the performance of
        the proposed scanning technologies, including--
                (A) the rate of false positives;
                (B) the delays in processing times; and
                (C) the impact on the supply chain.
        (b) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary may establish a pilot program
        to determine the efficacy of a scanning technology referred to in
        subsection (a).
            (2) Application process.--In carrying out the pilot program
        under this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                (A) solicit applications from domestic ports;
                (B) select up to 4 domestic ports to participate in the
            pilot program; and
                (C) select ports with unique features and differing levels
            of trade volume.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating a pilot
        program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the pilot program,
        including--
                (A) an evaluation of the scanning technologies proposed to
            improve security at domestic ports and to meet the full-scale
            implementation requirement;
                (B) the costs to implement a pilot program;
                (C) the benefits of the proposed scanning technologies;
                (D) the impact of the pilot program on the supply chain;
            and
                (E) recommendations for implementation of advanced cargo
            scanning technologies at domestic ports.
            (4) Sharing pilot program testing results.--The results of the
        pilot testing of advanced cargo scanning technologies shall be
        shared, as appropriate, with government agencies and private
        stakeholders whose responsibilities encompass the secure transport
        of cargo.
    SEC. 1980. PIPELINE SECURITY STUDY.
        (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
    conduct a study regarding the roles and responsibilities of the
    Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation
    with respect to pipeline security.
        (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall examine--
            (1) whether the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding
        executed on August 9, 2006, between the Department of Homeland
        Security and the Department of Transportation adequately delineates
        strategic and operational responsibilities for pipeline security,
        including whether it is clear which department is responsible for--
                (A) protecting against intentional pipeline breaches and
            cyber attacks;
                (B) responding to intentional pipeline breaches and cyber
            attacks; and
                (C) planning to recover from the impact of intentional
            pipeline breaches and cyber attacks;
            (2) whether the respective roles and responsibilities of each
        department are adequately conveyed to relevant stakeholders and to
        the public;
            (3) whether the processes and procedures for determining
        whether a particular pipeline breach is a terrorist incident are
        clear and effective;
            (4) whether, and if so how, pipeline sector stakeholders share
        security-related information;
            (5) the guidance pipeline operators report use to address
        security risks and the extent to which the TSA ensures its
        guidelines reflect the current threat environment;
            (6) the extent to which the TSA has assessed security risks to
        pipeline systems; and
            (7) the extent to which the TSA has assessed its effectiveness
        in reducing pipeline security risks.
        (c) Report on Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Comptroller General of the
    United States shall submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a
    report containing the findings of the study under subsection (a).
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the date the
    report under subsection (c) is submitted, the Secretary of Homeland
    Security shall review and analyze the study and submit to the Committee
    on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
    Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on such review
    and analysis, including any recommendations for--
            (1) changes to the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding
        referred to in subsection (b)(1); and
            (2) other improvements to pipeline security activities at the
        Department.
    SEC. 1981. FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT.
        (a) Emerging Issues.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator
    and in coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology
    of the Department of Homeland Security, shall submit to the appropriate
    committees of Congress a feasibility assessment of modifying the
    security of surface transportation assets by--
            (1) introducing next generation technologies to be integrated
        into systems of surface transportation assets to detect explosives,
        including through the deployment of mobile explosives detection
        technologies to conduct risk-based passenger and property screening
        at such systems;
            (2) providing surface transportation asset operators with
        access to the Transportation Security Administration's Secure
        Flight Program or a similar passenger vetting system maintained by
        the Transportation Security Administration;
            (3) deploying a credential authentication technology or other
        means of identification document inspection to high-risk surface
        transportation assets to assist operators conducting passenger
        vetting; and
            (4) deploying scalable, cost-effective technology solutions to
        detect chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive
        threats within high-risk surface transportation assets that are
        capable of passive, continuous, and real-time sensing and detection
        of, and alerting passengers and operating personnel to, the
        presence of such a threat.
        (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the assessment under
    subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in
    coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the
    Department of Homeland Security, shall address the technological,
    privacy, operational, passenger facilitation, and public acceptance
    considerations involved with each security measure contemplated in such
    assessment.
    SEC. 1982. BEST PRACTICES TO SECURE AGAINST VEHICLE-BASED ATTACKS.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Administrator shall disseminate best practices to public and
    private stakeholders regarding how to enhance transportation security
    against the threat of a vehicle-based terrorist attack.
    SEC. 1983. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION STAKEHOLDER SURVEY.
        (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall begin conducting a survey of
    public and private stakeholders responsible for securing surface
    transportation assets regarding resource challenges, including the
    availability of Federal funding, associated with securing such assets
    that provides an opportunity for respondents to set forth information
    on specific unmet needs.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 120 days after beginning the survey
    required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall report to the
    appropriate committees of Congress regarding the results of such survey
    and the Department of Homeland Security's efforts to address any
    identified security vulnerabilities.
    SEC. 1984. NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY.
        The Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National
    Institute of Standards and Technology and the head of each relevant
    Federal department or agency researching nuclear material detection
    systems or explosive detection systems, shall research, facilitate,
    and, to the extent practicable, deploy next generation technologies,
    including active neutron interrogation, to detect nuclear material and
    explosives in transportation systems and transportation facilities.

                      Subtitle H--Transportation Security

    SEC. 1985. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY REVIEW.
        (a) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
        shall evaluate the degree to which the most recent National
        Strategy for Transportation Security, as updated, under section
        114(s) of title 49, United States Code, is reflected in relevant
        Federal transportation security programs, budgets, research,
        staffing levels, and related activities.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the evaluation under
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall consider the degree to
        which--
                (A) the strategy is sufficiently forward-looking to guide
            future Federal efforts relating to transportation security;
                (B) Federal transportation security programs, budgets,
            research, staffing levels, and related activities for fiscal
            year 2019 and subsequent fiscal years would be guided by the
            strategy; and
                (C) any annual progress reports submitted to Congress under
            that section after the strategy is submitted would provide
            information on the degree to which that strategy guides Federal
            efforts relating to transportation security.
    SEC. 1986. RISK SCENARIOS.
        (a) In General.--The Administrator shall annually develop,
    consistent with the transportation modal security plans required under
    section 114(s) of title 49, United States Code, risk-based priorities
    based on risk assessments conducted or received by the Secretary across
    all transportation modes that consider threats, vulnerabilities, and
    consequences.
        (b) Scenarios.--The Administrator shall ensure that the risk-based
    priorities identified under subsection (a) are informed by an analysis
    of terrorist attack scenarios for each transportation mode, including
    cyber-attack scenarios and intelligence and open source information
    about current and evolving threats.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date that annual
    risk-based priorities are developed under subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
    report that includes the following:
            (1) Copies of the risk assessments for each transportation
        mode.
            (2) A summary that ranks the risks within and across modes.
            (3) A description of the risk-based priorities for securing the
        transportation sector that identifies and prioritizes the greatest
        security needs of such transportation sector, both across and
        within modes, in the order that such priorities should be
        addressed.
            (4) Information on the underlying methodologies used to assess
        risks across and within each transportation mode and the basis for
        any assumptions regarding threats, vulnerabilities, and
        consequences made in assessing and prioritizing risks within each
        such mode and across modes.
        (d) Classification.--The information provided under subsection (c)
    may be submitted in a classified format or unclassified format, as the
    Administrator considers appropriate.
    SEC. 1987. INTEGRATED AND UNIFIED OPERATIONS CENTERS.
        (a) Framework.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other
    appropriate offices or components of the Department, shall make
    available to public and private stakeholders a framework for
    establishing an integrated and unified operations center responsible
    for overseeing daily operations of a transportation facility that
    promotes coordination for responses to terrorism, serious incidents,
    and other purposes, as determined appropriate by the Administrator.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of
    Congress regarding the establishment and activities of integrated and
    unified operations centers at transportation facilities at which the
    TSA has a presence.
    SEC. 1988. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT FORCE.
        (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449, as amended by
    section 1943 of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:
    ``SEC. 44948. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OFFICE.
        ``(a) Establishment.--There is established within the
    Transportation Security Administration a National Deployment Office, to
    be headed by an individual with supervisory experience. Such individual
    shall be designated by the Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration.
        ``(b) Duties.--The individual designated as the head of the
    National Deployment Office shall be responsible for the following:
            ``(1) Maintaining a National Deployment Force within the
        Transportation Security Administration, including transportation
        security officers, supervisory transportation security officers and
        lead transportation security officers, to provide the
        Administration with rapid and efficient response capabilities and
        augment the Department of Homeland Security's homeland security
        operations to mitigate and reduce risk, including for the
        following:
                ``(A) Airports temporarily requiring additional security
            personnel due to an emergency, seasonal demands, hiring
            shortfalls, severe weather conditions, passenger volume
            mitigation, equipment support, or other reasons.
                ``(B) Special events requiring enhanced security including
            National Special Security Events, as determined by the
            Secretary of Homeland Security.
                ``(C) Response in the aftermath of any manmade disaster,
            including any terrorist attack.
                ``(D) Other such situations, as determined by the
            Administrator.
            ``(2) Educating transportation security officers regarding how
        to participate in the Administration's National Deployment Force.
            ``(3) Recruiting officers to serve on the National Deployment
        Force, in accordance with a staffing model to be developed by the
        Administrator.
            ``(4) Approving 1-year appointments for officers to serve on
        the National Deployment Force, with an option to extend upon
        officer request and with the approval of the appropriate Federal
        Security Director.
            ``(5) Training officers to serve on the National Deployment
        Force.''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter II of
    chapter 449, as amended by section 1943 of this Act, is further amended
    by adding after the item relating to section 44947 the following:

    ``44948. National Deployment Office.''.

        (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 114(f), as amended by section
    1904 of this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in paragraph (14), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon
        at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (15) as paragraph (16); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following:
            ``(15) establish and maintain a National Deployment Office as
        required under section 44948 of this title; and''.
        (d) Career Development.--The Administrator may consider service in
    the National Deployment Force as a positive factor when evaluating
    applicants for promotion opportunities within the TSA.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator shall
    submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report regarding
    activities of the National Deployment Office, including the National
    Deployment Force, established under section 44948 of title 49, United
    States Code. Each such report shall include information relating to the
    following:
            (1) When, where, why, how many, and for how long the National
        Deployment Force was deployed throughout the 12-month period
        covered by such report and the costs associated with such
        deployment.
            (2) A description of collaboration between the National
        Deployment Office and other components of the Department, other
        Federal agencies, and State and local transportation security
        stakeholders.
            (3) The size of the National Deployment Force, including
        information on the staffing model of the National Deployment Force
        and adherence to such model as established by the Administrator.
            (4) Information on recruitment, appointment, and training
        activities, including processes utilized to attract, recruit,
        appoint, and train officers to serve on the National Deployment
        Force.
    SEC. 1989. INFORMATION SHARING AND CYBERSECURITY.
        (a) Federal Security Directors.--Section 44933 is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(c) Information Sharing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    the enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) require each Federal Security Director of an airport to
        meet at least quarterly with the airport director, airport security
        coordinator, and law enforcement agencies serving each such airport
        to discuss incident management protocols, including the resolution
        of screening anomalies at passenger screening checkpoints; and
            ``(2) require each Federal Security Director at an airport to
        inform, consult, and coordinate, as appropriate, with the
        respective airport security coordinator in a timely manner on
        security matters impacting airport operations and to establish and
        maintain operational protocols with such airport operators to
        ensure coordinated responses to security matters.''.
        (b) Plan to Improve Information Sharing.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a plan to
        improve intelligence information sharing with State and local
        transportation entities that includes best practices to ensure that
        the information shared is actionable, useful, and not redundant.
            (2) Contents.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall
        include the following:
                (A) The incorporation of best practices for information
            sharing.
                (B) The identification of areas of overlap and redundancy.
                (C) An evaluation and incorporation of stakeholder input in
            the development of such plan.
                (D) The integration of any recommendations of the
            Comptroller General of the United States on information
            sharing.
            (3) Solicitation.--The Administrator shall solicit on an annual
        basis input from appropriate stakeholders, including State and
        local transportation entities, on the quality and quantity of
        intelligence received by such stakeholders relating to information
        sharing.
        (c) Best Practices Sharing.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a
        mechanism to share with State and local transportation entities
        best practices from across the law enforcement spectrum, including
        Federal, State, local, and tribal entities, that relate to employee
        training, employee professional development, technology development
        and deployment, hardening tactics, and passenger and employee
        awareness programs.
            (2) Consultation.--The Administrator shall solicit and
        incorporate stakeholder input--
                (A) in developing the mechanism for sharing best practices
            as required under paragraph (1); and
                (B) not less frequently than annually on the quality and
            quantity of information such stakeholders receive through the
            mechanism established under such paragraph.
        (d) Cybersecurity.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with the
        Secretary, shall--
                (A) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of
            this Act, implement the Framework for Improving Critical
            Infrastructure Cybersecurity (referred to in this section as
            the ``Framework'' developed by the National Institute of
            Standards and Technology, and any update to such Framework
            under section 2 of the National Institute of Standards and
            Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272), to manage the agency's
            cybersecurity risks; and
                (B) evaluate, on a periodic basis, but not less often than
            biennially, the use of the Framework under subparagraph (A).
            (2) Cybersecurity enhancements to aviation security
        activities.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
        Transportation, shall, upon request, conduct cybersecurity
        vulnerability assessments for airports and air carriers.
            (3) TSA trusted traveler and credentialing program cyber
        evaluation.--
                (A) Evaluation required.--Not later than 120 days after the
            date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                    (i) evaluate the cybersecurity of TSA trusted traveler
                and credentialing programs that contain personal
                information of specific individuals or information that
                identifies specific individuals, including the
                Transportation Worker Identification Credential and
                PreCheck programs;
                    (ii) identify any cybersecurity risks under the
                programs described in clause (i); and
                    (iii) develop remediation plans to address the
                cybersecurity risks identified under clause (ii).
                (B) Submission to congress.--Not later than 30 days after
            the date the evaluation under subparagraph (A) is complete, the
            Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of
            Congress information relating to such evaluation, including any
            cybersecurity vulnerabilities identified and remediation plans
            to address such vulnerabilities. Such submission shall be
            provided in a classified form.
            (4) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms ``cybersecurity
        risk'' and ``incident'' have the meanings given the terms in
        section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 148).
    SEC. 1990. SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES TIED TO FOREIGN THREAT COUNTRIES.
        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an
    assessment of terrorist and other threats to the transportation sector,
    including surface transportation assets, posed by the use of security
    technologies, including software and networked technologies, developed
    or manufactured by firms that are owned or closely linked to the
    governments of countries that are known to pose a cyber or homeland
    security threat.

              Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

    SEC. 1991. TITLE 49 AMENDMENTS.
        (a) Deletion of Duties Related to Aviation Security.--Section
    106(g) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(g) Duties and Powers of Administrator.--The Administrator shall
    carry out the following:
            ``(1) Duties and powers of the Secretary of Transportation
        under subsection (f) of this section related to aviation safety
        (except those related to transportation, packaging, marking, or
        description of hazardous material) and stated in the following:
                ``(A) Section 308(b).
                ``(B) Subsections (c) and (d) of section 1132.
                ``(C) Sections 40101(c), 40103(b), 40106(a), 40108,
            40109(b), 40113(a), 40113(c), 40113(d), 40113(e), and 40114(a).
                ``(D) Chapter 445, except sections 44501(b), 44502(a)(2),
            44502(a)(3), 44502(a)(4), 44503, 44506, 44509, 44510, 44514,
            and 44515.
                ``(E) Chapter 447, except sections 44717, 44718(a),
            44718(b), 44719, 44720, 44721(b), 44722, and 44723.
                ``(F) Chapter 451.
                ``(G) Chapter 453.
                ``(H) Section 46104.
                ``(I) Subsections (d) and (h)(2) of section 46301 and
            sections 46303(c), 46304 through 46308, 46310, 46311, and 46313
            through 46316.
                ``(J) Chapter 465.
                ``(K) Sections 47504(b) (related to flight procedures),
            47508(a), and 48107.
            ``(2) Additional duties and powers prescribed by the Secretary
        of Transportation.''.
        (b) Transportation Security Oversight Board.--Section 115 is
    amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary of
        Transportation for security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(6), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and
        inserting ``Administrator''.
        (c) Chapter 401 Amendments.--Chapter 401 is amended--
            (1) in section 40109--
                (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``, 40119, 44901, 44903,
            44906, and 44935-44937''; and
                (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``sections 44909 and''
            and inserting ``sections 44909(a), 44909(b), and'';
            (2) in section 40113--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``the Under Secretary of Transportation
                for Security with respect to security duties and powers
                designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or''
                and inserting ``the Administrator of the Transportation
                Security Administration with respect to security duties and
                powers designated to be carried out by that Administrator
                or'';
                    (ii) by striking ``carried out by the Administrator''
                and inserting ``carried out by that Administrator''; and
                    (iii) by striking ``, Under Secretary, or
                Administrator,'' and inserting ``, Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration, or Administrator of
                the Federal Aviation Administration,''; and
                (B) in subsection (d)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security or the'';
                    (ii) by striking ``Transportation Security
                Administration or Federal Aviation Administration, as the
                case may be,'' and inserting ``Federal Aviation
                Administration''; and
                    (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary or Administrator,
                as the case may be,'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (3) by striking section 40119; and
            (4) in the table of contents, by striking the item relating to
        section 40119 and inserting the following:

    ``40119. [Reserved].''.

        (d) Chapter 449 Amendments.--Chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in section 44901--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``, United States Code'';
                (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``but not later than the
            60th day following the date of enactment of the Aviation and
            Transportation Security Act'';
                (C) in subsection (d)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                    Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (II) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``no later
                    than December 31, 2002'';

                    (ii) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                    (iii) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (2);
                and
                    (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Assistant
                    Secretary (Transportation Security Administration)''
                    and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
                    Security Administration'';
                        (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant
                    Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (III) in subparagraph (D)--

                            (aa) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the
                        first place it appears and inserting
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                        Administration''; and
                            (bb) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the
                        second place it appears and inserting
                        ``Administrator'';
                (D) in subsection (e)--
                    (i) in that matter preceding paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking ``but not later than the 60th day
                    following the date of enactment of the Aviation and
                    Transportation Security Act''; and
                        (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting
                    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                    Administration''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Under Secretary''
                and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (E) in subsection (f), by striking ``after the date of
            enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act'';
                (F) in subsection (g)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 3
                years after the date of enactment of the Implementing
                Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, the''
                and inserting ``The'';
                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``as follows:'' and
                all that follows and inserting a period;
                    (iii) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Regulations.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall
        issue a final rule as a permanent regulation to implement this
        subsection in accordance with the provisions of chapter 5 of title
        5.'';
                    (iv) by striking paragraph (4); and
                    (v) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4);
                (G) in subsection (h)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary''
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
                Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                        (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place
                    it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it
                    appears and inserting ``Administrator'';

                (H) in subsection (i)--
                    (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
                ``Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Under Secretary''
                and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (I) in subsection (j)(1)--
                    (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                striking ``Before January 1, 2008, the'' and inserting
                ``The''; and
                    (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the date of
                enactment of this subsection'' and inserting ``August 3,
                2007'';
                (J) in subsection (k)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than one
                year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the''
                and inserting ``The'';
                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Not later than 6
                months after the date of enactment of this subsection,
                the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                    (iii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Not later than
                180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection,
                the'' in paragraph (3) and inserting ``The''; and
                (K) in subsection (l)--
                    (i) in paragraph (2)--

                        (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Beginning June 1, 2012, the Assistant
                    Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security
                    Administration)'' and inserting ``The Administrator of
                    the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant
                    Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator'';

                    (ii) in paragraph (3)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A)--

                            (aa) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the
                        first place it appears and inserting
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                        Administration''; and
                            (bb) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the
                        second place it appears and inserting
                        ``Administrator''; and

                        (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant
                    Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and

                    (iii) in paragraph (4)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A)--

                            (aa) by striking ``60 days after the deadline
                        specified in paragraph (2), and not later than'';
                            (bb) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the
                        first place it appears and inserting
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                        Administration''; and
                            (cc) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' the
                        second place it appears and inserting
                        ``Administrator''; and

                        (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Assistant
                    Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting
                    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                    Administration'';

            (2) section 44902 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of
            the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and
            inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (3) section 44903 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in the heading, by striking ``Definition'' and
                inserting ``Definitions'';
                    (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as
                subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively;
                    (iii) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, by striking
                ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and
                inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (iv) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), as
                redesignated, by striking ``In this section, `law
                enforcement personnel' means individuals--'' and inserting
                ``In this section:'';
                    (v) by inserting before subparagraph (A), the
                following:
            ``(2) Law enforcement personnel.--The term `law enforcement
        personnel' means individuals--''; and
                    (vi) by inserting before paragraph (2), as
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
                (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``Secretary of
            Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (C) in subsection (g), by striking ``Under Secretary's''
            each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator's'';
                (D) in subsection (h)--
                    (i) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Secretary'' and
                inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
                    (ii) in paragraph (4)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``, as soon as
                    practicable after the date of enactment of this
                    subsection,'';
                        (II) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``section
                    44903(c)'' and inserting ``subsection (c)''; and
                        (III) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``, not
                    later than March 31, 2005,'';

                    (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``Assistant
                Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security
                Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (iv) in paragraph (6)(A)--

                        (I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking
                    ``Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
                    of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11
                    Commission Act of 2007, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                    and
                        (II) in clause (i), by striking ``section'' and
                    inserting ``paragraph''; and

                    (v) in paragraph (6)(C), by striking ``Secretary'' and
                inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
                (E) in subsection (i)(3), by striking ``, after the date of
            enactment of this paragraph,'';
                (F) in subsection (j)--
                    (i) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall periodically
        recommend to airport operators commercially available measures or
        procedures to prevent access to secure airport areas by
        unauthorized persons.'';
                    (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                        (I) in the heading, by striking ``Computer-assisted
                    passenger prescreening system'' and inserting ``Secure
                    flight program'';
                        (II) in subparagraph (A)--

                            (aa) by striking ``Computer-Assisted Passenger
                        Prescreening System'' and inserting ``Secure Flight
                        program'';
                            (bb) by striking ``Secretary of
                        Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                        and
                            (cc) by striking ``system'' each place it
                        appears and inserting ``program'';

                        (III) in subparagraph (B)--

                            (aa) by striking ``Computer-Assisted Passenger
                        Prescreening System'' and inserting ``Secure Flight
                        program'';
                            (bb) by striking ``Secretary of
                        Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                        and
                            (cc) by striking ``Secretary'' and inserting
                        ``Administrator'';

                        (IV) in subparagraph (C)--

                            (aa) in clause (i), by striking ``Not later
                        than January 1, 2005, the Assistant Secretary of
                        Homeland Security (Transportation Security
                        Administration), or the designee of the Assistant
                        Secretary,'' and inserting ``The Administrator'';
                            (bb) in clause (ii), by striking ``Not later
                        than 180 days after completion of testing under
                        clause (i), the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                            (cc) in clause (iv), by striking ``Not later
                        than 180 days after'' and inserting ``After'';

                        (V) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``Assistant
                    Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security
                    Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                        (VI) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking ``Not
                    later than 90 days after the date on which the
                    Assistant Secretary assumes the performance of the
                    advanced passenger prescreening function under
                    subparagraph (C)(ii), the'' and inserting ``The
                    Administrator''; and
                        (VII) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each
                    place it appears and inserting ``Administrator'';

                (G) in subsection (l), by striking ``Under Secretary for
            Border and Transportation Security of the Department of
            Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (H) in subsection (m)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary
                of Homeland Security (Transportation Security
                Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (4) section 44904 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of
            the Transportation Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (c)--
                    (i) by striking ``section 114(t)(3)'' and inserting
                ``section 114(s)(3)''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)'' and inserting
                ``section 114(s)'';
                (C) in subsection (d)--
                    (i) by striking ``Not later than 90 days after the date
                of the submission of the National Strategy for
                Transportation Security under section 114(t)(4)(A), the
                Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation
                Security Administration)'' and inserting ``The
                Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)(1)'' and inserting
                ``section 114(s)(1)''; and
                (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (5) section 44905 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' and
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Secretary.'' and inserting
                ``Administrator.'';
                (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary of
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of
            the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (C) in subsections (c), (d), and (f), by striking ``Under
            Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator
            of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (6) section 44906 is amended--
                (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
            Security Administration''; and
                (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (7) section 44908 is amended--
                (A) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' each place
            it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
            Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``safety or''; and
                (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``The Secretary'' and
            inserting ``The Administrator'';
            (8) section 44909 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later than
            March 16, 1991, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                (B) in subsection (c)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 60
                days after the date of enactment of the Aviation and
                Transportation Security Act, each'' and inserting ``Each'';
                    (ii) in paragraphs (2)(F) and (5), by striking ``Under
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (iii) in paragraph (6)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not later
                    than 60 days after date of enactment of this paragraph,
                    the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                        (II) in subparagraph (B)(ii)--

                            (aa) by striking ``the Secretary will'' and
                        inserting ``the Secretary of Homeland Security
                        will''; and
                            (bb) by striking ``the Secretary to'' and
                        inserting ``the Secretary of Homeland Security
                        to'';
            (9) section 44911 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary of
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of
            the Transportation Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``request of the
            Secretary'' and inserting ``request of the Secretary of
            Homeland Security''; and
                (C) in subsection (e)--
                    (i) by striking ``Secretary, and the Under Secretary''
                and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security, and the
                Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``intelligence community and the Under
                Secretary'' and inserting ``intelligence community and the
                Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration'';
            (10) section 44912 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation
                    for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                        (II) by striking ``, not later than November 16,
                    1993,''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ``Research,
                Engineering and Development Advisory Committee'' and
                inserting ``Administrator'';
                (B) in subsection (c)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``, as a subcommittee
                of the Research, Engineering, and Development Advisory
                Committee,''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not later than 90
                days after the date of the enactment of the Aviation and
                Transportation Security Act, and every two years
                thereafter,'' and inserting ``Biennially,'';
                (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (D) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Security and Research and Development Activities.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct research
        (including behavioral research) and development activities
        appropriate to develop, modify, test, and evaluate a system,
        procedure, facility, or device to protect passengers and property
        against acts of criminal violence, aircraft piracy, and terrorism
        and to ensure security.
            ``(2) Disclosure.--
                ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552 of title 5,
            the Administrator shall prescribe regulations prohibiting
            disclosure of information obtained or developed in ensuring
            security under this title if the Secretary of Homeland Security
            decides disclosing the information would--
                    ``(i) be an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
                    ``(ii) reveal a trade secret or privileged or
                confidential commercial or financial information; or
                    ``(iii) be detrimental to transportation safety.
                ``(B) Information to congress.--Subparagraph (A) does not
            authorize information to be withheld from a committee of
            Congress authorized to have the information.
                ``(C) Rule of construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (A)
            shall be construed to authorize the designation of information
            as sensitive security information (as defined in section 15.5
            of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations)--
                    ``(i) to conceal a violation of law, inefficiency, or
                administrative error;
                    ``(ii) to prevent embarrassment to a person,
                organization, or agency;
                    ``(iii) to restrain competition; or
                    ``(iv) to prevent or delay the release of information
                that does not require protection in the interest of
                transportation security, including basic scientific
                research information not clearly related to transportation
                security.
                ``(D) Privacy act.--Section 552a of title 5 shall not apply
            to disclosures that the Administrator of the Transportation
            Security Administration may make from the systems of records of
            the Transportation Security Administration to any Federal law
            enforcement, intelligence, protective service, immigration, or
            national security official in order to assist the official
            receiving the information in the performance of official
            duties.
            ``(3) Transfers of duties and powers prohibited.--Except as
        otherwise provided by law, the Administrator may not transfer a
        duty or power under this section to another department, agency, or
        instrumentality of the United States Government.
        ``(e) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term
    `Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration.'';
            (11) section 44913 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator
                of the Transportation Security Administration (referred to
                in this section as `the Administrator')'';
                    (ii) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                    (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Secretary of
            Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (12) section 44914 is amended--
                (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
            Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
            Security Administration'';
                (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (C) by inserting ``the Department of Transportation,''
            before ``air carriers, airport authorities, and others'';
            (13) section 44915 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary of
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (14) section 44916 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of
            the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place it
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
                Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the second place
                it appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (15) section 44917 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
                ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``by the Secretary''
                and inserting ``by the Administrator'';
                (B) in subsection (d)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary
                for Immigration and Customs Enforcement of the Department
                of Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Assistant
                Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration'';
            (16) section 44918 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking ``Under Secretary
                for Border and Transportation Security of the Department of
                Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not later than one
                year after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--Century
                of Aviation Reauthorization Act, the'' and inserting
                ``The''; and
                    (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``the date of
                enactment of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation
                Reauthorization Act'' and inserting ``December 12, 2003,'';
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than one
                year after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--Century
                of Aviation Reauthorization Act, the'' and inserting
                ``The''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Federal Air
                Marshals Service'' and inserting ``Federal Air Marshal
                Service''; and
                (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (17) section 44920 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``subsection (a) or
            section 44919'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''; and
                (B) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term
    `Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration.'';
            (18) section 44922 is amended--
                (A) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and
            inserting ``Deputization'';
                (B) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and
                inserting ``Deputization''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation
                for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                (C) in subsection (e), by striking ``deputation'' and
            inserting ``deputization''; and
                (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (19) section 44923 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary for
            Border and Transportation Security of the Department of
            Homeland Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
            Transportation Security Administration'';
                (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
                (C) in subsection (e)--
                    (i) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (ii) by striking ``(1) In general.--''; and
                (D) by striking subsection (j);
            (20) section 44924 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary for Border and
                Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Administrator under'' and inserting
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
                under'';
                (B) in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f), by striking
            ``Administrator'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration'';
                (C) in subsection (f), by striking ``Not later than 240
            days after the date of enactment of this section, the'' and
            inserting ``The''; and
                (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (21) section 44925 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``Not later than 90
            days after the date of enactment of this section, the Assistant
            Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security
            Administration)'' and inserting ``The Administrator of the
            Transportation Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (3); and
                (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``Assistant Secretary''
            each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the
            Transportation Security Administration'';
            (22) section 44926(b)(3) is amended by striking ``an
        misidentified passenger'' and inserting ``a misidentified
        passenger'';
            (23) section 44927 is amended--
                (A) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
            Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``Veteran Affairs'' and
            inserting ``Veterans Affairs''; and
                (C) in subsection (f)--
                    (i) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and
                inserting ``Reports''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date
                of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter,''
                and inserting ``Each year,'';
            (24) section 44933 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (ii) by striking ``Federal Security Manager'' and
                inserting ``Federal Security Director''; and
                    (iii) by striking ``Managers'' each place it appears
                and inserting ``Federal Security Directors'';
                (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Manager'' and
            inserting ``Federal Security Director''; and
                (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (25) section 44934 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (ii) by striking ``airports. In coordination with the
                Secretary'' and inserting ``airports. In coordination with
                the Secretary of State'';
                    (iii) by striking ``The Secretary shall give high
                priority'' and inserting ``The Secretary of State shall
                give high priority''; and
                    (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
                ``Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary''
                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``the Secretary and the
            chief'' and inserting ``the Secretary of State and the chief'';
            (26) section 44935 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of
            Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (B) in subsection (e)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting
                ``Administrator''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (2)(A)--

                        (I) in the matter preceding clause (i)--

                            (aa) by striking ``Within 30 days after the
                        date of enactment of the Aviation and
                        Transportation Security Act, the'' and inserting
                        ``The''; and
                            (bb) by inserting ``other'' before ``provision
                        of law''; and

                        (II) in clause (ii), by striking ``section
                    1102(a)(22)'' and inserting ``section 101(a)(22)'';

                (C) in subsection (f)(1), by inserting ``other'' before
            ``provision of law'';
                (D) in subsection (g)(2), by striking ``Within 60 days
            after the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation
            Security Act, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                (E) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (F) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term
    `Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration.'';
            (27) section 44936 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security'' each place it appears and inserting
                ``Administrator'';
                    (ii) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``,,'' and
                    inserting a comma; and
                        (II) by striking subparagraph (C); and

                    (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph
                (C);
                (B) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary's''
            and inserting ``Administrator's'';
                (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                (D) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term
    `Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security
    Administration.'';
            (28) section 44937 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary of
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (29) section 44938 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' and
                inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
                (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (30) section 44939(d) is amended by striking ``Not later than
        60 days after the date of enactment of this section, the
        Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary of Homeland Security'';
            (31) section 44940 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation
                    for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (II) by striking the last two sentences; and

                    (ii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Determination of costs.--
                ``(A) In general.--The amount of the costs under paragraph
            (1) shall be determined by the Administrator of the
            Transportation Security Administration and shall not be subject
            to judicial review.
                ``(B) Definition of federal law enforcement personnel.--For
            purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term `Federal law enforcement
            personnel' includes State and local law enforcement officers
            who are deputized under section 44922.'';
                (B) in subsections (b), (d), (e), (g), and (h), by striking
            ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
                (C) in subsection (d)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking ``within 60 days of the date of
                    enactment of this Act, or''; and
                        (II) by striking ``thereafter''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection (d)''
                each place it appears and inserting ``paragraph (1) of this
                subsection'';
                (D) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``Fees payable to
            under secretary'' in the heading and inserting ``Fees payable
            to administrator''; and
                (E) in subsection (i)(4)--
                    (i) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (D); and
                    (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (L) as
                subparagraphs (A) through (H), respectively;
            (32) section 44941(a) is amended by inserting ``the Department
        of Homeland Security,'' after ``Department of Transportation,'';
            (33) section 44942 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Within 180 days after the date of enactment
                    of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the
                    Under Secretary for Transportation Security may, in
                    consultation with'' and inserting ``The Administrator
                    of the Transportation Security Administration may, in
                    consultation with other relevant Federal agencies
                    and''; and
                        (II) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``, and'' and
                    inserting ``; and''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting a comma after
                ``Federal Aviation Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) by striking ``(1) Performance plan and report.--'';
                    (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
                paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;
                    (iii) in paragraph (1), as redesignated--

                        (I) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as
                    subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                        (II) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated, by
                    striking ``the Secretary and the Under Secretary for
                    Transportation Security shall agree'' and inserting
                    ``the Secretary of Homeland Security and the
                    Administrator of the Transportation Security
                    Administration shall agree''; and
                        (III) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, by
                    striking ``the Secretary, the Under Secretary for
                    Transportation Security'' and inserting ``the Secretary
                    of Homeland Security, the Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration,''; and

                    (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated, by striking
                ``Under Secretary for Transportation Security'' and
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration'';
            (34) section 44943 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary for
            Transportation Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
            Transportation Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking ``Secretary and Under Secretary of
                    Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Secretary
                    of Homeland Security and Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting
                    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                    Administration''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (2)--

                        (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place
                    it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the
                    Transportation Security Administration''; and
                        (II) by striking ``Under Secretary shall'' each
                    place it appears and inserting ``Administrator shall'';
                    and

                (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``Aviation Security Act,
            the Under Secretary for Transportation Security'' and inserting
            ``Aviation and Transportation Security Act (Public Law 107-71;
            115 Stat. 597), the Administrator of the Transportation
            Security Administration'';
            (35) section 44944 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of
                Transportation for Transportation Security'' and inserting
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration''; and
                    (ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``the Administrator
                of the Federal Aviation Administration,'' after ``consult
                with''; and
                (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (36) section 44945(b) is amended by striking ``Assistant
        Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (37) section 44946 is amended--
                (A) in subsection (g)--
                    (i) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (ii) by redesignating paragraph (1) as paragraph (2);
                and
                    (iii) by inserting before paragraph (2), as
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
                (B) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
                (C) in subsection (b)(4)--
                    (i) by striking ``the Secretary receives'' and
                inserting ``the Administrator receives''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``the Secretary shall'' and inserting
                ``the Administrator shall''; and
                (D) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``Not later than
            180 days after the date of enactment of the Aviation Security
            Stakeholder Participation Act of 2014, the'' and inserting
            ``The''.
        (e) Chapter 451 Amendments.--Section 45107 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence.
        (f) Chapter 461 Amendments.--Chapter 461 is amended--
            (1) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a), 46103(a),
        46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking
        ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect to
        security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the
        Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
        Transportation Security Administration with respect to security
        duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator
        of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (2) in each of sections 46101, 46102(c), 46103, 46104, 46105,
        46107, and 46110 by striking ``or Administrator'' each place it
        appears and inserting ``or Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration'';
            (3) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a) 46103(a),
        46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking ``by
        the Administrator)'' and inserting ``by the Administrator of the
        Federal Aviation Administration)'';
            (4) in each of sections 46101, 46102, 46103, 46104, 46105,
        46107, and 46110 by striking ``Under Secretary,'' each place it
        appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
        Security Administration,'';
            (5) in section 46102--
                (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``the Administrator''
            each place it appears and inserting ``the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration'';
                (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``and Administrator''
            each place it appears and inserting ``and Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``the Administrator, or
            an officer or employee of the Administration'' in subsection
            (d) and inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration, or an officer or employee of the Federal
            Aviation Administration'';
            (6) in section 46104--
                (A) by striking ``subpena'' each place it appears and
            inserting ``subpoena''; and
                (B) in subsection (b)--
                    (i) in the heading, by striking ``Subpenas'' and
                inserting ``Subpoenas''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``the Administrator, or'' and
                inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                Administration, or'';
            (7) in section 46105(c), by striking ``When the Administrator''
        and inserting ``When the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
        Administration'';
            (8) in section 46109, by inserting ``(or the Administrator of
        the Transportation Security Administration with respect to security
        duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator
        of the Transportation Security Administration or the Administrator
        of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation
        safety duties and powers designated to be carried out by the
        Administrator)'' after ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (9) in section 46111--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) by inserting ``the'' before ``Federal Aviation
                Administration'';
                    (ii) by striking ``Administrator is'' and inserting
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
                is''; and
                    (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary for Border and
                Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                (B) in subsections (b), (c), (e), and (g), by striking
            ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration'';
                (C) in subsection (g)(2)(A), by striking ``(18 U.S.C.
            App.)'' and inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''; and
                (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration''.
        (g) Chapter 463 Amendments.--Chapter 463 is amended--
            (1) in section 46301--
                (A) in subsection (a)(5)--
                    (i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``or chapter
                451'' and inserting ``chapter 451''; and
                    (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of
                Transportation'' after ``Secretary'';
                (B) in subsection (d)--
                    (i) in paragraph (2)--

                        (I) by striking ``defined by the Secretary'' and
                    inserting ``defined by the Secretary of
                    Transportation''; and
                        (II) by striking ``Administrator shall'' and
                    inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration shall'';

                    (ii) in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8), by
                striking ``Administrator'' each place it appears and
                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                Administration''; and
                    (iii) in paragraph (8), by striking ``Under Secretary''
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
                Security Administration'';
                (C) in subsection (e), by inserting ``of Transportation''
            after ``Secretary'';
                (D) in subsection (g), by striking ``Administrator'' and
            inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration''; and
                (E) in subsection (h)(2)--
                    (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
                Security with respect to security duties and powers
                designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
                Administration with respect to security duties and powers
                designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (ii) by striking ``or the Administrator with respect to
                aviation safety duties and powers designated to be carried
                out by the Administrator'' and inserting ``or the
                Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration with
                respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to
                be carried out by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                Administration'';
            (2) in section 46304(b), by striking ``or the Administrator of
        the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety
        duties and powers designated to be carried out by the
        Administrator'' and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal
        Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and
        powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the
        Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (3) in section 46311--
                (A) in subsection (a)--
                    (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--

                        (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation
                    for Security with respect to security duties and powers
                    designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary''
                    and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation
                    Security Administration with respect to security duties
                    and powers designated to be carried out by the
                    Administrator of the Transportation Security
                    Administration'';
                        (II) by striking ``the Administrator of the Federal
                    Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety
                    duties and powers designated to be carried out by the
                    Administrator'' and inserting ``or the Administrator of
                    the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to
                    aviation safety duties and powers designated to be
                    carried out by the Administrator of the Federal
                    Aviation Administration'';
                        (III) by striking ``Administrator shall'' and
                    inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration shall''; and
                        (IV) by striking ``Administrator,'' and inserting
                    ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                    Administration,''; and

                    (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Administrator''
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation
                Administration'';
                (B) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking
            ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
            (4) in section 46313--
                (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
            Security with respect to security duties and powers designated
            to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting
            ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration
            with respect to security duties and powers designated to be
            carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration'';
                (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties
            and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator''
            and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and
            powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                (C) by striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''; and
            (5) in section 46316(a)--
                (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for
            Security with respect to security duties and powers designated
            to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting
            ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration
            with respect to security duties and powers designated to be
            carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security
            Administration''; and
                (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the Federal
            Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties
            and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator''
            and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
            Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and
            powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the
            Federal Aviation Administration''.
        (h) Chapter 465 Amendments.--Chapter 465 is amended--
            (1) in section 46505(d)(2), by striking ``Under Secretary of
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in the table of contents for chapter 465 of subtitle VII,
        by striking the following:

    ``46503. Repealed.''.

        (i) Chapter 483 Repeal.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 483 is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for subtitle
        VII is amended by striking the following:

    ``483. Aviation security funding................................48301''.

        (j) Authority To Exempt.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by
        inserting before section 44933 the following:
    ``Sec. 44931. Authority to exempt
        ``The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant an exemption from a
    regulation prescribed in carrying out sections 44901, 44903, 44906,
    44909(c), and 44935-44937 of this title when the Secretary decides the
    exemption is in the public interest.
    ``Sec. 44932. Administrative
        ``(a) General Authority.--The Secretary of Homeland Security or the
    Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may take
    action the Secretary or the Administrator considers necessary to carry
    out this chapter and chapters 461, 463, and 465 of this title,
    including conducting investigations, prescribing regulations,
    standards, and procedures, and issuing orders.
        ``(b) Indemnification.--The Administrator of the Transportation
    Security Administration may indemnify an officer or employee of the
    Transportation Security Administration against a claim or judgment
    arising out of an act that the Administrator decides was committed
    within the scope of the official duties of the officer or employee.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is
        amended by inserting before the item relating to section 44933 the
        following:

    ``44931. Authority to exempt.
    ``44932. Administrative.''.
    SEC. 1992. TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 449.
        The table of contents of chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in the item relating to section 44922, by striking
        ``Deputation'' and inserting ``Deputization''; and
            (2) by inserting after section 44941 the following:

    ``44942. Performance goals and objectives.
    ``44943. Performance management system.''.
    SEC. 1993. OTHER LAWS; INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT
    OF 2004.
        Section 4016(c) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention
    Act of 2004 (49 U.S.C. 44917 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for
        Immigration and Customs Enforcement'' and inserting ``Administrator
        of the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for
        Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Director of Federal Air
        Marshal Service of the Department of Homeland Security, in
        coordination with the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security
        (Transportation Security Administration),'' and inserting
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration and
        the Director of Federal Air Marshal Service of the Department of
        Homeland Security''.
    SEC. 1994. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.
        References relating to the Under Secretary of Transportation for
    Security in statutes, Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives,
    or delegations of authority that precede the effective date of this Act
    shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the Administrator of the
    Transportation Security Administration.

                                   Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                                Vice President of the United States and
                                                   President of the Senate.